Record ID: WMID-F168C9
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Staffordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete copper alloy three spoked wheel model, of uncertain dating but possibly Roman (AD 43 to AD 410). The wheel model has three internal spokes. It is circular in shape, with bevelled edges. The spokes have a circular cross section and meet at a circular hub in the centre of the model. The wheel has a diameter of 28.3 mm and is 4.8 mm thick. It weighs 9.6 g. The wheel model is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. A couple of other similar three spoked wheel models have been recorded on the PAS database including: DOR-18D344 and IOW-19E771. These are considered to…
Created on: Monday 11th March 2024
Last updated: Wednesday 27th March 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: GLO-B438E4
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Wiltshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Copper alloy votive socketed axehead that has a short rectangular frame with a loop projecting from the top rear corner. The forward edge has been truncated resulting in the loss of the blade. On the opposite end is the socket, this end is oval with a shallow rectangular shot in the centre. This scaled down model of the larger socketed axe of the Late Bronze Age and is a Robinson (1995) Type III, (Robinson 1995 WA&NHM 88). These artefacts are normally dated to the late Iron Age to Early Roman period and are likely to be religious offerings with many either being found in grav…
Created on: Friday 8th September 2023
Last updated: Tuesday 10th October 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BH-948816
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Wiltshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete cast copper-alloy miniature socketed axehead of Iron Age to Roman date (c. 200BC-AD410). The axehead is sub-rectangular with a triangular cross-section narrowing from the butt to the blade. Each face is flat, as are the sides, one of which has an intact side-loop projecting from it. The butt face is squarely recessed. None of the surfaces are decorated. The axehead measures 26.7mm long, 14.6 wide, 6.4mm maximum thickness and weighs 9.5 grams. A parallel miniature axehead is recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database (BERK-733328). This record highlights a co…
Created on: Thursday 20th July 2023
Last updated: Monday 31st July 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-733328
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An complete copper alloy miniature socketed axehead, dating from the Iron Age through to Roman period (c.200BC-AD410). The axehead is sub-rectangular in form with a triangular cross section that narrows towards the curved blade. The side loop is integral and within the line of the body and placed 3/4 down the side of the axe. The socket is sub-rectangular. Overall the object is undecorated and has a smooth mid-green patina. Robinson's (1995) Type III miniature axe with a drooping blade. Similar to No. 13 which he describes as ' a small and well made m…
Created on: Wednesday 31st May 2023
Last updated: Monday 26th June 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: LEIC-CDA542
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Leicestershire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A small wedge-shaped copper alloy object, possibly the head of a small votive Roman axe.  The object is in fair condition, is 8mm long, 7mm wide, 3mm thick and weighs 0.46g.
Created on: Saturday 11th March 2023
Last updated: Saturday 11th March 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NMS-DE2495
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Possible votive antler or part of a mount or figurine of a stag or stag's head. Single branch with five points, the attachment end has a straight worn break or terminal. Length (or extant length) 37mm. Width 12mm. Weighs 8.19g. Cf. a stag's head from Bramton (mount, and another from Attleborough (staff terminal), both illustrated in Marsden (2014), fig. 5.33 and fig. 7.49. The stag is associated with Silvanus, the Romano-Celtic hunter, and with the Celtic god Cernunnos (Green (1976), p. 33).
Created on: Monday 5th December 2022
Last updated: Wednesday 21st December 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-6D4155
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A copper alloy miniature axe of Roman date (c. AD 150-250). The object has been cast in one piece. The haft has a sub-rectangular cross section and only extends to the axehead. The axehead is trapezoidal in plan, flaring towards the convex cutting edge. There are similar votive miniature axes on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database, including BUC-321F77 and WAW-FD3417. However, unlike these, the haft on this model does not extend beyond the axehead and the axehead does not have a tapering butt. The axehead also is at an angle, unlike most other examples on the database.
Created on: Friday 30th September 2022
Last updated: Thursday 1st December 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NMS-0714F4
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Roman copper-alloy miniature votive axe, consisting of an integrally cast axehead and haft. The axehead is flat and broadly trapezoidal, with a wider, slightly convex cutting edge and a narrower and very marginally thicker butt. The haft is oval in cross-section and straight. It passes at a right-angle across the butt end of the head and projects about a millimetre from the opposite side as flat protrusion of indistinct shape.  One face of the axehead is engraved with three linear grooves which cross it from side to side. One is slightly oblique, while the other two are more obli…
Created on: Tuesday 13th September 2022
Last updated: Friday 7th October 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUSS-4883C8
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: BRONZE AGE
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A copper-alloy wheel probaby a Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age votive model of a miniature wheel dating c. 1000-500 BC. The openwork wheel is circular in plan and sub-rectangular in cross section. The wheel has a trapezoidal shaped 'axel' from which four spokes radiate, narrowing as they do, before flaring slightly where they join the outer rim. The apertures between each spoke are sub-oval and slightly pointed. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle (c.1.0mm diameter) this shows signs of ware on one face. The wheel has a dark green surface with red areas. …
Created on: Wednesday 30th March 2022
Last updated: Wednesday 6th April 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-FD3417
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
The object is a miniaturised axe cast in one piece, similar to Kiernan's type 4. The axe has a long handle that is rectangular in cross-section. The flat head is trapezoidal in form and has straight sides, a long-flared blade and tapering butt. There is a knop at the top of the blade representing the end of the handle shaft. Miniature objects have been interpreted as votives offered at Roman temples and shrines. Although they have often been assumed to be an exclusively Roman phenomenon, it is possible that some examples may be of earlier date. Similar examples on the database i…
Created on: Tuesday 25th January 2022
Last updated: Thursday 3rd March 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-6DAEC2
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete cast copper-alloy miniature axe-head.  The object is a spatulate-shaped truncated triangle with a broad curved crescentric  cutting edge. The butt of the axe shows some signs of an old worn break. The cross-section is sub-oval at the narrow 'butt' end and a thin lenticular shape at the wider 'cutting' edge.  Longitudinally it tapers in thickness narrowing equally from both sides as it approaches the wider 'blade' end. The object is 21.9mm in length and 19.5mm wide at the blade end which narrows to …
Created on: Thursday 7th January 2021
Last updated: Tuesday 15th November 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NMS-2A4997
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Cast copper alloy Roman votive model in the form of a hafted axe. The axe head is shaped as a rectangle which widens and curves slightly downwards towards the thinning and slightly flared blade. The circular section handle is set perpendicularly through the butt of the axehead and is represented as penetrating just beyond the full thickness. The surface is a mottled green to brown colour. Votive axes were likely used as personal offerings at shrines and in graves during the late Iron Age to Romano-British period (c.100 BC - 410 AD). Green (1981: 258) also suggests that in a Romano-Cel…
Created on: Thursday 30th July 2020
Last updated: Monday 7th March 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: GLO-EB8127
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
The object is a miniaturised axe cast in one piece, similar to Kiernan's type 4. The axe has a long handle that is rectangular in cross-section. The flat head is trapezoidal in form and has straight sides, a long-flared blade and tapering butt. There is a knop at the top of the blade representing the end of the handle shaft. Miniature objects have been interpreted as votives offered at Roman temples and shrines. Although they have often been assumed to be an exclusively Roman phenomenon, it is possible that some examples may be of earlier date. Similar examples on the database i…
Created on: Monday 27th July 2020
Last updated: Monday 27th July 2020
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NMS-853C9B
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Fragment of copper alloy spatulate-shaped object with wider crescentic end, slightly in-curving sides and broken narrow end. The cross-section is sub-oval at the narrow end and a thin lenticular shape at the wider end. Longitudinally it tapers in thickness narrowing equally from both sides as it approaches the wider end. The object has some remains of a dark brown patination but in the majority it is corroded back to a mottled green. There is no sign of decoration. The surviving evidence stops just short of making the object fully diagnostic of date and purpose, but on balance it is m…
Created on: Friday 10th July 2020
Last updated: Friday 24th July 2020
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-5C8F8B
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: BRONZE AGE
County: West Berkshire
Workflow stage: Published
A complete Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age copper alloy votive model of a miniature wheel dated to c. 1000-500 BC. The wheel is circular in plan and D-shaped in cross section with each elements of the wheel (its spokes, rim and centre) being convex on the front and flat on the back. The wheel has a trapezoidal shaped 'axel' from which four spokes radiate, narrowing as they do, before joining the outer rim. The holes between each of the axel are sub-oval, almost pointed ovals. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle (c.3.0mm diameter) this shows little sign of …
Created on: Friday 26th June 2020
Last updated: Friday 26th June 2020
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: GLO-79D02D
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Gloucestershire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Copper alloy votive socketed axehead that has a short rectangular frame with a loop projecting from the top rear corner. The forward edge has been truncated resulting in the loss of the blade. On the opposite end is the socket, this end is oval with a shallow rectangular shot in the centre. This scaled down model of the larger socketed axe of the Late Bronze Age and is a Robinson (1995) Type III, (Robinson 1995 WA&NHM 88). These artefacts are normally dated to the late Iron Age to Early Roman period and are likely to be religious offerings with many either being found in graves s…
Created on: Tuesday 10th March 2020
Last updated: Thursday 19th March 2020
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: GLO-79BE45
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Gloucestershire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Copper alloy votive socketed axehead that has a short rectangular frame with a loop projecting from the top rear corner. The forward edge has been truncated resulting in the loss of the blade. On the opposite end is the socket, this end is oval with a shallow concave centre. This scaled down model of the larger socketed axe of the Late Bronze Age and is a Robinson (1995) Type III, (Robinson 1995 WA&NHM 88). These artefacts are normally dated to the late Iron Age to Early Roman period and are likely to be religious offerings with many either being found in graves sites, such as an…
Created on: Tuesday 10th March 2020
Last updated: Thursday 19th March 2020
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-F83100
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Published
A silver miniature votive axe of Roman date. Iron corrosion is concentrated on the base of the axe, suggesting that other features were once present. Dimensions: length: 36.7mm, width: 15.5mm, thickness: 7.7mm, weight: 8.62g Discussion: Although no other silver votive axes exist on the database, a silver votive dagger of Roman date (NMS-F2D1B2) was declared treasure (Treasure case tracking number: 2008T515). A number of copper-alloy axe heads have been catalogued; although these usually combine the head with a handle, they are sometimes socketed in a similar manner to this one; for …
Created on: Wednesday 4th September 2019
Last updated: Friday 1st December 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: GLO-F0F487
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Gloucestershire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Copper alloy votive socketed axehead that has a short rectangular frame with a loop projecting from the top rear corner. The forward edge has been truncated resulting in the loss of the blade. On the opposite end is the socket, this end is oval with a shallow concave centre. This scaled down model of the larger socketed axe of the Late Bronze Age and is a Robinson (1995) Type III, (Robinson 1995 WA&NHM 88). These artefacts are normally dated to the late Iron Age to Early Roman period and are likely to be religious offerings with many either being found in graves sites, such as an e…
Created on: Monday 29th July 2019
Last updated: Thursday 1st August 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SOM-C30265
Object type: VOTIVE MODEL
Broad period: BRONZE AGE
County: Wiltshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete Late Bronze Age or Iron Age copper alloy votive model of a miniature wheel dated to the first millenium BC. The wheel is circular in plan with a triangular shaped 'axel' with concave slightly sides from the corners of which three spokes radiate joining it to the outer rim. The spokes are rectangular in cross section with the corners on the front face slightly rounded while the reverse are more angular. The rim is subrectangular, with flat front, back and inner edge and rounded outer edge. There is a circular perforation in the centre of the axle which appears to have been d…
Created on: Tuesday 19th February 2019
Last updated: Tuesday 2nd April 2019
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'West Knoyle', grid reference and parish protected.