YORYM-D45BF4: CLOTH SEAL
Lead cloth seal bearing a shield of Leeds. The object is circular in plan, slightly bent, with the remains of a loop on one side. The face of the object shows a fleece suspended on a cord within a shield with a bi-concave top. The outer border of the face has beaded decoration. There are indistinguishable scratch marks on the reverse of the seal. The reverse was not photographed due to an oversight at the event at which this object was recorded.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/201316

YORYM-D32841: CLOTH SEAL
Cast lead cloth seal dating to the Medieval to Post-Medieval period. The object comprises a near-complete reverse disc with a fragmentary decorated, facing disc. There is a tag protruding from the reverse disc; this would have connected the two discs together. The obverse disc has raised decoration that is indistinguishable.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/202874

YORYM-48A783: CLOTH SEAL
Half of a lead cloth seal. The object comprises an undecorated sub-circular disc. There is an irregularly shaped lug on the reverse, possibly the means of attachment to the other half of the seal.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/177553

YORYMB1314: CLOTH SEAL
Intact lead alloy cloth seal (still closed). No decoration or device is visible.

YORYMB1325: CLOTH SEAL
Circular lead cloth seal. One side is decorated with a shield design dating from AD 1648 (Heraldry: sources and symbols and meanings. Brooke-Little 1997). The shield is divided into four zones by a central cross. Within the lower two zones are a series of pellets. The other side bears large initials: CR above 9K (a weight measurement?).

YORYMB1158: CLOTH SEAL
reverse plain save sub rectangular lead flap foldede over from face decorated with cross hatching in high relief. Face , smaller circular disc with BY/[.]/T legible in high relief. Yellow-cream uniform oxidised surface.

Bifacial, casting spurs around perimeter, face 1 -swan stg, wings addorsed; face 2 crowned 'ihr' monogram.Suspensor/attachment truncated, stem protruding mid point proximal body.cream coloured, surface oxidisation- poss parallels figs 36&40 Egan possibly Guild of Dyers, London or French

trace of portcullis in shallow relief one face, no other distinguishing marks, veruy oxidised, white surface, flattened attachment stem mid point reverse

no discernible decoration/device, textile imprint very obvious on reverse. Yellow-cream oxidised surafce.

cloth , textile impression on reverse, uncertain design (denuded surafecs), 2 part seal, yellow-cream coloured oxidised suraface

Partial (c 75% extant), convex profile, face inscribed with what appear to be scratched, crude initials (poss after seal was made) around cast L in moderate relief. Reverse-impression of weave , partial relief dessign, part of arrow and poss stars? Refer to parallel with Egan - cf fig 45, no 338

YORYM-F14747: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead bag seal of late post-medieval date. The seal is comprised of a single disc of metal with a small knop projecting from one edge. Both surfaces are extremely worn rendering all diagnostic detail illegible. The metal is a mid whitish-grey colour and is worn. The seal is 13.5mm in diameter, 7.4mm thick and weighs 5.5g. Lead bag and cloth seals were used between the 13th and 19th centuries as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control.

YORYM-8FD591: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by two rivets and linked by an integral stem projecting from one edge. The upper disc is stamped with the letters O/L//H and the reverse bears the over stamped letters or monogram GL. The metal is a light whitish-brown colour and is worn. The seal is 27.5mm long (including stem), 24.2mm in diameter, 4.5mm thick and weighs 14.3g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-357C71: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central rivet and linked by an integral stem. The upper disc is stamped with a worn design featuring a crowned shield while the reverse appears undecorated. The metal is a dark whitish-grey colour and is worn. The seal is 20.2mm long (including stem), 15.1mm in diameter, 3.2mm thick and weighs 4.3g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-75E372: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central rivet and linked by an integral stem. Only one disc of the seal now remains and is stamped with the letters OP. The seal is 21.4mm in diameter, 5.3mm thick and weighs 5.6g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-75F631: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central rivet and linked by an integral stem. The upper disc is stamped with a square which is halved diagonally and ribbed in one half. The reverse appears undecorated. The metal is a dark whitish-grey colour and is worn. The seal is 23.4mm long (including stem), 15.9mm in diameter, 4.9mm thick and weighs 10.5g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-8704E3: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central rivet and linked by an integral stem. Both discs are very worn and appear to be undecorated. The metal is a mid greyish-brown colour and is worn. The seal is 20.5mm long (including stem), 15.1mm in diameter, 3.7mm thick and weighs 4.2g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-D524B3: CLOTH SEAL
A complete cast lead cloth seal of medieval date. The seal is square in plan and undecorated with a flat rectangular stem projecting centrally from one edge. This stem folds over the edge of the seal and is held in place by a central rivet projecting from the reverse. The metal is a light greyish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 27.9mm long, 26.3mm wide, 7.9mm thick and weighs 13.4g.

YORYM-887F28: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the four disc alnage type joined by an integral central strip and was issued under of George I (AD 1714-1727). The two discs closest to the strip bear stamped decoration. The first depicts the right facing laureate bust of King George with a circumferential legend which reads: FIDEI DEFEN (defender of the faith) all within a raised circular border. The disc to the reverse of this bears a crowned thistle also within a raised circular border. There is a 1 to the left of the crown and 1/2 to the right - indicating the duty in pence. The remaining two discs appear undecorated though one has a perforation through which a central rivet from the other disc is pressed to seal it. Similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database as LON-243872, SWYOR-1CCC94 and HAMP-8E86A8. The metal is a light grey colour. The seal is 32.5mm long, 13.5mm in diameter, 4.9mm thick and weighs 5.9g.

YORYM-A32823: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval two part lead alloy cloth seal (AD1400-1900). Cloth seals are cast in one piece, and consist of two discs with a connecting strip. One of the discs has a rivet, and when the strip is folded over this rivet is placed through a corresponding hole on the other disc. The rivet is then bent over and flattened and the seal stamped with one, or between two, dies (matrices) (Egan 1994, p.4). One the back of the disc with the rivet are markings which do not parallel examples in Egan 1994. These were therefore most likely a later addition on the plain disc face. The inscription reads ZXP with the vertical line of the P running at an angle and further into the centre of the disc. Below this appear to be the characters 3X. The surface is worn and any further inscriptions cannot be deciphered. The opposing side with the bent rivet has been pressed with a generic design, again not comparable with those in Egan. This design consists of an outer circle in which there are at least seven raised star shapes of equal size with six points. Stamped lead seals such as this were attached to cloths as part of the system of regulation and quality control for commercial trade. In England cloth seals also indicated that a payment of tax had been made to the crown (Egan 1994, p.1) The discs have a diameter of 26.10mm and the total length including the loop is 39.65. It is 3.52mm thick and weighs 14.02g.

YORYM-C5ACB3: CLOTH SEAL
A probably complete though worn lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type joined by an integral central strip. Both faces are stamped with Roman numerals though due to the wear and damage on the object they cannot be completely understood. All that remains of the numerals on one side is: L//[?]XVI[----]. The other side reads: [?]XXX[?]. The metal has a light brown patina. The seal is 30.9mm long, 27.3mm in diameter, 6.2mm thick and weighs 10.4g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed. They were widely used in the England from the late fourteenth to the early nineteenth century.

YORYM-0C7954: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type joined by an integral central strip and sealed by compressing a central rivet. The front of the seal bears the raised design of the letter "A" flanked on four sides by annulets all within a circumferential border. The reverse depicts a pinecone or thistle device. The 'A' and pinecone design indicates the seal will have originated in Augsburg, Germany as the pinecone is the heradlic badge of the city. It is suggested that such seals were attached to fustians, a variety of heavy cloth woven from cotton and chiefly prepared for menswear, and date to the 16th or 17th century. The metal is a mid brown colour. The seal is 30.9mm long, 18.7mm in diameter, 4.5mm thick and weighs 9.7g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards. Similar seals have been recorded on the PAS database as: SOM-83F4E6, SOM-516797, SOM-35D010 and NMS-3780C6.

YORYM-C41BB8: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete cast lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type linked by an integral stem. Only one disc and the stem now remain and the upper surface of the surviving stem is decorated with a stamped design featuring a rooster or chicken facing left with the number 5 below. The seal is 20.5mm long (including stem), 13.7mm in diameter and 1.2mm thick. Lead cloth and bale seals were used between the 13th and 19th centuries as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed.

YORYM-0013B3: CLOTH SEAL
Post-Medieval complete cast lead bag cloth seal. The seal is of the two disc type linked by an integral stem. The reverse disc is worn but the obverse disc bears traces of decoration- 'Gst 59.' Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-B6D363: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type linked by an integral stem. Both discs are very worn though one bears the crowned monogram GW. The metal is a mid greyish-brown colour and is worn. The seal is 17mm long (including stem), 11.8mm in diameter, 3.2mm thick and weighs 2.1g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control.

YORYM-989186: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type though only one disc now remains. The upper surface of the surviving disc is decorated with a relief square topped Royal shield. The letter or numeral "X" is present to the right of the shield however no further text survives which may have referred to the type of cloth or its provenance. These decorative elements are framed within a beaded border. The metal is a light brownish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 11.3mm in diameter, 1.7mm thick and weighs 1.1g. Numerous examples of cloth seals bearing Royal shields have been recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database. For examples see: BH-02E5D7, LIN-49F7C6, SF-1C1253 and SWYOR-323955. Lead cloth and bale seals were used between the 13th and 19th centuries as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed.

YORYM-992568: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type joined by an integral central strip. Both visible surfaces of the seal are decorated with now indistinct designs. The metal is a light brownish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 10.6mm in diameter, 3.4mm thick and weighs 1.8g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used between the 13th and 19th centuries as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed.

YORYM-01BFFA: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type joined by an integral central strip and sealed by compressing a central rivet. The upper surface of the seal is stamped with the letters IW//.M. while the reverse appears undecorated. The metal is a light brownish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 21.4mm long with integral strip, 15.6mm in diameter, 3.1mm thick and weighs 3.9g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-02250C: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type joined by an integral central strip (now missing) and sealed by compressing a central rivet. The upper surface of the seal is stamped with the image of a crowned rose and the reverse bears the Roman numerals XXV(upside down)II. The metal is a light brownish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 18.5mm in diameter, 2.7mm thick and weighs 3.1g. Crowned rose devises such as this frequently bear the initials of the ruling monarch at their time of issue to either side. While traces of initials to the right of this device can be seen it is not possible to determine its nature. The legend 'XXVIII' may indicate the length of the cloth to which the seal was originally attached, in this case 28 yards, although this remains a uncertain. The numeral V being upside down may represent the low literacy level of the individual who inscribed the seal press. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-8C6EF4: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the four disc type joined by an integral central strip. Both upper discs are stamped with text though one is now illegible and all that can be determined on the second are the letters [--]//DRA[-]//B[-]. The metal is a light brownish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 28.1mm long, 12.9mm wide, 4.9mm thick and weighs 7.6g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used between the 13th and 19th centuries as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. It is likely that the text refers to the type of material as well as its size and weigh and provenance.

YORYM-332167: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval two part lead alloy cloth seal. It consists of a disc of lead alloy with a central circular perforation. This is attached to one end of rectangular sectioned strip of lead alloy which is bent around to form a loop. The other end of the strip is attached a solid disc of lead alloy which has a raised circular rivet of lead alloy on the inner face. The object was cast as one piece and then folded with the two discs pushed together so that the raised rivet on one disc fits though the central perforation on the other disc. Both faces of the seal are decorated. The solid disc is stamped with an ornate letter A. Traces of a circular beaded boarder are visible under the fold of the loop. The stamp has been applied off centre. The other face is stamped with a pine-cone on tripartite base. There is a trace of beaded boarded visible here too. This example is complete although slightly bent of out of shape. It measures 20.75mm in diameter and 3.73mm thick. Total length including the loop is 23.74mm. It weighs 9.67g. Stamped lead seals such as this were attached to individual cloths as part of the system of regulation and quality control. They were widely used in the England from the late fourteenth to the early nineteenth century. A very close parallel to this seal is published by Egan (1994), number 310, page 106 and Fig 41 page 192. The pine-cone is the heraldic badge of the Germany city of Augsberg and A is its initial.

A post medieval two part lead alloy cloth seal. It consists of a disc of lead alloy with a central circular perforation. This is attached to one end of rectangular sectioned strip of lead alloy which is bent around to form a loop. The other end of the strip is attached a solid disc of lead alloy which has a raised circular rivet of lead alloy on the inner face. The object was cast as one piece and then folded with the two discs pushed together so that the raised rivet on one disc fits though the central perforation on the other disc. The face of the solid disc appears undecorated. The other face has been stamped with a monogram that appears to show the letter B above an ornate A, all within a circular frame. The face has been stamped off centre. Stamping has squashed down the rivet so much that is appears from the side as another layer of lead alloy on top of disc. The seal appears to be complete. It has been squashed flat in burial so the loop is no longer open. On the stamped side, there is a small amount of damage/loss of surface that has occurred to the top left edge of the disc. It measures 19.97mm in diameter and 3.59mm thick. Total length including the loop is 26.90mm. It weighs 7.98g. Stamped lead seals such as this were attached to individual cloths as part of the system of regulation and quality control. They were widely used in the England from the late fourteenth to the early nineteenth century. The most similar example published by Egan (1994) is number 209, page 79 and Fig 30 page181. That example shows the letter RB over A. It falls into the very common category of clothiers, weavers and searchers personal seals.

YORYM-3341CC: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval two part lead alloy cloth seal. It consists of a disc of lead alloy with a central circular perforation. This is attached to one end of rectangular sectioned strip of lead alloy which is bent around to form a loop. The other end of the strip is attached a solid disc of lead alloy which has a raised circular rivet of lead alloy on the inner face. The object was cast as one piece and then folded with the two discs pushed together so that the raised rivet on one disc fits though the central perforation on the other disc. The face of the solid disc is unstamped. There are parallel scratch marks running diagonally across this face but these might not be deliberate. The other face has been stamped. Part of a monogram appears over the end of the rivet however, the characters of the monogram are indistinct. The seal appears to be complete. It has been squashed in burial so the loop bent down towards the stamped face. It measures 20.91mm in diameter and 3.72mm thick. Total length including the loop is 23.37mm. It weighs 9.36g. Stamped lead seals such as this were attached to individual cloths as part of the system of regulation and quality control. They were widely used in the England from the late fourteenth to the early nineteenth century.

YORYM-334B7E: CLOTH SEAL
Part of a post medievallead alloy cloth seal. It consists of a lead alloy disc with a central circular perforation. Attached to this is a rectangular sectioned strip of lead alloy. This strip is broken, the break being worn. It would have continued and attached to a solid disc. There is no decoration visible on the outer face of this object. The inner face, which would have been pressed against a piece of cloth has taken an impression of the textile. This object measures 20.75mm in diameter and 1.29mm thick. Total length including the loop is 27.24mm. It weighs 3.88g. Stamped lead seals such as this were attached to individual cloths as part of the system of regulation and quality control. They were widely used in the England from the late fourteenth to the early nineteenth century.

An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is sub-rectangular with a narrow section and is stamped on one surface with the Roman numerals XLV: (45). The reverse appears blank. A similar cloth seal is illustrated in Egan (1994) p.174, fig.23, no.95 and is described as a Dutch community tubular seal from Norwich. The numerals on such examples relate to the length of the cloth in yards while the other side is likely to have born the stamped name of Norwich. The cloth seal is 24.9mm long, 18.4mm wide, 2.6mm thick and weighs 8g. A similar cloth seal has also been recorded on the PAS database as NMS-95CA14.

YORYM-8A0FA1: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete cast lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. Only one disc of the seal remains and is circular in plan and is flat. The upper surface is decorated with a relief design consisting of a left facing bird, possibly and eagle, with wings stretched backward. From the reverse a casting flash can be seen at the centre of which is an irregular patch of lead which probably represents the remains of the central rivet by which the disc would have been attached to the cloth. The metal is a light greyish-white colour and is worn. The cloth seal is 14.6mm in diameter, 3.3mm thick and weighs 1.9g.

YORYM-5BF18D: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead two part cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500-1900. The seal comprises two circular discs, one of which has a circular rivet which has been pushed through the hole of the second disc.The rivet has a monogram comprising the letters TS. The T is placed centrally with the S entwining the stem and bar. The edges of the seal are worn, and it exhibits some cracks. A worn projection at 3 o clock may be the remains of a strip which joined the two discs together. The reverse is undecorated. A cream patina is on the surface. The seal measures 20.85mm in diameter, 3.14mm in thickness and weighs 5.90g

YORYM-F10139: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete and damaged rivet type cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1750 – 1850. The seal comprises two circular discs, one with a perforation at the centre, which are now separated. Originally the two would have been joined by compressing the rivet from one disc through the perforation on the second, thus leaving an impression of text. The only text which can now be sufficiently determined is on the central flattened rivet which reads: LEEDS. The reverse is flat and has scratched numerals which appear to read: 4 / x5 / 8 around the edges. The metal has a dark brown patina and is worn. The seal is 31.4mm in diameter, 4.3mm thick and weighs 12.5g. Stuart Elton (2017, page 147 onwards) lists some similar cloth seals and notes that the scratched symbols are often numerals, which on Leeds seals appear to be much higher numbers than are usually seen on other cloth seals, suggesting that they record something other than the length and weight of the cloth as is usual. Ref: Elton, S. F (2017) Cloth Seals: An Illustrated Guide to the Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth. London: Archaeopress Archaeology

YORYM-AE550B: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, AD 1673. The seal is of the four disc alnage type joined by an integral central strip. The two discs closest to the strip bear stamped decoration. The first bears the shield of England; the second has four lines of text which read: DO[-]//[-]BLE//BAYES//1673. The remaining two discs appear undecorated. The metal is a light brown/white patina and is worn. The seal is 30.3mm long, 14.9mm wide, 3.4mm thick and weighs 7g. Alnage seals were used from the 16th to 18th centuries to show that the necessary taxes on goods had been paid.

YORYM-3E5912: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1500 – 1700. The seal is circular with broken and worn edges and the remains of a sprue or attachment strip projecting to one edge. One surface has a raised central pellets with three concentric rings around it. The reverse bears faint traces of lettering, possibly numerals, likely to have related to the contents of the package it sealed. These letters cannot be determined with confidence. The metal has a light brown patina and is worn. The seal is 23.7mm long, 21.9mm wide, 2.8mm thick and weighs 5.7g.

YORYM-637CBE: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete possible lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1500 – 1700. The seal is sub-circular with broken and worn edges. One surface has a raised central pellet with two concentric rings around it. The reverse has a prominent irregular ridge. The metal has a light brown patina and is worn. The object is 18.3mm long, 15.6mm wide, 6.9mm thick and weighs 3.7g.

YORYM-1684C3: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead alloy cloth seal dating to the late Medieval to Post-Medieval period (c. AD 1500-1700). It is annular, the front face bearing a smaller disc than the one behind. The edge of the front disc is surrounded by a beaded border and encompasses an armorial shield depicting a hanging sheep. The hanging sheep is part of the coat of arms of the City of Leeds. The reverse disc is plain, but inscribed in two field with characters that are probably all numeric. A proposed reading of the numerals is '104 / 5514' with the two igures divided by a lateral incision. Similar examples have been recorded by the PAS, including YORYM-D45BF4, SWYOR-A77F66, and DUR-AE5581. Diameter: 34.3mm, thickness: 3.5mm, weight: 16.3g.

YORYM-98FB6B: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1600 - 1700. The object is one half of a two disc seal. It comprises a circular disc with an integral rivet to the reverse. The upper surface of the disc is stamped with two lines of Roman numerals reading: XVII[-]//XVIII[-]. The metal has a mid-brown patina and is worn. The seal is 19.6mm in diameter, 4.9mm thick and weighs 3.1g. Similar seals are discussed in Egan (1995) p.59. This was likely a cloth seal used by a weaver, dyer or searcher. The use of Roman numerals to denote length or weight of materials is known from seals of later 16th to 17th-century date. Ref: Egan G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related items in the British Museum. London: British Museum Occasional Paper 93.

YORYM-7DC4F5: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is one remaining disc of a probable four disc type. It is flat and circular in form and is decorated on one face with the arms of Stuart Britain within a beaded border. The opposite side of the disc is flat and undecorated. The metal is a light brownish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 21.4mm in diameter and weighs 3.3g. The arms indicate a date range for the current example in the 17th century AD, c.1603-1707 AD.

YORYM-920BE5: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the four disc type joined by an integral central strip. One of the discs is stamped with the numerals "XXXX//W". The disc on the opposite side is stamped with "[-]LVX//[-]" and the disc next to this reads "[--]6[-]//[--]OR[--]//[--]6[--]". The metal is a light brownish-white colour and is worn. The seal is 40.3mm long, 20.6mm wide, 5.2mm thick and weighs 18g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used between the 13th and 19th centuries as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. It is likely that the text refers to the type of material as well as its size and weigh and provenance. The "OR" visible on one of the discs may refer to York with a date of issue above or below.

YORYM-7BFBA3: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead possible cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1600 - 1800. The object is sub-rectangular with worn breaks to the shorter ends. One surface is stamped with a harp. The other side may also bear a design though it is now too worn to be determined. The metal has a dark grey patina and is worn. The object is 23.8mm long, 21.2mm wide, 2.2mm thick and weighs 4.9g. Similar examples of square cloth seals have been recorded as LVPL-C30884 and HAMP-B2FC05.

YORYM-7C19C8: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1600 - 1800. The object is circular with worn stubs to either end from which further discs would have been attached. One surface is stamped with a crown while the other side is flat and undecorated. The metal has a light brown patina and is worn. The object is 16.2mm long, 13.1mm wide, 1.1mm thick and weighs 1.5g.

YORYM-791F27: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy probable cloth seal of medieval to post-medieval date (1400-1900AD). Only part of the discs and the rivet remain. The reverse flat surface of the riveted disc has irregular and crossing shallow incisions. The decorated face is worn and only a small area of decoration remains. This decoration consists of crossing lines possibly forming a raised lattice pattern. The metal is a grey-cream colour. The object is 20.04mm in length, 18.68mm wide, 2.91mm thick and weighs 2.80g. Cloth seals are cast in one piece, and consist of two discs with a connecting strip. One of the discs has a rivet, and when the strip is folded over this rivet is placed through a corresponding hole on the other disc. The rivet is then bent over and flattened and the seal stamped with one, or between two, dies (matrices) (Egan 1994, p.4). Stamped lead seals were attached to cloths as part of the system of regulation and quality control for commercial trade. In England cloth seals also indicated that a payment of tax had been made to the crown (Egan 1994, p.1).

YORYM-C8588A: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the four disc alnage type joined by an integral central strip. The two discs closest to the strip bear stamped decoration. The first bears the crowned letters KRS while the reverse bears an anchor flanked by the date 164[-] both within raised circular beaded border. The remaining two discs appear undecorated though one has a perforation through which a central rivet from the other disc is pressed to seal it. The metal is a light grey colour. The seal is 25.6mm long, 11.1mm in diameter, 4.8mm thick and weighs 5g.

YORYM-CADE3C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy post-medieval cloth seal (1400-1900AD). All that remains is the folded connecting strip of the cloth seal, the discs are missing. The edges are worn presumably through post-depositional processes suggesting the seal was damaged during use. One half of the strip has two longitudinal grooves most likely wear through use. Cloth seals are cast in one piece, and consist of two discs with a connecting strip. One of the discs has a rivet, and when the strip is folded over this rivet is placed through a corresponding hole on the other disc. The rivet is then bent over and flattened and the seal stamped with one, or between two, dies (matrices) (Egan 1994, p.4). Stamped lead seals were attached to cloths as part of the system of regulation and quality control for commercial trade. In England cloth seals also indicated that a payment of tax had been made to the crown (Egan 1994, p.1). The metal is a light grey-cream colour. The object is 24.59mm in length, 13.99mm wide, 4.78mm thick and weighs 10.36g.

YORYM-FA3654: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type joined by an integral central strip. The upper face is stamped with three lines of text: [--]V[--]//(H)AGE//656. The reverse is undecorated. The metal has a dark brownish-grey patina and is worn. The seal is 23.8mm in diameter, 3.5mm thick and weighs 8.8g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed. They were widely used in the England from the late fourteenth to the early nineteenth century.

YORYM-35FBAC: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is one disc, probably from a two disc type joined by an integral central strip and sealed by compressing a central rivet. The front of the seal bears the raised design of a pinecone or thistle device. To the reverse, the rivet remains with a flat top which bears the remains of the stamped letter 'A'. The 'A' and pinecone design indicates the seal will have originated in Augsburg, Germany as the pinecone is the heraldic badge of the city. It is suggested that such seals were attached to fustians, a variety of heavy cloth woven from cotton and chiefly prepared for menswear, and date to the 16th or 17th century. The metal is a mid-brown colour. The seal is 17.8mm in diameter, 4.5mm thick and weighs 4.5g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards. Similar seals have been recorded on the PAS database as: YORYM-0C7954, SOM-83F4E6, SOM-516797, SOM-35D010 and NMS-3780C6.

YORYM-DADD3A: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type joined by an integral central strip and sealed by compressing a central rivet. The front of the seal bears a quadruped left and the reverse bears indistinguishable text in two, possibly three, lines. The metal has a dark brown patina and is worn. The seal is 20.3mm in diameter, 4mm thick and weighs 9.4g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. Unlike bale seals cloth seals typically comprise two disc joined by a connecting strip which were folded around each side of a textile and stamped closed. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-80D8DC: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1660 - 1727. The seal is of the four disc alnage type joined by an integral central strip. The two discs closest to the strip bear stamped decoration. The first bears a right facing bust; the second a crowned harp with the numeral 4 to the left. The remaining two discs appear undecorated though one has a perforation through which a central rivet from the other disc is pressed to seal it. The metal is a light brown/white patina and is worn. The seal is 37.2mm long, 13.7mm in diameter, 5.5mm thick and weighs 6.9g. Alnage seals were used from the 16th to 18th centuries to show that the necessary taxes on goods had been paid. Geoff Egan (1994, 60) discusses this large series of alnage seals with the monarchs head and various heraldic devices flanked by the subsidy rate in pence, stating that 'the relief designs [--] are characterised by fine detail resulting from well-engraved dies'. The series lasted from the Restoration to George I although the only example he publishes with a crowned harp is Charles II (1660-1685).

YORYM-2A47B2: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type with the upper disc stamped with the Tudor royal shield within a circular border. The lower disc is extremely worn rendering any detail illegible. The metal is a mid whitish-brown colour and is worn. The seal is 18.7mm in diameter, 3.3mm thick and weighs 3.5g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control.

YORYM-159B05: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central rivet and linked by an integral stem. The upper disc bears traces of a now indistinct design and the lower disc is undecorated. Traces of organic material, most probably leather, remain between the two discs. The metal is a mid whitish-brown colour and is worn. The seal is 23mm long (including stem), 18.6mm in diameter, 3.6mm thick and weighs 5.1g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

YORYM-26B826: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central rivet. The upper disc bears traces of a now indistinct design with illegible circumferential legend and the lower disc is undecorated. The metal is a mid whitish-brown colour and is worn. The seal is 23.7mm in diameter, 4.6mm thick and weighs 11.5g. Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles and were common from the late 16th century onwards.

An incomplete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type though the majority of the reverse disc has been lost along with the connecting strip. The front surface bears the raised design of the letter "A" within a circumferential border. What remains on the reverse is a series of pellets which may represent a pinecone. The seal is 19.3mm in diameter, 3.8mm thick and weighs 4.7g. The 'A' and pinecone design indicates the seal is likely to have originated in Augsburg, Germany as the pinecone is the heradlic badge of the city. It is suggested that such seals were attached to fustians, a variety of heavy cloth woven from cotton and chiefly prepared for menswear, and date to the 16th or 17th century. Similar seals have been recorded on the PAS database as: SOM-516797, SOM-35D010 and NMS-3780C6.

YORYM-117EE0: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1500 – 1750. The cloth seal is of the two-disc type though only one disc remains intact. The upper surface of the remaining disc is stamped on the upper surface with an indistinct design, possibly the letter ‘P’. A thick compressed circular rivet remains at the centre of the reverse, possibly with the partial remains of the reverse disc to the tip. The metal has a light brown/white patina and is in fair condition. The seal is 22.3mm in diameter, 4.9mm thick and weighs 6.4g. Cloth seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence. They are generally made of either two or four discs connected by a strip. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group to close it. Cloth seals began to be applied in the medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards and the alnage was administered until 1724. Ref: Webley, R. (2017) Cloth Seals: (accessed /01/2023).

YORYM-A633EB: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.1500-1700. It is an annular disc with an irregularly exterior edge. The obverse and reverse features no clear, stamped decoration. The lead is pale cream in colour. It measures 28.25mm in diameter, 2.61mm in thickness and 7.78g in weight.

YORYM-C5E35C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1400 – 1900. The cloth seal is of the two-disc type though only one disc remains intact sealed by a central rivet. One surface is stamped with a five-pointed star. The other side appears plain. The metal has a light brown/white patina and is in fair condition. The seal is 21.8mm in diameter, 4.7mm thick and weighs 7.2g. Cloth seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence. They are generally made of either two or four discs connected by a strip. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group to close it. Cloth seals began to be applied in the medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards and the alnage was administered until 1724. Cloth seals continued to be used into the 19th century. Ref: Webley, R. (2017) Cloth Seals: (accessed 15/12/2023).

YORYM-D44C18: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1500 – 1750. The cloth seal is of the two-disc type though only one disc remains intact. The upper surface of the remaining disc is stamped on the upper surface with the number 2 and other indistinct linear markings. The metal has a light brown/white patina and is in fair condition. The seal is 18.6mm in diameter, 2.7mm thick and weighs 2.5g. Cloth seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence. They are generally made of either two or four discs connected by a strip. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group to close it. Cloth seals began to be applied in the medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards and the alnage was administered until 1724. Ref: Webley, R. (2017) Cloth Seals: (accessed 29/06/2023).

YORYM-E401C4: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete two or four disc lead-alloy cloth seal of post medieval date, c. AD 1603-1714. It consists of a disc with a protruding fragment of the connecting strip. The outer face of the disc has a stamped motif with the royal arms of the House of Stuarts, the other face is undecorated. The seal has a pale cream coloured patina with worn edges. It measures 16.79mm in length, 12.22mm in width, 1.64mm in thickness and weighs 1.03g.

YORYM-F58870: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1700 – 1900. The cloth seal is of the two-disc type joined by an integral strip and sealed by a central rivet. One surface is stamped with text around the edge reading FRANCIS MAUDE WAKEFIELD around an interlaced design of the letters F/M//W flanking a vertical line topped by the number 4. The metal has a mid-brown patina and is in fair condition. The seal is 41.7mm long, 29.9mm in diameter, 5.6mm thick and weighs 17.8g. A Francis Maude was Chief Constable of Wakefield in 1764 (see: Walkers History - Chief Constables (wakefieldfhs.org.uk)) Cloth seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence. They are generally made of either two or four discs connected by a strip. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group to close it. Cloth seals began to be applied in the medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards and the alnage was administered until 1724. Cloth seals continued to be used into the 19th century. Ref: Webley, R. (2017) Cloth Seals: (accessed 28/02/2024).

YORYM-D2E2A6: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy probable cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.1500-1900. It is an annular disc with an irregular exterior edge. The obverse depicts text in three lines which appears to read NO[-] L [-]LOT. Stars are also depicted on this surface with two small stars either side of the middle row of text and a larger star below the text. The reverse does not appear to be decorated. The lead-alloy is pale cream in colour. The object measures 14.41mm in diameter, 1.49mm in thickness and 1.35g in weight. Cloth seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence. They are generally made of either two or four discs connected by a strip. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group to close it. Cloth seals began to be applied in the Medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards and the alnage was administered until 1724. Cloth seals continued to be used into the 19th century. Ref: Webley, R. (2017) Cloth Seals: (accessed 09/01/2024).

YORYM-D38338: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy probable cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.1500-1900. It is an sub-circular disc with an irregular rectangular section. The obverse depicts a lion rampant set within a sub-circular cell. Both sides of the seal are very worn, meaning that further decoration on this side or any on the reverse can be determined. The obverse possibly depicts a simplification of the Dutch coat of arm. The lead-alloy is pale cream in colour. The object measures 12.61mm in diameter, 1.68mm in thickness and 1.71g in weight. Cloth seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence. They are generally made of either two or four discs connected by a strip. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group to close it. Cloth seals began to be applied in the Medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards and the alnage was administered until 1724. Cloth seals continued to be used into the 19th century. Ref: Webley, R. (2017) Cloth Seals: (accessed 09/01/2024).

YORYM-6E9D0C: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead-alloy cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1400 – 1900. The cloth seal is of the two-disc type with the two discs connected by a strip and sealed by a central rivet. The strip would have formed a loop which is now deformed and filled with organic material. One disc features a central integral rivet which joins with a perforation in the second disc. One surface is stamped with a unclear design, all that remains of this is a small arc. The other side appears plain. The metal has a light brown/white patina and is in fair condition. The seal is 15.01mm in diameter, 23.47mm in length (with the strip), 4.79mm thick and weighs 5.21g. Cloth seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence. They are generally made of either two or four discs connected by a strip. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group to close it. Cloth seals began to be applied in the Medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards and the alnage was administered until 1724. Cloth seals continued to be used into the 19th century. Ref: Webley, R. (2017) Cloth Seals: (accessed 05/03/2024).

WMID-59CBB7: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating to the late Medieval - Post Medieval, between AD 1400 - 1650 (length: 29mm; diameter: 20mm; thickness: 4.5mm; weight: 7.2g). The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan and flat in section, with a damaged and flattened suspension loop at the top. It consists of two discs, one perforated to receive an integral rivet on the reverse of the other; the flattened remains of the rivet survive. The artefact appears to be decorated on one side only (the riveted face), where a probable horse, dog or camel is depicted facing right in the incomplete centre. A small border of small zig-zag markings appears around the outside edge to the right of the central animal. There is no other decoration. The seal has a mid grey white colour and is largely incomplete at the back. Overall, the artefact is in a worn but fair condition.

WMID-E04DF1: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal of post-medieval date, probably 16th or 17th century. The seal is sub-circular with the remains of a protrusion emerging from the reverse which would have linked the seal to a companion disc, folded and attached to cloth for sale. The front is inscribed with the letters [S]EARCH[ED], meaning that the cloth has been quality checked. Below, there are the Roman numerals XVII[I?], relating to the length of the cloth. There are also some letters at the top of the seal, although these are indistinct. They may be WX...? Cf. Egan 1994 p.78 and p.181 no.204 & p.86 and p.184 no.244 for other seals marked 'SEARCHED'. It measures 19.18 long, 16.99 mm wide, 4.32 mm thick and weighs 4.3 grams. It has a pale brown patina.

WMID4252: CLOTH SEAL
The cloth seal is made up of two sub-circular discs which are connected by a strip. The strip has been folded and the discs joined. Disc one has a rivet which protrudes through the hole in disc two and has then been flattened, with an illegible design impressed on the surface. On disc one there is also lettering.

WMID4734: CLOTH SEAL
The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan. The seal is made of two discs connected with a strip. On disc has a rivet which protrudes through the hole in the other rivet. The connecting strip has broken. The rivets has been flattened and has a stamped design. The design is a lion rampant holding a short ?staff within a shield shaped border. In the upper right hand corner there are three lozenge shapes. The reverse has letters stamped, [ ] C C // 134.

WMID-D46848: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal possibly dating to the 17th century. The object consists of a rectangular shaped folded flat piece of lead alloy, that has a join slightly off centre. On the front face is a stamped crown motif with initials below. It is possible the initials are W R as seen on other examples recorded on the database. It is thought that these represent William III. The object has a well developed cream to light brown coloured surface patina. Parallels recorded on the database include SUR-4A1A51 and SUR-D4A044 both with the crown and WR initials and both discovered in Oxfordshire. The object measures 24.5 mm in length, 14.6 mm in width, 4.3 mm in thickness and weighs 10.7 grams.

WMID-1FCE11: CLOTH SEAL
Rally ID: 196 An incomplete lead two disc cloth seal. it is uniface with IC stamped on it. it is probably dating from AD 1600 - 1700. The adjoining ribbon is missing. Length 19.71mm Width 17.02mm Weight 7.4g

WMID-DEA72E: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead or lead alloy Cloth Seal of the Late Medieval to Post Medieval period, circa AD 1400 - AD 1650. The seal was probably part of a four part seal, as neither a rivet or a hole are present on the remaining part of the seal. One circular disc and an connecting strip are present. The rest is missing, presumed lost in antiquity. The decoration on the front and reverse of the object is unclear, however on the obverse it is possible to see the remains of an inscription '[ ]OL[ ]' anything more is difficult to see. The object measures 25.8 mm in length and has a width/diameter of 16.8 mm. It has a thickness of 2.4 mm and weighs 3.7 g. The object is a mid grey in colour and has an uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Other examples of this type of seal can be found in Egan (1992). The remains of the inscription ([ ]OL[ ]) on this object may suggest this is possibly an example of a Colchester Seal dating from the 16th - 18th century (Egan (1992), pg 2, fig 11a), but it is difficult to be sure.

WMID-811FD3: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two part lead or lead alloy cloth seal, of probable Post Medieval dating (16th to 18th Centuries AD). The cloth seal consists of two circular discs, secured together with a intergral rivet, hammered flat. No traces of a connecting strip between the two discs survive. One disc has an incuse capital letter H with a smaller letter X below it. The other disc appears to have a capital letter A within a wreath on it. Soil is present between both discs. It measures 18.5 mm in diameter and is 3.6 mm thick. Each disc is 1.5 mm thick. It weighs 6.3 g. The cloth seal is a mid grey to off white colour, with an even surface patina. Several similar cloth seals have been recorded on the PAS database, all are considered to be Post Medieval in dating (16th to 18th Centuries AD). These examples include: BH-966FC0; BH-FDA367 and NMS-437F62.

WMID-85FE5B: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead or lead alloy possible cloth seal of possible late Medieval to Post Medieval dating (AD 1500 - AD 1800). The object is sub triangular in shape and sub rectangular in section. The object would have been circular in plan but has been folded twice on the reverse. The object has a semi circle of pellets on the obverse located above the letters 'WIS' the rest of the insciption is illegible or hidden. There appears to be no other decoration on the seal. The object measures 13.4 mm in length and is 9.8 mm wide. It has a thickness of 4.2 mm and weighs 1.3 g. The object is a mid grey in colour with an even patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail.

WMID-B1EFF7: CLOTH SEAL
An incompletelead or lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating to the late Medieval - Post Medieval period, between AD 1400 - 1600. Cloth seals originally comprised either two or four conjoined discs. In this example,only one disc with the integral rivet is present. The other discs are missing, presumed lost in antiquity. The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan and slightly concave in section on the obverse. It consists of one disc, the reverse shows the flattened remains of the rivet, where it would have connected to the cloth. The front face of the cloth seal exhibits a central five petalled rose, with a central pellet, within a circular cartouche. Five lozenge shaped leaves are present between the petals. The worn inscription is located around the edge of the circular cartouche and starts with an initial mark of a crown. It is possible to read:[ BVRT[ ]NE.. A break is present on the outside of the disc, opposite the crown, this is where it was joined to the other disc. The seal has a light grey/light brown colour and is largely incomplete. Overall, the artefact is in a worn but fair condition. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. The cloth seal has a diameter of 19.4 mm, and is 5.1 mm thick. It weighs 4.6 g. The cloth is a light to mid grey colour, with an even surface patina. As the inscription can not be easily read, it is hard to determine where the cloth seal was originally issued, but it is probably Late Medieval to Early Post Medieval in dating (AD 1400 to AD 1600).

WMID-558FD9: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating to the late Medieval - Post Medieval, between AD 1400 - 1600. The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan and slightly concave in section. It consists of one disc, the reverse shows the flattened remains of the rivet survive, it seems to have been bent slightly at an angle. The artefact appears to be decorated on one side only (the riveted face), where a probable horse, dog or camel with a long tail is depicted facing right in the centre. There is no other decoration. The seal has a mid grey/light brown colour and is largely incomplete. Overall, the artefact is in a worn but fair condition. Diameter: 19.4 mm Thickness: 4.1 mm Weight: 4.4 g

WMID-5EC199: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead or lead alloy cloth seal. The seal is sub-circular with a partial connecting lug at one end and evidence of a lug connection at the opposite end suggesting either disc 2 or 3 of a four-disc seal. The face of the seal disc depicts a coat-of-arms comprising a shield in four quarters. The top right quarter of the sheild depicts a lion rampant; the bottom left quarter depicts a harp. The remaining two quarters of the shield are further sub-divided into four quarters, each one showing three lis in the top left and bottom right and three lions passant in the other two quarters. The reverse of the seal disc is plain and undecorated. The object is 19.4 mm long, 12.1 mm wide and 2.1 mm in thickness (or height). The object weighs 1.7 g.

WMID-CC1584: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal, of Medieval to Post Medieval dating (AD 1400 to AD 1600). One circular disc is present, probably the remains of a two part cloth seal. A triangular rivet is present in the centre of the reverse. The obverse depicts a crowned rose (a five petalled flower with a central pellet). Part of an inscription can be read: BVRT. It has a diameter of 20.6 mm and is 3.3 mm thick. It weighs 4.6 g. A similar cloth seal has been recorded on the PAS database as WMID-B1EFF7.

WMID-601C89: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead alloy cloth seal of probable Post Medieval dating, circa 1500-1700. The seal comprises of two circular disks, broadly the same size, and a connecting strip. One face with the flattened rivet in it, has a beaded border and then a merchant or privy mark consisting probably of the number 4 and a five pointed star. The reverse face is undecorated. It measures 23.1 mm in length, 17.1 mm diameter of the disks and 4.5 mm thick. It weighs 7.4 g. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. The cloth seal is in poor condition as a result of damage probably caused by movement in the plough soil. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown present. Reference: Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press.

WMID-2478D8: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead alloy cloth seal probably dating to the Post Medieval period, circa 1500-1700. The seal comprises of two circular disks, broadly the same size, and a connecting strip. One face has an incised HO with C below all in capitals. The opposing face has the initials F F incised in capitals. The lower half of the first F is worn. The seal has a cream coloured patina. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown present. The seal measures 34.1 mm in length, 18.9 mm in width, Thickness 3.8 mm. Weight: 9 grams. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press. Saunders, P. (2001) Medieval Catalogue part 3. Salisbury, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum.

WMID-65F2E6: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy bag or cloth seal, of probable Post medieval dating (AD 1700 to AD 1800). The seal consists of two circular discs, joined by a rectangular strip. The top disc is circular with traces of writing around the edge. The inscription is incomplete but it is possible to read [ ]GOT[ ]. On the back of the top disc is a triangular rivet, which extends through a central hole on the lower disc. Several punch marks are present around the hole on the lower disc. The seal measures 28.2 mm in length, 20.3 mm wide and 7.1 mm thick. It weighs 10.0 g. The seal is a light to mid grey colour, with an even surface patina. No direct parallel to a manufacturer of lead bag seals has been found at the time of recording.

WMID-479108: CLOTH SEAL
A lead or lead alloy rivet from a cloth or bag seal, of Late Medieval to Early Post medieval dating (15th to 17th Centuries AD). One disc of either a two or four part seal is present, consisting of the rivet end. The rivet is conical shaped, but now bent over and not straight. It has a circular base, with a small rectangular strip at one side. This strip would have attached it to the other discs in the cloth or bag seal. The rivet has a base diameter of 12.0 mm and is 8.6 mm tall. It weighs 2.3 g. The rivet is a light grey colour, with an even surface patina. More complete examples of cloth seals have been recorded on the PAS database, including: LIN-1019D4, SWYOR-1CBDE6 and YORYM-5BF18D.

WMID-AFF972: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead alloy cloth seal probably dating to the Post Medieval period, circa 1500-1700. The seal comprises of two circular disks, broadly the same size, and a connecting strip. One face has a depiction of a rampant lion in light relief. The opposing face has the initial 'R' plus a number of small circular pellets surrounding. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. The cloth seal is in poor condition as a result of damage probably caused by movement in the plough soil. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown present. The seal measures 23.5 mm in length, 14.6 mm in width, Thickness 3.1 mm. Weight: 3.4g. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press. Saunders, P. (2001) Medieval Catalogue part 3. Salisbury, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum.

WMID-015AD7: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy probable cloth seal of Post Medieval date (c. AD 1600-1700). The object is sub-circular in form, and appears to consist of the main disc that has a rim on the reverse as with a cap. At the centre of the face is a stamped motif in low relief depicting a shield with capital R in Blackletter script. Above the shield is a plain cross. The central motif is set within a circular border. The upper surface has been depressed at its centre with the edge raised up slightly. Depressions are apparent at 12 o'clock and 8 o'clock around the edge. See PAS record HAMP-427004 for a comparable example. The overall dimensions are as follows: 27mm in diameter, 5.9mm in thickness and 6.6g in weight.

WMID-BBF767: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead or lead alloy two part cloth or trade seal, of Early Post Medieval dating (AD 1600 to AD 1800). Around 50% of the seal is present, consisting of parts of both sides. Each side would have originally been circular in shape, with a rectangular link between them. Disc 1 consists of an incomplete trade or merchant's mark. The merchant's mark consists of a captial letter P, with a horizontal cross bar underneath. The rest of the mark is unclear. Disc 2 appears to be blank. The seal measures 19.6 mm in length, 13.2 mm wide and 3.4 mm thick. It weighs 3.2 g. The cloth seal is a light grey colour, with an even surface patina.

WMID-BB30F7: CLOTH SEAL
An almost complete lead cloth seal probably dating around the late Medieval to Post Medieval period (c. AD 1400 - 1800). The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan with a broken suspension loop which is rectangular in plan. The seal consists of two discs, one perforated to receive the integral rivet on the reverse of the other. The perforated disc has folded back on itself on one edge where it has broken away from the central rivet, the other edge of this disc has broken away completely around the line of the rivet. This damage probably occurred in the ploughsoil. There is decoration on the face of the rivet disc in the form of the merchant's mark, which shows the initials G and B either side of a central raised column shape. In addition, there is a raised decorative border around the perimeter of the seal. There is no clear evidence of a suspension loop which may well have been present and broken off. The seal is light grey in colour.

WMID-A0C177: CLOTH SEAL
Eight cloth seals discovered in the same vicinity. The largest measures 36.6 mm in diameter and 8.9 mm in thickness and the smallest is 23.6 mm in diameter and 8.6 mm in thickness. Total weight of the eight cloth seals is 50 grams. The seals are formed of two circular discs, one perforated to receive the integral rivet on the reverse of the other. The two discs are connected by a rectangular strip. There are many cloth seals recorded on the PAS database; WMID-AFF972 also depicts a rampant lion similar to one of the eight recorded here. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests they date from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press.

WMID-3E5661: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead alloy possible cloth seal or token of Post-medieval date, circa (AD 1600-1800). The object is sub-circular in plan. If the lead alloy object is a cloth seal it would have probably comprised of 2 disks and a connecting strip. These are now missing, leaving one disk remaining. There is a small area on the edge of the object where the patina is abraded, this could be where the connecting strip was damaged and broken in the plough soil. Alternatively the object could be a token. The front face has a raised motif within a circle; due to wear it is difficult to distinguish the design. The reverse is undecorated. The object has a cream coloured patina across all surfaces. Saunders (2001:figs 19-27) shows a wide variety of cloth seals with numerous marks which were put on commercially produced cloths as part of a system of industrial regulation. The token measures 18.44mm diameter, is 3.64mm thick and weighs 6.6 grams Saunders, P. (2001) Medieval Catalogue part 3. Salisbury, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum.

WMID-877159: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal probably dating to the late Medieval - Post Medieval period, between AD 1400 - 1800. The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan and flat in section, with a flattened suspension loop at the top which is rectangular in plan. The seal consists of two discs, one perforated to receive an integral rivet on the reverse of the other; the flattened remains of the rivet survive and are oval in shape. The artefact appears to be decorated on one side only (the riveted face) with a shield. The shield has three five pointed stars in a row in the upper portion. The lower half of the shield is decorated with horizontal stripes. There appears to be a design in the centre which may possibly be zoomorphic. This heraldic device is the Arms of the city of Leeds. There is no other decoration on the opposing face. The seal has suffered some damage to the outer edges in places, however overall it is in worn but good condition. The seal is a mid-grey to cream colour. The seal measures 26.73mm wide, 38.39mm long and 3.51mm thick. The weight is 13.8g.

WMID-4620CC: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal probably dating to the Post Medieval period, circa 1500-1700. The seal comprises of two disks, of unequal size, and a connecting strip. The seal is missing the lower half of both disks, possibly due to old breaks. On the back face the integral rivet is visible; it has a flattened sub-oval face that is formed when it has been pushed through and attached from the reverse of the opposing disc. The front face is decorated with the partial remains of some lettering. The letters "ORD" are visible. There is also a raised pellet below the 'D'. The opposing disc appears to have a raised linear motif, although it is worn and only partially remaining, therefore it is difficult to establish the design. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. The partially surviving cloth seal is in poor condition as a result of damage probably caused by movement in the plough soil. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown. The seal measures 22.24mm in length, 16.08mm in width, Thickness 6.94 mm. Weight: 6.4g. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press. Saunders, P. (2001) Medieval Catalogue part 3. Salisbury, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum.

WMID-984F6D: CLOTH SEAL
Two lead alloy cloth seals probably dating to the Post Medieval period, circa AD 1500-1700. Seal one comprises two disks, of unequal size, and the remains of a connecting strip. The front face is decorated with a stamped decoration comprising of the initials AR conjoined with a crown above. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. The partially surviving cloth seal is in poor condition and is partially missing the outer edges and strip. The seal measures 17.46mm in length, 11.68mm in width, Thickness 3.80 mm. Weight: 2.9g. Seal two comprises two disks, of fairly equal size and the connecting strip. The front and reverse face are possibly decorated however the detail is now lost. One face appears to have the outlines of a rectangle in light relief. The surfaces of the seal are very worn with a grey coloured patina. The seal measures 16.03mm in length, 11.50mm in width, Thickness 4.33 mm. Weight: 3.3g. The crowned AR initials are a royal ligature of Queen Anne (AD 1702 to AD 1714). Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. In this case, numbers 145 and 152 bear a similar design. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press. Saunders, P. (2001) Medieval Catalogue part 3. Salisbury, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum.

WMID-7B60A1: CLOTH SEAL
One half of a lead cloth seal of medieval to post-medieval date. It is sub-circular in shape and the one remaining side has the legend AM with a line above and below, within a circle of pellets. There is a slight lug on one side the other half extended. The reverse has a tag for attachment to the missing side when it was folded over.

WMID-5D1F32: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead or lead alloy two part cloth seal, of Early Post Medieval dating (AD 1600 to AD 1700). The cloth seal is circular in plan, and consists of two circular discs pressed together. Disc 1 has been mistruck, with the legend and part of the device missing. Disc 2 is complete with the pellet border. Disc 1 is unclear but probably depicts an sword with mullets (stars) around it. Disc 2 depicts the numeral '40 1/2' at the centre, surrounded by a pellet border. The cloth seal has a diameter of 11.4 mm and is 2.7 mm thick. It weighs 2.1 g. The cloth seal is a light grey colour, with an even surface patina. It is probable that this cloth seal is of a type associated with imports from Haarlem in the Netherlands of a fine linen known in England as 'holland' (Egan 1994, 110; ref. 321). Disc 1 should bear a moulded shield with the city arms: sword erect, four mullets to sides, cross potent in chief. Other similar cloth seals are inscribed around the edge 'HAERLEMS GOET' ('goods from Haarlem'). The numeral on Disc 2 represents the measured length of the piece in Dutch ells (ibid., 110). An example for cloth of 19.5 Dutch ells can be found illustrated in Egan (1994, 194, ref. 321). This example is slightly different to other cloth seals recorded on the PAS database, as it has a crown above the Haarlem city arms shield. Egan (1994, 110) notes that Haarlem was the finishing centre for the linens, rather than the location of the weaving. The clear waters near the Kennemerland coast was particularly suited to the bleaching process, and products of the looms of a wide catchment area in the Netherlands and beyond were brought to the area for this finishing process after which they would have been sealed with Haarlem stamps. A large number of Haarlem linens were sent to the early American colonies. At the time of recording, there are 27 Haarlem cloth seals recorded on the PAS database, including: NLM-760825, HAMP-677B16, IOW-1BB217, HAMP-1BEA21 and HAMP-32C363. Reference: Egan, G., 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum, British Museum Occasional Papers, 93 London : Department of Medieval and Later Antiquities, British Museum

WMID-D857A9: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead or lead alloy cloth seal of the Post Medieval period, dating from c. AD 1540 - c. AD 1700. The seal is broadly circular in plan and rectangular in section. The seal is made of two discs connected with a strip. One disc has a rivet which protrudes through the hole in the other rivet. The connecting strip is present as a flat rectangular strip protruding from the base. It has been broken, presumed in antiquity. The strip is twisted. The rivets have been flattened and has a stamped design on the surface. The design on the front face consists of a crowned flat topped shield with a lion rampant left, holding small staff. The reverse face has been stamped with the numbers 36 in relief, there is a six pointed star in relief above the 3 and a scroll work design below however due to wear the detail is now difficult to decipher. The object measures 30.7 mm in length and is 19.7 mm wide at the top, the strip is 9.5 mm wide. It has a thickness at the discs of 7.5 mm. It weighs 16.8 g The object is a light to mid brown in colour with an uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Other broadly similar examples have been recorded on the database including DENO-2FE836, FAKL-EB6E59, WMID4734 and DENO-D823E9.

WMID-536F42: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal of probable Post Medieval dating, circa 1500-1700. The seal comprises of two circular disks, broadly the same size, and a connecting strip. One face with the flattened rivet in it, has a plain border with the letters OSW and then an unclear merchant or privy mark in the centre. The design is incomplete. The reverse face is undecorated. It measures 18.3 mm in length, 16.5 mm diameter of the disks and 4.3 mm thick. It weighs 4.7 g. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown present. Reference: Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press.

WMID-539C62: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal of probable Post Medieval dating, circa 1500-1700. The seal comprises of one circular disk, with remains of attachment tabs to either side, indicating it was originally a 4 four cloth seal. The design is unclear and involves a horseshoe with a figure or harp inside it. The reverse face is undecorated. It measures 13.9 mm in length, 11.1 mm diameter of the disks and 1.3 mm thick. It weighs 0.9 g. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown present. Reference: Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press.

WMID-2E6AE0: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy four part alnage seal of Anne of England (AD 1702 to AD 1714). Around 50% of the alnage seal is present, consisting of one pair of discs, with rectangular attachment strips to either side. The other pair of discs are missing. One side displays the head of Anne facing left, within a pelleted border. The other side displays a unicorn rampart facing left, with I to the left and 1/2 to the right. It measure 17.5 mm in length, with a diameter of 13.4 mm. It is 2.0 mm thick. It weighs 2.2 g. The alnage seal is a dark grey colour, with an even surface patina. Similar alnage seals have been recorded on the PAS database, including: IOW-2BC624 and LIN-BA2985.

WMID-4F9BC4: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two disc seal cloth seal, displaying a clothworker's personal privy mark, of late 18th to early 19th Centuries Dating AD. The cloth seal is of the two disc type, with a rivet on disc one pushed through a hole on disc 2. Disc 1 does not bear a design. Disc 2 has been stamped with a clothworker's personal privy mark, consisting of the figure 4 with the horizontal leg extended and crossed and the greatly extended vertical leg leading down, with the initials [H]W either side, to a base line curving down at each end and joining to two joined X's. The discs have a diameter of 18.7 mm. The cloth seal measures 26.9 mm in length (including the tab), 20.3 mm wide and 4.4 mm thick. It weighs 7.9 g. The cloth seal is an offwhite to light grey colour, with an even surface patina. A similar privy mark has been included as part of the Clothworker's personal privy marks, noted in Elton 2017, 252. In his section of Clothworkers' personal seals, he notes that the privy mark formed from the figure 4 with extended vertical sitting on XX. Often the weight and length of the cloth are scratched onto the other disc. He notes that few of these marks can be attributed to named individuals. A similar cloth seal has been included as part of Elton's online corpus as BSG.CS.00054. Tentative dating of late eighteenth century to early nineteenth is based on style - see No.220, Fig.31, Geoff Egan, 'Lead cloth seals and related items in the B.M. (B.M. Occasional Paper 93)' - "Clothiers', weavers' & searchers' seals with privy marks etc."

WMID-CFF1E4: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead alloy two disc type cloth seal from St Gallen, Switzerland, of Late Medieval to Early Post Medieval dating (circa 1424-1529). This seal is of the two disc type as it comprises two circular discs riveted together. An eagle facing left within a circular cartouche is on the front disc. The reverse disc has the remains of the rivet in the centre, and the letter S to the right. It measures 26.4 mm in length, 28.0 mm diameter of the disks and 4.0 mm thick. It weighs 11.2 g. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. For similar see No.165, Fig.27, p.73 [Egan, G., Cloth Seals, p.43-86 in Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum Medieval Catalogue, Part 3, ed. Peter Saunders, 2001], “These seals were for linens or fustians (mixed linen and cotton fabrics) from the area around Lake Constance. St Gallen was one of the main centres in Europe for the production of these fine textiles in the late medieval period to which these seals have been attributed … though the apparent later contexts for some parallels found in London may mean the stamps continued in use into the sixteenth century … Probably late 15th-century. The bear is the heraldic device of the canton (the absence of a collar on its neck suggests prima facie a date prior to 1475, after which the bear on coins issued by the canton wears a ceremonial one in this position).” A further three St Gallen seals of this type can be seen in A Group of Seals Found at Bankside from St. Gallen, Linens or Fustians, G. Egan, Transactions of the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society incorporating the Middlesex Local History Council, Volume 31, 1980, Nos. 1, 2, & 3, Pl.1, “The eagle, which appears on many issues, is single-headed from 1424 (the earliest dated coins from here) onwards to an undated series perhaps minted until 1529; from 1563 until well into the next century it is double-headed... Assuming that the dies for the city's cloth seals were, like those for the coins, changed to keep up with the differences in the heraldry, the single-headed eagle... on Nos. 1-3 implies a date for the group prior to the last quarter of the 15th century.” Yet again the distinctive dating feature, in this case the eagles head, is not clear on this seal.

WMID-517CB9: CLOTH SEAL
Two lead alloy Post Medieval cloth seals dated to circa AD 1500 - 1700. The largest complete example measures 21.8 mm in diameter, the length including the projecting strip is 29.3 mm, 3.4 mm in thickness and weighs 8.1 grams. The flat side is undecorated and the opposing side is incomplete however a beaded border is visible with a depiction of three trees with birds depicted on the top. The seal has a dark cream to grey coloured patina. The smaller incomplete example is missing the strip and measures 19.7 mm in diameter and 2.8 mm in thickness. Weight is 3.8 grams. One face is slightly convex and the other side has an incomplete beaded border and has a cast long cross with expanded arms terminating in a triangle. The object has a cream coloured patina. The seals are formed of two circular discs, one perforated to receive the integral rivet on the reverse of the other. The two discs are connected by a rectangular strip. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests they date from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press.

WMID-A36287: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal probably dating to the late Medieval - Post Medieval period (c. AD 1400 - 1800). The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan with a broken suspension loop which is rectangular in plan. The seal consists of two discs, one perforated to receive the integral rivet on the reverse of the other; the flattened remains of the rivet survive and are sub-circular in shape. There is no visible decoration on either side of the seal, however this could be due to the level of wear and corrosion. The cloth seal has been bent, probably in the ploughsoil, and the perforated disc has been split where the suspension loop has broken. The seal is cream in colour. The seal measures 20.82mm wide, 27.28mm long and 6.21mm thick. The weight is 11.83grams.

WMID-27C56E: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead or lead alloy rivet from a cloth or bag seal, of Late Medieval to Early Post medieval dating (15th to 17th Centuries AD). The disc is in two joining fragments. it comprises one disc of either a two or four part seal is present, consisting of the rivet end. The rivet is split, but now bent over and not straight. It has a circular base. The cloth seal measures 24.2 mm in diameter. The metal is 0.8 mm thick. The cloth seal is 4.7 mm thick. It weighs 3.0 g. The rivet is a light grey colour, with an even surface patina. More complete examples of cloth seals have been recorded on the PAS database, including: LIN-1019D4, SWYOR-1CBDE6 and YORYM-5BF18D.

WMID-E8BD91: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete lead cloth seal, consisting of one disc with a rivet which is squashed to the surface. The disc has been broken from the connecting strip, so it is difficult to identify the form of seal, whether two-disc or four-disc for example. The stamp design is also difficult to identify, however there are clearly raised lines, two curved and one straight.

WMID-384F4E: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal, dating to the 17th century. The seal is circular and is just one disc of a large four disc seal from London. The design on the disc depicts an angel facing forward in a pleated dress. She is holding a palm branch in the right hand (with extended arm) and possibly an hour-glass in the left hand (with the arm bent at the elbow). The encircling legend around reads: GLORIA IN EXCELSIS. At 5 o'clock on the obverse is a circular perforation, and above this is a slit that goes up the object to the edge. The cloth seal is grey in colour with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion caused in the plough soil has resulted in a loss of detail. The seal measures: 36.9mm in diameter and has a max thickness of 3.1mm. It weighs 11.8 grams. Originally, this disc would have been part of a string of four which were folded up and secured to the bale of cloth with a tab being pushed through a slot and bent over, like a modern split pin. Cloth seals bearing a facing angel are issued from London, where the angel is a symbol of the city's pious optimism for stable and lasting trade (Egan 1994, p 41) . Parallels can be seen on the PAS database, at: NMGW-A3661B, PUBLIC-4726F3 and SWYOR-F71605.

WILT-5677A5: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post medieval lead two-part cloth seal, unidentified continental import. D.18.1x14.4mm//missing; casting seam and textile impression on reverse; weighs 2.75g. Draped figure facing within pellet border, holding sword. A ?feather extends from the neck to each side of the head// (on rivet) part of (?heraldic convention for fur) Geoff Egan comments: It may possibly be St Pol in France (cf. Egan 1994, British Museum Occasional Paper 93, Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum, no.304) where the heraldic convention for fur may perhaps be what is represented on the rivet. The cloth seal is likely to be 16th/ 17th century in date.

WILT-C500E2: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval two-part lead cloth seal depicting a crown over a portcullis on disc two, with no legend. It is poorly struck. It is 13mm in diameter and weighs 1.94g. -//crown over portcullis Geoff Egan comments: It is late 16th century and apparently an alnage issue. The rather cartoon version of the heraldic motifs, however, suggests it may be a contemporary counterfeit, set illictly on a textile to avoid the cloth tax and/or the quality inspection. Much more interesting to have dark dealings than the system ticking away routinely. Salisbury Museum Medieval Catalogue 3 (2001), nos. 86-9, are also thought to be counterfeit. Nos. 86 and 87 are also missing a legend, as this example is, and may well not have ever had one. The series of crown over portcullis cloth seals are commonly poorly struck.

WILT-19ECC0: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead 4-disc cloth seal, mesuring 24.5x13.5mm and weighing 4.47g. Diameters: 10mm//13.5mm//13.5mm//11mm [SEA]/RCH/ED // - // crown over fleur-de-lis, I R to sides // - The crowned fleur-de-lis and IR stamp dates this seal to the reign of James I. Geoff Egan comments that this often (but probably not exclusively) appears with Devon stamps. Cf. Egan 1994, Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum, p.24 and p.159 no.6. Disc 1 is stamped 'searched' - examined for quality. Cf. Egan 1994 p.78 and p.181 no.204 & p.86 and p.184 no.244.

WILT-5FFE43: CLOTH SEAL
Early Post-Medieval lead two-part cloth seal, measuring 21.25mm in length, 12.96mm in width and weighing 5.14g. 11.88mm//12.03mm Crowned portcullis with legend around, [...]?DT[...]//- 16th/ 17th century in date.

WILT-605718: CLOTH SEAL
Early Post-Medieval lead two-part cloth seal with interconnecting strip, measuring 23.56mm in length, 19.79mm in width and weighing 5.95g. 20.20mm//19.99mm W]OR/STED/REFOR/MED//- A peculiar squiggle on disc two may well be part of a number, now lost, denoting the number of yards of cloth attached. Worsted Reformed seals were produced by the Norwich Weavers' Company for the large national and international market for late 17th century Norfolk worsteds. Reference: Egan, G., 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum. Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London. P.48, Nos.86-90.

WILT-DD2F35: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete early 18th century lead 4-part alnage seal of Queen Anne (1701-14), consisting of discs two and three and their interconnecting strip only. It weighs 2.65g and measures 16.43mm in length. missing//13.93mm//13.96mm//missing (missing) // head of Anne, ANN[A] REGINA around // orb surmounted by cross and with jewelled bands, I to side // (missing) Cf.Egan 1994, 65, ref. 146.

WILT-147BE5: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of Post-Medieval lead four-part cloth-seal, consisting of disc two or three and the interconnecting strip only, plus a damaged edge on the opposite side. It is 13.66mm in diameter and 14.53mm in length. It weighs 1.48g. - // SIT:-OR around S // - // -

WILT-E8FAC3: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Early Post-Medieval (1600-50) lead 2-part cloth seal, comprising disc two only, which has been pierced. It measures 12.87x12.77x1.27mm and weighs 1.3g. The disc bears a crowned thistle with a 1.53mm diameter piercing to its left. The projection for the connecting strip is below and bent back onto the reverse, which is plain. Geoff Egan comments: Compare with my BM catalogue no. 200, though this may well be from a four-disc version - an integrally cast inner disc from an early C17th alnage seal. There could be several reasons for the rough piercing: someone might have fancied it for a cheap pendant (cf. today's charm bracelet) - in the colonial world this kind of thing has occasionally ended up presumably as a piece of 'jewellery' in graves of a native Americans - there could possibly in a very folksy milieu have been similar ideas over here; children playing about; an originally shiny, if not particularly heavy weight/lure for a fishing line; non-bullion tokens were supposed in the later medieval period to be pierced to visually differentiate them (if it was not anyway obvious already) from coins of the realm - the practice might have continued, though this is doubtful. I am sure there are others - basically it is impenetrable if you want one definitive, specific solution.

WILT-81F5A1: CLOTH SEAL
An Early Post-Medieval (1550-1650) lead 2-part cloth seal, weighing 17.18g and measuring 35.78mm in diameter and 41.73mm in length. .:RICHARD:BOX.: + 'ring-and-dot, backwards 3, + 3 ring-and-dot' / SEARCHED +: / FAVL/TIE // LONGH/NAROW/WAIGH / offset W Geoff Egan comments that this is very similar to a series of rectangular cloth seals (cf. Egan 1994 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum; pp.86, 184; no.244) which have the proforma 'length, narrow, weight'. These would have been used on particularly heavy cloths.

WILT-F648C1: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval (1500-1800) two-part lead cloth seal, consisting of disc one and a stub of the broken connecting strip. Measures 20.83x19.83x7.01mm, weighs 4.32g. In the centre of disc one is the large rivet which went through a hole in the other disc and then was stamped flat, holding the two discs together and to the cloth. It is very worn and much of the patination, along with decoration, is lost.

WILT-1CADF2: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval (1450-1550) lead probable cloth-seal, although there is no apparent join between lower and upper half and no sign of rivet or connecting strip. It measures 24.14mm in diameter, is max.2.86mm thick and weighs 9.45g. crown over ornate shield, rose to left, sun to right, ...]NOR' IN COM VVILTEC around // large letter F, rose to left, sun to right, SVBCIDII PANNOR [...]VVIL[... around Geoff Egan comments 'This is a late 15th/ early 16th century seal of alnage of subsidy, with very neatly matched discs and a well concealed rivet '. Cf. Egan 1994 no.104 (disc one) and 110-11 (disc two).

WILT-186444: CLOTH SEAL
Large post medieval lead two-part cloth seal, apparantly plain. It is 25mm in diameter and weighs 10.6g.

WILT-A3EF62: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval lead cloth seal, c. 16th century AD. The seal measures 16mm in diameter and weighs 2.0g. The seal is very worn and is a small fragment. On the front of the fragment there is the bottom of a 'V' on the left hand side which is then followed by a raised circular line which would have continued underneath any other inscription, encircling the central emblem. The emblem here seems to form a shield shape, similar to those found on the Colchester Dutch community broad seals found in Egan, 1994, Lead Cloth Seals - occasional paper, no's 27, 28 and 31, pg 164-5. The reverse of the seal has a rivet placed almost centrally on the fragment. The remainder of the reverse side is plain.

WILT-A43EA3: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval lead cloth seal fragment, c. 16th-17th century AD. The seal measures 25mm in length and is 12mm wide, weighing 3.0g. The seal is very worn with no decoration and forms an irregular rectangle in shape. The front of the seal has a rough patina but the reverse is smooth with a conical knop formed on the right hand side.

WILT-A47EA8: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval lead cloth seal, c. 16th-17th century AD. The seal measures 26mm in length and is 16mm wide, weighing 5.6g. The seal is plain on both sides, with a small horizontal raised line indicated on the side opposite the folded edge of the seal. It is very similar to clothiers'/ weavers'/ searchers' seals in Egan, 1994, Lead Cloth Seals - occasional paper, pg 182-3.

WILT-4A0EA4: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead 2-part cloth seal, measuring 14mm in diameter and 18.5mm in length (with connecting strip). It weighs 2.9g. The 'decorated' face depicts a fleur de lys within a border of tiny vertical lines. 16th/ 17t century.

WILT-7E7BF3: CLOTH SEAL
Disc one of a two disc post medieval lead cloth seal, measuring 17.9x20.1mm and weighing 4.46g. The cloth seal depicts an ox (apparantly a quality symbol) with AV above, for the city name (Augsberg, South Germany). This also appears across the beast's body as AVGSPVRG. The cloth seal is for a fustian (mixed linen and cotton fabric), Augsburg fustians being among the most common of all cloth seals found in this country. Dates to end of 16th century (possibly)/ early 17th century.

WILT-8E4928: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval two-part lead weaver's/ clothier's seal 20.2mm in diameter and 30.7mm in length (including the arm). It weighs 7.20g. The inscription is as follows: DL//HB privy mark with roses, within a beaded border. Initials of the owner with a privy mark was a common inscription. The DL on the first disc are probably the initials of an artisan weaver employed by HB. Dates to late 16th/ early 17th century.

WILT-2233E8: CLOTH SEAL
One half of a post medieval two-piece cast lead Norwich Weaver's Company cloth seal. The fragment is a disc with the inscription "WOR[S]/TED/[R]EFOR[?] on one face. To the right of the second R is a rectangular protrusion that formed the attachment strip between the two discs. On the reverse of the disc is the impression of the cloth the seal was attached to, and the remains of the integral rivet which held the two discs together. The section above the inscription has folded over itself. The object measures 22.6mm x 16.1mm x 2.3mm, and weighs 2.93. These Norwich Weaver’s Company cloth seals are common seals as there was a large national and international market at the time. Two seals were attached, one at each end of the cloth, to every worsted examined at Norwich from the mid-seventeenth century until 1705 (when sealing there ceased) (Egan 1995, 46). Cloth seals were in use between the 13th and 19th centuries and were part of a system of industrial regulation and quality control which became very complicated, particularly in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Egan 1995, 1).

WILT-677340: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete 2-part Early Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, dating to c. AD 1564-1573. The seal consists of disc one and the broken connecting strip. The disc depicts a a crown over a shield with arms of England, E R to either side, S]VLII:PAO:VIALLE:LON around // (on rivet) ridged cross with sword in first quarter (arms of London) . The legend on disc one is shortened from SIGILLUM ULNAGII PANNORUM VENALIUM LONDINI, i.e. 'seal of alnage [tax] of saleable cloths of London'. The stops consist of a dot (below) and X (above). The missing disc (of which only the centre part survives on this example) would have originally depicted the arms of London within an ornate shield, with the inscription LONDINI PRO PANNIC LANICIS ('for woollen cloths at London'). It measures 31.21mm (inclusive of broken connecting-strip), 25.01mm in diameter and weighs 8.45g. This type of seal is found all over England, but never in large numbers. The type seems to be the only English seal of any date to specify woollen cloths and date between 1564 and 1573 (Egan 1994 (p.41)). Ref. Egan 1994, 40-1 (no. 61)

WILT-B60795: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval (1500-1700) lead 2-part cloth seal, consisting of disc one (apparently blank) and part of disc two. It measures 14.34mm in diameter, 3.79mm in thickness and weighs 3.1g. - // ornate B (possibly)

WILT-D44354: CLOTH SEAL
An Early Post-Medieval lead 2-part Cloth Seal, measuring 19.99mm in diameter and 21.81mm in length, 2.53mm in thickness and weighing 4.99g. NO / -WI / - // BW / MHHL / -W- / - Geoff Egan comments: The first part should read NO/RWI/CH, while the second is a jumble of surname initials* of the annually elected wardens of the Norwich Worsted Company, as recorded for the year 1704 (cf. Saunders, P (ed.) 2001, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum Medieval Catalogue 3, pp.53-4, 79, fig. 20, no. 27 - from 1703). This is a precise date for the seal as textiles did not hang around long on the market. *BW/MHHL/DCWT/CS for the full twelve; John Black, Thomas Westgate, Robert Mott, Martin Houghton, John Harvey, Robert Lawson, John Ducket, Thomas Coldham, Daniel Woods, Stephen Taylor, Stephen Culyer and Matthew Smith.

WILT-7B9BB6: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete two-part cast lead alnage seal of late fifteenth century date, consisting of disc 1 only and missing the connecting strip. The alnage seal measures 24.38mm by 23.17mm by 3.22mm and weighs 8.9g. Disc 1 shows a crown over an ornate shield with the arms of England and a rose to the right and sun to the left. Around this in Lombardic lettering is the legend ...PAN]NOR IN [COM] WILT[EC indicating that the seal came from Wiltshire. The W is formed as a wide U with a short vertical line extending upwards from the centre. An example of a die from Wiltshire is inscribed S'SVBC'PANNOR'IN COM'VVILTEC (Egan, 1994; p.53 no.104).

WILT-A051F5: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete Early Post-Medieval lead two-part cloth seal with interconnecting strip, measuring 22.36mm in length, 19.42mm in width and weighing 3.77g. It is missing a quarter of Disc 1 and half of Disc 2. 19.42mm//19.61mm WOR/ST]ED/REFOR/MED//- Worsted Reformed seals were produced by the Norwich Weavers' Company for the large national and international market for late 17th century Norfolk worsteds. Reference: Egan, G., 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum. Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London. P.48, Nos.86-90.

WILT-44F161: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval (16th/ 17th century) two-part lead cloth seal, 19mm in diameter. Perhaps a monogram or a privy mark // blank

WILT-B06965: CLOTH SEAL
Two part cloth seal of lead/tin with a diameter c.8mm. The obverse has A A crowned, the reverse is blank.

WILT-BD4297: CLOTH SEAL
Two fragments of a Post-Medieval cloth seal from Wesel in Germany. These are almost certainly two parts of the same four part cloth seal. The double perforations in each are secondary and may indicate an attempt to re-attach the two most important parts of the seal to a cloth of bale after the origiinal seal was broken off. One is of a lead/tin alloy and has a diameter of c.35mm. It is uniface with two squarish perforations 1.5mm and 2.5mm in diameter, diametrically opposed and near to the edge of the disc. On the obverse is an ornate shield with three weasels courant two and one between a central ornate inescutcheon. The inscription reads [ME]MENTOxM[O]RI around the arms and motto of the town. The second, also of lead/tin alloy has a diameter of 35mm. It has two squarish perforations 1.5mm in diameter, diametrially opposed and near to the edge of the edge of the disc. On the obverse are two crowned B's with ornate scrolling below. The inscription reads :F[I]NNxBOMASIN[.]IExDERxWESEL around. This translates as 'fine bombasine of Wesel'. The discs are part of a seal attached to cloth imported from Wesel and known as bombazine. They probably date form the latter part of the 17th century. Ref: Egan, Lead Cloth Seals in the Brithsh Museum, 319 and 316

WILT-970CF5: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete Post Medieval lead cloth seal weighing 3.87g and measuring 21x23mm in diameter. The seal is two sided. Much of disc 2 and the connecting strip are missing. Within a circular border on disc 1 is IC, with a bar above the later letter. Because the upper bar is higher in relief than the lower section of the 'C', Nick Griffiths comments that the original die appears to have been recut, changing the 'C' to, probably, a 'T'. The small tail at the bottom left hand curve of the 'C' is damage. Small sections of two other circular borders for neighbouring seals are present. The reverse is damaged, and only a small section (10x13mm) remains. On this is part of a circular beaded border, within which is a trilobe, with the stem of a letter (possibly I or V) either side.

WILT-4FCCD3: CLOTH SEAL
Very worn Dutch post-1815 seal for Customs and Excise, copper alloy and ?lead, and rather squashed at the sides. They are quite common in this country and went on all kinds of goods. The main side has the arms of Orange in a shield - a lion rampant brandishing a sword, on a field with rectangles. The other side - illegible here - often has R & A = Dutch initials of C & E. It measures 20x17x4mm and weighs 9.61g.

WILT-A6E8F6: CLOTH SEAL
Early post medieval (16th/ 17th centruy) two-part cloth seal, both sides apparantly plain although about half of disc two has been lost. Both faces show textile impression. Diameter 20mm, weighs 8.99g.

WILT-C7E096: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete and very probably 3-part post medieval lead cloth seal. It is 23mm in diameter and max width, and 29mm in incomplete length. The cloth seal is from the alnage system and depicts the Stuart Arms of Britain with IR to either side, on one face. It may well have had 1611 above the arms, though this part of the cloth seal is now missing. On the reverse, the smaller disc with the rivet on one face has a series of incised lines crossing each other on its reverse face. The third and missing disc may well have had the place name of origin. This cloth seal is comparable with no.123, found in the Thames, and published in British Museum Occasional Paper no.93, Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum by Geoff Egan, 1994.

WILT-46E157: CLOTH SEAL
One disc from a two-part lead cloth seal, this depicting the arms of England within a shield below 1634. To either side of the shield are C [I]. Measures 20x18mm and weighs 2.21g

WILT-8020A5: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete disc 1 from a lead four- or two-part cloth seal, dating probably to the 16th/ 17th century. No stamp is visible, but the cloth impression is on both faces very clear (and particularly on the face with the rivet, which also curiously appears to have a rim). It measures 20.9mm in diameter and weighs 4.25g.

WILT-E7A445: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of post medieval lead cloth seal, very worn and thin with no inscription remaining by which to identify it. It is rather large, c.23mm in diameter, and very thin, 0.7mm. It is probably an inner disc from a four-part seal as one arm projects outwards (another may be broken off). Weighs 1.15g. 16th/ 17th century.

WILT-6FF267: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead cloth seal of Augsburg. A // pinecone on stand Seal for a fustian imported from southern Germany; late C16/early C17th (cf. Salisbury Medieval Catalogue 3 nos. 144-49).

WILT-A07F64: CLOTH SEAL
Just over half of disc two or three from a lead cloth seal, diam. 14mm. One face is decorated with a milled-effect around the edge (tiny vertical lines), within which is a bust with curls to the base of the neck.

WILT-36A5C4: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval (1500-1700) lead cloth seal, consisting of one disc and the remains of the squashed rivet. The complete disc depicts a large LB. The cloth seal is 25.7mm in diameter, 3.7mm thick and weighs 11.15 grams.

WILT-CCD3A4: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval (1500-1700) lead cloth seal, consisting of four roughly circular discs connected by three rectangular strips. The four discs are arranged in a line, with one small disc, then two large discs and a final small disc and the seal is folded in such a way that the two large discs sit together, and the two small discs sit together. The seal is then folded over so that the large and small discs are roughly parallel, leaving a 4.10mm gap between them. The obverse of the large disc is inscribed with N G with a star above and below the letters, enclosed within a faint circle. To the reverse, a rivet is visible on the outside small disc. The seal measures 24.65 in length, 21.10mm in width, 13.80mm in thickness and weighs 15.95 grams.

WILT-6EA0D4: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal or possibly, a token. The seal is quite damaged. The letters SVFFO are visible around the edge of the seal. In the centre of the seal are some illegible letters surrounded by a pelleted circle. The reverse is blank with a slight fold. The diameter of the token is 20.10mm, the thickness is 1.41mm, it weighs 1.00 grams.

WILT-2E28E3: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead post medieval cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal consists of the remains of three circular discs pressed together. One face exhibits a design of an anchor with the initials C S wrapped around the shank of the anchor surrounded by a pellet border. The opposite face is less complete and exhibits the number 15 with no other detail visible. The lead has a thick off-white patina. The cloth seal measures 12.51mm in diameter, is 3.33mm thick and weighs 2.23g.

WILT-E6217E: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal probably issued during the reign of Charles I. Part of a two-disc seal featuring a crowned harp flanked by C R, the seal comprises two discs joined in the centre with a rectangular tab. The seal is bent in the centre at the tab so the pairs of discs are back to back. The reverse consists of an inscription POST[...] with R N/I in the centre. The cloth seal is 17.25mm in length, 3.25mm thick and weighs 2.92 grams.

WILT-064C6E: CLOTH SEAL
A lead post medieval cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1550 - 1750. The cloth seal consists of two circular discs pressed back to back. The connecting strip is missing. The seal exhibits an impressed design consisting of a circular beaded border within which there is a cinquefoil flower and a now illegible inscription. The opposite side features a design of a shield surmounted by a crown with G : on the left. There is a circular perforation through the centre of the cloth seal. The lead is a buff off white in colour. The cloth seal measures 21.23mm in diameter, is 4.26mm thick and weighs 10.42g.

An incomplete lead post-medieval (AD c.1500-1700) four-disc cloth seal, missing its connecting strips and one of the discs. Overall, the cloth seal measures 18.7mm long, 17.3mm wide and 6.6mm thick. It weighs 6.46g. One disc has a grid motif on it and the rivet of another disc has an S-shaped motif on it. The discs are all bent and it is difficult to distinguish between different discs.

WILT-26F044: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy post-medieval Alnage seal for the City of London. The seal is broadly circular in plan, the second part is missing. Obv: crown over shield with arms of Tudor England, E R to the sides [...]VILLI PAO .VIALLE.LON (Roman E) On rivet: central part of arms of City of London, stranded cross with sword in first quarter Date: dated examples with Roman E are known for the period 1560s - 1570s. Ref: see Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Medieval Catalogue part 3 p.51-2

WILT-EF3CE2: CLOTH SEAL
A lead post medieval cloth seal, probably a bag seal, dating to the period c. AD 1540 - 1750. The seal comprises a circular bi-convex disc, both faces of which feature a raised design of a cross with all four arms of roughly equal length. The seal is pierced through the sides so that the piereced holes follow the line of the raised cross design on either face. These would have originally accomodated fabric ties. It is squashed out of shape on one side, which has caused the design to become slightly skewed.

WILT-F051BC: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal consists of two discs pressed together, missing the connecting strip. The obverse depicts a large A within an incomplete circular segmented border. The reverse features a stylised pine cones within a circular segmented border. The design on the reverse has been struck slightly off the flan. The seal originates in Augsburg. The lead is a mottled off-white-grey colour. The seal measures 19.58mm in diameter, is 4.09mm thick and weighs 8.03g.

WILT-A7C052: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead post-medieval cloth seal dating to the period AD c. 1500-1700. The connecting strip is missing. One face shows a simple design with arrow and cross. The cloth seal measures 16.71mm in length, 11.57mm in width, 1.84mm in thick and weights 2.32g.

WILT-00AC3D: CLOTH SEAL
A almost complete post-medieval cast lead cloth seal, probably dating to 17th century. The cloth seal is circular shape and is composed by two discs connected by a rectangular strip. The seal shows on both sides a mark. One disc reports the number 20, the other one depicts a small sword or a dagger with stwo stars on both side of the blade, inside a shield. Between the central decoration and the external edge is a damaged inscription but only the letters L E T can be seen. The seal measures 24.18mm in diameter and weights 11.51g. A good number of similar cloth seal are recordered on PAS database, for example ESS-C8CE3B, ESS-3D8148, SOM-EE9D2E and NMS-5D7600. The record ESS-3D8148 explain that the shield represents the arms of the Dutch city of Haarlem, with the number 20 referring to the length of the fabric in Dutch ells. For a pubblisced reference see Egan, G. (1994), Lead Cloth Seal and Related Items in the British Museum, British Museum Occasional Paper 93.

WILT-FC66DE: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-medieval four-disc lead cloth seal dating to the 17th century. Only one disc is present, which bears the London coat of arms with the words 'DE LONDINO' around the edge. The reverse of the disc is plain. The remains of a connecting lug can be seen below the shield. Further trauma is indicated by the ripples around the circumference of the seal. The surfaces of the disc are pale from oxidisation. The disc is 36.57 mm in diameter, 1.52 mm thick and weighs14.56 g. Cf Egan, Finds Research Group 700-1700, Datasheet 3, Fig 18.

WILT-30F4B5: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-medieval lead-alloy cloth seal, dating to the period AD 1500-1700. Disc 1 is extant with part of the squashed rivet remaining on the reverse. The seal disc is circular, and the edges have been bent out of shape slightly, though the disc is complete. The seal depicts a swan standing left in low relief, with the letter N to the right, behind the swan's neck. The cloth seal measures 17.89 mm in diameter, 1.16 mm thick and weighs 2.86 g. Swan seals are associated with an area of the London Waterfront known as Swan Stairs/Old Swan area. A number of similar swan stamps with a variety of initials have been found. The swan design is also known from the French centre of Valenciennes, and such an identification cannot be ruled out entirely. For similar please see Egan (1994) 'Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum', British Museum Occasional Paper no.272-274, p94.

WILT-318FAB: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-medieval lead-alloy cloth seal, dating to the period AD 1500-1700. The disc is roughly circular, with worn edges. Both sides of the seal are decorated. One side shows a cross pattee with a pellet on the end of each arm; a further pellet is positioned with the angle of the arms at the centre. The other side displays what appears to be a coat of arms. The depiction is off-centre and consists of an oval double border containing a rounded cross with a shorter line at 45 degrees in each of the four angles of the cross. The cloth seal measures 13.66 mm in diameter, 1.58 mm thick and weighs 1.48 g.

WILT-F9CAAC: CLOTH SEAL
A complete post medieval lead cloth seal dating to AD 1500-1700. The seal is composed of two roughly circular discs linked together. Disc one has the initials DG stamped on it. Disc two which is somewhat smaller, has what might be a depiction of the Cross or a letter X and a letter L. This weighs 4.18grams, and the maximum diameter is 19.3mm. There is also a fragment of lead possibly associated with the seal which shares the same grid reference. This fragment appears to be two small pieces of lead bent together with no clear shape. This fragment weighs 2.62 grams.

WILT-3CF11C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy post-medieval cloth seal, dating to the period c. AD 1600-1700. The seal comprises one circular disc from a two or four-part seal. This disc exhibits a crowned thistle set within a beaded border. An outer border of incuse rays is present around the edge. The other side is blank. The cloth seal measures 16.08mm in diameter, 1.17mm in thickness and weighs 1.94g. Cf. DOR-06A417 on the database and Egan, 1994, p. 178, No. 141.

WILT-720FFB: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval four part lead cloth seal dating to AD 1707 - 1714. It is damaged, with the two inner parts separated at an early date, and the outer parts missing. It shows , on one face, the bust of Queen Anne facing left within a segmented border. Inscription reads AN. SCO. F.ET.HIB On the other face is a double rose with the digits 3 over 4. Dimensions: diameter c 14mm; c 0.95mm thick; weight (together) 2.5g cf Elton 2017 p166

WILT-FFE46F: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval incomplete lead-alloy two or four part cloth seal, dating to the period c.AD 1500-1700. The seal is roughly circular in plan, and on one side lettering possibly reads WIYU. The reverse has the remains of the rivet as well as the faint imprint of the coarse warp and weft of the cloth. The seal measures 19.1mm in diameter and is 1.2mm in thickness. It weighs 2.71 grams.

WILT-9BB2F7: CLOTH SEAL
A complete cast lead cloth seal, dating to c AD 1600 - 1700. It is a circular two disc type, with rivet disc exhibiting an shield motif, the rove disc side showing a partial decoration of beading, the flattened rivet and the number 20 in relief, the 2 being partially obscured. The number is positioned approximately centrally. A connecting strip joins the two. The shield exhibits a centrally placed sword surrounded with two mullets each side, and an equal armed cross below, at the point of the sword. This is apparently enclosed within a simple ridged border with lettering outside the border, almost entirely missing, possibly reading, G O. The shield represents the arms of the Dutch city of Haarlem, with the number 20 showing the length of the fabric in Dutch ells. Dimensions: 26mm in diameter; connecting strip extends 3.5mm; 13.6g in weight. Ref: Egan, G. (1994), Lead Cloth Seal and Related Items in the British Museum, British Museum Occasional Paper 93. See also WILT-00AC3D on the PAS database for an identical cloth seal.

WILT-ADFAF8: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead alloy two-disc cloth seal dating to c. AD 1500-1650. The seal is formed by two circular discs. These discs are joined by an integral connecting strip which is folded in half so the discs over-lie each other. The seal is then stamped on the discs creating a design on both faces. This design is a pinecone, heraldic badge of the city of Augsburg, with leaves protruding at the base. The other side has a symbolic 'A' motif, this is surrounded by a border of pellets. The two discs are now permanently sealed together. Measurements: Diameter 18.4mm; Length 28.8mm; Thickness 4.7mm; Weight 9.88g These seals are from linen warp, cotton weft fabrics that were known in England as 'Ousbrow or Augusta fustians' in the sixteenth-/early seventeenth-century. The history of the arms of Augsburg shows that before 1260, a tree-of-life was the central feature, after which it became a bunch of grapes in a canting reference to a variety of grapes (Augster), and finally in the late 15th century the grapes were replaced with a cone from the Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra). The pinecone is sometimes interpreted as a teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) because of the connection to the cloth trade.

WILT-3FDCF5: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead cloth seal with one stamped face, probably dating to c. AD 1600-1724. Disc 3 of a 4-part seal. The seal face is circular with two broken extensions opposite each other. It is finely stamped with a lion passant with a crown underneath, a figure 3 to the left, all within a roped border within a series of inward pointing wedges. The figure 3 represents the duty paid. The seal measures 26.9mm in length, 16.8mm in diameter, 1.1mm in thickness and weighs 2.66 grams. The Alnage taxation system ended in AD 1724 (Egan 1994), would the relatively fine stamping would suggest a later date in this range.

WILT-0B744A: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1600-1800. Probably disc-3 of a 4-part seal. A flat circular disc of lead, truncated by an old break, with the top edge lost. The disc is stamped with the initials TG within a beaded circle, with the inscription [...](V/Y)OR[...] around the outside. Diameter 16.4mm; weight 0.92g.

WILT-0575D8: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to c. AD 1675-1700. Discs 1 and 2 of a probable two-disc seal. A finely depicted three-masted ship with square sails with the stamped, incuse initials A R on the first disc. The second disc and the reverse of the rivet depicts rigging, with an H in relief surmounting a coil of rope with a knot on the left. There are further incuse stamped letters on the second disc, probably D R, above the rivet. Diameter: 35.20mm; thickness: 5.30mm; weight: 23.17g. cf. Egan (2001: 66) no. 127 for a similar example.

WILT-FCEE10: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal is missing one disc and the connecting strip. The obverse depicts a large A with one annulet beneath it and is surrouded by a circular segmented border. The reverse features the remains of a squashed rivet stamped with the impression of a fleur de lis. The seal originates in Augsburg. The cloth seal measures 18.25mm in diameter, is 4.51mm maximum thickness, 1.68mm minimum thickness and weighs 5.31g.

WILT-E2E7A3: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal missing the perforated disc and the connecting strip, dating to the period c. AD1500 - 1800. The surviving disc is broadly circular in plan and has a cental plug on one side on which the letter G is legible. This would have been seperated from another letter, (now unreadable) by a central ridge which bifurcates in two near the bottom of the plug. There is no design visible on the other side of the seal, although both sides retain the imprint of cloth. The seal measures 19.55mm in diameter and is 3.17mm thick. It weighs 3.87g.

WILT-9B4D7B: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating to AD 1500-1800. A 2-part seal comprisign of two discs of lead connected by a folded connecting strip and with an integral rivet projecting from the reverse of disc 1 piercing disc 2. Both discs are impressed with a design which is largely off-flan and therefore unclear. Disc-2 potentially depicts a shield. Length 17.2mm; width 14.5mm; thickness 4.6mm; Weight 4.03g.

WILT-1106F4: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval (1500-1700) lead cloth seal, consisting of one disc with a rivet to the reverse. It measures 20.80mm in diameter and 9.69mm thick. Weighs 4.4g. The cloth seal is decorated to the front with a shield between I I. The shield is quartered with the first and fourth quarters also quartered.

WILT-115A38: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval (1500-1700) lead cloth seal, consisting of one disc only and the connecting strip, now twisted. To the reverse are the remains of the squashed rivet upon which is impressed a fleur de lis. The complete disc depicts a large A with an annulet beneath and another to the side. Measures 18.55mm in diameter, 24.25mm in length, 4.65mm thick and weighs 6.31g.

An incomplete lead post-medieval cloth seal dating to the period AD c. 1500-1700. The connecting strip is missing. One face is decorated with a grid motif. The cloth seal measures 14.20mm in length, 12.90mm in width, 2.88mm in thick and weights 3.08g.

WILT-31BEA7: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead post-medieval cloth seal dating to the period AD c. 1500-1700. The connecting strip is missing. One face is decorated with a grid motif. The cloth seal measures 19.30mm in length, 19.11mm in width, 3.58mm in thick and weights 6.17g.

WILT-1447B7: CLOTH SEAL
A complete post medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period AD c.1500- 1700. The seal is comprised of two discs, which are both linked together by a rectangular tag. The tag has appeared to have been a single piece lead with symmetrical sides and then folded over, sealing the two discs together. Originally, the symbol would have been stamped on the obverse surface of a disc, however this ceases to exist. Overall, the seal is 27.63mm in height, the diameter of the two discs is 21.63mmm the overall thickness of the seal is 7mm, and it weighs 13.76g. Please see WILT-3D936E for a comparison.

WILT-8E1D82: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal depicting an Angel in pleated skirt, holding palm branch in left hand. The reverse is undecorated. The tab where the other half the seal was attached is present ● GLORIA rosette IN rosette EXC[ELCIS] ● around. Diameter 44.3mm, thickness 2.7mm. Weight 16.08 grams. Probably a London seal. Late 1620's - perhaps early 18th century. These seals were often gilded. (Egan, Finds Research Group Datasheet 3 Fig 18). Similar to NMS-381075. Inscription: ● GLORIA rosette IN rosette EXC[ELCIS ●]

WILT-5EF211: CLOTH SEAL
A lead post medieval cloth seal dating to AD c1500-1700. The seal comprises two parts joined in the centre. The seal is incomplete and is in two parts. The main section comprises a sub-circular front panel with stamped lettering comprising (possibly) of a large T with H and below it, P all entwined together. Beneath are the letters AB. The other side is plain, but with some scratchmarks which might be lettering. The seal is 21.27mm in diameter, 3.13mm thick and weighs 6.5 grams.

WILT-9B387E: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead cloth seal, dating to the period AD 1500-1700. Obverse depicting a rose. Reverse depicting the letter K. It has a diameter of 16.27mm, a thickness of 2.72mm and weighs 2.66g.

WILT-D7682B: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The sub-circular seal bears the letters T and W. The second larger disc bears the imprint of the cloth onto which it was hammered, the reverse is flat and unmarked. The seal measures 25.31mm (maximum) in diameter and is 2.71mm thick. The seal weighs 4.83 grams.

WILT-B5A457: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal of Post-medieval date, possibly the 18th century. The front face is decorated with a crown over thistle and leaves.

WILT-6DBA86: CLOTH SEAL
Early Post-Medieval (1500-1700) lead two-part cloth seal, measuring 23.49mm in length, 19.87mm in width/ diameter and weighing 9.02g. Disc 1: plain and smooth Disc 2: crowned portcullis Egan (in Saunders ed. 2001, 60) notes that the crowned portcullis device was common in the Elizabethan period.

WILT-0CF7A3: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-Medieval lead cloth seal, with only one of the four discs remaining. The remaining disc is circular with uniface design, depicting the arms of the City of London (Argent a Cross Gules in the first quarter a Sword in pale point upwards of the last - a cross of St George with a sword pointing upwards in the top left quarter) within a beaded border. Most of the inscription is illegible but one letter is partially visible, which may be an 'E' or 'F'. The design is similar to BH-2A7635, which has a legend of 'DE/LONDI/NO', with escallops separating the three parts. Cloth seal BH-2A7635 was compared to parallels from London detailed in Egan 1995: 42-43/figs. 20 and 21, cf. nos. 65 and 69, giving a date of the 17th century. The disc measures 16.80mm in diameter, 1.20mm thick and weighs 1.61g.

WILT-ABFF68: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete early post medieval lead two part cloth seal dating to c AD 1500 - 1700. There are a number of initials moulded into both parts of the seal but there is damage across half of the original diameter and on the face of one the parts so little can be discerned. On one face can be seen B W and on the other P, possibly L B. The tab which joins the two parts is present but broken. The item is 25.30mm in length and 19.93mm in width and weighs 5.90g.

A complete but damaged post-medieval lead cloth seal probably dating from the 16th century AD. On one face is perhaps the Tudor royal coat of arms, ie a moulded shield bearing the Fleur de Lys of France and the three lions of England quarterly. The seal was apparently made up of two discs, now crushed together, and with an oval piece held to the surface of one side onto which has been moulded the letter F positioned centrally within a beaded circle Further lettering, perhaps [...] C O M I '. V, appears within an outer border. Any tab or lug, linking the two discs, is now missing. Diameter 22.50mm, It weighs 6.15g.

WILT-33DFCB: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead alloy cloth seal dating from AD1600-1700. This is a fragment of a larger four-part seal, comprising of only a single disc. The cloth seal is inscribed 'BB' (both letters crowned) with a fleur de lys below, in the central field, with a further inscription around the outside edge, reading: [FIN]N [BOMASI]N [I]E D[ER] W(E)SEL, which translates as 'Fine bombasin of Wesel'. The seal has the vestigal remains of the connecting strip which would have adjoined the next seal plate, and there is damage diagonally across the seal, probably the result of being folded and unfolded. The reverse is plain. Diameter: 39.1mm; thickness 1.8mm; weight: 13.26g The seal is from Wesel in Germany and would have sealed bales of bombasine cloth, for similar examples on the PAS database see BERK-64D334; HAMP-FF2BA2; HAMP-A84047.

WILT-3B04AE: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two part Post Medieval lead cloth or alnage (duty) seal, dating to c. 1550-1750. Both circular addorsed discs survive along with the connecting loop. Both faces appear to have been stamped but apart from blurred marks and evidence of an inscription around the outer edge on both faces, any detail is indecipherable. In cross section the seal is wedge shape tapering from the outer edge towards the loop. Two holes can be seen on both side seams. Dimensions: 24mm in length; 18.5mm in width; 7mm thick at the outer edge, 4mm under the loop; 14.7g in weight.

WILT-BD8F9A: CLOTH SEAL
A complete post medieval lead alloy cloth seal, dating to AD 1600-1800. The seal is a 2 part seal, with two discs of lead joined by a connecting strip and with an integral revet on the reverse of disc one passing through an aperture on disc two. Disc 2 is stamped in block capitals with the incuse letters E O // X. Diameter: 26.10mm; thickness: 3.4mm; weight: 15.28g.

WILT-B2D458: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Medieval or Post Medieval lead alloy 2-part cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1450-1600. The seal comprises of two discs connected by a connecting strip, folded over eachother and with an integral rivet projecting from the reverse of disc 1 punched through disc 2. Disc 1 is stamped with a lombardic a with a star to the right, whilst disc 2 is stamped with a pinecone, flanked by rosettes of five pellets. Dimensions: 18mm in diameter; 27.12mm in length (including strip); 4.05mm thick; 8.36g in weight. cf. Elton 2017: 297 no. BSG.CD.00131.

WILT-00568F: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Medieval or Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1450-1600. The seal is probably comprised of two discs although no join or integral rivet is visible and the connecting strip is absent. One face is stamped with a reverse L surrounded by four pellets and possibly two bars, the reverse design is indiscernible. Dimensions: Diameter: 19.0mm, Thickness: 3.0mm, Weight: 11.0g. See WILT-B2D458 on the PAS database for a similar example from Wiltshire.

WILT-4E9C5D: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval two-part lead alloy cloth or bag seal, dating c AD 1500 -1700 or later. A two-part seal, it is comprised of what were originally two slightly oval lead blanks, with a connecting strip and integral rivet. The reverse (the rivet oval 1) is plain while the upper or outer disc (the rove oval side) shows the head of the rivet through its centre on which is a stamped device which shows a crown surrounded by an uncertain legend, [...]ARD:ATD[...] S [...] within a margin. Dimensions: 33.5mm in length; width: 20.1mm; 3.5mm thick (both discs); 9.07g in weight This may be a customs seal of the 19th century which would have included a crown of the same design.

WILT-2640BE: CLOTH SEAL
A complete post medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period ADc.1500- 1700. The seal is comprised of two discs, which are both linked together by a rectangular tag. The tag has appeared to have been a single piece lead with symmetrical sides and then folded over, sealing the two discs together. Originally, the symbol would have been stamped on the obverse surface of a disc, however this ceases to exist. The two discs have are damaged and both of the bottom edges have been folded away from each other over time. This has also happened to the rectangular tag. Overall, the seal is 23.25mm in height, the diameter of the two discs is 16.41mm the overall thickness of the seal is 6.53, and it weighs 8.11g. Please see WILT-3D936E and WILT-1447B7 on the PAS database for similar.

A lead post medieval cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1600 - 1800. The seal consists of two oval discs pressed back to back and connected by a narrow connecting strip. One face shows the initials R & R above the numbers 344 all surrounded by a circular ridge border. The opposite face features the design of a shield with a lion rampant facing left. The shield is surmounted by a crown. The design is surrounded by a circular pellet border. The cloth seal measures 21.37 in length, 16.62mm in width, is 4.05mm thick and weighs 9.18g.

WILT-D348DB: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval cloth lead seal of Leiden, Holland, dating to c AD 1550 - 1700. It is made up of two lead discs, one large one, and a significantly smaller one, pressed back to back. Both are covered with stamps. The larger one has the letters [..]EIDE above [..]ERWE (probably LEIDN / VERWE) near the centre, both words truncated with other, later stamps, including crossed keys, a rectangular device (probably a counting mark) with dots and dashes and, near the outer edge, the letters and numbers L [..]IDS. The smaller, lower disc has a series of wavy lines in concert with one another, perhaps forming an zoomorphic image. Dimensions: upper disc 32.0mm in diameter; the lower disc 14.2mm; 12.51g in weight There are several similar seals in Geoff Egan's 1994 'Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum' B.M. Occasional Paper 93. "Leiden's important and varied textile industry is widely represented by finds of seals in England and on the Continent. In the 1660s its products undercut the prices for similar English fabrics in this country. Leiden's Lakenhal (cloth hall) Museum has an extensive collection of items relating to the sealing of cloths which took place there."

WILT-4AC756: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval lead cloth seal from Augsberg dating to c.AD 1500 - 1650. It comprises two circular discs joined by a narrow strip of lead, folded to bring the discs together. Both discs are impressed with a raised design. On the front disc is an incomplete upper case letter A, for Augsberg, surrounded by four annulets within a cusped border. The reverse carries a design of a stylised pine cone above a horizontal band containing six pellets. The seal has a dark grey patina. It is 19.4 mm in diameter, 4.1 mm thick and weighs 10.15g. Cf. Egan (1994) nos.308-10.

WILT-EA16DF: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete probable Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to c. AD 1500-1700. The seal is sub-oval in plan, with two sub-oval lead faces pressed either side against a central lead face. There is a slightly raised border on each face where the seal was originally stamped, but the stamps are too degraded to distinguish any design or legend. Part of the lead face is missing on one of the faces, due to old damage. The find has a light cream patina. Dimensions: Length 28.0mm; Width 18.4mm; Thickness 7.6mm; Weight 19.28g.

WILT-D1187F: CLOTH SEAL
A medieval or post medieval lead cloth seal dating to c AD 1500-1700. The seal is incomplete and only the front subcircular stamped disc, part of the connecting strip and possibly a small part of the rove disc which is adhered to the front disc remains. The front disc is decorated with a crown and portcullis, although as it has not been stamped very straight, full details of the decoration are not visible. Dimensions: Length: 17.0mm; width: 12.3mm; thickness: 3.1mm; weight: 2.96. The portcullis decoration was a badge of the Tudors and it is likely that this alnage cloth seal dates to the reign of Elizabeth I who stipulated that all cloth seals should be marked on cloth seals. See Elton, S.F., 2017, Cloth Seals, Archaeopress, p 218.

WAW-969902: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two-part cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two sub-circular discs linked with an integral strip. One disc (Disc 1) has an integral rivet, and the other (Disc 2) has a central perforation. The strip is folded in half, so the two discs lie over each other with the rivet passing through the perforation in the second disc. Both discs have then been flattened and stamped with LS on Disc 1 and two monograms on Disc 2 which are hard to read. One monogram is set above the other and appears to read CfD; the other is below and reads perhaps W5. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a mottled cream/grey colour. It measures 24.79mm long, 18.11mm wide and 4.15mm thick. It weighs 7.7g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. The seal probably dates to the 16th to 17th centuries. The initials and monograms are personal or 'privy' marks and may refer to a dyer, packer, searcher, weaver or clothier.

WAW-AE3AA5: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of a large sub-circular discs with a possible smaller second disc on the reverse. It is unclear how they are connected as there is no integral ribbon. The face of the large disc has a central ornate shield with a '+' at the apex and an unclear design below. Around the edge there is a legend starting with a crescent and then possibly reading 'RAE[ ]S[ ]'. The smaller disc on the reverse has '20' slightly off the flan. The field around the smaller disc, on the reverse of the larger disc has a coating of feint pellets. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 27.82mm long, 26.72mm wide and 4.18mm thick. It weighs 8.9g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. Larger seals were used in the 17th to 18th century, for example from Colchester (Egan G. 1992 Leaden cloth Seals Datasheet 3 Finds Research Group 700-1700, Figure 11a-c).

WAW-F76B32: CLOTH SEAL
A possible fragment a pro forma cast lead cloth seal. The seal is a sub-rectangle in plan with one terminal being abraded and therefore incomplete. In profile the pro forma is tubular and has then been flattened, which is probably intentional. The reverse plate is more incomplete than the upper plate. The upper plate has lettering in high-relief reading 'XXXIIII' within a rectangular beaded border. The reverse is has a possible high-relief design which is very feint and may include a 'J'. The surface of the pro forma has a matte off-white coloured patina. It measures 26.39mm long, 17.69mm wide and 2.13mm thick, weighing 4.7g. Dr. Geoff Egan (Portable Antiquities Scheme Finds Advisor) comments on a previous pro forma (WAW-79D3C6) found in Worcestershire that pro formas were cast with the dimensions ,as required by law, of a particular variety of cloth. 34 is may be the length in yards of the fabric or its weight. When examining the cloth government officials measured and weighed the cloth and checked it conformed to specifications. 'Searched' was stamped in the blank area below the figures, and then the seal was closed and fixed to the textile so it could be seen on the market stall. Egan goes on to comment that the seal dates from the transitional Medieval to Post Medieval period of the late 16th century to c1620, and this is probably the second to be discovered in Worcestershire. Other examples are illustrated in Egan, G. 1995 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum British Museum Occasional Paper 93, Nos. 117 to 119.

WAW-848927: CLOTH SEAL
possible cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. The seal is probably made from two discs, but it does not have the corresponding joining stud and perforation as is usual. Instead they seem to overlap, which makes it difficult to affix to cloth. The object is sub-circular in plan and the upper surface has a sub-circular platform with high-relief lettering reading ‘YO[ ] / HE[ ]’. The edges are rounded with one portion of the edge having a slender rectangular protrusion which may have originally formed a ribbon. The reverse is undecorated. The object has a light brown patina. The object measures 17.18mm long, 13.76mm wide and 3.64mm thick. It weighs 2.6g. The object closely resembles a cloth seal, but it is not clear how it would be secured to the cloth. If it is a cloth seal, it will date to the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23) and used as a form of quality control.

WAW-385F63: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal which is sub-oval in plan, but all edges are abraded so probably was not the original shape. The seal appears to be composed of two discs, but it is difficult to see the usual circular perforation in one disc and the flattened stud on the other. One disc has a portcullis surmounted by a crown. It is uncertain whether a legend surounded the design and could be off the flan. The second disc has a high-relief 'XXV'. The surface of the seal has a well developed yellow coloured patina. It measures 16.27mm long, 15.54mm wide, 3.75mm thick and it weighs 3.7g. The cloth seal dates to the Post Medieval period, mid 16th to early 17th centuries (1550-1605). The 25 (possibly incomplete) is presumably the pounds weight or the yards length. A similar seal was recorded from the Isle of Wight (IOW-0DDF13) and it was commented there that these seals '[are] one of the basic county series, in which just the placename around the main device changed (and in this case is offstruck) - known for more than a dozen counties now (2007)'.

WAW-5F8532: CLOTH SEAL
A possible cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. The seal is incomplete and only a single uniface disc remains. This disc is decorated with a rose with ·I· above. This is all within a beaded border. The edges of the disc are abraded. The surface ofthe disc has a cream coloured patina. The object measures 13.83mm long, 13.78mm wide and 1.12mm thick. It weighs 1g. The object closely resembles a cloth seal, but it does not have the integral stud on the reverse so it is not clear how it would be secured to the cloth. If it is a cloth seal, it will date to the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) and used as a form of quality control.

WAW-602B94: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval or Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of one remaining disc which has a squashed integral stud on the reverse. The outer face of the disc is decorated with a slender simplistic lion rampant which has a vertical 'o-' shape above. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a mottled cream colour. It measures 23.83mm long, 20.22mm wide and 3.81mm thick. It weighs 5.7g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. A similar seal is illustrated in Egan ( 'Cloth Seals' Saunders, P. 2001 Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Medieval Catalogue, Part 3 Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Salisbury) No. 157 which orginiated from Belguim. There is not enough detail on the recorded example to further identify it. The seal probably dates to the 15th to 17th centuries.

WAW-5DF3D2: CLOTH SEAL
A four-disc cloth seal made from lead or lead alloy. There are four discs are each connected with an integral ribbon, they are then folded in half between disc two and three. The first disc has an integral stud which passes through a hole in disc four. The stud has then been slightly flattened to secure disc four. The second disc is stamped with a shield with a three fleur-de-lis within a high relief border. The third disc is stamped with 'C 8? 4? // BAY // 1665'. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a light brown coloured surface. It measures 28.92mm long, 13.21mm wide and 6.06mm thick. It weighs 7.8g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23). This one is dated to 1665 and is possibly French with the lis heraldry.

WAW-7BE985: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of a sub-circular disc with an integral stud. This disc is connected to a second disc by an integral short ribbon. The second disc, which is incomplete, has a central hole. The ribbon is folded in half so the discs over lay each other with the stud protruding through the hole of the second disc. The seal has then been flattened, with one edge of both discs being folded over. One face has a design stamped on it, an incomplete portcullis which has a possible legend around it. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a cream coloured surface. It measures 26.93mm long, 21.37mm wide and 6.71mm thick. It weighs 8.5g. Cloth seal were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control.

WAW-B87030: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval or Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two sub-circular discs linked with an integral ribbon joining the discs. The ribbon is folded in half, thereby the two discs lay over each other. One disc has an integral stud which passes through the perforation in the second disc. Both discs have then been flattened and stamped. One face has a double arched crown and the other face has a possible central quatrefoil with a legend around it. The legend reads '* NOR •FO[ ] [ ] E'. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a mottled cream/grey colour. It measures 20.07mm long, 12.85mm wide and 4.07mm thick. It weighs 3.8g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. The seal probably dates to the 15th to 17th centuries.

WAW-79D3C6: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a proforma cast lead cloth seal. The seal is a sub-rectangle in plan with the lower edge forming an asymmetrical inverted '^' shape. This edge is probably a broken edge, but the break is not recent. The upper surface has lettering in high-relief reading '[ ] / XXII / XVIII / ?E'. On The reverse there is an integral stud towards the lower edge. The stud is oval in section and the terminal has been slightly flattened. The surface of the seal has a well developed beige patina. It measures 23.14mm long, 18.42mm wide and 5.27mm thick, weighing 4.4g. Dr. Geoff Egan (Portable Antiquities Scheme Finds Advisor) comments on this seal that it is part of a proforma seal integrally cast with the dimensions as required by law of a particular variety of cloth. 22 is probably length in yards while 18 is probably its weight in pounds (could be the other way round, depending on thickness etc.). There is possibly an E at the end of the legend which could be an 'E' from 'searched', meaning the cloth had been examined. When examining the cloth government officials measured and weighed the cloth and checked it conformed to specifications. 'Searched' was stamped in the blank area below the figures, and then the seal was closed and fixed to the textile so it could be seen on the market stall. Egan goes on to comment that the seal dates from the transitional Medieval to Post Medieval period of the late 16th century to c1620, and is probably the first one discovered in Worcestershire. Other examples are illustrated in Egan, G. 1995 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum British Museum Occasional Paper 93, Nos. 117 to 119.

WAW-BDBC72: CLOTH SEAL
A four-disc cloth seal made from lead. There are four discs with the central two connected with an integral ribbon. The ribbon is then folded in half between disc two and three. The first disc has an integral stud which passes through a hole in disc four. The stud has then been flattened. The reverse of discs one is plain. Disc two has, within a beaded border a legend started with a sun and reading around the edge '• E • X • O • N •' with a cinquefoil in the centre. Disc three has a three feather plumes with a crown and '80' below. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a matte light brown coloured surface. It measures 27.76mm long, 14.82mm wide and 4.24mm thick. It weighs 5.7g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23).

WAW-A7F157: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two sub-circular discs linked with an integral ribbon. The ribbon is folded in half, thereby the two discs lay over each other. On disc has an ornate orb within a beaded border stamped on it. To the left of the orb there is an ‘I’. The other disc has the bust, of what appears to be, Queen Anne. The bust faces left, with her wavy hair tied at the back of the head. A legend around the bust, starting at 7 o’clock reads ‘ANNE – REGINA’. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a cream coloured well developed patina. It measures 17.35mm long, 14.36mm wide and 3.87mm thick. It weighs 2.9g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. As this cloth seal appears to have the bust of Queen Anne, it probably dates to 1702 to 1714, the time of her reign. The ‘I’ may represent the number of successive washes the cloth has had in woad to produce the blue cloth (Egan, G. 1992 Leaden Cloth Seals Finds Research Group 700-1700 Data Sheet 3).

WAW-31EAA1: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval or Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two sub-circular discs linked with an integral ribbon joining the discs. The ribbon is folded in half, thereby the two discs lay over each other. One disc has an integral stud which passes through the perforation in the second disc. Both discs have then been flattened and stamped. One face has ‘LOVE / [ ]EN[ ]’ across the centre. The reverse reads ‘PERI’ within a beaded border. There is possibly a design above the legend. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a mottled cream/grey colour. It measures 29.33mm long, 21.38mm wide and 5.17mm thick. It weighs 15.3g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. The seal probably dates to the 15th to 17th centuries.

WAW-C44744: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of a sub-circular disc, which has an integral flattened stud on the reverse. A portion of the edge is abraded suggesting originally an integral ribbon and another disc was present. The upper surface of the disc has a prominent ‘A’ with an annulet below the cross bar. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 18.11mm long, 17.16mm wide and 3.16mm thick. It weighs 3.5g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. Seals from Augsburg, Germany had the letter ‘A’ on one face, the other face had the Augsburg coat of arms (Egan, G. Leaden cloth Seals Datasheet 3 Finds Research Group 700-1700 Figure 24). These seals date to the 16th to 17th centuries.

WAW-D9C8A5: CLOTH SEAL
The object is a cloth seal. The object is made from lead or lead alloy. It is composed of a sub-circular disc which has an integral short ribbon leading to a second disc. The second disc has a central hole. The ribbon is folded in half so the discs over lay each other with the stud protruding through the hole of the second disc. The seal has then been squashed to become flat. In face has a ‘+’ visible but the rest of the design is unclear. The second face also has a design, but this is not clear. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a light brown coloured surface. It measures 21.65mm long, 18.6mm wide and 4.07mm thick. It weighs 6.9g. Cloth seal were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23).

WAW-989258: CLOTH SEAL
The incomplete four-disc cloth seal is made from lead. The first and second discs do not survive but the third is sub-circular with an integral strip attaching the fourth disc, which has a central hole. The third disc is stamped with a harp with 58/..I above. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a light brown coloured surface. It measures 30mm long, 14.45mm wide and 1.79mm thick. It weighs 3.2g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23). This one may be dated to 1658 with the Commonwealth's symbol of the harp. Egan (1989) illustrates two other cloth seals with a harp, however these are both surmounted by a crown and are four-part seals. No. 135 is of Charles II and No. 139 is of James II.

WAW-0B6505: CLOTH SEAL
A four-disc cloth seal made from lead. There are four discs each connected with an integral ribbon, they are then folded in half between disc two and three. The first disc has an integral stud which passes through a hole in disc four. The stud has then been flattened. The reverse of discs one and two are plain. The upper surface of disc three is the only disc with a design stamped on it. The design consists of a simplistic flower head, possibly a rose. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a light brown coloured surface. It measures 26.47mm long, 12.36mm wide and 5.1mm thick. It weighs 5.29g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23). A similar example is found in Egan (Egan, G. 1995 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum British Museum Occasional Paper 93), No. 22 which dates to the 17th century.

WAW-0BD640: CLOTH SEAL
A four-disc cloth seal made from lead. There are four discs are each connected with an integral ribbon, they are then folded in half between disc two and three. The first disc has an integral stud which passes through a hole in disc four. The stud has then been slightly flattened, but not enough to secure disc four. The third disc is stamped with a shield with a central chevron, a possible annulet in each upper corner and an undistinguishable motif in the lower corner of the shield. Above the shield it is dated ‘165[3 or 8]. The second disc is stamped with the shields of the commonwealth, a shield decorated with the St. Georges cross and the other the Irish harp. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a light brown coloured surface. It measures 30.26mm long, 13.4mm wide and 10.84mm thick. It weighs 9.44g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23). This one may be dated to 1658 with the Commonwealth's symbol of the harp. Egan (1989) illustrates two other cloth seals with a harp, however these are both surmounted by a crown and are four-part seals. No. 135 is of Charles II and No. 139 is of James II.

WAW-CD2437: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of a sub-circular disc with an integral stud. This disc is connected to a second disc by an integral short ribbon. The second disc has a central hole. The ribbon is folded in half so the discs over lay each other with the stud protruding through the hole of the second disc. The seal has then been flattened. Both faces have had a design stamped on them. One face has an incomplete portcullis which has a legend around it. Only two digits visible at the end of the legend, the digits appear to read ‘16’. On the reverse the design is a shield representing England. There is no legend around the shield. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a cream coloured surface. It measures 25.71mm long, 19.39mm wide and 4.55mm thick. It weighs 8.13g. Cloth seal were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 ‘Leaden Seals for Textiles – Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade’ Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control.

WAW-529D92: CLOTH SEAL
The cloth seal is possibly dated to the 16th to early 17th century. Egan illustrates similar seals with a pine cone, which are from Augsburg, Germany (Nos. 308-309), however the recorded example does not have an 'A' on the reverse which Egan's examples do have. The cloth seal is made from lead or lead alloy. The seal is formed by two circular discs, one with a hole in the centre and the other with a stud protruding. These discs are joined by an integral connecting strip which is folded in half so the discs over-lay each other, and the stud protrudes through the hole. The seal is then stamped on the discs creating an emblem on both faces. One emblem is a pine cone with three leaves protruding at the base. The cone is composed of pellets. Either side of the cone are two further clusters of pellets, one larger than the other. The edges of this surface are slightly bevelled. The design is within a beaded border. The reverse has a simplistic crown within a beaded border. The cloth seal weighs 7.97g, and measures 23.9mm long, 16.6mm wide and 5.1mm thick. It has been suggested that the reverse has a small Lombardic 'a'. The use of the capital A apparently came into use in the mid 16th century.

WAW-A026C6: CLOTH SEAL
The cloth seal two part seal, which may be categorized as a ‘Clothiers’, Weavers or Searchers personal seal. Egan in ‘Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum’ describes similar seals. The recorded example is probably of a Post Medieval date, 16th to 18th century. The seal is composed of two circular discs which are connected by an integral ribbon. One discs would have a hole in the centre, the other a stud. When the discs are placed over each other and squashed together the stud is flattened holding the seal in place on the product between the two discs. One face is decorated within a beaded border, and this is formed by an ‘R’ with a symbol which is a ‘4’ with an oversized vertical stem. The letter the other side of this maybe a ‘H’ but it is faint. The surface of the object has a mid blue/grey colour. The seal measures 33.7mm long, 23.9mm wide and 3.6mm thick. It weighs 10.96g.

WAW-2ED6F5: CLOTH SEAL
Lead or lead-alloy four-part cloth seal formed by a strip of four circular discs connected by three integral ribbons. The seal is formed by the strip being folded in half at the central point, so the discs overlie each other. The two discs furthest from the fold (Discs 1 and 4 according to Egan's scheme, 1994, viii) are joined, as Disc 4 has a hole in the centre and Disc 1 has an integral rivet which is passed through the hole and then flattened to secure it. These two discs are slighter smaller than the discs nearest the fold (Discs 2 and 3). The larger discs are not joined by an integral rivet. Discs 2 and 3 each have a design stamped their faces, but Discs 1 and 4 are not stamped. Disc 2's stamp is within a beaded border and reads SIN / GLE:[] / AYS[] / [ ]. The N is reversed.The stamp is slightly off the disc and so not all the inscription can be read. Disc 3's stamp is does not fit completely on the disc. The other face has a heraldic shield which is incomplete but appears to be the royal arms, with harp at bottom left and quarterings at top left and bottom right, as used during most of the 17th century. The cloth seal weighs 6.4g, and measures 28.39mm long, 11.96mm wide and 6.38mm thick. There is a parallel seal held by the Museum of London, MOL 93.142/550a, showing the complete inscription - SIN / GLE: B / AYSE / 80.

WAW-38B693: CLOTH SEAL
The cloth seal is a two part seal, made of lead or lead alloy and has a design impressed on one face. There is a similar seal, it may be identical but this needs confirmation, in Egan’s British Museum Catologue of Seals (Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum) No. 107. Egan dates this seal to the late 16th century. The seal is thought to originate from the textile industry in Yorkshire. The seal is composed of two circular discs which are connected by an integral ribbon. One disc would have a hole in the centre, the other a stud. When the discs are placed over each other and squashed together the stud is flattened holding the seal in place on the product between the two discs. In this example the cloth has not survived. One face is has a design, and this is composed of a portcullis surmounted by a crown. The crown is not visible in detail due to damage. The portcullis has a deep impression. Bordering this design is an incomplete inscription (Lombardic lettering). The inscription reads ‘[ ]AO · VE[ ]EBORA[CI]. The seal has a well developed beige coloured patina. The seal measures 26.59mm long, 20.9mm wide and 4.75mm thick. It weighs 7.9g.

WAW-61B3C5: CLOTH SEAL
The object is possibly a cloth seal. The object is made from lead or lead alloy. It is composed of a sub-circular disc which has an integral short ribbon leading to the remains of a second disc. The first complete disc has an arched crown in high-relief on one face. The reverse is undecorated. The second disc is fragmentary and forms a 'U' shape in plan suggesting originally it had a central hole. This second disc is folded over the first disc, partially covering the crown. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a cream coloured surface. It measures 13.95mm long, 12.81mm wide and 2.34mm thick across the fold. It weighs 1.65g. Cloth seal were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23). A comparison for this example has not yet been found.

WAW-20E126: CLOTH SEAL
The lead seal is formed by two sub-circular discs connected by an integral ribbon The seal is folded at the ribbon. One disc has a hole in the centre through which an integral stud from the second disc is pushed through. The surface which has the stud pushed through has been flattened and has a device stamped on it. The device is a portcullis, with a possible crown above. It is surrounded by a legend, but only one letter is clear. Whether there is a device on the other face is not certain.

WAW-DA69A7: CLOTH SEAL
The seal is sub-circular in section. It is formed of only one disc. On the upper surface corrosion has distorted any possible design. The reverse of the disc has a stud protruding in the centre with a broken connecting strip.

WAW-DA76A4: CLOTH SEAL
Only a fragment of the seal remains, approximately a quarter in plan. It is formed of only two discs, the lower disc being more abraded than the upper disc. On the upper surface a short portion ofthe legend is visible. The device maybe a shield..

WAW-0BB8C5: CLOTH SEAL
The cloth seal is sub-circular in plan. The seal is made of two discs, which are connected by a connecting strip. One disc has a rivet which fits through the hole of the second disc and then is flattened. The surface of the rivet disc has a design which has a probable thistle, which is represented by an oval shaped body with sub-lozenge shaped cross-hatching. Protruding from the upper edge of the thistle there are three plumes. This design is bordered by an oval ridge with inward facing crosses as decoration. The other disc may have a design stamped on it, but it is not certain or clear.

WAW-E0D340: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval or Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two discs over laying each other and may have originally been part of a four-disc seal. One face of the disc is decorated with a lion rampant behind a vertical rod. The reverse of the seal has the legend '[ ] / EIN / VI'. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a mottled cream colour. It measures 18.14mm long, 15.44mm wide and 2.62mm thick. It weighs 2.7g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. Four-disc seals were first used at the end of the 16th century (Egan G. 1992 Leaden cloth Seals Datasheet 3 Finds Research Group 700-1700). The seal probably dates to the late 16th to 18th centuries.

WAW-E0E656: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by an integral ribbon. One disc has a stud, the other a hole through which the stud is positioned. One face has a beaded border within which there is a plant with flowers and has a 'V' within. The reverse disc has a prominent '21' stamped off-centre. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a mottled cream colour. It measures 24.68mm long, 19.55mm wide and 4.36mm thick. It weighs 7.5g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. The seal probably dates to the 16th to 18th centuries.

WAW-07DEC0: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by an integral ribbon. One disc has a stud, the other a hole through which the stud is positioned, and then flattened. One face has a fine beaded border within which there is a rose. The reverse disc is undecorated. The surface of the seal is slightly oxidised forming a mottled cream and dark grey colour. It measures 28.42mm long, and 17.77mm wide. It weighs 8.8g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. This example is probably a Post Medieval example, 16th to 18th centuries.

WAW-07FDF1: CLOTH SEAL
A four-disc cloth seal made from lead. There are four discs are each connected with an integral ribbon, they are then folded in half between disc two and three. The first disc has an integral stud which passes through a hole in disc four. The stud has then been slightly flattened. The second disc is stamped with a harp surmounted by a crown. Either side of the crown there is a 'C' and then a 'R'. The third disc is stamped with a 'R N // [ ]' with a legend around the edge. The legend reads 'LO[ ] 16[ ]'. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a light brown coloured surface. It measures 30.23mm long, 13.17mm wide and 5.37mm thick. It weighs 6.8g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23). This one may be dated to the reign of Charles I (1625-1649) or Charles II (1660-1685). Egan (Egan, G. 1994 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum British Museum Occasional Paper 93) illustrates two other cloth seals with a harp surmounted by a crown and are four-part seals. No. 135 is of Charles II and No. 139 is of James II.

A Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by an integral ribbon. One disc has a stud, the other a hole through which the stud is positioned. One face has a beaded border within which there is a shield with a cross, the cross of St George. The reverse disc has a legend around the outer edge which reads 'SOMERSET' with '4 / OC within. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a mottled cream colour. It measures 19.39mm long, 14.11mm wide and 3.64mm thick. It weighs 4.4g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. The seal probably dates to the 17th century and was attached to cloth from Somerset.

WAW-6A9C36: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal probably dating to the Post Medieval period, circa 1500-1724 AD. The seal comprises of two disks that have been broken and a connecting strip. The front face is decorated with the letters H O N I enclosed within a band. That in turn is enclosed within another band that would have probably circled the extant of the seal cloth. The rest of the letters cannot be seen due to wear or because they have been lost due to the fragmentary nature of the object. The remains of the reverse face are undecorated. Saunders (2001) suggests that these initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier or dyer. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. The partially surviving cloth seal is in poor condition as a result of damage probably caused by movement in the plough soil. Similar cloth seals can be seen in Egan (1995: fig 8-48). Egan (1995) explains that the marking of textiles for commercial sale with leaden seals was in widespread practice between the thirteenth and the nineteenth centuries. Examples are also illustrated in Saunders (2001:p.7;8-84; fig 19-25). The seal measures: Diameter: 13.8mm, thickness: 2.41mm and weight: 1.65g. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press. Saunders, P. (2001) Medieval Catalogue part 3. Salisbury, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum.

WAW-C81AD8: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval (14th to 18th century) lead or lead alloy cloth seal; composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by an integral ribbon. One disc has a stud, the other a hole through which the stud is positioned, and then flattened. Usually there is a design or stamp on each face, but that is not the case on this example, possibly due to wear or poor execution. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 24.31mm long, and 17.81mm wide. It weighs 7.03g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

WAW-C84DA7: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval (16th to 17th century) lead or lead alloy cloth seal; composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by an integral ribbon. One disc has a stud, the other a hole through which the stud is positioned, and then flattened. On one face is a rose surmounted by a crown. Either side of the crown are the initials C D. The legend around the edge of the face is illegible. The design on the reverse is not visible. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 22.43mm long, and 15.92mm wide. It weighs 2.96g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. This is probably an early Post Medieval example, and many are known from this period, and issued from a number of counties. Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

WAW-EB83BB: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval to Post Medieval (late 16th to 17th century) lead cloth seal: The seal is composed of two overlaying sub-circular discs, one is much larger than the second, which may be incomplete. The larger disc has probably an integral stud which has been flattened to form the second disc. The face of the larger disc has a low-relief stamped F followed by a high-relief 2 which is not in line. Beneath the 2 there is a trace of a beaded border. On the smaller disc there is a small T, then a large A which has a V-shaped bar, all within a rope border. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 23.36mm long, 18.82mm wide and 3.41mm thick. It weighs 4.8g. The seal is possibly a cloth alnage seal for faulty cloths, with the F standing for faulty, but these usually have the F in high-relief not stamped in low-relief. The style of the lettering may suggest it dates to the late 16th to 17th century, and Egan (1994) illustrates a similar style lettering on a cloth seal, No. 248. Egan, G., 1994 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum London: British Museum Occasional Paper 93

WAW-6F27B4: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by an integral ribbon. One disc has a stud, the other a hole through which the stud is positioned, and then flattened. One face has a fine beaded border within which there are three stars. The reverse disc has a fine beaded border within which there is a single arched coronet/crown. The surface of the seal is slightly oxidised forming a mottled cream and dark grey colour. It measures 19.03mm long, and 15.41mm wide. It weighs 3.8g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. This example is probably a Post Medieval example, 16th to 18th centuries.

WAW-1B832F: CLOTH SEAL
Possible Medieval to Post Medieval (14th and 18th centuries) lead or lead alloy cloth seal: The seal is composed of two discs over laying each other, both of which are incomplete, and connected by a possible stud through the hole of the second, and then flattened. There is a high-relief design which appears to be a transverse ridge which has three short ridges bisecting it. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 19.56mm long, and 16.47mm wide. It weighs 4g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. It is not possible to narrow down the date of this example. Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

WAW-FE94A3: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval (1660 to 1680) lead four-part cloth seal: The seal is composed of four discs in a row with the central two discs being joined by a ribbon. This ribbon is folded so that the two pairs of discs overlay each other. One disc has a hole in the centre through which a double-armed stud is placed and the arms bent outwards to secure it in place on the cloth. The designs on the discs consist of // shield a bend between three birds // - / CAR / SAY / 166[ ] // - //. The surface of the seal has a light brown coloured patina. It measures 28.48mm long, 13.93mm wide, 7.62mm thick and weighs 8.3g. The seal is for a type of cloth called kersey, which was a common, cheap type of woollen cloth (Egan 1994, 75) produced in Devon, Hampshire and Yorkshire (Montgomery 1984,272-3). This seal dates to 1660-1669. Egan, G. 1994 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum British Museum Occasional Paper 93 Montgomery, F.M. 1984 Textiles in America 1650-1870 New York

WAW-FF822E: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval (16th - 17th century) lead alloy incomplete cloth seal: This is an incomplete two part cloth seal comprising two circular discs linked by a long rectangular tab. Disc one has been stamped with a privy mark with WRR and a 4 above. The 4 has a long stem that extends down between the WR and R. Disc two has a slight cross-hatching. The outer section of disc one is missing. The surface of the seal has a light brown coloured patina. It measures 22.13mm long, 18.89mm wide, 3.72mm thick and weighs 4.3g. Egan (1994:181-2) illustrate similar cloth seals with privy marks of clothiers, weavers, searchers and dyers broadly dating 16th - 17th century. Egan, G. 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-814D87: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval (mid 17th to early 18th century) lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers' Company. The seal is composed of two sub-circular discs linked with an integral ribbon joining the discs. The ribbon is folded in half, thereby the two discs lay over each other. One disc has an integral stud which passes through the perforation in the second disc. Both discs have then been flattened and both faces stamped with different legends. One face reads NO/RWI/CH and the other (which is incomplete) reads [ ]STN/[ ]R[ ]/W. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a mottled cream/beige colour. It measures 21.05mm long, 20.85mm wide and 4.37mm thick. It weighs 5.24g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries as a form of quality control. The initials on the reverse are those of the twelve wardens of the Norwich Weavers' Company for one year between 1650 and 1705 (Egan 1994, 46). Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

WAW-F78568: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the Post Medieval period (AD 1689-1702). The seal is sub-circular in form and represents two out of a four-part cloth seal connected by linear tabs, the upper set of which have been broken. One face depicts the bust of William III facing right with the inscription OF . ENG. LAND surrounding, all within a rope-like border. The reverse depicts a rose with a I above, indicating a duty of one penny, within a rope border. The object has a pinkish-grey patina. Leahy and Lewis (2018: 281) have stated that cloth and bag seals, dating from the Medieval period onwards, are important artefacts representing the regulation of the cloth trade. Officials representing the cloth makers, dyers and other traders required a mark, often a lead seal, to be applied to traded cloth that met a specific standard. Such seals are of particular importance because they can be used to trace the cloth trade routes across North West Europe, particularly between England and the Low Countries. Comparable examples recorded on the PAS database include: SUR-F22E64; OXON-EF489C; and SUR-CA081C. The dimensions are as follows: 19mm in length, 13.5mm in width and 3.4g in weight.

WAW-2291F7: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete two-disc lead cloth seal dating to the early Post Medieval period (c. AD 1550-1605). The object is roughly oval in plan and has the partial remains of one disc retained in the centre of the more complete disc. On one face are the Roman numerals XXV and on the opposing face is depicted a portcullis with an initial, possibly S, to the left. The object has a white patina. The numerals, as seen on other cloth seals of the portcullis series, are understood to indicate the weight of the cloth in pounds (Elton 2017: 224). The initial S is presumed to be from the alnager's initials (ibid.). A comparable example recorded on the database is WAW-385F63. The overall dimensions are as follows: 15.96mm in length, 14.07mm in width, 3.66mm in thickness and 2.82g in weight.

WAW-DBC279: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete two-disc lead cloth seal dating to the late Medieval to early Post Medieval period (c. AD 1400-1600). The object is roughly oval in plan and has the partial remains of one disc retained in the centre of the more complete disc. On the partial disc is an S in the centre with the remains of the number 4 above. The opposing face is blank. The object has a white patina. A comparable example can be seen in Elton (2017: 252) ref. 6-BSG.CS.00049. Elton (ibid.) notes that the figure 4, also knows as the 'Staff of Mercury', can be found at the head of almost every marine merchant's mark. Such privy marks were hereditary and would be retained by different branches in a family with a slight difference in the mark to avoid confusion. The marks could be used by a variety of trades and crafts, such as ship owners, weavers, cobblers, dyers, drapers, mercers, fullers etc. (ibid: 253). The overall dimensions are as follows: 19.89mm in length, 16.87mm in width, 3.47mm in thickness and 4.33g in weight.

WAW-8EA33E: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete probable lead cloth seal dating to the Post Medieval period (c. AD 1750-1850). The object consists of one partial disc with a cast rose design in relief made up of seven pellets set within a raised border. Above this design is a bordered circular void. On the reverse are two strips which could represent the remains of the second disc. The object has a light grey patina. A comparable example seen on the PAS database is SUR-B6C687. The overall dimensions are as follows: 20.36mm in length, 12.01mm in width, 5.44mm in thickness and 3.88g in weight.

Post Medieval (late 16th to 17th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is a two-part cloth seal comprising two circular discs. Disc one is undecorated, and disc two has a stylised and ligatured privy mark reading IS with T to the right and V below. Possibly an omega or M above. The surface of the seal has a cream coloured. It measures 28.14mm long, 21.46mm wide, 6.39mm thick and weighs 12.32g. Egan (1994) illustrates similar cloth seals with a privy seal, for example Nos. 21, 219-231 dating to the late 16th to 17th century. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-54251B: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval (late 16th to 17th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is a two-part cloth seal comprising two circular discs, but the outer edges appear to be missing. There appears to be two discs, both without the stud and central perforation. One disc is undecorated, and disc two has a stylised and ligatured privy mark reading ET. The surface of the seal has a cream coloured. It measures 10.9mm long, 10.33mm wide, 3m thick and weighs 1.93g. Egan (1994) illustrates similar cloth seals with a privy seal, for example Nos. 21, 219-231 dating to the late 16th to 17th century. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-544BA3: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval (late 16th to 17th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is a two-part cloth seal comprising two circular discs, but only one disc remains which is crumpled and creased. and a trace of a connecting ribbon. The design on both discs is not clear. The surface of the seal has a cream coloured. It measures 14.17mm long, 11.98mm wide, 2.01m thick and weighs 1.13g. Egan (1994) illustrates cloth seals of varying dates, but few this small. It probably dates tothe early Post Medieval period. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-A8A2A5: CLOTH SEAL
A lead Post-medieval cloth seal. The seal comprises two sub-circular discs joined by a folded connecting strip. On one disc is a relief-stamped symbol of an anchor, the other side, 20. The seal measures 21.5mm long, 15mm wide and 3.6mm thick. The weight is 4.8g.

WAW-4BCB7A: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval (later 17th century) incomplete cast lead four part cloth seal. Two discs of a four-part seal remain, discs two and three, but the connecting ribbon is missing. Disc two has 'OF ENGLAND with a bust facing right. Disc three has a fleur-de-lis with 1 to left and ½ to the right. The seal is in fair condition and the surface has a buff patina. The largest disc measures 19.39mm long, 13.42mm wide, 1.57mm thick and weighs 1.23g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1994) as a form of quality control. This may be a 17th century example. There are similar examples recorded by Egan (Egan, 1994, Nos. 129, 130, 136, 142, and 143). These are cloth seals representing Charles II, James II and William III, therefore dating to 1660 to 1702. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-2FDDF2: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval to Post Medieval (late 15th to late 16th century) lead cloth seal: The seal is composed of. It is composed of a two overlaying sub-circular discs, one has a circular perforation the other has an integral flattened stud on the reverse. A portion of the edge is abraded suggesting originally an integral ribbon connecting the two discs. The outer face of the stud disc has a large F with a sun motif one side and a flower the other. Around the edges there is a legend, which only a fragment remains on the flan and reads '...LANGII P'. The annulet disc and the centre of the flattened stud appear to have a crown, which may surmount an ornate shield. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 23.56mm long, 22.39mm wide and 5.93mm thick. It weighs 9.6g. The seal is a cloth alnage seal for faulty cloths, with the central F standing for faulty. Over half of the alnage seals in groups from Gloucestershire have these 'faulty' stamps (Egan, 1995;56). An almost identical seal is recorded by Egan (2005, no. 110) and dated tot he late 15th to perhaps the late 16th century. Egan, G. 1994 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum British Museum Occasional Paper 93

WAW-6E2471: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval cloth seal: The lead cloth seal is composed of a sub-circular disc, which has an integral flattened stud on the reverse. On one edge there is a fragment of a ribbon which would have originally lead to the second disc, which is missing. The outer surface of the disc has a prominent 'A' with an annulet below the cross bar, with an annulet either side and above the A. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream coloured surface. It measures 23.78mm long, 18.90mm wide and 3.52mm thick. It weighs 6.37g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries as a form of quality control. Seals from Augsburg, Germany had the letter 'A' on one face, the other face had the Augsburg coat of arms which included a pine cone motif. These seals date to the 16th to 17th centuries and are found across England, accounting for a third of all Continental seals recorded in England (Egan, 1994:106). Egan, G. 1994, Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum London: British Museum Occasional Paper 93

WAW-AA7110: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal. It is composed of two sub-circular discs linked with an integral ribbon joining the discs. The ribbon is folded in half, thereby the two discs lay over each other. One disc has an integral stud which passes through the perforation in the second disc. Both discs have then been flattened and only one has been stamped. One face has '88' within an annulet and a legend forming the border. Only 'M followed by a pellet' is visible of the legend. The reverse reads doesn't appear to be stamped with a design. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a mottled cream/grey colour. It measures 20.62mm long, 12.87mm wide and 2.89mm thick. It weighs 2.8g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23) as a form of quality control. The seal probably dates to the 17th century. A similar seal is recorded on the PAS database; SF-61EA97.

WAW-FEEF62: CLOTH SEAL
A probable Post Medieval (16th to 17th century) lead or lead alloy cloth seal; composed now of a single oval discs with a flattened stud on the reverse. The outer face of the disc has a lion passant guardant, but only the lower portion of the lion is visible. The surface of the seal is a shiny light cream colour. It measures 16.37mm long, 10.45mm wide and 3.09mm thick. It weighs 2.7g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. This is probably an early Post Medieval example, and many are known from this period, and issued from a number of counties and Continental countries. Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

WAW-F38B19: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval (16th to 17th century) lead or lead alloy cloth seal; composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by a probable integral ribbon, although this is not clear. One disc appears to have two elongated triangular flat studs, which protrude through two perforations on the other disc and they are then flattened. On this face there is a design which, overall is indistinguishable, but includes motifs such as a cross and horseshoe. The other disc has an M with a small lis either side. There is another motif above the M but it is also indistinguishable . The surface of the seal is a light grey colour. It measures 18.2mm long, 15.23mm wide and 3.27mm thick. It weighs 2.83g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. This is probably an early Post Medieval example, and many are known from this period, and issued from a number of counties and Continental countries. Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

WAW-F3AE02: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval (16th to 17th century) lead or lead alloy cloth seal; composed of two discs over laying each other and connected by an integral ribbon. The two discs are not not connected with a stud, which may suggest they originally were part of a four-part cloth seal. One disc appears to have a rose possibly surmounted by a crown. The other disc has a design which is unclear. The surface of the seal is an oxidised cream colour. It measures 17.62mm long, 15.22mm wide and 3.34mm thick. It weighs 3.38g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. This is probably an early Post Medieval example, and many are known from this period, and issued from a number of counties and Continental countries. Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

WAW-C4A6A7: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval to Post medieval (14th to 18th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is an incomplete two part cloth seal comprising two circular discs linked by a rectangular tab. There are no visible marks on the seal to identify it. The surface of the seal has a cream matte patina. It measures 23.65mm long, 21.54mm wide, 2.88mm thick and weighs 5.8g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British MuseumOccasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-C4CA75: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval (17th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is an incomplete four disc cloth seal consisting of disc two and three and the connecting strip between. The cloth seal depicts a fleur-de-lis within a linear low-relief border. The other disc appears to depict three interwined, decorative letters, possibly L A S. The surface of the seal has a cream matte patina. It measures 18.11mm in length, 15.85mm in width and weighs 3.0g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1995) as a form of quality control. This may be a 17th century example. There are similar examples recorded by Egan (Egan, 1995, nos. 52, 108, 124-125 and 165) and recorded on thePAS database SF-10DF74, SF-AF8053, SF-AB00C6 and SF-DC9F34. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

Post medieval (early 17th to early 18th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is a complete two part cloth seal comprising two circular discs linked by a long rectangular tab. Disc one has been stamped with a shield with the Arms of Stuart Britain. Disc two, has a circular perforation in the centre through which the stud from disc one passes through is and flattened and a simplistic indistinguishable design or motif. The surface of the seal has a light brown, well developed patina. It measures 26.02mm long, 21.91mm wide, 4.52mm thick and weighs 7.92g. Egan (1994) illustrate similar cloth seals with Arms of Stuart Britain broadly dating early 17th to early 18th century for example Figure 20, No. 63. Egan, G. 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-D8456E: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval cloth seal: The lead cloth seal is composed of a sub-circular disc, which has an integral flattened stud on the reverse. The outer surface of the disc has a prominent 'A' with an annulet below the cross bar and a pellet above. The reverse, over the flattened stud has traces of a pine cone motif. The surface of the seal has oxidised forming a cream colour. It measures 19.42mm long, 19.49mm wide and 3.82mm thick. It weighs 5.62g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries as a form of quality control. Seals from Augsburg, Germany had the letter 'A' on one face, the other face had the Augsburg coat of arms which included a pine cone motif. These seals date to the 16th to 17th centuries and are found across England, accounting for a third of all Continental seals recorded in England (Egan, 1994:106). Egan, G. 1994, Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum London: British Museum Occasional Paper 93

Medieval to Post Medieval (14th to 18th century): An incomplete cast lead cloth seal which is composed of a sub-circular disc with an integral stud. The stud has been flattened and has been stamped with a grid design which may be a portcullis. Originally there would have been a second disc with a perforation but this is now missing therefore the full design is not visible. On the reverse the disc is decorated with a design which is unclear. The surface of the seal has an oxidised surface forming a cream coloured surface. It measures 15.29mm long, 15.27mm wide and 4.12mm thick. It weighs 2.9g. Cloth seal were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. Egan, G. 1989 'Leaden Seals for Textiles - Some Archaeological Evidence Relating to Fabric and Trade' Costume No. 23

Post medieval (late 16th to 17th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is an incomplete two part cloth seal comprising two circular discs (one of which has only the central portion remaining). Disc one, the complete disc has been stamped with a high-relief chunky I O. The incomplete disc two, has a stylised and ligatured privy mark reading possibly A // DO[ ] // M. The surface of the seal has a cream coloured. It measures 19.32mm long, 17.67mm wide, 3.12mm thick and weighs 3.32g. Egan (1994) illustrates similar cloth seals with a privy seal, for example Nos. 219-231 dating to the late 16th to 17th century. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British MuseumOccasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-EAC196: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval (1564 and 1573) incomplete cast lead cloth seal: The seal is a two part shield with heavily abraded edges. One side only is stamped and shows part of the Arms of England (a quartered shield with three lis in the upper left and bottom right quarters and three lions passant guardant in the remaining two quarters). The other face has a triple stranded cross with a sword in the first quarter (Arms of London) on a shield, possibly ornate. There is a trace of a legend visible; the edges are too eroded so much is missing. The surface is a mid cream colour. This cloth seal measures 16.6mm long, 14.35mm wide and 3.46mm in thick and weighing 4.24g. There are similar seals recorded by Egan (Egan, 1994, p. 167, no. 40, p. 170, no. 61). Egan (1994, 40 notes several examples of this type of seal from London and elsewhere and the description above is based on his for an example in the British Museum collection and notes that they are generally dated 1564 and 1573. There is a similar example recorded on the PAS database (SF-9880B2, DOR-88B229, HAMP-43576E and SF-989D77). Egan, G. 1994, Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum London: British Museum Occasional Paper 93

WAW-16E749: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval (late 16th to 17th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is an incomplete two part cloth seal comprising two circular discs (one of which has only the central portion remaining). Disc one, the incomplete disc is undecorated. The complete disc has a stylised and ligatured privy mark reading CR. The surface of the seal has a cream coloured. It measures 12.84mm long, 11.7mm wide, 2.85mm thick and weighs 2.19g. Egan (1994) illustrates similar cloth seals with a privy seal, for example Nos. 219-231 dating to the late 16th to 17th century. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British MuseumOccasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-67BEF0: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval to Post medieval (14th to 18th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is a complete two part cloth seal comprising two circular discs linked by a rectangular tab. Disc one is plain. Disc two, has a circular perforation in the centre through which the stud from disc one passes through is and flattened and has a bird facing right, looking like a bird. This is within a circular border with a legend which reads '[ ]OM'. The surface of the seal has a light brown, well developed patina. It measures 27.86mm long, 18.76mm wide, 3.76mm thick and weighs 6.73g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British MuseumOccasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-72EED5: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval (late 16th to 17th century) lead alloy seal: This is possibly an incomplete two part cloth seal which is a sub-circular. The disc has a RWR (the first R is retrograde) and they are ligatured, surmounted by a crown. The surface of the seal has a cream-coloured patina. It measures 12.97mm long, 12.47mm wide, 2.95mm thick and weighs 2.24g. Elton(2017) illustrates a similar cloth seal No. BSG.CS.0025419-231 dating to the reign of William III. Elton, S.F. 2017, Cloth Seals: An Illustrated Reference Guide to the Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth Archaeopress: Oxford.

WAW-7695C8: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval to Post medieval (14th to 18th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is an incomplete two or four part cloth seal comprising two circular discs over laying each other. lThere are no visible linking ribbons or studs. One disc is decorated with a possible heraldic shield split into quarters, with the upper left quarter having horizintal bars, otherwise it is unclear. The surface of the seal has a cream matte patina. It measures 19.62mm long, 19.79mm wide, 5.45mm thick and weighs 5.53g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. Egan, G. 1994.Lead cloth seals and related items in the British MuseumOccasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

WAW-F777D4: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval lead alnage seal probably of Queen Anne (AD1702-1714). The seal consist of two discs, joined by strip and folded around to meet. One side bears the profile bust of a woman, facing left, while simplified this resembles the bust seen on coins of Anne. The other side bears a rose. This seal is similar to SOM-30BA48 the discussion of which is valid here. Length 16.2mm, Diameter 14.1mm, Thickness 2.0mm, Mass 2.74g

WAW-C86038: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal of likely Post Medieval to Modern date (c. AD 1600-1900). The object is a double disc seal and is folded along a narrow connecting strip. The front disc has a raised design consisting of a shield with three five-pointed stars near the chief, underlined with a transverse line beneath it. There is a second outline around the shield and a raised circle on the central of the points on the chief edge, and the entire design is surrounded by a beaded circular border. The style of the shield is akin to a two engrailed shield, a design that became popular in heraldry in the 19th century, which would suggest that this likely dates to the 19th century. The shield bears a similarity to the coat of arms of the city of Leeds, though without the traditional fleece. There is some damage in a roughly sub-oval shape from around 3 o'clock to 10 o'clock on the obverse. There are some incisions on the reverse of the object resembling "2617", which is then underlined, first with one line above a roughly circular identation on the reverse, and secondly with a line below the aforementioned circular indentation. Dimensions. Length: 43.66mm. Width: 32.56mm. Thickness (across folded strip): 4.81mm. Weight: 20.00g.

WAW-FB5778: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two disc cloth seal of likely Post Medieval date (c. AD 1600-1800). The seal is made from two flat discs that would have been connected by a connecting loop (though part of the loop is now missing) with a moulded projecting tab passing through a hole in one of the discs. The discs are both very worn, though there remains elements of prior decoration. On the front disc, there is an 'A' at around half past 9 and the possible remains of a 'C H' on the tab and a 'W' or 'V' at around 7 o'clock on the edge. There are remnants of a stamped design on the reverse of the object, though it is extremely worn. The cloth seal is bent from around 4 o'clock to 11 o'clock, with the front being convex and the reverse concave. The obejct has a largely cream patina, with some light grey patches. Dimensions. Length: 23.67mm. Width: 21.14mm. Thickness: 2.98mm. Height: 6.27mm. Weight: 8.00g.

SWYOR-402D81: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy bag seal which is sub-circular. The design and legend is illegible. There is a slot though the seal through which the cord or string would have passed. The seal is 22.2mm long, 19.3mm wide and 5.5 mm thick. It is post medieval in date.

SWYOR-7D0764: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead alloy cloth seal from the post medieval period. The seal consists of a disc with a broken projecting loop. The disc is stamped on both faces but the designs are worn and difficult to interpret. There is a circular complex geometric pattern on one face, and what could be a crown on the other. The seal has a creamy yellow patina. It is 36.1mm long, 30.1mm wide and 3.1mm thick.

SWYOR-683925: CLOTH SEAL
A two-disc, lead-alloy cloth seal. The closing rivet is double, like a split pin. The face of the seal shows the legend 'nam' in lombardic script within an outer circle of pellets. The 'n' of the legend breaks the pellet circle on the left hand edge of the seal. The central upright and right hand upright of the 'm' continue below the base of the letter, bending at an angle of 45 degrees to the right and reaching to the outer pellet circle. There is an additional pellet within the outer circle below the 'a' of the legend. The lettering can also be read the otherway up as 'wer'. The seall is 17mm in diameter and 4.5mm thick. It weighs 5.43gm. This type of cloth seal was used throughout the Medieval and post medieval periods. Similar objects are discussed in the Finds Research Group datasheet number 3 by Geoff Egan.

SWYOR-9375A2: CLOTH SEAL
A circular, lead-alloy seal. It is 20.2mm in diameter and 7.5mm thick. The remains of the ferrous wire used to fasten the seal protruds from one edge, which increases the length to 26.5mm and iron corrosion can also be see in the middle of the seal, between the two lead alloy discs. It weighs 16.75gm. The front of the seal is stamped with a crown over an upward pointing arrow and a "T" which in turn are above a number "6". A similar seal with an iron wire attached is LIN-A8A236. Interestingly, this also has an upward pointing arrow marked on it, though this time alongside WD for War Department. The upward pointing arrow symbol is often seen in military contexts such as on the Bootham Hotel in York which was used as a War Office. The seal probably dates from the nineteenth or twentieth century.

SWYOR-218012: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal, dating from 1500-1650, of the type used on bales of fustian originating from the Bavarian city of Augsburg. It is a two-part seal, the outer disc being decorated with a capital A and four annulets which are spaced at regular intervals around the letter. The smaller, inner disc, carries traces of a pine cone design, though these are not very clear. The seal measures 18.2mm in diameter and 4.5mm thick. It weighs 4.95gm. An identical example can be found on the database at reference SF-A5F670. See also Egan and Saunders, Salisbury Museum Medieval Catalogue, part 3, figure26, number 150.

SWYOR-5CD611: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal dating from the Post medieval period. The object is one disc from a four disc seal and is circular and very thin. It is marked 1 1/2 over a lion couchant but the initial 1 is not visible. It weighs 0.62g.Please see the comment below for details and a reference.

SWYOR-F71605: CLOTH SEAL
Cast lead alloy cloth seal probably dating from the 17th century. The seal is circular and is just one disc of a large four disc seal from London. From the base of the disc a small rectangular broken projection or tab extends. This is folded forward upon itself and is broken. Originally, this disc would have been part of a string of four which were folded up and secured to the bale of cloth with a tab being pushed through a slot and bent over, like a modern split pin. This design is of a winged female (Angel) with arms extended. In her left hand the Angel holds a palm and the right an hourglass. The dress / robes of the angel suggest a Tudor date as they are formed from a bodice like garment and flared skirt. Around the outside edge is an inscription which reads "GLO[R]IA (IN) EXCELSIS". The words in the inscription are separated by small circular pellets. Another disc of this type of seal would have carried the arms of the city of London. The reverse is flat and appears to be undecorated. The object is a mid grey cream colour with an even but abraded patina which covers most surfaces. An example of this style of cloth seal is illustrated in Finds Research Group Datasheet 3 (Egan 1992), and examples on the database include HESH-33CDF1, NMS-381075 and BUC-6A5141.

SWYOR-5991E5: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead alloy cloth seal , dating from 1500-1800AD. It consists of two discs jointed by a strip of metal bent double to form a loop. It is stamped on both sides with roman numerals, one side reading IIIVX, and the other XXXX. It is 19.4mm in diameter and 4.8mm thick. It weighs 8.25gm.

SWYOR-1CCC94: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead alloy alnage cloth seal. Two discs survive, joined by a bent strip of lead. It is uncertain whether this was a two disc or four disc seal originally. On one face is the bust of George I facing right with the inscription [GEORGIVS] (REX) around the edge. On the opposite face is a crowned possible rose and thistle. Around the edge of the reverse should be a tax rate in pence, of which is possible number 1 is visible. Length: 14.8mm; Width 14.1mm; Thickness: 3.2mm; Weight: 2.47g. The seal has a creamy patina. George I ruled from 1714-1727 AD, although use of the bust of George I may have continued on further into the eighteenth century. Compare NLM-E0B704 and LON-D19EA7.

SWYOR-63B0A4: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Medieval to Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating from the late 14th Century to 17th Century. Half of the front disc and the whole of the back disc survive; these are joined by a bent strip of lead. The seal may be a two disc form as there is no indication of breakage of the connecting strip along the lower edge. The back disc had a central projection on the inner side which fitted through the hole in the centre of the front disc and was stamped flat to hold them together. The seal has been bent and the front is badly damaged. The front has a stamped design which is now mainly illegible. The opposite face has the stamped initial H (left of the loop) and maybe W (next to the loop head). The loop has been bent backwards and lies flush with the back disc. The seal has a creamy light-medium brown patina. Due to the amount of damage, this seal is difficult to date accurately. Reference: Finds Research Group 700-1700 Datasheet 3. Thickness: 7.51mm; Diameter: 23.41mm; Weight: 8.69g

SWYOR-CAA7C1: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-disc cloth seal of Post-Medieval date. The seal comprises one surviving sub circular disc, the rivet and a partial (but broken) connecting strip. On the disc is a relief-stamped symbol of a standing bird (probably a cockerel), with a plain line border surrounding it. The other side of the disc has been pressed against the cloth leaving a woven pattern, some of which is also impressed on the side with the bird. The seal has a light creamy brown patina. While there is no exact parallel, other cloth seals with similar designs may be found on the database at PAS record IDs: BH-E9CBD5 and IOW-AF8773. Length: 23.4mm; Width: 18.3mm; Thickness: 2.8mm; Weight: 4.42g

SWYOR-6A7010: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal which is 28.4mm long, 25.9mm wide and 4.3mm thick. The seal is formed from two discs with a rivet on one that threads through a hole in the other before being flattened. The main design is in relief on the disc with the hole through it. There is a legend round the top edge which reads "(F) : THOM [...] (CS)L". At the bottom is "3[.] / 0" stamped sideways. There may be an incised design in the centre but this is obliterated by the rivet. On the reverse is scratched "IV" and stamped "2" on its side. The seal is slightly bent and part of the edge is missing. The seal probably dates from 1400 - 1600.

SWYOR-D4EBB8: CLOTH SEAL
A post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal, probably 17th to 18th century. It consists of two discs - one smaller and one bigger. The two discs are fused together, with the smaller disc decorated with what is likely to be the makers mark. The larger disc bears scratches on the underside (possibly 23?) and on the side fused to the smaller disc, it has a cross hatch print - possibly from the cloth, created upon pressing. The two discs also have remains of the connecting strip attached to them. The strip remains on the two discs are at opposite ends to each other. It is 21.50mm x 16.90mm x 3.52mm, and 5.46g. It has a light green patina. Other examples can be seen in the Salisbury Medieval Catalogue: part 3 p.78-86.

SWYOR-53B7E8: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating from the 17th to 18th century. It consists of two discs, one smaller and one bigger and both slightly concaved. The two discs are fused together with the remains of the connecting strip attached to them. The large disc has markings on the outside; one slightly off-centre straight groove across it, one lower down, and scratches above resembling letters. The outside of the smaller disc, which is usually decorated, is bare. This is possibly due to corrosion. This makes the seal difficult to identify. The cloth seal has a pale grey and brown patina and measures 28.1mm x 26.3mm x 4.1mm. It weighs 12.41g.

SWYOR-53E6B2: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal. It consists of two discs, one smaller and one bigger. The two discs are fused together with the remains of the connecting strip attached to them. The smaller disc has a design of an anchor enclosed in a ring with 'LEEDS' stamped in relief under it. There is further, mainly illegible writing above the anchor, possibly "S[W]ANN D (...NR...)". This was probably the manufacturer's name. This seal from Leeds and probably dates from 1700-1850AD. A similar example on the database is NLM-BEC745. Although it has a different design, is constructed the same way and also carries a shield of Leeds. On the reverse of the larger disc are scratched marks, possibly "(68) / 42". These are probably codified details of the goods being transported.

SWYOR-F30EF0: CLOTH SEAL
A seventeenth century, lead alloy, cloth seal of Augsburg, South Germany, c. 1600-1625. The seal is of a type attached to bales of Fustian. It carries a letter A with a V shaped bar and an upper crossbar, representing the town of Augsburg, surrounded by four annulets spaced at 90 degree intervals around the rim of the seal. There is a raised central stud on the reverse, which carries a cross-hatched pattern representing a pinecone. It is 16.5mm in diameter and 3.7mm thick. It weighs 3.65gm.

SWYOR-556385: CLOTH SEAL
Lead cloth seal, probably post-medieval in date. The seal would have been used to mark newly-woven cloth and consists of two flat circular discs attached together with a strip, these have then been folded around the edge of a cloth and have been clipped together with a central rivet. On one face of the seal are the letters 'W&S' with 'Leeds' below in smaller letters. These were probably an indication of the manufacturer. The seal weighs 12.79g and measures 37.9mm in length, 28.03mm in width and 4mm in thickness.

SWYOR-DC9677: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval cloth seal probably dating from AD 1500 - 1700. This seal is a single disc from a probable 4 disc seal. It has an integral rivet on the reverse which would have passed through the hole in the fourth disc and then been stamped to fix the seal in place. The design on the obverse is of a fleece with an illegible legend in a beaded border. On the reverse, a few letters are visible on the rivet, probably "LY". A hanging sheep or the golden fleece is the symbol for Leeds and it seems likely that this is a seal from a company/ person involved in the cloth trade in Leeds. Compare DUR-AE5581 and YORYM-D45BF4.

SWYOR-22C214: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy seal dating from the late 18th or 19th century. It is made from two discs joined by a strip of metal, and fastened by an oval tab projecting from the back of one disc being passed through a hole in the centre of the other disc and then flattened. This style and the scratched marks on the reverse indicate the date (Egan pers comm). The disc with the hole through is has been stamped with the legend "WAKEFIELD" and a design of the letters R I flanking an anchor or merchant's mark consisting of a vertical line with a triangle at the top. The scratched marks on the reverse of the seal are in two lines, but are not legible. The seal was probably used on cloth manufactured in Wakefield. Other similar seals which mention Wakefield include BERK-07DEE5, HAMP-EC2387, LIN-293E87, and SUSS-2570D3, though none are the same design as this. They note that Egan (1994, 55) states that '[Wakefield's] textile industry took off at the very end of the seventeenth century'.

A lead alloy cloth seal of Post Medieval to Modern date, about 1750 - 1900. It is made from two discs joined by a strip of metal (now broken), and fastened by an oval tab projecting from the back of one disc being passed through a hole in the centre of the other disc and then flattened. This style and the scratched marks on the reverse indicate the date (Egan pers comm). The disc with the hole through is has been stamped with a broad arrow pointing upwards above a letter I which is above the number 188 all within a beaded border. The broad arrow was used from the late 17th century to identify material belonging to the War Department. The scratched marks on the reverse are not easy to interpret but seem to be numerals in two rows. Other War Department cloth seals include SWYOR-9375A2, IOW-025EB5, SWYOR-5B1571, SUR-AF4E05 and LIN-A8A236.

An incomplete lead alloy four-disc cloth seal, probably of Post Medieval date (1500 - 1700). The discs would have been circular (their edges of now partially broken) and connected by short, rectangular tabs. Only two discs from this seal remain, the other two have broken off and are missing. The two remaining discs have been folded together along their joining tab so that only the exterior surface of each is visible. Neither disc is perforated, meaning the missing discs probably were. The faces of the discs both display a relief square topped Royal shield. There are no inscriptions, which are often found on such seals and can inform us about the type of cloth they were used on, these may have been on the missing discs. For similar examples see BH-02E5D7, LIN-49F7C6 and SF-1C1253.

SWYOR-0F3641: CLOTH SEAL
Part of a Post medieval lead alloy cloth seal. This is one disc from a four disc seal. One face is stamped with the portcullis badge of the Tudors, with the inscription: "[...]NCHES[...]" (perhaps Winchester or Manchester?). The other face is blank or illegible. PAS record SUSS-C074D5 notes that: "The portcullis was the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century" (Egan 1995:9)". Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid. Compare also IOW-5A65C5 and NMS-50AA24.

SWYOR-0B10CD: CLOTH SEAL
Three Post Medieval lead-alloy cloth seals dating from AD 1500 - 1700. All are two part seals consisting of the central plug of lead, circular in section with the discs attached, though most of the discs and the connecting tabs are missing. 1. Seal stamped on front over plug with a portcullis. Edge of front disc missing, and reverse disc apparently plain. 18.1mm long, 14.8mm wide and 7mm thic. 4.85g. 2. Seal stamped on front over plug with a portcullis. Edge of front disc missing, and reverse disc apparently plain. 17.5mm long, 15.6mm wide and 3.3mm thick. 2.67g. 3. Seal stamped on front over plug with the initals TI with the date 157[-] below. Border legend incomplete and illegible. Reverse disc apparently plain. 18.4mm long, 8.9mm wide and 5.8mm thick. 3.47g. SOM-159864 notes that: The portcullis was "the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century" (citing Egan 1995). Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid.

SWYOR-20F4A1: CLOTH SEAL
A group of three lead alloy cloth seals of Post-Medieval date, about AD 1550 - 1700. Two of the seals are two part seals; the third may be two sections of a four part seal, though this cannot be determined with any degree of certainty. The individual details are: 1. A flat disc with a central stud, attached by a rectangular tab to a flat ring of metal which is folded over the stud. One side is impressed with a crowned portcullis within a circle and surrounded by part of a legend in gothic script. A possible reading of the part legend is (P or R)RAM or PAM. The other side of the seal is plain and unmarked. This seal is 17.1mm in diameter and 3.7mm thick. It weighs 5.58gm. 2. A flat disc with a central stud, attached by a rectangular tab to a flat ring of metal which is folded over the stud. Part of a design is visible and appears to be part of a crown. Again, the other side of the seal is plain and unmarked. This seal is 17.1mm in diameter and 4mm thick. It weighs 5.04gm. 3. This seal is different from the other two and smaller. There are two circular discs, linked by a rectangular section of metal, and both sides are impressed with a partial design. On one side the design consists of a circle, within which are three uprights linked by a horizontal base line with a curving line depending from its centre; on the other side is part of a circle with two uprights within it. This seal is 13.6mm in diameter and 3.7mm thick. It weighs 3.42gm Seals with a crowned portcullis design are thought to be cloth seals and are attributed to the sixteenth century. See: Egan, 1992, Finds Research Group, Datasheet 3, page 2.

SWYOR-84A2A7: CLOTH SEAL
Two discs from a four disc, lead alloy cloth seal, dating from the early post-Medieval period, about AD 1550 - 1700. It consists of a thin disc with a central hole, connected by a narrow strip of metal to a second, circular disc which has an integral stud. The tab is then folded so that the stud passes through the hole in the opposite disc. The seal is stamped on disc 4 (the perforated one) with a design of a square-topped shield with two vertical columns of three square holes, perhaps meant to represent a portcullis. There is an indistinct design on Disc 1, perhaps an eagle. Broken edges and the stub of a projection show where the two inner discs are missing. The seal has a cream coloured patina. It is 21.4mm long, 14.3mm long and 4.1mm thick. It weighs 4.04gm. A similar seal, with portcullis motif is illustrated in Saunders, 2001, Salisbury Museum Medieval Catalogue Part 3, page 80, number 30. In Finds Research Group datasheet 3, Geoff Egan notes that four part seals started to be used in the late 16th century, and those with a diameter of about 15mm were common in the 17th century.

SWYOR-0C5609: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead alloy disc, possibly one of the inner discs from a four disc cloth seal dating from AD 1550 - 1724 (Egan 1992, Datasheet 3). It is 12.5mm diameter and one face is decorated with a band of four raised ribs running right across the face. At right angles to this is a row of raised dots with a gap for the ridges to cross through. The reverse is apparently undecorated but has faint traces possibly of cloth impressed into it. There is no evidence of attachment or damage. The possible seal is 12.5mm diameter, 1.5mm thick, 0.83g and slightly bent. It has a well developed cream yellow patina.

SWYOR-A73677: CLOTH SEAL
A possible cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal dating from the Tudor period, abouit AD 1450 - 1600. The seal is incomplete and only a single uniface disc remains. This disc is decorated with a Tudor rose. The edge of the disc is abraded in one place, perhaps where an adjoining disc was connected. The surface of the disc has a cream coloured patina. The object measures 13.1mm diameter, 1.8mm thick and 1.53g. The object closely resembles a cloth seal, but it does not have the integral stud on the reverse so it is not clear how it would be secured to the cloth. It could be one disc from a two or four disc seal. Compare WAW-5F8532.

SWYOR-9880AC: CLOTH SEAL
Two discs from a lead alloy cloth seal, probably an alnage seal dating from the Late Medieval period, 1300 - 1500. One disc shows an open crown above a motif, perhaps a rose or double rose within a beaded circle. Part of a legend, now indecipherable, is visible outside the circle. The other disc appears to be blank. The seal is 25.4mm long, 21.8mm wide and 4.6mm thick. It weighs 7.65gm.

SWYOR-3E93D6: CLOTH SEAL
A folded, lead alloy seal, possibly a modern cloth inspection seal dating from AD 1800 - 1950. The seal is a single sheet of lead which is folded double and fastened shut with a central rivet. One face, pierced by the fastening stud, has a rounded end and carries an impression in relief reading: "[...]IM(P)SON A[...]" round the edge. There are also two numbers: "36" which have been crudely inscribed with a sharp tool. The other face has a square end and carries an impression in relief of three lines of small, rectangular cartouches each containing a letter or number that read: [-]45//B6I//3(9)73. These may possibly have been stamped individually. The centre of the square end has a short, rectangular protrusion that has been folded over between the two main faces of the seal. The seal is 27.2mm long, 23.3mm wide and 8.8mm thick. It weighs 16.06gm. Other seals with similar stamped letters can be seen on the Bagseal Gallery: www.bagseals.org/gallery such as BSG.CS.00321 and BSG.CS.00318 which are interpreted as Modern cloth seals.

A Post Medieval, lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating from AD 1500-1700. It consists of two circular discs, one of which is perforated to take an integral rivet. The impression on the seal has been made on the perforated side, rendering it difficult to read but it appears to consist of design flanked on the right by a feather on a ground line within a beaded double circle which contains a legend. Part of the legend reads [...]NI WE[...] but the rest is illegible. On the other, unperforated side are two characters in relief that may be 30 or 08 depending on the orientation of the piece. The seal is 21.80mm in diameter and 4.3mm thick. It weighs 7.11gm.

SWYOR-08DD75: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval, lead alloy cloth seal dating from AD 1660 -1669, probably 1665. It consists of a circular disc with a rectangular tab extending from one side. The tab remains in place and is bent in two. This is probably a sole surviving disc from a four disc cloth seal. On one side the disc carries a two line impression in relief reading CAR / SAY / 166(5). The other side is plain except for a small raised pellet in the centre. The seal measures 19.02mm in length, 3.86mm in thickness and 12.18mm in diameter. It weighs 2.11gm. A similar cloth seal is recorded as LANCUM-E352C2. The record notes that: The word CARSAY refers to the cloth Kersey: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kersey_(cloth)): "Kersey is a kind of coarse woollen cloth that was an important component of the textile trade in Medieval England. It derives its name from kersey yarn and ultimately from the village of Kersey, Suffolk, having presumably originated in that region. However the cloth was made in many places. It was being woven as early as 1262 in Andover, Hampshire, where regulations prohibited the inclusion of Spanish wool in kerseys. By 1475, the West Riding of Yorkshire including Calderdale was also a major producer. Kersey was a lighter weight cloth than broadcloth. English kerseys were widely exported to central Europe and other places: a surviving business letter from the end of the 16th century recommends to trade kerseys for good wine on the Canary Islands. Kersey yarns were spun in large gauges (thicknesses) from inferior carded wool, and made thick and sturdy cloth. Kersey was a warp-backed, twill-weave cloth woven on a four-treadle loom. As a rule, half the relatively small, numerous and closely set warp ends [threads] were struck with a big kersey weft in a two-and-two, unbalanced and highly prominent twill. The rest of the ends were simultaneously struck in a one-and-three twill, so they appeared mainly on the back of the cloth, while the back-warp stitches on the face of the cloth were concealed among the face-warp threads. One of the secrets of weaving a good kersey lay in combining the adequate stitching of the weft by the back warp with the concealment of the back-warp stitches. The back of the cloth was napped and shorn after fulling, producing a dense, warm fabric with a smooth back." See also YORYM-7FAEC6 and Egan, G. 1992. Leaden Cloth Seals. Datasheet 3. Finds Research Group 700-1700 Datasbeets 1-24. 1985-1998. Reprographic Unit, University of Oxford.

SWYOR-752F41: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal, probably of post medieval date, AD 1550 - 1750. Originally it consisted of two or more discs, one with an integral fastening rivet and the other with a central perforation. The perforated disc has broken away and is missing. The outer side of the remaining disc carries the impression of two characters, a plain cross, followed by what may be a letter A. On the reverse a casting rib and thick projection in the centre (the rivet) can be seen. The seal is 17.4mm in diameter and 5.9mm thick. It weighs 5.25gm. Compare YORYM-8A0FA1 and IOW-6DDF96.

SWYOR-1155B8: CLOTH SEAL
A four disc, lead alloy cloth seal, dating from the early post-Medieval period, about AD 1550 - 1700. It consists of four thin discs connected in sequence by narrow, thin strips.The disc at one end of the row has a circular perforation and that at the opposite end an integral spike. The strip of metal between the two central discs is then folded over so that the spike on one end passes through the perforation at the other. The two central discs are then impressed with a design. On this seal the design on one side is of a plain cross within a wire line circle, each angle of the cross containing a foliate ornament, possibly an oak leaf or ear of wheat. On the other side is a cockerel, advancing left, above a strung bow which is shown horizontally, string uppermost. The cockerel is flanked by two numerals, 5 and 7. The seal is 31.5mm long and 9.9mm thick. The impressed discs are 15.6mm in diameter. The seal weighs 9.11gm. This seal is also included on the database of the Bag Seal Gallery at http://www.bagseals.org/gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=22192, where it is suggested that the 5 and 7 may represent the date 1657, which falls within the period when four disc seals were in common use (Egan, 1992, Finds Research Group, Datasheet 3, page 3).

SWYOR-6F3342: CLOTH SEAL
A lead Post Medieval cloth seal, probably dating from AD 1500 - 1700. It is a two disc seal, or possibly an incomplete four disc seal. The legiable face has the letters BB (the first one retrogade) with either an X or scissors between them, and a probable crown above. The seal has a well developed cream to yellow patina. The seal is 16.8mm long, 13.1mm wide and 3.6mm thick. 3.8g. No close parallel has been found, but another seal with a B and scissors on is HAMP-94BB12, and SUR-143677 has the royal cipher of William III which is a crown over R (retrograde) W R which has similarities.

SWYOR-A03611: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete, two disc, lead cloth seal of early Post-Medieval date, about AD 1500 - 1650. The seal is circular in plan, though a considerable amount of the upper disc has broken away and is now missing. The front face carries a moulded design in the form of a pinecone and the second, smaller, disc a moulded letter A. The seal has a light, cream patina. It is 14.6mm long, 13.5mm wide and 3.6mm thick. It weighs 2.52gm. Other seals with this design are recorded on the database: compare for example records DUR-6BC35E, SOM-8C1932 and LIN-0D85A. This last reference suggests that the letter A may indicate Augsburg as the origin of the seal and cites Saunders, P. (ed.), 2001, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Medieval Catalogue: Part 3, page 70. See also page 296 of Elton (2017) which notes that the pine cone was a symbol of Augsberg from the late 15th century, and the capital letter A began to be used on seals in the mid 16th century. Augsberg seals are from linen warp cotton weft fabrics known in England as Ousbrow or Augusta fustians in the 16th and early 17th century.

SWYOR-2A0927: CLOTH SEAL
A late medieval or early post-medieval two disc lead cloth seal, probably dating about AD 1464-1600. It has a length of 20.0mm, width of 19.0mm, and thickness of 3.2mm, and weighs 8.09g. The cloth seal is heart-shaped and has a the device of a crowned letter F on its face. On the reverse is an integral smaller sub-oval disc which has the remnants of a secondary, indecipherable design. The seal has a a light creamy grey patina. Geoffrey Egan argues the F denotes 'faulty', perhaps cloth faultily dyed, noting 'several stamps have a thinner version of the F, with a crown above', like this one. He highlights that legislation for faulty cloths (and consequently their marking on seals) was introduced by statute in 1464. He goes on to note that the device of the crowned F continued in use 'into the first half of the 16th century, and perhaps later ...' (Egan 1987, pp. 45-47). See also SOM-61B2CC.

SWYOR-2CB19D: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, dating from the Post-Medieval period, about 1650 - 1700. The outer face is impressed with a fleur-de-lys above a three line legend reading WORST/ED REF/ORMED: the reverse inscription, also in three lines, is incomplete but appears to read [-]0/1/2 and probably indicates the quantity of yards the piece contained, perhaps 29 1/2 (see Egan, 1987, page 173 and BH-1A11D7). The seal is 21.9mm long, 18.6mm wide and 3.1mm thick. It weighs 4.13g. A seal of this type is illustrated and discussed in Elton, 2017, Cloth Seals: An Illustrated Reference Guide to the Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth, page 112. Other seals of this type are also recorded on the database: see for example references LON-CF3834, PUBLIC-8FC4A8 and BERK-949CCB.

SWYOR-66CA16: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of Medieval to post-Medieval date, about AD 1350 - 1800. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central double rivet (like a split pin) and linked by an integral loop. The rivet disc (disc 1) is either incomplete or is a small rectangular module, smaller than the rove disc. Disc one is stamped with an Arabic numeral 2 in relief near the connecting tab. The rove disc (disc two) is stamped with a legend round the edge of which the legible letters are: "[...] AI DAY[--]ML[...]. There is no visible central design. The seal is 25.5mm in diameter and 4.6mm thick. It weighs 8.66g. The metal is patinated to a cream and grey colour. Compare YORYM-142773, SF-F04DA6, and SUSS-C074D5, the records for which note that: "Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control.

SWYOR-1CBDE6: CLOTH SEAL
A complete four-part lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, dated AD 1660. It is formed from four flattened discs joined at the middle by a short rectangular connecting strip. They are folded so that the outer two discs meet and are held together by a central circular flattened rivet. The two inner discs have impressed stamps. One depicts the arms of the Commonwealth with a possible rose and another symbol above. The opposite disc carries a shield bearing the arms of the Clothworkers' Company, namely 'sable a chevron ermine in chief two havettes argent and in base a teasel cob or' (a chevron with ermine, two havettes above and a teasel below). The 'havettes' were the hooks used to attach the fabric to the forms for teaselling. The remaining two discs do not appear to have ever been stamped. The seal measures 29.9mm long, 14mm wide and 7.8mm thick. 11.11g. Compare SF-004062 and NMS-F9F872. SF-004062 notes that the Arms of the Commonwealth on this seal are of interest because of the association with the Clothworkers' Company who, according to their online history counted Alderman Sir John Ireton, brother of Oliver Crowmwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton (who actively supported regicide and was a signatory on Charles I's death warrant), as its Master between AD 1652-1653.

SWYOR-803D57: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead alloy disc, probably one of the inner discs from a four disc cloth seal dating from AD 1550 - 1724 (Egan 1992, Datasheet 3). The disc has the remains of rectangular projecting tabs at two opposing edges, where the other discs of the seal would have attached. There is a raised rim on one face, but no visible design on either face. The possible seal is 13.9mm long, 11.8mm wide and 1.4mm thick. 0.96g. It has a well developed grey yellow patina.

A post-medieval lead alloy disc, probably one of the inner discs from a four disc cloth seal dating from AD 1550 - 1724 (Egan 1992, Datasheet 3). The disc is rather square in plan, and has the remains of a rectangular projecting tab at one edge (the tab bends backwards on itself), and an area of damage opposite, where the other discs of the seal would have attached. There is a raised rim on one face, and an impressed shield on the other.The shield is the Arms of England. It has four quarters. The top right quarter of the shield depicts a lion rampant; the bottom left quarter depicts a harp. The remaining two quarters of the shield are further sub-divided into four quarters, each one showing three lis in the top left and bottom right and three lions passant in the other two quarters. The seal is 15.3mm long, 16.5mm wide and 1.2mm thick. 1.24g. It has a well developed grey patina.

SWYOR-C24A92: CLOTH SEAL
Part of a lead alloy four disc cloth seal dating from AD 1550 - 1700. Only one inner disc of the seal survives. It is stamped on one face with a square topped shield charged with three fleur de lis. The reverse is blank. A projecting rectangular tab indicates where the two discs of the other side of the seal would have been attached, and damage to the opposing edge suggest where the final fourth disc would have been positioned. The seal is 18.6mm long, 12.5mm wide and 1.8mm thick. 1.48g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries, but the first four disc seals were probably used at the end of the 16th century and were widely used in the 17th century (Egan, 1992, Finds Research Group datasheet 3, page 2-3). The use of lis heraldry suggests a connection with France, probably imported cloth. Compare WAW-5DF3D2 and NMS-DBA9A6.

SWYOR-460BEA: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, about AD 1350 - 1750. It is a two part seal, consisting of two discs, linked by a rectangular strip of lead (now missing), one disk with a central, circular perforation, the other with a central, integral rivet. The seal is closed by folding it in two, passing the rivet on one disc through the perforation on the other and crimping the two together. It is also possible that these are the two outer discs of a four-disc seal. The rivet on this example is embossed with a raised letter R and is marked on the flat face with deeply indented letters H D, the H being larger than the D. On this face there are also shallow scratch marks which, dependent on the angle at which they are viewed, could be interpreted as a small W above an incomplete W. The seal is 23.2mm in diameter and 3.7mm thick. It weighs 8.2g.

SWYOR-6451B9: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal dating from the Post- Medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1700. It is formed from of two circular lead discs pressed together, ubut it is not clear whether it they are from a two disc or a four disc cloth seal. One disc is unmarked and the other disc carries an embossed heraldic design consisting of a rectangular shield with rounded corners, divided into quarters, of which two are visible. There are three fleurs in one quarter and a horizontal motif in the visible part of the other. They were probably part of the royal arms. The seal has a pale cream patina. It is 14.68mm long, 13.83mm wide and 4.77mm thick. It weighs 3.49g.

SWYOR-655C67: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal from Augsberg, dating from the early Medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1650. It is either one thick disc or two circular discs joined by a narrow strip of lead, folded to bring the discs together. Both discs are impressed with a raised design. On the front disc is an incomplete upper case letter A, for Augsberg. The reverse carries a design of a stylised pine cone above a horizontal band containing six pellets. The seal has a dark brownish-cream patina. It is 14.35 mm long, 12.74 mm wide and 3.12 mm thick. It weighs 2.31 g. Augsberg seals are illustrated in Egan, 1994, 'Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum (British.Museum Occasional Paper number 93), figure 41, numbers 308 - 310. Egan says "Seals from the fustians (mixed linen-warp and cotton-weft fabrics) of Augsburg, known to contemporaries in this country as 'Ousbrow or Augusta fustians', are among the most common and widespread of all the recorded imports in England, constituting almost one third of the Continental seals found here...Sixteenth to early seventeenth-century dating seems appropriate for these.".

SWYOR-F74A7B: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two disc rivet type lead cloth seal of Medieval to Post Medieval date, AD 1300 - 1850. The seal is a two-disc rivet type. The discs are joined by a connecting looped tab, while the hole in one disc is filled with the remains of an integral flattened rivet from the other disc. The rivet hole face is worn and abraded with no visible markings. The reverse face is worn and abraded but faint markings in rocker arm or rouletting is visible, perhaps forming number 25, or a capital letter N or Z. There is an overall pale brown patina. Length: 25.86mm, Width: 19.28mm, Thickness: 8.56mm and Weight: 8.94g. Geake (2001) notes, "Cloth seals began to be applied in the medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards (Egan 1998, 261); the alnage was administered until 1724 (Egan in Saunders (ed.) 2001, 43), [but seals continued to be used as labels on cloth into the 19th century]. Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence." Two disc seals were used throughout this period. SWYOR-284449 also notes that Egan (1994) has catalogued several seals of this type: compare, for example nos. 233-243, pp. 83-86 and 183. There are many similar examples on the database.

SWYOR-F2A822: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal dating from the later Post Medieval period, about 1700-1850. The seal is a two disc rivet type; in this example the connecting tab has become, probably post-depositionally, squashed between the two discs. Both discs have beaded borders in moulded relief, but the inner one has no other legible markings; the outer disc has the seriffed numbers 1 3 2, or possibly A 3 2, above which are the illegible remnants of a design; there is a transverse moulded line above the 2. The numerals probably refer to the length or weight of the cloth. The object, which has a light grey patina, has a length of 27.38mm, a width of 17.79mm, and a thickness of 5.40mm. It weighs 12.15g. The seal may be a searcher's seal similar to examples on page 243 - 247 of Elton (2017). Elton notes that rectangular searcher's seals that name the searcher were often found on cloths that were 32 yards long.

SWYOR-01267E: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two disc rivet type lead cloth seal of medieval or post-Medieval date, about AD 1300 - 1700. The seal is a two-disc rivet type, and probably the personal seal of a clothier or weaver. The discs are joined by a broken connecting looped tab, while the hole in one disc is filled with the integral flattened rivet from the other disc. Bth faces are worn and there is no surviving decoration of inscription. There is an overall mid grey patina. Length: 41.5mm, Width: 31.1mm, Thickness: 3.7mm and Weight: 15.81g Geake (2001) notes, "Cloth seals began to be applied in the medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards (Egan 1998, 261); the alnage was administered until 1724 (Egan in Saunders (ed.) 2001, 43). Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence." SWYOR-284449 and SWYOR-F74A7B are similar examples.

SWYOR-EE0201: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two disc cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval period, AD 1553 - 1700. It is an example of the County series bearing a crowned portcullis. The two discs are fastened by a split pin type arrangement and a connecting tab. Disc 1 is illegible. The rivet projects from its reverse. Disc 2 is a ring, with the rivet projecting through the centre and then squashed flat. The design is a portcullis of four by four squares with a crown above. Any lettering at the sides, or a surrounding legend identifying the county is illegible. The seal is 22.36mm long, 18.06mm wide and 4.3mm thick. 6.9g. The County series starts in AD 1553 (Egan, 1992, page 2). Egan (1994: 9) notes that the portcullis was "the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century". Similarly Elton (2017: 223) states that the design 'may have continued into the early years of James I', which implies a date of about 1610. However, the design does also appear to have occurred on later seals, for example DENO-681C35 and no. 151 published by Egan (ibid: 178) from the reign of Queen Anne.

SWYOR-D5DFF8: CLOTH SEAL
A complete sub circular two disc rivet type lead cloth seal, probably post-medieval in date, about AD 1500 - 1900. The discs are connected by a central integral flattened rivet which passes through a hole in the other disc. Both discs have a broken connecting loops at one end. One disc also has projections at the other end, perhaps from poor finishing. The upper disc is marked with initials over an identification number reading: (S )[-]) / 0 / 348. The surface of the lower disc is damaged and unclear and there are no other identifying marks visible.The patina is light brown with small patches of grey. The diameter is 19.2mm, the thickness is 13.0mm (combined thickness of both discs) and the weight is 13.68g. Geake (2001) notes, "Cloth seals began to be applied in the medieval period, with documentary references from the late 14th century onwards (Egan 1998, 261); the alnage was administered until 1724 (Egan in Saunders (ed.) 2001, 43). Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence." Further though, lead seals were used into the 19th century by the Army and the East India Company, as well as by individual mill owners and colthiers using the seals as labels.

SWYOR-DFB8F9: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval period, about AD 1600-1850. The seal is a two-disc rivet type with a long connecing tab. The upper disc is inscribed "N o // 29" which could relate to the length of the cloth, but the N could also be interpreted as a W. The lower disc has a flattened rivet which joins the two discs. There is an area of close spaced transverse lines in the centre, but no visible design. The object is 50.7mm long, 22.7mm wide, 9.2mm thick and weighs 15.95g. The seal itself , which is sub-circular is 19.2mm in diameter and 5.4mm thick. Often numbers were scratched on the reverse surface rather than moulded, suggesting perhaps that this particular seal was of a proforma kind, while the scratched examples are marked when the cloth has been measured. Compare SWYOR-284449 and FAKL-AC2376.

SWYOR-9A7D83: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, about AD 1350 - 1750. It is probably a two part seal, consisting of two discs, linked by a rectangular strip of lead (now missing). One disk has a central, integral rivet. The seal is closed by folding it in two, passing the rivet on one disc through the perforation on the other and crimping the two together. On part of the circumference the remains of the linking tag can be seen and this is a small lip on both faces.There are shallow scratch marks on the side without the rivet but these cannot be interpreted and apart from these marks the seal is worn and has no visible markings. It has a light yellow grey patina. The seal is 17.3mm in diameter and 4.7mm thick. It weighs 6.53g. A range of cloth seals can be seen on the database including SWYOR-460BEA.

SWYOR-C12C2E: CLOTH SEAL
A two disc riveted type of lead cloth seal of post-Medieval or early modern date, about AD 1750 - 1900. The two discs are joined by a rectangular connecting tab, and the hole in the smaller disc is filled with the integral flattened rivet from the other. The rivet terminates in an oval tab. The rivet face markings are not legible and there appears to be a series of scratches on the other face, but they are no longer intelligible. The seal is 29.1mm in diameter and 5.6mm thick. It weighs 20.59g. Including the tab the length is 35.4mm. The seal has a light grey patina. See and also this example is similar to SWYOR-B32867.

SWYOR-C1439C: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two disc riveted type lead cloth seal of Medieval or post-Medieval date, about AD 1350 - 1700. The seal is a two-disc rivet type. The discs are joined by a connecting strip and there is an integral flattened rivet from one disc, passing through a hole in the other disc. Both faces are worn and there is little surviving decoration or inscription. A design in relief is visible on the flattened rivet. It is a central lozenge outline with a line extending from each corner. There are traces of two possible circles near the edge. There is an overall mid grey patina. Length 23.4mm; width 16.0mm; thickness 4.2mm and weight 6.35g. the seal is damaged, with part of the edge missing. See the finds recording guide for details and also see examples SWYOR-01267E and SWYOR-B32867.

SWYOR-12D5EB: CLOTH SEAL
A complete sub-circular two-disc rivet type lead cloth seal, probably post-medieval in date, about AD 1550 - 1800. The discs are connected by a central integral flattened rivet which passes through a hole in the other disc and projects outwards and by a broken connecting loop at one side. Disc one has letters or numbers in relief, but sadly they are illegible. The rivet projects from the reverse. Disc two (the ring shaped disc) is stamped with a shield, possibly crowned, containing a lion rampant left holding a sword. This could indicate that the seal is from the Netherlands. It is 23.3mm long,19mm wide and 8.5mm thick (both discs combined and projecting rivet). It weighs 15.4g. Cloth seals were used from the mid 14th century, but the system of attaching seals to cloth was at its most complex in the 17th century, and their use continued into the 19th century. See Egan (1992) Finds Research Group Datasheet 3.

SWYOR-36C2E5: CLOTH SEAL
A two disc, lead cloth seal dating from the Post-Medieval period, about AD 1550 - 1750, probably AD 1600 - 1699. The two discs are fastened by a split pin type arrangement and a connecting tab. Disc 1 is illegible, possibly blank. The rivet projects from its reverse. Disc 2 is a ring, with the rivet projecting through the centre and then squashed flat. The outer legend is damaged and worn with the letters (N)O:16 visible near the connecting loop - this may be the year 16[--]. The central rivet is stamped with the letters (L)O over [-](L)F, over LD. It is 21.6mm in diameter and 3.7mm thick. It weighs 7.7g. Cloth seals were used from the mid 14th century, but the system of attaching seals to cloth was at its most complex in the 17th century, and their use continued into the 19th century. See Egan (1992) Finds Research Group Datasheet 3.

SWYOR-1B301E: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal, dating from about AD 1350 - 1900. It is complete and sub-circular, consisting of a sub circular disc with a smaller sub circular disc attached to it by a long rectangular tab. the smaller disc has a central hole, through which the integral central rivet of the larger disc would have projected. These components are squashed together. The surface are very worn and smooth, and no lettering or design is visible. The object is 28.4mm in diameter, 5.7mm thick and weighs 19.49g. Two disc cloth seals were used from the late 14th century into the 19th century. A date in the later end of this range seems likely.

SWYOR-F24DA1: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete, two disc, lead cloth seal of early Post-Medieval date, about AD 1500 - 1650. The seal is circular in plan, though a considerable amount of the upper disc has broken away and is now missing. The front face carries a moulded design in the form of a pinecone and the second, larger, disc a moulded letter A with a pellet in the centre and an annulet to the side. The seal has a light, cream patina. It is 16.5mm diameter, 4.5mm thick. 3.23g. Other seals with this design are recorded on the database: compare for example records SWYOR-A03611, DUR-6BC35E, SOM-8C1932 and LIN-0D85A. This last reference suggests that the letter A may indicate Augsburg as the origin of the seal and cites Saunders, P. (ed.), 2001, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Medieval Catalogue: Part 3, page 70. See also page 296 of Elton (2017) which notes that the pine cone was a symbol of Augsberg from the late 15th century, and the capital letter A began to be used on seals in the mid 16th century. Augsberg seals are from linen warp cotton weft fabrics known in England as Ousbrow or Augusta fustians in the 16th and early 17th century.

SWYOR-5E22C8: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead sub-circular cloth seal dating from the later medieval or post medieval periods, about AD 1350 - 1900. It is a two disc seal with a double rivet (like a split pin) projecting from the centre of disc 1 and passing through a hole in disc two before being flattened against the back of disc two. No design or lettering on either disc is legible. A damaged strip connecting the two discs projects from the edge. The seal has three further perforations - neat circular holes, punched from the front of disc one. It is not clear whether these were crated before or after use. The object has a length of 32.54mm, a width of 27.06mm, and a thickness of 5.36mm. It weighs 12.06g. Compare NMS-C9B764 which is also perforated.

SWYOR-6F65CA: CLOTH SEAL
A two piece lead cloth seal of post-Medieval date, probably about AD 1500 - 1700. It consists of two discs joined by a short tab, one disc having a large central hole and the other an integral, divided flat rivet. The tab has been folded then the rivet has been passed through the hole and flattened during the stamping process to complete the fastening. Both sides are impressed with lettering which appears to read London: LON on one face and DON on the other. The seal has a light cream patina. It is 5.8mm long, 11.8mm wide and 4.2mm thick. It weighs 2.97g. Compare NMS-128034.

A lead artefact, probably one part of a two part lead cloth seal dating from the post-Medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1800. It is flat and discoid, and there are faint traces of an impressed design on both sides, most of which are very worn and unclear. Those elements that can be seen consist largely of short, straight lines. The seal has a light grey patina. It is 17.2mm, in diameter and 1.6mm thick. It weighs 2.16g. It is possible that this is a lead token of some type, but the diameter and thickness suggest that the identification as a seal is more likely.

SWYOR-E694A9: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete disc from a two or four-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating from AD 1600 - 1700. It shows a fleur de lis and is probably from an alnage seal. A 2 lies in the upper left quarter, referring to the tax (alnage) paid on the cloth. Elton states that the fleur de lis is ubiquitous on cloth seals, but came into use with the Stuarts (Cloth Seals. An illustrated Reference Guide to the Identification of Lead Seals attached to Cloth: From the British Perspective. Stuart F Elton. Archaeopress 2017, page 217). It has a pale brown patina. It is 13.5mm in length, 10.97mm wide, 1.47mm thick and weighs 0.63g.

A lead alloy cloth seal probably dating from the reign of James I, 1603 - 1625. It is one disc of a probable four disc seal, with broken tabs which would have linked the discs at each end, and a damaged rivet on the reverse. The rivet would have been passed through a hole in one of the other discs before being stamped to press it together and seal it. The only design visible is on the front of the surviving disc. It has a crowned thistle flanked at the top by the letter I (R) (standing for James Rex?) and a legend which reads COLCH[ESTE]R. Compare to NMS-631284 which cites Egan (1994) no. 23, fig. 11.

SWYOR-390E45: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal probably dating from 1750 - 1850 AD. It is formed of two discs joined by a strip of metal. A tab on the reverse of one disc has been passed through a hole in the centre of the other disc before being stamped together. The disc with the central hole has been stamped with the letters S B flanking a merchant's mark. This takes the form of a vertical line with a loop o each side in the centre. Near the top are two cross bars, the upper one shorter than the lower, and a oval loop at the left end of the upper cross bar. A diagonal line at the let end of the upper bar joins it to the top of the vertical line, like a 4. At the base, the vertical line divides into an inverted V. This is superimposed with a V the correct way up. On the other disc (which is cracked) are faint scratched marks forming a W and maybe an X, with perhaps another symbol which is indistinct. The tab joining the two discs is broken. According to Geoff Egan (pers. comm.) seals with a regular oval tab passed through a hole in the disc with scratched marks date from the late 18th - 19th century. Compare also SUR-387082, SF7605, SF8425, BH-987B86, SUR-229A14 and SUR-06B7C7 which are all seals with merchant's marks.

SWYOR-4C1EFA: CLOTH SEAL
A possible incomplete Post Medieval cloth seal dating from about AD 1500 - 1700. It could be one disc of a rivet type seal of two or four discs that was not fastened by putting the integral rivet through the hole on the opposing disc successfully. It has a stamp impression on one face, but the circular sectioned integral rivet protruding from the other has not been squashed flat, though it does possibly have traces of a stamped design on it, perhaps an A or V. The surviving impression on the main face seems to be a crowned I surrounded by a wreath, all within a beaded border, and outside the border, a legend of which only a little can be seen: S, retrograde N, three cinquefoil stops separated by foliage, then the letters VOL. The object has a grey patina. The surviving disc is not complete and part of the legend is missing. It is 24.3mm long, 18.2mm wide, 7.7mm thick and 7.43g.

A lead Medieval or Post Medieval cloth seal dating from AD 1450 - 1700. It is a two disc seal, the discs joined by a tab forming a loop and crimped together. One disc is plain. The other is stamped with a chequered shield. The seal is 24.2mm long, 16.3mm wide and 3.9mm thick. 7.13g.

A lead alloy cloth seal probably dating from the 16th century. The front of the disc has a raised design consisting of a crowned Lombardic letter H flanked by two sprigs of foliage within a beaded circle. there may have been a legend beyond the circle. On the reverse there is a central flattened projection or rivet. Compare NLM-3BF1C1 and IOW-4A5FC1 as well as LIN-A05668 which has the legend HENRICVS REX surrounding the design surviving. The Lincolnshire record notes that: "The legend probably refers to Henry VII because of the probably open (non-imperial) crown (or possibly Henry VI). The crown is somewhat worn but if it was arched it which would make the seal late Henry VII or Henry VIII. It is probably an alnage seal, though it could be a customs one (also presumably for a cloth)."

SWYOR-DDA9B5: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal dating from about AD 1750 to 1900. The seal has two discs joined by a strip. A regular oval tab projecting from the centre of one disc passes through a hole in the centre of the other disc and is then stamped. On one side are the words YORK AND SHE[EPSHANKS] as a border surrounding the word LEEDS in the centre of the field. The back of the seal has faint scratch marks. Seals of this design date from the late 18th or 19th century (Egan pers.comm). The York and Sheepshanks company was a cloth manufacturer based in Leeds during the 18th and 19th centuries and it seems likely that this seal was used to confirm the production and quality of a bale of cloth. Another example on the databse is DUR-F56017.

SWYOR-0248BB: CLOTH SEAL
A four disc lead cloth seal of post-Medieval date, about AD 1530 - 1649, probably AD 1560 - 1569. The four discs are cast in a line, folded in half and attached by an integral rivet on one end disc passing through a hole in the other end disc. The design on the rivet disc is unintelligable. The next disc shows the arms of England (a quartered shield of fleurs and lions). The next disc has the arms of the Clothmaker's Company of London (granted in 1530 accoding to NMS-CD64A6), which are: Sable, a chevron ermine, in chief, two crabbets, argent, in beizel or bezeal, or. In non-heraldic terms this is a square topped-shield with an inverted chevron carrying five ermine, with two tenterhooks or havettes above and a teazel below. A date above the shield may read 156[-]. Any design on the holed disc filled with the rivet is not visible. It is 29.2mm long, 12.1mm wide and 8.5mm thick. It weighs 8.16g. A good parallel is SF-1D54A7. Similar cloth seals with the Commonwealth arms are known, such as SWYOR-44D7B1 and SWYOR-1CBDE6, which presumably were used from about AD 1649.

A leaden cloth seal alnage disc dating from the Post Medieval period: part of a four-disc seal connected by a leaden strip. Uniface, Charles II type, about 1660-1688. Head of monarch right in beaded circle: legend OF ENGLAND. Roman numerals VI outside of beaded circle. The object has a diameter of 15.69mm, a thickness of 1.37mm, and weighs 1.35g. Compare IOW-5327FA.

SWYOR-5A8B79: CLOTH SEAL
Part of a lead alloy probable cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1750. It is probably part of a two disc or four disc seal. The integral rivet survives, and the stub od a joining tab, but only one disc. The initial M or W might be discerned, or it may be a zigzag line, stamped on the end of the rivet. The object, which is broadly circular, has a length of 20.88mm, a width of 20.69mm, and a thickness of 6.64mm. It weighs 4.68g.

SWYOR-82B939: CLOTH SEAL
A incomplete flat and circular disc lead cloth seal, dating from the medieval to post medieval period, about AD 1350 - 1900. Two discs survive, including the integral rivet and the disc it passes through. There is no discernable design or inscription on the seal, but there are scratches on the outer face of the rivet disc. These can sometimes indicate a 19th century date. The flattened rivet is visible as raised central elongated oval ridge running horizontally across the center of the seal. The remains of a projection on the outer edge indicate the incomplete tab connecting the discs to each other or to another two discs. The diameter is 15.6mm, the thickness is 3.4mm and the weight is 4.21g. Reference: Cloth seals an Illustrated Reference Guide to the Identification of Lead seals Attached to Cloth. Stuart F. Elton.

SWYOR-ADF8E6: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead cloth seal of post-medieval date. The seal is of the two disc type sealed by a central rivet and linked by an integral loop. The upper disc is stamped with a portcullis, surrounded by an illegible legend, possibly "[...]CA[___]V[___]". The reverse is undecorated. The metal is patinated to a cream and grey colour. Compare YORYM-142773, SF-F04DA6, and SUSS-C074D5, the records for which note that: "Cloth seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal were specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards. The portcullis was "the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century" (Egan 1995:9). Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid."

A near complete cast lead alloy Post Medieval to Modern seal, probably a cloth seal. The seal is comprised of two roughly circular flat discs with one smaller than the other. The two discs are attached to one another by a central rivet which projects from one disc and passes through a hole in the second disc before being pressed flat. The outer face of the disc with the rivet is stamped 'TS / 94'. These are probably the initials of the dyer or weaver, and the date. Similar seals on the database date from 1600 - 1800. Compare DENO-6431E1 and SUSS-486225.

SWYOR-0C23A3: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy Post Medieval cloth seal of probable 17th or 18th century date. The seal is sub-circular and is made from two discs joined by a strip of metal, folded over. A rivet on the reverse of one disc slots through a hole in the other and has been flattened. The seal is stamped with serifed letters. On the disc with the hole through it: "H B / (I) O", and on the other face: "(I) H / T T". The letter are poorly aligned. They may represent the initials of the weavers or dyers involved in the production of the cloth. The lead has an even cream patina. The style of the lettering indicates a late date.

SWYOR-5EB916: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy, four disc cloth seal of post-medieval date, AD 1550 - 1700. There are four circular discs connected by short, rectangular tabs, each disc being 17.8mm in diameter. One of the discs has a central perforation to take an integral rivet that has been flattened to fasten the seal. The other three carry marks, probably clothier's marks, consisting of letters or Roman numerals. These are as follows: on the first disc in a single line "II", on the second, in two lines "XXX / W", and on the third, in two lines "IIXV / I". The seal is 35.6mm long, 17.8mm wide and 4.7mm thick. It weighs 15.3gm. Egan discusses four disc seals in the Finds Research Group Datasheet and attributes them to the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.

SWYOR-A463A7: CLOTH SEAL
A two disc, lead cloth seal dating from the early Post-Medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1700. It is constructed of two discs linked by a narrow strip of metal (now missing), one disc with an integral tab and one with a central, circular perforation. The seal is folded over and the tab is passed through the perforation on the second disc and squeezed shut. Most of the identifying impression on the seal is no longer visible, except for a small area on the reverse which, appears to be the letter "B" above conjoined "XX". This may be a privy mark or maker's initial, and the XX could indicate the length of the cloth in yards (Egan 1992, FRG datasheet 3, page 2). There are only possible faint scratches on the other face. The seal has a smooth yellow grey patina. It is 21.2mm long, 18.3mm wide and 3.9mm thick. It weighs 5.22gm.

SWYOR-A6FC04: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-part cloth or bag seal probably dating from AD 1700 - 1900. Originally it had two circular discs joined by a tab, but only one now survives. The surviving disc has an integral oval tab which was pushed through a circular hole in the other disc before the seal was stamped. Part of an impressed deisgn is visible on the oval tab, in the form of raised, obliquely crossing lines. The complete disc is marked with scratched cursive writing which may read: (J)obb & / Ste(rl), but the letter forms are not clear. The seal measures 20.6mm long, 18.5mm wide and 4.4mm thick. 5.3g. Compare DOR-BC04CF which notes that "According to Geoff Egan (pers. comm.) seals with a regular oval tab passed through a hole in the disc with scratched marks date from the late 18th - 19th century."

SWYOR-A73997: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval Alnage Cloth Seal dating from AD 1550 - 1700. It is a four disc seal, folded in half and the first disc joined to the fourth with a tab passed through a hole in the other disc before stamping. On one disc next to the folded hinge is a shield with the arms of Stuart Britain. On the other face is the inscription [N]EW/[DR]APE/RIE[-]. The discs with the tab passed through have no visible design. The seal measures 27.5mm long, 11.6mm wide and 6.6mm thick. 6.26g. Compare NLM-4FC382 and SF-67FA56 which note that: "The seal was used for one of the textiles known generically in the late C16th-17th as the 'new draperies' and is from a series that is sometimes dated in the 1670's to early 1680's (Geoff Egan, Pers. Comm). A comparable example can be found in Egan, 1994, p137, No.M7 in Appendix2."

A lead Post Medieval cloth seal, probably dating from AD 1575 - 1700. The seal is two discs of lead joined with a projecting loop. An integral rivet on one disc is passed through a hole on the other and squshed flat when the seal was stamped. One face is stamped with a privy mark which takes the form of a 4 with a long vertical shaft which separates the letters WD over XX at the base. There are scratched marks on the other face. XX, W, or 31 and N or Z are visible. The seal is 37.4mm long, 29mm wide and 4.3mm thick. 17.44g. Compare number BSG.CS.00620 on the bag seal gallery website, which is dated AD 1575 - 1700 (http://www.bagseals.org/gallery/main.php).

SWYOR-4AF3BC: CLOTH SEAL
Part of a Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal dating from AD 1500 - 1700. This is one disc from a four disc seal. One face is stamped with the portcullis badge of the Tudors. The other face is blank or illegible. PAS record SUSS-C074D5 notes that: "The portcullis was the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century" (Egan 1995:9)". Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid. Compare also IOW-5A65C5 and NMS-50AA24. The disc and connecting tab are 21.1mm long, 12.7mm wide and 2.3mm thick. 1.82g.

SWYOR-2676E1: CLOTH SEAL
A complete, four-disc type, lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date, probably AD1637-1639. It is formed from four flattened discs joined at the middle by a short rectangular connecting strip which is folded so that the outer two discs meet and are held together by a central circular flattened rivet. The two inner discs have impressed stamps; one depicts a ship above the date 1637, the other two lions passant above the date 1639. The seal is 25.2mm long, 11.1mm wide and 7.1mm thick. It weighs 5.11gm. Compare BUC-2CC102.

SWYOR-CA94A0: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy Post-Medieval two-disc cloth seal dating from about 1650-1705 AD. The cloth seal consists of a two part cloth seal, folded in half; each disc is sub circular in plan, with the remains of the connecting rivet visible on the reverse. On one disc is an off centre relief-stamped inscription reading WOR/STED/REFOR/MED, with a plain line border surrounding it. The disc on the reverse is illegible. The edges of the seal have been worn and a portion has been broken off. The seal has a light creamy brown patina. Please compare to PAS record ID: LVPL-49CF46, BH-E91D72 and BH-D75E08. According to Liverpool, this seal is identified as having been produced by the Norwich Weavers' Company. Length: 22.5mm; Width: 18mm; Thickness: 3.4mm; Weight: 4.84g

Half of a four disc lead alloy cloth seal dating from the Post medieval period (1575 – 1800). It consists of two circular discs joined next to each other. One has a large circular hole in the centre and is not decorated. The other is decorated with a thistle. The thistle possibly indicats a connection with the Dukes of Lennox and Richmond, who controlled the alnage from 1605 onwards (see Finds research Group Datasheet 3, fig. 13a). A slight tab projects from the disc with the hole, opposite the other disc. The edge of the second disc looks to be a post depositional break. It is 26.5mm long, 13.8mm wide and 1.5mm thick. It weighs 3.25 gm.

A lead alloy cloth seal, possibly dating from the late sixteenth or seventeenth centuries. The main body of the seal is roughly rectangular. A narrower, folded strip of metal projects from one end and terminates in a roughly circular loop that fits over an integral rivet on the underside of the main body. The main body is unmarked, but the loop and rivet on the underside carry some lettering, the last two characters of which are EL. The seal is 31.8mm long, 24mm wide and 5.36mm thick. It weighs 10.32gm. It is possible that this is an alnage seal. See http//www.bagseals.org/gallery/main.php?g2_itemid=2724 for an illustration of a similar seal, considered to be an alnage seal. However, it must be noted that this can only be a tentative suggestion as insufficient detail remains on our example for an adequate comparison.

SWYOR-E01311: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy Post Medieval cloth seal of two discs probably dating fro the 17th century. The two discs are joined by a strip of lead alloy. The larger disc has an integral rivet which has been pushed through a ole on the smaller disc before being stamped. There are no visible marking on the larger disc. The design on the small disc is difficult to decipher because it is partially on the flattened rivet. There seems to be a pelleted border, perhaps with an illegible legend round the edge, and in the centre: "... / ... VS / ... LL". The seal has a yellow patina.

SWYOR-61DBA5: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy seal, probably a cloth seal of nineteenth century date. It consists of two discs of lead alloy connected by a narrow rectangle of metal which is integral to one disc and folded over the other. Both discs are slightly larger than is usual for cloth seals at 25.5mm and both carry markings. On one side is ornate scrollwork resembling four upright letter S, each with a central, crescent shaped bar and all linked by a narrow tendril that is marked occasionally with triangular leaves and continues in two loops below the scrollwork. This design is contained within a beaded border. On the other disc is a design of letters or numbers inscribed in straight lines. Depending on which way up this is viewed it could be either: a lozenge and a Z above a larger Z, or a large N with a lozenge above a smaller N to the right. The seal is 29.7mm long, 25.5mm wide and 4.7 mm thick. It weighs 13.85 gm.

SWYOR-FE9D4C: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval to Post Medieval incomplete lead cloth seal, dating from about AD 1350 - 1750. It is one disc fom a two disc type. It is sub-circular, consisting of a sub-circular disc with the second disc missing although this would have been attached to the tab part which still survives projecting form one side. The integral central rivet on the reverse still survives and it is squashed sideways. This identifies the disc as Disc 1. The surfaces are very worn and smooth, and no lettering is visible. There is a design in relief on the outer face, but it is not readily recognised. There is an impression from the textile on the reverse. The seal has a light to mid grey patina and the dimensions are length 28.5mm; width 21.3mm; thickness 4.1mm and weight 6.83g. Similar examples include SWYOR-1B301E and SWYOR-C1439C.

SWYOR-CCB613: CLOTH SEAL
A lead artefact, probably a cloth seal dating from the Post-medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1700. It is in the form of a blunt ovoid disc with rounded corners and has an integral, conical rivet projecting form the centre of the reverse, now folded flat. This is probably a single disc from a two or four disc seal. There are no markings on the upper side but the reverse has stamped cross-hatching and there are also marks on the tab, from a stamped circular design, though these are now indecipherable. The seal has a cream coloured patina. It is 24.25mm long, 16.57mm wide and 3.79mm thick. It weighs 5.67g. Some similar seals are recorded on the database; see for example references LIN-0DA237 and BH-5310A8.

SWYOR-17A2FD: CLOTH SEAL
A incomplete subcircular lead alloy seal of medieval to post medival date, AD 1350 - 1550. It is a two disc seal with an integral rivet, but only one disc and the rivet survives. The surviving face has a lowercase lombardic letter "a" in reliefe, with a cross (+) on each side. The rivet has part of a pinecone motif surviving on it. These are symbols of the German city of Augsburg, where this seal originated. The lowercase letter A was superseded by a capital letter in the mid 16th century. See Elton (2017) page 296. The diameter is 18.6mm, the thickness is 3.1mm and the weight is 3.1g.

A leaden cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval period, about AD 1700-1850. The seal is a two-disc rivet type, and probably the personal seal of a clothier/weaver. The discs are joined by a connecting looped tab, while the hole in one disc is filled with the integral flattened rivet from the other disc. The rivet face has the moulded interlaced monogram W V, or V W; the monogram extends over the rivet. The reverse face has the moulded number 23. The number may relate to the length of the cloth. Often the reverse numbers are scratched rather than moulded, suggesting perhaps that this particular seal was of a proforma kind, and the scratched examples are marked when the cloth has been measured. The object has a length of 29.02mm, a width of 20.82mm, and a thickness (one face is bent) of 7.10mm. It weighs 10.78g. Geoff Egan (1994) has catalogued several seals of this type: compare, for example nos. 233-243, pp. 83-86 and 183.

SWYOR-B816B5: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a two or four disc, lead alloy cloth seal, probably dating from the Post-Medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1700. The remaining portion consists of the loop of the outer disc, with a large central hole, through which the connecting rivet passed when the seal was closed. The only traces of lettering visible are at the top of the reverse (as illustrated) and read "[...](E)R(G)[...]" It is 19mm in diameter and 1.9mm thick. It weighs 1.85gm.

SWYOR-F64B8B: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead alloy two or four-disc cloth seal. Parts of one disc and the central rivet integral to that disc survive. One face of the disc is stamped, on the rivet, with a design of short lines in saltire, perhaps sceptres, or crossed keys. Any further design or olettering that may have been present on the outer area or on the other side, is no longer visible. The seal is 26.2mm diameter, 5.5mm thick and 9.1g. The seal is bent and torn, and has a cream patina. The suggestion of crossed sceptres would suggest a 17th century date. Alternatively this could be part of a merchants privy mark, again mostly used in the 17th century.

An incomplete cloth seal dating from the late 18th or 19th century, AD 1750 - 1900. It is semi-circular, broken across the straight edge, and with a projecting strip joining the two discs together . On one side there is a scratched inscription of "654". The other face has a stamped design consisting of the words [...]S / & / [S]ON within a beaded border. The letters are uppercase Roman, seriffed and italic. The object has a weight of 8.76g, a length of 26.6mm, a thickness of 3.4mm, a width of 29.4mm. The design has been stamped into a rivet passed through the ring shaped disc and flattened to form a single surface, thus attaching the seal to the cloth. Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence (Egan in Saunders (ed.) 2001, 43). They are generally made of either two discs connected by a strip, or four discs similarly connected. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group. Examples with scratched numerals are through to be late 18th to 19th century (Egan pers comm), which is supported by the style of lettering on this example.

A circular lead cloth seal, dating from the Medieval to Post-Medieval period, about AD 1400 - 1800. It is a two disc seal consisting of two circular elements linked by a folded, rectangular tab. The two elements are of different sizes, the lower element having a diameter 4mm greater than the upper element. One disc has an integral, divided rivet on the upper side. This rivet has been passed through the centre of the smaller element and then been flattened to form a crescent shaped fastening. The side with the flattened rivet is marked with narrow grooves delineating a shield with a bi-concave upper edge and three stars in chief. This heraldic device is the Arms of the city of Leeds. If there was any design on the other face, it is no longer visible. The seal is 43.53mm long, 32.12mm wide and 4.37mm thick. It weighs 20.36g. Compare WMID-877159.

A two-disc lead cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval period, about AD 1500-1700. It is constructed of two circular lead discs joined by a narrow, rectangular tab and then folded together. A rivet in the centre of one disc is passed through a hole in the other and flattened to attach the seal. One of the discs is plain. The other, consisting of the ring disc and the flattened rivet, are impressed with a cross or cinquefoil above two lines of text reading YOR/KE, probably indicating the place of manufacture or tax. The seal has a light grey patina. It is 14.5mm long, and 3.1mm thick, the discs are 12.4mm in diameter and the weight is 6.8g. A good parallel is NLM-E53DB8. See also an example on page 144 of Elton (2017).

SWYOR-FB3C65: CLOTH SEAL
A Post medieval lead cloth seal or bag seal dating from AD 1750 - 1950. This seal was manufactured for a French company and reads: F [...] / VERGES / & CIE / [...]DE / [...]. CIE is the French abbreviation for 'company' like the English 'Co'. The seal is a two disc type, with th discs joined by a long strip bent into a loop, and a central rivet one one disc which passes through a hole in the second before being crimped shut. The writing is on the side where the rivet shows. The other face has some scratches and straight lines of small impressed dots, but nothing intelligible. It is 45.2mm long, 24mm wide and 7.5mm thick. 20.7g. The name VERGES does not appear on the bag seal gallery website nor the PAS database.

A lead two disc cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval period, AD 1553 - 1700. The two discs are fastened by a split pin type arrangement and a connecting tab. Disc 1 is illegible. The central rivet extends from its reverse and projects through the centre of disc 2 and is then squashed flat. Most of disc 2 is missing, leaving only the central rivet. The design on disc 2 is a portcullis of three by three squares. Any lettering at the sides, or a surrounding legend identifying the design is illegible. The seal has a light grey patina. It is 16.5mm long, 13.8mm wide and 3.3mm thick and weighs 3.3g. The seal is similar to SWYOR-EE0201. The County series starts in AD 1553 (Egan, 1992, page 2). Egan (1994: 9) notes that the portcullis was "the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century". Similarly Elton (2017: 223) states that the design 'may have continued into the early years of James I', which implies a date of about 1610. However, the design does also appear to have occurred on later seals, for example DENO-681C35 and no. 151 published by Egan (ibid: 178) from the reign of Queen Anne.

SWYOR-5ED304: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete cast lead or lead alloy cloth seal of late 17th Century date. The cloth seal consists of a single disc. It would probably have had four joined by a connecting strip. The disc is sub circular in plan. One face bears the coat of arms of either the maker or the town.The coat of arms consists of a shield bearing three martlets (birds) divided by a bend (diagonal line). Two martlets are above the bend and one is below. Identification of the owner of the coat of arms has so far proved unsuccessful. The other face is plain apart from a central pimple. Measurements are; diameter 11.2mm, thickness 1.5mm and weight 1.12g. Compare LIN-669005 which is a similar cloth seal also showing the same coat of arms. LIN-669005 draws parallels with NMS-F18241 and BH-007760 which have additional discs bearing the inscription: CAR/SAY/1668, which identifies the type of cloth as a 'Kersey', produced in the year 1668. LIN-669005 notes that "'Kersies' were a common kind of cheap woollen cloth, widely produced in England, mainly within the counties of Devon, Hampshire and Yorkshire (Egan, 1995, p.75). Egan goes on to note that further examples of these kersey seals have been found in a widespread area: in London; Market Rasen (Lincolnshire); Trier in Germany and in America at colonial sites in Maine and Virginia." Reference: Egan, G. 1995 Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. British Museum Occasional Paper 93.

SWYOR-DF4A62: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead cloth seal, dating from AD 1611 - 1625. It is one disc, probably of a four disc seal, but possibly from a three disc seal. It bears the Stuart Royal arms flanked by the letters I R and surmounted by the date 1611. A broken tab or strip projects to one side. The reverse is plain. Thickness: 1.81mm Weight: 3.21g Diameter: 21.84mm This disc is from an alnage cloth seal of James I, dating after 1611. See BSG.CS.00237 on page 155-156 of Elton (2017) and compare NMS-513B63.

SWYOR-8E869D: CLOTH SEAL
A two disc, lead cloth seal dating from the Medieval to Post-Medieval period, about AD 1350 - 1724. The two discs are fastened by a split pin type arrangement and a connecting tab. Most of the disc with the hole in it is missing. The outer face of disc 1 is illegible. Disc 2 is missing except for the centre where the rivet from disc one has been pushed through and stamped to seal it. On the rivet there appears to be a crown in relief over ligatured letters, possible AF or AR. This may suggest it dates from the reign of Queen Anne (1702 - 1714). The remains of the connecting tab joining the two discs extends from the top of disc 1. The seal is 23.7mm in length; 20.1mm wide; 7.4mm thick and weighs 11.0g. Cloth seals were used from the mid 14th century, but the system of attaching seals to cloth was at its most complex in the 17th century, and their use continued into the 19th century. See Examples on the database include SWYOR-36C2E5 and SWYOR-C12C2E. The style of lettering on the face does not match other cloth seals of Queen Anne, so the monogram or letter may have a dofferent interpretation.

SWYOR-DE4C75: CLOTH SEAL
Two discs from a two-disc or four disc lead cloth seal probably dating from the Post Medieval period, about AD 1500-1850. It is constructed of two circular lead discs joined by a narrow, rectangular tab (broken off) and then folded together. A rivet in the centre of one disc is passed through a hole in the other and flattened to attach the seal. One of the discs is plain apart from faint scratches. The other, consisting of the ring disc and the flattened rivet, is impressed with WB in upper case seriffed letters. there may be further marks below. The seal has a light grey patina. It is 28.73mm long, 27.94mm wide; 6.1mm thick and weighs 14.15g. The scrtches on the reverse may be significant marks; scratched numbers can be found on 19th century seals.

SWYOR-DD8750: CLOTH SEAL
The inner two discs of a four disc Post Medieval cloth seal dated AD 1647. The seal is circular in plan with a rectangular protrusion which is the joining strip. One face has in relief the letters YOR / K R / 1647. The other disc has the relief design of a crowned rose flanked by the letters C R. The other two discs are missing. Measurements are; length 16.3mm, width 15.0mm, thickness 3.4mm and weight 3.44g. Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence (Egan in Saunders (ed.) 2001, 43). They are generally made of either two discs connected by a strip, or four discs similarly connected. One disc would feature a central integral rivet which would have gone through a perforation in the outer disc in the group. The rivet and perforated disc are missing from this example. The seal is from the reign of Charles I, and was probably issued in York. Similar cloth seals are listed in Elton (2017), page 162, but there are known of Charles I. Compare SUR-FF8E42, SF-02F767

A complete lead alloy post-Medieval Augsburg two-disc cloth seal dating from AD 1500-1650. The object is circular in plan, and consists of two circular discs pressed together with a recurved rectangular tab connecting the two discs. Disc 1. has a raised ornate capital 'A' with a chevron bar and three annulets. Disc 2 has a worn raised pinecone design. The seal has an overall light grey buff patina. Dimensions: length 29.6mm, diameter 17.8mm, thickness 5.4mm, weight 10.60g. There are similar examples on the database including IOW-7C6F35 and LANCUM-029A7D. A very similar seal recorded in 'Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items at the British Museum' by Geoff Egan, (Egan 1994: 106, fig. 41, refs: 308-310) has been attributed to Augsburg in Germany. The 'A' and pinecone design indicates the seal will have originated in Augsburg, Germany as the pinecone is the heraldic badge of the city. It is suggested that such seals were attached to fustians, a variety of heavy cloth woven from cotton and chiefly prepared for menswear, and date to the 16th or 17th century. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control.

A lead two disc cloth cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval to Modern period, AD 1800 - 1900. The two discs are fastened by a split pin type arrangement and a connecting tab. The front face is stamped with the incuse number 48. The central rivet extends from its reverse and projects through the centre of disc 2 and is then squashed flat. There is no visible marking on disc 2 or the central rivet. The seal has a light grey patina. It is 18.47mm long, 26.24mm wide and 6.8mm thick and weighs 17.47g. See the finds recording guide for details and also see for example NLM-E526EA.

SWYOR-99F7D6: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete four disc lead cloth seal dating from the post-Medieval period, about AD 1550 - 1700. It consists of the two inner discs joined by a short, rectangular tab which is folded over allowing the two discs to be pressed together. One of the discs carries a relief moulding of a fleur-de-lis with a capital letter B between the central and right-hand leaves of the fleur. The other disc is plain. The outer two discs and the rivet are missing. The seal is currently 18.37mm long, 13.57mm wide and 3.57mm thick. It weighs 3.73g. Egan in Saunders (ed.) 2001, page 43 explains how these seals were part of the industrial regulation known as the alnage. Compare LEIC-1B79CD and SOM-BA5F67.

A Post Medieval lead alnage four disc cloth seal dating from AD 1702- 1714. The original four discs remain connected by a metal strip. The designs are as follows: Disc 1: (with the rivet extending from it), unclear, possibly a harp. Disc 2: Bust of queen Anne left with the legend MAG BR [...] Disc 3: Fleur in a beaded border, with the number 3 at the left. Disc 4: Crown over the initials AR The number 3 indicates that threepence duty was to be paid. Measurements are; 33.0mm, width 14.1mm, thickness 5.6mm and weight 5.93g. A comparison from the database is BUC-BE798B and BERK-1A3AFB. A more detailed example can be found at http://www.bagseals.org/gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=37557. Contemporary cloth seals can be found in Egan 1994 (65; nos. 146-148). As Egan (1994, 60) states, the relief designs on these alnage seals are characterised by fine detail resulting from well-engraved dies. Elton states that the fleur de lis is ubiquitous on cloth seals, but came into use with the Stuarts (Cloth Seals. An illustrated Reference Guide to the Identification of Lead Seals attached to Cloth: From the British Perspective. Stuart F Elton. Archaeopress 2017, page 217).

A two-piece lead cloth, bag or bale seal, probably of post-Medieval date, about AD 1500 - 1700. It consists of two discs but there is no evidence of a connecting tab nor of an attachment rivet. No design is visible on either disc apart from some scratched marks on one face. The seal has a light, cream patina. It is 20.6mm in diameter and 3.3mm thick, It weighs 5.83g.

SWYOR-F1F402: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead post-medieval four-disc cloth seal dating from the AD 1670s. The two inner discs survive. Both discs are approximately circular, joined by a wide tab. A scar on the opposite side is where the other two discs have broken off. On one face the disc carries a three-line inscription in relief reading CAR / SAY / 7 [...]). The other face depicts the Royal Stuart Arms. Measurements; length 17.4mm, Width/Diameter of disc 13.6mm, thickness 5.0mm, weight 4.62g. Compare BSG.CS.00268 on page 185 of Elton (2017) which says that Kersey/ Carsey is a coarse cloth, mainly produced in Devon, Hampshire and Yorkshire. Seals bearing the name usually have dates from the 1660s to 1680s. Compare also LANCUM-E352C2.

SWYOR-B2E2D4: CLOTH SEAL
A probable incomplete, lead cloth seal of post-Medieval or early modern date, about AD 1600 - 1850. It is a single disc from a four disc cloth seal. It is bent and illegible apart from a faint figure of eight in relief on one face. Part of the connecting strips survives at each end. It is 19.6mm in diameter and 1.5mm thick. It weighs 4.24g.

SWYOR-B2F5AC: CLOTH SEAL
A two disc rivet type lead cloth seal of post-Medieval or early modern date, about AD 1750 - 1850. The two discs are joined by a broken connecting tab, and the hole in one disc is filled with the integral flattened split pin from the other, but is not entirely flattened. The edge of one disc is folded over, obscuring any lettering, but the seal is also pitted and has little patina, and no lettering is visible. It may never have been stamped. It is 22.8mm in diameter and 6.1mm thick. It weighs 12.21g.

SWYOR-B32867: CLOTH SEAL
A two disc rivet type lead cloth seal of post-Medieval or early modern date, about AD 1750 - 1850. The two discs are joined by a connecting tab, and the hole in one disc is filled with the integral flattened rivet from the other. The rivet face is stamped with the florid initials R&B. The flat reverse has very faint scratched symbols possibly reading 893 is very long, angular numerals. The seal is 30.1mm in diameter and 4.1mm thick. It weighs 19.71g. Stuart Elton lists some similar cloth seals from Leeds in Cloth Seals (2017, page 147 onwards) and notes that the scratched symbols are often numerals, which on Leeds seals appear to be much higher numbers than are usually seen on other cloth seals, suggesting that they record something other than the length and weight of the cloth as is usual.

SWYOR-B34538: CLOTH SEAL
A two disc rivet type lead cloth seal of post-Medieval or early modern date, about AD 1750 - 1850. The two discs are joined by a connecting tab, and the hole in one disc is filled with the integral flattened rivet from the other. The edge is folded over, obscuring some of the lettering. The rivet face is stamped with three lines of Roman lettering: (M)M[...] / ROW[...] / [L]EEDS. The flat reverse has very faint scratched symbols in a grid of two rectangular cells possibly reading 4 6 [...] / M H / [...]. The seal is 32.5mm in diameter and 6.9mm thick. It weighs 18.6g. Stuart Elton lists some similar cloth seals from Leeds in Cloth Seals (2017, page 147 onwards) and notes that the scratched symbols are often numerals, which on Leeds seals appear to be much higher numbers than are usually seen on other cloth seals, suggesting that they record something other than the length and weight of the cloth as is usual.

SWYOR-FDC39A: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal dating from AD 1500 - 1700. This is two incomplete discs from a two dosc or a four disc seal. One face is stamped with the portcullis badge of the Tudors. The other face is blank or illegible. PAS record SUSS-C074D5 notes that: "The portcullis was the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century" (Egan 1995:9)". Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid. Diameter 11.0mm; thickness 2.5mm and weight 1.16g

SWYOR-FCDCD5: CLOTH SEAL
A Medieval or Post Medieval lead incomplete cloth seal dating from AD 1350 - 1724. One incomplete disc survives, and it could be from a two disc or a four disc seal. It is thickened in the centre and both faces are illegible. Length 23.5mm; width 19.3mm; thickness 3.2mm and weight 5.12g. See

SWYOR-AAE06D: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead artefact, probably a cloth seal of late post-Medieval date, about AD 1700 - 1900. It is a two-part seal with two discs of slightly different sizes connected by an incomplete tab. The smaller disc is impressed with the design of a flower,a double rose of six petals, within a beaded border. The larger disc has no moulded design, but the reverse has been crudely inscribed with an hourglass and the numeral 9, perhaps indicating 89 above a line. Below the line are the scratched figures 4 and either 5 or 6. The seal is 26.4mm in diameter and 3.1mm thick. It weighs 7.89g. Seals with scratched numerals are thought to be 18th or 19th century (Egan pers comm) and Elton (2017) page 250-251.

SWYOR-ABBC0A: CLOTH SEAL
A sub-circular lead alloy Post Medieval cloth seal bearing the Tudor arms of England, so dating from about AD 1485 - 1603. It is a uniface disc bearing a quartered shield with three lis in the lower right quarter and three lions in the quarter above. It may have been part of a four disc or two disc cloth seal. The diameter is 11.2mm, thickness 1.2mm, and weight is 1.0g. Compare SWYOR-6451B9, WILT-032F20 and pages 17 and 153 in Elton (2017).

SWYOR-7D4D95: CLOTH SEAL
A broken lead two disc cloth cloth seal dating from the Post Medieval to Modern period, AD 1600 - 1800. The two discs are fastened by a split pin type arrangement and a connecting tab (which is missing on this example, along with most of the second disc). The front face is stamped with the number 60 1/4 surrounded by a series of small pellets in a circle. This may be the length of the cloth. The central rivet extends from its reverse and projects through the centre of disc 2 (now mainly missing) and is then squashed flat. On disc two there is the remains of the merchants mark or privy mark. It is a shape like a numeral 4 at the top of a central vertical line, with a circle on each side, the right hand one containing a letter I. The seal has a mid grey patina. It is 27.46mm long, 24.78mm wide and 3.27mm thick and weighs 6.91g. See the finds recording guide for details and also see for example SWYOR-742B49.

SWYOR-22E5A2: CLOTH SEAL
A lead-alloy cloth seal of Medieval to post medieval date, about AD 1350 - 1800. It is a two disc seal. The seal is circular in plan and comprises two equal sized lead discs linked by a lead tab. One face has an inscription in relief of "XV" surrounded by a raised border. If there was a legend, it is now totally obliterated. The other face is decorated with a circle enclosing an illegible design. The cloth seal has a pale grey patina.The object has a weight of 6.72g, a length of 25.05mm, a thickness of 3.04mm, a width of 20.47mm.

SWYOR-82E3EA: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead cloth seal of Augsburg dating to the early Post Medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1650. The object is circular in plan and consists of two circular discs pressed together. Disc 1. has a fragmented raised capital letter 'A', symbolising the heraldic badge of the city of Augsburg in Germany. Disc 2 is stamped with a raised part of a design, which represents a pine cone illustration. The seal has an light grey patina. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control.It is suggested that such seals were attached to fustians, a variety of heavy cloth woven from cotton and chiefly prepared for menswear, and date to the 16th or 17th century. Dimensions: The object is 16.2mm in length, 14.4mm in width, 2.9mm in thickness and it weighs 2.81g. For reference of similar objects in PAS see, LVPL-C63964 and IOW-7C6F35.

SWYOR-04FD87: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, dating to the Post-Medieval period (AD 1500-1750). The cloth seal is comprised of one circular disc and was probably part of a four disc seal.It has a relief design of an Irish harp encircled by a line border on one face. The other face has a central pellet and a raised line border. The object is 19.9mm long, 15.5mm wide, 2.0mm thick and weighs 2.95g. The central pellet on NLM-5FDFB8 is similar, though the harp is a different design.

SWYOR-D32867: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal from the post medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1800. The object is a two-disc cloth seal that consists of two circular discs pressed together with a sub-rectangular tab connecting the discs via an integral rivet passing through a hole in one of the discs. They are joined by a tab. One disc is illegible. The ring disc and flattened rivet are stamped with the letters GM in relief, above a decoration of three linked ovals. The letters are in an upper case Roman style serifed font. There is a line border round the edge of the disc. The lead has a yellow patina. Length 24.4mm; width 19.9mm; thickness 4.7mm; weight 8.98g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control.

SWYOR-22F66C: CLOTH SEAL
A small lead Post Medieval cloth seal dating from AD 1640. It is two discs of a four disc seal. One bears the Prince of Wales feathers in a crown, above the date 1640. The other depicts a three masted sailing ship. The seal is 14.9mm long, 10.8mm wide, 3.0mm thick and weighs 2.29g. The finder reports that Stuart Elton has identified this seal as a West County alnage seal. A close parallel is NARC-381F55.

A lead cloth seal or other seal dating from the post medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1800. It is a two disc seal with a fluted connecting tab. An integral rivet from the back of one disc passes through a hole in the other and is flattened. The rivet disc is marked with a large plain letter C (or perhaps a crescent). The rove disc does not have any visible markings. The edge of the seal is bevelled. Length: 21.56mm Width: 13.37mm Thickness: 6.41mm Weight: 5.62g

An incomplete lead cloth seal, two discs of a four disc seal surviving, probably dating from about AD 1600 - 1700. The two discs are joined by a tab of metal. One face has the Roman numerals XVII in relief across the centre. There are more unclear markings above, and a scallop shell below. The other face is indistinct; possibly a shield or a bird (or both). The seal is 16.5mm long, 15.9mm wide, 3.1mm thick and weighs 4.0g.

SWYOR-FE3F56: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal of medieval to Post medieval date, dating from AD 1350 - 1750. It is a small two disc seal, with the connecting tab and the integral rivet surviving. No design on either face is visible. The seal is 17.5mm long, 11.3mm wide, 7.0mm thick and weighs 5.06g.

SWYOR-9F1EDD: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete cast lead cloth seal dating from the late Post Medieval period, about AD 1750-1850. The object consists of two discs, one larger with serif lettering in relief, the other smaller with a scratched lozenge-shaped symbol. The seal is incomplete and is without a connecting tab. The lettering appears to be in three lines, although only the top of one letter in the third line can be discerned. The letters RHO can be seen on the top row, and LEED on the middle, suggesting a woollen cloth manufacturer, or clothier, named Rhodes of Leeds, possibly J & A Rhodes, who were operating in the late 18th century. The letterbooks of Leeds woollen cloth manufacture Benjamin Gott contain a reference to the state of trade dated 18 Dec. 1798: 'it is said our neighbours J & E Brookes & J & A Rhodes are very busy …' (in Crump, W. B., The Leeds Woollen Industry 1780-1820, Thoresby: Leeds, 1929, p. 235). The object has a length of 21.71mm, and width of 13.57mm, and a thickness of 2.96mm. It weighs 4.50g. Several cloth seals have been recorded on the PAS database, including SWYOR-B34538, which notes 'Stuart Elton lists some similar cloth seals from Leeds in Cloth Seals (2017, page 147 onwards) and notes that the scratched symbols are often numerals, which on Leeds seals appear to be much higher numbers than are usually seen on other cloth seals, suggesting that they record something other than the length and weight of the cloth as is usual'.

An incomplete Post Medieval lead bag, bale or cloth seal dating from AD 1800 - 1950. It is a two disc seal with a projecting central rivet and a bokren connecting loop. The flat face has the raised letters "No / 706" below three illegible letters. The seal is 22.7mm long, 21.5mm wide, 9.4mm thick and weighs 13.79g.

SWYOR-33B9A6: CLOTH SEAL
A lead-alloy two disc cloth seal of Medieval to post medieval date, about AD 1350 - 1700. It is a two disc seal with the connecting loop surviving. Disc one is apparently blank. Disc two (the ring with the rivet from the other disc passing through it) is stamped with a portcullis. Any surrounding inscription is illegible. Length: 24.17mm Width: 16.59mm Thickness: 7.73mm Weight: 6.62g

SWYOR-EE8B48: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-disc cloth seal dating to the Medieval or Post-Medieval period, about AD 1350 - 1700. The object is circular in plan with a central bend, and consists of two circular discs pressed together with a sub-rectangular tab connecting the two discs. Disc 1.has a large symbol resembling an uppercase letter B across the centre. Disc 2 has a star or cinquefoil preserved and the rest of the design is illegible. The seal has an light grey patina. Dimensions: The object is 18mm in diameter and 4.7mm thick. It weighs 6.5g. Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the 19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control.

SWYOR-A084CC: CLOTH SEAL
A two-piece lead cloth seal, dating from the later Post-Medieval period, about AD 1800 - 1950. It is constructed of two circular discs of lead joined together by a short, flat tab. The upper disc is in the form of a flat, circular ring and the lower disc has an integral, central rivet that passes through the upper ring before the two discs are squeezed together to form the seal. The outer face of the lower disc is marked with two lines of text, separated by a narrow horizontal line. The upper line of text appears to read IO[...] and the lower line 36[-]. The seal is 24.3mm long, 21mm wide and 6.2mm thick. It weighs 11.5g. Cloth seals of this type are discussed in: Egan, Finds research group 700-1700, Data sheet 3, Leaden Cloth seals.

A two disc, or the outer discs of a four disc lead cloth seal dating from the Medieval to Post-Medieval period, about AD 1350 - 1724, probably 1702 - 1714. The two discs are fastened by a rivet that passes through a hole in the centre of one disc, and is then squashed flat. Most of the disc with the hole in it is missing, leaving only the disc with the rivet and the stamped and flattened rivet. The outer face of disc 1 ihas a possible bust within a square or lozenge frame. Disc 2 is missing except for the centre where the rivet from disc one has been pushed through and stamped to seal it. On the rivet there appears to be a crown in relief over ligatured letters A[-]. The A is serifed and leans to the right to forma ligature or diphong with the illegible letter. If it is AR, it may suggest it dates from the reign of Queen Anne (1702 - 1714). Measurements are; length 13.9mm, width 14.3mm, thickness 4.2mm and weight 3.06g. A matching cloth seal from the same area is SWYOR-8E869D. Cloth seals were used from the mid 14th century, but the system of attaching seals to cloth was at its most complex in the 17th century, and their use continued into the 19th century. See Examples on the database include SWYOR-36C2E5 and SWYOR-C12C2E. The style of lettering on the face does not match other cloth seals of Queen Anne, so the monogram or letter may have a different interpretation, perhaps of local significance, given that two of the same design have been found in this area.

SWYOR-E54FDC: CLOTH SEAL
A single disc from a four disc cloth seal dating from about AD 1550 - 1650. It is sub-circular and one side has a double rose in relief. Measurements are; diameter 15.9mm, thickness 1.1mm and weight 1.41g. Elton (2017, page 217) writes that the rose as a royal symbol was used on cloth seals from about 1509 until the Stuart period, but as this disc is from a four disc seal it i likely to date from after 1550.

SWYOR-E5ECE1: CLOTH SEAL
One disc from a four disc cloth seal of Post medieval date, probably 1603 - 1714. The disc has a relief design of a crown and crossed sceptres which suggests a 17th century date, into the reign of Queen Anne. A Queen Anne cloth seal on the Bagseal gallery website has a crown and crossed sceptre design. Measurements are; length 13.3mm, 12.2mm wide, 1.4mm thick and weighs 1.12g. Compare BH-6D73BB.

SWYOR-22917B: CLOTH SEAL
A single disc from a Post Medieval four disc cloth seal probably dating from AD 1600 - 1800. The disc is circular. One face is stamped with crossed keys, a symbol of the City of Leiden in the Netherlands. The other face is plain. Measurements are; diameter 14.3mm, thickness 1.2mm and weight 1.77g. See Elton (2017) page 310 onwards.

A incomplete lead cloth seal or other seal dating from the post medieval period, about AD 1500 - 1800. It is a two disc seal with a connecting tab. An integral rivet from the back of one disc passes through a hole in the other and is flattened. The rivet disc is marked with a relief merchant's mark of a W with a vertical line and a numeral 4 at the top. The rove disc has an incuse marking which may represent a G. The seal has a mid grey patina and its measurements are length 22.7mm, width 16.8mm, thickness 5.0mm and weight 3.65g. There are numerous other two disc seals listed on the database including SWYOR-33B9A6.

SWYOR-6CF01A: CLOTH SEAL
A complete sub-circular two-disc rivet type lead cloth seal, probably post-medieval in date, about AD 1550 - 1800. The discs are connected by a central integral flattened rivet which passes through a hole in the other disc and projects outwards and by a broken connecting loop at one side. Disc one has the number 57 in relief. The rivet projects from the reverse and the face is stamped with a shield, possibly crowned, containing a lion rampant left holding a sword. This could indicate that the seal is from the Netherlands. The seal is 24.93mm long, 19.86mm wide and 10.07mm thick. It weighs 15.0g.

SWYOR-3BF266: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead two disc cloth seal made from two discs of lead held together with a lead strip, dating from AD 1700 - 1900. A central integral rivet from the back of one disc passes through a hole in the other disc and is stamped flat. The seal has the legend R&I in relief on the obverse with the number 829 stamped above it. The imprint of the cloth is visible on the other face. Measurements are; diameter 24.8mm, thickness 2.5mm and weight 7.83g. Compare SUR-51F7A9.

SUSS-7A77E4: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead-alloy cloth seal. No further details recorded.

SUSS-7A806A: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead-alloy cloth seal. No further details recorded.

SUSS-38D987: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval cast lead alloy circular bale seal. The seal is formed from two circular discs folded back-to-back with an integral rectangular attachment strip linking the two discs. One disc has an A in relief with an annulet placed above, below, to the left and to the right. The A has a flat bar across the top and a downward pointing chevron bar across the middle. The other side has a central circular plug pushed through from the other side, over which a design has been impressed. It is not possible to resolve the design but a common motif used alongside the A is a pinecone. The A stands for Augsburg, Germany. Seals from the fustians of Augsburg are among the most common and widespread of all recorded imports in England according to Egan. This example is similar to nos. 308-10 in his book 'Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum'.

SUSS-8839AA: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post medieval cast lead cloth seal, AD.1500-1620. The seal comprises one half of a rivet and ring cloth seal. The second perforated disc and connecting strip are missing. The front of the seal carries a device that resembles a thistle or pineapple. The raised pineapple has an oval shape made up of pellets above which is a waisted foliate stem. To either side of this are four trefoils made of pellets. It sits within an ornate tressure, within an incised circular outer boarder. The rear side has the remains of part of the rivet. The seal measures 18.8mm diameter, 3.8mm thick and weighs 5.08 grams. A similar seal is recorded on the data base PUBLIC-6FBF08. See also cf. Saunders, P. (ed.), 2001, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Medieval Catalogue: Part 3, p.70, Fig.26, nos 143-154.

SUSS-41D317: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead-alloy probable cloth seal or similar object, possibly dating to the mid-late 18th century AD. The cloth seal has been stamped on both discoidal faces with unclear decoration; one side seems to depict two lions 'en rampant' with the letter 'G' above and the other face may depict a wig surrounded by a decorative border. A portion of the flat tab connecting both discs is intact. A similar seal has not been found, however the decoration and lettering is suggestive of the Georgian period.

SUSS-7A6DCD: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead-alloy cloth seal. No further details recorded.

SUSS-7A880C: CLOTH SEAL

SUSS-7A8F1D: CLOTH SEAL

SUSS-8564A5: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead-alloy two-disc cloth seal of probable Post Medieval date, c. AD 1500-1800. One disc is decorated with the letter L flanked on either side by an ermine; the 'L' is surmounted by a crown and a fleur and a pellet are below the 'L'. The other disc is decorated with what may be an heraldic motif of three castles within a shield, surmounted by a crown; the letter 'P' is positioned to the left of the shield. The cloth seal measures 19.9mm diamester, 5.3mm thick and it weighs 10.49 grams. A parallel has not been found for this object's decorative elements.

SUSS-7C80BB: CLOTH SEAL
A worn lead-alloy two disc cloth seal of probable Post Medieval date (c. AD 1600-1700). The seal is complete, though worn and is formed from two circular discs joined by a rectangular rivet or tag of lead, which was then folded over the edge of cloth, so that the discs and decoration aligns. One surfaces are very worn. One with possibly a basket decoration. The other has a possible port-cullis. The seal has a light grey-white colour overall. It measures 15.6mm in diameter and 2.9mm thick, with a weight of 4.4 grams.

SUSS-3FB4E3: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete and worn lead-alloy two disc cloth seal of probable Post Medieval or early Modern date (c. AD 1550-1800). The upper surface is stamped with a cypher, incorporating a vertical bar that terminates in a twisted knot with a triangular form above, perhaps indicating an 'L'; an 'R' is to the left of this form, and a 'C' to the right. The underside has three letters scratched into the surface, and reads '[L or N] JR'. The exterior edges of this cloth seal are bent and worn and this artefact has a light grey-white colour overall. It measures 26.9mm in diameter and 4.3mm thick, with a weight of 9.6g.

SUSS-14B113: CLOTH SEAL
A worn lead-alloy two disc cloth seal of probable Post Medieval date (c. AD 1300-1600). The seal is complete, though worn and is formed from two circular discs joined by a rectangular rivet or tag of lead, which was then folded over the edge of cloth, so that the discs and decoration aligns. The upper surface is cracked and is stamped with a clothworkers' privy mark consisting of a long figure 4 with elongated tail on XX. There are two initials, one either side of the elongated tail. The initial on the left is illegible the one on the right is a C or a G. This being a merchant's mark The underside is blank. The exterior edges of this cloth seal very worn. The seal has a light grey-white colour overall. It measures 21.4mm in diameter and 3.6mm thick, with a weight of 7.1 grams. See Elton (2017), p251-255 forcloth seal privy marks on figure 4.

SUSS-E4463C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval to modern lead cloth seal c.1600-1850. The seal consists of one of the two discs which would have connected via a tab. The top edge is worn and broken and possible the point where the connecting tab was.. The disc is decorated on one side with a smaller disc which appears to have had a beaded edge which is now worn. in the centre is the raised initials W. The reverse is undecorated. The seal is a greyish white colour. The seal measures 16.4mm diameter, 3mm thick and weighs 3.5 grams. Other similar cloth seals on the database have been recorded dating from the 17th- 19th century.

SUSS-2C1EF2: CLOTH SEAL
A very worn cast lead cloth seal of probable post-Medieval date. The object comprises two flat circular discs joined at the top by a rectangular connecting strip and held together by an integral rivet that extends from disc one through the front face of disc two, where it is flattened. It is only possible to see what looks like an 'I' or 'T' on one face. This is a worn lead cloth seal of uncertain type. The worn legend is unfortunately too poorly preserved to enable a close identification of the full original text, a problem also encountered with the central motif. It is entirely possible that the seal is not of British manufacture, but instead relates to continental textile production and trade. In either case its form and lettering might indicate a post-Medieval date for the current example, perhaps in the 16th century, although until such time as a close parallel for the legend or motif are identified an earlier or later date range cannot be ruled out entirely.

SUSS-AC40B8: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead cloth seal. AD 1500 - 1700. Only one disc of the seal remains with a very worn raised decoration. This includes either a sword or a cross on the right and possibly a large inital on the left. The reverse is plain. The cloth seal is a light grey colour. The cloth seal measures 20.55 in diameter, 2.54mm thick and weighs 5.65 grams. Discussion: Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence (Egan in Saunders (ed.) 2001, 43). They are generally made of either two discs connected by a strip, or four discs similarly connected. Cloth Seals are typically used between the 16th and 18th century.

SUSS-0114C5: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post-Medieval two-disc lead cloth seal dating c. 1600-1800. The two circular discs are joined by a looped connecting tab. The rivet disc is unstamped and the rove disc is stamped across the flattened rivet with a capital 'M', the owners privy mark. The object is white. Measurements: Length: 27.16mm; diameter of disc: 16.26mm; thickness: 5.13mm and weight: 7.61g. Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence (Egan in Saunders 2001: 43). The system ended in 1724 but continued to be used as labels into the 19th century (Egan 1992 :1). Other recorded examples with initials include: SF-F75EB8; NARC-93C033 and LVPL-C612B4.

SUSS-91D463: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead four-part cloth seal from the reign of Queen Anne dating AD 1702-1714. Three of the discs remain, the rivet and rove disc and one inner disc. The inner disc is stamped with a square shield with three lions passant guardant with a crown above with a figure 3 on the left of the shield; surrounded by a beaded circle. This represents the arms of England and the alnage tax of 3 pence payable. The flattened rivet is stamped with the joined initials AR above which is an unclear element, probably a crown. This would suggest it is the royal ligature of Queen Anne (AD 1702-1714). Measurements: length: 29.33mm; width: 16.13mm; thickness: 4.21mm and weight: 5.68g. Examples of four disc alnage seals stamped with Queen Anne's ligature are illustrated in Eldon (2017): p.170.

SUSS-4F5B27: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth seal of the English seed merchants or seedsmen Webb and Sons seed merchants dating to c.AD 1890-1930. The seal matrix is a cream colour, with some corrosion on the edge. The obverse depicts an oval shaped ribbon with the words [GRA]SS AND [...] with two concentric circular borders at its top and bottom, and topped by a banner with the word [W]EB[BS] beneath a crown. The concentric borders contain zigzagged line but part of the lower border is missing. Around the outside is the inscription [R]E[GIS]/TERED [TRADE MARK]. The reverse has the inscription WEBB [& SONS WORDSLEY STOURBRIDGE] and in the centre reads THE/ QUE[EN'S] / SEEDSMAN Measurements: 22.44mm in diameter, 4.46mm thick and weighs 13.17 grams An identical cloth seal is OXON-23FC01. Edward Webb and Sons were English seed merchants or seedsmen, dating to c.AD 1850 when Edward Webb started a business in Wordsley, near Stourbridge. By the 1890s Webb and Sons had been appointed seedsmen to Queen Victoria.

SUSS-149452: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead-alloy two-disc cloth seal, dated AD c.1650-1700. The sub-circular rivet disc survives with the central portion of the second disc surviving on the reverse. The upper surface of the rivet disc bears the relief-stamped shield of France, crowned with three fleurs-de-lis and the legend NOV[...]TRES extending around the circumference clockwise from 12 0'clock. A short length of the connecting strip survives. On the reverse, the second disc fragment is stamped portraying the arms of Castres; a shield bearing in chief three fleurs-de-lis and barry pily of four. The object is worn and a buff/cream colour. Measurments: The main seal is 22.18mm diameter, 3.83mm thick. The second disc fragment is 14.67mm long and 12mm wide. The whole object weighs 7.6 grams. Another example dated by inscription to 1676 can be seen on the PAS database: BH-84E5C4. Also see Elton (2017), p.283; illustrating two other examples dating 1676 and 1672.

SUSS-6A2A37: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead two-disc cloth seal dating to the 18th or early 19th century. This is a cloth worker's personal seal. The seal is formed of two discs with a connecting strip and integral rivet on one of the discs connecting the two. The rove disc is stamped with a privy mark across the flattened rivet comprising a rope border with unclear central motif, probably initials reading F R with ornate scrolling. The reverse is counter marked with unclear incised marks. The object measures 33.4mm diameter, 2.9mm thick and weighs 12.61 grams. Similar examples with initials and elaborate scrolling are given an 18th century to early 19th Century date. See. Elton (2017) p. 95 and 148

SUSS-D4A780: CLOTH SEAL
A uniface Post Medieval - Modern lead cloth seal dating c. 1750-1900. The seal comprises a two part seal with two circular discs with a short connecting strip. One side has scratched numbers, probably 50. Diameter: 33mm; thickness: 3.73mm and weight: 17.87g.

SUSS-432622: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead alloy alnage cloth seal from the reign of George I (AD 1714-1727) dating AD 1714-1727. Two of the original four discs remain, joined by a folded connecting strip. One disc bears the right facing bust of George I in stamped relief with legend reading: [...] REX, contained within a beaded border of short rays. The other disc features a lion couchant guardant left with a duty stamp (in pence) of '1' to the left of its head, and '1/2' to the right. The seal has a creamy white colour. Dimensions: length: 17.48mm, width: 15.11mm, thickness: 2.87mm, weight: 2.93g Compare: IOW-AC7DD2 recorded on the database and other alnage seals of George I illustrated in Elton (2017), pp174-175, no's 261/262.

SUSS-8701F7: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy two part cloth or bag seal dating c.AD.1600-1800. The two circular discs are joined by a looped connecting tab. The rivet disc is slightly damaged on one edge, it is counter-stamped with the initial C. The rove disc is stamped across the flattened rivet with a design within a pelleted border. It depicts the initials I and B each side of a bell with a trefoil of three ropes/ribbons at the apex. The bell has two transverse decorative bands with internal rows of pellets and a pellet below the body represents the clapper . The seal has a whitish grey patina. It measures 30.67mm long, diameter of disc, 24.96mm, 2.92mm thickness and weights 10.72g. Cloth seals were lead seals attached to industrially produced cloths as part of ‘the alnage’: industrial regulation by officials who controlled the quality of cloth sold and levied a tax of a few pence (Egan in Saunders 2001: 43). The system ended in 1724 but continued to be used as labels into the 19th century (Egan 1992 :1).This is a clothworker's personal seal which are usually two-part seals; the design often a pun or rebus on the name or occupation of the owner, (Elton 2017) p. 261, in this case the letters and bell suggest it may have been issued by John Bell. A similar seal stamped with a bell can be found in (ibid) p. 261. no: 7-BSG.CS.00076.

SUR-D82CA2: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-lobe cloth seal fragment.

SUR-D83756: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-lobe cloth seal. The stamped designs are unclear.

SUR-D885C3: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four-part cloth seal. The seal bears a right-facing bust of George I and the legend FIDE[I] DEFEN.

SUR-3BF394: CLOTH SEAL
A cloth seal from Augsburg in Germany, for an imported fustian textile (mixed linen and cotton). One side bears a pine cone (the symbol of Augsburg) within a circular frame of arches and trefoils. The other side shows an ox passant (a quality symbol).

SUR-06B7C7: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1. Plant motif (?) Side 2. PB either side of a merchant's mark which comprises an open triangle surmounted with a cross.

SUR-D72644: CLOTH SEAL
A lobe from a cloth seal, possibly a two-lobe seal. The device shown is a pine cone - the symbol for Augsburg. On the other side is the letter A for Augsburg

SUR-924226: CLOTH SEAL
A cloth seal from a 'fustian' woven at Augsburg, Germany. Side 1: A and two pellets Side 2: A pine cone

SUR-0645B1: CLOTH SEAL
A clothier's/weaver's cloth seal with a standard privy mark between the letters SE. On the back is an incuse 'I'.

SUR-E58C21: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a two-part lead cloth seal. The remaining lobe has a circular stamp which contains the initials EB over which are two further retrograde stamps. The form of the latter is uncertain but they appear to be letters.

SUR-FF8E42: CLOTH SEAL
A lead Hampshire cloth seal (an alnage seal) dating to the reign of Charles I. The seal comprises four lobes; one lobe on each side has cast detail. 1. HAMP/SHIRE, one rose above and three below. 2. CR with a crowned rose between.

SUR-798846: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-lobe cloth seal. Side 1. B Side 2. cloth imprint

SUR-C80B53: CLOTH SEAL
A two lobe cloth seal with a fir cone on one side and an A on the other. The seal comes from Augsburg and was attached to a cloth known as a fustian. Augsburg seals are the most commonly found continental cloth seals in this country.

SUR-172FC4: CLOTH SEAL
A two-lobe cloth seal for attachment to linen. The seal bears the date [15]76 and the Arms of Geneva.

SUR-04D398: CLOTH SEAL
A cloth seal with an S superimposed upon a T (privy mark). There is a five-point mullet in the left field and a textile imprint on the inner face.

SUR-5B3448: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal, perhaps of 19th century date. Side one: I(star)T Side two: BCF(incuse)

SUR-6F0E03: CLOTH SEAL
A four-part cloth seal of which two parts survive. Head of George 1//-//-//a crown over a shield and a 2 on the right. The shield has three lions passant-gardant facing left and one lion rampant facing right.

SUR-A94500: CLOTH SEAL
A two part cloth seal. Side one: T(a key)I Side two: Blank

SUR-CFF13B: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal comprised of two discs. One is stamped with a monogram or privy mark of W (I or P) / XX over a date of 1722, all within a beaded border. The reverse has scratched letters, possibly I I or R I.

SUR-2CB265: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal, probably of later 17th or 18th century date. Side 1: A branching privy mark and the letters (I?)V Side 2: Blank

SUR-2CE302: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal, two lobes of a four-part seal. Side 1: Bust of George I facing right. Side 2: 1 Three plumes 1/2

SUR-2D1DA0: CLOTH SEAL
Two lobes of a four-part cloth seal. Side 1: Bust of Queen Anne facing left Side 2: (1) St George on horseback 1/2

SUR-221E04: CLOTH SEAL
An unattributed lead cloth seal which retains the impression of a fine cloth. Side 1. A star of five points Side 2. Illegible

SUR-37F836: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. Side 1: The initials SI, also possibly WH (scratched). Side 2: illegible scratched digits

SUR-B1B756: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-lobe cloth seal, probably of 18th century date. Side 1: Privy mark with the letters I[.] at one end. Side 2: NK(stamped)

SUR-C59B95: CLOTH SEAL
A lead seal of uncertain purpose. The seal is dissimilar to known cloth seals which tend to be circular. However, there appear to be impressions of cloth folds on the reverse. The seal comprises a larger and a smaller sheet, both of which have rounded elongated projections on their reverses. The projection on the smaller sheet protrudes through a hole in the larger piece. There are various incuse stamps; these comprise GW (the W is at right angles to the G); WM, and various others, not of letter forms.

SUR-B4E362: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four-lobe post medieval alnage seal for cloths. -/-/-/crown over thistle with 1/2 to right and [1] to left

SUR-D2BA77: CLOTH SEAL
A small two-lobe lead cloth seal. Side 1: An apparent A with an overstamped cross. Side 2: Unclear

SUR-4FFEE2: CLOTH SEAL
The central part of one lobe from a cloth seal, perhaps of four lobes originally. The seal shows a shield with a cross, the cross of St George, which suggests it belongs to the Commonwealth period.

SUR-3342C3: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe of a four-lobe early 18th century lead alnage seal. -//-//[head of George I]//-//Britannia, seated, holding an olive branch and a spear. 1 1/2 to sides.

SUR-704062: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four-lobe 18th century lead cloth seal, probably dating to the reign of William III. All that survives is one lobe bearing a letter W between two addorsed Rs.

SUR-F81CB7: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. Side 1: R I(?)/ quatrefoil/ D(?) h F Side 2: WO (stamped)

SUR-E079F6: CLOTH SEAL
A biface lead cloth seal. Obverse: The coat of arms of England in a shield Reverse: An unclear shield of arms

A two-part cloth seal. Uncertain inscription (but possibly [L]ILLE)//Crowned S and crowned X (both incuse); scratched figures, possibly 4 1/2.

SUR-A76855: CLOTH SEAL
A 19th century lead cloth seal. Side 1: Privy mark, AD[...] (A DANIEL?) Side 2: Blank

SUR-FD5F56: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a post medieval Kentish lead cloth seal. A crowned double rose with initals to either sides ?C/-, ...CO KENTC, around.

SUR-FD8686: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal from Norwich or Norfolk Side 1: ?tower Side 2: XXI

SUR-FD93C3: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. Side 1: A privy mark above XX, EG to sides Side 2: Quartered arms

SUR-FDA881: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a lead cloth seal. Side 1: W//-

SUR-708C25: CLOTH SEAL
A cloth seal, probably from Norwich, with a castle gate on one side and a cross and pellet on the other.

A biface lead cloth seal. Side 1. [...]/XX/III Side 2. Possibly a portcullis

SUR-A6F050: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal from Kent. The seal has three lines of lettering inside a circle of pellets. -//(3 pellets)MO/KENT./(3 pellets)IS

SUR-A8A2B0: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal of two lobes. CF, star beneath//-.

SUR-20FB81: CLOTH SEAL
An unidentifed two-lobe lead cloth seal. Side 1. An oval shield of arms with a chevron and stars with a possible crown over. Side 2. The letter T.

A two-lobe lead cloth seal, possibly a weaver's seal and possibly from Yorkshire (Geoff Egan, pers. comm.). Side 1: The letter B and H with two crosses below and a merchant's mark between (formign an elongated 4). Side 2: The number 5 stamped and 7X5 scratched.

SUR-48A963: CLOTH SEAL
A complete, two-lobe lead cloth seal. A large fragment of coarse cloth survives between the lobes. Side 1: WF Side 2: Blank

SUR-F76AA6: CLOTH SEAL
A cloth seal from an Augsburg fustian, featuring a single lobe and part of a second. One side displays the letter A for Augsburg; the reverse features a pinecone.

SUR-5E5416: CLOTH SEAL
A two-lobe cloth seal. Side 1: PGB (or H,F or R as the last letter). Side 2: SNH (or HNS), incuse, over XX (scratched).

SUR-CE8D83: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Three standing figures, probably of soldiers. CLUTTERBUCK RA[.]M[...], B(reversed)B (both incuse) Side 2: B(reversed)B (both incuse), central A (incuse)

SUR-CECBF5: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: [I?]D with privy mark between the letters, surmounted by a quatrefoil; all within a double circle. Side 2: F(scratched)

SUR-1CD7C1: CLOTH SEAL
A two-lobe post medieval cloth seal. M over privy mark//blank

SUR-AF2A96: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal deriving from Leipzig. Side 1: LEIP/ZIGEX/FARE Side 2: Arms of Saxony

SUR-AF3FF0: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. Side 1: Privy mark TG, below a crown Side 2: 2246(?) above 16(?) (scratched)

SUR-AF4E05: CLOTH SEAL
A circular post medieval War Department cloth seal without the attached strip which joined the two lobes. Side 1: WD with the arrow mark between, within circle. Side 2: 414(?) (scratched)

SUR-AF5947: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. Side 1: WI over a privy mark. Side 2: 22 1/2(yards) in a pelleted circular frame, also the edge of a second pelleted circle; 774 (incuse); 3(?)6(scratched on joining strip).

SUR-AF7088: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. Only the central disc survives. Side 1: Ligatured initials Side 2: 26(?) (scratched)

SUR-AF7CC2: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth or dyers' seal. Side 1: Perhaps a madder bag below [.]W Side 2: Unclear. The outer frame of the lobe is missing.

SUR-DCB0B4: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. The seal has been cut diametrically. Side 1: HM(?) above a cinquefoil, within a circular border. Side 2. Scratched lettering. The seal bears the impression of a closely woven textile on the inside of the two lobes.

SUR-473B92: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. Side 1. Privy mark and IP Side 2. Blank

SUR-D7EDC6: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal dating to the reign of Queen Anne. The seal has been snipped in half; only one half survives. Side 1: Bust of Anne facing left, in a circular frame of radiating lines. Side 2: Crown over a harp. Figure 1 to left.

SUR-DC3FC5: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. Side 1: OF/ENGLAND King's head facing right, possibly Charles II, in pelleted circle. Side 2: A lis in a circle.

SUR-954DC7: CLOTH SEAL
An unidentified cloth seal. Side 1: [...]R:SVR(R?)[...]around a pelleted circle containing a lis with S to the left. Side 2: blank

SUR-9567C3: CLOTH SEAL
An unidentified cloth seal. Side 1: unclear, possibly incorporating a cross and a privy mark. Side 2: blank

SUR-9575F1: CLOTH SEAL
An unidentified cloth seal comprising a pair of annular discs, probably part of the same seal. Side 1: A privy mark within a pelleted frame (24.61mm diam). Side 2: Scratched figures 144 and 15(4?). (30.73mm diam).

A fragment of a lead cloth seal. Side 1. W(C?) below a sprig Side 2. 6 (scratched and incomplete).

SUR-3DB568: CLOTH SEAL
A two-lobed cloth seal. The incuse inscription reads AS//D.

SUR-C3AB75: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal originally attached to Kidderminster 'stuff'. The inner disc from a four-part seal. The seal reads: KIDDERMINS[TER...] The design shows: The shield of the London Weavers' Guild (three leopards' heads with shuttles in their mouths) and a chevron with three mullets.

SUR-528EE3: CLOTH SEAL
One disc from a two-part cloth seal. One face consists of a flattened rivet, and has been stamped with the letters SEA/RCH/ED within a circle, around which is lettering reading [...]EO ?B[...].

One lobe from a two-part cloth seal. The seal depicts a pine cone on a rounded base with two projections and with trefoils to either side.

One lobe of a two-part cloth seal. The seal shows the raised letters XX / V // -

A Norwich two-part cloth seal. GH/LBC/GCNC/WL // NO/RWI/CH

SUR-984FB4: CLOTH SEAL
A Surrey two-part cloth seal. The seal is lozenge-shaped. On one side is a harp with a crown above and mullets (five-pointed star) to either side within a cablework lozenge border; on the other the letters CO.SVRRY in a circle around a mullet, all within a circular border of pellets.

SUR-ADBCC6: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe of a two part cloth seal. The design is unclear but appears to show a tree with an S on one side of the trunk, the other letter is indistinct.

SUR-FBC150: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe of a two-part seal. On the remaining outer side is a groups of illegible scratched letters. On the inside is an impression of a fine cloth (14 strands across c1cm)

A two-part seal. Merchants mark between R and C(?), DYER stamped to one side//A (scratched)

SUR-094BD5: CLOTH SEAL
A two-part seal. 62 (stamped)//(plain). Between the two lobes is a fragment of a fine cloth dyed rose.

SUR-AB61A2: CLOTH SEAL
A circular two-part cloth seal with stamped (incuse) letters. W/6C (the latter letter on its side)//plain.

SUR-9F9372: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. Side 1: I(?V) with privy mark between. Side 2: Indistinct. Possibly crown over arms with date (?ending in 6) at top, and scrolling.

SUR-5BE357: CLOTH SEAL
Stag, facing left (C?)OLLINS//F (stamped)

SUR-2285E0: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weaver's Company. WORS[T]/EDRE[F]/ORMED/16..//missing

SUR-229A14: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. SS either side of merchant's mark (shaped like a figure 4)//blank

SUR-10A0A5: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. R.I(barred)//E(scratched)

SUR-10B0B2: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. ANNA REGINA (head facing left)//Orb 1

SUR-4AD29C: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead alloy cloth seal. One stamped side has a crowned shield of France with three lis upon it, surrounded by the word EN[...], with the number 2 below. The other side is a monogram centred around the letter A.

SUR-FEB618: CLOTH SEAL
A two part seal of Augsburg. A pinecone in circular beaded frame

SUR-FEC453: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of a two-part seal. Lettering on remaining disc reads (SEARC)HED

SUR-FECE42: CLOTH SEAL
Fragmentary two-part seal with fabric imprint. Stamped 766//initials ?AH

SUR-9EF340: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a post-medieval two-part cloth seal. Part of the, inscribed, missing lobe survives. The remainder is plain.

A fragment of one lobe and the attached central portion of the second of a two-part cloth seal. The complete lobe has a letter A, indicating Augsburg. On the remains of the second lobe a pine cone can just be made out.

SUR-98F1C7: CLOTH SEAL
One plain lobe and the attached central portion of the second lobe of a two-part seal. The initials remaining on the second lobe cannot be easily read, but appear to be an S followed by a letter with an ascender. A loose fragment with no cast design does not appear to relate to this seal.

SUR-FAD905: CLOTH SEAL
A weaver's or clothier's seal. (scratched)4 1/4 / 41/4 // circle of two concentric lines, further details unclear.

SUR-FAF9B1: CLOTH SEAL
A weaver's or clothier's seal. (scratched)45 1/4 /(?)45 1/4 // 4/5(?)

SUR-2E5E12: CLOTH SEAL
A late 17th century lead cloth seal from a worsted (a type of cloth made by the Norwich Weavers Company). Side 1: WO[R]/STE[D RE]FO[RMED] Side 2: 27 (referring to the length in yards)

Two lobes from a 4-part cloth seal showing the bust of Charles II or James II. 1. Bust facing right OF ENGLAND 2. [.] Lys 1/2

A lobe from a 4-part cloth seal of late 17th or early 18th century date. 1. 1 1/2. Between the numerals a crown over a shield containing a lion rampant.

SUR-83A407: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal from Berkshire. The seal is a complete four-lobe seal (the two smaller lobes are blank). Side 1. BERKSHEIR, TP ligated. Side 2. Lion on cap (lion statant on chapeau), CR at sides.

A Surrey cloth seal originating from Guildford. The seal comprises two lobes; the reverse is unclear. Side 1. GVLDEFORD [...] Castle gate Side 2. Unclear. Arms?

SUR-3D10A3: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal, apparently issued by an uncertain depot of the Royal Ordnance Factory. Side 1: [...]TA[...] DEPOT on banner below a shield which depicts two field guns. Side 2: Scratched numbers.

SUR-EDCD62: CLOTH SEAL
A two-part seal of rounded rectangular form, possibly for attachment to cloth although there is no linking strip. Side 1. I (barred). Or possibly a cross with extended terminals. Side 2. Blank

A lead cloth seal from a fustian produced at Augsburg, Germany. Side 1: Pine cone Side 2: A and three annulets in a pelleted circle

SUR-B89848: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal once attached to a cloth from Augsburg, Germany. Side 1. A bull [AV]GS[PVRG] Side 2. A, above an annulet

SUR-CB68A6: CLOTH SEAL
A two lobe cloth seal. Side 1: GROS/HART/S(M?) Side 2: ?an angel

SUR-C6BAD4: CLOTH SEAL
The central portions from a two-lobe cloth seal of Portuguese origin, with imprint of textile.

SUR-DAB994: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead Russian seal with a hollow for the wire. The seal is apparently dated 180(?6).

SUR-DDFC57: CLOTH SEAL
A two-lobe cast lead cloth seal, probably of 17th century date. Side 1: C.RP/ (an indistinct possible T[.] Side 2: A castle gateway

SUR-060D17: CLOTH SEAL
A biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: W & {...] Side 2: [.]/48 (scratched)

SUR-2CAFD0: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: R (incuse) Side 2: Unclear incuse letters

SUR-E52C37: CLOTH SEAL
A biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: A sun with radiating rays. The letter to the left is unclear but there is an A to the right of the sun. the A has a bar across its top. Side 2: Pellet

SUR-E9C664: CLOTH SEAL
A biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: Orb Side 2: Illegible

A two-lobed lead cloth seal. Side 1: E(incuse) Side2: Illegible

A Russian lead seal from the trade in hemp and flax cloth. The seal is dated to the 1770s and may be from St Petersburg. SPB/[.]R(H)B/177[.]

SUR-60FA10: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal, probably of 18th century date. Side 1: A woolsack over IS or JS Side 2: RW/B/(2)3 (scratched)

One lobe of a lead two-lobe cloth seal. The surviving lobe has possible black letter initials, or perhaps Roman initials which read IB. The reverse has an imprint of a fine weave fabric on it.

A biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: A house with a single entrance and no windows. The letter W to the right. Side 2: a capital I on the central disc.

SUR-F38F41: CLOTH SEAL
A four-part lead cloth seal. Side 1: A bust facing right possibly of George I Side 2: A unicorn facing left, rampant, with a 2 below Cf Egan No. 164 etc.

SUR-F47E45: CLOTH SEAL
A single-sided lead seal of uncertain origin B / KR[.]

SUR-07CF22: CLOTH SEAL
A two-lobed lead cloth seal. Side1: M with four pellets to right Side 2: 2 [.] (scratched)

SUR-6D6B23: CLOTH SEAL
A lobe from a two-lobe cloth seal of early 18th century date. The seal shows a crown above a shield between the numbers 1 1/2. The missing lobe would have depicted the profile head of the reigning monarch.

SUR-9A6DAB: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A branching tree motif Side 2: 59 (scratched)

A biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: An unclear central upright initial Side 2: 18/6 // unclear (scratched)

A Post Medieval lead two-lobe Somerset cloth seal. Side 1: + over 3 over OC, SOMERSET in a circle around Side 2: A shield of St. George in a beaded circle See WAW-82B292 for a similar seal.

SUR-8EDC8B: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal with an impression of a fine weave textile. Side 1: Two initials either side of a merchant mark, possibly TM, or MI if upside down Side 2: Scratches

SUR-8EE286: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal with nothing clearly visible on either of the two lobes.

SUR-8EE86D: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: AR ligated Side 2: Blank

SUR-18D7FA: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Blank Side 2: 189 over 38 3/4 (scratched)

SUR-18E7D3: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: G Side 2: Unclear, possibly an initial

SUR-18EDBA: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: initials IRC Side 2: Blank

SUR-18FF41: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe of a Post Medieval lead cloth seal with the initial M.

SUR-D83559: CLOTH SEAL
A two lobe Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The seal appears to show three crescents arranged in a triangle. The second side is blank.

SUR-5B73B3: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal from Norwich. Side 1: Three towers of a castle or town wall; lion below Side 2: [...]W INEC or similar, in two lines (the meaning is unclear).

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. One side shows a crown over the initials SM, all within a circle of pellets. The other side is blank.

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Both sides bear an impression of coarse cloth. No other design is visible.

SUR-ADEAF8: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal with the initials RG either side of a merchant's mark. The reverse is blank.

SUR-ADF0F4: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal with a pair of scissors. The reverse is blank.

SUR-ADF84E: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. This clearly refers to a Samuel Ramsden but further work would be needed to identify the individual who is presumably a weaver, perhaps from Yorkshire. Side 1: SAM. / RAMS/[D]EN Side 2: the number 43 in a circle.

SUR-ADFF18: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating from the reign of Queen Anne 1702-14. Side 1:Bust of Queen Anne facing left. Side 2: 3/4 and a heraldic rose.

SUR-AE05FB: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal with the bust a male bust facing right, possibly William III. The reverse is illegible.

SUR-09CC22: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal of unknown provenance, probably continental. Side 1 shows an eagle with tis wings outstretched. Around the eagle is an indistinct legend. Side 2 shows a cross with two arms. Around the cross is an indistinct legend.

SUR-71F3A4: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal with the fragmentary surrounding legend * D [- - -] E T *, and with a ligated PW in the centre. Paul Cannon comments: I think this is a fragment of a 17th century cloth seal. The monogram PW (or WP) is surrounded by * D [- - -] E T *. It seems likely that the county name of 'Dorset' is intended. PW (or WP) are the initials of the alnager. The same monogram is recorded on cloth seals of Exeter (Devon); Somerset and Wiltshire. If my interpretation is correct this may be the first recording of these initials for the alnage of Dorset. The same alnager (as was common) appears to have had control over a number of areas. See "Provenanced Leaden Cloth Seals" by Geoffrey Egan, Sub-Department of Medieval Archaeology, University College, University of London. submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1987. For Devon PW (pp 72, 73 & 74); Somerset PW (p 211) & Wiltshire PW (p 236) See http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349956/ for this thesis on-line. For examples of PW (WP) for Somerset see http://www.bagseals.org/gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=20954 ; and for Exeter see http://www.bagseals.org/gallery/main.php?g2_itemId=5034

SUR-B51085: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. One side shows the initials IS either side of a merchant's mark. The other side is blank.

SUR-DB829C: CLOTH SEAL
A twolobed Post Medieval lead cloth seal. One lobe possibly has the initials I.C, the second lobe has a possible number 2 scratched on it.

SUR-DB8B4A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. One lobe contains a possible merchant's mark with with what appears to be the initial N over it.

SUR-DB93AC: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal with the letter W and I, divided vertically by a merchant's mark. On the second lobe is scratched W over 372.

SUR-306EF8: CLOTH SEAL
A biface Post Medieval cloth seal. Side 1: A diamond frame containing crosses, above a merchant's mark. The latter may comprise a pair of Xs. Side 2: Blank.

SUR-D81EE4: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal: Side 1: A letter S over an antelope or stag going left Side 2: Scratched 4 and 1 over 22, with 30 beneath a dividing line

SUR-D8272D: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval - Modern lead cloth seal: Side 1: Unclear. Possibly two standing figures or a possible horse going left Side 2: Stamped with TT 5

SUR-D82DE1: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval - Modern lead cloth seal: Side 1: IM with seven mullets in a circle around Side 2: A stamped letter C

SUR-EC55DE: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A lys between I[.] Side 2: Head of Queen Anne facing left. MAG BRI FR ET H[IB] around.

SUR-97AD2F: CLOTH SEAL
A distorted Post Medieval lead cloth seal with a cloth impression visible between the two lobes. Side I: BO with an arrow mark between (probably a merchant's mark) and a shield below Side 2: This side is scratched but illegible

SUR-51F7A9: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: R&I / C Side 2: Blank

SUR-A667C8: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal with a textile impression between the two lobes. Side 1: Unclear and incomplete. Side 2: Scratched initials - ESX or similar.

SUR-BAC545: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal with the letters IW either side of a merchant's mark in the form of a tree. There is a letter T below this and to the left, slanted at an angle.

SUR-29ED8B: CLOTH SEAL
A biface Post Medieval - Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: CB (incuse) Side 2: Possibly IM (unclear cast initials)

SUR-29F4BB: CLOTH SEAL
A biface Post Medieval - Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: Possibly the initial MC either side of a merchants mark Side 2: Scratched numbers, possibly 50

A biface Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Bust of Queen Anne facing left Side 2: A horse and rider (Saint George and the Dragon) going left. 1 1/2

SUR-2A9BB5: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: C over HS (presumably the initials HSC) Side 2: Blank

SUR-2B70D7: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal Side 1: [...]BR[... ]...UBC[...] Side 2: Blank

A Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal of the Weaver's Company of Norwich. Side 1: [W]OR[S]TED [RE]FOR[M]ED Side 2: Unclear

SUR-CCE02C: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead biface cloth seal. Side 1: Merchant's mark Side 2: 22 (scratched)

SUR-CD2B48: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cast lead cloth seal. Side 1: W[.] Side 2: 192 over 2 (scratched)

SUR-6FAB27: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal, probably of 18th century date. Side 1: DC or DG within a circle. Trefoil above and below. Side 2: NC or NG (incuse stamps).

A post medieval cast lead cloth seal. Side 1: [.] R either side of an unclear central device resembling a clover leaf. Side 2: Illegible.

SUR-6FB94A: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal, probably of 18th century date. Side 1: SP within a double arching frame. Probable merchant's mark above. Side 2: 3o (scratched).

SUR-EF458A: CLOTH SEAL
A Lead cloth seal of 17th or 18th century date. An impression of a fine-weave textile is visible. Side 1 exhibits a merchant's mark between the initials LH. Side 2 has the incuse intials DD. Scratched marks include a W and a smaller diamond-shaped symbol (perhaps intended as an O).

SUR-18017F: CLOTH SEAL
A lead possible cloth seal. There is no clear method of attachment but it seems probable that this object is a seal of some form. The image shows a tower on the right with a quatrefoil window. On the left is a ship and there appears to be faint lettering arranged in an arc above. A pelleted circle forms the circumference. The image presumably represents a ship drawn up in port.

SUR-3FBCE1: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-lobe cloth seal, probably of 18th century date. Side 1: G over IH. Side 2. Scratched marks.

SUR-3FEA68: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two-lobe cloth seal, probably of 18th century date. Side 1: An unclear marks including the letter F6. Side 2. Scratched marks, perhaps including 7.

SUR-673DA5: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal with possibly originally four lobes; only two survive. Side 1: [...]/DMP/ Side 2: RAN/74 (few letters are certain). It is possible that what can be read is DVR/RAM, for Durham. But if so this seal is a long way from home.

SUR-DF57C9: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a lead cloth seal from the period of Charles II. The surviving lobe shows a crown over a heraldic rose with CR/TB to the sides; below is an illegible possible numeral, perhaps a 3.

SUR-FD7896: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a post medieval lead cloth seal showing a crown over a pair of addorsed shapes, possibly armorial. The shapes are very indistinct with faint lettering encircling.

SUR-FE2466: CLOTH SEAL
A biface lead two-part cloth seal of uncertain origin. Side 1: The numeral 4 in a horseshoe inside a pelleted circular frame Side 2: Illegible

A lead cloth seal with two lobes. The design shows a thistle between two letters, the latter being an R. This presumably dates to the reign of James I. Side 1: [.] thistle R Side 2: Unclear

SUR-43C7F2: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal with four discs. Disc 1: Illegible Disc 2: A crown Disc 3: Possibly a hanging fleece Disc 4: Illegible

A lead four-part cloth seal fragment, now very worn. The seal belongs to a well known series showing a monarch's head. In this case the bust is very worn but may be William III or Anne.

A two lobed post medieval lead cloth seal fragment. The seal is blank on one side and has a portcullis on the other.

A post medieval two lobe lead cloth seal showing a portcullis on one side and blank on the other.

SUR-652AC3: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal. Side 1: depicting an eagle with wings out-stretched and an incomplete surrounding legend which probably reads [NORWIC]H ALIE[NS] (probably Walloon immigrants, from the area of present day Belgium). Cf Egan no. 93. Side 2: Blank

SUR-99FDB6: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval two-lobe cloth seal. One side is blank; the other bears a merchant's mark which appears to include the intials CB.

SUR-7CF3F2: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal. The seal is blank on one side and on what remains of the other side the letters XX are visible.

SUR-BCC8A6: CLOTH SEAL
A cast biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: 19 partly encircled by pellets Side 2: The arms of the city of Haarlem consisting of a sword upright with two mullets (stars) either side and a cross potent above. This is a cloth seal from the Dutch city of Haarlem. None of the inscription [HAERLEMS GOET] is however visible. There are very many examples already on the PAS database eg HAMP-32C363.

SUR-BCD154: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe from a cast biface lead cloth seal, from the reign of Queen Anne. Side 1: George on a horse and a dragon facing left. The numerals 1 1/2 Cf. Egan no. 190

SUR-B6CA73: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead two-lobed cloth seal. Side 1: Unclear with a central cinqfoil Side 2: - /26 1/4 (scratched)

SUR-E0023E: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment comprising a single lobe from a cast lead cloth seal. The seal shows a crown over a harp and the number 4 to the left. Cf Egan nos 135 or 139.

SUR-418ED7: CLOTH SEAL
A small post medieval cast lead two-lobed cloth seal. Side 1: XV Side 2: A portcullis

SUR-458D8A: CLOTH SEAL
A large post medieval cast lead two-lobed cloth seal. Side 1: A possible letter C and a W either side of central merchant's mark which consists of the number 4 over a woolsack and a XX below Side 2: Scratched 154 1/2 over illegible possible script letters

A post medieval two-lobed cast lead cloth seal, presently unidentified. Side 1: [.]B / WCM / BDC (or similar) Side 2: [.]A / G[...]

SUR-699BD7: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cast two-lobe lead cloth seal. Side 1: Initials SC with a merchant's mark between. Side 2: Blank

A post medieval cloth seal dating to the reign of George I, AD1714-27. cf Egan nos.158, 165 etc. Side 1: A crown over a rose and thistle. Possible letter to right. Side 2: Bust of George I facing right. [...]MBR[...].

SUR-8C35BD: CLOTH SEAL
A probable late post medieval cloth seal. The seal has an unusual construction in which a split tab on the back of one disc projects through a large circular hole in the second disc. Side 1: 52 (incuse)

SUR-8E5E7D: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: YB (incuse) Side 2: unclear, possibly initials in script.

Two Post Medieval lead cloth seals. Side 1: A crown over RWR (the R to the left is reversed) - possibly relating to William III Side 2: Blank

SUR-143D7E: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead two-part cloth seal. Side 1: IH over a woolsack Side 2: 709 over 7[.] (scratched)

A Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal with an internal textile imprint. Side 1: $ (possibly a merchant's mark) Side 2: 25 (scratched)

SUR-1448CB: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal. Side 1: [.]S (raised) Side 2: Blank

A Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company. Side 1: [SS/ALGG] / [G]BA[H] / BR Side 2: NO / RWI / [CH]

SUR-2B327C: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: WD with an arrow above and below - double stamped Side 2: Scratched marks

SUR-E7AE4D: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: B & T Side 2: TN/2 (stamped)

SUR-E2F625: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal, probably of 18th century date. Side 1: A standing bird facing left. Side 2: Perhaps 33 over 1.

SUR-31AB53: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval two-lobe lead cloth seal. Little is visible save for a possible merchant's mark on the incomplete lobe.

SUR-9AA955: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. Both sides bear impressions of a coarse textile. Side 1: A branching motif Side 2: Blank

SUR-BA5E77: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: A bust facing right, possibly George I Side 2: A horse going left with the number 1 to the left

A lead cloth seal of four lobes originally, probably from the reign of Charles II. Side 1. King's bust facing right, OF [ENG]LAND around// - Side 2. Heraldic rose in rayed circle, C above // -

A fragment of a Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Possibly conjoined initials Side 2: Unclear

SUR-0093D5: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A castle tower within a beaded and ropework circle Side 2: Missing. There is a cloth impression on the internal face

SUR-82B5EF: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of a Post-Medieval lead alloy cloth or bag seal stamped with three lions passant guardant within a beaded border. The design is similar to the plantagenet lions of the royal coat of arms. There are no other markings and the reverse is plain.

SUR-6A06B6: CLOTH SEAL
Lead alloy cloth or bag seal. One side is stamped with a crest or design featuring two cockerals facing each other over a flower or a thistle with a pair of leaves radiating underneath to either side. There is lettering over this design which appears to read "p b g", however it is highly stylised. The reverse is stamped with a capital B.

SUR-E97A35: CLOTH SEAL
Lead alloy cloth or bag seal, 23.1mm in length and 18.9mm wide. One side is stamped with a faint design comprising a crown over a portculis (with 3 x 3 grid) and chains, surrounded by an indecipherable legend. Circa 1600.

SUR-F6AC71: CLOTH SEAL
A post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal: one side has a bare headed bust of George 1 facing right, within a milled border and legend MAG REG REX. The other side has a lion couchant, left, between the numbers 1 and 1/2 (to indicate duty of 1 1/2 d) within a milled border. First quarter of 18th century.

SUR-F8E035: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal, 25.3mm in diameter, stamped AO with crowns above each letter.

SUR-22CB8E: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, circa late 17th century, 17.7mm in diameter, stamped W(OR)/STED/REFOR/MED. Reverse has traces of a stamped letter C or curved design.

SUR-22DE2A: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, circa late 17th century. The outer face has a three line legend reading WOR/STED/REFOR/MED: the reverse has traces of a now illegible number probably indicating the quantity of yards the piece contained (see Egan, (1987), p173 and BH-1A11D7).

SUR-B32F5E: CLOTH SEAL
A two lobe post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal of Portuguese origin. One side is stamped with a shield over an armillary sphere, the other has the central escutcheon of the coat of arms of Portugal (five small escutcheons in a cross within a border charged with seven triple-towered castles). No legends or numbers. Circa 17th century.

SUR-B358EE: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth or bag seal stamped with a collection of images within a simple oval linear border. The imagery from left to right consists of: a lis, a decorative shield in 15th or 16th century style, with a possibly foliate device upon it, possibly over crossed sceptres and surmounted by a crown, with a feather and another unidentifiable object to the right. The reverse of the seal is blank. Circa 16th century.

SUR-B28F79: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth or bag seal. One side is stamped 4 dd (or PP), the other has the letters F H in the lobes of a heart-shaped border, with & above. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-B2F535: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth or bag seal. One side is stamped with a complex monogram in the form of an interlaced double C, with small five pointed flower in the centre and trefoil between the arches. There are other letters, possibly an L or J in one half of the design and an illegible letter on the other side. The device is contained within a border of pellets. The other side is stamped 2 IB. Late17th-18th century.

SUR-DDE4F1: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy bag or cloth seal, stamped with an openwork swastika within a circular beaded border.The reverse is blank.

SUR-DF0232: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth or bag seal, 23.7mm in length. One side is stamped with a design which may represent a cornucopia, with scrolling foliage emerging from a horn, with fruit around it. The reverse is blank.

A Post Medieval lead alloy cloth or bag seal which has been opened out. There are three distinct stamped designs: An Irish harp, crowned, flanked by a pair of five-petaled flowers all set within in a diamond or lozenge comprising a plain line and outer cabled border. A monogram of TG flanked by a pair of quatrefoils within a circular cabled border surrounded by an indecipherable legend with a number of five petalled flowers as initial marks, possibly ***[...]P.P.Y. A circle containing the letters which may be S L(or E) A / P O H / ED.

SUR-D0CD5B: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four part lead alloy alnage seal dating from the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714). One side features a crowned AR monogram for Queen Anne. The other side has the letters IW scratched on.

SUR-C23BA7: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy disc from a cloth alnage seal. One side is stamped with a crowned rose with a 1 on the left side and a 1/2 on the right indicating the alnage subsidy for the cloth of 1 1/2 pence, all within a beaded border. Circa 17th - early 18th century.

A Post Medieval lead alloy cloth or bag seal. The rivet disc side is stamped FI, with the letters at right angles to each other. The rove disc is blank. Circa 18th century.

SUR-ADC806: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal stamped on one side with a privy mark comprising a heart which is quartered by lines and contains a four letters I? / S /V / [...]. From the top of the heart emerges a vertical projection with two horizontal cross bars, the upper of which has curled ornaments to the ends and the lower, which is longer, with wedge-shaped ornaments to the ends. The reverse is unmarked. Circa 17th century.

SUR-FB6478: CLOTH SEAL
A possibly Post Medieval lead cloth seal in a cross-shaped form decorated with a possible dagger with a rounded pommel. There is a cross pattee at the end of the 'blade' and four six-point stars in the field. There is a textile impression on the inside.

SUR-FB71DF: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A crown over W (possibly for William III) Side2: Blank

SUR-FB76F7: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: P (?I) Side2: Possibly blank

A two-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Part 1: Portcullis Part 2: Blank

SUR-80ADDE: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval strip form lead cloth seal, originally of tubular form. Elton, 2017, p. 113 suggests use by Dutch immigrant weavers. The seal bears the letters LII in a rectangular frame, possibly to indicate 52 yards of cloth.

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A crown over an heraldic rose with a letter M to the right and possibly a letter C to the left. The encircling legend is largely illegible Side 2: Blank

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal possibly from Dorset. Side 1: COM/DAR(or similar) Side 2: A lys with a crown above

SUR-794CCC: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A lion standing left with its tail over its back Side 2: Blank, may possibly have scratched numbers

SUR-7B626C: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: WC or WO Side 2: GR over an unclearmotif (scratched)

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal from Augsburg. Side 1: A + three annulets Side 2: A pine cone

SUR-4A843B: CLOTH SEAL
One half of a two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, circa late 17th century. The outer face has a three line legend reading WOR/STED / REFOR/MED. The seal has a cloth impression on its interior face.

An incomplete post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal dating to the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714). One disc remains; it features a bust of Queen Anne, left, surrounded by the legend FIDEI DEFEN.

SUR-C8FED3: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: SD (stamped) Side 2: Blank

SUR-C9039E: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Possibly GA Side 2: Possibly A, scratched or stamped

SUR-C9B38C: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal seal dating to the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714). One side features a left-facing bust of Queen Anne; the other depicts a crowned Harp with a number 1 to the left indicating the alnage subsidy of 1 penny for the cloth.

SUR-C9BBCB: CLOTH SEAL
One part of a four-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal with a crowned rose, probably dating to the period of William III to George I. The alnage subsidy for the cloth of 1 1/2 pence is indicated around the crown.

SUR-C9C0F7: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a lead alloy four part alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702). The inner disc features a bare-headed bust, right with legend OF ENG-LAND.

SUR-C9C4FB: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four part lead alloy alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702). The inner disc features a bare-headed bust, right with legend OF ENG-LAND.

SUR-CA033D: CLOTH SEAL
Three fragments of a Post Medieval four part lead alloy alnage seal of Queen Anne (AD 1702-1714). The fragmentary discs show (from left to right in photo): a small crown(?), a left facing bust of Queen Anne and Britannia seated left with a number 1 to the left indicating the alnage subsidy in pence for the cloth.

SUR-CA081C: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four-part lead alloy alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702). The disc features a bare-headed bust, right, with legend OF ENG-LAND; the reverse is blank.

SUR-F65A6B: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A crown Side 2: Missing

Two fragments of a post Medieval cloth seal. One side of the incomplete disc is stamped with the letter W over an I M monogram, all within a beaded border. The reverse appears to have letters, possibly including W and M, scratched onto it. There is a separate fragment of the connecting tag, which has some indecipherable lettering stamped upon it. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-F22E64: CLOTH SEAL
A two-disc lead alloy cloth alnage seal dating to the reign of William III (1694-1702). The obverse has a portrait of William III, right, with unclear legend, all within a beaded border. The reverse has a rose with a I above (indicating a duty of one penny) within a beaded border.

SUR-F26A7F: CLOTH SEAL
A two-disc lead alloy post Medieval clothworkers personal seal. One side has a trefoil privy mark or monogram, the other has unclear scratched letters or numerals. Circa late 17th-18th century.

SUR-F2A234: CLOTH SEAL
A small and incomplete lead alloy post Medieval cloth seal stamped with the letters RW. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-4F405C: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal in two fragments. One side has letters NH moulded onto it, the other has numerals reading 34 // 55 scratched onto it. Circa 18th century.

SUR-4F4FE4: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy two-part clothworker's personal seal. One side has a monogram or privy mark containing the letters SDB / TR within a beaded border. The reverse has illegible letters or numbers scratched into it. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-CEB3A4: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two part lead alloy late 18th century cloth seal stamped with an anchor dividing the legend PAC - K[ER]. Around this is another legend R . HO[PE] - LONDON all within a beaded border. The reverse is blank.

SUR-DEAE12: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead alloy post Medieval clothworker's personal seal. One side has a curilicued monogram, possibly incorporating IW or MI. The other side has stamped incuse letters L and S set perpendicular to each other. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-3702AF: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four part lead alloy alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702) One side features a crowned RWR monogram for William III. The other side has a scratched letter W.

SUR-4904DF: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead alloy two-part cloth seal which has been partially folded back on itself. One side has a triad of letters and numerals I II / I within linear borders with individual circles around the "I" and "II". It is unclear which way up the design is meant to be read. The reverse has numerals scratched onto it - possibly 16[...]. Circa 17th century.

SUR-D2CBDE: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal. The remaining disc is stamped with a lion standing left, over a crown between the numbers 1 and 1/2 (to indicate duty of 1 1/2 d) within a milled border. Circa late 17th to early 18th century.

SUR-A6E9F5: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete four part lead alloy cloth alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702) One side features a crowned RWR monogram for William III. The other side has indecipherable scratched letters or numerals.

SUR-A6FF39: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post Medieval four part lead alloy cloth alnage seal possibly dating from the reign of James I (1603-1625) One disc remains and features a crowned thistle with a 4 to the left indicating the duty in pence. The other side is blank.

SUR-62B1CC: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a post medieval rectangular, lead cloth seal. The front is stamped with lettering and Roman numerals reading [...]HAX[...] / [...]XX[...]. The reverse has a cylindrical integrally cast lug, 5.2mm thick, which has been bent to one side.

SUR-EC394D: CLOTH SEAL
A small lead alloy post Medieval cloth seal. One side depicts a rose. No legends or numbers are evident, but this is most likely part of an alnage (duty) seal of late 17th to early 18th century date.

An incomplete lead alloy alnage seal, probably dating from the reigns of William III or William III and Mary (1688-1702). One disc features a bare-headed bust, right with legend OF ENG-LAND, the other depicts a crown with the duty value of 1 1/2 pence above.

A lead alloy disc from a four part alnage seal, probably dating to the reign of George I (1714-1724). One side displays crowned impaled arms of England (three lions) and Scotland (lion rampant) flanked by numeral 1 and 1/2 indicating the duty paid on the cloth.

A lead alloy disc from an alnage seal depicting a crown over a date of 1631.

SUR-615C4E: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy disc from an alnage seal of late 17th to 18th century date, depicting a crown over numerals of 1 1/2 indicating the duty.

A cast lead Russian oval hemp seal with lettering on both sides within a linear border and with two sub-rectangular slots opposite each other on each side of the seal, which would have allowed the sealing cord to pass through the seal and attach it to the bale of cloth. Obverse: ПД[...] / П:[...]/PДП[...]/H85(6) Reverse: (SP)B / IH.RH / 1788.

SUR-9A95F8: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a lead alloy searcher's seal consisting of a folded rectangular strip; one side is stamped IO(HN) / HAIG, the other with numerals 20. Circa late 18th to 19th century.

SUR-2A802C: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead alloy alnage seal dating from the reigns of William III and Mary (1688-1702). The inner disc features a bare-headed bust, right with legend OF ENG-LAND. The reverse features a crowned RWMR monogram for William III and Mary Stuart over an eight petalled flower. The alnage subsidy for the cloth of 4 1/2 pence is indicated around the crown.

SUR-7CC214: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy fragment stamped with a crude monogram, possibly A C, with pellets within a raised rim. The reverse has faint raised marks which may represent a grid with pellets. There is a pierced hole towards one side which may be intentional. Possibly part of a 17th - 18th century cloth seal.

SUR-CFA8F5: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a lead alloy cloth seal; one side has a portion of an elaborate monogram containing the letters BR, within a beaded border. The reverse has a letter A scratched into it. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-D094AD: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a four part lead alloy alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702) comprising a sealed rove and rivet disc. The rove disc side features a crowned RWR monogram for William III. The rivet disc side is blank.

A two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, circa late 17th century. The outer face has a three line legend reading WOR/STED / REFOR/MED: the reverse has a number, probably 28, which indicates the quantity of yards the piece contained (see Egan, (1987), p173 and BH-1A11D7).

A post medieval lead alloy cloth or bag seal with an embossed design of an openwork swastika within a beaded border. The reverse appears blank.

A fragment of a four-part lead alloy alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702). The disc features a bare-headed bust, right, with legend MAG BR - REX; the reverse is blank.

SUR-83B1CA: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal seal dating to the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714). One side features a left-facing bust of Queen Anne; the other depicts the royal AR monogram with numbers 1/2 to the left indicating the alnage subsidy of a 1/2 penny for the cloth and with the legend [...]RAINED above.

SUR-F8BEE6: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal seal dating to the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714). One side features a left-facing bust of Queen Anne with illegible legend; the other depicts a horse or unicorn rampant on a globe with a 1/2 to the left indicating the alnage subsidy of one halfpenny for the cloth.

A cast lead cloth seal. A clothier's, weaver's, dyer's, or searcher's seal. The seal is similar to seals of the London Dyer's Company (cf Egan nos.267-8). Side 1: (I) (curving lines) L Side 2: Probable privy mark

A post medieval lead cloth seal, a two-part alnage seal. The visible side shows a portcullis.

SUR-C456EE: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead dyer's seal, possibly attributable to one Ben(jamin) Newm(an). Legend reads BEN NEWM DYER; the reverse has scratched numerals and letters, possibly reading H3.

SUR-56EB14: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cast lead biface cloth seal: only one lobe survives. On the inside face is a textile impression. Side 1: A shield divided into three by a wide T. Further details are unclear. Paul Cannon comments: I believe this is a cloth seal from the Dutch city of Rotterdam. The shield contains the coat of arms of the city. The upper part is divided into four, each containing a lion passant. The lower part is divided vertically into three. Around the shield, though hardly visible at all, would be the inscription ROTTERDAM. On the other face is normally a single large R in the centre. There are several Rotterdam cloth seals on the PAS database eg NMS-6DA944.

SUR-79BE64: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment comprising the centre of a lobe from a lead cloth seal, probably of 17th century date. All that can be distinguished on one side is an unclear zigzag device terminating in a possible ear of corn. Letters surround this in a circle.

SUR-CD2B43: CLOTH SEAL
An illegible post medieval lead cloth seal comprising a single lobe with the centre missing.

A fragment of a post medieval two-lobed cast lead cloth seal. Side 1: a quadruped facing left with a possible letter above Side 2:an unclear mark on the surviving fragment

SUR-6A90F6: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead probable cloth seal with a crown over a rose with the letter CR at the sides. This could possibly be a token rather than a seal.

SUR-6A96A8: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a post medieval cast lead cloth seal. The surviving side shows a cockerel in a lozenge frame.

SUR-E3C5F5: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval two-lobe lead cloth seal. One side is blank. The other side shows a merchant's mark which appears to incorporate the initials HS and the last part of what may be a date [..]00, perhaps 1700.

SUR-C077CF: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy fragment, possibly from a post Medieval cloth searcher's seal. One side has two rows of lettering, [...]W∙NOH[...]//[...]A∙TOWN[...]. The other side is blank. Circa 18th century.

SUR-C50204: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy two-part cloth seal. One side is stamped with arms comprising a cross, with a chief of three fleur-de-lis. The reverse has some faint and uninteligible scratched letters or numbers.

SUR-954E5A: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal with a privy mark of R H / XX on one side. The reverse is blank. Circa late 17th-18th century.

SUR-7C66EF: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead alloy cloth seal. One side is stamped RI with a small rosette between, a pellet above and below and a cable style border around. The reverse is blank with scratched letters or numbers. On the fragmentary strip between the discs is partial lettering which may read VF[...]I(C or O). Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-43796C: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal seal dating to the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714). One side features a left-facing bust of Queen Anne with no visible legend; the other depicts a unicorn with a 1 to the left indicating the alnage subsidy of one penny for the cloth.

A two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, circa late 17th century. The outer face has a three line legend reading WOR/STED / REFOR/MED: the reverse has a number, probably 20, which indicates the quantity of yards the piece contained (see Egan, (1987), p173 and BH-1A11D7).

SUR-43ACEC: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead clothworkers personal seal. One side has the letters IM over a curlicued knot with a spray of small flowers(?) above. The other side has a number 8 scratched on. Circa late 17th-18th century,

SUR-43C09D: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two piece lead alloy cloth searcher's tag seal. One side is stamped P.OTRIDGE, the other has numbers 23 III, 6 II which may variously refer to the length, width and weight of the cloth. Circa 19th century.

SUR-AFE8C3: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal dating to the late 17th or early 18th century. Side 1: King's bust facing right Side 2: A shield containing three lys. Crown above.

SUR-0A8D70: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal, from Norfolk. Side 1: WOR/STED REFOR/MED Side 2: 28 (possibly the length of the cloth)

A fragment of a Post Medieval lead seal, probably a cloth seal, formed from a parallel-sided strip with circular terminals. Side 1: A crown and 24 Side 2: T:OT(A)[...]

SUR-DEE0EF: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal originating from Augsburg. Side 1: A pine cone with a trefoil to each side Side 2: Missing

A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: Portcullis Side 2: Blank

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A male bust facing right, possibly William III Side 2: A thistle and 2 1/4

SUR-1822BD: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two-disc lead cloth seal. Side 1: A bird on a castle. Side 2: [...]W[...]

SUR-1A303A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: Ligated initials, possibly IR or WR with three stars between Side 2: 29 (scratched)

A Post Medieval two disc lead cloth seal. Side 1: A merchant's mark with an S overlying Side 2: Blank

SUR-1A3B77: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two-disc lead cloth seal from Augsburg. Side 1: The initial A Side 2: A pine cone

SUR-1A40A4: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two-disc lead cloth seal. Side 1: A possible crown over a shield Side 2: (Missing)

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: IM (incuse) in a cabled circular frame Side 2: SS (incuse)

SUR-5764DA: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval two-part lead cloth seal. Side 1: IP with cinquefoils in the field Side 2: Blank

SUR-576ACE: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: IC (or similar), with a privy mark between Side 2: Blank

SUR-57720E: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: 1661 IK with a crown to the right Side 2: Missing

Part of a two lobe Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Only part of one raised initial, an R or a B, is visible.

SUR-A09EC5: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A vertical line with two 'hooks' to the right Side 2: I (barred) [..]

SUR-A18D37: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A merchant's mark possibly incorporating the initials II with vine stem tendrils ending in grapes or flowers. It is possible that the initials are IT; or HI if the die is broken Side 2: Missing

SUR-A6E694: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Illegible Side 2: Blank

SUR-A6EC0A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A merchant's mark with a W to the left Side 2: An incuse initial, possibly P

SUR-A6F09F: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Unclear Side 2: Blank

SUR-E3870A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two lobe lead cloth seal. Side 1: A quadruped running left Side 2: 29 1/2 scratched into the surface

SUR-144E8D: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Egan nos. 156-157. Side 1: bust of George I facing right Side 2. Crown over 1/thistle/[1/2].

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. 1. The initials I+F in a circle. Above, at an angle, is a strip of letters that look like I (rounded triangle) C. 2. The same strip of letters. 3 4/2 which has been scratched into the seal.

SUR-258AF4: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. 1. Possibly the letters LI in a circle over five (or more) stars. 2. 2 3/4 scratched (or similar).

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. 1. A merchant's mark (looking like the number 4 superimposed on the letter C). 2. Scratched numbers.

SUR-73FA60: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal from Norwich. Side 1: N[O] / RWI / CH Side 2: Missing. The internal face has a textile impression

A Post Medieval single lobe from a lead cloth seal bearing a crown and 1/2 to the right of the crown.

SUR-4ADC23: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval London alnage cloth seal from the reign of Elizabeth I. Side 1: A shield with the arms of England. Side 2: A multi-stranded cross. [LONDINI PRO PANNIS LANICIS]

A single lobe from a Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The remaining faces each have a clear cloth impression but no other design is visible.

SUR-FD1BDD: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: IM Side 2: An incuse I

SUR-FD2174: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment comprising the central portion of a Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: N (or M) Side 2: A( scratched)

SUR-FD27D6: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: A mark with a hooked tail in a pelleted frame. Possibly a crozier. Side 2: A scratched number The crozier is usually associated with the manufacturing centre of Malines (Mechelen) in Belgium

SUR-0E7AF8: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: (missing) Side 2: An incuse PP

SUR-0EE1F6: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: A merchant's mark between the initials RH Side 2: Blank

A Post Medieval two-part lead cloth seal. Side 1: [...] / [...]EXR[...] / [..]OV[...] (the middle line may read SEAR[CHED] Side 2: Blank

SUR-0F2C9B: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two-part lead cloth seal. Side 1: Possibly a merchant's mark (an incomplete disc) Side 2: Scratched numbers

A Post Medieval two-part lead cloth seal. Side 1: Unclear initials or a possible shield Side 2: Scratched letters or figures. These appear to be I / TOIIL / Z O (the latter with two vertical strokes within it).

SUR-0F3B66: CLOTH SEAL
A complete four-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The original length is c.40mm. Side 1: A bust facing right, possibly of Charles II OF ENGLAND Side 2: A lys with a crown above. Figure 4 to the left

SUR-0F902C: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: A merchant's mark between the initials SC Side 2: The scratched initials EB

SUR-0FDF81: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: [.].D (incomplete) Side 2: The scratched numbers 252

A Post Medieval two part lead cloth seal. Side 1: Initials IF with a merchant's mark between Side 2: Plain

SUR-125DD7: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval two part lead cloth seal. Side 1: RM with a merchant's mark or tree between Side 2: Illegible but with the impression of fine textile

One disc of a Post Medieval four part seal with GEORGIVS REX and the head of George I facing right.

SUR-C7C743: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval circular lead cloth seal with two opposed tabs. The seal reads: 24 to 25 YDS.

SUR-84762A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two part lead cloth seal originating from Augsberg, Germany. Part 1: A capital A (for Augsberg) Part 2: Missing

SUR-847C5A: CLOTH SEAL
One part of a four-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal showing a fleur de lys. A 1/2 lies to the right.

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal bearing a crown over a rose. An initial W lies to the left. This is probably for William III.

SUR-848BAD: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval four-part lead cloth seal originating from Reading. Part 1: IP in the centre, R[EA]DIN(G) around Part 2: IP in the centre, READING around

SUR-D4A044: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval seal, probably a cloth seal, comprising a strip of folded lead approximately 61mm long. There are two stamps on one side, a crown over the initials WR (William Rex), and a portcullis in a circle. There are elements of a circular stamp on the other side

SUR-E41A7A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal apparently dated 1740. Side 1: A diamond frame containing the initials BS with 17 above and 40 below. Side 2: Blank

SUR-E42149: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal. Side 1: IW over H Side 2: 3[..] (scratched)

SUR-E54DD5: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A crown above an A and a crown above a C Side 2: Unclear but possibly IS below a line

SUR-3D6FB0: CLOTH SEAL
A single lobe from a four-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Part 1: A bust of George I facing right Part 2: A crown over a rose and thistle

SUR-F79897: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal probably of early 18th century date. Side 1: A crown over 1 1/2 Side 2: Illegible

A Post Medieval lead sea, possibly a cloth seal,l comprising a folded lead strip. The strip is stamped with WR below a crown (presumably for William III) and a portcullis in a circle.

SUR-C0929E: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead biface cloth seal. Side 1: Merchants mark, appearing as an N over a W Side 2: The letter A (scratched)

SUR-EC51CB: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: Unclear but possibly a merchant's mark Side 2: Scratched marks

SUR-EC5B5D: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe from a Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: IC (the I is barred). Side 2: Missing. There is a textile impression on the inner face.

SUR-EC60B8: CLOTH SEAL
Two Post Medieval biface lead cloth seals. Both sides are illegible but bear extensive textile impressions.

SUR-F0B670: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead possible cloth seal. Side 1: A rose Side 2: Blank or unclear

SUR-522AA7: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe from a Post Medieval lead cloth seal, possibly from the reign of James I. Side 1: Royal arms on a square-topped shield.

SUR-7DB078: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: TH (incuse) Side 2: Unclear

SUR-5FA165: CLOTH SEAL
One disc from a Post Medieval lead cloth seal with presumably the letter WR and MR below a crown, for William and Mary. The first letter R is reversed and the letters W and M are superimposed.

A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: The initialr H in a square frame between two flowers. Side 2: Blank.

A Post Medieval or modern two-part circular lead seal, possibly a cloth seal. The seal is formed of two parts, one of which has two prongs on the reverse which penetrate the hole in the other part and are folded back. Side 1: 53 (incuse) Side 2: Blank

SUR-55AEF2: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead Augsburg cloth seal. Side 1: A stylised pine cone with a six-point star on each side, all within a pelleted frame Side 2: A crozier with a possible letter I to the left and a cross to the right

A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. A textile impression is visible on the interior. Side 1: (?) 60 [.] (scratched) Side 2: Blank

SUR-3D2DF1: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: I.S Side 2: (scratched numerals)

SUR-B05A6B: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: Initials in script, possibly MD with a textile impression Side 2: P(incuse) with a textile impression

SUR-089CF0: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal for the Norwich Weaver's Company. The seal has a textile impression on the interior. Side 1: [NO/R]W[I/C]H Side 2: AC/ DRPG/ MSS[R]/ GB

SUR-D387DA: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead possible cloth seal. Side 1: (S)AY 1672 in a pelleted circle Side 2: Plain

SUR-C90F0D: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A castle gate Side 2: An apparent shield of arms.

SUR-DB95EE: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The fragmentary legend appears to read [...]/LOB/(I)ER.

SUR-CDF0E5: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead two-lobe cloth seal. The diameter of the upper seal is 26mm, the lower is 34.16mm. Side 1. PEARSE in a circular frame of tendrils. Side 2. 184/30 (scratched)

SUR-35C2C3: CLOTH SEAL
A one-piece lead cloth seal once attached to silk from Tours. Side 1. A crown and three lys. L in centre. Side 2. A shield containing three castles, the Arms of Tours, a crown above. Initials IM to sides. The letter L refers to Louis XI who was the founder of the Tours silk industry

SUR-583AA5: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. The seal is unclear. One side has something unclear within a circular toothed frame. The other side is illegible.

SUR-6B99A6: CLOTH SEAL
A lead post medieval cloth seal. Side 1: Two initials W [.] either side of a privy mark. Side 2: WB over 14 (scratched)

SUR-6ECEB4: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: A possible phoenix Side 2: R (scratched)

SUR-A1BA03: CLOTH SEAL
A biface lead cloth seal. Side 1: XIXX and a scratched letter W Side 2: A portcullis

A two lobe lead cloth seal. Side 1: A crown over an unidentified motif Side 2: Illegible

SUR-ADDE53: CLOTH SEAL
One lobe from a post medieval lead cloth seal. The surviving portion shows an ornate fleur-de-lys.

SUR-CC5C31: CLOTH SEAL
A lead cloth seal fragment, probably the central portion of a two-lobe seal. The fragment shows a crown over a portcullis. Egan shows similar seals (nos. 180 and 107). No.107 originates from York.

SUR-BAA2D2: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy two-part cloth or bag seal. One side has an unclear device comprising letters W and G or O, linked by an unclear crescent-shaped motif below. The other has incuse stamped letters I and B? Circa 18th or 19th century.

SUR-4D5DA6: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, circa late 17th century. The outer face has a three line legend reading WOR[S] / TED / [R]E[FOR/MED]: the reverse has the number 29, indicating the quantity of yards the piece contained (see Egan, (1987), p173 and BH-1A11D7).

A complete two part post medieval lead cloth or alnage (duty) seal. Both circular addorsed discs survive along with the connecting loop. The outer face of the impressed disc is mostly lost, however a fragment of a crowned portcullis remains. The inscription around it has been lost. The reverse is blank.

SUR-A8762C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete two part post medieval lead alloy cloth seal. On side has a partial monogram or privy mark featuring the letter W.

SUR-DFE410: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal seal. Only one disc out of the original two or four remains; this depicts a crowned Harp with a number 1 to the left indicating the alnage subsidy of 1 penny for the cloth. See SUR-C9B38C etc for more complete examples.

SUR-F2CE70: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead alloy cloth seal. One disc remains and has a PW monogram with the surrounding legend WILIS / * 6 * 8 * all within a beaded border. A stump of the attachment loop remains; the second disc has been lost. Circa 17th or 18th century.

SUR-C28393: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete two part post medieval lead alloy cloth or alnage (duty) seal. One side depicts a crowned portcullis, the other has Roman numerals XXVI.

SUR-8254AC: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth or bag seal stamped on one side with a left-facing bust of Queen Anne (1702-1714) with the legend (A)NNA [REGI]NA within a beaded circular border. The reverse is stamped with an orb over letters, possibly J.H, all within a beaded circular border. Circa early 18th century.

SUR-AD5735: CLOTH SEAL
A crushed lead cloth searcher's seal consisting of a long folded metal strip with a protruding tag on one side, which is stamped with the name JAMES / KERSHAW. The other side of the strip is stamped 173 / [...]30B within two recessed oblongs. Circa 18th-19th century.

SUR-EBDA5E: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth alnage seal. One side is stamped with a Scottish thistle between small letters I and R, within a beaded double border containing a legend COM':W[..]ES[...]. The reverse has the number 31 within a linear border. The thistle and letters IR suggest that this object dates to the reign of James I (1603-1625). This seal relates to the County of Westmorland. For a much better preserved example, see Elton 2017, 136; also BSG.CS.00872 on the Bagseals website (http://www.bagseals.org).

SUR-AD7BED: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal. One side is stamped with a privy mark comprising two letters, [...] and W, flanking a crucifix over interlace, within a beaded border. The reverse is blank. Circa 17th to early 18th century.

SUR-AD8D0B: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a lead alloy cloth or bag alnage seal stamped on one side with a left-facing bust of Queen Anne (1702-1714) and the legend AN:SCO:-F:ET H[IB] within a beaded circular border. The reverse portion of the seal has been lost.

SUR-ADEC76: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a lead alloy cloth alnage seal: one side has a bare headed bust of George 1 facing right, within a beaded border and legend FIDEI - DEFEN (for Fidei Defensor, Defender of the Faith). The other side is blank. First quarter of 18th century.

SUR-13944A: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal depicting St George slaying a dragon, with the alnage subsidy for the cloth of 1 and 1/2 pence indicated around the figure, all within a beaded border. The reverse is blank. Circa early 18th century and probably from the reign of Queen Anne.

SUR-30AE97: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead alloy post medieval cloth (alnage) seal which has been opened out. One disc is stamped with a thistle within a beaded border, another has traces of lettering [...](F)ENG[...] within a beaded border. Other design elements unclear. Circa 18th century.

SUR-30CD25: CLOTH SEAL
A heavily damaged fragment of a lead alloy cloth worker's personal seal with a privy mark comprising a letter H and (possibly) a retrograde G within a double-lobed device (perhaps representing a single-arched crown) which is surmounted by a branched projection of some sort and has a row of pellets below. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-32A3B3: CLOTH SEAL
A damaged lead alloy clothworker's personal seal. One side has the remains of a now illegible privy mark. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-32C03E: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal. One side has the remains of a now almost entirely lost design, possibly featuring a wookpack, with surrounding legend [...]NO[...]DR[...]. Circa 17th-18th century.

SUR-4B5BB3: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy post medieval dyer's seal. One side is stamped with text (T)O(M)/[...]EA[...]/DYE(R). The other is blank with numerals 4734 scratched in. Circa 18th century.

SUR-DFB48D: CLOTH SEAL
A disc from a two or four part lead alloy cloth seal of Post Medieval date. The seal depicts a castle with high gate and flanking towers, beneath which is a letter A, the whole design sitting within a beaded border. The reverse has remains of a loop and rivet to the reverse disc, now lost.

SUR-1D917A: CLOTH SEAL
A bent lead alloy post Medieval cloth seal, 25.2mm in diameter. One side has the letters IC surrounded by a name and partial legend IOHN COR[...]E[...]D[...]ND. The reverse has a scratched letter W and lines.

An incomplete lead alloy alnage (duty) seal dating to 1689-1702. One disc of the four part seal remains and depicts the bust of William III facing right with the inscription OF . ENG. LAND, all within a beaded border.

An incomplete lead alloy clothworker's personal seal comprising two discs. One is stamped with a privy mark comprising initials W and T divided by a central line or stalked device with branching leaves(?) at the top. Circa early 18th century.

SUR-BDC972: CLOTH SEAL
A disc from a four-part lead alloy cloth alnage (duty) seal, depicting a lion, left, with a number 2 above indication the duty paid on the cloth. Circa ealry 18th century.

SUR-CB4DE1: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead alnage (subsidy) cloth seal dating to the late 16th or 17th centuries. One disc remains and depicts the cross of St. George (for England) with the surrounding legend SVBSIDIESE: with a beaded border. See BH-E3CF48 and BH-BBA237 for similar seals.

SUR-91F7C6: CLOTH SEAL
A cast lead cloth seal, probably of 18th or 19th century date. Side 1: TB (incuse) Side 2: Unclear design surviving on central 'plug'.

SUR-F5244D: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy disc from a two part post medieval cloth seal. The remaining portion has a large letter F surrounded by a beaded border with a partial legend on the outside, possibly [...]P : R[...].

SUR-FFC6D4: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth, bag or bale seal.One disc remains and has a monogram in the form of a letter S with an I through the centre. This is contained within a beaded border.

A lead alloy cloth duty (alnage) seal. One disc is stamped with a left-facing bust of Queen Anne (1702-1714) and the legend AN:SCO: F:ET HIB within a beaded circular border. The other disc has a crowned shield with three Plantagenet lions and a small letter c to the right.

SUR-23514B: CLOTH SEAL
A worn and damaged post medieval lead alloy alnage seal comprised of four discs. The designs on the component discs are entirely obscured by wear or bey being enclosed in the folded bundle. One disc may depict a crowned thistle within a beaded border; another possibly a bust, left with mark of value (1) behind and a third possibly depicts a royal cypher [...]R.

A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: WILL KNIPE PACKER Side 2: illegible scratches

SUR-7E7EF6: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: Apparently blank Side 2: Blank

SUR-7E84BD: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: A3 (incuse) and a scratched cross extending to the edges of the disc. Side 2: Blank

SUR-7E8AB5: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: E (incuse) Side 2: Blank

A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: 4 (scratched) Side 2: Blank

A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: IP (incuse) Side 2: [.]M

SUR-7E9B93: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: 4 Side 2: (Missing)

SUR-7EA0A4: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: SE with a possible merchant mark between Side 2: (indistinct punched mark)

SUR-7EA61A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: IC (or possibly IO). Side 2: MN (scratched). Textile impression on inner face.

SUR-7EAB32: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: IH (or similar) Side 2: + / BLR / 31 (scratched)

SUR-7EB002: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval to Modern lead cloth seal. Side 1: [.].I (or similar) Side 2: K[.] (incuse)

SUR-7EB73C: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to c.1700. Side 1: Unicorn rampant facing left, 1/2 to right. Side 2: (missing)

SUR-A873AA: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval four-part lead cloth seal. Side 1: *NORFOLK around 85 Side 2: A crown

SUR-B6C687: CLOTH SEAL
Two discs from a Post Medieval four-part lead cloth seal of late 17th or early 18th century date. The intact disc shows a crown over a rose between the numerals 1 and 2.

SUR-B72BBE: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: IP (with a star above the P), in a circle (Possibly a Reading cloth seal, see SUR-848BAD) Side 2: Blank

SUR-3B9C4D: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval four-part lead cloth seal. 1. A bust of a king facing right, possibly George I. 2. Britannia seated left between 1 and 1/2. 3. Missing. 4. Missing.

One disc from a four-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal. 1. Bust of George I facing right. 2-4. Missing

SUR-3E59A3: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval 2-part lead cloth seal. 1. Illegible 2. 1954 over 12[.]2 over P/R (scratched)

SUR-DD57E4: CLOTH SEAL
Two discs from a four-disc Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Disc 1: A bust of King George I facing right Disc 2: An orb with the letter I to the left

SUR-DD77CA: CLOTH SEAL
Two discs from a four-part Post Medieval lead cloth seal showing the bust of William III. Disc 1: Bust of a William III facing right, OF ENGLAND Disc 2: A crown over a rose between 1 1/2

SUR-DDC0D0: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two-part lead cloth seal. Side 1: PB over C in a pelleted circle Side 2: (plain)

SUR-DDC65A: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. Side 1: Unclear but possibly seriffed capitals Side 2: (an incuse initial)

SUR-DC5CB9: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal with an unclear monogram ([...]M[...]) on one side and two pairs of stamped letters B and M on the reverse. Circa 18th-19th century.

SUR-DC6AF5: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal with an unclear monogram on one side and a stamped letter T on the reverse. Circa 18th-19th century.

SUR-DC7554: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal with an unclear monogram on one side and a stamped characters B and 5 on the reverse. Circa 18th-19th century.

SUR-DC889D: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal with a circle containing three or four letters, including an H and possibly an A on one side and stamped letters G G on the reverse. Circa 18th-19th century.

SUR-DC9509: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal with a circle containing large letters C * B on one side with pellets above. The reverse appears blank. Circa late 17th-18th century.

SUR-DC9F04: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal with a circle containing large letters F S on one side. The reverse appears blank. Circa late 17th-18th century.

SUR-DCAEA3: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal(?) seal with a monogram / privy mark of H W 4 on one side. The reverse has a number scratched into it, possibly 311. Circa late 17th-18th century.

SUR-DCDA2C: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth seal, possibly a regional or county alnage seal, with a crowned and chained portcullis with a letter W to the right, within a beaded border and surrounded by an indecipherable legend (M) . S . IR(C?)[...]. The reverse is blank. Circa late 16th- early 18th century.

SUR-DCF014: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy cloth or bag seal, in the form of a folded setip with lettering MNAI[...] to one side and L*13[...] to the other, both sides have strongly defined linear borders. Circa late 17th-18th century.

SUR-6E095A: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment comprising part of a two-lobe post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal of Portuguese origin. One side has a design featuring an armillary sphere. The reverse has imprint of textile, from a ribbon to tie it in place, or from the goods themselves. This missing half likely carried the arms of Portugal. Circa mid 17th century.

SUR-CE70ED: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal for the Norwich Weaver's Company. Only one disc of the original two remains; this reads NO/RWI/CH. The missing disc would have listed the initials of the wardens of the company for the year of issue. See NMS-A350F1 for a complete example.

An incomplete post medieval lead Dutch cloth seal from the city of Haarlem, dating to the 17th century. The seal is a two-disc type, missing the outer portion of both discs. Disc 1 bears a moulded shield with the city arms: sword erect, four mullets to sides, cross potent in chief. This would probably have originally had a surrounding legend [HAERLEMS GOET] (Goods from Haarlem). Disc 2 has the numerals 19 in the centre referring to the measured length of the piece in Dutch ells.

A post medieval lead alloy two disc cloth or bag seal. One disc depicts a pair of cockerels facing each other with a flower beneath and indecipherable lettering above: p b [...]. The other disc has an incuse stamped letter B.

An fragmentary lead alloy alnage seal, probably dating from the reigns of William III or William III and Mary (1688-1702) comprising two discs, both around 13.5mm in diameter. One features a bare-headed bust, right with legend [...]LAND, the other depicts an Irish harp with the duty value of 2 pence above.

SUR-C9D208: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-medieval two-disc lead alnage cloth-seal probably dating to the period c. AD 1603-1625. The seal consists of two circular discs pressed back to back and connected by a central folded tab between them and by a rivet from one disc pushed through the centre of the other and flattened. The front disc (with the rivet on the back) has a design of a crowned fleur de lis flanked by letters, possibly [I]R for James I. Around this is a an inner pellet border and then a legend, which is now almost entirely lost, but which would likely have named the county or region where the seal was issued. The back is plain apart from the flattened rivet end.

SUR-2D1CCB: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal with a privy mark on one side surrounded by a beaded border. The mark comprises the letters G Z H over a central stalk, with perpendicular arms over a loop at the base and an unclear projection obove, (similar to an upside down anchor). The reverse is blank and there is a stamped pattern of Vs between linear borders on the connecting tab. Circa 16th-18th century.

SUR-2D0AC2: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal with a privy mark on one side surrounded by a beaded border. The mark comprises the letters T H within a heart surmounted by a double-looped device which could be a crown. The lower portion of the heart has an unclear bifurcated projection. The reverse is blank. Circa 16th-18th century.

SUR-2CEB3B: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal with a privy mark on one side comprising the letters XX surmounted by what looks like a Greek capital letter Psi (Ψ). Above this is an impression of the cloth preserved on the seal. Circa 16th-18th century.

SUR-F360DD: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval cloth seal comprised of two discs. One side has faint letters possibly [...]IG, the other has incuse stamped numbers 2468 arranged equidistant around in a circle. From one edge projects a long tapering stump of a broken attachment loop.

SUR-F37AD4: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy post medieval cloth seal comprised of two discs. One side has faint letters possibly part of a privy mark with a letter W. The other has an incuse letter F.

An incomplete two disc post medieval lead alloy cloth seal. Only one complete disc remains and depicts a sheaf of wheat, with letter R to the left and uncertain symbols to the right. The reverse is incomplete and has numerals 30 scratched onto it.

SUR-FCA3E7: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a post medieval lead alloy cloth duty (alnage) seal. The remaining disc has a rose with numerals 3/4 to one side indicating the duty paid.

SUR-D42E37: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two-disc lead alloy post medieval cloth seal. One side has the royal arms of the House of Stewart, the other (with the end of the rivet) has the arms of the City of London (Argent a Cross Gules in the first quarter a Sword in pale point upwards of the last - a cross of St George with a sword pointing upwards in the top left quarter). This is surrounded by an illegible legend, possibly +(LONDIN)[...]. A folded attachment tab is retained on one edge. Circa 17th century.

SUR-D3FA46: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete four disc lead alloy post medieval cloth seal of later 17th century date, possibly an alnage seal from Gloucestershire. Two complete discs remain; one side has lettering which reads [...]/GLOS/TER/[...], with a numeral or unidentifiable object above and annulet or other letters below; the second (reverse) disc is blank. A projecting tab connects to fragments of the other two discs, one of which has an edge for a design, possibly a shield of arms.

A heavily worn or corroded two-part lead alloy post medieval cloth seal, with both plates in the shape of a six-pointed star. One side has a crowned rose, the other the letters HI within a border with illegible legend and possible date. Circa early 17th century.

SUR-54BDF5: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal comprised of two discs. One is stamped with a monogram or privy mark. This comprises a "sign of four", with the horizontal bar terminating in a cross and the lower stem dividing initials [...]S with XX below. The reverse has traces of an impression of a coarse woven cloth.

SUR-89B33C: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead alloy two disc cloth seal. One disc carries the East India Company bale mark; a heart topped by a "sign of four" merchant's mark and divided by saltire with an initial of the United East India Company (VEIC) in each of the four sections. The reverse has scratched lettering or numerals, possibly 204/22.

SUR-ADB25A: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy clothworker's personal seal stamped on one side with a privy mark comprising the letters W I flanking a shaft from an incomplete "sign of four", with numerals XX below. Underneath that is a date, which possibly reads 1728. The whole device is contained within a circular beaded border. The reverse has some characters scratched into it, one of which may represent a letter I. Across the stump of the loop which links both halves of the seal is a partial impression of text within a rectangular border, the only remaining letter of which is the letter D.

An incomplete post medieval lead alloy cloth seal, of later 16th to 17th century date, with two discs. One disc is incomplete and has a portion of a privy mark comprising a "sign of four" flanked by letters R/AI. The other disc is blank aside from a number 38.

An incomplete Post Medieval lead alloy alnage (cloth duty) seal dating to the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714). Only one disc remains which depicts a left-facing bust of Queen Anne with surrounding legend FIDEI DEFEN (for Fidei Defensor, Defender of the Faith).

SUR-F2BA31: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead alloy cloth seal from the German city of Augsburg for linen and cotton fabric known as "Ousbrow or Augusta fustians" (Elton (2017) p296). One disc remains and has an upper case chevron-barred letter A with three small annulets around, all within a beaded border. A stump of the attachment loop is retained on one edge. The rear has the integral rivet, but the second disc has been lost. Circa later 16th to early 17th century.

SUR-37609E: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a lead alloy cloth seal from the German city of Augsburg for linen and cotton fabric known as "Ousbrow or Augusta fustians" (Elton (2017) p296). One side has an upper case chevron-barred letter A with three small annulets around, all within a beaded border. The reverse has a pine cone, the heraldic badge of Augsburg. Circa later 16th to early 17th century.

SUR-D2DEA8: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval two disc lead alloy cloth seal of Taunton in Somerset. The obverse has a letter ‘T’ with a barrel (or ‘tun’) placed across the centre. This is a punning device/rebus which makes a visual reference to the name of the town (‘T-tun’ for Taunton). The inscription reading from 7 o’clock is TA[NTON . SA]RGES giving the name of the town and the type of cloth. The reverse appears to have a castle, church or town gate with legend [...]IO[...] around; this likely the name of the serge-maker (possibly IO[HN...]).

SUR-6C680C: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead alloy post medieval cloth seal. One disc has a complex monogram surrounded by an unclear border. The other side is plain with three stamped characters K D and I.

A complete lead alloy two disc cloth, bale or bag seal of post medieval to early modern date. One disc has letters RRR / T. The reverse has the outline of the fixing rivet joining the discs, but is undecorated.

SUR-FDC816: CLOTH SEAL
A complete two-disc lead alloy cloth seal of post medieval date from the German city of Augsburg for linen and cotton fabric known as "Ousbrow or Augusta fustians" (Elton (2017) p296). One disc depicts a pinecone, the heraldic badge of Augsburg, surrounded by a fine twelve arched tressure with small crosses on the internal cusps. The other side has an upper case chevron-barred letter A with three small annulets around, all within a beaded border. Circa later 16th to early 17th century.

SUR-84FB01: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a post medieval lead alloy cloth duty (alnage) seal comprising one (of originally 2 or 4) discs, which depicts a rose with a 2 beneath, indicating 2d duty paid.

SUR-5E275D: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead alloy alnage seal of the Commonwealth period. One disc remains and depicts a shield with a ridged cross of St George on it surrounded by legend THE.STA.(SVB)SIDIE.SEAL(E) (which can be read as "the state subsidy seal").

SUR-DBF5E8: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy two-disc cloth seal of post medieval date. Both discs have worn and incomplete designs which are poorly struck and difficult to interpret; one appears lozengiform, possibly armorial.

An incomplete post medieval two disc lead alloy cloth seal (alnage or subsidy seal), possibly for the city of Bristol. One side has a crown over a sun, fleur de lys and roses, with text around, possibly [...]BRIS[...]. The reverse disc has an unclear motif, possibly a ship sailing from a port in a castle tower (the arms of Bristol).

SUR-1B8F6A: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy cloth alnage seal comprising two discs; one has a bare headed bust of George 1 facing right, within a beaded border and legend, probably MAG : BRI REX. The other disc has a crown over a rose and thistle with a 1 to the right, indicating a 1 penny duty. First quarter of 18th century.

A lead alloy cloth seal of post medieval date. Only part of one disc remains legible, which displays a portcullis. There is no remaining lettering.

SUR-4069FD: CLOTH SEAL
A lead alloy disc from a four part post medieval alnage seal, probably dating broadly to the reign of William III to George I (c. 1689-1727). The remaining disc has a crowned double (Tudor) rose. There are no visible letters, numbers or other markings.

SUR-68CD4B: CLOTH SEAL
A two part lead cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers Company, circa late 17th century. The outer face has text across four lines reading WOR/STED / REFOR/MED: the reverse is largely unclear but has a numeral 2, part of a number which indicates the quantity of yards the piece contained (see Egan, (1987), p173 and BH-1A11D7).

SOMDOR-11E3E1: CLOTH SEAL
Part of a cast lead cloth seal of probable post-medieval date. The surviving fragment is the first disc from a two disc cloth seal; the second disc and connecting strip are missing. The fragment measures 21.23mm in maximum diameter, 3.87mm in maximum thickness and weighs 5.52g. On the external face of the first disc there is a letter 'A' with an annulet above, below and on each side. On the rivet there is the central part of the full design, a pine cone, which was the heraldic badge of the city of Augsburg, Germany.

SOMDOR-27F9E6: CLOTH SEAL
Two part seal. One half has a large hole through which the stud at the back of the second half would pass. The second half is impressed with the initial FE inside a circle and with a foliate design behind. Cast with stamped design.

SOMDOR-E0FA84: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete lead cloth seal. One disc only remaining.Subcircular disc of lead with a partially separated and raised central disc. This has an impression of a portcullis on it. The other side is undecorated.

SOMDOR-39D173: CLOTH SEAL
Lead, two part seal. Two circular pieces joined by a rectangular strip which is folded. There is detail on the outer faces of both parts, One face has a Fleur-de-lis in a pellett circle. The other face is very worn, but traces of lettering can be seen.

SOMDOR-016821: CLOTH SEAL
Two part lead cloth seal. Side one: A border of pellets. Inside this is a gothic letter legend WERVI with a cinquefoil above and below it. Side two: A five petalled rose. This is slightly obscured by a hole through which a circlar rivet projects from the back of side one. A seal from the Low Countiris town of Wervik.

SOMDOR-5A6624: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete cast lead cloth seal of probable early seventeenth century date. The surviving portion comprises the two inner discs from a four-disc London seal. On one disc is a plain shield with the arms of London surrounded by the legend CIVATATIS LONDON. On the other disc is an ornate shield with the arms of London, surrounded by a wreath with the letter 'F' to one side. A more complete parallel can be seen in volume 3 of the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Medieval Catalogue (2001, pp. 52, 79, fig. 20, no. 20). Other closely similar examples are dated 1627.

SOMDOR1638: CLOTH SEAL
A single piece lead cloth seal with impressions on both sides. Sub-oval disc of lead. There is a circular hole pierced at one side. Incomplete. Side one: TAV[NT]ON SE[RGES – around TO Side two: TOBI SBVRN--- - around [T]O

SOMDOR1761: CLOTH SEAL
Half of a four part alnage seal. One side only has detail. A right facing male bust with legend around: OF E[NG]L[AN]D

SOMDOR1763: CLOTH SEAL
Half of a four part alnage seal. One side only has detail. A right facing male bust with legend around: OF E[NG]L[AN]D Probably issued in the reign of William III (1694 - 1702)

6 illegible two-part cloth seals with rivets. Diameters range from 20mm to 26mm.

Russian lead cloth seal. Two-part seal with Cyrillic inscriptions on both pieces. Dated 1799.

SOM-159864: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead-alloy cloth seal. Complete two part seal consisting of the central plug of lead, circular in section with the discs attached, connected by a tab. The front is stamped over the rivet/plug with a crowned portcullis, surrounded by a legend, now unclear, but in part reading '[...]ROLA (or ROCA)[...]'. The other face is plain. The object measures 21.7mm in diameter and is up to 26.7mm long including the tab. It weighs 8.11g.

SOM-A2B2F7: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead four disc cloth seal comprising of four discs in two conjoined pairs, joined in the centre with a rectangular tab. The seal is bent in the centre at the tab so the pairs of disks are back to back. A projecting circular cross sectioned rivet on the inner side of one outer disk has been pushed through a circluar hole in the other outer disk and was originally stamped flat, joining them. The outer discs are plain. One of the disks next to the tab has a raised, stamped design of an unclear design in a plain line border, possibly a crown. The other disk attached to the other end of the tab has a raised, cast design of letters, probably A over X over CM, conjoined. Both designs are enigmatic. The entire cloth seal measures 25.6 mm long, 15.9 mm wide, 8.4 mm thick and weighs 7.06 g. The design is unclear but may be a privy or merchants mark indicating a cloth seal used by a weaver, dyer or searcher. The use of a privy mark suggests a broad late 16th to 18th century date.

SOM-BB5262: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead-alloy cloth seal. Complete two part seal consisting of two discs joined by a connecting strip and also the integral rivet from one disc which has gone through the hole in the centre of the other disc and, unusually, not stamped flat. On the disc with integral rivet is stamped a crowned ornate six or eight sided shield with the royal arms flanked by five petalled 'tudor' roses and surrounded by a line border. It would have been surrounded by a legend but this has gone off the edge. The other face, with the hole and rivet, is plain. The seal measures 25.3mm in diameter and is up to 30.2mm long including the tab. It weighs 18.99g. The seal is part of the county series in use in the 15th and early 16th century (Egan 1985:1, fig 5b), the other side should also have been stamped but it seems to be an error, a seal that hadn't been used (or an attempt to avid the tax by having a reusuable seal). Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid.

SOM-BAF191: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval two part lead alnage seal. Originally formed of two circular discs joined by a strip of metal (cast as one piece). One disc and its integral central rivet survive. The rivet went through the other piece and was stamped flat. The remainign disc and the stamped part of the rivet both have incomplete inscriptions and designs. Disc: [S'VLLI'PA]O'VI[ALLE'LON] - around a crowned shield bearing the arms of England and flanked by the initials ER for Elizabeth I. This is a much abbreviated version of sigillum ulnagi pannorum venalium Londini which translates as "seal of alnage of saleable cloths of London" Rivet: [LONDINI PRO PANNIS LANICIS] 156(4) - around the arms of London (a triple stranded cross with a sword in the first quarter in an ornate shield. This translates as "for woollen cloths at London". The seal is 23.4mm in diameter, 28.8mm across and 2.9mm thick and weighs 6.86g. Egan (1994:40 and 170, figure 19, no.61) notes several examples of this type of seal from London and elsewhere and the description above is based on his for an example in the British Museum collection. He notes that they are generally dated 1564 and 1573.

SOM-BB1B9B: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead-alloy cloth seal. Complete two part seal consisting of two discs joined by a connecting strip and also the integral rivet from one disc which has gone through the hole in the centre of the other disc and been stamped flat. On the disc with the hole and the rivet are stamped with a crowned portcullis, surrounded by a legend, now unclear. The other face is plain. The object measures 21.7mm in diameter and is up to 28.1mm long including the tab. It weighs 11.92g. The portcullis was "the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century" (Egan 1985, 9). Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid.

SOM-9BB3AD: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1500 to 1800. The surviving part consists of two complete discs conneted by a connecting strip now broken at the end and an integral rivet projecting from the reverse of disc 2. Disc 1 is smaller and stamped with an unclear design, probably a crown over portcullis. Disc 2 is stamped with a crown surmonting an unclear feature, surrounded on one side by a letter, probably a S or a R. The cloth seal measures 16.0 mm in length, 12.6 mm in width, 4.6 mm in thickness and weighs 3.57 g. Cloth seals were in use between the 13th and 19th centuries as a form of quality control (Egan 1989, 1). Although this cloth seal is not clearly legible, disc 2 is similar to an example from Colchester (Egan 1989, no.21 fig 11).

SOM-7BC837: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete Post Medieval lead-alloy Somerset alnage cloth seal. Only part of one of the inner pair of four discs survives with part of the joining tab to one side. The other disc in the inner pair, and the outer pair with their peg and hole for attaching the seal to cloth are missing. The surviving disk is stamped with an unclear central design, probably an S or a 5, encircled by the legend 'SO[ME]RSET' within an outer bead border. The piece is 13.1mm across including the tab by 11.0mm wide and 0.8mm thick, it weighs 0.69 grams. Similar cloth seals bearing county names are known from the post-medieval period, the alnage system was discontinued in 1724. SOM-A7E9F0 and SOM-4AEAFC on this database are broadly similar although with an inner border.

SOM-163447: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1550-1800. The seal is incomplete, with only the integral rivet and an adjoining section of the disc from which it expands surviving. The surviving section of the disc depicts a design of an eagle or perhaps more likely, a griffin, advancing left, right foot in front with each talon terminating in a pellet. Dimensions: length 15.7mm; width 14.4mm; thickness 2.8mm; weight 3.13g. A similar, but not identical Italian seal can be seen at

SOM-166D1D: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, issued during the reign of James I (AD 1603-1625) and dating to AD 1612. An incomplete probable 4-disc alnage seal, with two discs surviving, although now in two parts, broken at a fresh break. Disc 1 is stamped with a crowned thistle between [1]6 - 12, disc 2 is less clear, but appears to be 810 below [...]ET. Dimensions: Disc 1: length 19.6mm; width 16.2mm; thickness 1.3mm; weight 2.20g. Disc 2: length 18.7mm; width 17.5mm; thickness 2.2mm; weight 2.86g. Although no direct parallel has been idenitfied for this seal, the crowned thistle frequently appeared on alnage seals in this period, see for example Egan (1994: 178, no. 141).

SOM-170440: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead 4-disc cloth seal, dating to c. AD 1550-1800. Three of four discs survive. One disc is depicts a shield with an indented side, quartered by a triple stranded cross with a truncated probable sword in one field, the lower two quarters empty. Around this is the legend (pellet) CIVITA(T) [...](I) . The other disc is stamped by the initials AW, with a possible third below. Dimensions: length 29.7mm; width 15.5mm; thickness 2.9mm; weight 5.08g. This seal is most likely a seal of London, with similar seals with triple stranded crosses and swords of St. Paul in the upper left corner illustrated by Egan (1994: 170-172).

SOM-6662B8: CLOTH SEAL
Two inner discs from an incomplete four-part lead cloth seal of Norfolk dating to AD 1685. The discs have a complete connecting strip on one side which is bent in half to place them back to back and the scar from the loss of the connectng strip on the opposite edge which would have led to another two disks joined by a rivet. One disk is marked 85 encircled by a plain line border with *NORFOLKE around, again in a plain linme border. The other side has a crown within a double border, the inner plain line and outer pelleted.The diameter is 10.5mm and the weight is 1.37g. NLM-756513 and SUR-A873AA on this database are the same. This design of seal was produced in several areas in the late 17th century, including locally in Taunton, and was probably for serge cloth.

SOM-7C48C6: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead London Dyer's Cloth seal, dating to AD 1613-1800. A two-disc seal with the connecting strip surviving intact. The first disc is stamped with a cart wheel, with +RICH: GOSSAGE around. The second disc is plain. Dimensions: length 19.7mm; width 15.8mm; thickness 3.5mm; weight 4.92g. Similar seal can be seen on this databse, LON-490183, on Bagseals.org, BSG.CS.00851, as well as in the Museum of London's collections, 81.4/16 and 81.4/15. These seals all feature a stamp on the reverse, and none clearly feature the abreviation of Richard seen here.

SOM-7CE2E5: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, dating to AD 1550-1700. A two-disc seal with the connecting strip surviving intact. Disc 1 is plain but with the number 33 scratched into its surface. Disc 2 is stamped with a privy mark consisting of the intials (F?) E flanking interlace forming three loops which connects to a tun or barrel below, with this having three collars on either side. The mark has a corded border. Dimensions: length 28.3mm; width 21.3mm; thickness 4.8mm; weight 8.12g. No exact parallel has been found for this seal, although it is probably the personal seal of a Clothier, Weaver or Searcher. The use of interlace connecting intials would probably suggest a date in the 16th or 17th centuries cf. Egan (1994), nos. 219, 240. Egan also publishes an example featuring intials flanking a tree over a tun or barrel (no. 249), suggested to be of the same date range.

SOM-7D9D63: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead alnage cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1575-1603. Disc 4 of a 4-disc cloth seal, with the remains of two connecting strips on opposing sides of the disc. The disc has been stamped, although this has been largely obscured by the large aperture created by the rivet. The survivign stamp consists of the letter E to the left of a single arched crown, surmounting a probable shield or portcullis, the upper left corner of which can be seen. The right half of the disc is worn and no R can be seen. The number 13 is scratched in Roman numerals between 5 and 4 o'clock. Dimensions: length: 20.8mm; width 23.4mm; thickness 1.2mm; weight 4.19g. The position of the E to the left of the crown would imply a likely R to the right, although it is no longer visible, suggesting a date within the reign of Elizabeth I (cf. similar example for James I, Egan 1994, no. 125). Although early for a 4-part seal, Egan (1992) does note that they were probably in use by the late 16th century.

SOM-7E1AEE: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1500-1800. A 2-part seal. Disc 1 is incomplete and stamped with a probable monogram ligating a T with one or more letters, probably an O. The stamp on disc 2 is less clear, it consists of a central straight line over which run a series of crescents, with two smaller crescents on each end, opening outwards, and with three pairs of overlapping, larger opposed crescents along its length. Around this is a noew illegible inscription: [...]Y[...]ALME[...]. Dimensions: length: 28.5mm; width 23.2mm; thickness 2.7mm; weight 8.30g. No exact parallel for this object has been found, and the unusual design probably respresents a personal seal. BH-48A932, on this database, appears to have a similar disc 2 stamp.

Part of a lead token, cloth seal or gaming piece. The piece is broadly circular but the irregular and thinning edges sugegst it may have been part of a larger item. On the front is a raised circle containing what appears to be a crowned quadruped, possibly a lion going left, head facing, S-shaped tail above back, lion passant guardant, A small hole by one of the lions legs appears to be a casting flaw. n the back is a second raised circle echoing that on the front, but containing nothing. The piece is 13.3mm in diameter and weighs 1.42 grams. Size-wise it could be the central, squashed rivet form a cloth seal althogh there is no sign of the rest of the disc, unless on the irregular edge. The lion passant guardent as a design element is not uncommon but the raised circles, on the front and back are unusual. A broad Medieval - Post Medieval date is therefore suggested

SOM-CE2E79: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably disc 3 or 4 of a 4-part cloth seal, dating to c. AD 1590-1724. The disc depicts a shield with indented edges containing a double-stranded equal armed cross with the sword of St. Paul in the top left field, with CIVITA[S LONDO]N around the edge. Dimensions: diameter 15.7mm; weight 1.13g. 4-part cloth seals had come into use by the end of the 16th century, with the alnage taxation system abolished in 1724 (Egan 1994, 2001). Similar seals from london can be seen illustrated by Egan (1994: figs. 19-21).

SOM-0BF86D: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1500-1800. A probable 2-part seal, with both discs surviving, although neither is complete. The design on disc-1 is unclear, with that on disc-2 similarly so, although it appears to consist of a line through an oval, potentially a monogram (cf. SOM-7E1AEE). Dimensions: diameter 21.2mm; thickness 3.9mm; weight 6.39g.

SOM-8C6B19: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a probably Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The object consists of a fragment (maybe only 20-30 per cent) of disc 1 of a two- or four-disc seal, with an integral rivet projecting from the reverse. The fragment is irregular in shape, with worn breaks on all sides, which obscures its original dimensions. Disc 1 is stamped with the letters [...](E )N B above and a possible O, a clear C and a possible A beneath. Traces of disc 2's design survive on the rivet, but it is unclear. Length 20.1mm. Width: 13.7mm Thickness 1.6mm. Thickness (including rivet): 6.7.mm; Weight 3.32g. The seal could not be identified from the usual sources but the use of an inscription in horizontal rows and the lettering style suggests it is Post Medieval.

SOM-AAB035: CLOTH SEAL
Modern lead cloth seal issued by Prests of Leeds. The seal has two oval 'discs' linked by a rectangular tab. The projection on one disc has been fitted through a hole in the centre of the other and stamped flat, linking them together. The stamp had the inscription [P]RESTS // LEEDS within a pellet border. It is 40.6mm by 28.5mm by 2.9mm thick, and weighs 11.97 grams. DUR-D7E406 on this database is similar.

SOM-7D5A82: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating from the 17th century. The fragment consists of approximately 25-30 per cent of two discs pressed together. It has worn breaks almost all the way around it's edge. About 10 per cent of the edge is not broken and is part of the original edge of the seal. On one side, in the centre, some numbers have been stamped. probably 10 with the O partly lost. These are surrounded by two concentric circles with a legend in between. The surviving fragment of the legend reads (T)AVN(T). The other side is stamped with a design that features a lens-shape, surrounded by and in contact with a circle, probably one end of a Tun. The remnants of a small part of legend are perceivable outside of the circle, but this is now illegible. The seal measures 12.8mm in length, 10.9mm in width and 2.6mm in thickness. It weighs 1.74g. It seems likely this is a town seal from Taunton with the T over tun rebus on the reverse. Probably relating to the large serge-making industry of the 17th cnetury.

SOM-9F1A10: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete Post Medieval lead-alloy cloth seal for cloth made in Tiverton, Devon. About two thirds of one of the pair of discs survives with its central stud on the back. The stud was pushed through a hole in the other disk and stamped flat. The other disk and the rectangular tab joining the pair is missing. The surviving disk is stamped with an central design of a human foot over a elongated 4 with an F below the toes of the foot an unclear S under the heel all within a circular beaded border. The outer border and legend is mostly missing but the remaining part reads: [...]RIDG[...]. The stub on the other face is stamped with part of an unclear central design, possibly lettering again within a beaded border and with a legend around the edge. The only part of the legend that survives reads TH or EH, the remainder would have been on the missing disk. It is now 22.2mm across by 19.1mm wide and 2.3mm thick including the stub, it weighs 4.35 grams. Paul Cannon comments: I believe this seal relates to the town of Tiverton in Devon. It is one of a series of cloth seals all having the merchant's mark which incorporates a human foot and the letters SF. The mark is a pun on the name Samuel Foote. He was a significant merchant in the town who died in 1691. Several seals are known which include this merchant's mark but also have other names on them namely Robert Burridge (1647-1717), Samuel Burridge (1678-1734), Samuel Foote's grandson, and Benjamin Dickinson. For a brief mention of them see pp 9 & 10. According to this they first came to light in the 1990s in Holland and Germany. For an example of the Benjamin Dickinson seal see http://wf4.nl/Engels/paginaTheo/theolakenloodengels.htm . The seal found in Somerset contains enough surviving inscription to indicate that it relates to Robert or Samuel Burridge.

SOM-650FB5: CLOTH SEAL
Part of a two- or four-part lead cloth seal, Two discs linked by a rivet remain, and connecting tab or other discs are lost to old breaks. One disk had a central hole, the other a projecting tab which was pushed through the hole and stamped flat, fixing the discs together. On the disc with the hole and the tab is stamped a raised design of initials, (probably A).B // S or 8 with branches below all within a pellet circle. Towards one edge it has been over punched with the incuse letters IR. On the reverse are crudely scratched letters or numbers, [...]/ or 72 over [...]/6. There is a hole punched through both discs to one side. It is now 29.0mm by 27.0mm and 3.7mm thick; it weighs 12.3 grams. This is probably part of a cloth seal used by a weaver, dyer or searcher with their own initials and scratched marks indicating something about the batch, length or quality. The hole and over punching may suggest that, unlike normal seals, it was reused, presumably as it was not a legal tax seal but just a private indication of quality control. Seals of similar date with privy or merchants marks are often scratched on the back, on this database see SOM-11B223, SUR-6B99A6 and LIN-448763 for example. They are usually 17th-18th century in date.

SOM-638FCB: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval two disc lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500-1625. The seal is formed of two discs pressed together and linked by a folded rectangular tab. One disc exhibits a design of a crowned portcullis within a beaded border and surrounded by a legend, now illegible. This disc measures 19.21mm in diameter. The other disc is smooth and retains no design. It is 18.0mm in diameter The cloth seal is 3.16mm thick. the seal is 25.9mm long including the tab and weighs 5.56 grams. The portcullis was "the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century" (Egan 1995: 9). Alnage seals indicated the cloth had been checked for quality by a Crown official and that the subsidy (tax) had been paid. Egan (1992, 2) notes that "Seals with poorly rendered versions of the portcullis are thought to be counterfeits, placed on unexamined cloths in order to avoid paying tax." Similar examples on the database include: IOW-6C2988 & SF-6E0501.

SOM-6198F1: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1603 - 1688. The seal is an alnage seal and consists of two circular discs, one of which is pierced. The other disc has a rivet on the back which has been pushed through the aperture in the other disc and flattened. The two discs are joined by a shot connecting strip along one edge. One face carreis the arms of the City of Bristol, depicting s ship issuing from a tower. The other face exhibits the arms of the House of Stuart, flanked by the initials I R, indicating that the seal was probably produced during the reign of James I or II. The cloth seal measures 28.09mm in length, 20.69mm in width, is 4.71mm thick and weighs 9.61g.

SOM-61F241: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead cloth seal dated to the year AD 1612. The seal consists of one circular disc from a four-disc alnage seal. One face exhibits a design of a crown with a rounded base with the date 1612 below. The cloth seal measures 16.39mm in diameter, is 1.55mm thick and weighs 2.01g.

SOM-B9F0D8: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval lead two disc cloth seal, from the Norwich Weavers Company. The seal consists of two discs linked by a tab which is bent in half. A projection on the back of one disc has been pushed through the other and bent flat, holding them together. The front disc has raised lettering reading WOR / [S]TED / [R]EFOR / [ME]D. the back has the length of the cloth in yards, possibly 27 1/[...] indicating twenty seven and a half. The cloth seal measures 23.3mm in diameter, 25.3mm long including the tab, 3.5mm thick in total. It weighs 7.52 grams. A parallel for this cloth seal has been published by Egan (1995, 48) as no 87, and identified as a Worsted reform seal issued by the Norwich Weavers Company. These seals were one of two that were issued by the Norwich Weavers Company to every worsted examined at Norwich from the mid 17th Century until 1705 (when sealing there ceased). One seal would have the surname initials of the twelve wardens of the company and the particular year, and the other (of which this is an example) had WORSTED REFORMED and the length in yards for the piece (Egan, 1995, 46) These Worsted reformed seals are among the most common type of cloth seal found in UK, and abroad, indicating a large national and international market for the worsteds they represent. Examples, both published and unpublished, have been found in London, Sweden, and at colonial sites in the U.S.A (Egan, 1995, 48). Over 40 examples of this type of cloth seal have been recorded on the PAS database, although mainly from the Southern counties.

SOM-5621B7: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1550 - 1800. Probably a 2-part cloth seal, with both discs now incomplete. Disc-1 is plain, with an integral rivet projecting from the reverse, through the perforation of a now fragmentatry disc-2, this disc being stamped with a now incomplete privy or merchant's mark. This consists of a number four, with an elongated longitudinal bar, overlain by an S and probably terminating in an M, althogh the latter is truncated. A transverse bar divides the two initials. Dimensions: length 23.6mm; width 21.3mm; thickness 5.3mm; weight 6.78g. This was probably a cloth seal used by a weaver, dyer or searcher. The use of a privy or merchants mark suggests a broad late 16th to 18th century date. A number of comparable seals are published by Egan (1994: 181-183).

SOM-56570E: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1500 - 1724. A 2-part cloth seal, comprsing of two discs connected by a connecting strip and integral rivet projecting from the reverse of disc-1. with both discs now incomplete. Disc-1 is stamped with an unclear design, with a crown surmounting an unclear feature. Disc-2 is plain. Dimensions: length 25.6mm; width 9.3mm; thickness 7.1mm; weight 10.46g. Crowned shields, portcullises and roses were common motifs stamped onto alnage seals, and this identification seems likely, if not certain. The Alnage taxation system ended in AD 1724 (Egan 1994).

SOM-569C65: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1550-1650. Disc-1 of a two part seal. A circular disc of lead with an integral rivet projecting from the reverse, stamped with a depiction of a swan standing left, with the crude inscription HI(N/A). An integral rivet projects from the reverse with a partial, unlcear stamp. Dimensions: diameter 18.2mm; thickness 2.9mm; weight 2.07g. Egan (1994: 105, no. 307) publishes a similar seal which he identifies as being from Valenciennes, dated to the ?17th century.

SOM-56C0AB: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1500-1800. Disc-1 of a two- or four-part seal. A circular disc of lead with an integral rivet projecting from the reverse; detail of disc-1 unclear and with a small portion of the design of disc-2 surviving on the back of the rivet. Dimensions: diameter 18.8mm; thickness 6.1mm; weight 3.38g.

SOM-56E67D: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead cloth alnage seal, probably dating to c. 1525-1724. Discs-1 and 2 of a two- or four-part deal, comprising of disc-1, which is plain, and from the reverse of which projects an integral rivet, and the fragmentary disc-2, stamped with a depiction of a crowned portcullis within an illegible inscription. Dimensions: Diameter 19.1mm; thickness 4.1mm; wieght 5.19g. Egan (1985: 9) notes that the portcullis was "the main design for alnage seals in the late Tudor period... and continued in use into the early seventeenth century", however the design does appear to have occured on later seals, for example DENO-681C35 and no. 151 published by Egan (ibid: 178) from the reign of Queen Anne. The alnage taxation system ended in 1724 (ibid: 4).

SOM-61B2CC: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Medieval or Post Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c. AD 1400-1714. Disc 1 of a 2- or 4-part seal. The surviving fragment comprises of a flat disc of lead with an integral rivet projecting from the reverse. The front of the disc is stamped with a crowned F flanked by fleur-de-lis, all in low relief. Dimensions: diameter 17.3mm; thickness 7.2mm; weight 2.48g. With so little of the design surviving any specific identification must be slightly tentative, however very similar seals for faulty cloths are published by Egan (1987: nos. 110-111), suggested to date to the end of the Medieval period. Although seals did continue in use in some areas, the end of the alnage taxation system provides a likelyend date for this object.

SF-690B7C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead Post Medieval two-part cloth seal. It is a double disc seal, which is folded along a narrow connecting strip. The seal has been squashed. One disc has a stamped decoration slightly off center of the middle; the decoration consists of a gate comprised of a raised square with nine squares within it. The second disc is undecorated and the rivet can be seen in the centre.

PUBLIC-83DDA5: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead alloy cloth seal. The seal is manufactured from a single piece of lead consisting of two disks linked by a short rectangular tag. In use the disks have been folded back to back sandwiching the material and using the tab as a hinge. An integrally cast prong on the back of one disk passed through a central oval hole in the other and was stamped flat, spreading out over the other disk and holding it in place in the material. One side has a stamped design of a straight topped shield with stars (mullets) arranged 4,3,2,1, above the shield is a folded band with a crescent on it and above this possibly another star. There is a capital A to the top right of the shield and in the bottom left on a different 7 o'clock alignment and over stamping part of the shield are the letters E D with the number 2 underneath. The other side is mostly plain with only a large D with a rough area above it. The disks are 20.6mm diameter and and the whole weighs 6.13g.

PUBLIC-8C9853: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval lead cloth seal, probably of mid 14th to 16th century date The seal is circular and complete (with a diameter of 29.3mm, maximum length of 32.8mm, thickness of 5.0mm and a weight of 13.6g). The seal is constructed with two integral discs connected by a tab and secured using a single rivet. The detail on both faces is corroded and now difficult to distinguish. The obverse face appears to depict a crown (or alternatively, possibly a tower) at the apex and a pellet or rosette to the left. The motif is in a circular cartouche (17mm diameter). Letters are present encircling the motif but are now illegible. The rear is also corroded, there is the suggestion of a crown at the centre, and the letters: ----] S I U R [-- Apart from the letter S, the letters are unclear. A provisional survey of cloth seal catalogues has not identified a good parallel

PUBLIC-4726F3: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead cloth seal, probably of 17th century date The cloth seal is represented by one of the inner discs of a four-part seal (with a length of 39.9mm and a weight of 15.3g). The disc is circular (with a diameter of 37.9mm and a thickness of 1.9mm). The design on the disc depicts an angel facing forward in pleated dress. She is holding a palm branch in the right hand (with extended arm) and possibly an hour-glass in the left hand (with the arm bent at the elbow). The encircling legend around reads: GLORIA IN EXC[ELS]IS. There appears to be a four-petalled flower at the end of the legend. The connecting strip is evident at the base of the disc but not at the apex, although a tear suggests its position. Cloth seals bearing a facing angel are issued from London, where the angel is a symbol of the city's pious optimism for stable and lasting trade (Egan 1994, p 41) . Parallels are published from the British Museum (ibid, nos. 64, 67 - 69).

PUBLIC-57D9A4: CLOTH SEAL
A complete 2-piece alnage seal with connecting strip and rivet at the top (alnage is defined as the official supervision of the shape and quality of manufactured woollen cloth). One side has an ornate shield quartered by a triple-stranded cross with a sword in the first quarter (the arms of London). The inscription is likely to have been DYED IN LONDON as on MOL 81.11/3 (Museum of London). The full inscription is known from other examples including No.61 Fig.19, Geoff Egan , 'Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum', and translates to:- seal of alnage of saleable cloths of London for woollen cloths at London. The other side also has a square topped shield but has an upward pointing chevron with a madderbag (madder = plant that produces a red dye), tied in each corner under the chevron and two above it. This is the Arms of the London Dyer's Company. Possibly c.1575 - 1700 century. The seal measures 22.6mm diameter, 3.9mm thickness and weighs 9.7g. Egan (1995) illustrates two similar Dyer's Company seals, dated from the late 16th to the late 17th century, on page 186, Fig.35, Nos.267-8.

PUBLIC-A6512C: CLOTH SEAL
A worn and corroded lead alnage seal (see G. Egan; 1994) from the reign of Queen Anne. The object consists of two circular lead discs joined at either end by a connecting strip (one of which is broken). The upper disc has the raised design of the head of the queen facing left, all within a pellet border. Decoration on the reverse could have been a unicorn rampant but this detail was not supplied

PUBLIC-94E168: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval cloth seal. The seal is circular in shape with the obverse side being stamped with a privy mark with the letters R ?I. Between the letters is a large stem which terminates at the top in the shape of the number 4. At least two X's are shpwn below the R ?I. Egan (1994:181-2) illustrate similar cloth seals with privy marks of clothiers, weavers, searchers and dyers broadly dating 16th - 17th century. Egan, G. 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

PUBLIC-95671A: CLOTH SEAL
A post-medieval cloth seal with damage. The seal has a lot of damage, so there is no visible decoration. The cloth has a white and grey patina. Due to damage, it is hard to detail the seal fully.

PUBLIC-96BE1A: CLOTH SEAL
A modern manure manufacturers seal of Edward Webb & Sons. Obverse: "WEBB & SONS SALTNEY CHESTER" (AROUND) "MANURE MANFRS" (CENTER) Reverse: "REGISTERED TRADE MARK" (AROUND) A crown is at the top, above "WEBBS" and a horseshoe like shape with lines radiating from the lower side.

PUBLIC-9844E7: CLOTH SEAL
A worn and broken post-medieval lead cloth seal. LENGTH: 15.48mm, WIDTH 11.18mm, HEIGHT 2.93mm WEIGHT 4.09g A faint outline of an image is visible but with not enough context to what it is. Most of the seal has been broken off.

PUBLIC-00C14A: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead alloy two-part cloth seal dating to the 16th or early 17th century, from Augsburg, Germany. Only Disc 1 (with rivet) survives; Disc 2 (with ring to fit round rivet) and the connecting strip are missing. The surviving disc has two faces with stamps, one wide and flat and covered with a well-preserved stamp. The other (the rivet face) has part of a stamp only, on the central bump (the squashed rivet). The flat face depicts a pine cone, with a stem decorated with a wide collar with oblique lines (perhaps imitating a twisted cable) before flaring out to a wide relief-decorated base. The stem and collar may represent a cup in which the pine cone is sitting. Around the edge is a ridged border within an outer border of pellets, although only a little of this survives due to damage. The rivet face bears part of a letter A with a V-shaped bar and flat upper crossbar projecting at either end. Both the pine cone (often in a cup) and letter A refer to the city of Augsburg in Germany. Egan (1994:106) writes: "seals from the fustians (mixed linen-warp and cotton-weft fabrics) of Augsburg, known to contemporaries in this country as 'Ousbrow or Augusta fustians', are among the most common and widespread of all the recorded imports in England, constituting almost one third of the Continental seals found here... The pine-cone on the stamps is the heraldic badge of the city...Sixteenth/early seventeenth century dating seems appropriate for these." Dia 19.95 - 18.27, Thickness 4.39, Weight 5.2g

PUBLIC-D451FB: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The seal comprises two flat discs with an incomplete arm linking them. One side contains the numbers 56; the other has a hexagram. The seal may be a kosher seal.

PUBLIC-D4F959: CLOTH SEAL
A post-Medieval lead-alloy cloth seal. There are two connected circular discs, joined by a folded connecting strip. The surface of one disc has 'WOR / S TED / R EFOR / MED', whereas the other disc has been damaged, although other similar designs had a number on this side.

PUBLIC-D60DFA: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The seal is made of two circular pieces connected together by a folded strap. One side is worn away but the other has a crowned harp, most likely refering to Ireland, with a "1" on the left.

PUBLIC-8D658E: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval four-part lead alloy Alnage cloth seal, dating to the reign of James I (AD 1603 – 1625). The seal consists of four discs connected by rectangular strips. Disc two depicts a crowned lion passant guardant, facing left, within a raised border. Disc three shows a crown within a raised border. Discs one and four are blank, no legible inscription visible. Blank // Crowned lion passant guardant // Crown // Blank Dimensions: Length: 51.48mm; Diameter of disc one: 11.06mm; Diameter of disc two: 11.52mm; Diameter of disc three: 11.86mm; Diameter of disc four: 10.92mm; Thickness: 2.46mm;Weight: 6.1g. A parallel can be found in Elton, Stuart F. (2017) page 154, ref. BSG.CS.00390. Elton writes: “Other examples have been found for Colchester with stamps that date this type of seal to the reign of James I [Egan, G., 1995, No.126, Fig.26].” Reference: Elton, Stuart F. 2017. Cloth Seals an Illustrated Reference Guide to The Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth, page 154; Egan, G. 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum. Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

PUBLIC-8EBF64: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval four-part lead alloy Alnage cloth seal, dated (on seal) AD 1677. The seal consists of two sub-rectangular sections (two and three), and two sub-circular sections, all connected by rectangular strips. Both sub-circular sections (one and four) are blank. Section two depicts a five rayed star surrounded by the inscription EXON . 77. (letter ‘N’ reverse-barred), all within an annulet border. Disc three shows three plumes through a coronet supported by two unicorns, all within a double border (one made of a continuous line and one made of annulets). Blank // five rayed star surrounded by EXON . 77 . within annulet border // three plumes through coronet supported by two unicorns within line and annulet double border // Blank Dimensions: Length: 59.90mm; Width: 13.76mm; Thickness: 1.43mm; Weight: 6.21g. A parallel can be found in Elton, Stuart F. (2017) page 50, ref. BSG.CS.00162. Elton writes: “The date would be 1677 for Charles II… [Egan, G., 1987, p.73 & fig. 15c].” Reference: Elton, Stuart F. 2017. Cloth Seals an Illustrated Reference Guide to The Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth, page 50; Egan, G. 1987. Provenanced Leaden Cloth Seals. University College London (PhD).

PUBLIC-9D7360: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval four-part lead alloy Alnage cloth seal for Essex, dating circa AD 1605 - 1724. The seal consists of four sub-circular sections (discs), all connected by rectangular strips. The rove and the rivet discs are blank. Disc two depicts a crowned fleur-de-lis flanked by the initials ‘RL’, all within a beaded border. Disc three shows a crowned ligate ‘LR’ monogram, ESEXE inscription around, all within a beaded border. Blank // crowned fleur-de-lis flanked by the initials ‘RL’ // crowned ligate ‘LR’ monogram, ESEXE inscription around // Blank Dimensions: Length: 71.85mm; Diameter of disc one: 14.01mm; Diameter of disc two:17.35mm; Diameter of disc three: 16.80mm; Diameter of disc four: 12.63mm; Thickness: 1.29mm; Weight: 9.61g. A seal with similar ligature (although from Exeter) can be found in Egan, G. (1987 page 76, ref. 762). Egan writes: “The ligature indicates that these are seals for one of the Dukes of Lennox and Richmond, who held the contract for the farm of alnage from 1605 to 1724].” Reference: Egan, G. 1987. Provenanced Leaden Cloth Seals.University College London (PhD)

PUBLIC-A17733: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval four-part lead alloy Alnage cloth seal for Suffolk, dating circa AD 1605 - 1724. The seal consists of three sub-circular sections (one lost in antiquity), all connected by rectangular strips. The rove disc is missing, and the rivet discs is blank. Disc two depicts a crown over a cockerel facing right, flanked by two fleurs-de-lis, all within a beaded border. Disc three shows a crowned ligate ‘LR’ monogram, SVFF / OLKE inscription around, all within a beaded border. Blank // crown over two fleurs-de-lis, cockerel below // coronet over LR ligature, SVFF / OLKE around // Missing Dimensions: Length: 52.02mm; Diameter of disc one: 10.89mm; Diameter of disc two:11.99mm; Diameter of disc three: 11.91mm; Diameter of disc four: ? (disk missing); Thickness: 0.91mm; Weight: 4.2g. Referring to a seal with similar ligature (although from Exeter) Egan, G. (1987 page 76, ref. 762) notes: “The ligature indicates that these are seals for one of the Dukes of Lennox and Richmond, who held the contract for the farm of alnage from 1605 to 1724].” The same author, Egan, G. (1987 page 221, ref. 2361) describes (no photo) an incomplete similar seal, but with a lion passant instead of cockerel (although with a question mark): “- // coronet over LR ligature, (SVF)OLKE around // crown over two fleurs de lis, ( ? lion passant below) // -“ He records this seal “without indication of date” and so we can only put it in the broad range of early 17th to early 18th century. Reference: Egan, G. 1987. Provenanced Leaded Cloth Seals. University College London (PhD).

PUBLIC-B159AB: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval four-part lead alloy Alnage cloth seal from the reign of George I (AD 1714 – 1727). The Alnage system ended in AD 1724, three years before the king’s death. The seal consists of four sub-circular sections (discs), all connected by rectangular strips. The rove and the rivet discs are blank. Disc two displays the bust of George I, FIDEI DEFEN around (almost entirely missing due damage), all within a short ray border. Disc three shows Britannia seated with 1 ½ (d. alnage subsidy) to sides, all within a short ray border. Blank // bust of George I facing right, [FIDEI DE]FE[N] around // Britannia seated, 1 ½ to sides // Blank Dimensions: Length: 60mm; Diameter of disc one: 11.23mm; Diameter of disc two:11.28mm; Diameter of disc three: 13.01mm; Diameter of disc four: 11.12mm; Thickness: 1.30mm; Weight: 6.1g. This seal has been published in Elton, Stuart F. (2017 page 173, ref. BSG.CS.00348). Reference: Elton, Stuart F. Cloth Seals an Illustrated Reference Guide to The Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth.

PUBLIC-1E839C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval two-part lead alloy cloth seal from Strasbourg (France), dated (on seal) AD 1626. The seal consists of a flat sub-circular disc and a rectangular connecting strip. The second disc is missing due to old breaks. The front face of the surviving disc carries a heraldic device comprising an ornate shield on a field of scrolling, with a ridged and cross-hatched bend, S ± S above, a baton to each side, 1626 below, all within a laureate border. The back face of the disc is undecorated, but the centre of the integral rivet shows traces of a second shield that is now unidentifiable due to the incompleteness of the seal. Cloth wave imprints (from the fabric it was attached to) are also visible. Dimensions: Length: 42.21mm; Diameter of disc: 36.69mm; Thickness: 3.02mm; Weight: 29.1g. A similar seal can be found in Elton, Stuart F. (2017 page 293, ref. BSG.CS.00001). Elton writes: “A very similar seal [Egan, G., 1995, No.305, Fig.40] is described as having the city arms of Strasbourg and family arms of Gartner. The city was German until 1681 hence the legend. Strasbourg was known to produce tapestry (as well as linen-warp serges, bays and says) for which such a large and elaborate seal would be appropriate. Other Strasbourg seals found in England include examples dated between 1605 and 1715. That date range would include the seal pictured, which could well have arrived in England attached to a tapestry that is possibly still hanging in some nearby Lincoln manor. Another single disc from this type of Strasbourg seal was found at Upper Poppleton, York showing a date of 1719 extending the known range of their import to England by a further four years [BSG.CS.00002].” Reference: Elton, Stuart F. Cloth Seals an Illustrated Reference Guide to The Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth

PUBLIC-202D10: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval two-part lead alloy cloth seal from the city of Leiden, dating circa 16th – late 17th century. The second disc is missing due to old breaks. The front face of the surviving disc carries a crowned shield bearing saltire keys (flower head between the crown and shield), three secondary stamps (described below), all within a foliate / laureate design to sides. Description of the three secondary stamps: Circular, . x . / LEIDN VERWE / . x . inscription. This shows that the cloth was dyed in Leiden. Circular, double-headed eagle. Egan, G. (1995, no. 322, fig. 43) suggests that the double-headed eagle indicates two passes through the dye vat. However, Elton, Stuart F. (2017 page 313, ref. BSG.CS.00666) notes: “…placards dated 1587 and issued by the city in English, French and German, state that one eagle is for light black [Regionaal Archief Leiden]. While the depth of shade is probably controlled mainly by the number of passages through the dye bath, the number of stamps applied would appear to depend on the finished colour of the cloth regardless of how it was achieved.” Rectangular, set of vertical and horizontal lines indicating the weight or length of the cloth. The back face of the disc is undecorated, but the centre of the integral rivet shows a partial stamp of a Belgic lion rampant. Cloth wave imprints (from the fabric it was attached to) are also visible. Dimensions: Diameter of disc: 33.84mm; Thickness: 1.01mm; Weight: 6g. A similar seal can be found in Elton, Stuart F. (2017 page 313, ref. BSG.CS.00666). Reference: Elton, Stuart F. Cloth Seals an Illustrated Reference Guide to The Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth; Egan, G. 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum. Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

PUBLIC-309E09: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval four-part lead alloy Alnage cloth seal, dated (on seal) AD 1620 (retrograde). Dotted pentagram in dot & link circular border, [SEARC]HED around and flanked by dotted pentagram // stylised K with 1620 (retrograde) above // arms of Stuart Britain, LEN O X around // VII / VIII Dimensions: Length: 52.46mm; Diameter of disc one: 13.23mm; Diameter of disc two: 13.50mm; Diameter of disc three: 13.45mm; Diameter of disc four: 10.65mm; Thickness: 1.01mm; Weight: 6g. No parallels can be found for this seal. After contacting Stuart Elton, the seal was recorded on his database at bagseals.org, ref. BSG.CS.01565. He notes: “An opened four-disc anlage seal dated 1620 showing the common engraver's mirror-image mistake. Although only Lenox is written on the seal and there is no trace of the more usual LR ligature this seal is still considered to be issued under the Dukes and Duchesses of Lennox and Richmond as they held the major alnage patent rights for England and Wales from 1605 until the system finished in 1724. The rivet disc bears a searchers mark that highlights a dotted pentagram that can also be found on BSG.CS.01406 and other State Subsidy seals. The rove disc & rivet stub probably show the length and weight of the measured cloth in Roman numerals” Reference: Stuart Elton, www.bagseals.org database, ref. BSG.CS.01406.

PUBLIC-D86E1A: CLOTH SEAL
A post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal, possibly a regional or county alnage seal, with a chained portcullis, possibly surmounted by the number four. The reverse is blank. Circa late 16th to early 18th century. Length: 18.1mm. Height: 15.6mm. Thickness: 2.9mm. Weight: 5.01g.

PUBLIC-966E9B: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post Medieval lead alloy alnage seal depicting St George slaying a dragon, with the alnage subsidy for the cloth of 1 and 1/2 pence indicated around the figure, all within a beaded border. The stub of the connecting strip obscures part of the obverse face. The reverse is blank. Circa early 18th century and probably from the reign of Queen Anne. Diameter: 15.4 mm. Thickness: 0.7mm. (excluding connecting strip). Weight: 1.33g.

PUBLIC-6D6007: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-medieval lead-alloy cloth seal, dating to AD1620 (date on seal). This is the remains a four-part Lozenge segmented seal, consisting of two lozenge-shaped discs joined with a thin connecting strip. The inner-disc is stamped with COM / KENT / 1620 and has a thin connecting strip projecting from the lower corner, ending in a break. The reverse is blank. The outer disk is blank, but has a flatted, circular rivet on the reverse. The strip connecting the two discs is bent, so that the reverse side of the upper-disc is facing forward and turned at an approx. 90 degree angle to the left. Elton (2017:89) shows a similar, complete example of this seal. Egan (1987:141) also describes several examples of this seal. Dimensions: length: 26.70mm; width: 16.19mm: weight: 6.26g References: Egan G. 1987. Provenanced Leaden Cloth Seals, Department of Medieval Archaeology, University College, University of London. Elton S.F. 2017. Cloth Seals: An Illustrated Reference Guide to Identification of Lead Seals Attached To Cloth, Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.

PUBLIC-B979DC: CLOTH SEAL
A four disc and double rivet lead cloth seal from the 17th Century AD. One disc is stamped with a capital "H" in its centre, within a circle. Around the outside of the circle is the date 1669, and the word "CLOTH". The other inner disc has the stamped impression of a shield, bearing the Insignia of Charles II. Of the two outer discs one is perforated and the other has a double rivet (used like a split pin) on its underside. When the connecting strip was folded in half the rivets were inserted through the perforation and bent outwards to securely fasten the two ends together. In its fastened shape, the seal measures 31.5mm in length. It is in fair condition. Dimensions: Length 31.5mm, width 13.4mm, thickness 5.2mm (seal folded double) and weight 9.3gm. Diameter of each of the two stamped discs is 12.9mm.

PUBLIC-067A97: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal probably dating from AD 1550-1650. This cloth worker's personal seal is formed of two discs. One disc is solid, and one was formed with an integral hole for the rivet to be placed when fastening the seal to the cloth. The two part seal has a connecting strip and integral rivet on one of the discs. The rivet is visible on the reverse of the disc. Over time, the cloth seal rivet became dislodged, and the two discs came apart. Subsequently, the finder opened and flattened the cloth seal. A stag’s head has been stamped on the obverse surface of the disc. The stag is front facing with projecting antlers, eyes, ears and nose. The cloth worker’s initials ‘W L’ are shown on either side of the stag’s head. The reverse of the seal is blank with no decoration or markings. Dimensions: length: 60mm, disc diameter: 21.5mm; weight: 8.04g

PUBLIC-075339: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal dating to 1603-1609. Both sides of the seal are decorated. On the obverse, a running stag is depicted. The stag is facing left and is illustrated with large antlers, head, torso, legs and tail. The fur on the torso is depicted with a series of fine, parallel lines. Between the hind legs, the stag’s genitals are visible. The date ‘160…’ is partially visible on the right hand side of the stag’s antlers. A shield bearing the Stuart coat of arms has been stamped into the reverse of the seal. In the bottom right quadrant of the coat of arms, the three lions and fleur-de-lis are shown in the wrong order. On the left hand side of the harp, a small hole is visible along the edge of the seal. The attachment loop was fixed to the seal in this location. According to Stuart Elton (author of Cloth Seals: An Illustrated Reference Guide to Identification of Lead Seals Attached To Cloth), “It suggests that this type of seal was attached to the cloth by a tie through the loop. Possibly for ease of attachment to wrapped bales.” Dimensions: diameter: 30.5mm; weight: 13.74g

PUBLIC-12BF51: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval lead cloth seal. The cloth seal consists of the remains of two circular discs joined together by a connecting strip and a rivet that was pushed through the hole in one disc from the other disc and stamped flat. The connecting strip is broken at the far end from the discs. One disc has a raised initial B In the centre. The seal has a white patina. Weight: 5.63 g, diameter : 15.5mm, thickness: 3.5mm, connecting strip length: 8.3mm

PUBLIC-A6EBF2: CLOTH SEAL
One half of a lead cloth seal. Sub circular and stamped off centre, one side depicts a hanging sheep akin to the motif found on the Order of the Golden Fleece. A circle of very small pellets surrounds the hanging sheep. Outside the circle there is an inscription which is partially visible. *1?* [ ]RER*YB[ ] The other side of the seal is flat where it has been pressed against the other half of the seal. The colour is pale grey/brown. Width 25 mm, height 19 mm. If complete the diameter of the seal would have been 24 mm.

PUBLIC-D86E58: CLOTH SEAL
A complete Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The seal has been made from one piece of lead with two circular plates (Similar to the number "8") which has been folded in half. On one side in three lines above one another, are the letters CA [...] 1664. Below this is a circle with a five pointed star on each side. On the other side is a quarterly shield, with a Bend and a smaller shield in center Similar to: PUBLIC-3F79A1 (CLOTH SEAL), that believes the word CARSAY originates from a Suffolk village KERSEY, famous for woolen cloth making

PUBLIC-D87C57: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead cloth seal. The seal is circular with "10. // WI" in centre. The joining strip is on the reverse.

PUBLIC-D67FEE: CLOTH SEAL
A complete lead-alloy bag seal of Post-Medieval date, c.AD 1750 - 1900. The seal is roughly tear drop shaped with a rectangular cross section. The front is decorated with a stamped design of the crowned Dutch shield bearing the rampant lion of Holland framed within a border of raised pellets. The reverse is stamped with "R&A" which stands for Regten en Accynsen (Customs and Excise) over the control number "[4]45". The seal is 16.80mm long, 12.87mm wide, 4.41mm thick and weighs 8.6g.

PUBLIC-C934B8: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead cloth seal dating to the Post Medieval period (c. AD 1550 - 1650). The seal is circular in plan with a jagged edge suggestive of where an attachment has broken off. The remains of a stud can be seen on the back of the seal. The face of the seal depicts a raised design of a stylised pinecone on an anchor or a tree, with the pinecone made up of a series of raised dots. On either side of the central design are five raised dots in a cluster to the left and seven raised dots in a custer to the right. The remains of a bead and line border can be seen on the outer edge below the anchor. Discussion: A similar pinecone motif can be seen on record number IOW-A34685 where Basford (2016) suggests the design represents the heraldic badge of the city of Augsburg, Germany. He discusses that the pinecone is associated with the cloth trade owing to its sometime interpretation as a teasel. Basford goes on to suggest that the history of the arms of Augsburg have also resembled the tree of life before 1260 and a bunch of grapes until the 15th centry when the grapes were replaced by a cone. The motif on this cloth seal could easily resemble all three. The overall dimensions are as follows: 17.59mm in diameter, 3.06mm in thickness and 5g im weight. Basford, F (2016) IOW-A34685: A POST MEDIEVAL CLOTH SEAL Web page available at:https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/784059 [Accessed: May 5, 2017 4:01:17 PM]

PUBLIC-DC9AF2: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval complete, opened, lead alloy two-disc Colchester cloth seal from the English community dating AD1618. One of the discs has been stamped with the arms of Colchester: a cross (cross raguly) with a larger coronet at the bottom and two smaller coronets above the arms of the cross within an ornate shield; there is "16" to the left of the shield, and "18" to the right of the shield. On the other disc there is the inscription "[E]NG/[LISH][*COL]*/CH[ESTE]R/SAYE/1618". Dimensions: length: 60.17; diameter: 24.40mm; weight: 8.50g; thickness: 3.30mm Egan (1994: 29) writes "Dutch immigrant community seals. The Dutch, who came as religious refugees to Colchester in 1565 and 1570, were among the most successful manufacturers of the new draperies in England in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The high quality of their bays and says, maintained by stringent and rigorously observed searching procedures, led rival textile producers to counterfeit their community's special seals in the seventeenth century, in order to take advantage of their products' reputation. The immigrants' seals include the word 'Dutch' in the legend, in a variety of spellings. The date 1571 on many of the stamps appears to refer to the year in which their manufacture was established on a formal footing (though no record of this has been traced). The same date was used on seals right up to 1728, when the Dutch weavers ceased to exist as a separate organisation." Reference: Egan, G. 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British Museum. Occasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London; Elton, Stuart F. 2017. Cloth Seals an Illustrated Reference Guide to The Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth, page 81.

Post-medieval two-disk cloth seal. One disk is a flat, circular surface. There doesn't appear to be any sort of design however it's unclear if this is due to wear. On the reverse is the remains of another face, presumably a second disk, joined in the centre to the other. The remains of a rampant lion can be seen (its lower body, hind legs and tail). Cloth seals were attached to the cloth as a means of identification and quality control by crown officials who assessed cloth the goods to ensure they were of appropriate quality for trade.

PUBLIC-DBE293: CLOTH SEAL
A four disc, lead alloy cloth seal, dating from the early post-Medieval period, about 1662-5 It consists of four thin discs connected in sequence by narrow, thin strips.The disc at one end of the row has a circular perforation and that at the opposite end an integral spike. The strip of metal between the two central discs is then folded over so that the spike on one end passes through the perforation at the other. The two central discs are then impressed with a design. On the perforation side there is a faded image of a shield with a horizontal stripe and possibly two birds. On the other, it has a faded date of 166 and either 5 or 2 as the last figure of the date, on the bottom disc it has vertical lines.

A modern lead cloth seal. The cloth seal is circular in shape with broken edges at the top and bottom, likely when the bag was opened. "Cloth 1[6]72 * " is written across the legend with a Capital letter "H" in center with a circle around. There are marks of blackened corrosion on the surface of the seal. Possible Similarities to - DUR-D370E0 (CLOTH SEAL) and NMS-E772E5 (CLOTH SEAL) due to similar dates and legends.

PUBLIC-E4669B: CLOTH SEAL
A post medieval cloth seal. The seal has the letter A on the circular disk. There is no decoration apart from the letter and is cream in colour. The letter A is in a bold and shaped font.

PUBLIC-9FB7B6: CLOTH SEAL
A 18th century cloth seal. The seal has decoration of a crown with griffin above the crown. It has numerous of dots which circurlate around the edge of the seal. It is a circular disc with a cream patina.

PUBLIC-FFEBB3: CLOTH SEAL
Post-Medieval Lead cloth seal. The object is formed from two lead ovals that are pressed together, with a gap for a cloth tongue between them. Circular on both sides with only one side having a design in which looks like a thereon.

PUBLIC-27050A: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete (one half of a two part) post medieval lead alloy cloth seal. The front face depicts a raised pine cone design and the reverse face has a circular rivet with a raised letter Y. The missing half probably bore the letter A on it, for Augsburg, Germany. Augsburg was known for its production of ‘fustian’, a mixed linen-warp/cotton-weft fabric, which could be made with a silky finish and used as a substitute for velvet. Similar objects can be found in records: DOR-992868, DEV-2076D0 Weight: 5.53gms. Length: 19.52mm. Width: 17.66mm. Thickness: 4.02mm.

PUBLIC-AF3186: CLOTH SEAL
A used lead cloth seal with merchants initials dated 1666 A two part cloth seal made of lead, with the merchant's conjoined serifed initials S I or I S, and the date 1666 surrounding them, with one numeral in each quarter of the design, the whole surrounded by a circle formed of jagged dots joined together. There are traces of parallel lines on the other half of the seal. The half of the cloth seal with the design measures 20 x 23 mm.

PUBLIC-32BB28: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post medieval lead alloy cloth seal from the German city of Augsburg for linen and cotton fabric known as "Ousbrow or Augusta fustians" (Elton (2017) p296). One side has a stylistic, lower case letter ‘a’ within a beaded border. The reverse has a pine cone, the heraldic badge of Augsburg. Circa 16th to early 17th century.

PUBLIC-B11B05: CLOTH SEAL
Lead alloy fragment from a Post Medieval cloth seal. The fragment is sub-discoidal (as flattened by the alnage seal matrix) with a short flat tab projecting to one side. The seal depicts a crenelated castle wall with an arched entrance gateway; above the wall part of an arcing beaded border can be seen. Cloth seals depicting images of castles are commonplace in Norfolk, as a lion surmounted by a castle is the arms of Norwich. No lion is evident on this partial impression and insufficient survives to be definitive, especially since many other non-Norwich seals depicting castles are also relatively commonplace. Circa AD 1550-1750. Metrics - Length 16mm, width 13mm, thickness 3mm, weight 1.98

PAS-09A271: CLOTH SEAL
Lead two-part cloth seal. One disk depicts a thistle within a lozenge. The other has COM SV[...}OL within a lozenge. Both disks are blank on their reverse. The diameter of each disk is c. 13.37mm.

PAS-09D072: CLOTH SEAL
Lead three-part cloth seal, perhaps from the low countries. Disk 1 depicts a lion rampant. Disk 2 is almost illegible apart from the letter R. Disk 3 has some motif, which is almost illegible. The diameter of each disk is c. 15.64mm.

PAS-0A7353: CLOTH SEAL
One disk of a lead cloth seal, with large hole in centre. There are remains of an inscription, which cannot be deciphered.

PAS-04E2C8: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete post-medieval lead-alloy cloth seal of early 18th-century date. A disc survives, slightly damaged, from what was probably a four-disc seal from the series featuring a monarch's head. As Egan (1994, 60) states, the relief designs on these alnage seals are characterised by fine detail resulting from well-engraved dies. The disc bears a female bust facing left, that of Queen Anne (AD 1702-1714). The bust is surrounded by a border of short raised transverse lines and the legend ANNA REGINA. There is evidence for a loop at one point at right angles to the bust. The cloth seal has been bent as a result of old damage. Contemporary cloth seals can be found in Egan 1994 (65; nos. 146-148). It measures 16.9mm by 15.3mm by 0.9mm thick and weighs 1.49g.

OXON-E91B37: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy two-piece cloth or bale seal dating to the post-medieval period. The seal retains one half of its whole, the surviving half having lettering on one side and the remains of the opposing seal tab on the other. The lettering is hard to decipher but appears to read ' [...]L / REDOR / MEr' over three lines.

OXON-5F79FD: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy seal cloth dating to the early 18th century within the reign of King George I (AD 1714-1727). Only one side of one disc survives. The front of this disc depicts the bust of King George I facing right. This is partly surrounded by a milled border although much of this is lost to breaks around the circumference. These breaks prevent the identification of any inscription if present. The reverse of the disc is flat and plain. The disc is an off white colour. the cloth seal fragment is 14.8mm long, 12.2mm wide, 1.8mm thick and weighs 1.09 grams. This is one fragment from a cloth seal. The bust of King George I is particularly distinctive (Elton 2017: 69). This can be seen on many other cloth seals on the PAS database including BH-9B7C00, SUR-ADEC76 and WILT-500992 and in illustrations published by Elton (2017: 172-175) .

OXON-EF489C: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the late 17th century within the reign of King William III (AD 1689-1702). The cloth seal would have been a four part cloth seal made of four discs connected by linear tabs with a rivet projecting from one outside disc and a hole in another allowing these to be joined together. Now only the inner two discs survive which have been folded against one another. Two break can be seen for the extension tabs to the outer discs. One disc depicts the bust of King William III surrounded by a beaded border with the inscription OF ENG-LAND while the other depicts a crowned rose between the numbers 1 and 2 indicating the alnage subsidy for the cloth of 1 1/2 pence. The cloth seal is a light grey colour. The cloth seal fragment is 20.3mm long, 14.1mm wide (representing the diameter of each disc), 2.8mm thick when folded and weighs 2.85 grams. Identical busts to this example are depicted by Elton (2018: 164-5) who identifies these types as cloth seals of William III. Similar examples on the database include SUR-F22E64 and BH-88CF06.

OXON-EF8238: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the 17th or 18th century. Only one side of one disc survives. On one side is the image of a Charles II type bust facing right, with the words "[OF] ENG - LAND" around the outside. This is contained within a beaded circle.The reverse of the disc is flat and plain. The disc is an grey white colour. the cloth seal fragment is 14.9mm long, 13.5mm wide, 1.2mm thick and weighs 1.13 grams. Cloth seals with similar busts have been published by Egan (1995: 62-63, 178).This is one fragment from a cloth seal. The design is a Charles II (AD 1660 1685) type bust. However later cloth seals of William and Mary on this database also include this design (e.g. BH-F0EBC6). In fact this bust has been used for Charles II, James II and William III (Elton 2018: 163) such that an early 18th century date cannot be excluded.

OXON-EFB523: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the 17th or 18th century. Only one side of one disc survives. On one side is the image of a Charles II type bust facing right, with the words "[OF] ENG - LAND" around the outside. This is contained within a beaded circle.The reverse of the disc is flat and plain. The disc is a grey white colour. the cloth seal fragment is 13.9mm long, 13.5mm wide, 1.2mm thick and weighs 0.83 grams. Cloth seals with similar busts have been published by Egan (1995: 62-63, 178).This is one fragment from a cloth seal. The design is a Charles II (AD 1660 1685) type bust. However later cloth seals of William and Mary on this database also include this design (e.g. BH-F0EBC6). In fact this bust has been used for Charles II, James II and William III (Elton 2018: 163) such that an early 18th century date cannot be excluded. Similar examples on the database include SUR-F22E64, OXON-EF489C and BH-88CF06.

OXON-DB3879: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the late 17th century within the reign of King William III (AD 1689-1702). The cloth seal would have been a four part cloth seal made of four discs connected by linear tabs with a rivet projecting from one outside disc and a hole in another allowing these to be joined together. Now only the inner two discs survive which have been folded against one another. Two break can be seen for the extension tabs to the outer discs. One disc depicts the bust of King William III surrounded by a beaded border with the inscription OF ENG-LAND while the other depicts a rose with a I above (indicating a duty of one penny) within a beaded border. The cloth seal is a grey brown colour. The cloth seal fragment is 19.3mm long, 14.3mm wide (representing the diameter of each disc), c.3.5mm thick when folded and weighs 3.10 grams. Identical busts to this example are depicted by Elton (2018: 164-5) who identifies these types as cloth seals of William III. A near identical example on the database is SUR-F22E64.

OXON-F68BAB: CLOTH SEAL
The front face of an incomplete lead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date. The alnage seal would have originally comprised four sub-circular discs and a folded connecting strip. Now only one of these circular discs survives with a small projecting tab extending from one edge, The outer surface depicts a square topped shield bearing a triple stranded cross dividing it into four quadrants. This is worn and bent such that it is not possible to determine if any device is placed in the right quadrants although the left ones appear to be blank. This is surrounded by an inscription the outer left letters which read SE. The outer right letters read AS.The reverse is flat and plain. The cloth seal is an off white colour. The cloth seal is 16mm in diameter. Similar cloth seals are recorded by Egan(1994 Figure 20, no. 65). Geoff Egan notes that alnage seals like this one were used to mark woollen cloth that had been inspected or "searched" by an officer of the crown (an alnager) and have met the relevant requirements in terms of quality, legal stipulations for dimensions etc. and that the tax (subsidy) had been paid. This was necessary before the cloth could legally be sold (ibid, p. 2). A similar design, albeit with a different inscription, is also illustrated by Elton (2017: 91) datng to AD.1649-59.

OXON-704BAC: CLOTH SEAL
A fragment of a Post-Medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700 The surviving part consists of two incomplete discs with an integral rivet extending from the reverse of one, threading through a circular hole on the second and then being stamped flat over to hold them together. The connecting strip for these seals is missing as is the the a large portion of disc 2. Disc 1, the un-pierced disc is circular in plan. Its outside surface is plain and undecorated. Disc 2 is may have been circular in plan however, all that now survives is an oval section that was squashed flat together with the rivet. The surviving outer surface, which is mostly represented by the rivet, may have been decorated but too little detail can now be identified. The cloth seal is an off white colour The cloth seal is 18.8mm in diameter, 4.3mm thick and weighs 5.45 grams. Cloth Seals are typically used between the 16th and 18th century. This was probably a cloth seal used by a clothier, weaver, dyer or searcher.

OXON-007BAA: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead food label. The object has a circular main disc. A small rectangular tab extend from this disc before ending in an abraded break. On one side of the disc are the remains of a flattened rivet. On the opposite surface is the raised Hebrew letter looking like an N. The cloth seal is an off white colour. The object is 15.8mm in diameter, 19.8mm long including the tab, 4.4mm thick and weighs 4.58 grams. A similar example has been found near maidstone in Kent Kosher Food Lead Seal, Plumba (bagseals.org) and a further example is discussed by Egan (1994: Fig.47, No.356). Furthe exampels are held by the British Museum e.g. 1987,0607.7 dating to the 17th to 18th century.

OXON-3D6698: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead alloy cloth alnage seal dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702). This is possibly an incomplete two part cloth seal. Now only one disc remains, made of two squashed together discs which are sub-circular in plan. One outer surface has the raised design RWR (the first R is retrograde) ligated and, surmounted by a crown. The opposite outer surface is flat and plain. The surface of the seal has an off white colour. It measures 15.1mm long, 13.7mm wide and weighs 3 grams. Elton (2017) illustrates a similar cloth seal No. BSG.CS.0025419-231 dating to the reign of William III and there are several similar examples on the database including SUR-A6E9F5, WAW-72EED5 and PUBLIC-05CAF5

OXON-23FC01: CLOTH SEAL
A Post-Medieval lead alloy cloth seal of the English seed merchants or seedsmen Webb and Sons seed merchants dating to c.AD 1890-1930. The obverse depicts an oval shaped ribbon with the words GRASS - [...] - AND - [...] within it. There are two concentric circular borders at its top and bottom. The concentric borders contain zigzagged line with the lower border having a lis in the centre. Across the top design is the banner reading WEBBS'. This design is topped by a crown. Around the outside is the inscription REGISTERED TRAD[E MA]RK. The reverse has the inscription WEBB & SONS WORDSLEY S[TOURBRIDGE] and in the centre reads THE/ QUEEN'S / SEEDSMAN The seal matrix is a cream colour. The seal is 25mm in diamater and weighs 13.04 grams Edward Webb and Sons were English seed merchants or seedsmen, dating to c.AD 1850 when Edward Webb started a business in Wordsley, near Stourbridge. By the 1890s Webb and Sons had been appointed seedsmen to Queen Victoria.

OXON-9453D8: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post Medieval lead alloy cloth alnage seal probably dating from the reign of William III (1688-1702). This is part of either a two part or four part cloth seal. Now only one disc remains mostly intact although traces of the second are visible on the reverse where they have been squashed together at the point of the rivet. The larger disc is broadly circular with the beginings of a rectangular tab extending from one side. It has the worn raised inscription 17 1/2 placed over 33. The disc is dished with a convex outer surface and concave inner surface. The second disc only survives to the same extent as the rivet's diamater on its outer surface is the raised design [R]WR (the first R is retrograde) ligated and, surmounted by a crown. The cloth seal has an off white cream colour. The seal is 25.9mm in diamater, 4.5mm thick and weighs 9.02 grams. Elton (2017) illustrates a similar cloth seal No. BSG.CS.0025419-231 dating to the reign of William III and there are several similar examples on the database including SUR-A6E9F5, WAW-72EED5 and PUBLIC-05CAF5

OXON-94732B: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete and broken four part lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the late 17th century within the reign of King William III (AD 1689-1702). The cloth seal would have been a four part cloth seal made of four discs connected by linear tabs with a rivet projecting from one outside disc and a hole in another allowing these to be joined together. Now only the inner two discs survive. Each is circular and both have traces of the folded strip that connected them plus traces of a second strip extending from their opposite sides which would have connected to the two further discs. They have been seperated from one another by a transverse break along the connecting strip. One disc is too worn to identify its design while the second appears to show the worn design of a crowned rose between the numbers 1 and 2 indicating the alnage subsidy for the cloth of 1 1/2 pence. The cloth seal is a dark grey colour on its exterior surfaces and a light grey on its interior surfaces.. If reconstructed the cloth seal fragment is 26.0mm long, 16.6mm wide (representing the diameter of each disc), 2.6mm thick when folded and weighs 5.40 grams. Identical busts to this example are depicted by Elton (2018: 164-5) who identifies these types as cloth seals of William III. Similar examples on the database include OXON-EF489C, SUR-F22E64 and BH-88CF06.

OXON-D3E327: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead alloy Cloth Seal of late Medieval or Post Medieval (AD 1450 - 1700). The object is a two piece disc seal, the discs joined by a tab forming a loop and crimped together. The tab is now broken. One disc is plain. The other is stamped with a now indistinct design.

OXON-A4A86A: CLOTH SEAL
A lead two disc cloth seal of post medieval date. Only one disc survives intact the squased and flattened rivet surviving on its reverse. The portcullis design is relatively plain and lacking a crown. The cloth seal is an off white colour and 12.5mm in diamater, weighing 2.58 grams. Cloth seals were used to mark cloth for commerical sale in the medieval and post medieval periods. One face is plain and the other has a crowned port cullis within a border circle. There is a border inscription, which is now unclear.

OXON-5407EC: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the 17th or 18th century. Only one side of one disc survives. On one side is the image of a Charles II type bust facing right, with the words "[OF] ENG - LAND" around the outside. This is contained within a beaded circle.The reverse of the disc is flat and plain. The disc is a grey white colour. The cloth seal fragment is 19.4mm long, 17.3mm wide, 1mm thick and weighs 2.07 grams. Cloth seals with similar busts have been published by Egan (1995: 62-63, 178).This is one fragment from a cloth seal. The design is a Charles II (AD 1660 1685) type bust. However later cloth seals of William and Mary on this database also include this design (e.g. BH-F0EBC6). In fact this bust has been used for Charles II, James II and William III (Elton 2018: 163) such that an early 18th century date cannot be excluded. Similar examples on the database include SUR-F22E64, OXON-EF489C and BH-88CF06.

OXON-9253A2: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval (1708-1858 AD) cloth seal: This is a two-part cloth seal comprising two circular discs. Disc one is decorated with an inscribed pair of triangles which are tip to tip forming an hourglass style motif. The is off centre. Disc two has the privy mark of the United East India Company with a central V and an E to the left, and traces of a I to the right. There is lettering above the privy mark, but it is illegible. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream coloured surface. It measures 31.37mm long, 25.04mm wide and 5.29mm thick. It weighs 11.97g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries as a form of quality control, although lead seals were used into the 19th century by the Army and the East India Company, as well as by individual mill owners and colthiers using the seals as labels. Elton(2017) illustrates a similar cloth seal No. BSG.CS.00285 dating to 1708-1858. Elton, S.F. 2017, Cloth Seals: An Illustrated Reference Guide to the Identification of Lead Seals Attached to Cloth Archaeopress: Oxford.

OXON-92B31A: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval (1500-1700 AD) cloth seal: an incomplete lead alloy cloth seal probably dating to the Post Medieval period, circa 1500-1700. The seal comprises of a single circular disc, the other is missing. One face has a P with the obliquely angle leg of an R joined so it depicts a PR or RP ligatured. The motif has 4 equi-distant pellets all of which are within a circular pelleted border. The surfaces of the seal are worn with a fairly even cream coloured patina. The cloth seal is in poor condition as a result of damage probably caused by movement in the plough soil. The seal measures 20.69mm in length, 20.87mm in width, Thickness 2.99mm. Weight: 3.76g. Egan (1995) illustrates a number of cloth seals with various legends and motifs. He suggests from the late 16th century following to the 17th century, two disc seals were used in the dyeing industry to indicate the colourant used on the cloth. Saunders (2001) suggests that initials may be the mark of a weaver/clothier as opposed to royal initials when there is no crown present. Egan, G. (1995) Lead Cloth Seals and Related Items in the British Museum. Occasional paper 93. London, British Museum Press. Saunders, P. (2001) Medieval Catalogue part 3. Salisbury, Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum.

OXON-A34443: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval lead or lead alloy seal, probably an alnage or flax bale seal. The object is made of two circular discs which have been folded against one another. These are also connected by a folded small rectangular tab. On one surface appears to have a small raised letter D, while the opposite surface has two unclear letters. The cloth seal is an off white colour. It is 14.9mm in diameter, 5mm thick and weighs 2.84 grams. A similar example has been recorded on the database OXON-007BAA, another has been found near maidstone in Kent Kosher Food Lead Seal, Plumba (bagseals.org) and a final example is discussed by Egan (1994: Fig.47, No.356). Further examples are held by the British Museum e.g. 1987,0607.7 dating to the 17th to 18th century.

OXON-F8C23E: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead bag seal of Modern date AD 1890-1930. The bag seal is a cast disc with a bifurcated slot in opposed edges to function as a drawstring closure. One side has two concentric circular borders at its top and bottom. The concentric borders contain zigzagged line with the lower border having a lis in the centre. Across the top design is the banner reading WEBBS'. This design is topped by a crown. On the opposite surface is the inscription WEBB & SONS WORDSLEY STOURBRIDGE and in the centre reads THE/ QUEEN'S / SEEDSMAN The seal matrix is a cream colour. The seal is 23.4mm in diamater, 6.6mm in thickness and weighs 14.49 grams Webb & Sons were English seed merchants from around 1850 when Edward Webb founded the company in Wordsley, near Stourbridge. By the 1890's the company had become widely known and had been appointed seedsmen to Queen Victoria. The crown on this bag seal indicates this dates to the period after the company had been appointed by the Queen. The company took over Proctor and Ryland in 1894.

OXON-0BDBDC: CLOTH SEAL
An anonymous Post-Medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700 The object part consists of two discs placed on top of one another held together by a rectnagular tab which has beenbent over 180 degrees. Soild is visisble in the space between each disc. Each disc is plain wit no clear markings barring a rasied broder and damage to one of the discs. They are an off white sometimes grey colour. The cloth seal is 19.8mm long, 18.5mm wide, 5.2mm thick and weighs 5.89 grams. Cloth Seals are typically used between the 16th and 18th century. This was probably a cloth seal used by a clothier, weaver, dyer or searcher.

OXON-F6DE8E: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete Post-Medieval lead alloy cloth seal of the English seed merchants or seedsmen Webb and Sons seed merchants dating to c.AD 1890-1930. The obverse depicts an oval shaped ribbon with the words GRASS - [...] - AND - [...] within it. There are two concentric circular borders at its top and bottom. The concentric borders contain zigzagged line with the lower border having a lis in the centre. Across the top design is the banner reading WEBBS'. This design is topped by a crown. Around the outside is the inscription [REGISTERED] TRADE MARK. The reverse has the inscription surrounding a worn reverse. The seal matrix is a cream colour. The seal is 23.5mm in diameter, 6.4mm thick and weighs 14.76 grams Edward Webb and Sons were English seed merchants or seedsmen, dating to c.AD 1850 when Edward Webb started a business in Wordsley, near Stourbridge. By the 1890s Webb and Sons had been appointed seedsmen to Queen Victoria.

OXON-B786C7: CLOTH SEAL
A near complete Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal consists of the remains of two circular discs joined together by a connecting strip and a rivet that was pushed through the hole in one disc from the other disc and stamped flat. The pierced disc and the rivet squashed over it have a stamped design on them of a raised privy mark within a pelleted border. The privy mark includes a number four placed above two horizontal bars with, in the lower part, a heart subdivided into three, each containing a letter, S to left, T to right and illegible below. The reverse face is flat and has incised lines forms Zs and 7s in an irregular order and direction. The cloths seal is a light brown colour. The cloth seal is 32.6mm long, 27.5m wide 5.0mm thick and weighs 16.65 grams. This was probably a cloth seal used by a clothier, weaver, dyer or searcher. The use of a merchants mark suggests a broad late 16th to 18th century date. A number of comparable seals are published by Egan (1994: 181-183) although none with this exact mark. It has been suggested very few can be attributed to a specific individuals but most are 16th-17th century in date (Elton 2017 :249)

OXON-B958A6: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval Russian flax bale seal . The lead seal is a thick disc with two horizontal perforations running through the centre from edge to edge to accommodate a cord or wire which would have been used to attach the seal to a bale of flax. Obverse: WK // SB90 //[...] Reverse: 06 It is 25mm long, 24mm wide, 5.3mm thick and weighs 15.10 grams. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Russia was a prominent exporter of flax Lead bale seals were used as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Russian seals of this type were used as a means to monitor and ensure the quality of flax hemp products from Russia. They were applied individually by a port inspector and gave unique information like the inspector's name, the post where they worked, the name of the port, the initials of the previous grower/owner or agent, the quality and grade of the flax and the date it was graded (Sullivan 2000:211-227).

OXON-B7A8CD: CLOTH SEAL
A near complete Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal consists of the remains of two circular discs joined together by a connecting strip and a rivet that was pushed through the hole in one disc from the other disc and stamped flat. The pierced disc and the rivet squashed over it have a stamped design on them of a raised privy mark within a pelleted border. The privy mark includes a cross below which extends a vertical line dividing two capital letter which then seperates into two diagonal lines below the letters. The letters are B and C The reverse face is and has incised lines forming a lozenge shape from which one diagonal line extends. The cloths seal is an off white colour. The cloth seal is 34mm long, 28.5m wide 4.5mm thick and weighs 13.58 grams. This was probably a cloth seal used by a clothier, weaver, dyer or searcher. The use of a merchants mark suggests a broad late 16th to 18th century date. A number of comparable seals are published by Egan (1994: 181-183) although none with this exact mark. It has been suggested very few can be attributed to a specific individuals but most are 16th-17th century in date (Elton 2017 :249)

OXON-B7B2C3: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete complete Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal consists of the remains of two circular discs joined together by a connecting strip, which is now lost, and a rivet that was pushed through the hole in one disc from the other disc and stamped flat. The front disc is damaged with only a small area remaining. This pierced disc and the rivet squashed over it have a stamped design on them of a raised privy mark within a pelleted border. The privy mark includes a cross below which extends a vertical line dividing two capital letter which then seperates into two diagonal lines below the letters. The letters are B and C The reverse face is and has incised lines forming two triangles whose points touch to form an hourglass shape The cloths seal is an off white colour. The cloth seal is 34mm long, 28.5m wide 4.5mm thick and weighs 13.58 grams. This was probably a cloth seal used by a clothier, weaver, dyer or searcher. The use of a merchants mark suggests a broad late 16th to 18th century date. A number of comparable seals are published by Egan (1994: 181-183) although none with this exact mark. It has been suggested very few can be attributed to a specific individuals but most are 16th-17th century in date (Elton 2017 :249). A near identical design is recorded on the database OXON-B7A8CD

OXON-B92AB5: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete complete Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal consists of the remains of two circular discs joined together, No connecting strip survives so this may be a four piece or two piece seal. A Rivet that was pushed through the hole in one disc from the other disc and stamped flat. This pierced disc and the rivet squashed over it have a stamped design on them of a raised privy mark within a pelleted border. The privy mark includes a a vertical line dividing two capital letter which then seperates into two lines to form a lozenge with extended points. The letters are (R) and C The reverse is flat and plain The cloths seal is a dull grey colour. The cloth seal is 18.2mm long, 15.7m wide 1.6mm thick and weighs 2.95 grams. This was probably a cloth seal used by a clothier, weaver, dyer or searcher. The use of a merchants mark suggests a broad late 16th to 18th century date. A number of comparable seals are published by Egan (1994: 181-183) although none with this exact mark. It has been suggested very few can be attributed to a specific individuals but most are 16th-17th century in date (Elton 2017 :249).

OXON-B9386D: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete complete Post Medieval lead cloth seal dating to the period c. AD 1500 - 1700. The cloth seal consists of the remains of two circular discs joined together, No connecting strip survives so this may be a four piece or two piece seal. A Rivet that was pushed through the hole in one disc from the other disc and stamped flat. This pierced disc and the rivet squashed over it have a stamped impressed design of unclear form. The reverse has a raised letter W. The cloths seal is a light grey colour. The cloth seal is 15mm long, 12.4m wide 3.2mm thick and weighs 3.33 grams. This was probably a cloth seal used by a clothier, weaver, dyer or searcher.

OXON-686508: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead-alloy cloth seal dating to the late 17th century within the reign of King William III (AD 1689-1702). The cloth seal would have been a four part cloth seal made of four discs connected by linear tabs with a rivet projecting from one outside disc and a hole in another allowing these to be joined together. Now only one disc survives this depicts a crowned rose between the numbers 1 and 2 indicating the alnage subsidy for the cloth of 1 1/2 pence. The cloth seal is a light grey colour. The cloth seal fragment is 14mm long, 13.1mm wide, 1.3mm thick and weighs 1.12grams. Similar examples on the database include OXON-EF489C, SUR-F22E64 and BH-88CF06. Identical busts to these examples are depicted by Elton (2018: 164-5) who identifies these types as cloth seals of William III.

OXON-DFA1E1: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete lead Post Medieval cloth seal, probably dating from AD 1575 - 1700. The seal is two discs of lead joined together through an integral rivet on one disc is passed through a hole on the other and squashed flat when the seal was stamped. The stamped surface has the raised design of HZ the Z being placed across the cross bar of the H. The reverse has the personal seal of an individual scrated across the surface in two lines. This possibly represent 77Z lozenge over 25. The seal is an off white colour The seal is 25.7mm in diameter, 4.1mm thick and weighs 10.59 grams. Seals with similarly scratched designs on the database include IOW-55D610, SWYOR-3579A8 and CORN-945CC1 and a similarly designed H (albeit with a different set of letters) is also illustrated by Egan (1994: 182, No.217). These are all suggested to date from the 6th to 17th centuries. BERK-B92196 has the exact same design.

OXON-31E1B4: CLOTH SEAL
An incomplete, Medieval to Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, probably dating to c.AD 1450-1550. The seal is made of two sub-circular discs, which are placed flat upon one another and connected together by a rectangular tab that had been folded over at 180 degrees. There is also a slight projection from the far end of the rove disc, the nature of which is unclear. The first disc, termed a rove disc, has a circular hole through which a sub-oval rivet is pushed through which is attached to the second, rivet, disc. A raised ridge runs down the central axis of the connecting strip. The flat side of the rivet disc appear to show the faint traces of where the seal has been stamped with a shield displaying the arms of England. The cloth seal a very light brownish-grey pattina. The cloth seal is 28.8mm long, 19mm long and 4.2mm thick. It weighs 7.15 grams. The design on the disc is similar to Nos.110 and 111 in Egan (1994: 176). Egan suggests the late 15th Century AD as a likely date, though concedes the design could have continued in use after this date, so a date of c.AD 1450-1550 is given for this object. The stamping on the rivet itself is harder to decipher. IOW-AA3E94, SOM-CFF230 and NMS-EE7F71 all have close parallels with this seal. The fact that a small length of lead strip protrudes from the far end of the rove disc may suggest that this object is the remains of what was originally a four-disc cloth seal. However, the fact that the rivet and rove discs are connected in this instance makes this possibility unlikely, as four-disc cloth seals tended to consist of two flat 'inner' discs connected by a strip on one side and merging into a rivet and rove disc respectively on the other side. The description for SOM-2C9E7A briefly mentions this oddity.

OXON-93D32C: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval Russian flax bale seal . The lead seal is a thick disc with two horizontal perforations running through the centre from edge to edge to accommodate a cord or wire which would have been used to attach the seal to a bale of flax. The following reading has been suggested by Paul Cannon Obverse: [SPB] / NP_ [?] / W. [?H] / 1836. Reverse: : [ЛД] / [Г.СК]ОР[ОБ] / ОГА[ТОВ] / H6[5]. It is 20.4mm in diameter, 5.4mm thick and weighs 6.62 grams. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Russia was a prominent exporter of flax Lead bale seals were used as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Russian seals of this type were used as a means to monitor and ensure the quality of flax hemp products from Russia. They were applied individually by a port inspector and gave unique information like the inspector's name, the post where they worked, the name of the port, the initials of the previous grower/owner or agent, the quality and grade of the flax and the date it was graded (Sullivan 2000:211-227). Paul Cannon has suggested this can be be reconstructed as Г.СКОРОБОГАТОВ. This long inspector’s name transcribes as G.SKOROBOGATOV. He is known to work from Post no: 65 only. A number of his seals are known and five were found on the Bentham Mill site. These are listed in the Peacehavens Website see http://www.peacehavens.co.uk/BENTHAMDATABASE.htm G.Skorobogatov is recorded in several of John Sullivan’s indexes see Sullivan, J. 2012. Russian Cloth Seals in Britain: Trade, Textiles and Origins, Oxbow Books, Oxford; see page 169 for post no. 65

OXON-93D751: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval Russian flax bale seal . The lead seal is a thick disc with two horizontal perforations running through the centre from edge to edge to accommodate a cord or wire which would have been used to attach the seal to a bale of flax. Obverse: SPB // NP . 13 // I . C // 1836 ЛД // T:. Я EIE // HПOBЬ //H: 96 Reverse: [ЛД ] / А:ШИ / ПАЧЕВ / Н90 It is 210.9mm in diameter, 4.7mm thick and weighs 11.01 grams. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Russia was a prominent exporter of flax Lead bale seals were used as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Russian seals of this type were used as a means to monitor and ensure the quality of flax hemp products from Russia. They were applied individually by a port inspector and gave unique information like the inspector's name, the post where they worked, the name of the port, the initials of the previous grower/owner or agent, the quality and grade of the flax and the date it was graded (Sullivan 2000:211-227). Paul Cannon has suggested the the reverse transcribes as A.SHIPACHEV which is the name of the inspector who was working out of Post no: 90 (line 4). He is a fairly well known inspector and 8 of his seals, all recording Post no: 90 were found on the Bentham Mill site. These are listed in the Peacehavens Website see http://www.peacehavens.co.uk/BENTHAMPOSTNUMBERS.htm see #90. For an image of a very similar A.Shipachev seal, also dated 1836 see close to the bottom of this page http://www.peacehavens.co.uk/BENTHAM1830S.htm under 1836 and ref S21.

OXON-93D56F: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval Russian flax bale seal . The lead seal is a thick disc with two horizontal perforations running through the centre from edge to edge to accommodate a cord or wire which would have been used to attach the seal to a bale of flax. Obverse: [С]ПБ / [Н]оП.3 / М.С. / 1836 Reverse: ЛД / Т.ЧЕРЕ / НЦОВЪ / Н 87 It is 21.3mm in diameter, 4.9mm thick and weighs 12.18 grams. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Russia was a prominent exporter of flax Lead bale seals were used as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Russian seals of this type were used as a means to monitor and ensure the quality of flax hemp products from Russia. They were applied individually by a port inspector and gave unique information like the inspector's name, the post where they worked, the name of the port, the initials of the previous grower/owner or agent, the quality and grade of the flax and the date it was graded (Sullivan 2000:211-227). Paul Cannon has suggested that lines 2 and 3 of the reverse transcribe as T.CHERENTSOV. T.Cherentsov is the name of the inspector who was working out of Post no: 87 (line 4). The upper parts of the numerals 8 and 7 are just about visible on the seal. T.Cherentsov worked out of Post 121 from 1817 to 1825 (from the evidence of known seals) but moved to Post 87 after 1829 see See IDS 1799 at the bottom of the following page for a Cherentsov seal similar to this one http://www.peacehavens.co.uk/NEWIND1700.htm the date on the IDS 1799 seal is 1831 and not 1817 as stated on the website.

A Post Medieval Russian flax bale seal . The lead seal is a thick disc with two horizontal perforations running through the centre from edge to edge to accommodate a cord or wire which would have been used to attach the seal to a bale of flax. Obverse: […] // HoП.3 // I . Г // 1836 Reverse: ЛД / А:ПЫ / ЖОВЪ / H75 It is 21.1mm in diameter, 5.4mm thick and weighs 11.26 gtams. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Russia was a prominent exporter of flax Lead bale seals were used as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Russian seals of this type were used as a means to monitor and ensure the quality of flax hemp products from Russia. They were applied individually by a port inspector and gave unique information like the inspector's name, the post where they worked, the name of the port, the initials of the previous grower/owner or agent, the quality and grade of the flax and the date it was graded (Sullivan 2000:211-227). Paul Cannon has suggested that lines 2 and 3 can be transcribed A.PYZHOV and record this inspector who was working out of Post no: 75. A.Pyzhov initially worked out of Post 114 but by 1833 had moved to Post 75. Several examples of his seals, at both posts 75 & 114 were found at Bentham Mills. These are listed in the Peacehavens Website see http://www.peacehavens.co.uk/BENTHAMDATABASE.htm see the name ‘Pyzhov’. For an example of his seals at post 75 see https://peacehavens.co.uk/BSIND1600.htm see IDS 1620.

OXON-A38375: CLOTH SEAL
A cloth seal or pot mend of uncertain date. The object is formed of two discs both flat and circular in plan but one of which is much larger. These are held together by a central circular rivet. The object is an off white colour. The object is 20.7mm long, 18mm wide, 3mm thick and weighs 4.71 grams. This item was found in the same area as two futher pot mends OXON-A376D2 and OXON-A36F3B which may suggest this had the same form. However each discs walls are far thinner and the overall form is far closer to a Post medieval cloth seal such as OXON-B7B2C3.

OXON-287975: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval to Post Medieval (14th to 18th century) lead alloy cloth seal: This is a two-part cloth seal comprising two circular discs. Disc one is undecorated with the exception of two short linear ridges near one edge. These may have been part of a larger design which is not visible now. Disc two has a hole in the centre through which a stud protrudes and has since been flattened. This disc has an inscription in three lines reading '[ ] OA / [ ]MILLA / L[ ]XI[ ] The surface of the seal has a cream coloured. It measures 32.5mm long, 25.52mm wide, 6.13mm thick and weighs 15.31g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries (Egan, 1989) as a form of quality control. Without further detail it is difficult to narrow the date of this seal further. Egan, G. 1994. Lead cloth seals and related items in the British MuseumOccasional Paper 93. The British Museum Press; London.

OXON-5B7BBB: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval Russian flax bale seal from St Petersburg dating from the 1740s-60s. It most likely dates from 1757. The lead seal is a thick disc with two horizontal perforations running through the centre from edge to edge to accommodate a cord or wire which would have been used to attach the seal to a bale of flax. Obverse: / Reverse: SPB // SRHB // [17]57 It is 30.95mm in diameter, 6.4mm thick and weighs 21.03 grams. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Russia was a prominent exporter of flax Lead bale seals were used as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Russian seals of this type were used as a means to monitor and ensure the quality of flax hemp products from Russia. They were applied individually by a port inspector and gave unique information like the inspector's name, the post where they worked, the name of the port, the initials of the previous grower/owner or agent, the quality and grade of the flax and the date it was graded (Sullivan 2000:211-227).

OXON-5B69D6: CLOTH SEAL
A Post Medieval Russian flax bale seal. The lead seal is a thick disc with two horizontal perforations running through the centre from edge to edge to accommodate a cord or wire which would have been used to attach the seal to a bale of flax. Obverse: // П: Ʌ E[B] // E Д E B // H75 Reverse: / P[:] 2H / 1806 It is 21.5mm in diameter, 4.6mm thick and weighs 10.71 grams. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries Russia was a prominent exporter of flax Lead bale seals were used as a means of identification and as a component of regulation and quality control. Russian seals of this type were used as a means to monitor and ensure the quality of flax hemp products from Russia. They were applied individually by a port inspector and gave unique information like the inspector's name, the post where they worked, the name of the port, the initials of the previous grower/owner or agent, the quality and grade of the flax and the date it was graded (Sullivan 2000:211-227).

OXON-7BD204: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval to Post Medieval (14th and 18th centuries) cloth seal: The lead cloth seal is fragmentary and is a portion of a disc, which was probably originally part of a four-disc cloth seal. The disc has a broken edge, and is uniface. The design is a central shield with a chevron. The disc has a legend around the edge with a beaded border between the legend and shield. The legend is not illegible and the letters are widely spaced. The surface of the seal is oxidised forming a cream coloured surface. It measures 18.5mm long, 13.08mm wide and 1.59mm thick. It weighs 1.69g. Cloth seals were in use between the 14th and 18th centuries as a form of quality control. The date for this example cannot be narrowed down presently.

OXON-E55E45: CLOTH SEAL
A Modern lead cloth seal, most likely dating to the early 20th century, based on the lettering style. At the centre of one face are the letters HRT, topped with a scroll. The legend around the edge reads [...] FT / BERGMANN [...] GEWERK, suggesting a German origin. On the other face is a design of crossed hammers or possibly crossed axes. The edges are heavily chipped and jagged. The seal has a uniform grey patina, with patches of rusty-brown corrosion. It has a thickness of 5.61mm and a diameter of 21.55mm. It weighs 11.96 grams.

NMS-E24AC6: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, crowned A and crowned T (the crowns are of different forms). Impressed worn image probably a squirrel, see NMS 692F70, NMS-E8A18C, NMS-69A9C0 for probable parallels.

NMS-BD0474: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, diameter 11mm. 1603-1688. - // arms of Great Britain // ..AR/..LY // -

NMS-BFB993: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, large letter A (for mixed linen-warp and cotton weft fabrics from Augsburg, Germany) // pine cone. See Egan (1994) no.s 308-10. 16th/early 17th century.

NMS-3DE8C4: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, NO / RW / ICH // MT / BADL / BGS.

NMS-3DF2F1: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, WOR / STEAD / REFOR / M.

NMS-3DFF81: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, WOR / STEAD / REFOR / MED.

NMS-3E08C1: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, portcullis // ...[?X]VIII.

NMS-437F62: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, obscure letter // (impressed) H ...?

NMS-CC4D25: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, illegible device.

NMS-6309A0: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, with portrait bust of Queen Anne (1702-14) within damaged inscription ......M ANNE and beaded circle.

NMS-631284: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, crowned thistle within fragmentary inscription: .........R : S (for Colchester, from reign of James I, see Egan (1994) no. 23, fig. 11).

NMS-89B682: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, SEA / RCH / ED // worn Stuart Royal arms // Lion and Unicorn beneath a crown // II / IX (length 27mm) 1603-88.

NMS-C94892: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval cloth seal, circular (diam. 23mm), one face (damaged) depicts an angel facing forward in pleated dress, holding a palm branch in the right hand, both arms bent at the elbow, the left hand and lower part of the body are missing, as is all but an illegible scrap of the surrounding inscription. Possible crown and crossed sceptres on the other face, within the illegible remains of an inscription. See Egan 1994, pp. 41-2, nos.64 - 69. 17th century. UKDFD Ref. no. - 41262.

NMS-DB7836: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 20mm. Stamped impression of small (6 x 6mm) shield with engrailed edges, containing the letter V // (rivet only) C S privy mark (form as Egan 1994 no. 223). The personal seal of a clothier, weaver or searcher. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-DF0630: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, fragment of elaborate privy mark // four incised lines. 22mm x 18mm. 17th century.

NMS-059F21: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal: R // fragments of a quartered shield with two lions passant guardant divided by a horizontal line of partition and between vertical lines of partition. Diam.20.5mm. 16th-17th century.

NMS-5A6E33: CLOTH SEAL
4 post-medieval lead cloth seals: (1) FIDE / LITAS / ARTES / ALIT // fragment of the arms of Norwich, (2) [S]LEW / 1584 // Arms of Norwich, (3) large, incomplete cursive inscription / fragment of incomplate scratched inscription below horizontal line: 13, (4) illeg. / illeg. 16th-17th century.

NMS-F0E9C6: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of post-medieval lead cloth seal: Remains of portcullis // XXVII. 20mm x 18mm. 17th-18th century.

NMS-351C82: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 1 of a four-part post-medieval lead cloth seal. Uninscribed. Diameter 17mm. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-638353: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, rectangular (14.5 x 18mm) with "spade-shaped" disc 2 (Egan 1994, 58). XVII / XXII // - Late 16th - early 17th century.

NMS-59EBE1: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of a post-medieval lead cloth seal, - // portcullis (not crowned but with long chains emerging from the upper edge and curled-over and running down both sides), width 15mm, length 20mm. 17th century.

NMS-834246: CLOTH SEAL
Four post-medieval lead cloth seals: - discs 1 and 4 of a four-part. Diameter 14mm. - disc 1 of a four-part. Diameter 11mm. - disc 1 of a two-part. Stamped C I Diameter 23mm. - two-part, bent. ]WI / CH // M / LTL / BRPA / ... Diameter 20.5mm. A Norwich Weavers' Company seal, 1650 - 1705 (Egan 1994, 46-7, nos. 81-5).

NMS-84D482: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal. Diameter 23mm. Blank // damaged and obscure privy mark. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-87D627: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seals: RWI / CH // illegible. Diameter 21mm, and TB // blank. Diameter 13mm. 17th - 18th century.

NMS-9F9D81: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, diameter 14mm, length 29mm. CAR / SAY / 16 // - // - // illegible. For Kersey, a type of woollen cloth. See SF-A6F227. c.1660 - c.1685.

NMS-9FFB73: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, diameter 19.5mm. Fleur-de-lis with an illegible inscription around // crown above the letters AD

Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 20mm. Privy mark within a beaded frame. I o O o O / HS ligatured // rivet only. The reading of the upper line is uncertain. Late 16th - early 18th century. .

NMS-87FFE3: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 18.5mm. BB / BIWI / WR.. / CF.. // largely illegible [NO]RW[ICH]. The initials are those of the twelve wardens of the Norwich Weavers' Company for one year between 1650 and 1705 (Egan 1994, 46). Examples of this seal, for one of the years for which there is no surviving list, were recorded by Egan (1987, 192, 352 and 358). The non-recorded years were 1660-4, 1678 and 1686.

NMS-D155E1: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of post-medieval lead cloth seal, traces of illegible inscription on one face. 14 x 11mm. 16th-18th century.

Post-medieval lead object, resembling in part a cloth seal, but probably more likely to be a tag, ticket or label of some kind. A disc with low median rib on one face merges into an incomplete lug or tab at the edge. On the other face a moulded peripheral rib surrounds the stamped number 14 in the centre. Diameter 33mm. Thickness 3mm. 17th - 18th century. Field JH3

NMS-15C283: CLOTH SEAL
Four disc lead cloth seal. Blank or illegible // ..]F COMMON W[... around Arms of the Commonwealth // Portcullis surrounded by illegible text // blank. Diameter of discs 15mm. Length 31mm. 1649 - 60.

Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-piece, circular, diameter 33mm. Incuse: 49¾ / ¼ 49½ (with / between ¼ and 49½ // Stamped in centre: E 17th - early 18th century.

NMS-075A51: CLOTH SEAL
2 post-medieval lead cloth seals, both two-piece with a damaged crown on one face. Both 19mm x 17mm. 17th century.

NMS-0770F5: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal: WOR / STED / REFOR / MED // 27. 23mm x 22mm. 17th century.

NMS-DF8DB6: CLOTH SEAL
One disc from a four-part cloth seal, diameter 14mm. Within a pelleted border a crown between the letters G and R and above a sexfoil. For George I, 1714-27 (cf. NMS-9A4C80 and NMS-7F7248).

NMS-EF6704: CLOTH SEAL
Post-Medieval lead cloth seal. Damaged, incomplete, no surviving marks on either face. Diameter 38mm.

3 post-medieval lead cloth seals, (1): crowned A, crowned T, crowned L / crowned B. (2): Royal Arms (France and England quarterly) within inscription: S: VLII , PAO , VAILLE , LOND // fragment with elaborate shield bearing the arms of London (3): Fragment of crown with E between two pellets to right // fragment of large possible letter D or E? All c. 25mm diameter. 16th-17th century.

NMS-4A3567Z: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, bent double, X is visible on disc 1. Diameter c.22mm. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-B1C255: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, ... S / TS... / BHI // illegible (diam.19mm). 17th century.

NMS-055EA5: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal. On disc 3 a fleur-de-lis within a pelleted border. Diameter 10mm. 17th century.

Very large post-medieval lead tubular cloth seal. - // privy mark ADC within a foliar frame. 42 x 42mm. Weight 80g. 17th century.

NMS-1A2503: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, discs 1 and 4 only, without inscription or device, diameter 13mm. 17th century.

NMS-1B4997: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, two-part, disc one only, diameter 20.5mm. Privy mark MS (or possibly SW) with knotwork between, above and below. Late 16th - 17th century.

Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal in abraded condition, circular, edges missing, no extant inscription, diameter more than 22mm. Disc 1: St Michael spearing a dragon. Disc 2, rivet only: (part of) a shield bearing on a chief two roses seeded surmounted by a helm and mantling. Late 16th - early 17th century.

NMS-48D651: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, length 27mm, diameter 15.5mm. Disc 1: E 2 / C H Disc 2: a crowned lion statant guardant Disc 3: a large K, * COMIT · YORKE [meaning Yorkshire] around Disc 4: - Discs 2 and 3 are probably from the same dies as those of a seal from Ringwood,Hampshire (HAMP-C2E516). 17th century. FLO11

NMS-6F3FE4: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 20mm. WOR / STED / REFOR / MED // 41 with sprigs above and probably below [the second number is an uncertain reading] See Egan 1994, 48. Late 17th century. FLO12

NMS-D41397: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part and probably circular, the original edges lost. No device // crown over portcullis (rivet only). Diameter more than 16.5mm. Late 16th - early 18th century. Q13

NMS-EC65C5: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, disc 1 trapezoidal (20 x 16mm), disc 2 circular (diameter 10mm). XVIII / XXII // - See Egan 1994, 58-9. fig. 26 nos. 117-9. Late 16th - early 17th century. FLO12

NMS-523FC5: CLOTH SEAL
2 post-medieval lead cloth seals, (1): crowned portcullis (19 x 22mm) // blank, (2): Shield bearing a chevron a bordure engrailed, set within the remains of an inscription .........R // A54 within pelleted border (19 x 26). 17th-18th century.

NMS-BF8A84: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 1 from a post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, diameter 14mm. A crowned Lombardic letter 'n' Probably 16th century.

NMS-D5E894: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, undecorated. Diam.18mm. 17th-18th century

NMS-13E035: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, diameter 18mm. Stamped V or chevron, very faint incuse R I Z // X or saltire (rivet only). Late 16th - 17th century. Finder's Group 2, see annotated aerial photograph in file.

NMS-8F53A2: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, 2-part, undecorated. Diam. 25mm. 17th-18th century.

NMS-E8DC60: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, oval 13mm x 11.5mm. 5mm thick. Blank.

Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, on one face is the Tudor royal coat of arms, a crowned shield bearing France and England quarterly) with an R to the sinister side, the E (for Elizabeth I) is missing from the dexter side, all within a legend, part survives: ·SVLII' PAO[ (part of the contracted legend for 'seal of alnage [tax] of saleable cloths of London', Egan 1994, p.41, no.61. on the reverse is part of the arms of London. Diam.25mm. 1564 or 1573.

NMS-CCCF06: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth-seal, face with fragment of a crowned rose between C M and within the remains of a Lombardic legend: .........SELE[. Diam. 24.5mm. 5mm thick. 17th century.

NMS-CE8695: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth-seal, one face with a scratched inscription: 4 1/4 . Diam. 34mm. 3mm thick. 17th century.

NMS-64BF54: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 2 of a two-part post-medieval lead cloth seal, with a textile impression over one face. Diameter 15.5mm. Mid 16th - 17th century.

NMS-CB5DC5: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval, possibly continental, lead cloth seal, surviving part of the decoration comprises the left (or sinister) wing of a probable eagle. Diameter 20mm. 16th-17th century.

NMS-97B8A5: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal: bull statant guardant with DW to right of head, cabled border // impressed PL. Length 28mm. Diameter 20mm. 3mm thick. A dyer's seal. 17th-18th century.

NMS-AF99E1: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of a post-medieval lead two-part circular cloth seal, disc 1 depicting part of the arms of Norwich, a three-towered castle, almost all of one tower and the lower part missing. Diameter uncertain. c.1575 - c.1650.

Post-medieval lead two-part circular cloth seal: arms of Norwich, a three-towered castle above a damaged lion passant guardant // blank. Diameter 19mm. c.1575 - c.1650.

Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth-seal, undecorated. 15.5 x 13mm. 17th-18th century.

NMS-2B52E7: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, diameter 13mm. Illegible // incomplete crowned portcullis with chains. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-D10B57: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal: HI... within traces of possible inscribed border // impressed RNO. Diam. 24-6mm. 3mm thick. 17th-18th century.

NMS-BDA9FF: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-piece, circular, diameter 13mm, illegible device on both discs. Mid 16th - 17th century. Within 20m of grid reference.

NMS-F8DCCA: CLOTH SEAL
Two post-medieval circular two-part cloth seals: diameter 22mm, uncertain device // - diameter 20mm, WOR / STED / REFOR / MED Very similar to Egan 1994, no. 87, but from a different matrix // - 1650 - 1705.

NMS-0F2B01: CLOTH SEAL
Two post-medieval lead cloth seals: - 4-part, circular, discs 1 and 4 only, diameters 10 and 11.5mm, uninscribed, late 16th - early 18th century. - 2-part, circular, diameter 18mm. RT / TBBM / [B]PRM / SV // NO / RWI / CH The letters on disc 1 stand for the surnames of the twelve wardens of the Norwich Weaver's Company for a particular year between 1650 and 1705 (Egan 1994, 46-7). The year in question is 1683 (Egan 1987, 412). See NMS-018666, an identical seal, from Barnham Broom, Norfolk (HER 57892).

NMS-F94366: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal: inscribed letters ARRA on a horizontal band or fess, two rats passant inverted in base // fleur-de-lis above a rat. Diam. 19.5mm diameter. 2mm thick. From Arras, France. Later 16th - 17th century.

NMS-1194B1: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 16mm. - // ?S E privy mark Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-78FBF0: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 2 or 3 form a post-medieval 4-part lead cloth seal, diameter 20.5mm. L / XVIII Late 16th - 17th century

Post-medieval 2-part lead cloth seal, diameter 20mm. 29 // WOR / [S]TED / [R]EFOR / MED The first two letters of the last line are ligatured, cf. Egan 1994, nos. 87-8. Second half 17th century

NMS-79340A: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval 2-part lead cloth seal, diameter 16mm. Arms of Norwich // uncertain device, absent except at rivet. Late 16th - mid 17th century.

NMS-8BFA82: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal with a large letter A (for mixed linen-warp and cotton weft fabrics from Augsberg, Germany. With a pine cone on reverse. Bent, diam.18mm. Cf. Egan (1994) nos.308-10. 16th/early 17th century.

NMS-DE51BA: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 20.5mm. G / R ?O T privy mark // apparently without device. Late 16th - 17th century. Finder's no. AA440

NMS-6177FB: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, diameter 18mm. XXXIII // HB privy mark Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-8551BD: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 21mm. - // (little more than the rivet extant) part of a portcullis. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-9D11C9: CLOTH SEAL
Two discs from post-medieval lead four part cloth seal(s), disc 1 and disc 2 or 3 with a faint and illegible device, diameter 13mm. 17th - early 18th century.

NMS-F2D744: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal with a large letter A (for mixed linen-warp and cotton weft fabrics from Augsberg, Germany. With a pine cone on reverse. Diam.19mm. 3.5mm thick. Cf. Egan (1994) nos.308-10. 16th/early 17th century.

NMS-3148E2: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 18mm. Pine cone with trefoil side projections on sub-triangular stand with rounded base // ornate A From Augsburg, similar to Egan 1994, no. 308. 16th - early 17th century.

NMS-31661B: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 20mm. - // Crown over portcullis, almost all of surrounding legend missing. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-4A437E: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 15.5mm. - // S below curving legend ...]TAX[.. Late 16th - 17th century. Finders' number AA259

NMS-5A2B99: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part circular cloth seal, diameter 24.5mm. Stamped S // M or W near one edge, perhaps two letters not present. 17th - 18th century. Finders' number AA316

NMS-C481BD: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 19mm. - // W (rivet only extant). Late 16th - 17th century.

Medieval or post-medieval lead cloth seal. Two discs, blank // crowned portcullis with annulet in each corner within a cabled circular border around which is an inscription which is now mostly missing, the remaining part illegible. Diameter 18mm. 16th - 17th century.

2 post-medieval lead cloth seals: two-part circular, diameter 21mm. A privy mark: elongated 4 with RBI at mid point and conjoined XX at base // (blank); Fragment (one disk) with traces of possible crowned rose and small OB to right. Late 16th - 18th century.

NMS-B1AE7D: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 25mm. - // PS privy mark. The style of the privy mark is close to that of Egan 1994, no. 214. Late 16th - early 18th century. Field BC

NMS-BF6578: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of Post Medieval lead alloy cloth seal. The fragment consists largely of the compressed rivet and has a discernable but illegible mark on one side. Circa 17th-18th century.

NMS-C3709D: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, circular, extant diameter 19mm. Portcullis, no legend present // crown over shield with arms of England. 16th century. Field B1

NMS-EDCA94: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 3 or 4 from a post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, diameter 13.3mm. A lion passant on a crown with an illegible letter to the left. Cf. Egan 1994, no. 132. c.1660 - c.1702. Field SC

NMS-287CF0: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval or post-medieval lead cloth seal. Two discs, blank // crowned portcullis with annulet, chain and scrap of pelleted border and inscription, the remaining part illegible. Diameter 12 x 16mm. 3mm thick. 16th - 17th century.

NMS-80AADE: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part circular cloth seal, diameter 16.5mm. - // a horse passant to dexter. the upper and left-hand parts of the impression are absent, with most of the image appearing only on the rivet. Cf. NMS-602847. Late 16th - early 18th century.

NMS-58C6D8: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead two-part cloth-seal: undecorated // rivet only with fragment of unidentified probable privy mark. Diam. c.21mm. 17th century.

NMS-04E011: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, two-part, diameter 18 and 20mm. There is no device. One disc has been turned through 360 degrees so that the rivet lies on the outer face of disc 1. Probably late 16th - early 18th century.

NMS-04F9B7: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, two-part, diameter 24mm. Privy mark (mostly illegible) within a circle // two square stamped impressions with billeted borders, one containing the letter V, the other S. 17th century.

NMS-95951B: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 18mm. - // portcullis, surrounding legend missing. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-BD73CA: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, crowned A R // illegible. Extant 20 x 12mm. 17th-18th century.

NMS-161C4F: CLOTH SEAL
Two medieval - post-medieval lead cloth seals. Two discs: blank // blank or illegible. Diameter 13mm. Two discs, one surviving as rivet only: 12 // * and indecipherable marks. Diameter 17mm. Circa 16th - 18th century.

Medieval - post-medieval lead cloth seal. Two of four surviving discs. Shield bearing a cross with a pellet to either side within a beaded circular border // IOC surrounded by + D ]?[ A O ]?[. Diameter 12mm. Circa 16th - 18th century.

NMS-164BE8: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval - post-medieval lead cloth seal. Fragment of one disc ]T I[ // blank. Diameter at least 17mm. Circa 16th - 18th century.

NMS-165B8F: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval - post-medieval lead cloth seal. Two discs XXVI // folded and mostly obscured, probable portcullis. Diameter 16mm. Circa 16th - 18th century.

Medieval - post-medieval lead cloth seal. Four discs blank // RS within a circle // illegible within a border // blank . Diameter 11mm. Circa 16th - 18th century.

Medieval - post-medieval seal or unidentified object. Possibly a cloth seal. Lead disc with the arms of Norwich (castle above a lion) within a cabled border in low relief, with a recess around the edge separating the upper disc from a lower disc or flange from which two loops or tabs project. At least two further broken shank-like projections emanate from the edge of the upper disc. If a cloth seal then the usual arrangement of rivets and tabs connecting discs has not been used. Diameter 15mm. Circa 16th - 18th century.

NMS-54EED7: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, diameter 18.2mm. Ornate A with annulet to left and small uncertain device in lower right, with ribbed border // rivet only, pine cone (part of). For Augsburg fustian. Probably as Egan 1994, no. 310. The A is set high on the flan so that an X above is not present. 16th - early 17th century.

NMS-913EC8: CLOTH SEAL
Two post-medieval lead cloth seals for Augsburg fustian, circular and two-part, 16th - early 17th century: - diameter 17.4mm. Ornate A within pelleted circle // (rivet only) part of pinecone. - diameter 19.6mm. Ornate A within pelleted circle annulet above, below and to right (left part distorted) // pinecone.

NMS-FD0975: CLOTH SEAL
Two post-medieval lead two-part circular cloth seals, late 16th - early 18th century: - diameter 25mm. Illegible incuse, including scratchings // - - disc 1 only, diameter 25mm, distorted. 7 / 32 Yd with the numbers incuse, the horizontal line and Yd moulded

NMS-54C769: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 22mm. - // C R privy mark. Late 16th - 18th century.

NMS-3DB023: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 16 - 18mm. Lombardic n // arms of Norwich. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-D0201C: CLOTH SEAL
Part of post-medieval lead cloth seal: XXX // concentric circles. Diameter 19mm. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-F74ACA: CLOTH SEAL
Five post-medieval circular two-part cloth seals: golden fleece // traces of illegible scratched numbers above and below a horizontal line (diam. 28mm); golden fleece // traces of illegible scratched numbers above and below a horizontal line (diam. 27mm); fragment, rivet with scratched 4 above a horizontal line and five blind holes / two blind holes (extant dimensions 17 x 21mm); no loop, impressed 62 / blank (diam. 25mm); impressed 56 / blank (diam. 25-6mm). For the two examples bearing a golden fleece see SWYOR-DC9677, DUR-AE5581 and YORYM-D45BF4. A hanging sheep or the golden fleece is the symbol for Leeds and it seems likely that this is a seal has some connection with the cloth trade there. 17th-18th century.

NMS-F97640: CLOTH SEAL
Three incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seals, 16th - 17th century: - slightly more than half a two-part, indistinct motif on disc 2, diameter c.21mm. - disc 2 without rivet, uninscribed, diameter 16mm. - disc 2 or 3 from a four-part. YO.. / KA / 16.. diameter 15mm.

NMS-4CDA87: CLOTH SEAL
One disc from a post-medieval four-part cloth seal, circular, diameter c. 24.5mm. 8.1 within ··TAVNTON around (the Ns retrograde) with a beaded border. 17th century.

NMS-4CF4E5: CLOTH SEAL
One incomplete and abraded disc from a post-medieval four-part cloth seal, circular, diameter c.25mm. A saltire with a pellet in two opposed angles. Late 16th -17th century.

NMS-4ED0F1: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular: (large letter) F // ...... (?VI) / EN (the N is damaged) . Diameter 22mm. Late 16th - 17th century.

Distorted and incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, once circular and now ovoid, disc 2 only, rivet missing, lines of pellets and part of the letter O (or an annulus). Textile impression on the reverse. Diameter c.30mm. 16th - 17th century.

Post-medieval lead cloth seal, large letter A (for mixed linen-warp and cotton weft fabrics from Augsberg, Germany) // damaged pine cone. Cf. Egan (1994) nos.308-10. 21 x 18mm. 4mm thick. 16th/early 17th century.

NMS-23782C: CLOTH SEAL
Cast lead Russian uniface cloth seal, for flax or hemp, with a double-headed eagle (the Arms of Russia) with a fragmentary inscription in Cyrillic around the edge, and another above the eagle of the seal reading: CAHKT ПETEPБПORT 1770 for St Petersburg Port, with the city eagle seal and Ю state seal.

NMS-23D07B: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, diameter 28-30mm, 0.5mm thick. Worn and damaged: three crowns // O / D G (square counter-relief stamp) 3 c.17th century.

Fragment of a post-medieval cloth seal, the rivet only. Part of an uncertain device including the letter or number I within a square // part of the arms of London. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-38D6F6: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, spade-shaped. 21 x 20mm. XVIII / XX with blank space below // rivet only. Egan 1994, 58-9, nos. 117-9. Late 16th - early 17th century.

NMS-7A13FA: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 17mm. A portcullis, no other details visible // - Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-23536E: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-piece, circular, diameter 21.5mm. T XIX / III XXX // - The T and III are stamped, the remainder incuse. Late 16th - 18th century.

Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal for Augsburg fustian, circular and two-part, diameter 19.5mm. Ornate A between four annulets within a pelleted circle // (rivet only) part of a pinecone. 16th - early 17th century.

NMS-466FC2: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of a medieval lead cloth seal, circular, two-part, diameter uncertain (more than 20mm): the lower part broken around the base of a shield bearing two bars (on an obliquely cross-hatched field), the upper edge of the shield surmounted by a letter D // rivet only. Perhaps 14th-15th century.

Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter c.18.5mm. XVII // uncertain device (rivet only). Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-9EE58A: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 18 - 19mm. XLVI // crown over partcullis. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-B31393: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead cloth seal, four-part, diameter 12mm, disc 2 and 3 only. missing // a shield, on a chevron three Xs between two havettes and a quatrefoil in chief // - // missing. The arms are probably intended to be those of the Clothworkers' Company. 17th century.

NMS-B35EA2: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, diameter 16mm. - // incomplete, part of a privy mark with the letter M Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-C7B6FF: CLOTH SEAL
Squashed post-medieval two-part cloth seal, diameter 17mm, apparently uninscribed. Late 16th - 17th century. aa900

NMS-C47241: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of post-medieval lead cloth seal, edge missing- now oval, diameter at least 16mm. Letter A without crossbar within remains of further, smaller, illegible letters // blank. c.16th-c.17th century.

Post-medieval lead two-part circular cloth seal, diameter 25mm: impressed 17 / 32 (?date) // blank. 18th century.

NMS-027A8A: CLOTH SEAL
2 incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seals: (1) central stem with roots at base and leaves at top, between letters G S (all on rivet, outer part missing) // blank. (2) WR below unidentified fragment of device (all on rivet, outer part missing). Both diams c.18mm. Later c.16th-c.18th century.

NMS-195DC8: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of post-medieval lead cloth seal, four-part, circular, diameter 15mm. TH (monogram) ESSEX // crown over date 1632.

Post-medieval lead cloth seal, bent two-part. Royal Arms (France Modern and England quarterly) // blank. 13-14mm diameter. 2mm thick. Probably 16th century.

NMS-AE3F25: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part and probably circular, all of the outer part missing. Crown over a shield with the arms of England // (rivet only) ornate shield with the arms of London. Cf. Egan 1994, no. 61. Probably 1564 or 1573.

Four post-medieval lead, circular, two-piece cloth seals: - disc 1 only, diameter 17mm. ..L../MSC/..BR probably Norwich Weavers' Company, 1650 - 1705 (Egan 1994, 46-7). - diameter 15mm. R // cinquefoil. - diameter 20mm. illegible // -. - diameter 20mm. - // curving tail or letter S

NMS-7BBAE3: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 13mm, length 26.5mm. - // arms of Stuart Britain // crowned lion statant guardant // - 1603 - 1688

NMS-8F392F: CLOTH SEAL
Four-part post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, diameter 9.5 - 11mm, length 27mm. - // two lions passant guardant above 1636 // a crown // -

NMS-CE47DF: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, circular, two-part. Diameter uncertain. Edges missing, incuse saltire // fleur-de-lis, rivet only present. Late 16th - 17th century. Within 20m of grid reference.

NMS-CE80AB: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 2 or 3 of post-medieval lead 4-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 13mm. Charles II type head, OF ENGLAND around. cf. Egan 1994, no. 137. 1660 - 1688. Within 30m of grid reference.

NMS-0F6C39: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of a post-medieval lead cloth seal. The edges of both disac are missing. Part of a merchant's or privy mark, a cross with one arm bisecting a circle // - rivet only. Extant dimensions 14 x 10mm. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-1FA38E: CLOTH SEAL
2 post-medieval lead cloth seals, circular, diameters 28mm and 16mm, both discs illegible. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-1FB8A4: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post medieval lead two-part cloth seal: privy mark with 4 between illegible letters // illegible. Diameter 22mm. Late 16th - 17th century

Post medieval lead two-part cloth seal: L / LK (impressed) // S8 (impressed). Diameter c.20mm. 17th-18th century.

NMS-211F4F: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead two-part cloth seal: Crowned letters, illegible // possible H with small annulet to one side, other side damaged/obscure. Diameter c.20mm. Late 17th-18th century.

Incomplete medieval lead two-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 12.5mm, with an incomplete but very long connecting strip. The die was larger than the flan. Crozier with part of legend around ]LEO[ // shield paly (rivet only). As Egan 1994, no. 325, from Malines in the Low Countries. First half 14th century.

NMS-36F6C4: CLOTH SEAL
Medieval/post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal: single-masted cog // large fleur-de-lis. Diameter 20mm. Late 15th - 16th century.

Incomplete (2 detached joining fragments) post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, Arms of Norwich // damaged incomplete legend: ...EAD / ...ED. Diam. 20mm. 17th century.

NMS-4CCDBA: CLOTH SEAL
Crumpled post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-piece, circular, diameter 13.5mm. - // a crowned rose. 17th century.

NMS-61CC7F: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 2 or 3 from a lead four-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 19.5mm. W / XXVII late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-B13B8D: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval two-part lead cloth seal, circular. - (apparently plain, but most of edge missing) // portcullis (rivet only). Extant diameter 14mm. Later 16th century.

NMS-DD6A39: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal: XII // letters O M flank the remains of a vertical upwright which bifurcates a heart in base, separating the letters R H. Extant diameter 14mm. Later 16th-17th century.

NMS-CB542F: CLOTH SEAL
Disc 2 or 3 of a post-medieval lead 4-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 13mm. B h // origin unknown. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-F18DF9: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead four-part cloth seal, diameter 11.5mm, discs 2 and 3 only. Below the date 1660 a shield bearing the arms of the Clothworkers' Company: a chevron ermine between in chief two havettes and in base a teazel cob // Incomplete shield bearing the Arms of Stuart Britain. As NMS-E57344. Diameter 11.5mm. Extant length 17.7mm. 270 minutes searching on stubble.

NMS-5CD37F: CLOTH SEAL
2 post-medieval lead cloth seals, both two-part, one diameter 22mm: remains of privy mark, upright between S W with a W in base // blank; the other cloth seal blank, diam.17mm. 17th - early 18th century.

NMS-96EAD2: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead, two-part, circular cloth seal of the Norwich Weavers' Company, diameter 21mm. NO / RWI / CH // FH / LW RW / WCS. The initials on disc 2 are those of the twelve wardens of the Norwich Weavers' Company for one year between 1650 and 1705 (Egan 1994, 46). The year in question is 1665. The missing three initials are P / BC (Egan 1987, 408).

NMS-B369D0: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 33mm. Incomplete, central part only, no extant legend, a post-mill // - The origin is unknown and no parallel has been noted. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-53D7EB: CLOTH SEAL
One circular disc from a post-medieval lead cloth seal. Crown within circle, 2 above and to the left. Diameter 14.5mm. Late 16th-17th century.

Fragment of Post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, rivet-only, circular, diameter 15mm. Arms of Norwich // M within part of a possible curvilinear cartouche. Later 16th-17th century.

NMS-F95419: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead cloth seal, two-part, circular, diameter 20mm, 4mm thick. Obscure devices including a possible leaf or tree, a cinquefoil and a smaller possible flower // rivet only with possible remains of a now illegible inscription. 16th-17th century.

NMS-FAE0BE: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth-seal: both faces undecorated. Diameter 16-11mm. Late 16th - 17th century.

NMS-FB6AF4: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete post-medieval lead two-part cloth-seal: undecorated // rivet only with fragment of unidentified device. 16 x 14mm. 3mm. 17th-18th century.

NMS-65367D: CLOTH SEAL
Fragment of post-medieval lead cloth-seal, undecorated. 21 x 12mm. 17th-18th century.

NMS-B6D546: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, circular, diameter 20.5mm. A privy mark SB with conjoined XX at base, cf. Egan 1994, fig. 32, nos. 239 and 241// -. Late 16th - 18th century. Field T3

NMS-F9DEEB: CLOTH SEAL
Post-Medieval lead cloth seal, fragment of large letter A (lacking a cross-bar, possibly for mixed linen-warp and cotton weft fabrics from Augsberg, Germany) // illegible. 3mm thick. Diam.18mm. Cf. Egan (1994) nos.308-10. 16th/early 17th century. (Finder's no.TT0198)

An incompletelead cloth seal of Post-Medieval date. The seal is atwo disc type which were joined by an integral central strip and sealed by compressing a central rivet. The front of the seal bears the raised design of the letter "A" the chevron crossbar of which remains clear. The reverse depicts a pinecone or thistle device.The 'A' and pinecone design indicates the seal will have originated in Augsburg, Germany as the pinecone is the heradlic badge of the city. It is suggested that such seals were attached to fustians, a variety of heavy cloth woven from cotton and chiefly prepared for menswear, and date to the 16th or 17th century.Lead cloth and bale seals were used in Europe to mark cloth for commercial sale between the 13th and the19th centuries and were part of a system of regulation and quality control. The rivet type of cloth seal was specifically devised for marking commercial textiles (Egan 1994, p.4) and were common from the late 16th century onwards.The seal is 20.32mm in diameter, 3.59mm thick and weighs 5.5g.Similar seals have been recorded on the PAS database as: SOM-83F4E6, SOM-516797, SOM-35D010 and NMS-3780C6. Circa 1500-1700 AD.

NMS-8AEFF7: CLOTH SEAL
3 post-medieval lead two-part cloth seals (1): rivet with remains of privy mark, upright with part of crossbar above bisected O and W // blank (diam.16mm); (2): ... AD / ...NSC / ...LGB // blank (diam.21mm); (3): CP(?) / WIC(?) // PH / CCMD / M...PH. (diam.19mm). Later 16th - early 18th century.

NMS-9DF455: CLOTH SEAL
Post-medieval lead two part cloth seal: crowned heart on anchor flanked by the letters I B within a beaded border // blank. Diameter 18mm. Length 28mm. 17th - 18th century.

NMS-9E35A3: CLOTH SEAL
Incomplete and battered post-medieval lead two-part cloth seal, diameter 16mm. Illegible // arms of Norwich. Late 16th - 17th century.