{ "denomination":[ { "id":"28", "period":"21", "denomination":"Siliqua", "nomismaID":null, "dbpediaID":null, "bmID":null, "rarity":null, "description":null, "weight":null, "diameter":null, "thickness":null, "design":null, "obverse":null, "notes":null, "old_material":"Silver", "material":"22", "valid":"1", "created":"1998-09-28 00:00:00", "createdBy":null, "updated":"2010-02-01 13:58:30", "updatedBy":"56", "term":"Silver" } ], "associatedEmperors":[ { "id":"53", "name":"Aelia Flaccilla", "reeceID":"20", "pasID":"388", "dbpedia":"Aelia_Flaccilla", "viaf":"24990240", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"386", "date_to":"386", "biography":"
Aelia Flacilla was Theodosius I\u2019s first wife. She was also the mother of Honorius and Arcadius. Her fate is unknown. <\/p>", "image":"AeliaFlacilla.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Aelia_Flacilla", "dynasty":"13", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"388", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"85", "name":"Arcadius", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"124", "dbpedia":"Arcadius", "viaf":"5728388", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"383", "date_to":"408", "biography":"
Flavius Arcadius was born in 377 to Theodosius I and Aelia Flacilla. His father made him Augustus in 383, and when he died in 395 Arcadius inherited the eastern half of the Empire. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Arcadius and his brother reportedly had none of their father\u2019s great ability; Arcadius was controlled by a series of Praetorian Prefects, the empress, and less reputable characters. He died in 408, only 31 years old\u2014apparently from a feeble constitution rather than any foul play.<\/p>", "image":"Arcadius.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Arcadius", "dynasty":"13", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"124", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"86", "name":"Constans", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"109", "dbpedia":"Constans", "viaf":"197970721", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"333", "date_to":"350", "biography":"
(As Caesar 333-337, as Augustus 337-350.)<\/p>
Flavius Julius Constans was born around 320 to Fausta and Constantine I. He became Caesar in 333, and when the empire was divided after Constantine I\u2019s death he received Italy, Africa, and the Balkans.<\/p>
In 340, Constantine II invaded Constans\u2019 territory and was killed, so Constans became sole ruler in the west. He successfully fought the barbarians for the next ten years, but in 350 heard about the revolt of Magnentius and headed for Augustodunum. Constans fled to Spain, but was murdered in the Pyrenees at the fortress of Helene.<\/p>", "image":"Constans.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Constans", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":"ZuTBuWdqsJA", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"109", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"87", "name":"Crispus", "reeceID":"16", "pasID":"106", "dbpedia":"Crispus", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"317", "date_to":"326", "biography":"
Crispus was the son of Constantine by his first wife, Minervina. He was made Caesar while still young, along with his brother and Licinius II; Crispus greatly aided his father in the wars against Licinius, and as reward Constantine gave him control of the western provinces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n
In 326, Constantine met with Crispus in Pola (Istria). There, Constantine executed Crispus for adultery. The story is unclear, but Crispus may have had an affair with Constantine\u2019s current wife Fausta, or may have been living out-of-accordance with his father\u2019s recently-passed moral legislation. Sources also suggest that Fausta framed Crispus. <\/p>\r\n", "image":"Crispus.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Crispus", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"106", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"91", "name":"Decentius", "reeceID":"18", "pasID":"112", "dbpedia":"Decentius", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"350", "date_to":"353", "biography":"
Magnus Decentius was Magnentius\u2019 younger brother. Magnentius made him Caesar when he himself was proclaimed emperor. When Magnentius committed suicide in 353, Decentius did so as well. <\/p>", "image":"Decentius.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Decentius", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"112", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"92", "name":"Dalmatius", "reeceID":"17", "pasID":"110", "dbpedia":"Dalmatius", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"335", "date_to":"337", "biography":"
Dalmatius was a nephew of Constantine I, made Caesar in 335. When Constantine I died, his sons swiftly did away with Dalmatius, who made a grab for power in Constantinople. <\/p>", "image":"Delmatius.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Delmatius", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"110", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"96", "name":"Constantine I", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"100", "dbpedia":"Constantine_the_Great", "viaf":"97746098", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"306", "date_to":"337", "biography":"
Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantinus was born in 272 or 273 at Naissus to Helena and Constantius I. He was named Caesar of the west in 306, and gradually consolidated power by marching on Maxentius and conquering Rome, then marching on his co-emperor Licinius and eventually ousting him as well. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Constantine became Augustus in 313, shortly after his defeat of Maxentius. He struggled with Licinius I over the naming of their respective sons as caesars, and only in 317 after a number of battles did they compromise and name Constantine\u2019s two sons as well as Licinius the Younger as caesars. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Constantine converted to Christianity and made it legal in the Roman empire; historians like Eusebius glorify his deeds but in reality he was a tricky military commander and ruthless leader. He was responsible for the deaths of his son Crispus and second wife Fausta, and appears to have practiced both Christianity and worship of the sun-god until at least 312. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
He also instituted a number of new measures, including a severe tax on city residents every four years. The Christian minority generally liked the emperor, though they too complained of his taxes. His lasting legacy is probably the demotion of Rome as Constantine founded a new capital at Byzantium. He had rarely lived in Rome anyway, and disbanded the Praetorian Guard\u2014one of the city\u2019s status-markers as the imperial capital. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Constantine was baptized as he lay dying, by Eusebius. He was on campaign against the Persians at the time, and his body was buried in Constantinople. <\/p>", "image":"ConstantineI1.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Constantine_I_1", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":"1eRx66JYfkQ", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"100", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"97", "name":"Constantine II (emperor)", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"107", "dbpedia":"Constantine_II_(emperor)", "viaf":"82697127", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"317", "date_to":"340", "biography":"
Flavius Julius Constantius was the son of Constantine I and Faustina, born in 314. He was made Caesar while young, along with his brother and Licinius II in 317.<\/p> \r\n\r\n
Upon the death of Constantine I, Constantine II and his brothers Constantius and Constans swiftly crushed Dalmatius and Hannibalianus (nephews of Constantine also claiming power). They divided the empire and Constantine II received Spain, Gaul, and Britain. Soon thereafter he quarrelled with Constans over this division, and in 340 he crossed the Alps and tried to invade Italy. He died near Aquileia in an ambush. <\/p>\r\n", "image":"ConstantineII.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Constantine_II", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":"wCpRY3amZKY", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"107", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"98", "name":"Constantine III (western emperor)", "reeceID":"22", "pasID":"126", "dbpedia":"Constantine_III_(western_emperor)", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"407", "date_to":"411", "biography":"
Constantine was a common soldier, proclaimed emperor by the British troops. He went into Gaul and allied with the barbarian invaders; the next year he took Spain as well, but the province was overrun in 409 with other tribes. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Constantine was captured by Honorius\u2019 general Constantius and sent to Italy for execution. <\/p>\r\n", "image":"ConstantineIII.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Constantine_III", "dynasty":"16", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"126", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"99", "name":"Constantius Gallus", "reeceID":"18", "pasID":"113", "dbpedia":"Constantius_Gallus", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"351", "date_to":"354", "biography":"
Flavius Claudius Constantius (originally named Gallus) was Constantius II\u2019s cousin. He became Caesar in March 351 and changed his name. He ruled the Eastern provinces from Antioch but was a harsh governor and his subjects complained to the emperor. Constantius II summoned him to Milan but intercepted him in Pola (Istria) where he was tried and put to death in 354. <\/p>", "image":"ConstantiusGallus.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Constantius_Gallus", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"113", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"100", "name":"Constantius II", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"108", "dbpedia":"Constantius_II", "viaf":"35247811", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"323", "date_to":"361", "biography":"
Flavius Julius Constantius was the second son of Constantine and Fausta, born in 317. He was given the rank of Caesar soon after the defeat of Licinius, and when the empire was divided after Constantine\u2019s death he received the eastern territories. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
After the death of Constans in 350, Constantius II marched against the usurper Magnentius; he finally defeated him in 353 and spent the next years on the Danube border. In 359 he went to fight Persia, but received news that Julian had been proclaimed Augustus in Paris. Constantius II tried to march back and face him in battle, but died of fever on the way in Mopsucrene in 361. <\/p>", "image":"ConstantiusII.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Constantius_II", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":"mD3aOGbPZ6I", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"108", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"102", "name":"Eugenius", "reeceID":"21", "pasID":"123", "dbpedia":"Eugenius", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"392", "date_to":"394", "biography":"
When Valentinian II died, Arbogastes chose Eugenius as his successor. Eugenius was originally a teacher of rhetoric and grammar, not cut out for ruling, and Arbogastes effectively ruled through him. Theodosius I figured out that Arbogastes was running the show, and marched into Italy in 394. He put Eugenius to death and Arbogastes committed suicide somewhere in the mountains. <\/p>", "image":"Eugenius.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Eugenius", "dynasty":"13", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"123", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"103", "name":"Fausta", "reeceID":"16", "pasID":"101", "dbpedia":"Fausta", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"324", "date_to":"328", "biography":"
Fausta was the daughter of Maximian and wife of Constantine I. Her sons were Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans. She supposedly died after Constantine returned from Pola, where he had executed his son Crispus for adultery, because Helena convinced him that Fausta had plotted Crispus\u2019 downfall. Fausta is said to have entered her bath and turned up the steam so that she suffocated.<\/p>", "image":"Fausta.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Fausta", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"101", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"104", "name":"Flavius Victor", "reeceID":"20", "pasID":"122", "dbpedia":"Flavius_Victor", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"387", "date_to":"388", "biography":"
Flavius Victor was the son of Magnus Maximus. His father made him Augustus in 387 and left him in Gaul whilst invading Italy. After Maximus\u2019 defeat, Flavius Victor was taken captive and executed. <\/p>", "image":"FlaviusVictor.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Flavius_Victor", "dynasty":"13", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"122", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"107", "name":"Gratian", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"118", "dbpedia":"Gratian", "viaf":"57409191", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"367", "date_to":"383", "biography":"
Flavius Gratianus was the son of Valentinian I and Severa. In 367 he was given the rank of Augustus, though only 7 years old. He appointed the general Theodosius to govern the troubled eastern provinces; in 383 the commander of the British legions, Magnus Maximus, proclaimed himself emperor and Gratian\u2019s army deserted him. The young emperor fled to the Alps but was killed at Lugdunum (Lyons). <\/p>\r\n\r\n
His reign was considered auspicious and he issued a coin with the inscription \u2018GLORIA NOVI SAECULI\u2019 on the reverse.<\/p>", "image":"Gratian.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Gratian", "dynasty":"12", "murdoch":"wXQdL8Es2Mg", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"118", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"108", "name":"Hannibalianus", "reeceID":"17", "pasID":"384", "dbpedia":"Hannibalianus", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"335", "date_to":"337", "biography":"
Hannibalianus was a nephew of Constantine I, who took the title \u2018Rex\u2019 (king) in 335. When Constantine I died, his sons swiftly did away with Hannibalianus, who made a grab for power in Constantinople. <\/p>", "image":"Hanniballianus.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Hannibalianus", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"384", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"109", "name":"Helena (Empress)", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"102", "dbpedia":"Helena_(Empress)", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"324", "date_to":"341", "biography":"
Helena was the first wife of Constantius I, or possibly his concubine. She remained influential during her son\u2019s reign, and is credited with bringing Christian relics from Jerusalem and founding new churches. She was buried on the Via Labicana, outside of Rome. <\/p>", "image":"Helena.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Helena", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"102", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"112", "name":"Honorius (emperor)", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"125", "dbpedia":"Honorius_emperor", "viaf":"398923", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"393", "date_to":"423", "biography":"
Flavius Honorius was born in 384 to Theodosius I and Aelia Flacilla. He was made Augustus in 393; when Theodosius I died in 395, Honorius took control of the Western empire. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Honorius and his brother lacked their father\u2019s ability, and Honorius\u2019 guardian Stilicho ran the empire through him. Honorius married Stilicho\u2019s daughter. During his reign, the empire was attacked repeatedly by various barbarian tribes; the Vandals overran Gaul and the Visigoths threatened Italy. Stilicho was executed in 408, and order fell apart. The Goths besieged Rome three times and sacked it in 410; in 412 they went back to Gaul and the general Constantius helped rebuild the western empire. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Honorius made Constantius an Augustus in 421, and died at Ravenna in 423 after thirty years of troubled and ineffective rule. <\/p>", "image":"Honorius1.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Honorius_1", "dynasty":"13", "murdoch":"I0HpiGlII4g", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"125", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"114", "name":"Johannes", "reeceID":"22", "pasID":"392", "dbpedia":"Johannes", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"423", "date_to":"425", "biography":"
Johannes was Honorius\u2019 secretary, born around 380. When Honorius died, he took power but Theodosius II would not recognize him. <\/p>
Theodosius II sent an army to Italy on behalf of the rightful heir, the baby Placidius Valentinianus. They captured Johannes at Ravenna in summer 425; he was taken to Ravenna where he was tortured, exhibited in the circus, and executed. <\/p>", "image":"Johannes.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Johannes", "dynasty":"16", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"392", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"115", "name":"Jovianus", "reeceID":"18", "pasID":"115", "dbpedia":"Jovian_(emperor)", "viaf":"12693872", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"363", "date_to":"364", "biography":"
Flavius Jovianus was a senior commander under Julian II. When Julian died, the army chose Jovian as his successor, who immediately pulled out of the war with Parthia and began to retreat. He accidentally died on the way to Constantinople because the brazier of burning coals in his tent choked him. <\/p>", "image":"Jovian.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Jovian", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":"RQBgxzX7FDo", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"115", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"116", "name":"Jovinus", "reeceID":"22", "pasID":"389", "dbpedia":"Jovinus", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"411", "date_to":"413", "biography":"
Jovinus was a Gallic usurper, made emperor at Mainz by the kings of the Burgundians and Alani. He held onto power for two years, but was captured by a Visigoth in alliance with Honorius. He was executed at Narbonne. <\/p>", "image":"Jovinus.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Jovinus", "dynasty":"16", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"389", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"121", "name":"Magnentius", "reeceID":"18", "pasID":"111", "dbpedia":"Magnentius", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"350", "date_to":"353", "biography":"
Flavius Magnus Magnentius was of barbarian origin and joined Roman army. He was a general under Constans but in 350 rebelled and had himself proclaimed emperor. After Constans died, he was recognized by many of the Western provinces and wanted to take over the whole empire. He led his army against Constantius II but was defeated at Mursa in 351. After further losses, his soldiers deserted him, and Magnentius committed suicide in 353. <\/p>", "image":"Magnentius.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Magnentius", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"111", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"123", "name":"Magnus Maximus", "reeceID":"20", "pasID":"121", "dbpedia":"Magnus_Maximus", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"383", "date_to":"388", "biography":"
Magnus Clemens Maximus was a commander in the army under Gratian. In 383 his disgruntled soldiers proclaimed Maximus emperor, and he set out to invade Gaul. Gratian\u2019s troops deserted him and Maximus was left with Britain, Gaul, Spain, and Africa. He soon grew more ambitious and invaded Italy. Valentinian II fled to Theodosius, but the two emperors came back and drove out Maximus. He was defeated at Poetovio and executed near Aquileia. <\/p>", "image":"MagnusMaximus.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Magnus_Maximus", "dynasty":"13", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"121", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"131", "name":"Nepotianus", "reeceID":"18", "pasID":"386", "dbpedia":"Nepotianus", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"350", "date_to":"350", "biography":"
Flavius Julius Popilius Nepotianus Constantinus was a nephew of Constantine I. He seized power in Rome for 28 days just after the death of Constans. He was killed by soldiers of Magnentius.<\/p>", "image":"Nepotian.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Nepotian", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"386", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"138", "name":"Priscus Attalus", "reeceID":"22", "pasID":"390", "dbpedia":"Priscus_Attalus", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"409", "date_to":"410", "biography":"
Attalus was Prefect of Rome when Alaric besieged the city a second time (409). Alaric forced the Senate to make Attalus emperor by threatening to destroy the grain supplies at Ostia; Attalus became a puppet for the barbarian ruler. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Attalus was deposed in 410 for incompetence, but was proclaimed emperor again in 414 by Alaric\u2019s successor Ataulf. In 415 he was deposed again and given to Honorius, who banished him. <\/p>", "image":"PriscusAttallus.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Priscus_Attallus", "dynasty":"16", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"390", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"139", "name":"Procopius", "reeceID":"19", "pasID":"387", "dbpedia":"Procopius", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"360", "date_to":"365", "biography":"
Procopius was a general under Julian II and led the Persian expeditions. He also brought Julian\u2019s body to Tarsus, and in September of 365 was proclaimed emperor while Valens was going to Syria. Valens\u2019 forces soon defeated Procopius and put him to death. <\/p>", "image":"Procopius.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Procopius", "dynasty":"12", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"387", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"146", "name":"Theodora", "reeceID":"17", "pasID":"103", "dbpedia":"Flavia_Maximiana_Theodora", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"337", "date_to":"341", "biography":"
Theodora was the second wife of Constantius I and daughter of Maximian. She had two sons, Flavius Dalmatius and Flavius Julius Constantius. Her fate is unknown. <\/p>", "image":"Theodora.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Theodora", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"103", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"147", "name":"Theodosius I", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"120", "dbpedia":"Theodosius_I", "viaf":"31978444", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"379", "date_to":"395", "biography":"
Flavius Theodosius was born around 346 in Spain and was the son of Count Theodosius who put down the rebellion in Britain. Gratian made him emperor in the East in 379, and Theodosius started to drive back the eastern invaders. In 388, he helped defeat Maximus in the west; six years later he suppressed Eugenius\u2019 usurpation. At this point Theodosius had control of the entire empire, but died in 395 due to dropsy.<\/p> ", "image":"TheodosiusI.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Theodosius_I", "dynasty":"13", "murdoch":"zGSL5K8jehQ", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"120", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"148", "name":"Theodosius II", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"393", "dbpedia":"Theodosius_II", "viaf":"46929243", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"402", "date_to":"450", "biography":"
Theodosius II was born in 401 to Arcadius and Eudoxia. He became Augustus when nine months old, and was only seven when his father died and he became sole emperor of the east.<\/p>\r\n
The Praetorian Prefect acted as regent for the young emperor, and in 414 his sister Aelia Pulcheria took over. She continued effectively ruling even after her brother came of age, but his reign proved comparatively peaceful. The Codex Theodosianus emerged during this period, and only in the last years of Theodosius' reign did the Balkan Peninsula suffer multiple attacks by the Huns. The emperor had to sign several humiliating treaties with Atilla the Hun.<\/p>\r\n
Theodosius II died at Constantinople in 450, after injuring his spine while hunting.<\/p>", "image":"TheodosiusII.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Theodosius_II", "dynasty":"16", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"393", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"150", "name":"Valens", "reeceID":"19", "pasID":"117", "dbpedia":"Valens", "viaf":"64806218", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"364", "date_to":"378", "biography":"
Flavius Valens was the younger brother of Valentinian I, and was born around 328. Valentinian raised him to the rank of Augustus in 364 and put him in control of the east; Valens spent much time campaigning against the Goths and Persians. He died in a huge battle near Hadrianopolis in 378. <\/p>", "image":"Valens.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Valens", "dynasty":"12", "murdoch":"c9Cr937TnPo", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"117", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"151", "name":"Valentinian I", "reeceID":"19", "pasID":"116", "dbpedia":"Valentinian_I", "viaf":"76544789", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"364", "date_to":"375", "biography":"
Flavius Valentinianus was born around 321 in Pannonia. He rose through the military to high rank under Julian and Jovian, and after their deaths was chosen Augustus. He appointed his brother Valens as co-emperor in the east, and spent a lot of time defending the Rhine frontier. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Valentinian also faced severe revolts in Britain, which he sent Count Theodosius to suppress. Late in 375, Valentinian received a deputation of barbarians and grew enraged at their impudence; he fell into an apoplectic fit and died. <\/p>", "image":"ValentinianI.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Valentinian_I", "dynasty":"12", "murdoch":"ky92TQSsBcQ", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"116", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"152", "name":"Valentinian II", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"119", "dbpedia":"Valentinian_II", "viaf":"32800218", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"375", "date_to":"392", "biography":"
Flavius Valentinianus was the son of Valentinian I and Justina, born in 371. His brother Gratian made him emperor at the age of four, in 375; after Magnus Maximus\u2019 revolt and Gratian\u2019s death, he was left only with possession of Italy. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
When Magnus Maximus invaded Italy in 387, Valentinian II fled to Theodosius in the east. The two legitimate emperors marched against Magnus Maximus the next year, and defeated him. In 392 Valentinian II was strangled by his army commander Arbogast. <\/p>\r\n", "image":"ValentinianII.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Valentinian_II", "dynasty":"12", "murdoch":"BCCk1TMUjj4", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"119", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"154", "name":"Vetranio", "reeceID":"18", "pasID":"385", "dbpedia":"Vetranio", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"350", "date_to":"350", "biography":"
Vetranio was a commander of the Illyrian army when Constans died and his soldiers were not sure whether to support Magnentius of Constantius II. Constantia, sister of Constantius II, persuaded them to name Vetranio as emperor. Vetranio claimed loyalty to Constantius and stopped Magnentius\u2019 advance until Constantius II could come back from the East. Once Constantius II showed up, Vetranio abdicated power and spent the last six years of his life in peaceful retirement. <\/p>", "image":"Vetranio.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Vetranio", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":null, "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"385", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"155", "name":"Julian the Apostate", "reeceID":"18", "pasID":"114", "dbpedia":"Julian_the_Apostate", "viaf":"57406701", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"355", "date_to":"363", "biography":"
Flavius Claudius Julianus was born in Constantinople around 332, and was a half-cousin to Constantius II. In 355 Constantius recalled him from study at Athens to take control of the Gallic frontier, and gave Julian the rank of Caesar. Julian was very popular with the troops and Constantius felt threatened; Julian\u2019s troops then declared him Augustus and Constantius died just before he could get rid of Julian; Julian then became sole emperor of the rest. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Julian was a learned man who left many literary works; he also favoured reinstituting the pagan system, though he did not actually persecute Christians. He died under questionable circumstances in Mesopotamia, after launching an expedition against the Persians. The army chose Jovian, one of the senior generals, to succeed Julian. \r\n<\/p>", "image":"Julian.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Julian", "dynasty":"11", "murdoch":"Ocb7-Tjuq5A", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"114", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"156", "name":"Valentinian III", "reeceID":"22", "pasID":"394", "dbpedia":"Valentinian_III", "viaf":"56825259", "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"425", "date_to":"455", "biography":"
Placidius Valentinianus was the son of Constantius III and Galla Placidia. After Constantius II died, his widow quarrelled with Honorius and fled to Constantinople in 423. She returned with her son to Italy two years later, and when the usurper Johannes was put to death they travelled to Rome. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Valentinian III was proclaimed emperor at Rome in 425, and for the first 12 years of his reign Placidia took control. Control then passed to the general Aetius, who was assassinated in 454. <\/p>\r\n\r\n
Valentinian\u2019s reign saw the slow dissolution of the western empire, including the loss of Africa to the Vandals and Atilla\u2019s invasion of Gaul.<\/p>\r\n\r\n
Valentinian III was assassinated in 455 as the result of a plot instigated by the senator Petronius Maximus. <\/p>\r\n", "image":"ValentinianIII.jpg", "zoomfolder":"Valentinian_III", "dynasty":"16", "murdoch":"52-d-ZvOH6k", "updated":"2012-06-21 10:32:50", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2007-08-09 10:51:43", "createdBy":"56", "i":"394", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"163", "name":"House of Constantine", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"132", "dbpedia":"Constantinian_dynasty", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"307", "date_to":"361", "biography":null, "image":null, "zoomfolder":null, "dynasty":null, "murdoch":null, "updated":null, "updatedBy":null, "created":"2013-02-18 09:06:03", "createdBy":"56", "i":"132", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"168", "name":"House of Theodosius", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"134", "dbpedia":"Theodosian_dynasty", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"388", "date_to":"402", "biography":null, "image":null, "zoomfolder":null, "dynasty":null, "murdoch":null, "updated":null, "updatedBy":null, "created":"2013-02-18 09:22:29", "createdBy":"56", "i":"134", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"178", "name":"House of Valentinian", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"133", "dbpedia":"Valentinian_dynasty", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"364", "date_to":"378", "biography":null, "image":null, "zoomfolder":null, "dynasty":null, "murdoch":null, "updated":null, "updatedBy":null, "created":"2013-02-18 09:43:56", "createdBy":"56", "i":"133", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"179", "name":"Uncertain - 4th century", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"135", "dbpedia":null, "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"-27", "date_to":"399", "biography":null, "image":null, "zoomfolder":null, "dynasty":null, "murdoch":null, "updated":null, "updatedBy":null, "created":"2013-02-18 10:03:46", "createdBy":"56", "i":"135", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"180", "name":"Late 4th\/early 5th century", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"136", "dbpedia":null, "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"350", "date_to":"425", "biography":null, "image":null, "zoomfolder":null, "dynasty":null, "murdoch":null, "updated":null, "updatedBy":null, "created":"2013-02-18 10:03:46", "createdBy":"56", "i":"136", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"187", "name":"Eudoxia", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"391", "dbpedia":"Aelia_Eudoxia", "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"404", "date_to":"404", "biography":null, "image":null, "zoomfolder":null, "dynasty":null, "murdoch":null, "updated":"2013-08-14 12:04:43", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2013-02-18 10:13:14", "createdBy":"56", "i":"391", "denomID":"28" }, { "id":"190", "name":"5th century (other ruler)", "reeceID":null, "pasID":"474", "dbpedia":null, "viaf":null, "nomismaID":null, "date_from":"400", "date_to":"499", "biography":null, "image":null, "zoomfolder":null, "dynasty":null, "murdoch":null, "updated":"2013-08-14 12:04:43", "updatedBy":"56", "created":"2013-02-18 10:17:25", "createdBy":"56", "i":"474", "denomID":"28" } ] }