NMGW-8AD7A1: COIN
Valentinian I AD364-75, bronze, GLORIA ROMANORVM, soldier and captive, //SMAQP = Aquileia LRBC ii 992
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/187950

NMGW-8AEB28: COIN
Constantinopolis revers - Victory on prow, irregular nummus 9mm diameter AD330+
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/187953

NMGW-E7EC47: COIN
Victorinus radiate, Virtus Aug, r. Mint I, much corroded.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/201585

NMGW-4EE498: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 271-274 (Reece Period 13). PAX AVG reverse type, depicting Pax, draped, standing left, holding olive-branch in right hand and sceptre in left hand. Gallic Mint I. Normanby 1477.

NMGW-FC69F2: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, an as of Domitian (AD 81-96), dating to c. AD 85-9 (Reece Period 4), S C, Mars advancing left, holding Victory and trophy. Mint of Rome.

NMGW-9A89B7: COIN
Constantius I, nummus. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. Possibly mint of Lyon. [ ] A// [ ], 3.849g, corroded.

NMGW-DD9436: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, probably of Maximian (AD 286-310), probably dating to AD 290-1 (Reece Period 14), SALVS AVGG, Salus standing right, feeding snake held in arms. Mint of Lyon, Seventh Series. RIC V, pt 2, p. 269, cf. no. 422; Gloucester Hoard (CHRB XIII), p. 107, cf. no. 2042 (23 specimens); Bastien, Le Monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon 285-294, p. 189, cf. no. 410. Worn and pierced. The original record suggested it might have been reused in the Early Mediaeval period.

NMGW-DEB551: COIN
Roman Copper Alloy coin (coin 2). Valens (probably) AD364-78, SECVRITAS REPIPVBLICAE .//SCON (=Arles) I.R.B.C. ii, 502.

NMGW-82F933: COIN
Roman copper alloy, House of Valentinian, GLORIA ROMANORVM, uncertain emperor and mint, c.364-78

NMGW-9A40F3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, Carausius (in Britain), c.AD 286-93 (Reece Period 14), PAX AVG, Pax standing left with branch and vertical sceptre. Unattributed Mint, . Radiate, Rev. PAX AVG, unsigned, RIC V, pt 2, p. 535, cf. 881, 2.99g. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-96B191: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, radiate of Carausius (AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), HILAR[ITAS AVG], Hilaritas standing left with branch and cornucopiae. Unattributed Mint. RIC V, pt 2, p. 530, 803 var (803 is cuirassed). 3.490g. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-970783: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, Carausius (AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), PAX AVG, Pax standing left holding branch and vertical sceptre. London, [B E or S P// MLX]XI. cf.RIC V, pt 2, p. 471, no. 98, 2.247g. This coin has been noted for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-9746B6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin contemporary copy of a nummus of Diocletian, c. 296-297. Prototype: Genio Populi Romani, Trier B (Gamma)//TR, cf. RIC VI, p. 182, no. 183a. 10.55g, struck counterfeit.

NMGW-9922A7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a phoenix standing right on a rocky mound. Probably mint of Trier. RIC VIII Trier 226ff. 1.350g

NMGW-994341: COIN
A copper alloy nummus of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a phoenix, radiate, standing right on globe. Mint of Trier. RIC VIII, p. 154, no. 234. 2.043g

NMGW-995541: COIN
Roman Copper Alloy Coin, Valentinian I bronze Gloris Romanorum Arles OF III . // CON LRBC ii, 487 1.747g

Roman Copper Alloy Coin, House of Valentinian bronze Gloria Romanorum uncertain, 2.070g

NMGW-B91647: COIN
Roman Copper Alloy Coin. Mid 2nd Century (?) As or Dupondius. Uncertain.

NMGW-99EBE7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Corroded & pierced, possibly from secondary usage during the Early Medieval period

NMGW-9E4724: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans (AD 337-50) or Constantius II (337-61) Nummus GLORIA EXERCITVS; Two soldiers, one standard M//[TRPU] - Trier, c. early 340's

NMGW-2CEAC8: COIN
Roman copper alloy Roman as of Vespasian (AD 69-79), dating to the period AD 69-79 (Reece Period 4). AEQVITAS AVGVSTI reverse type, depicting Aequitas standing left, holding scales and rod. Probably mint of Rome.

NMGW-2D0457: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy cast contemporary copy of a Roman as of Domitian (AD 81-96), dating to the period AD 85-96 (Reece Period 4). Uncertain reverse type. Copying mint of Rome.

NMGW-2D0F36: COIN
A copper alloy Roman as of Hadrian (AD 117-138), dating to the period AD 121-122 (Reece Period 6). P M TR P COS III S C FORT RED reverse type, depicting Fortuna, draped, seated left on low seat, holding rudder on ground in right hand and cornucopiae in left. Mint of Rome. RIC II, Hadrian 617.

NMGW-2E6C15: COIN
A copper alloy probable nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 330-402 . Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

Poland, Sigismund August (1547-72), four groschen for Lithuania; 1567 Presumably passed as a sixpence

NMGW-7C4C37: COIN
Contemporary copy of a copper alloy as of Gaius (Caligula) (AD 37-41) (Reece Period 1), commemorating Marcus Agrippa, S C, Neptune standing left, holding dolphin and trident. Prototype Mint of Rome. RIC I, p. 112, cf. no. 58.

NMGW-7D2077: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint.

NMGW-7FDDE7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (maiorina) of Magnentius (AD 350-353), dating to the period AD 350-353. FELICITAS REI PVBLICE reverse type, depicting Magnentius, draped, cuirassed, standing left, holding Victory on globe in right hand and standard with Chi-Rho on banner in left hand. Mint of Trier. RIC VIII, p. 258, no. 264.

NMGW-A4BA66: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius, very corroded but probably Trajan (AD98-117)

NMGW-A4D601: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probus (AD276-82) radiate; probably Ticinum mint; reverse: perhaps PAX AVGVSTI

NMGW-A61CF1: COIN
House of Valentinian AD364-78 GLORIA ROMANORVM

NMGW-A70171: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Carausius (AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), VIRTVS [AVG], Mars standing right holding spear and leaning on shield. Probably unmarked. RIC V, pt 2, p. 544, cf. 1038. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW3120: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type. Possibly mint of Trier. Details not recorded. Original record: "Constantinopolis, Wolf & Twins, mint uncertain (Trier?) c.AD330-5." This could indicated this coin is a mule with the obverse of CONSTANTINOPOLIS with the reverse of VRBS ROMA.

NMGW3121: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantius II (AD 323-361) as Caesar (AD 323-337), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW3122: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus possibly of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier spearing a fallen horseman. Unclear mint. Details not recorded. Original record: "Reduced size, mid 350s or contemporary copy."

Uncertain. This could be a very worn/corroded as or dupondius from the middle to late 1st century AD.

Maximinus II AD309-13. Nummus, GENIO POP ROM T F// PTR. Trier c.310-13. RIC VI Tr.845e.

A Roman copper-alloy nummus of Constans or Constantius II dating to the period AD 347 to 348 (Reece period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN reverse type depicting two Victories holding wreaths. Mint unclear.

Valentinian I AD 364-75. SECURITAS REIPVBLICAE. Uncertain mint.

Valentinian I AD 364-75. AE3. SECVRITAS REPVBLICAE. Uncertain mint

Valens AD 364-78. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE. Uncertain mint

Valentinian I AD 364-75. GLORIA ROMANORVM. Minted at Siscia

Marcus Aurelius, sestertius, weight 23.53grams (AD165). Providentia TR[POT XIX I]MP II COS III, RIC906, worn.

Roman empire. House of Theodosius I. Bronze: [SAL]VS REI[PVBLICAE]. Victory dragging captive. After AD388, perhaps contemporary imitation.

Roman empire, Constans or Constantius II. 1/2 Maiorina Fel Temp Reparatio, Phoenix (not Visible) on a globe. C.AD348-50

Theodora (2nd wife of Constantius I), commemorative issue nummus c.AD337-40. Rev: PAX PVBLICA. Trier mint, weight 1.4g

Roman empire, House of Valentinian I, bronze, uncertain mint. Rev: SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE figure of Victory left. AD364-78. Weight 1.5 grams

Nero (AD54-68) dupondius, Lyon mint, VICTORIA AVGVSTI (RIC 2nd edition 449?). Weight 10.42grams.

Vespasian (AD69-79) dupondius or As, uncertain reverse: ?SPES or FIDES. Worn , weight 10.68grams.

Marcus Aurelius (AD161-80) dupondius, Rome mint. Reverse: IMP[..] Jupiter seated (early 170s). Well worn, weight 12.96grams.

Possibly a heavily corroded and worn, Roman, copper alloy as of the late first or early second century. Unfortunately, the condition of the coin precludes a more certain or precise identification. Weight 4.5 grams

Possibly a heavily corroded and worn, Roman, copper alloy as of the late first or early second century. Unfortunately, the condition of the coin precludes a more certain or precise identification. Weight 3.2grams

Copper farthing of George IV. The date is illegible, 1826-1830. The coin is heavily worn and corroded.

A copper alloy Roman contemporary copy of a nummus (maiorina) of Constantius II (AD 337-361), dating to AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depictinga soldier advancing left, spearing fallen horseman type. Copying uncertain mint.

A copper alloy Roman nummus probably of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

Possible Sestertius. Heavily abraded surface prevents a more detailed identification.

Possible Dupondius. Heavily abraded surface prevents a more detailed identification.

House of Valentinian I. Bronze. SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE type c. AD364-78.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Gratian (AD 367-383), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI reverse type, depicting the Emperor, head left, standing facing, holding labarum in right hand and resting left on shield. Mint of Arles. Details not recorded.

Two copper alloy Roman nummi of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Mint of Lyon. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 364-375 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 364-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standards and dragging a captive. Mint of Lyon. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 364-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Mint of Siscia. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 364-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding standard and dragging captive. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

Constantinopolis nummus. Victory on prow. Trier mint c.AD330-5

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350) as Caesar (AD 333-337), dating to the period AD 335-337 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Mint of Trier. Details not recorded.

House of Constantine. VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN type. Constans, Trier mint ~ AD340-8

House of Constantine. VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN type. Constantius, uncertain mint ~ AD340-8

House of Constantine. VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN type. Irregular ~ AD340-8

House of Constantine. Contemporary imitation. GLORIA EXERCITVS / 1 Standard type c.AD335+

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type.Copying mint of Lyon.

Three copper alloy contemporary copies of nummi of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting soldier spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint. Details not recorded.

Julian, Caesar AD355-61. Bronze SPES REIPVBLICAE. Uncertain mint

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 313-315 (Reece Period 15). SOLI INVICTO COMITI reverse type, depicting Sol, radiate, chlamys draped across left shoulder, standing left, raising right hand and holding globe or whip in left hand. Mint of Trier. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Mint of Arles. Details not recorded.

Uncertain - probably a 17th or 18th century farthing

A copper alloy probable Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy nummus of an uncertain ruler, probably dating to the period AD 330-378. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded. Original record: "Mid 4th century coin. Dates: 320-380.".

A dupondius of Claudius I AD 41-54. Ceres Augusta Type Robert Kenyon, following on from the work by the French scholars P-A. Besombes and M. Bompaire (in Trésors Monétaires XXI, 2005), is working through the British examples of Claudian coinage recorded through the PAS assigning many so-called Claudian contemporary copies to Roman auxiliary mints which operated at Lyons (Gaul) and in Spain. This example could not be attributed to a mint.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350) or Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 343-348 (Reece Period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGG QNN reverse type, depicting two Victories standing facing each other, each holding a wreath. Mint of Lyon. Details not recorded.

A sestertius of Faustina II, struck under Marcus Aurelius and dating to the period AD 161 to 175. VENVS VICTRIX reverse. Rome mint. RIC III, p. 348, no. 1688.

Gratian AD367-83. Bronze GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI. Arles mint.

NMGW-A07A54: COIN
Gratian AD367-83. Bronze GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI. Arles mint.

NMGW-A0AB83: COIN
Gratian AD367-83. Bronze GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI. Arles mint.

NMGW-A0C621: COIN

NMGW-75D9F4: COIN
Four copper alloy Roman radiates of Victorinus (AD 269-271), dating to the period AD 269-271 (Reece Period 13). 1 PAX AVG reverse type depicting Pax standing left, holding olive-branch in right hand and sceptre in left hand, and 3 INVICTVS reverse types, depicting Sol, walking left, raising right hand and holding whip in left hand. Gallic Mint I.

NMGW-761A88: COIN
Four copper alloy Roman radiates of Victorinus (AD 269-271), dating to the period AD 269-271 (Reece Period 13). 1 PAX AVG reverse type depicting Pax standing left, holding olive-branch in right hand and sceptre in left hand, and 3 INVICTVS reverse types, depicting Sol, walking left, raising right hand and holding whip in left hand. Gallic Mint I.

NMGW-763FE8: COIN
Uncertain (Gallic) radiate

NMGW-B04712: COIN
Irregular radiates

NMGW-B07401: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantius I (AD 293-305) or Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 293-337. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-340), dating to the period AD 325-326 (Reece Period 16). PROVIDENTIAE CAESS reverse type, depicting a camp gate with two turrets, without doors; star above. Mint of Trier. Probably RIC VII, Treveri, 463. Details not recorded.

NMGW-B0BC04: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 335-337 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-B0E3D2: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), probably dating to the period AD 350-360 (Reece Period 18). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

Two copper alloy Roman nummi of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Victory on prow [CONSTANTINOPOLIS] reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

Three copper alloy Roman nummi of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-B13DF7: COIN
Five copper alloy Roman nummi of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 335-340 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-B16C07: COIN
Three copper alloy Roman nummi of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 343-348 (Reece Period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN reverse type, depicting two Victories standing facing each other, each holding a wreath. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Magnentius (AD 350-353), dating to the period AD 350-353 (Reece Period 18). FELICITAS REI PVBLICE reverse type, depicting Magnentius, draped, cuirassed, standing left, holding Victory on globe in right hand and standard with Chi-Rho on banner in left hand. Mint of Trier. RIC VIII Treveri 266.

NMGW-B19E52: COIN
Four copper alloy Roman nummi of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 350-360 (Reece Period 18). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-B1B397: COIN
Three copper alloy Roman nummi of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Unclear mint. Details not recorded. The coins were originally recorded as Valentinian I but were given the dates AD 364-378. The updated record therefore puts the issuer as the House of Valentinian.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Gratian (AD 367-383), dating to the period AD 375-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

A fragment of a copper alloy Roman nummus probably of Valentinian II (AD 375-392), dating to the period AD 375-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-B36B66: COIN
Two copper alloy Roman nummi of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-478 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-B37B24: COIN
Roman copper alloy nummus of Arcadius.

Seven copper alloy Roman coins, probably radiates or nummi of uncertain rulers, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-F4B031: COIN
House of Valentinian, probably Valens

NMGW-4B0D35: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 271-274 (Reece Period 13). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-58FA62: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a radiate (barbarous radiate) of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-590FF3: COIN
A copper alloy Roman coin of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-341 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two or one standard. Possibly mint of Lyon. Details not recorded.

Copper alloy nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-78) (Reece Period 19), SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE, VIctory left

NMGW-5949E5: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded. Original record dates coin to AD c. 200-400 and does not specify denomination.

NMGW-DA7C26: COIN
Roman Copper Alloy Coin. CONSTANTINE I AD 306-37. Nummus, SOLI INVICTO COMITI S F // PLN = London, c.313-4. RIC VII Lon.13

NMGW-E12DF6: COIN
A copper alloy Roman probable radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-600A46: COIN
A copper alloy Roman contemporary copy of a nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18).FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint.

NMGW-6049B6: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Theodosius (AD 378-402), dating to the period AD 388-402 (Reece Period 21). VICTORIA AVGGG reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint.

NMGW-F1D661: COIN
A 2nd century AD Roman sestertius. Unfortunately the detail has been lost through harsh cleaning.

NMGW-2CF500: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin. Constantine I AD 306-37. Nummus SOLI INVICTO COMITI. TFII PLN = London c.316-17 RIC VII Lon 88

NMGW-129EC5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, a Q-Radiate of Allectus (AD 293-6) (Reece Period 14), VIRTVS AVG, Galley left with mast, cabin and four rowers; waves. Mint of London, QL. RIC V. pt 2, p. 563, no. 55. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummu (Maiorina) of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting the emperor standing left on a galley. Mint of Lyon or Trier.

Roman, copper alloy sestertius of Maximinus I (AD 235-8), dating to AD 235-6 (Reece Period 11), VICTORIA AVG S C, VIctory advancing right, holding wreath and palm. Mint of Rome. RIC IV, pt 2, p. 145, no. 67; BMC VI, p. 234, cf. no. 27. The bust is unclear, but it appears to be of the style of the AD 235 issue.

NMGW-27FBD7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (half maiorina) of Constans (AD 333-350) or Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting Phoenix on rock. Unclear mint.

NMGW-F11EF6: COIN
Roman Copper Alloy Coin. LICINIUS I (Inscribed on obverse) AD. 308-24. Nummus. GENIO POP ROM (inscribed on reverse) SF//PLN = London c.313-14. RIC Vii, Lon 3

NMGW-F228A0: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Mint of Siscia. LRBC ii,1414

NMGW-F36E27: COIN
Roman brass/copper alloy dupondius of Trajan AD 98-117. . Uncertain reverse perhaps a cast counterfeit. Worn.

NMGW-3E4546: COIN
Iron Age Copper Alloy Coin. Contemporary 'forgery' of a gow starter of 'ANTED' (doburnic). 1st century BC, weighing 4.10g.

NMGW-CAA858: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Magnus Maximus (AD 383-388), dating to the period AD 387-388 (Reece Period 20). SPES ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting a camp gateway with two towers. Mint of Trier.

NMGW-CC0727: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (half maiorina) of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depticting a phoenix on a globe. Mint of Trier.

NMGW-8C78D5: COIN
Carausius in Britain 'aurelianus' radiate dating to c. AD286/7-93. It is inscribed PROVID AVGGG and bears the mintmark SP//C denoting the C mint whose location is unknown.

NMGW-CB7A62: COIN
An Irish James II copper halfpenny dating to 1686.

NMGW-A02144: COIN
Copper alloy radiate of Carausius (AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), PROVID AVGGG, Providentia with globe and cornucopiae. C Mint, SP//C. The obverse legend is illegible, but longer than the standard version. This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-F28272: COIN
Constantine I nummus inscribed SOLI INVICTO COMITI T F //PLN. It was therefore minted in London (LN) in c. 310AD.

NMGW-F29975: COIN
Fragment of a Honorius (393-423) silver siliqua inscribed VIRTVS ROMANORVM. It was minted in Milan c. 395-402AD. RIC X 1228. Apparently unclipped.

NMGW-3CB535: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (maiorina) of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting the emperor in a galley. Mint of Trier.

NMGW-3CEE62: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (maiorina) of Magnentius or Decentius (AD 350-353), dating to AD 350-353 (Reece Period 18). SALVS DD NN AVG ET CAE(S) reverse type, depicting a chi-rho with alpha and omega on either side. Unclear mint.

NMGW-EE2BD6: COIN
A copper alloy post-medieval love token made from a halfpenny of William III to George III dating to 1695-1772. Almost all details of the original coin have been worn away, but it is possible to see a faint outline of the bust on the obverse. At the centre of the obverse is engraved an A with a heart above it. The token was found with two lead alloy discs.

NMGW-7D68A8: COIN
A copper alloy as of Philip I (AD 244-249 AD) (Reece Period 12), FIDES MILITVM S C, Fides standing left, holding sceptre and transverse standard. Mint of Rome. RIC IV, pt 3, p. 90, no. 173b. The coin weighs 8.70g.

A Roman sestertius, probably bearing Marcus Aurelius as Caesar, sestertius struck during the reign of Antoninus Pius (AD 138-61) in Rome. It has an uncertain reverse and is worn and corroded.

3 copper alloy Roman nummi of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. The mints are unclear.

NMGW-25FE95: COIN
3 copper alloy Roman nummi of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. The coins were struck at the Siscia mint.

2 copper alloy Roman nummi of Constantius Gallus (AD 351-354), dating to the period AD 353-354 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. One coin was struck at the Siscia mint and the other is uncertain.

Roman sestertius of the mid-2nd century. It is heavily worn and is therefore otherwise uncertain.

NMGW-8AE557: COIN
A Roman Diva Faustina sestertius struck in Rome. Faustina, the wife of Antoninus Pius, died in 140 AD and was deified in 141 AD, so this coin dates to 141 AD at the earliest. It is inscribed AVGVSTA on the reverse and depicts Ceres standing facing left holding two torches. The coin is worn and weighs 18.62g.

A copper alloy nummus of Crispus (AD 317-326), dating to AD 320-1 (Reece Period 16), (VIRTVS EXERCIT, two captives seated under trophy). Mint unclear. [Original record suggested Mint of Lyon or irregular - mintmark is unclear, and coin is probably regular]

NMGW-F5B7B0: COIN
A copper alloy Roman probable radiate of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-296. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-860BE7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type. Mint of Trier. Details not recorded.

NMGW-19DC82: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type. Mint of Trier. Details not recorded.

NMGW-2C8D72: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type. Mint of Trier. Details not recorded.

NMGW-2CB8A1: COIN

NMGW-2CD725: COIN

NMGW-2CE866: COIN
Nummus

NMGW-2D01A1: COIN
Nummus of Constantine I

NMGW-2D2F82: COIN
Carausius, usurper in Britain

NMGW-95AB75: COIN
Carausius, usurper in Britain

NMGW-95BAF2: COIN
Carausius, usurper in Britain

NMGW-95C762: COIN

NMGW-95D542: COIN
3 x halfpennies of George III

3 x halfpennies of George III

Probably a farthing of Charles II (1660-1685 )with uncertain counter mark.

NMGW-9A9FF6: COIN
Copper-alloy sestertius of Clodius Albinus as Caesar (AD 193-5), dating to c. AD 194-5 (Reece Period 10), FORT REDVCI COS II S C, Fortuna seated left holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae; beneath chair, wheel. Mint of Rome. Obverse legend and type not provided in original record. RIC IV, pt 1, p. 52, cf. no. 53

Roman Tiberius AD 14-37 denarius, Rome Pontif Maxim (The type known as the tribute penny)

NMGW-9BD715: COIN
Corroded and worn Sestertius, mid 2nd century, but uncertain ruler.

NMGW-9BF727: COIN
Roman Sestertius, late 1st or 2nd century AD, highly corroded.

NMGW-9BF721: COIN
Late 1st or 2nd century AD, highly corroded.

NMGW-9C40B5: COIN
Bronze. Mint illegible, but long signature (Aquileria?Siscia?)

NMGW-AAAF04: COIN
Farthing Token

NMGW-AC5716: COIN
Constans/Constantius II

NMGW-AD2138: COIN
Commemorative

NMGW-AD5B02: COIN
Constans/Constantius II

NMGW-AD7005: COIN
Constans/Constantius II

NMGW-AD81A7: COIN

NMGW-AD9792: COIN

NMGW-ADA907: COIN
Irregular. Fel Temp - soldier and fallen horseman.

NMGW-2A44B1: COIN
Louis XIV, France - piece de 6 deniers, 1710-12 La Rochelle or Montpellier [france]

NMGW-40C3F2: COIN
Roman Republican denarius. Metal suggests a contemporary copy (core of plated coin).

NMGW-40F5A1: COIN
Roman Republican denarius. Metal suggests a contemporary copy (core of plated coin).

NMGW-44F010: COIN
Licensed Farthing

Nummus

NMGW-59F287: COIN
Licensed Farthing

NMGW-98BD34: COIN
Sestertius

Type with Roma seated holding cornucopia; is more likely to be Marcus Aurelius. There is no sestertius of AD 173-4 similar to this; but hard to be precise with a coin like this.

NMGW-98EF71: COIN
Probable copper alloy sestertius of Septimius Severus. Liberalitas reverse. Badly corroded and much of the surface detail has been lost.

A copper alloy Roman probable nummus of an uncertain ruler, probably dating to the 4th century. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded. No original surface survives.

NMGW-D357F1: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350) or Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-3C3490: COIN
Sestertius. Uncertain 1st-2nd century.

Denarius

A copper alloy Roman nummus off Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 321-323 (Reece Period 16). BEATA TRANQVILLITAS reverse type, depicting a globe on altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; above, three stars. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-6A3DF3: COIN
Farthing of George I

NMGW-BBB647: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 271-274 (Reece Period 13). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-BBCBA4: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350) or Constantius II (323-61), dating to the period AD 343-348 (Reece Period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN reverse type, depicting two Victories standing facing each other, each holding a wreath. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-BBE951: COIN
Bronze c.AD364-78

NMGW-EAAB41: COIN
Victorinus in Gaul

NMGW-920C02: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to AD 321 (Reece Period 16). BEATA TRANQVILLITAS reverse type, depicting a globe on an altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; above, three stars. Mint of Trier. RIC VII, p. 190, no. 303.

NMGW-B93D68: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to AD 321 (Reece Period 16). BEATA TRANQVILLITAS reverse type, depicting a globe on an altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; above, three stars. Mint of Trier. RIC VII, p. 190, no. 303.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to AD 321 (Reece Period 16). BEATA TRANQVILLITAS reverse type, depicting a globe on an altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; above, three stars. Mint of Trier. RIC VII, p. 190, no. 303.

NMGW-B97FE3: COIN

Cast counterfeit in base metal

NMGW-B9C421: COIN
Cast counterfeit in base metal

NMGW-BA2252: COIN

NMGW-BA2FB1: COIN

NMGW-BA3C56: COIN
Barbarous radiate (minted in Britain or Gaul) in style of Tetricus II

NMGW-BA4C24: COIN
Barbarous radiate (minted in Britain or Gaul) in style of Tetricus II

NMGW-BA6384: COIN
Copper alloy nummus of Crispus (AD 317-26), dating to c. AD 324 (Reece Period 16), CAESARVM NOSTRORVM, VOT X in wreath. Mint of London. RIC VII, p. 115, no. 291

NMGW-BA7DC3: COIN
Nummus of constans (probably as Caesar between 335-7)

NMGW-BA8F56: COIN
constans as Augustus

constans as Augustus

Tetricus I in Gaul

NMGW-227BA4: COIN
Tetricus I in Gaul

Constantius II nummus

Roman Empire, 'radiate' of Tetricus II (in Gaul)

Roman copper-alloy nummus. Reverse type of AD 348-350.

NMGW-CB5EB0: COIN
Roman copper-alloy nummus. Reverse type of AD 348-350.

NMGW-CB77F6: COIN
Probably Valerian I, a late issue

NMGW-CB87A7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-341 (Reece Period 17). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-CB9DC0: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-341 (Reece Period 17). Uncertain reverse type. Mint of Trier. Details not recorded.

NMGW-CBA5F4: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 335-341 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-CBB0B1: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-341 (Reece Period 17). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

NMGW-CBB778: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-341 (Reece Period 17). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Details not recorded.

Two concreted 2nd century AD Sesterii from a hoard of three Roman coins, probably lost in the 3rd century AD.

NMGW-E31393: COIN
Two concreted 2nd century AD Sesterii from a hoard of three Roman coins, probably lost in the 3rd century AD.

NMGW-E32497: COIN
Two concreted 2nd century AD Sesterii from a hoard of three Roman coins, probably lost in the 3rd century AD.

NMGW-E35950: COIN

NMGW-E948A6: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales.'Dwotrgis' Plated stater

NMGW-E96E21: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales.'Trinovantes' annonymous, but attributed to Tasciovaranus

NMGW-E9F342: COIN
Constantine II as Caesar; Mimmus as

NMGW-EA2217: COIN
Constantius II Augustus; Maiorina

Belgic Gaul coin, attributed to the Remi, Cast bronze 'potin'

NMGW-A39455: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Wismar City coinage: silver dreiling [germany]

NMGW-F54DF1: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales

NMGW-F5A827: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Possible Radiate of Claudius II.

NMGW-F5D497: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales.

NMGW-F60D66: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales.

NMGW-F624F1: COIN
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales.

NMGW-F62F93: COIN

NMGW-F66364: COIN

NMGW-F681F3: COIN

NMGW-F7A0F8: COIN

NMGW-F7A774: COIN

NMGW-F7D2E1: COIN

NMGW-F7F2B4: COIN

NMGW-F80B17: COIN

NMGW-F812E0: COIN

NMGW-F818C6: COIN

NMGW-248BB3: COIN

NMGW-249FB5: COIN
Possibly an irregular Constantius II, Fel Temp Reparatio, 'Fallen horseman' type.

NMGW-24AAC8: COIN
Possibly an irregular Constantius II, Fel Temp Reparatio, 'Fallen horseman' type.

Possibly an irregular Constantius II, Fel Temp Reparatio, 'Fallen horseman' type.

NMGW-24CB76: COIN

NMGW-24CFE2: COIN

NMGW-C96091: COIN
Radiate of Claudius II

NMGW-C979A6: COIN
Radiate of Claudius II

NMGW-C98073: COIN
Radiate of Claudius II

NMGW-B5E532: COIN
A copper alloy possible contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-340), dating to AD 336 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Mint of Lyon. RIC VII, p. 141, no. 276. Original record: Constantine II, Caesar; Nummus, standard type, minted in Lyon but possibly irregular.

NMGW-CC8B11: COIN
House of Constantine Nummus

Roman Empire; Sestertius. Likely to be Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-80) Or Commodus AD181-93). Reverse depicts Salus holding a patera to a snake rising from the alter (right hand) and a long sceptre (left hand). Obverse is corroded.

Irregular radiate, HILARITAS AVGG type of Tetricus I

Constantine I nummus

Constantinopolis nummus, probably irregular

NMGW-3BCBD4: COIN
Constantine I, half nummus.

NMGW-79E2C2: COIN
A nummus from the reign of Helena dating to AD 324-5.

NMGW-8CE673: COIN
Gallienus, Sole reign AD 260-268; radiate

NMGW-8CFA53: COIN
Irregular 'radiate'; uncertain prototypes.

nummus of Constantine II as Caesar

NMGW-8D13D4: COIN
Roman copper-alloy nummus, probably of Fausta, wife of Constantine I.

Constans bronze

NMGW-8ED223: COIN
A bronze gratian dating to 367-83.

NMGW-8EF7B1: COIN
House of Valentinian bronze coin of the Gloria-Romanorum type, dating to c.364-78

NMGW-8FA0C8: COIN
A bronze House of Valentinian coin of the Secvritas Reipublicae type, dating to AD 364-78.

NMGW-9F4F37: COIN
A Roman copper-alloy nummus of Constans dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type depicting a phoenix on a globe. Mint of Trier.

NMGW-9FE782: COIN
A House of Theodosius bronze coin daring to c. AD 388-95.

House of Valentinian bronze coin dating to c. AD 364-78.

NMGW-A017B1: COIN
2 Valentinianic bronze coins of Gloria Romanorvm reverse type, dating to c. AD 364-78.

NMGW-A02EA3: COIN
Nine late 3rd-4th century Roman coins, all unidentifiable.

NMGW-B7E003: COIN
Salonina, wife of Gallieinus 'radiate', minted in Rome.

NMGW-B7EFC1: COIN
Roman irregular radiate 'minim'

NMGW-B7F9B1: COIN
Roman nummus of Maximinus

Roman Empire, Constantine II

NMGW-D0B7B8: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman coin of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint. It measures 7mm in diameter.

NMGW-D0DB93: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Gratian AD 367-383, dating to the period AD 367-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI reverse type, depicting Gratian standing facing, holding standard and shield. Mint of Arles.

Gallienus radiate minted in Rome and dating to 260-8AD. It bears the inscription LIBERO.P.CONS AVG and depicts a panther or tigress on the reverse.

Aurelian radiate dating to AD 270-275. Minted in Milan, issue number 2. It bears the inscription PIETAS AVG and depicts the emperor and Pietas.

NMGW-F454FA: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I In Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate, cast counterfeit SPES PVBLICA 16.5mm, 1.10g

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, Arles SOLI INVICTO COMITI; Sol //TARL RIC VII Arl. 40 (c. 313 - 5)

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advanding right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Mint of Arles. LRBC ii 513 1.81g

NMGW-F4E908: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus in Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate SLVS AVG; standing right holding snake 1.25g, incomplete

NMGW-F4FDEE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus (c. AD 330-5) GLORIA EXERCITVS; two-standrd type Emperor and mint uncertain 0.98g, cut down

NMGW-F5242D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus, sole reign (AD 260-8) radiate, Rome (c. 267-8) IOVI CONS AVG; goat facing left //S RIC 207; Cunetio 1370 3.11g

NMGW-06FAFB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Caracalla Augustus (AD 198-217) denarius, base metal counterfeit Rev: PART MAX[ ]; Trophy and captives 2.28g

NMGW-08493E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus GLORIA EXERCITVS; two soldiers, two standards; probably irregular (c. AD 330-40) 1.37g, corroded

NMGW-08AB0F: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus (c. AD 335-40) GLORIA EXERCITVS; two soldiers, two standards Uncertain emperor and mint 0.68g, corroded

NMGW-08BB33: COIN
Roman coper alloy coin Claudius II (AD 268-70) radiate, Rome MARS VLTOR; Marsfacing right 1.52g, corroded

NMGW-08CB33: COIN
Roman coper alloy coin Helena nummus, commemorative issue (c. AD 337-40) PAX PVBLICA Probably Trier mint 1.39g, corroded

NMGW-08DFAA: COIN
Roman coper alloy coin Tetricus I in Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate LAETITIA AVG[N or G]; Laetitia standing, facing left 2.04g, corroded

Roman coper alloy coin Theodora nummus, commemorative issue (c. AD 337-40) PIETAS ROMANA Probably Trier mint 0.97g, corroded

Roman coper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: Victory on prow; uncertain mint 1.80g, corroded

Roman coper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus, probably irregular (c. AD 330-40) Reverse: Victory on prow 14mm, 1.69g, corroded

Roman coper alloy coin Helena nummus, commemorative issue (c. AD 337-40) PAX PVBLICA //TRP[-] = Trier mint 1.14g, corroded

NMGW-43B98C: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian II (AD 375-392), dating to the period AD 388-392 (Reece Period 21). VICTORIA AVGGG reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint, probably Arles or Lyon. 1.08g

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victoryadvancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. 2.42g, corroded

NMGW-4563FA: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint. 12mm, 0.90g

NMGW-4573AE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, probably a radiate of Allectus (AD 293-6). Reverse: Possibly PROVIDENTIA AVG; uncertain mint 3.34g, corroded. This coin is too poorly preserved to be included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-45858F: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Mint of Arles. LRBC ii 528. 2.23g

NMGW-466CE5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin 'Constantine I' irregular nummus Reverse: GLORIA EXERCITVS, two standards type, 'Trier' (//TRS) c. AD 330-345 14mm, 1.24g

Roman copper alloy coin Constans Augustus (AD 337-50) nummus, Trier VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN E //(TR.) RIC VIII Tr. 201 (c. AD 340-9) 1.23g

NMGW-465DE6: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Mint of Arles. LRBC ii 527. 2.03g

NMGW-467DA5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Vespasian (AD 69-79) as, Rome AEQVITAS AVGVSTI RIC 482 (head to right on obverse) 8.45g, worn

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19), SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. 1.96g

NMGW-472C3B: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 364-367 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding standard and dragging captive. Mint of Aquileia. LRBC ii 992 2.57g

Roman copper alloy nummus of Constantine I (AD 307-37), AD 313-315 (Reece Period 15). Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI. Mint of Trier. RIC VII, p. 168, no. 42. 2.68g, worn

Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius of late 1st or early 2nd century AD date 18.73g, corroded

NMGW-49A25B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Contemporary counterfeit, probably a sestertius copying Trajan (AD 98-117) Reverse Type: probably SPES 7.20g, Corroded

NMGW-59C7C8: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus, sole reign (AD 260-8) radiate, Rome MARTI PACIFERO A-//-- RIC 236; Cunetio 1149 1.39g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Corroded remains of a probable 2nd century sestertius 9.31g

NMGW-6F3D1E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius of Trajan (AD98-117) 11.48g, corroded

NMGW-6F4F5C: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably a sestertius, otherwise uncertain plus two other uncertain ?sestertii

Roman copper alloy coin Probably a sestertius, otherwise uncertain plus two other uncertain ?sestertii

NMGW-73B7B0: COIN
Post medieval copper alloy coin Elizabeth I (155-1603) penny for Ireland dated 1601 1.29g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin, plated counterfeit denarius Possibly an obverse of Domitian Rev. Insc.: [IM]P XIX Rev. Desc.: Modius and corn ears (reverse of Vespasian RIC 110 (AD 77-8) Diam.: 17.3mm, weight: 1.8g

Roman copper alloy coin Dupondius of Trajan (AD98-117) 10.73g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius of mid-2nd century date, uncertain emperor 17.23g, corroded

NMGW-98B1DC: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Radiate of mid-3rd century date Possibly a late issue of Postumus (AD260-9) Rev.: Possibly PAX AVG 2.00g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, SARMATIA DEVICTA Possibly London mint (c. 323-4) 2.16g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Helena commemorative nummus (c. 337-40) PAX PVBLICA Possibly Trier mint 1.21g, corroded

NMGW-991BFF: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-78), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding standard and dragging captive. Unclear mint. 2.34g, corroded

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Unclear mint. 1.55g, corroded

NMGW-99D5C4: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I in Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate PVES PVBICA Cunetio 2583/5 Elmer 764/7 1.61g, corroded

NMGW-E35FC5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Claudius II (AD 268-70) radiate, Rome VIRTVS AVG RIC 109; Cunetio 1970 1.99g

Roman copper alloy coin Claudius II (AD 268-70) radiate, Rome PROVID AVG RIC 88; Cunetio 2176 2.39g

NMGW-E37FC8: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Divus Claudius II (c. AD 270) radiate, Rome Reverse: [CONSECRATIO] altar 2.28g

NMGW-E3A293: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Divus Claudius II (c. AD 270) radiate, Rome Reverse: [CONSECRATIO] altar 2.28g

NMGW-E3AF80: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus (sole reign, AD 260-8) radiate, Rome SECVRIT PERPET RIC cf. 280; Cunetio 1258 1.54g

NMGW-E3C1B1: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate copying Tetricus I / VIRTVS AVGG Type as Elmer 780 / Cunetio 2618 (c. 275-80) 15.8mm max diam. 2.53g, holed through centre

NMGW-E42C9B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus in Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate, mint I INVICTVS; Sol facing left 1.88g, corroded

NMGW-E45CD5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I in Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate VICTORIA AVG; Victory facing left 2.41g, corroded

NMGW-E46CEB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I in Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate PAX AVG As Elmer 775, Cunetio 2603 0.82g, corroded

NMGW-0BD497: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular radiate; uncertain prototype (c. 275-85) 12mm max diam. (irregular) 0.86g

NMGW-0C3D82: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85) 18mm diam, 2.35g

NMGW-0C4A4B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85) 18mm x 18mm, 2.58g

Roman copper alloy Q-Radiate of Allectus in Britain (AD 293-96) (Reece Period 15), VIRTVS AVG; galley facing left with mast, cabin and 6 rowers; waves. Mint of London, - //QL. RIC V, pt 2, p. 563, no. 55. 2.36g, corroded. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-0CACA4: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin 'Constantine I' nummus VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; two victories Contemporary counterfeit (c. AD 318-20) 1.18g

NMGW-0CC9BE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin 'Constantine I' nummus VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; two victories Contemporary counterfeit (c. AD 318-20) 2.68g

NMGW-0CDF8F: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus VIRTVS EXERCIT; standard and captives Uncertain mint (c. AD 320-1) 1.20g

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, Trier VOT/X / CAESARVM NOSTRORVM in wreath //STR RIC VII Tr. 433 (c. AD 323-4) 2.38g

NMGW-0D3F8C: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Contemporary counterfeit nummus, House of Constantine PROVIDENTIAE AVGG / CAESS; camp gate type Prototype date is c. AD 324-30 1.47g, corroded and chipped

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus SOLI INVICTO COMITI T F // P[ ] Possibly a contemporary cast counterfeit 2.27g, corroded

NMGW-0DB6A0: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, London SOLI INVICTO COMITI T F // PLN RIC VI Lon. 121a (c. AD 310) 3.89g, corroded *patina may suggest the coin was once associated with others

NMGW-0DCD50: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, Arles GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards *//SCONST RIC VII Arles 346 1.76g

NMGW-0DDE19: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantius II Caesar (AD 324-37) nummus, Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards (c. 330-5) //TRS. RIC VII Trier 528 1.52g

NMGW-0DFBFB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards //TR[S] RIC VII Tr. 527 (c. 330-5) 2.58g

NMGW-0E851A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus (c. AD 330-45) Copying GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards type with a left facing bust 13.5mm diam., 1.00g

NMGW-0E9FEC: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Urbs Roma nummus, Siscia (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: wolf and twins //.rSIS RIC VII Sis. 240 2.42g

NMGW-0EBAA2: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Urbs Roma nummus, Siscia (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: wolf and twins //.rSIS RIC VII Sis. 240 1.21g

NMGW-0EC7BF: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Urbs Roma nummus, possibly Trier (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: wolf and twins //[ ].S (possibly) 1.23g, corroded fragment

NMGW-0EE054: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus, Trier (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: Victory on prow //TRI[ ] 1.99g

NMGW-10F33A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus; Constantinopolis / Victory on prow (c. AD 330-45) 15mm diam., 1.13g

Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus; Constantinopolis / Victory on prow (c. AD 330-45) 14.5mm diam., 1.54g

Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus; Constantinopolis / Victory on prow (c. AD 330-45) 13mm diam., 1.17g, incomplete

Roman copper alloy coin Constantius II Aug. (AD 337-61) nummus, Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard (c. 337-40) M//TRPu RIC VIII Trier 108 1.13g

Roman copper alloy coin Constantius II Aug. (AD 337-61) nummus, uncertain mint GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard (c. 337-40) 0.99g

NMGW-11373A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus, House of Constantine GLORIA EXERCITVS, one standard type (c. 335-45) 14mm diam., 1.33g

Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus, House of Constantine GLORIA EXERCITVS, one standard type (c. 335-45) 14mm diam., 0.65g, incomplete

Roman copper alloy coin Helena nummus, probably Trier mint PAX PVBLICA (c. AD 337-40); commemorative issue 1.69g

Roman copper alloy coin Constans / Constantius II nummus, Trier VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories M//[TRP] (c. AD 343-347) 1.05g

Roman copper alloy coin Constans / Constantius II nummus, Trier VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories D//TRP (c. AD 343-347) 1.45g

NMGW-118CCB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans / Constantius II nummus, uncertain mint VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories (c. AD 343-347) 1.34g

Roman copper alloy coin Irregular maiorina Constans / FEL TEMP REPARATIO; galley type 'TRS' (c. AD 348-50) 23mm, 5.24g

NMGW-2056AE: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus (maiorina) of Magnentius or Decentius (AD 350-353), dating to the period AD 350-353 (Reece Period 18). VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE reverse type, depicting two Victories, winged, draped, facing each other, holding between them a wreath inscribed VOT/V/MVLT/X​​. Unclear mint. 1.97g

NMGW-22CC56: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing fallen horseman. Unclear mint. 16mm diam. 1.10g

NMGW-22EBC8: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing fallen horseman. Unclear mint. 12mm diam. 1.05g

NMGW-22FC6D: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing fallen horseman. Unclear mint. 9mm diam. 0.49g

A contemporary copy of a copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing fallen horseman. Unclear mint. 14mm diam. 0.82g

NMGW-231FF8: COIN
A fragment of a copper alloy contemporary copy of a nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Unclear mint. 14mm diam. 0.67g

NMGW-232BAD: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding standard and dragging captive. Mint of Arles. LRBC ii 518 1.63g, chipped

Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE; victory facing left uncertain mint 2.30g

NMGW-23457B: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Mint of Aquileia. LRBC ii 1017 2.07g, chipped

NMGW-23CCCE: COIN
A copper alloy ROman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 364-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding standard and dragging captive. Unclear mint. 2.05g

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding standard and dragging captive. Mint of Arles. 2.43g

NMGW-23FD29: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Valentinian (AD 364-78) bronze GLORIA ROMANORVM; uncertain emperor and mint 2.21g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin House of Valentinian (AD 364-78) bronze GLORIA ROMANORVM; uncertain emperor and mint 1.31g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin House of Valentinian (AD 364-78) bronze GLORIA ROMANORVM; uncertain emperor and mint 0.99g, corroded

NMGW-242F2D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Valentinian I (AD 364-75) bronze SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; victory facing left Uncertain mint 1.86g, corroded and incomplete

NMGW-261E7A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; victory facing left . - //[S]CON (Arles) LRBC ii 502 2.48g

Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE; victory facing left OF - //[ ] (uncertain mint) 1.84g

Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE; victory facing left uncertain mint 1.21g

NMGW-265DE7: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE; victory facing left uncertain mint 2.04g

Roman copper alloy coin Gratian (AD 367-83) bronze, Arles GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI OF II // CON*; LRBC ii 523a 2.32g

Roman copper alloy coin Gratian (AD 367-83) bronze GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI Uncertain mint 2.03g

Roman copper alloy coin Gratian (AD 367-83) bronze GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI Uncertain mint 1.50g, incomplete

NMGW-26ADDA: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Magnus Maximus (AD 383-388), dating to the period AD 383-388 (Reece Period 20). SPES ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting a camp-gate with star between its two turrets. Unclear mint. 1.06g

NMGW-26BBA2: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Theodosius (AD 378-402), dating to the period AD 388-402 (Reece Period 21). VICTORIA AVGG reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint.

NMGW-377CCD: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus, possibly of the House of Theodosius (AD 378-402), possibly dating to the period AD 388-402 (Reece Period 21). Uncertain reverse type, uncertain mint. According to the original recorder, "the bronze suggests House of Theodosius". 1.29g, corroded

NMGW-37A29E: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus, possibly of the House of Theodosius (AD 378-402), possibly dating to the period AD 388-402 (Reece Period 21). Uncertain reverse type, uncertain mint. According to the original recorder, "the bronze suggests House of Theodosius". 1.11g, corroded

Early Medieval silver coin Silver sceatta; Series X; wodan head / monster Danish or perhaps an English copy (c. 700-750) 1.18g, corroded

NMGW-391B9D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably Faustina II sestertius but otherwise uncertain 17.4g, much worn and corroded

NMGW-392C7F: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Cat counterfeit as or dupondius of Faustina II Reverse: CE RES / S C; standing left Type as RIC (M.A.) 1619 4.89g

Post Medieval silver coin James I (1603-25) sixpence, London Second coinage; Privy mark: Rose (and dated 1606) 2.68g, heavily battered

NMGW-7A1C37: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus PROVIDENTIAE AVGG; Camp gate Uncertain mint (c. 322-327) 2.50g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Uncertain but possibly House of Valentinian nummus

NMGW-A19E26: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Crispus, Caesar (AD 317-26) nummus, Lyon VOT/X /CAESARVM NOSTRORVM //PLC RIC VII Lyon 216 (c. 323-4) 2.80g

NMGW-A1B0D1: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Claudius II (AD 268-70) radiate, Milan SPES PVBLICA (//p) Cf RIC 168 Cunetio 2240 2.68g, corroded

NMGW-A2775B: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Arcadius (AD 383-408), dating to the period AD 388-395 (Reece Period 21). VICTORIA AVGG reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left. Uncertain mint. 1.27g, corroded

NMGW-A4C763: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans, Augustus (AD 337-50) nummus, Siscia GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard //BSISU. RIC VIII Sis 100 (c. 337-40) 1.11g

NMGW-A4E60D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantius II Augustus (AD 337-61) nummus, Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard //.TRP RIC VIII Tr. 93 (c. 337-40) 1.94g

NMGW-A4F662: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus (maiorina) of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Unclear mint. 1.07g

NMGW-A50BC6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Valentinian (AD 364-78) SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; otherwise uncertain 1.45g, worn and corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Valentinian I (AD 364-75) bronze, Arles SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE N - //SCON LRBC ii 508 1.89g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze, otherwise uncertain 1.48, corroded and incomplete

NMGW-B459C7: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze, Aquileia SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE A//SMAQP LRBC ii 968 2.38, corroded

NMGW-B46ACB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II (AD 317-37) nummus, Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard //.TR(S). RIC Tr. 591 (c. 335-7) 1.47

Roman copper alloy coin Valentinian I (AD 304-75) bronze, Rome SECVRITAS REIPVLICAE //[S]MQRP LRBC ii 724 2.11g, corroded

NMGW-B49A03: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus; sole reign (AD 260-8) radiate Mint and reverse type uncertain 1.81g, corroded and incomplete

NMGW-B4A9F1: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-78) bronze Lyon SECVRITAS REIPVLICAE OF I/S //LVGP Cf. LRBC ii 344 1.98g, corroded

NMGW-B4BDEC: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Magnus Maximus (AD 383-388), dating to the period AD 383-388 (Reece Period 20). SPES ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting a camp gate with star between its two turrets. Unclear mint. 1.10g

NMGW-B4D0D9: COIN
Roman copper alloy nummus of Arcadius dating to the period AD 388 to 402 (Reece period 21). SALVS REI PVBLICAE reverse type depicting victory going left with standard and captive. Uncertain mint, possibly Rome or Aquileia.

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus (maiorina) of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting the Emperor standing left on galley. Unclear mint. 21mm, 5.57g, corroded

NMGW-B5F928: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus, sole reign (AD 260-8) radiate, probably minted in Rome Reverse, possibly SECVRIT PERPET but possibly irregular 2.20g, corroded

NMGW-C9B2A6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus In Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate VIRTVS AVG Elmer 697; cf. Cunetio 2552 1.76g, corroded

NMGW-C9CE5B: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus (maiorina) of Decentius (AD 350-353), dating to the period AD 350-353 (Reece Period 18). VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE reverse type, depicting two Victories, winged, draped, standing facing each other, holding between them wreath inscribed VOT/V/MVLT/X. Copying mint of Lyon. cf. RIC VIII Lugdunum 137/139/141; LRBC ii 228 18mm, 1.35g corroded

NMGW-C9F37A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Radiate, late Gallic or irregular (c. AD 270-9) 1.04g, corroded

NMGW-CA0854: COIN
A copper alloy possible contemporary copy of a Roman nummus (maiorina) of Magnentius (AD 350-353), dating to the period AD 351-353 (Reece Period 18). VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE reverse type, depicting two Victories, winged, draped, standing facing each other, holding between them wreath inscribed VOT/V/MVLT/X surmounted by ☧. Mint of Lyon. RIC VIII Lugdunum 145​​​​/7; LRBC ii 229/231. The coin was identified by Edward Besly as a contemporary copy. This might be due to it being underweight, but otherwise the coin appears to be official. 20mm, 1.87g

NMGW-CAF3D5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Divus Claudius II (Claudius II (AD 268-70) commemorative) radiate Rome, or possibly irregular Rev.: [CONSECRATIO]; altar 1.51g, corroded

NMGW-CB1C0B: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint. 14mm, 1.42g, corroded

NMGW-CB6D94: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I In Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate, mint I PAX AVG Elmer 775, Cunetio 2603 1.42g, corroded

NMGW-CB8FB0: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Possibly copying a Lyon issue. 13mm, 0.87g, corroded

NMGW-CBA665: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Theodora, commemorative issue (c. AD 337-40) nummus, probably Trier PIETAS ROMANA +//[ ] cf. LRBC I 105 1.29g

NMGW-CBB7D3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I In Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate, mint II VILARITAS AVGG Elmer 789, Cunetio 2648 1.60g, corroded

NMGW-CBC5B3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin As or dupondius, probably 2nd century but otherwise uncertain 6.58g, corroded

NMGW-CBDD9D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, a radiate of Carausius In Britain (c. AD 286-93), PAX AVG, Pax standing left holding branch and vertical sceptre. Obverse shows emperor in consular dress. Unmarked issue or possibly London (-//ML?). cf RIC V, pt 2, nos. 101 & 880 (consular bust right not recorded). 3.17g, corroded. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-CC0114: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus II In Gaul (c. AD 273-4) radiate Uncertain reverse 2.45g, corroded

NMGW-36EEB6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Julia Mamaea; mother of Severus Alexander (AD 222-35) sestertius, Rome FELICITAS PVBLICAE; seated left RIC (Aux) 679 18.95g, corroded and worn

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, Trier PROVIDENTIAE CAESS; camp gate //PTR RIC VII Tr. 455 (c. 324-5) 2.49g, corroded

NMGW-3763FB: COIN
A copper alloy Roman sestertius, dupondius or as, daring to the period c. AD 41-250. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman as of an uncertain emperor, dating to the period c. AD 41-200. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. corroded

NMGW-69481F: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine I nummus GLORIA EXERCITVS; One-standard type Probably irregular (c. AD 335-45) 0.62g, corroded

Roman copper alloy nummus of Galerius as Caesar (AD 293-305). Mint of Trier. GENIO POPVLI ROMANI S F //PTR RIC VI Trier 594b (c. 303-5) 7.59g

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, London BEAT TRA-NQLITAS F B // PLON RIC VII Lon. 257 (c. 322-3) 2.88g

NMGW-33EDBD: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (c. AD 330-5) Rev.: Victory on prow //.BSIS. (= Siscia) RIC VII Sis. 241 1.80g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Radiate, possibly of Claudius II (AD 268-70) Uncertain reverse 2.15g, corroded

NMGW-5FBBED: COIN
A copper alloy Roman probable nummus of probably of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), probably dating to c. AD 330-364. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. 3.19g, corroded

NMGW-5FD3A1: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus (c. AD 330-5) GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards type Uncertain mint 1.72g, corroded

NMGW-5FFA6C: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Radiate, uncertain emperor (c. AD 260-74) Reverse: possible [VIRTVS] AVG 1.21g, corroded

NMGW-C3FF6E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably Trajan (AD 98-117) sestertius, Rome Uncertain reverse 17.79g, worn and corroded

NMGW-F2ACFB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (probably c. 270-9) copying Gallic emperor Victorinus or Tetricus I 2.62g, corroded

NMGW-F4152B: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (maiorina) of Magnentius (AD 350-353), dating to the period AD 350-353 (Reece Period 18). VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE(S) reverse type, depicting two Victories, winged, draped, facing each other, holding between them a wreath inscribed VOT/V/MVLT/X. Unclear mint. 2.82g, corroded

NMGW-0507CC: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I In Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate [LAETITIA] AVG G Cunetio 2645 1.38g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin: Probably an early coin (radiate) of Carausius (AD 286/7-93) in Britain, reverse unclear. 2.57g, corroded. This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

Roman copper alloy coin Fausta (died AD 326, wife of Constantine I) nummus, Trier SALVS REIPVBLICAE; Empress and two children //STR U; RIC VII Tr. 483 (c. AD 326) 2.15g, corroded

NMGW-708BF0: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Hadrian (AD117-138) dupondius, Rome HILARITAS P.R // COS III SC RIC 974 10.32g

Roman copper alloy coin Urbs Roma nummus, Trier Reverse: Wolf and twins //TRP. (c. AD 330-5) RIC Tr. 529 2.59g

NMGW-70B8F2: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Theodora, nummus, Trier Commemorative (c. 337-40) PIETAS ROMANA //.TR[ ] RIC VIII Trier 48/65 1.22g

NMGW-70CB5F: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantius II Augustus (AD 337-61) GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard type //TRS branch (c. 337-40) RIC VIII Trier 82 1.70g

NMGW-72057D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably a nummus and possibly of GENIO POP ROM type (c. AD 307-11) Emperor: Maximian or Galerius; uncertain mint 5.00g, corroded

NMGW-97DFAA: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular copper as or dupondius imitating an issue Augustus or Tiberius, Lyon mint (c. AD 9-14) 5.21g

NMGW-9A69DA: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably Claudius II (AD 268-70) radiate, Milan mint Uncertain reverse 2.12g, corroded

NMGW-9AA426: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Uncertain but probably a late Galic radiate (c. 270-274) Corroded

NMGW-02EB63: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Divus Claudius II (c. AD 270) radiate, Rome, commemorative Rev.: CONSECRATO; eagle facing left

Roman copper alloy coin Urbs Roma nummus (c. AD 330-5) Wolf and twins Uncertain mint 0.90g, incomplete

NMGW-040EE3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular nummus of late 3rd or 4th century 0.6g

Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular nummus of late 3rd or 4th century 0.7g

NMGW-05ADE3: COIN
Roman copper alloy radiate of Carausius In Britain (AD 286/7-93) (Reece Period 14), MONETIA [AVG], S C or MONET A[VG], Moneta standing left. Cf RIC 469-71 2.59g, corroded. This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-BEE29F: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus, possibly of the House of Theodosius (AD 378-402) dating to the period AD 388-402. Possibly VICTORIA AVGG reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. 0.81g, corroded

NMGW-D18585: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin As or dupondius of mid-2nd century AD date, empress uncertain 5.30g, corroded

NMGW-D3E171: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Volusian (AD 251-3) base silver radiate, Rome [P M TR P III]I COS[II]; emperor standing by alter RIC 141 Cunetio 378 1.55g, corroded fragment

NMGW-D3F637: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, London SOLI INVICTO COMITI SF // PLN RIC VII Lon. 10 (c. 313-14) 2.56g

NMGW-D4917A: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman sestertius of Galba (AD 68-69), dating to the period c.AD 68-69 (Reece period 3). Probably LIBERTAS PVBLICA, S C reverse type depicting Libertas standing left holding pileus and rod. Mint of Rome. As RIC (2nd ed.), p. 247, no. 309. Weight: 16.62g, worn and water-rolled

NMGW-E79F03: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Trajan (AD 98-117) dupondius, Rome SPQR OPTIMIO PRINCIPI; Dacian seated with trophy of arms to the left RIC 563 (Cos V = 103-11) 5.25g, corroded

NMGW-E7CEA5: COIN
Post medieval copper alloy token Copper farthing token, Kinsale (probably c. 1652-3) cf. Spink 6563 small module Cf G. Brady and C. Gallacher: 'Munster "Siege Pieces" or early tokens?; Numismatic Circular, March 1986, 75-77 1.03g, corroded

NMGW-E7E092: COIN
Post medieval copper alloy token Copper farthing token, Youghal (c. 1646-57) Y [ ] / ship cf. Spink 6564 small module 0.57g, corroded

NMGW-661AB7: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Heavily corroded but appears to be Vespasian (AD 69-79) dupondius Lyon issue with Victory facing left holding shield 5.94g

NMGW-67E61A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus, sole reign (AD 260-8) radiate, Milan LAETITIA AVG; --// uncertain Cf, Cunetio 1611/13 2.63g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine I nummus GLORIA EXERCITVS; one-standard type (c. AD 335-40) Uncertain whether regular or irregular 1.35g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine I nummus VICTORIAE DD AVGG QNN; two victories Uncertain mint, perhaps irregular (340 - 349) 0.95g, corroded

NMGW-6980BB: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (half-maiorina) of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 19). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a phoenix on a globe. Unclear mint but probably Trier. 1.60g, corroded

NMGW-7ACCED: COIN
Post medieval copper alloy coin Ireland, James II (1685-91) copper halfpenny (1686) 6.06g, worn

NMGW-7AE596: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin DIVO CLAVIDO Radiate, commemorative of Claudius II (AD 268-70), perhaps irregular Rev.: CONSECRATIO; eagle facing left RIC 266; Cunetio 2314 2.11g

NMGW-7B06B2: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85), probably copies Tetricus I Rev.: Spes 0.90g, 14mm

Roman copper alloy radiate of Allectus In Britain (AD 293-6), PAX AVG, Pax with transverse sceptre and branch. radiate, London, S A // ML. RIC V, Pt 2, p. 561, no. 33; Burnett 44. 3.70g. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-7BC6FE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin of Carausius In Britain (AD 286/7-93) radiate (Reece Period 14), possibly a contemporary copy PAX AVG, (Gamma?) O // ?; crude style and double struck, probably London mint. 3.15g. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-7C69C4: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate, copying Tetricus I (In Gaul Ad 271-4) with reverse showing Sol with whip (as posthumous / Victorinus) 18mm, c. AD 275-80 1.85

Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus II In Gaul (c. AD 273-4) radiate Rev.: (SPES AVGG) 1.84g, corroded

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Unclear mint. 1.68g, corroded

NMGW-7CACAC: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378. SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. 1.68g, corroded

NMGW-7D6D9A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans, Augustus (AD 337-50) nummus VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories (340-9); uncertain mint - mark missing 1.17g

NMGW-7DA722: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Carausius In Britain (AD 286/7-93) radiate (Reece Period 14) Rev.: [PA]X [AVG]; Pax standing left holding branch and vertical sceptre Probably a hammered issue, cut down 1.18g This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC

NMGW-F90EC4: COIN
Roman copper alloy radiate coin of Carausius in Britain (AD 286/7-93) (Reece Period 14), PAX AVG, Pax standing branch and vertical sceptre. Mint of London, B (E) // (MLXXI), 1.49g, corroded. cf RIC V, pt 2, p. 272, 101. This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus, irregular (c. AD 330-45) GLORIA EXERCITIVS, two standards type 0.90g, corroded

NMGW-FA667D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius of early 2nd century AD date, probably of Trajan or Hadrian 13.98g, worn and corroded

NMGW-FD402E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Carausius in Britain (AD c. 286/7-93) (Reece Period 14) radiate, London PAX AVG F O //ML RIC 101 2.50g, corroded (This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC)

NMGW-FD50E3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, possibly Arles SOLI INVICTO OMITI M [ ]//[ ] (c. AD 316) 1.83g, corroded

NMGW-0E066B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Antoninus Pius (AD 138-61) sestertius, Rome Uncertain reverse 9.87g, corroded fragment

NMGW-0ED27E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85), imitating Tetricus I (Gallic, AD 271-4) Reverse: Laetitia holding wreath and anchor 14.5mm

NMGW-0FCD25: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-80) sestertius, Rome Rev.: uncertain, possibly Aequitas or Moneta 11.42g, worn and corroded

NMGW-24295D: COIN
Post Medieval copper alloy coin Ireland, James II (1685-91) halfpenny, Dublin; 1686 5.29g, corroded

Post Medieval copper alloy coin William and Mary (1689-94) halfpenny, 1694 9.71g, worn

NMGW-0A582A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate in the name of Tericus I (c. AD 275-85) encrusted with or set into ferric material with a strong magnetic response). 1.62g

NMGW-B91BE7: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Commodus (AD 180-93) denarius, Rome LIB AVG PMT RP XV COS VI; Libertas standing left RIC 208 (c. AD 190) 2.61g

Roman copper alloy coin As, uncertain emperor of 1st or 2nd century AD date 7.17g, worn and corroded

NMGW-F8DD33: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. 1.62g, corroded

A copper alloy Roman radiate of an uncertain emperor, probably dating to the period AD 269-285 (Reece Period 13-14). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Probably a late Gallic Empire radiate (c. AD 270-4) or irregular (c. 275-85). 1.17g, corroded

NMGW-0B6F59: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus Reverse: Victory on prow; uncertain mint, perhaps irregular (c. AD 330-5), possibly slightly later 1.02g, corroded

NMGW-0DF6BF: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Divo Claudius radiate, commemorative (c. AD 270) Consecratio type with eagle facing left, Possibly irregular 0.75g corroded

NMGW-0E9D0B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Claudius II (Gothicus) (AD 268-70) radiate, Rome ANNONA AVG RIC 18 / Cunetio 1962 1.94g, corroded

NMGW-1FCA85: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, possibly minted in London (consistent with the style) PROVIDENTIAE CAESS (//PLON) RIC Lon. 296 (c. 324-5) 1.96g

Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis (c. AD 330-5) nummus, Trier Rev.: Victory on prow //TRS. - Trier; RIC VII Trier 530 1.75g, corroded

NMGW-20A43C: COIN
A copper alloy Roman as of an uncertain ruler, probably dating to AD c. 41-100. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Highly corroded, possibly holed but may be corrosion plus 2 unc 1st-2nd. Aes

NMGW-20B4A5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus, Sole reign (AD 260-8) radiate, Rome FORTVNA [REDVX] Cf RIC 193; Cunetio 1215 1.54g, corroded

NMGW-20C3DF: COIN
Roman copper alloy radiate of Allectus in Britain (AD 293-6), PAX AVG, Pax standing left with transverse sceptre and branch. Mint of London, S A//ML. cf RIC V, pt 2, p. 561, no. 33; Elvedon 137 (50 in hoard). The obverse legend is probably IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG, but is unclear. 3.10g, corroded. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-20DB0B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 306-37) nummus, Trier BEATA TRANQVILLITAS //[.]PT[.] Altar; VO/TIS/XX (c. 321-3) 1.21g, corroded

NMGW-20EAD1: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to AD 353-361 (Reeve Period 18). Probably FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left and spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint. 1.39g, corroded plus 1 unc. irreg. 4th c., 11mm

NMGW-2370AE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus In Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate Uncertain reverse 1.62g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus, sole reign (AD 260-8) radiate, Rome 'Animals' series, otherwise uncertain 2.61g, corroded

NMGW-8A02FA: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Salonina (Gallienus, sole reign; AD 260-268), dating to the period AD 260-268 (Reece Period 13). PVDICITIA reverse type, depicting Pudicitia, standing left, raising right hand to veil and holding long transverse sceptre. Mint of Rome. RIC V Salonina (2) 24, Cunetio 1109. 1.49g, corroded

NMGW-8A16C3: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Gratian (AD 367-383), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI reverse type, depicting Gratian standing, holding standard and shield. Mint of Arles. 1.46g, corroded

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinan (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding standard and dragging captive. Unclear mint. 1.68g, corroded

NMGW-8A364F: COIN
A copper alloy Roman probable sestertius of Antonius Pius (AD 138-161), dating to the period AD 138-161 (Reece Period 7). Uncertain reverse type. Unlcear mint. Corroded

NMGW-8E42ED: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Claudius II (AD 26-70) posthumous, commemorative issue 'DIVO CLAVDIO' (c. AD 270); Rome [CONSECRATIO]; eagle facing left with head to right 1.76g

NMGW-8E6B7E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards type Wreath//TR[ ] (c. 330-5) 1.66g, corroded

NMGW-8E7B1A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus (c. AD 330-5) copying House of Constantine, GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards of 330-5 15mm, 1.01g, corroded

NMGW-8E8E60: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus GLORIA EXERCTIVS; one standard type (c. AD 335-40) or possibly irregular 0.79g, corroded

NMGW-8EA5AE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans / Constantius II nummus VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories Uncertain mint (340-9) 0.90g, corroded

NMGW-8ECB45: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a phoenix on mound. Mint of Trier. 1.10g, corroded

A copper alloy probable contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-360 (Reece Period 18). Probably FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint. 14mm, 0.98g, corroded

NMGW-8EF401: COIN
Four copper alloy Roman radiates or nummi of uncertain rulers, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse types. Unclear mints. Highly corroded

NMGW-9EFADE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Postumus, usurper in Gaul (AD 260-9) radiate, Trier VIRTVS AVG Elmer 190, Cunetio 2400 2.17g, corroded

NMGW-A122A8: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Faustina II (wife of Marcus Aurelius) sestertius, Rome IVNO (c. 161-76) RIC (MA) 1645/6 17.18g, worn and corroded

NMGW-A1736C: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Carausius in Britain (c. AD 286-93) radiate Appears to be doble-headed - presumably a mis-strike 1.18g, corroded This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC

NMGW-A1CE3E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus GLORIA EXERCITVS; one-standard type Uncertain mint (c. AD 335-40) possibly irregular 1.24g, corroded

NMGW-A1ECC1: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. 1.12g, corroded

NMGW-A2003F: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Arcadius (AD 383-408), dating to the period AD 388-395 (Reece Period 21). VICTORIA AVGGG reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. 0.78g, corroded

NMGW-A2FF20: COIN
A very worn copper alloy Stater attributed to the Durotriges of the South Western region, Cottam's (2010) Hod Hill type (ABC 2175). BM2790ff; Mack 318. 2.008g corroded.

Copper alloy radiate of Carausius (AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), MONET AVG, Moneta standing left with scales and cornucopiae. C Mint, - // C. RIC V, pt 2, p. 489, no. 287var (MONETA the only legend recorded for C Mint). 3.546g. Another specimen is recorded in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-A38CD3: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (maiorina) of Constans (AD 333-350) dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting the emperor standing left on a galley, holding a standard and Victory or a phoenix, with Victory steering. Mint of Aquileia. 5.227g.

NMGW-5D7FC7: COIN
Post Medieval copper alloy coin weight of late 17th century date, brass weight for a gold pistole of Louis XIV of France, English Unkown maker (Witrus 1297) 5.98g.

NMGW-8AEF15: COIN
A copper alloy Roman as or dupondius of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 41-250. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. 7.810g corroded and worn

NMGW-DDD9DB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, possibly a contemporary copy, of Carausius (AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), [PAX AVG}, Pax standing left with branch and vertical sceptre. Unattributed Mint. Doublestruck. 2.60g. This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-DDEC77: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably a radiate from c. 270 - 300, possibly irregular but little of the design survives 1.12g, corroded

NMGW-DE1B24: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular radiate from c. 275 - 285, details uncertain 0.53g, corroded

NMGW-DF6C6A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85) copying Victorinus / Invictus (Sol) with design transposed in the copying 12.5mm 0.40g

NMGW-DF98E5: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus, possibly of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). Possibly SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advanging left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint. 1.32g, corroded

NMGW-E0C743: COIN
Iron Age copper alloy coin 'Thurrock' type cast potin Head to left / butting bull Cf BMCIA 660 ff Probably of Late 2nd century to Early 1st century BC date 2.39g

NMGW-E0E1B3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans Caesar (AD 333-7), nummus, Lyon GLORIA EXERCITVS; two-standard type //*SLC = cf RIC VII Lyon 265 (c. 333-4) 1.48g, corroded

NMGW-E0F263: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; two-standard type //TR.P = RIC VII Tr. 539 (c. 330-5) 1.54g, corroded

NMGW-E1162E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, Trier SOLI INVICTO COMITI + F //PTR = RIC VII Trier 875 (c. 310-13) 3.26g

Roman copper alloy nummus of Divus Romulus, son of Maxentius (died AD 309), dating to c. AD 310-311 (Reece Period 15). Reverse: AETERNAE MEMORIAE, Domed shrine surmounted by eagle. Mint of Rome. RIC VI, p. 377, no. 207; V. Drost, Le monnayage de Maxence, p. 313, no. 116. 4.11g, corroded

NMGW-E20DF9: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (c. AD 270-85) Obverse: IMPCC[ ]; radiate head Reverse: possibly Sol as INVICTVS; type of Victorinus (Gaul 249-71) 1.18g, 17mm max., corroded

NMGW-E21D6B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus SOLI INVICTO COMITI; mint uncertain, possibly London (c. 310-17) 1.49g, corroded and incomplete

NMGW-E22B96: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin URBS ROMA nummus (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: wolf and twins; uncertain mint 1.12g, cut down

Roman copper alloy coin Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-80) sestertius, Rome Reverse: Victory with shield: VIC / PAR RIC 931 (c. AD 166) 18.83g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin fo Carausius (AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), Probably [PAX] AVG, Pax standing left. Early issue. Probably Unattributed Mint. This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC. 2.46g

NMGW-47B7A6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: Victory on prow //U. [P/S LC] = Lyon mint; RIC Lyon 256 2.45g, corroded

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman dupondius of Postumus (AD 260-269), dating to the period AD 260-269 (Reece Period 13). VICTORIA AVG reverse type, depicting Victory, winged, draped, walking left, holding wreath in right hand and palm in left hand. Copying Gallic Mint. cf. RIC V Postumus 233. P. Bastien, Le monnayage de bronze de Postume, Wetteren; 1967 no. 308 (same dies) 4.27g

NMGW-490CEF: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I In Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate COMES AVG; cf Cunetio 2602 2.65g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I In Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate Uncertain reverse 1.36g, corroded

NMGW-4938BB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus II In Gaul (AD 273-4) radiate Probably PRINC IVVENT 2.21g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus, London (c. 310-3) PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS - * //PLN RIC VI, Lon. 219 3.46g

Roman copper alloy coin Crispus Caesar (AD 317-26) nummus, London (c. 321) BEATA TRANQVILLITAS; Altar P A //PLON RIV VI Lon. 213-5 2.01g, corroded

NMGW-497AB8: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, London VIRTVS EXERCIT; standard and two captives //PLON RIC VII Lon. 190 (c. 320-1) 1.55g, corroded

NMGW-71E30E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Domitian (AD 81-96) dupondius, Rome Rev.: FORTVNAE AVGVSTI; Fortuna standing facing left 15.37g, corroded

NMGW-71F3F7: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINCP PERP; two victories and alter //PLN = London RIC VII Lon. 156 (c. 319) 2.70g

Roman copper alloy coin URBS RROMA nummus Constantine issue (AD 330-5) Rev.: Wolf and twins //.PLC = Lyon mint RIC VII Lyon 247 2.40g

NMGW-725DED: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Claudius II (AD 268-70) radiate, Rome Reverse, probably: SECVRIT AVG Cf. Normanby 984ff 3.52g

Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus (AD 269-71) in Gaul radiate Reverse: blank or mis-struck 1.03g

Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus II (AD 273-4) son of Tetricus I, usurper in Gaul (AD 271-4) radiate PAX AVG Cunetio 2613 2.60g

NMGW-72C1FD: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans (AD 337-50) nummus VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories Leaf//TRS = Trier (340-9) RIC VIII Trier 185 1.28g

NMGW-72D77E: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus (maiorina) of Decentius (AD 350-353), dating to the period AD 351-353 (Reece Period 18). VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE reverse type, depicting two Victories, winged, draped, standing facing each other, holding between them wreath inscribed VOT/V/MVLT/X. Mint of Lyon. RIC VIII Lyon 137. 3.92g

NMGW-72EAB2: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-75), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperoro advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Mint of Arles. LRBC ii 506. 2.38g

NMGW-72FAFC: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. MInt of Rome. LRBC ii 724. 2.40g

NMGW-730C2A: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-367 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Mint of Lyon. LRBC ii 294 2.71g

NMGW-732FA2: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Gratian (AD 367-383), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI reverse type, depicting Gratian standing, holding a standard and shield. Mint of Arles. LRBC ii 529 2.36g

NMGW-733C5F: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Severus Alexander (AD 222-235) sestertius, Rome P M TR P X - COS III PP; Sol standing facing left RIC 513 (AD 231) 21.43g

Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85) appears to copy Gallic emperor VICTORINVS (AD 269-71) ; uncertain reverse Max diameter: 15mm 1.25g, incomplete

Roman copper alloy coin Constantius I Caesar (AD 293-305) nummus, Trier GENIO POPVLI ROMANI C Γ//[TR] RIC VI Trier 213a (c. 296-7) 8.72g

NMGW-F142C3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus I In Gaul (271-4) radiate Probably mint I; COMES AVG 1.28g, corroded

NMGW-5CEEAD: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus (maiorina) of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier advancing left, spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint. 1.28g, corroded

NMGW-744FB9: COIN
A copper alloy Roman possible contemporary copy of a sestertius of of Marcus Aurelius as Caesar under Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161), dating to the period AD 139-161 (Reece Period 7). Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Crude style and fabric and also light for a sestetius (but heavy for an as or dupondius) 14.35g, corroded

NMGW-91FE0B: COIN
A copper alloy Roman sestertius of Severus Alexander (AD 222-235), dating to the period AD 222-231 (Reece Period 11). VIRTVS AVGVSTI reverse type, depicting Virtus, draped, standing right, holding inverted spear in right hand and leaning on shield with left hand. Mint of Rome. RIC IV.2, p. 119, no. 623.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Maximian (AD 286-310), dating to the period AD 294-305 (Reece Period 15). GENIO POPVLI ROMANI reverse type, depicting Genius, wearing modius, nude, chlamys draped over left shoulder, standing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 333-334 (Reece Period 17). Wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type. Mint of Arles. RIC VIII, p. 274, no. 379.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 307-308 (Reece Period 15). PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS reverse type, depicting Constantine I, draped, cuirassed, standing front, head left, holding standard in each hand. Mint of Trier. RIC VI, p. 218, nos 780-783.

NMGW-FF3A05: COIN
A complete copper alloy Iron Age unit likely of the western region/Dobunni dating from the 1st Century BC to the 1st Century AD. The flan is slightly dished. Obverse: moon head facing right, pellet in ring for eye, cross and pellet in ring below, and stalk lips with pellets in rings, an arc, a crescent, an “N” shape, and a basal indistinct shape in the right field. Reverse: Triple-tailed annulate horse left, pellets, and pellet ring below. Compare with ABC 2024, 2027, and 2072 (Pg. 104-106). The coin bears a green patina and is good condition, with little abrasion or corrosion, leaving the designs easily visible.

NMGW-4F62E7: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy possible contemporary copy of a Roman radiate of Carausius (AD 286-293), dating to the period AD 286-293 (Reece Period 14). PAX AVGG reverse type, depicting Pax, draped, standing left, holding olive-branch in right hand and vertical sceptre in left hand. Copying mint of London prototype. cf. RIC V, 138.

An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting soldier advancing left, spearing fallen horseman. Unclear mint.

NMGW-51A28A: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 335-340 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Unclear mint.

NMGW-52635A: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman radiate of Claudius II (AD 268-270), dating to the period AD 268-270 (Reece Period 13). Probably ANNONA AVG reverse type, depicting Annona, draped, standing left, foot on prow, holding corn-ears in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand. Probably mint of Rome. RIC V Claudius Gothicus 18 or 19.

NMGW-529C9F: COIN
A copper alloy post-medieval rose farthing of Charles I (1625-1649). Type 3 Maltravers "ovals", mullet initial mark, minted in 1634-1636 (North 2293).

NMGW-52FEC7: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy or base silver contemporary copy of a silver post-medieval shilling of Charles I (1625-1649). Uncertain type and initial mark, London mint 1625-1649. The coin is missing much of its edge and is bent and broken through the centre of the coin. This suggests that it might have been deliberately snapped to take it out of circulation when it was discovered to be a counterfeit.

NMGW-FB4853: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-375 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Mint of Lyons or Arles.

NMGW-FBDC36: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Helena (AD 324-341), dating to the period AD 337-341 (Reece Period 17). PAX PVBLICA reverse type, depicting Pax standing left, holding a branch and transverse sceptre. Unclear mint.

NMGW-FC0AA8: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 330-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-FC7EF0: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate possibly of Gallienus (sole reign AD 260-268), dating to the period AD 260-268 (Reece Period 13). Probably ORIENS AVG reverse type, probably depicting Sol left. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman as of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD c.41-c.250. Uncertain reverse type, unclear mint.

An incomplete copper alloy Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-61F0CD: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (a barbarous radiate) probably of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). COMES AVG reverse type, depicting Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm. Copying Gallic Mint I.

NMGW-5BB44B: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Theodora (AD 337-341), dating to the period AD 337-341 (Reece Period 17). PIETAS AVG reverse type, depicting Pietas, draped, standing front, head right, carrying an infant at her breast in right hand. Mint of Trier. RIC VIII Treveri 48 or 65.

NMGW-5CF52D: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 337-340 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Mint of Lyon.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 332-333 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Mint of Trier. RIC VII Treveri 538.

NMGW-6DCD86: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 348-350 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting soldier, helmeted, draped, cuirassed, advancing right, head left, leading small bare-headed figure from a hut beneath a tree with right hand and holding spear in left hand. Mint of Trier. RIC VIII Treveri 222.

NMGW-AA6C1E: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-333 (Reece Period 17). Victory on prow [CONSTANTINOPOLIS] reverse type. Mint of Trier. RIC VII Treveri 530 or 548.

NMGW-AB1AB7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Gallienus (sole reign AD 260-268), dating to the period AD 260-268 (Reece Period 13). VBERITAS AVG reverse type, depicting Uberitas, draped, standing left, holding purse in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand. Mint of Rome. Cunetio 1200.

NMGW-AB96D3: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Quintillus (AD 270), dating to AD 270 (Reece Period 13). VICTORIA AVG reverse type, depicting Victory, winged, draped, walking right, holding wreath in right hand and palm in left hand. Mint of Rome. Cunetio 2326.

NMGW-C13E49: COIN
A copper alloy Roman sestertius of Hadrian (AD 117-138), dating to the period AD 121-123 (Reece Period 6). P M TR P COS III // VIRT AVG / S C (in field) reverse type, depicting Virtus standing left, resting foot on helmet, holding parazonium and spear. Mint of Rome. RIC II, Part 3 (second edition) Hadrian 652.

NMGW-CF0D98: COIN
A copper alloy Roman as of Hadrian (AD 117-138), dating to the period AD 125-127 (Reece Period 6). SALVS AVGVSTI // COS III (in exergue) // S C (in field) reverse type, depicting Salus standing left, holding patera and sceptre; to left, snake coiled around altar. Mint of Rome. RIC II, Part 3 (second edition) Hadrian 828.

NMGW-0A1E39: COIN
A heavily worn copper alloy coin bent into a S-shape of Post Medieval date, likely later 17th or early 18th century but potentially younger. The surface of the coin is heavily worn and corroded, so any inscriptions or designs are no longer visible. Coins bent into an S-shape are often referred to as a "love token", but may also have served as a good luck charm (see FAKL-A06413 for futher details).

NMGW-EDA737: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type depicting a soldier spearing a barbarian who has fallen from a horse. Unclear mint. The flan is very small, this type of coin is often referred to as a 'minim'.

NMGW-C70BF7: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman sestertius of Claudius I (AD 41-54), dating to the period AD 43 - c.50 (Reece Period 2). Uncertain reverse type. Uncertain mint. This coin is a British provincial imitation, which has been countermarked PROB, short for Probatum meaning "approved". PROB is a British variant of the abbreviation. This countermark gave official sanction to the coin by the Roman government or its legal representatives (Baker 1984, 54). Robert Kenyon (1988, 61) hypothesises that the coins were countermarked PROB at a Roman military centre in Britain and that they were applied to samples of acceptable quality low-weight coins produced at a provincial mint in Britain. The coin is likely from the early part of Claudius' reign. The coins catalogued by Kenyon all lack the title P(ater) P(atriae), introduced in sestertii c. AD 50.

A copper alloy coin of Roman date. The coin is corroded and damaged to extent that any trace of the design is no longer visible.

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (a barbarous radiate) of Divus Claudius II (AD c. 270), dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). CONSECRATIO reverse type depicting an eagle left. Unclear mint.

NMGW-ED4F65: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-340), dating to the period AD 321-322 (Reece Period 16). BEATA TRANQVILLITAS reverse type, depicting globe on altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; above, three stars. Mint of London. RIC VII Londinium 236.

NMGW-ED7091: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman radiate of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 271-274 (Reece Period 13). LAETITIA AVG N reverse type, depicting Laetitia, draped, standing left, holding wreath in right hand and anchor in left hand. Gallic Mint II. Normanby 1510.

NMGW-ED891C: COIN
A copper alloy possible contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Possibly Victory on prow [CONSTANTINOPOLIS] reverse type. Unclear mint. The obverse is very worn but the inscription might end ...MA, suggesting this might be a mule between the VRBS ROMA obverse and the CONSTANTINOPOLIS reverse.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valens (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-367 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Mint of Arles.

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. The flan is very small. This type of coin is often referred to as a "minim".

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 330-402. Possibly wolf and twins [VRBS ROMA] reverse type, but obverse shows unhelmeted head right. Unclear mint. The flan is very small. This type of coin is often referred to as a "minim".

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 335-340 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and one standard. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 343-348 (Reece Period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN reverse type, depicting two Victories standing facing each other, holding wreaths. Unclear mint.

NMGW-39AA0E: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Theodosius (AD 378-402), dating to the period AD 378-402 (Reece Period 20-21). VICTORIA AVGGG (or possibly CONCORDIA AVGGG) reverse type, possibly depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Copying mint of Trier.

NMGW-E3C0FA: COIN
A cast copper alloy potin of the Kent Region/Cantiaci, dating to the Iron Age (c. 150-100 BC), Kentish Primary series 'Thurrock MA' type. Obverse: Head left (prototype: Apollo). Reverse: Butting bull right. As Rudd ABC, pg. 33, no. 120; BMC 660-666; VA 1406.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 319-320 (Reece Period 16). VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP reverse type, depicting Two Victories, winged, draped, standing facing each other, holding a shield inscribed VOT/PR supported by an altar. Mint of Trier. The surface of the coin still shows areas of silvering.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 347-348 (Reece Period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN reverse type, depicting two Victories, winged, draped, standing front, facing each other, each holding wreath in right hand and palm in left hand. Mint of Trier. RIC VIII Treveri 199.

NMGW-34606D: COIN
A copper alloy Roman as of Domitian (AD 81-96), dating to the period AD 90-96 (Reece Period 4). VIRTVTI AVGVSTI S C reverse type depicting Virtus standing right, resting foot on helmet, holding spear and parazonium. Mint of Rome. RIC II, Part 1 (second edition) Domitian 709, 757 or 810.

NMGW-43A0D7: COIN
A copper alloy Roman sestertius of Marcus Aurelius as Augustus (AD 161-180), dating to the period AD 170-171 (Reece Period 8). COS III S C reverse type, depicting Mars, helmeted, naked except for cloak flying behind, advancing right, holding spear in right hand and trophy over left shoulder in left hand. Mint of Rome. RIC III Marcus Aurelius 992.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-340), dating to the period AD 323-324 (Reece Period 16). CAESARVM NOSTRORVM reverse type, depicting VOT/X within a laurel wreath. Mint of Lyon. RIC VII Lugdunum 217.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Theodora (AD 337-340), dating to the period AD 337-340 (Reece Period 17). PIETAS - ROMANA reverse type, depicting Pietas, draped, standing front, head right, carrying an infant at her breast in right hand. Mint of Trier. RIC VIII Treveri 56, 79 or 91.

A copper alloy Roman radiate of Postumus (AD 260-269), dating to the period AD 260-268 (Reece Period 13). LAETITIA - AVG reverse type, depicting galley, left, without sails, with four rowers and steersmen. Mint of Lyon. RIC V Postumus 73

NMGW-AF7A4A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus, irregular GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard type 13mm, 0.82g, incomplete and corroded

NMGW-AF8CDA: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364-18) bronze SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; Victory facing left Uncertain mint 1.86g, corroded

NMGW-AFD05C: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Valentinian (c. AD 364-78) bronze SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; Victory facing left Uncertain emperor and mint 2.05g, corroded

NMGW-AFE398: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Valentinian (c. AD 364-78) bronze SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; Victory facing left Uncertain emperor and mint 1.91g, corroded

NMGW-AFF10B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Theodosius bronze (after AD 388) VICTORIA AVGG type; uncertain emperor and mint 0.85g, corroded

NMGW-B000BF: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Theodosius bronze (after AD 388) Uncertain emperor, mint and reverse type 0.87g, corroded

NMGW-3E010C: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman radiate of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period c.AD 271-274 (Reece period 13). VIRTVS AVGG reverse type depicting Roma standing left holding spear and shield. Gallic Mint I. Normanby no. 1485; Cunetio no. 2618. Weight: 1.72g

NMGW-D507C7: COIN
A copper alloy Iron Age struck bronze unit of the South Western Region / Durotriges dating to c. 50 BC - c. AD 40 (Hod Hill Type). Obverse: Wreath, cloak and crescents. Reverse: Disjointed horse left, rectangular head, body of crescents, four vertical legs, pellet below, many pellets above. As ABC 2175, VA 1290, BMC 2790-2859. 17mm. 2.35g.

NMGW-FB999C: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy possible contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337) or Constantine II (AD 317-340), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Victory on prow [CONSTANTINOPOLIS] reverse type. Unclear mint. The coin is a mule: the obverse of Constantine I or II and the reverse of the CONSTANTINOPOLIS type.

NMGW-F295B5: COIN
A copper alloy post medieval Irish farthing of James II (1685-1691), minted in Limerick in 1691. Limerick was beseiged by William of Orange's troops in 1690-1691, during the Williamite War. Coins like this were struck over earlier 'gunmoney' shillings, which were official token coins issued by the Jacobites. Gunmoney was intended to be exchanged for sterling silver once the war was won.

NMGW-4FB785: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 332-333 (Reece Period 17). Victory on prow [CONSTANTINOPOLIS] reverse type. Mint of Trier. RIC VII Treveri 543.

NMGW-91C9A2: COIN
A copper alloy Roman sestertius of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180), dating to the period AD 168-171 (Reece Period 8). SALVTI AVG COS III S C reverse type, depicting Salus, draped, standing left, feeding out of patera in right hand snake coiled round altar and holding sceptre in left hand. Mint of Rome. RIC III, p. 290, no. 964, p. 292, no. 979, or p. 293, no. 1009.

NMGW-81A0EF: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to AD 318-324 (Reece Period 16). VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP reverse type, depicting two Victories standing facing each other, holding shield inscribed VOT / PR, supported by column. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Unclear mint.

NMGW-3A06EA: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Faustina I, wife of Antonius Pius (AD 138-61) sestertius, Rome Probably a lifetime issue (c. 138-41) Rev.: probably Concordia, seated left, AVG RIC (AP) 1074 26.53g, worn

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus SOLI INVICTO COMITI TF//PTR = Trier, c. 313-15 Cf. RIC VI Trier 866a 2.83g

NMGW-3E84C6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus PROVIDENTIA AVGG //STR = Trier, c. 324-5 RIC VII Trier 449 2.46g

NMGW-3EA791: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 307-37) nummus GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards //TR.S = Trier, c. 330-5 RIC VII Trier 539 (perhaps irregular, 16mm) 1.44g

NMGW-3EE8BC: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards //TRS. = Trier, c. 330-5 RIC VII Trier 527 1.97g

NMGW-3F0A9B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (AD 330-5) Rev. - Victory on prow //[U]PLC = Lyon, c. 330-5 RIC VII Lyon 256 1.54g

NMGW-3F3AC6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus (c. AD 340-8) VICTORIAE DD AVGG QNN; two victories Uncertain mint 1.06g

Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (AD 330-5) Rev. - Victory on prow 15mm, probably an irregular copy 2.12g

Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (AD 330-5) Rev. - Victory on prow //[TR]P. = Trier, c. 330-5 RIC VII Trier 530 1.81g

NMGW-5195BD: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Radiate (c. AD 275-85) Imitation of INVICTVS type of Victorinus (Gallic emperor (AD 269-71)) 14mm, 1.11g

NMGW-667FFE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin secured in a possible medieval strap end. The roman coin, Q-Radiate, is of Allectus In Britain (AD 293-6) (Reece Period 14), (VIRTVS AVG), Galley left with mast, cabin and unclear crew; no waves. RIC V, pt 2, p. 569, cf. no. 128. This coin has been considered for Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC. The strap-end is of simple, sheet copper alloy folded type with irregular sides (maximum width 11.2mm). There are the remnants of the attachment rivet (3mm diameter) near the attachment end on both faces (now3.3mm thick). If either of the faces were decorated none of the detail now survives. The strap-end is consistent with medieval types dating from the mid-13th to 15th centuries. The coin can now be removed but corrosion marks from the strap-end on the coin suggest that they have been joined for some time.

NMGW-66ADCA: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the Emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Probably mint of Siscia. 1.65g, corroded

NMGW-66F2B6: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Gallienus (joint reign with Valentinian, AD 253-60) radiate Base silver; CERMANICVS MAX V; Gaul mint, probably Trier Cunetio 716, Elmer 40 2.91g

NMGW-6718CB: COIN
A copepr-alloy Roman radiate of Salonina, dating to the period AD 260-268 (Reece period 13). [AVG IN PACE] reverse type depicting the Empress seated left holding branh and transverse sceptre. Mint of Milan. Cf. Cunetio nos. 1763, 1765

NMGW-6734BB: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Postumus In Gaul (AD 260-9) radiate, debased issue PAX AVG P - // - (c. 268) Cunetio 2453 2.17g, corroded

NMGW-674AAD: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus In Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate INVICTVS 1.94g

NMGW-675EEE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus In Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate Otherwise uncertain

Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus In Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate Otherwise uncertain

Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus II Caesar In Gaul (c. AD 273-74) radiate Reverse: SPES 1.99g

NMGW-68637A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin 3rd or 4th century, Otherwise uncertain

NMGW-6870CE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin 3rd or 4th century, Otherwise uncertain

NMGW-6877FA: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin 3rd or 4th century, Otherwise uncertain

Roman copper alloy nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-37) , dating to AD 319 (Reece Period 16), VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories standing, holding shield inscribed VOT / P R over altar. Mint of Trier, * //STR. RIC VII, p. 182, no. 213. 2.01g

NMGW-68B4A2: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine (possibly one of the caesars) nummus Reverse: PROVIDENTIAE..; Camp gate (323-328) Corroded fragment

NMGW-68D5B8: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Urbs Roma nummus (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: wolf and twins Uncertain mint 1.36g

NMGW-68ED5A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: Victory on prow //.PLC = Lyon mint RIC VII Lyon 246 1.51g

NMGW-68FE1C: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin House of Constantine nummus; Trier GLORIA EXERCITVS; one standard type (c. 337-40) 1.30g

NMGW-6AF34D: COIN
Roman copper alloy radiate of Carausius In Britain (c. AD 286-93) (Reece Period 14), [PA]X (blundered AVG?), Pax standing left holding branch and vertical sceptre. Probably Unattributed Mint. RIC V, pt 2, p. 535, cf. 881. 2.71g. This coin is included in Sam Moorhead's corpus for RIC.

NMGW-E947BD: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Radiate, uncertain emperor (c. AD 275-85) 0.77g

NMGW-E965A7: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular radiate, copying Gallic emperor (c. AD 275-85) 0.26g

NMGW-0D933A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius, probably 2nd century but otherwise uncertain 14.28g, worn and corroded

NMGW-4E1AFC: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius of 2nd century date but otherwise uncertain 13.37g, corroded

NMGW-4E386E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius probably of 2nd century date but otherwise uncertain 11.01g, corroded

NMGW-669D7B: COIN
Post medieval copper alloy coin Spain, Philip IV (1621-65) copper countermarked four-maravedis, 1655 Possibly an earlier issue of Philip III 3.04g

Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular nummus (c. AD 320 - 327) Copying the VOT X in wreath / CAESARVM NOSTRORVM type of Crispus or Constantine II 16mm, 1.24g

NMGW-A2FE5A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, an as of Domitian IAD 81-96), dating to AD 87 (COS XIII), VIRTVTI AVGVSTI S C, Virtus standing right, holding parazonium and spear. Mint of Rome. RIC II.1, p. 302, no. 551. 7.66g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85); otherwise uncertain 14mm, 0.62g

NMGW-A391F0: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis (c. AD 330-5) nummus Reverse: Victory on prow, uncertain mint, perhaps irregular 1.53g, corroded

NMGW-A3C1E1: COIN
Medieval silver coin Edward I/II (1272-1307-27) penny, London Class 10cf3a (c. 1307-9) 0.82g, incomplete

NMGW-A40ECB: COIN
Medieval silver coin Edward I/II (1272-1307-27) farthing, London Equivalent to Classes 10-11 (c. 1301-14) 0.31g

NMGW-A44F07: COIN
Medieval silver coin York penny of Edward IV (or earlier) 0.44g, worn and clipped

NMGW-A7502D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I nummus VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP type (c. AD 320) Contemporary imitation 16mm, 2.77g

Roman copper alloy coin Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-80) sestertius, Rome Rev.: Roma standing facing left Probably TR P XXVIII (AD 174) As RIC 1115 18.25g, worn

Roman copper alloy coin Postumus In Gaul (AD 260-9) radiate, principal mint ORIENS AVG , P - // - Sixth series (c. 268) Cunetio 2454 2.37g, corroded

NMGW-AE1674: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Tetricus II In Gaul (AD 273-4) radiate PIETAS AVGG Cunetio 2588/91 2.64g, corroded

NMGW-AE54D1: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Uncertain, possibly Tetricus II In Gaul (AD 273-4) radiate PRINC IVVENT 3.14g, corroded

NMGW-AE67D3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Uncertain possibly Victorinus (AD 269-71) radiate INVICTVS; Sol 1.48g, corroded

NMGW-AE8C4A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (AD 275-85) copying Tetricus I, with a portrait similar to Postumus / standing figure, possibly Fides Militum 17.5mm, 2.65g

NMGW-AEA0DD: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (AD 275-85) uncertain prototype 10.5mm, 0.47g

NMGW-AEB76E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular nummus, copying a London mint BEATA TRANQVLITAS; altar type (c. AD 321-4) 17mm, 2.24g

NMGW-AECF04: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Urbs Roma nummus (c. AD 330-5) Reverse: Wolf and twins, uncertain mint 1.95g, corroded and burnt

NMGW-AF4DDE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans (AD 337-50) / Constantius II (AD 337-61) nummus VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories Trier: D//TRS 1.38g

NMGW-AF62E5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constans (AD 337-50) / Constantius II (AD 337-61) nummus VICTORIAE DD AVGG Q NN; two victories Uncertain mint 1.18g burnt

NMGW-BD5337: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). Victory on prow [CONSTANTINOPOLIS] reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-BD8725: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 330-331 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Mint of Trier. RIC VII Treveri 525.

NMGW-FDA262: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Divus Constantius I, issued postumusly during the reign of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 307-308 (Reece Period 15). MEMORIA FELIX reverse type, depicting an altar, lighted and garlanded, with an eagle on either side. Mint of Trier. RIC VI Treveri 789.

A heavily worn copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, dating to c.AD 335-345 (Reece period 17). Reverse type uncertain, but probably GLORIA EXERCITVS, two soldiers flanking one standard. Mint unclear.

A heavily worn copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine (306-361), Gloria Exercitus (one standard) issue of 335-341, Reece period 17.

A complete copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-337), dating to the period AD 318-324 (Reece Period 16). CAESARVM NOSTRORVM reverse type.

NMGW-AEE264: COIN
An incomplete Roman copper alloy nummus, likely of Constantius II (317-340) dating to the period AD 347-348 (Reece Period 18). Reverse type: VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN depicting two Victories facing one another, each holding wreath and palm. Mint of Siscia. RIC VIII, p. 363, no 188. The coin is very worn and missing much of its edge.

NMGW-C4DA1F: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). CONSTANTINOPOLIS type. Uncertain mint. Very corroded and missing a significant portion of the edge to the left of the bust.

NMGW-D6EBA8: COIN
A copper alloy possible Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-4DA3B7: COIN
A contemporary copy of a Roman copper alloy radiate (barbarous radiate) of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). SALVS AVG reverse type, depicting Salus standing left, holding an anchor or rudder and feeding a snake rising from an altar. Copying Gallic Mint I or II. A minim.

NMGW-4EBCFB: COIN
A contemporary copy of a Roman copper alloy radiate (barbarous radiate) of Victorinus (AD 269-271) or Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). SALVS AVG or PAX AVG reverse type, depicting Salus or Pax standing left, holding a vertical sceptre in her left hand. Copying Gallic Mint I prototype. A minim.

NMGW-4F3A32: COIN
A Roman copper alloy radiate of Carausius (AD 286-293), dating to the period AD 286-293 (Reece Period 14). LAETIT(IA) AVG reverse type, depicting Laetitia, draped, standing left, holding wreath in right hand and anchor or baton in left hand. C mint. RIC V Carausius 250 or 251.

An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 337-350), , dating to the period AD 343-348.

NMGW-24497C: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of Constans (AD 333-350), dating to the period AD 343-348 (Reece Period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN reverse type, depicting two Victories standing facing one another, each holding a wreath. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 343-348 (Reece Period 17). VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN reverse type, depicting two Victories standing facing one another, each holding a wreath. Unclear mint.

NMGW-BCC490: COIN
A copper alloy Roman as of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180) or Commodus (AD 180-192), dating to the period AD 161-192. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-BCD264: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy possible Roman sestertius, dupondius or as of an uncertain emperor, dating to the period AD 41-c.250. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy sestertius, likely of Antoninus Pius (AD 138 - 161). Obverse: Male bust right, legend Illegible. Reverse: Deity standing, holding object in right hand. SC just legible, rest of legend obliterated.

A copper alloy dupondius or as, likely of Trajan (AD 98-117). Obverse: Male bust right, legend Illegible. Reverse obliterated.

A copper alloy Roman sestertius of Commodus (AD 175-192), dating to the period AD 184-185 (Reece Period 9). VIC(T) BRIT P M TR P (VIIII/X) IMP VII COS IIII P P S C reverse type, depicting Victory, winged, draped, seated right on shields, inscribing shield set on knee and held in place by left hand. Mint of Rome. RIC III Commodus 440, 451 or 452.

A copper alloy Roman dupondius or as possibly of Domitian (AD 81-96), possibly dating to the period AD 81-96 (Reece Period 4). Uncertain reverse type, depicting a figure seated left. Unclear mint.

NMGW-C1CE9E: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman radiate of Gallienus (sole reign AD 260-268), dating to the period AD 260-268 (Reece Period 13). PROVID(ENT) AVG reverse type, depicting Providentia, draped, standing left, holding globe in right hand and transverse sceptre in left hand. Mint of Rome. RIC V Gallienus 270

NMGW-C2C81D: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Mint of Trier.

NMGW-C32DC9: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of Gratian (AD 367-383), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI reverse type, depicting Gratian standing facing, head right, holding labarum in right hand and resting left on shield. Mint of Arles. LRBC 517/523a.

NMGW-C3656E: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Carausius (AD 286-293), dating to the period AD 286-293 (Reece Period 14). PAX AVG reverse type, depicting Pax standing left, holding branch and vertical sceptre. Unclear mint.

NMGW-820D3E: COIN
A copper alloy Roman sestertius of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180), dating to the period AD 177-178 (Reece Period 8). FELICITAS AVG IMP VIIII COS III P P S C reverse type, depicting Felicitas, draped, standing left, holding caduceus in right hand and sceptre in left hand. Mint of Rome. RIC III Marcus Aurelius 1227.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Valentinian (AD 364-378), dating to the period AD 364-378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type, depicting the emperor advancing right, holding a standard and dragging a captive. Unclear mint.

NMGW-13ACB3: COIN
A copper alloy post-medieval Royal farthing token of Charles I (1625-1649), Richmond "rounds" type 1a, 1625 (North 2275).

A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (barbarous radiate) probably of Tetricus I or II (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). Probably SPES AVGG or SPES PVBLICA reverse type, depicting Spes walking left, holding flower and raising hem of skirt. Copying Gallic mint.

A copper alloy possibly contemporary copy of a Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type, possibly depicting a bust. Unclear mint.

NMGW-A3FE09: COIN
A copper alloy Roman sestertius of an uncertain ruler dating to c.AD 41-100.

NMGW-E8A5CD: COIN
A heavily corroded copper alloy coin or token, possibly a radiate or nummus of Roman Date (c. 215-410AD). Original designs obliterated by corrosion, leaving no diagnostic features. Diameter: 15.2mm Weight: 0.95g

NMGW-77658C: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I dating to AD 307-318. Sol with whip and globe reverse type [SOLI INVICTO]. Badly corroded and missing parts of the edge. Uncertain mint.

A copper alloy Roman radiate of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-296. Uncertain reverse type. Uncertain mint.

Roman Constantine I (306-337 AD) nummus inscribed MARTI CONSERVATORI and depicting Mars standing facing right. It may have been struck at the London mint and can be dated to c. 313-315 AD.

An incomplete silver-plated contemporary copy of a post-medieval testoon of Henry VIII (1509-1547), pellet in annulet initial mark, minted in London in 1544-1547 (North 1841). The plating is visible at the break.

NMGW-38934C: COIN
A complete copper alloy Roman sestertius of an uncertain ruler, dating to AD c.41-c.200. uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint. Heavily worn.

NMGW-D7C6E5: COIN
A Post Medieval Irish copper alloy halfpenny of Charles II (AD 1645-1685), Armstrong and Legge’s regal coinage, issued in AD 1683. Spink 6575, probably the issue with MAG BR FRA larger than the rest of the reverse legend. The coin is complete and badly corroded.

NMGW-9D7ECB: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman sestertius of Commodus (AD 175-192). Reverse depicts Roma, helmeted and draped, seating left on shield, holding a spear in the left hand and Victory in her extended right hand. The coin is very corroded and has lost much of its rim, only part of the obverse inscription can be seen and none of the reverse inscription. Possible matches are RIC III Commodus 369, 401c, and 445.

An incomplete copper alloy Post Medieval rose farthing of Charles I.

A Mediaeval quarter penny of an unknown ruler, dated from AD 1247-1509. Possibly a copper alloy contemporary copy, the only discernible feature on the obverse field looks like the cross from a sceptre, but it is in the wrong position.

NMGW-74EF15: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman dupondius of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180), dating to the period AD 170-172 (Reece Period 8). IMP VI COS III S C reverse type, depicting Victory, winged, standing right, placing a shield inscribe VIC GER on a palm-tree right. Mint of Rome. Either RIC III Marcus Aurelius 1002 or 1031. Coin is missing bits of the edge, and the inscriptions are mostly indecipherable.

NMGW-ECE816: COIN
A copper-alloy nummus of Crispus, dating to AD 317 (Reece period 15). Obverse: CRISPVS NOB CAES Bust of Crispus, laureate, cuirassed, right. Reverse: Sol, radiate, chlamys draped across left shoulder, standing left, raising right hand and holding globe in left hand. Mint of London. RIC VII, p. 104, no. 115. Diameter: 18.6mm Weight: 2.24g

NMGW-C179C3: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin, a dupondius of Domitian (AD 81-96), dating to AD 86 (Reece Period 4), Reverse unclear. Mint of Rome. Obverse legend probably [ -] COS XII CENS PER P P 11.45g, worn and corroded

NMGW-C1941A: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Sestertius, Rome Probably Trajan (AD 98-117) otherwise corroded and illegible 19.36g

NMGW-F4DB35: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Claudius II (AD 268-270), dating to the period AD 268-270 (Reece Period 13). Possibly SALVS AVG reverse type, depicting Salus standing left, feeding a snake rising from an altar and holding a sceptre. Unclear mint.

NMGW-03CC88: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine (AD 306-337), dating to the period AD 327-8 (Reece period 16), mint of Trier. PROVIDENTIAE AVG G reverse type, with town gateway with two towers. The coin is in good condition.

NMGW-3A9ECB: COIN
A complete copper-alloy Roman nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337) dating to the period AD 330-331 (Reece period 17). [GLOR]-IA EXERC-[ITVS] reverse type depicting two soldiers and two standards. Mint of Trier. RIC VII, p. 214, no. 518.

NMGW-D1264B: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (barbarous radiate), probably of Tetricus I (AD 271-274), dating to AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). Uncertain reverse type, depicting a figure advancing right, holding a bent spear. It bears resemblance to DIANAE LVCIFERAE, Cunetio 2430.

NMGW-D18575: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 330-335 (Reece Period 17). CONSTANTINOPOLIS reverse type, depicting Victory standing left on a prow on the reverse. Possibly mint of Trier. Parts of the inscription are missing.

NMGW-BB6504: COIN
An incomplete silvered contemporary copy of a Roman silver denarius of Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161), dating to the period AD 138-c.161 (Reece Period 7). Uncertain reverse type, depicting a female figure, possibly Fortuna, seated left. Copying mint of Rome protoype. The obverse portrait shows a Julio-Claudian, possibly Augustus.

NMGW-DEAF08: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (a barbarous radiate) of Tetricus II (AD 272-274) dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). PIETAS AVGVSTOR reverse type, depicting priestly implements. Copying Gallic Mint I prototype.

NMGW-DE9067: COIN
A contemporary copy of a Roman copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to the period AD 353-361 (Reece Period 18). FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type, depicting a soldier spearing a fallen horseman. Copying unclear mint prototype.

NMGW-56CC06: COIN
An Iron Age copper alloy unit of the North Thames region / Trinovantes dating to c. 20 BC - AD 10. Obverse: Head right, lines for hair divided by clear centre parting. Reverse: Horse left, pellet circles above and below. As ABC 2413.

A Roman copper alloy nummus of Constantine I (AD 306-337), dating to AD 310 (Reece Period 15). SOLI INVICTO COMITI reverse type, depicting Sol, chlamys falling from left shoulder, standing left, raising right hand and holding up globe with left hand. Mint of London. RIC VI Londinium 121a.

NMGW-6FC86F: COIN
An incomplete Roman copper alloy nummus of Gratian (AD 367-383), dating to the period AD 367-375 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI reverse type, depicting Gratian standing facing, head right, holding labarum in right hand and resting left on shield. Mint of Arles.

An Iron Age copper alloy unit of the North Thames region / Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, dating to the period AD 10-40, 'Cunobelinus Warriors' type. Obverse: A warrior on a horse right holding spear and shield, [CV] behind, [NOB] below. Reverse: Warrior standing left holding spear and shield, TASCIIOVANTIS around. As ABC no. 2963; BMC 1961-1967.

NMGW-6F7E2B: COIN
A Roman copper alloy radiate of Victorinus (AD 269-271), dating to the period AD 269-271 (Reece Period 13). PROVIDENTIA AVG reverse type, depicting Providentia, draped, standing left, holding baton in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand; at foot, globe.

NMGW-57A0E1: COIN
An incomplete Roman copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361), dating to AD 318-324 (Reece Period 16). CAESARVM NOSTRORVM reverse type, depicting VOT/V within a laurel wreath. Uncertain mint.

A Roman copper alloy nummus of Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to AD 332 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Mint of Lyon. RIC VII, p. 138, Lyons, no. 255.

NMGW-941ACC: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361). Mint of Trier. CONSTANTINOPOLIS type, with Victory standing left on prow on the reverse.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Valentinian I (AD 364-375). Uncertain mint. GLORIA ROMANORUM reverse type.

An incomplete contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of the House of Constantine (AD 307-361). Copper alloy, GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type. Pierced.

NMGW-9446CF: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of uncertain ruler, possibly from the period AD 330-402. Uncertain reverse type. Possibly a contemporary copy.

An incomplete copper alloy Roman nummus of uncertain ruler, possibly from the period AD 330-402. Uncertain reverse type. Incomplete.

An incomplete copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman nummus of Constantius II (AD 323-361). Uncertain mint. FEL TEMP REPARATIO reverse type.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Licinius I (AD 308-324), dating to the period AD 318-319 (Reece Period 16). IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG reverse type, depicting eagle, standing on wave line, carrying Licinius, who is standing left, holding thunderbolt in right hand and sceptre across left shoulder. Mint of Trier. RIC VII Treveri 212.

NMGW-5C5A59: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Aurelian (AD 270-275), dating to the period AD 270-275 (Reece Period 13). SAECVLI FELICITAS reverse type, depicting Aurelian, standing right, holding spear in right hand and globe in left hand. Mint of Cyzicus. RIC V Aurelian 352.

NMGW-5D7CF3: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Claudius II (AD 268-270), dating to the period AD 268-270 (Reece Period 13). VIRTVS AVG reverse type, depicting soldier, helmeted, in military attire, standing left, holding branch in right hand and spear in left hand; at his feet, shield. Mint of Rome. RIC V Claudius Gothicus 109/110.

NMGW-5E088E: COIN
A copper alloy Roman radiate of Gallienus (sole reign, AD 260-268), dating to the period AD 260-268 (Reece Period 13). Uncertain reverse type, depicting a figure, possibly Sol, standing left, raising right hand. Unclear mint.

A copper alloy Roman probable as or dupondius of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD c.41-c.260. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-A29EA7: COIN
A copper alloy radiate of Victorinus (AD 269-271), dating to the period AD 269-271 (Reece Period 13). VIRTVS AVG reverse type, depicting soldier standing right, holding spear in right hand and leaning on shield with left hand. Gallic Mint I. The obverse and reverse legends are illegible.

NMGW-9874DE: COIN
A complete Medieval copper alloy Hungarian quarting (quarter-denar) of Sigismund of Luxembourg (1387-1437) dating from 1430 to 1437. The obverse features a double-barred cross. The reverse features an open crown with a beaded border. The coin has been mis struck on both the obverse and the reverse.

Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Spanish Philip IV copper 16-maravedis, from the Cuenca mint. [spain]

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-340) or Constantius II (AD 323-361), dating to the period AD 332-333 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, depicting two soldiers and two standards. Mint of Trier. RIC VII, Trier, 538-9

NMGW-651FF5: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Trajan (AD 98-117) sestertius, Rome COS V (AD 104-11) SPQR OPTIMOPRINCIPI; Rome seated, facing left RIC 489 21.42g, corroded

NMGW-65371B: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular nummus of Urbs Roma / wolf and twins type (c. AD 330-45) 0.45g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Probably an irregular nummus of Urbs Roma / wolf and twins type (c. AD 330-45) 0.45g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Valens (AD 364 - 78) bronze SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; Victory walking to the left; uncertain mint 1.95g corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Victorinus in Gaul (AD 269-71) radiate SALVS AVG Cunetio 2552/4 1.80g, corroded

NMGW-B44F93: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Allectus, usurper in Britain (AD 293-295/6) bronze quinarius, London VIRTVS AVG; galley //QL RIC 55 1.62g, corroded

Roman copper alloy coin Constantine II Caesar (AD 317-37) nummus, uncertain mint, possibly Trier and possibly irregular GLORIA EXERCITVS; two standards type //TR[ ] possibly 1.86g, 16mm, corroded

NMGW-C8D8F2: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Carausius, usurper in Britain (AD 286/7-93) radiate, Early Issue but otherwise uncertain 1.97g, worn and holed

NMGW-C9516E: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Irregular radiate (c. AD 275-85) copying uncertain emperor, possibly Claudius II Reverse is uncertain, possibly Laetitia holding wreath and anchor 1.23g, 15mm x 13mm, corroded

NMGW-CAC268: COIN
Iron Age copper alloy coin, probably of mid to late 1st century BC date Uninscribed bronze; British Lx Mack 274; BMC 2450, sometimes attributed to Trinovantes, Addedomarus 1.27g, diameter: 13.4mm - 14.1mm, thickness: 1.3mm; corroded

NMGW-CAD601: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantine I (AD 306-37) nummus, Arles PROVIDENTIAE AVG G; camp gate S F //SCONST RIC VII Arles 318 (c. AD 328) 2.20g

NMGW-43BD3D: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Constantinopolis nummus (AD 330-5) Reverse: Victory on prow //(T)RP(--) - Trier mint 1.59g, corroded

NMGW-5A5BCE: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably a 2nd century sestertius but otherwise uncertain

NMGW-5A6C33: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Probably a 2nd century sestertius but otherwise uncertain

Roman copper alloy coin Probably Crispus Caesar (AD 317-26) nummus, uncertain mint (c. AD 323-4) VOT X in wreath / [CAESARVM NOSTRORVM] 1.13g, corroded and incomplete

NMGW-DBDB53: COIN
Roman copper alloy coin Late 1st century AD date, possibly Domitian (AD 81-96) 4.77g, corroded

A possible Roman copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (a barbarous radiate) of Divus Claudius, dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). Possibly CONSECRATIO reverse type, depicting an altar. Copying mint of Rome prototype.

NMGW-A983B1: COIN
A complete copper alloy Roman nummus coin of Crispus (r. AD 317-326), dating to AD 317. Mint of Heraclea, as RIC VII Heraclea 18. The coin is in very good condition, with an unusual patina. Obverse: Bust of Crispus, laureate, draped, left, holding sceptre in right hand and mappa in left hand Obverse Legend: D N FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES Reverse: Camp gate with three turrets, without doors, with six stone layers Reverse Legend: PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS Mint Mark: -/-//MHTΓ Die Axis: 6 o’clock Diameter: 19.1mm Weight: 2.52g

NMGW-85E4BC: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy nummus of Constantine I (r. AD 306-337) likely dating c. AD 332-333 (Reece Period 17). GLORIA EXERCITVS reverse type, mint of Trier as RIC VII Treveri 539. Coin is missing much of the edge. Obverse: Bust of Constantine II, laureate, cuirassed, right Obverse Legend: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C Reverse: Two soldiers, helmeted, draped, cuirassed, standing facing each other, each holding spear in outer hand and resting inner hand on shield; between them, two standards Reverse Legend: GLOR-IA [EX]ERC-[ITVS] Mint Mark: -/-//TR•[P] Die Axis: 6 o’clock Diameter: 17.1mm Weight: 1.24g

NMGW-858ACB: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy nummus of Constantine I (r. AD 306-337) likely dating c. AD 310-317 (Reece Period 15). SOLI INVICTO COMITI reverse type, mint of Trier, as RIC VI Treveri 873 or RIC VII Treveri 42, 105, or 135. Coin is missing much of the edge Obverse: Bust of Constantine I, laureate, cuirassed, right Obverse Legend: CONSTAN[TINV]S P F AV[G] Reverse: Sol, radiate, chlamys draped across left shoulder, standing left, raising right hand and holding globe in left hand Reverse Legend: SOLI INVIC-[TO COM]ITI Mint Mark: T/F//[P or B?]TR Die Axis: 5 o’clock Diameter: 21mm Weight: 1.79g

NMGW-86A07F: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy radiate of Carausius (r. AD 286-293) dating c. 286-293 VICTORIA AVG reverse type, likely mint of London, though the mintmark is illegible. Likely as RIC V Carausius 174. Coin is missing some of the edge. Obverse: Radiate, draped bust right Obverse Legend: IMP CARAVSIVS P F [AVG] Reverse: Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm Reverse Legend: VICTOR[IA AVG] Mint Mark: Illegible Die Axis: 6 o’clock Diameter: 20.1mm Weight: 1.32g

NMGW-DDBC06: COIN
A Roman copper alloy sestertius of Postumus (r. AD 260-269) dating AD 260-269 (Reece Period 13). VIRTVS AVG reverse type, as RIC V Postumus 184, mint of Lugdunum. Obverse: Bust of Postumus, laureate, draped, right Obverse Legend: [I]MP C POSTVMVS P [F] AVG Reverse: Soldier, draped, cuirassed, standing right, holding spear in right hand and leaning on shield with left hand, flanked by SC Reverse Legend: VIRTVS AVG Die Axis: 6 o’clock Diameter: 31.3mm Thickness: 3.8mm Weight: 18.98g

NMGW-230AA9: COIN
A complete medieval copper alloy Portuguese ceitil of Alfonso V (1438 -1464) Obverse: features a castle with three turrets, sitting on a three arched bridge with waves beneath, surrounded by a beaded border. The legend reads ALFONQ EDOMINO CEP Reverse: Shield, legend unclear.

NMGW-AAFFD2: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy nummus coin of Constantine I dating to AD 319 (Reece Period 16). VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP reverse type. Mint of Trier, as RIC VII Treveri 214/21. The coin has been misstruck on the reverse and much of the edge is missing. The coin retains a slight trace of silvering. Obverse: Bust of Constantine I, laureate, helmeted, cuirassed, left, possibly holding spear over shoulder. Legend: [IMP CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG] Reverse: Two Victories, winged, draped, standing facing each other, holding a shield inscribed VOT/PR supported by an altar. Legend: [VICTORIAE LAET]AE PRINC PER[P] Mint mark: [*//S]TR Diameter: 17.4mm Weight: 1.9g

NMGW-C0F62C: COIN
A Roman copper alloy nummus of Constantine II (r. AD 317-340), dating to the period AD 321-322 (Reece Period 16). BEATA TRANQVILLITAS reverse type, depicting Globe on altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; above, three stars. Mint of London. C.f. RIC VII Londinium 216. Some of the coin edge is missing. Obverse description: Bust of Constantine II, radiate, draped, cuirassed, left. Obverse inscription: CONSTANTI-NVS IVN N C Reverse description: Globe on altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; above, three stars. Reverse inscription: BEATA [T]RA[N]-QVILLI[TAS] Die axis measurement: 6 o'clock Fourth Century reverse type: BEATA TRA-NQVILLITAS Reverse mint mark: -P/A//PLON Diameter: 20.1mm Weight: 2.67g

NMGW-3AB07A: COIN
Greek copper alloy coin minted by the Kings of Numidia MICISPA (c. 148 -118BC) bronze Head facing left / prancing horse facing left Diameter – 25.1mm - 26.2; thickness – 3.9mm; weight – 13.65g

A complete white metal plated copper alloy contemporary copy of a counter-stamped 8 Reales (Dollar) coin of Carlos IIII of Spain (1797-1799) Dating from c. 1795 AD. Obverse: laureate and draped bust of Carlos / Charles IIII facing right, with an oval countermark of George III in centre. Obverse inscription: CAROLUS · IIII · DEI · GRATIA · 1795. Reverse: The arms of Spain, crowned, flanked by the Pillars of Hercules, with a scroll over the pillars bearing the legend PLVS VLTRA. Reverse inscription HISPAN · ET IND · REX · PTS · 8R · P · R ·. PTS is in the form of a monogram denoting the Potosi Mint, Bolivia. Areas of loss of the white metal coating reveal green corrosion of the copper alloy core which indicate this is a forgery.

NMGW-E7F7D4: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman radiate of Gallienus (AD 253-268), sole reign, dating to the period c. AD 260-268 (Reece period 13). Possibly PAX AVG reverse type depicting Pax left holding branch and sceptre? Mint of Rome.

NMGW-E78D17: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman as of Claudius I (AD 41-54), dating to the period c.AD 41-54 (Reece period 2). S C reverse type depicting Minerva standing right holding shield and spear. This is probably a contemporary copy, but of very good size and weight and not bad style. Robert Kenyon, following on from the work by the French scholars P-A. Besombes and M. Bompaire (in Trésors Monétaires XXI, 2005), is working through the British examples of Claudian coinage recorded through the PAS assigning many so-called Claudian contemporary copies to Roman auxiliary mints which operated at Lyons (Gaul) and in Spain. This example could not be classified to a particular mint, nor as a native copy.

A worn, incomplete copper alloy or billon Iron Age coin, likely a stater of the South Western Region / Durotriges, dating c. 60-20 BC. As ABC, pg. 111, no. 2169. Coin is undersize and heavily worn on the obverse. Obverse: Wreath, cloak, and crescents Reverse: Disjointed horse left, rectangular head, body of crescents, four vertical legs, three roughly horizontal lines for tail, pellet below, many pellets above. Diameter: 16.3mm Weight: 2.77g

NMGW-DDEE04: COIN
A worn and corroded copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine dating c. AD 335-341 (Reece Period 17). Uncertain mint or ruler. The coin is missing parts of the edge. Obverse: laureate or diademed bust right Obverse Legend: […] Reverse: Two soldiers and one standard Reverse Legend: [GLORIA EXERCITVS] Die Axis: 6 Diameter: 15.3mm Weight: 0.75g

NMGW-5E8AEE: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (a barbarous radiate) of Claudius II (AD 268-270) dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece Period 14). Probably VICTORIA AVG reverse type depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm. Copying mint of Rome prototype.

NMGW-CD8C53: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Constantine II (AD 317-340), dating to the period AD 320-321 (Reece Period 16). CAESARVM NOSTRORVM reverse type, depicting VOT/V in laurel wreath. Mint of Siscia. RIC VII, Siscia, 163.

A copper alloy Roman nummus of Honorius (AD 393-423), dating to the period AD 395-401 (Reece Period 21). VIRTVS EXERCITI reverse type depicting Emperor standing left, head right, holding spear and resting left hand on shield. Victory, holding palm-branch in left hand, crowns him. Mint of Cyzicus. RIC X Arcadius 68; LRBC 2-2581.

NMGW-F0F0A6: COIN
A copper alloy Roman nummus of Arcadius (AD 383-408) or Honorius (AD 393-423), dating to the period AD 406-408 (Reece Period 22). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type depicting three emperors standing facing, each holding a spear, the two outermost resting a hand on shield. Uncertain eastern mint. RIC X, p.251-2, nos 141a ff.

A copper alloy possible contemporary copy of a Roman radiate (possibly Barbarous radiate) probably of Tetricus I or II (AD 271-274), dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece period 14). Probably SPES AVGG or SPES PVBLICA reverse type, depicting Spes walking left, holding flower and raising hem of skirt. Unclear mint.

NMGW-4211CF: COIN
A copper alloy As coin of Nerva (r. 96-98AD), issued c. Jan-Sep 97AD. Mint of Rome. Aequitas reverse type. As RIC II Nerva 77. Obverse: Head of Nerva, laureate, right Obverse Legend: IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS III P P Reverse: Aequitas, draped, standing left, holding scales in right hand and cornucopiae in left Reverse Legend: AEQUITAS AVGVST SC Die Axis: 7 Diameter: 27.4mm Weight: 7.58g

A heavily worn probable copper alloy nummus (AE1) coin of an uncertain emperor, probably Diocletian or Constantine I, issued c. 294-313AD. Uncertain mint. Likely GENIO POPVLI ROMANI reverse type. Obverse: Bust right, probably cuirassed and laureate Obverse Legend: Obliterated Reverse: Genius, wearing modius, nude, chlamys draped over left shoulder, standing left, holding patera in right hand and cornucopiae in left hand Reverse Legend: [GENIO POPVLI ROMANI] Mint Mark: Obliterated Die Axis: 6 Diameter: 27.2mm Weight: 6.17g

NMGW-420B9E: COIN
A copper alloy nummus coin of Constantine I (r. 306-337AD), issued c. 318-319AD. Mint of Trier. VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP reverse type. As RIC VII Treveri 209 Obverse: Bust of Constantine I, laureate, helmeted, cuirassed, right Obverse Legend: IMP CONSTAN-TI[NVS MAX AVG] Reverse: Two Victories, winged, draped, standing facing each other, holding a shield inscribed VOT/PR supported by an altar Reverse Legend: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP Mint Mark: -/-//STR Die Axis: 12 Diameter: 18mm Weight: 2.71g

NMGW-5E20E5: COIN
A copper alloy contemporary copy of a Roman as of Claudius dating to the period AD 43-54 (Reece Period 2). Minerva reverse type depicting Minerva right, helmeted and draped, hurling javelin and holding round shield. Copying mint of Rome prototype. cf. RIC I, p.128, no.100.

NMGW178: CLOTHING ACCESSORY
Outwardly curving, cast copper alloy, hook and integral, rebated attachment plate. Only a triangular-shaped fragment of the attachment plate survives. No evidence for either fixing holes or intact rivets remain on the attachment plate fragment. The original surface has largely been removed by harsh cleaning. Surviving length 42mm, maximum width 10mm.

NMGW3181: CLASP
Looped copper alloy clasp, mount or fitting. It is decorated with an incised line set transversely across the central plate. It is possibly an unusual form of eighteenth or nineteenth century shoe clasp but its narrow waisted form suggest that this is unlikely. Instead I think that it is probably the top of a post-medieval dress hook which has lost its hook. Dress hooks are a type of fitting which are usually considered to have been used for fastening separate items of clothing. How such items were used is not certain. They are presumed to have been sewn into a garment, through the rectangular perforation at one end, and would have been hooked through eyelets on another piece of clothing so as to fasten the two items together. Such items were popular during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries AD and it is probable that this example dates to this period. Hooks of a similar form are known from the seventh to twelfth centuries AD but seem to have gone out of use until the sixteenth century.

NMGW-EC639A: CLASP
Medieval copper alloy fitting, probably of 14th century date The cast fitting is possibly a zoomorphic book mount and comprises an open lozenge frame with integral arm terminating in a lug fitting (with an overall length of 46.7mm and a weight of 12.9g). The lozenge frame is vertical sided (with a length of 24.4mm, a width of 23.8mm, a depth of 8.2mm and a thickness of 2.2mm). The rear of the frame is not broken and has no decoration. There is a moulding on the front of the frame, probably the ears of the beast projecting forward. The beast’s head is of subtriangular section (with a maximum width and thickness of 11.5mm and 7.2mm respectively) with a central ridge. The brow is raised with ridged eye mouldings near its base. The snout is concave with a raised moulding at its end, projecting upwards. The terminal comprises a solid D-shaped lug (6.9mm long, 5.2mm high and 2.2mm thick) that is likely to have fitted into a corresponding socket. The underside is flat and is not decorated. The surface has a pale-green corrosion with remnants of a dark-green patina and finishing file-marks evident on the rear of the frame. The form of the fitting is best paralleled in book clasps with a suggested 14th century date and with a number of examples recorded with PAS[1]. This form of book clasp has a socketed attachment end and frequently a link through the perforated terminal lug. Both of these features are not represented on this example. It is possible that the fitting was modified after removal of the socketed terminal. The fitting may have been attached using sheet plates attached to the lozenge frame, as paralleled in the recorded examples. [1] HAMP-C0F9E7, HAMP-D44F32, IOW-6B705B, IOW-7D75B7

NMGW-0147A4: CLASP
Medieval copper alloy anthropomorphic folding strap clasp, probably of late 13th to early 15th century date The clasp is of two-part type and is lacking the folding end (with a length of 28.4mm and a weight of 4.3g) with a decorative outside edge depicting a crowned head. The frame is recessed for the plate. The bar (with a width of 2.8mm, a length of 14.8mm and thickness of 2.0mm) is flat on both its outside and underside faces but otherwise rounded. The sides of the frame are slightly convex across their lengths and of flat section (giving the clasp a width of 18.8mm). The outside edge of the clasp is bevelled on the underside to accommodate the missing locking end. The outside edge is decorated with a detailed head in cast relief, which is of raised sub-triangular form (giving a maximum depth of 7.3mm), with carefully faceted incised eyes, nose and mouth. Incised chevrons on raised mouldings at the sides represent hair. The crown is formed on a flange on the attachment edge by four circular perforations (2.8mm diameter). The outside edge is angled to the centre and is enhanced with short diagonal grooves forming interrupted chevrons flanked by horizontal grooves. The clasp has a dark green surface patina with some pitting. The clasp can be closely parallel with an example published by Egan & Pritchard (1991, p 120, no. 568)[1] dated to c. 1350 – 1400. Egan (ibid.) parallels the London clasp with examples recovered from a Lincolnshire Medieval village, deserted by the middle of the 14th century, and a similar type decorated with a fleur, instead of the head. [1] Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London

NMGW-ADB1A9: CLASP
Medieval copper alloy folding strap clasp, probably of late 13th to early 15th century date The clasp is missing the plate but retains the damaged folding end (with a closed length of 13.1mm, an open length of 18.1mm, a width of 10.9mm and a weight of 1.1g). The exposed bar is of rectangular section (1.1mm thick and 1.4mm wide). The sides are of also rectangular sectioned and have ribs near both ends. The folding end is of sheet plate but has some damage and the transverse rib catch is present (3.1mm wide and 1.5mm thick and giving the clasp an overall depth of 3.7mm). The surface has a grey-green patina.

NMGW-E8B44E: CLASP
Medieval copper alloy folding strap clasp, probably of late 13th to early 15th century date The clasp is incomplete, missing the plate and with a damaged folding end (with a closed length of 14.6mm, a surviving open length of 20.0mm, a width of 14.6mm and a weight of 1.3g). The both bars are of square section (1.7mm square). The sides are of subtriangular sectioned and had ribs near one end and are recessed both ends. The folding end is of sheet plate but is damaged and truncated but has the rivet to hold the missing transverse rib catch. The surface has a grey-green patina.

NMGW-2A2415: CLASP
Medieval copper alloy folding strap clasp of late 13th to early 15th century date The folding clasp is incomplete, missing folding end and plate (with a surviving length of 16.5mm and a weight of 3.1g). The outside edge has the separate sheet of the folding end wrapped around the frame (with a thickness of 5.0mm). The frame is trapezoidal, widening to the outside edge (with a width of 18.3mm and 14.7mm at the bar). The sides of the frame are of rectangular section and are straight, enhanced with pointed mouldings near the bar and outside edge. One side of the frame is miscast. The bar is of sub-square section (1.5mm - 2.0mm). The surface has a dark-brown patina with pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-FB35F7: CLASP
A near-complete copper alloy folding clasp likely of 14th century date. The buckle frame is sub-rectangular with outwardly bowed sides and four projecting knops, one at the ends of each bar. The frame is 18.7mm wide, 13.9mm long and 3.5mm thick. The roller is missing. The plate is bent with a distorted length of 45.1mm, 14.1mm wide and 2.5mm thick. The plate is decorated with an incised geometric motif and an openwork centre. The design is missing some fragments, but it appears the design was intended to give the impression of pillars (now mostly missing) rising up to a trefoil cutaway design. A curving central pillar or stalked acorn with two collars and a sub-triangular tip (interpreted as being a pot with a triangular lid in WILT-2A41E6) rises from one end and extends until the tip is projecting within the trefoil openwork. Incised lines curve around the trefoil design, narrowing to a waist and then expanding again to form a foliate design with two fronds flanking a central lozenge shape. A single incised line runs down the central lozenge and a rivet in situ perforates one end. The background (panels on either side of the motif and behind the lozenge). A grooved line running along the length of the plate forms a border. Two parallel incised grooves run the width of the plate below the openwork area with three X-shapes between and transverse incised lines between them, creating X shapes in three boxes. A rivet in situ perforates the top of the central box. Beyond this is the open end with a circular central aperture and a rivet in situ at either side. The reverse is plain and undecorated. Strap clasps are known from late 13th/ early 14th century contexts, into the early 15th century. The object has an overall distorted length of 55.7mm, width of 18.7mm, 2.5mm thick and weighs 8.87g. The metal is a mottled medium green patina with patches of reddish-brown iron corrosion staining and bright green bronze corrosion on the reverse. Folding clasps with openwork design are illustrated in Egan and Pritchard 2002: 149 no. 704 and 705 (fig.97). A near identical parallel is recorded on the PAS database: WILT-2A41E6, also NMS-31D794, NMS-A3E254

NMGW-2C69D1: CHISEL
Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged and collared chisel, c.1150-700 BC. The chisel is likely to have a broken tang and has a surviving length of 53.2mm and weighs 36.6g. The tang has a surviving length of 15.6mm and is of rectangular section, which diverges towards the prominent collar (12 x 9mm at the collar). At the collar the chisel has a width of 19.9mm and a thickness of 12.2mm. The chisel blade thins and narrows below the collar, to a minimum width of 16.4mm. The sides of the blade are concave to produce an expanded blade edge with a surviving width of 35.0mm. The chisel has a pale green to brown patina with some surface survival and has active bronze corrosion. Deep surface striations on one face appear to be beneath the patina and may have occurred in antiquity.

NMGW-2D78C6: CHISEL
Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel, c.1150-700 BC. The chisel is fragmentary and eroded, represented by the blade and the remnants of the tang, with a surviving length of 37.2mm and weighs 7.5g. The tang has a surviving length of 15mm and is eroded, but is likely to originally have been of rectangular section with straight sides. The chisel has a maximum thickness at the top of the blade of 5.3mm. No lugs or collar are discernible between the blade and tang. The blade has straight sides diverging towards the blade edge, areas of surviving surface on the sides of the tang and blade demonstrate that the blade diverges sharply from the tang. The blade has a surviving width of 19.3mm with a curved blade edge. The chisel has patches of original surface surviving with a mid-brown patina; elsewhere the chisel has a pale green surface.

NMGW-889B08: CHISEL
Bronze tanged chisel of Middle Bronze Age date, c.1500 - 1100BC. The chisel is comparatively small, with a distorted length of 50.83mm (c. 54mm undistorted). The artefact is thickest at its middle (at 3.18mm) and thins to the blade and tang end. The sides are divergent and straight along the tang and gently curved along the blade. The blade edge has a width of 16.84mm and is also gently curved. Little of the original surface survives, which appears to have had a black patination. The current surface is mid-green to brown. The chisel weighs 6.2g. Non-destructive analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the chisel was carried out by Mary Davis using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The object was examined whole within the specimen chamber and analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. A scrape along one edge of the object allowed analysis of the metal in this area. Unfortunately the electron beam was too unsteady to obtain reliable semi-quantitative results, but a series of readings showed that the object was of tin bronze; neither zinc nor lead were present in detectable quantities. The suggested composition would be broadly consistent with Middle Bronze Age metal composition, perhaps Taunton or Cammaes metalworking.

NMGW-5AE896: CHISEL
Copper alloy tanged and collared chisel, probably dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.950-750 BC). The chisel is complete and is 98.3mm long. The tang is of square section and tapers to a curved edge. The base of the tang is defined by a rounded collar moulding, 6.2mm thick and 8.0mm wide. The blade sides diverge in a near straight (slightly concave) to a gently curved cutting edge of 24.3mm width. Some of the original surface survives on the chisel with a mid-green patina. The chisel weighs 18.1g.

NMGW-B23071: CHISEL
Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged and collared chisel, c. 1150 - 700 BC. The chisel is complete except for the missing blade edge and has an overall length of 85.5mm and weighs 23.1g. The tang (48mm length) is of square section, which diverges towards the prominent shoulder moulding or 'collar'. At the collar the chisel has a width of 12.3mm, thickness of 8.8mm. The collar moulding has a length of 6mm, converges towards the blade and appears to be slightly concave along its length. The sides of the blade are concave producing an expanded blade edge with a surviving width of 28.2mm. The chisel has a mid-brown patina with some surface survival. Some surface striations are evident on one face and running at an angle across the blade, it is unclear whether the striations are the result of sharpening.

NMGW-7149A7: CHISEL
Late Bronze Age bronze tanged and collared chisel, probably of Ewart Park metalworking industry, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 7, dated to 950 - 750BC. The chisel is incomplete, missing the tang and with a little peripheral damage (with a surviving length of 34.1mm and a weight of 7.4g). The tang was truncated in antiquity and survives as a square-sectioned stub (with a surviving length of 4.0mm and a width and thickness of 5.2mm and 4.3mm respectively). The chisel is thickest at the shoulder (at 4.9mm). The shoulder mouldings are triangular, with the top edge perpendicular to the tang (with a length of 4mm and a depth of 3.8mm). The sides of the blade are slightly concave and divergent to the eroded blade edge, producing a near-triangular blade from. The blade tips and original blade edge have been lost (with a surviving blade width of 22.8mm). The blade is flat and thins gradually towards the edge (with a thickness of 3.2mm below the shoulder and 2.1mm above the edge). There is the suggestion of hammering forming rippled arcs on both blade faces and striations running parallel to the sides. The surface has a brown to dark-green patina with areas of pale-green surface loss and some pitting. The chisel can be broadly paralleled with an example found in the Brogyntyn Hoard (Savory, 1980, p 123, no 288) in Shropshire, associated with a Hallstatt C sword and a socketed gouge. The Brogyntyn chisel has smaller lugs than this example. In Wales, a similar tanged chisel was found associated with a Ewart Park Hoard from near Ystradgynlais, Powys (Savory, 1980, p 122, no 284). 1. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140. 2. Savory, H.N.; 1980, Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales

NMGW-E96F08: CHISEL
Bronze Age tanged chisel of Late Bronze Age date, probably of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industry, corresponding with Needham’s (1996) Periods 6-7, dated to c. 1150 – 750BC The cast chisel is near-complete with a slightly distorted tang (with a length of 50.8mm and a weight of 15.9g). The tang (32.6mm long) is square to rectangular sectioned gradually narrowing to the end (6mm square at the collar and 3.0mm x 1.4mm at the end). There is a perpendicular step to the collar (2mm deep) of sub-oval form (11.1mm long and 9.3mm wide) and narrows below the flanged shoulder (with a minimum width of 7.8mm). The sides of the blade are curved and divergent to the slightly damaged blade tips and the blade edge is near-straight, curved at the ends (giving a blade width of 20.5mm). The original blade edge has been lost with no definite evidence for differential wear across the blade edge. The blade faces are near-flat and thin gradually towards the edge (with a thickness of 7mm below the shoulder and 0.8mm above the edge) and with no evidence for blade facets. There are striations beneath the patina on both faces, running both along the blade and up the blade. The surface is pitted with a mid-green patina and areas of surface loss. Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Earliest Iron Age. An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the many may be dated to the Ewart Park phase (c.950-700 BC) and into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC). Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt 'C' sword.

NMGW-C26E90: CHISEL
Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze tanged chisel, known as a trunnion tool, probably dating from 1500BC to 800BC The trunnion tool is near-complete, heavily corroded with peripheral erosion (with a length of 164mm and a weight of 119.4g). The butt is narrow, thin and rounded (with a width of 9mm and a thickness of 3.9mm). The sides are straight and gradually divergent to the two trunnions. The chisel is thickest at the position of the trunnions (63mm - 78mm from the butt, where it has a maximum thickness of 10.3mm). The trunnions are now of rounded form (giving a maximum width to the tool of 33.1mm, protruding by 2-4mm and are 15mm wide). The sides of the blade are also straight and divergent towards the blade edge, now eroded (with a surviving width of 21.5mm). The blade edge has been lost and the edge is damaged, longer on one side. One face of the tool is more convex across its length than the other and both faces are flat across their widths, becoming gently convex along the blade. The surface of the tool has largely been lost, with a pale, bright-green corrosion underlying a grey-brown corroded surface. There is one surviving patch of dark brown patina surviving on one face near the position of the trunnions. Trunnion tools are a long-lived form of chisel spanning from the Arreton tradition at the end of the Early Bronze Age (1700-1500BC) to the Late Bronze Age (1150-800BC) (Brailsford 1953, 34, Fig. 12[1]; Burgess & Cowen 1972, 169-74[2]). A number of trunnion tools have been recovered from along the northern Marches and in north-east Wales. Examples have been found in the Broxton (Cheshire), Ebnal (Shropshire) and the Meol Brace (Shropshire) hoards. The former was associated with two Group III low-flanged palstaves and a basal-looped spearhead dated to the Taunton period of the Middle Bronze Age (1400-1275BC) (Davey & Forster 1975 Cat. 66[3],; Longley 1987, 96-103[4]). The latter, associated with two transitional palstaves of the Penard phase. A rich hoard from Burton, Wrexham contained two palstaves of Transitional type along with a number of gold ornaments dating to the Penard phase of the Middle Bronze Age. (Gwilt, Lodwick & Davis 2004)[5]. Single finds of trunnion tools have also been made at Talerddig (Powys), Llandudno (Conwy) (Hemp 1925)[6] and Llangynog (Carmarthenshire)[7]. While some trunnion tools can date from the end of the early Bronze Age, most associated examples are recovered from hoards dated to the Middle Bronze Age. [1]Brailsford, J.W.; 1953, Later Prehistoric Antiquities of The British Isles, London: British Museum. [2] Burgess, C. & Cowen, J.D.; 1972, The Ebnal Hoard and Early Bronze Age Metal-working Traditions, In F. Lynch & C. burgess (eds.), Prehistoric Man in Wales and the West; Essays in honour of Lily F. Chitty, Bath: Adams & Dart, 167-81. [3] Davey, P.J. & Forster, E.; 1975, Bronze Age Metalwork from Lancashire and Cheshire, Liverpool: University of Liverpool Department of Prehistoric Archaeology. [4] Longley, D.M.T.; 1987, Prehistory: The Later Bronze Age c.1500-c. 700BC, In B.E. Harris (ed.), A History of the County of Chester; Volume I: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and Domesday, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 92-103. [5] Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M. & Davis, M.; 2004, Burton Wrexham: Middle Bronze Age hoard of gold ornaments and bronze tools with a pot; Treasure Annual Report 2004 [6] Hemp, W.J.; 1925, The Trunnion Celt in Britain, The Antiquaries Journal, 5, 51-4. [7] PAS Cymru reference: NMWPA 2012.40;

NMGW-56BFDE: CHISEL
Bronze fragment, possibly of Bronze Age date but of uncertain artefact type The fragment has broken on one end (with a surviving length of 47.2mm and a weight of 29.0g) and the other end is of irregular sub-rectangular section (13mm x 7mm) and is corroded and heavily-pitted. The sides of the terminal are straight and near-parallel as far as a stop (17mm from the terminal where it has a width and thickness of 15.0mm and 9.0mm respectively. Above the stop the sides are straight but more divergent to the break (with a width and thickness of 18.8mm and 7.0mm respectively). The septum is longer on one face (with a surviving length of 20mm and 24mm, a thickness at the break of 1.8mm and a maximum width of 12.5mm) and the side flanges end in a rounded stop. The stop is comparatively shallow on both faces (at 1.5mm). The surface is heavily-corroded with a dark-green patina preserved on the septum. The object has the flange and stop features in common with palstave axe types, generally of Middle Bronze Age date. It is possible that the terminal is incomplete and originally ended with a blade, perhaps suggesting a chisel or similar. If the end is relatively intact, it may be possible to suggest a small hammer that may have been hafted in a similar form to Middle Bronze Age palstaves and therefore earlier than socketed hammers. However flanged hammers of this form are difficult to parallel.

NMGW-A5C7CE: CHISEL
An incomplete cast copper alloy tanged and collared chisel of Late Bronze Age date, probably of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industry, corresponding with Needham’s (1996) Periods 6-7, dated to c.1150-750 BC. The chisel is comprised of the blade and a fraction of the tang with a surviving overall length of 65.5mm. The tang is 9.8mm long (terminating in an old break), sub-square in section (5.4mm wide x 4.9mm deep) and flares out to a sub-oval collar (2.9mm tall x 11.5mm wide x 10mm deep) that narrows before the flanged shoulder (with a minimum width of 7.5mm). The sides of the blade are curved slightly before straightening out at the end, reaching a maximum width of 27.4mm. The original blade edge has been lost and has been lost but is roughly straight and asymmetrical, possibly indicating extensive use-wear, and is diagonal in angle with a chunk missing from the corner. Traces of striations are visible on one side. The surface on the opposing side has been lost to old damage. The surviving surface is a medium-dark green patina with patches of lighter green corrosion and black staining, probably from the deposition environment. The chisel weighs 228.79g. Tanged and collared chisels typically date from the Late Bronze Age to Earliest Iron Age. An example dating to the Wilburton/Wallington phase is known from Doncaster, Yorkshire (Burgess 1968, 19, fig 7,2; Burgess, Coombs and Davies, 1972, 217), though the many may be dated to the Ewart Park phase (c.950-700 BC) and into the subsequent Llyn Fawr period (c.700-600 BC). Tanged and collared chisels have a broad distribution across northern France, Britain and Ireland (see Coffyn et al. 1981, 202-203, Carte 7), though there are relatively few examples from western England and Wales. A very similar example with a thick collar and triangular blade can be seen in the large Ewart Park phase Nottingham Hill hoard, Gloucestershire (Gingell 1974, 308, fig 4,22), as well as a single find from Leigh Woods, Bristol (MacGregor 1987, 109, 11.65). Another example was found at Brogyntyn, Shropshire (Savory 1980, No 288.3) associated with a socketed gouge and a fragmentary Hallstatt 'C' sword. Similar objects have been recorded on the PAS database e.g. NMGW-E96F08, SOM-C8B934, WAW-199132.

NMGW-46CA91: CHISEL
Earliest Iron Age bronze socketed chisel The chisel is fragmentary, represented by the lower part of the socket and top of the blade (with a surviving length of 38.2mm and a weight (including sediment) of 10.0g) and with both breaks occurring some time ago, probably in antiquity. The socket is sub-circular at the break (11.4mm x 13.2mm) and there are no clear attachment holes at the break. The socket sides are gradually convergent to the top of the blade (with a diameter of 7.6mm x 8.7mm and with a thickness of 1.3mm). There is no evidence for the casting seams on the socket. The base of the socket is defined by a single ribbed moulding, now worn. The blade is of sub-rectangular section (with a thickness of 3.5mm at the break and 4.5mm below the socket) with straight sides diverging to the break (with a maximum surviving width of 16.8mm). The surface is pitted with a dark-green patina and with areas of surface loss. The socketed chisel form can be paralleled with four examples in the Cardiff Hoard (Savory 1980, no. 290, p. 123) associated with metalwork of Llyn Fawr metalworking and corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 8, dated to c. 750 - 450BC. The chisel form is not a commonly recovered artefact type with only one other of similar form recorded with PAS at the time of writing. 1. Savory, H.N, 1980, A Guide to the Bronze Age Collections 2. Bales,E (2007) NMS-461265 A BRONZE AGE CHISEL Webpage available at: http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/190259 [Accessed: 9 Jun 2014 12:21:13]

NMGW-3A7AD0: CHISEL
Late Bronze Age socketed chisel The chisel is complete (with an overall length of 103.5mm and a weight of 43.5g). The socket mouth is oval (with external dimensions of 19.6mm x 15.9mm and internally 16.4mm x 12.3mm) and there is no collar or mouldings and there are no attachment holes on the sides of the socket. The sides are near-straight, or slightly concave and the socket faces are straight and convergent to the blade (with a socket depth of 48.2mm). The blade is of rectangular section (15.1mm wide and 5.6mm thick beneath the socket) and the sides are gently convex and divergent to the slightly expanded blade edge (with a width of 20.1mm). The blade gradually thins to the edge. Non-destructive, X-ray fluorescence metallurgical analysis identified the bronze alloy as being a leaded bronze. The surface has a pale-grey to black corrosion. The object is unusual and is very difficult to closely parallel in its general form. Bronze Age chisels are often of tanged form, rather than socketed. The socket form can be paralleled in Thorndon Type socketed knives but is without the rivet holes. It is possible that the chisel is a late Bronze Age form of a type very poorly represented in the archaeological record of Britain. The X-ray fluorescence metallurgical analysis is consistent with a Late Bronze Age date.

NMGW-FC3F4D: CHISEL
An incomplete Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy tanged chisel, probably of Wilburton or Ewart Park metalworking industry, dating from 1150 to 750 BC. The object comprises of part of the tang and a significant part of the blade. The chisel tang is oval in cross-section, and has a surviving length of 19.03mm from the break to the collar. The break is worn and heavily patinated suggesting damage in antiquity. The tang flares as it reaches the collar which is sub oval in form. From the collar the blade chisel flares, beginning at 8.33mm wide and expanding to a surviving width of 13.78mm. The blade has a surviving length of 32.28mm. Both the blade faces and blade edges are corroded with no original surface or edge facets remaining. The chisel is heavily corroded and pitted with a mid-green patina.

NMGW-686DC2: CHARIOT FITTING
Probable Late Iron Age copper alloy terret fragment, probably of Palk’s (1992)[1] ‘terrets with decorated projections’ type and of mid-1st or 2nd century AD date The terret is fragmentary represented by a part of the hoop with two surviving integral transverse projections of disc type (with a surviving length of 53.4mm, a maximum surviving height of 16.0mm and a weight of 16.0g). The hoop is circular sectioned and is of near-consistent diameter for the length represented (of 5.0mm – 6.0mm). The two transverse disc projections are of D-shaped form (12.4mm & 12.5mm wide, 4.8mm & 5.5mm thick and 10.5mm & 11.2mm deep) and do not continue onto the interior of the hoop. The top of the discs have a stepped border to the apex, which is enhanced with transverse notches. No other decoration is evident on the fragment. The hoop is slightly distorted, making it difficult to approximate the original diameter but much of the surviving ring suggests a diameter of 60mm - 80mm. The surface has a pale-green to brown-green patina. There is no clear evidence for wear facets on the interior of the hoop. The fragmentary state of the probable terret makes typological identification difficult, Paulk (ibid) proposed a typological scheme which includes a group of ‘terrets with decorated projections’, which this example would comfortably fit. More recently, Lewis (2015)[2] has proposed a typology with groups arranged under ‘terrets with triple projections’, which is probable for this example but not certain. Lewis (ibid.) suggests a date from the mid-1st or 2nd century AD date for terrets with triple projections. [1] Palk, N.; 1992; Metal Horse Harness of the British and Irish Iron Ages. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Oxford [2] Lewis, A.; 2015; Iron Age and Roman-Era Vehicle Terrets from Western and Central Britain: An Interpretive Study; Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leicester

NMGW-F21029: CHAPE
Probable Late Medieval copper alloy dagger, knife or sword chape, perhaps of 15th or 16th century The chape is of sheet, two-piece form, with a soldered join, now detached and is near-complete (with a length of 31.8mm and a weight of 7.0g). The chape form is asymmetric, with a swelling near the base on one side (giving a maximum width of 23.0mm and where the chape has a maximum depth of 19.1mm). The other side is straight, before both sides converge to a pointed base. The mouth is oval and comparatively deep but slender (with dimensions of 16.7mm x 14.0mm) with a break on the more compete half. There is no applied decoration on the surface but linear striations from the finishing of the chape are discernible. The edges of the interior have the pale-grey solder evident, mostly above the base. The exterior surface is without patina with a bronze-colour, while the interior has a black corrosion. The chape is of unusual form and does not easily fit into Ward-Perkins (1940) typology. The two-piece soldered sheet construction corresponds better with late medieval chapes, rather than later pommels, which would be cast but have some similarities in form. 1. Ward Perkins, J.B., 1940, London Museum Medieval Catalogue

NMGW-99C455: CHAPE
Earliest Iron Age, Hallstatt scabbard chape of winged form and of Prüllsbirkig type (Cowen's 1967 Type A1) and of Hallstatt C date, probably dating to c. 800 - 600BC, corresponding to Llyn Fawr metalworking tradition, and Needham's (1996) Period 8. The scabbard chape is near-complete with some peripheral loss but is in two conjoining fragments (with a combined length of 99mm, a depth of 44mm and a weight, including some sediment of 28.0g). The wing terminals converge to a point, now corroded on both ends. The underside of each wing is gently convex but showing no sign of recurving. The chape gradually narrows to the tips, being thickest at its midpoint (with a thickness of 12.2mm). One face has a near-complete section near the chape base and displays a slight, outward-turned lip or flange (with a depth of 2.0mm, where the chape has a length of 13.6mm). The encircling lip would have continued around the mouth of the chape, which is of pointed-oval form (35mm long and 5.8mm wide). The chape has broken at the end of the mouth on one side. Beneath the mouth lip, the chape is flat (with a length of 6.0mm), the upper part of which has been perforated with two holes on each side (2.4mm below the mouth and with a diameter of 1.1mm) to facilitate attachment to the scabbard. Beneath the flat upper part is a stepped moulding to the rounded basal section. There is no applied decoration on the chape and the surface has a dark-green patina with filling striations discernible in areas. Other areas have a pale green corrosion. Hallstatt Winged scabbard chapes are not frequent discoveries, this example appears to be the first recorded from Wales. In Britain, Cowen (1967) and O'Connor (1980) both list four examples of Prüllsbirkig type, or Cowen's Type A1 with an eastern-English and largely southern distribution, from Teversham, Cambridgeshire, an example within the Undley hoard from Lakenheath, Suffolk, and from the Thames at Isleworth and Teddington, both in Middlesex. A further Prüllsbirkig variant is recorded from Ebberston, Yorkshire. It is unclear whether other winged chapes have been discovered since 1980 but only one other chape of the type is recorded on the PAS database at the time of writing (CAM-DD5580) found in East Cambridgeshire.

NMGW-93B0FD: CHAPE
Copper alloy decorated cast fragment of medieval date, probably a sword scabbard chape; c. 13th to 15th century The object is heavily-corroded and fragmentary, broken on all edges (with a surviving length of 70.6mm, a width of 30.6mm and a weight of 14.9g). The fragment is likely to represent a large part of the front plate of a scabbard chape with the sides curving towards the missing back-plate (with a depth of 6.3mm). The left side of the chape is near straight while the opposite side was converging at the base. There was an iron attachment pin near the base through a small hole, punched from the face. Towards the top of the chape is a motif, possibly heraldic but now difficult to discern the detail. The device has a central shield with internal detail now of undetermined form. The shield is with a curved device at the base with spiked, chevron projections at the sides. No other detail is now evident. It is possible that surface undulated beneath the top edge. The rear of the chape has incised linear grooves along the straight edge at the position of the bend. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with pale-green corrosion. While the fragmentary condition of the object makes the identification uncertain, the form is consistent with medieval scabbard chapes and the comparatively large size would suggest a sword scabbard. The possible heraldic device on the chape would be unusual and is difficult to parallel.

NMGW-079EF7: CHAPE
Medieval copper alloy chape, possibly from a sword or dagger scabbard The cast chape is incomplete, missing much of one side and the base (with a length of 45.0mm and a weight of 9.6g). The top corners had rounded indents, now damaged and truncated (with a maximum width at the shoulders of 19.3mm where it has a thickness of 6.0mm, now somewhat crushed). The sides are rounded and convergent towards the break above the base (with a maximum thickness above the base of 7.3mm). Both faces are decorated with a raised midrib, flanked by groves and enhanced with incised diagonals. Traces of rocker-arm decorative arcs are evident elsewhere, as borders around the indents and possibly undulating each side of the midrib but now largely lost to corrosion. The corroded surface has a dark-brown patina, probably altered by recent coatings. The cast chape is difficult to closely parallel and its incomplete condition and damage make identification more problematic. The form would appear to be suited to use as a scabbard chape and the decoration and decoration are consistent with the medieval period.

NMGW-574CF7: CHAPE
A near-complete copper alloy sheet metal chape of Late Medieval to Post Medieval date (c.AD 1400-1600). The chape was likely from the end of a leather dagger scabbard with four triangular flaps pressed together to close at the end, the end of one flap missing in old damage. The reverse bears an overlapping seam. The surface of the chape is plain and undecorated. The metal is a mottled medium green patina with patches of brighter green corrosion and areas of brownish staining, likely from the deposition environment. The object has a total length of 41.6mm, max width 22.1mm, max depth 6.7mm and weighs 6.89g.

NMGW-C205E8: CHAIN
An incomplete cast copper alloy chain of Post Medieval to Early Modern date (c.AD 1700-1900). The chain is comprised of three sections with four circular links (21mm in diameter x 2.5mm thick) connected by smaller grooved strip links (13.4mm long x 6.6mm wide x c.8.0mm deep). Two sections have 4 strip links and the longer section has 5. The circular links are a medium-light green patina and the connecting strip links are light reddish brown. Traces of gold gilding preserves on some of the links indicating the surface of the chain was covered in gold gilt. The three pieces together weigh 56.36g. Length of link 1: 103.0mm Length of link 2: 96.4mm Length of link 3: 96.4mm No direct parallels could be found, but Post Medieval chains of various forms are recorded on the PAS database e.g. NLM-B8F4D1, NLM-8B5CCE, LIN-0AB759

NMGW-A9701E: CHAFING DISH
Late Medieval to early Post-Medieval copper alloy chafing dish handle of 15th to 17th century date. The handle is incomplete, represented by the attachment missing the outside end of the handle (with a surviving length of 59mm and a weight of 29.1g). The handle would have been looped and probably of bifurcating form. The handle (with a surviving length of 38.4mm and a surviving width of 57.0mm) is of rectangular section (3.7mm -2.2mm wide and 3.7mm - 4.9mm thick) with divergent sides. The longer side appears to have broken at the turn to the outside end. The attachment lug (24.1mm long) is of rectangular section (with a maximum width of 16.0mm and thickness of 8.0mm – 9.5mm) with gently rounded sides, expanding at the shoulders at the attachment end. The lug was attached using an integral circular-sectioned rivet (7mm diameter and 2.7mm long). The surface has a pale brown corrosion over a dark green patina. The handle resembles those found at Norwich, as recorded by Margeson (1993, p.81, nos. 489-491)[1], which have been dated to the 15th and 16th centuries. Lewis also records chafing dishes with two-lobed handles of 16th to 17th century date and suggests that they may be particular to Britain, as only one had been found on the Continent at that time (Lewis, 1978, p. 35)[2]. [1] Margeson, S. 1993. Norwich Households: The Medieval and Post-Medieval Finds from Norwich Survey Excavations 1971-1978. University of East Anglia, Norwich. [2] Lewis, J. M. 1978. Medieval Pottery and Metal-ware in Wales. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff.

NMGW-F3EE45: CHAFING DISH
Late Medieval to early Post Medieval loop-handle, probably from a chafing dish and of 15th or 16th century date The piece comprises the handle and fitting or lug for attachment to the dish. The handle is a little irregular and is of hexagonally-faceted section with a maximum thickness of 7.80mm. The handle is 46.47mm long and 58.92mm wide. The outside end of the handle is double-arced. The attachment lug has lost the integral rivet and has a surviving length of 21.32mm long, with a maximum width of 13.48mm and thickness of 8.51mm and is of rectangular section. The integral attachment rivet had a diameter of 4.9mm. The handle has good surface preservation with a pale to dark green patina and clear file marks. The handle weighs 39.0g The handle can be paralleled with an unprovenanced example reported on by J.M. Lewis (1978) , who states that type is likely to be of English manufacture. Margeson (1993, pp78) states that loop-handles for cupboards are of identical form to those from contemporary chafing dishes.

NMGW-3248A9: CHAFING DISH
Post medieval copper alloy anthropomorphic chafing dish stand The cast swivelling support for a chafing dish is fragmentary represented by the anthropomorphic terminal and the top of the curved shaft (with a surviving length of 45.4mm and a weight of 18.0g) and has similar decorated on both faces. The rectangular-sectioned shaft (10.6mm wide and 4.1mm thick) has broken through two perforations (of 2.4mm diameter), used for the swivel. The shaft gradually widens towards the terminal (reaching a maximum width of 13.7mm) and is undecorated except for curved grooves, representing a collar. The rounded terminal (21.4mm wide and 22.3mm long) depicts a head in side profile, with projecting pointed nose, brow and lips. The hair is depicted using a series of both short and long curved grooves. The eyes are prominent, denoted by flanking grooves, to define a raised rib outline and central pellet. The inside of the nose and mouth are also enhanced with groove to further define the features. The surface has a dark-green to brown patina with some pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-199966: CAULDRON
Cast copper alloy cauldron or skillet leg of Medieval date, probably dating from 13th – 16th century. The front of the leg has a prominent central rib and two side ribs near the top of the leg, where the leg joins the vessel. The rear of the leg has two chamfered edges. The interior of the vessel is present at the apex of the leg, which shows ancient breaks around its edge. One half of the front of the leg has been recently cleaned by the finder, the remainder of the leg exhibits heavy carbon deposits as a result of repeated burning, as would be expected on the surface of a cooking vessel.

NMGW-723F75: CAULDRON
Medieval copper alloy vessel rim, probably from a cauldron or skillet. The rim is everted and has broken at the shoulder. The upper face is smooth and has a rounded rim edge. The underside is roughly cast and exhibits evidence of sooting .

NMGW-23C532: CAULDRON
Cast copper alloy handle lug from a cauldron of Medieval or early Post Medieval date. The lug is broken at one end, probably immediately before the right-angled turn, with this fragment probably representing the lower piece. The fragment is somewhat eroded, but originally would have been of pointed oval section, becoming more circular near the turn. The lug end expands as it approaches the attachment point. Some residues of sooting are evident on the surface.

NMGW-9979E8: CAULDRON
Cauldron or skillet leg fragment of Medieval or early Post Medieval date. The leg is of faceted D-shaped section and is broken at both ends. There is the beginning of a raised rib at the centre of the straight face, next to the break.

NMGW-857132: CASTING WASTE
Copper alloy single-runner casting jet of uncertain date, possibly Middle to Late Bronze Age, c.1500-750BC The jet is irregular and conical-oval in shape, with a length at the top of 34.8mm and a width of 23.3mm. The jet has a weight of 35.0g and an overall depth of 17.4mm. At the base of the jet is a projecting stub or single-runner (19mm x 12mm x 7mm), which would have fed into the mould. The jet has an irregular surface with a dark green patina.

NMGW3356: CASTING WASTE
Sub-triangular shaped fragment of copper alloy casting waste, smooth on its upper side and retaining the impression of a possible charcoal surface on its underside. Ferrous corrosion is visible on part of the underside of the fragment. Dimensions 41mm x 31mm, maximum thickness 8mm, weight 21.7 grams.

NMGW-126833: CASTING WASTE
Bronze casting jet from the production of a South Wales (Stogursey) Type socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date, c. 950-750BC. The casting jet is corroded, but displays the remnants of the characteristic four runners used to produce the South Wales Type axe during the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age. The upper face of the jet is flat, while the lower face is irregular and concave, with the remnants of the four projections. The jet is of irregular oval shape and does not have a central aperture, it is of a light - mid brown colour with very little of the original surface surviving.

NMGW-62AB8E: CASTING WASTE
Copper alloy casting jet of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age The jet appears to be complete, comprising a single-runner and oval sectioned reservoir (with a length of 23.0mm and a weight of 30.0g). The oval top surface (26.7mm x 23.7mm) is concave, as the molten metal cooled. The sides converge towards the runner and are irregular, possibly suggesting use of a clay gate. The runner is of irregular sub-rectangular section (with a surviving length of 12mm and 10mm x 8mm). The surface has a dark-green to brown patina with areas of mid-green corrosion. The jet has few diagnostic attributes and is problematic to date. The form and technology is consistent with Bronze Age casting of non-axe tools and weapons using a single runner technology.

NMGW-202D07: CASTING WASTE
Copper alloy casting jet of uncertain date, possibly Bronze Age The jet appears to be complete, comprising two-runners and with a sub-rectangular reservoir (36.0mm x 16.9mm), which is of D-shaped sectioned (with a weight of 24.8g). The top surface is flat, with few of the undulations usually observed as the molten metal cooled. The sides generally converge towards the runners although the wider runner is adjacent to one side. The runners are sub-circular and are irregular (with a surviving length of 17.0mm and 12.0mm), possibly suggesting use of a clay gate. The surface has a dark-green to brown patina with areas of pale-green corrosion. The jet has few diagnostic attributes and is problematic to date. The form and technology is consistent with Bronze Age castings of tools and weapons using a two-runner technology.

NMGW-0F0ECA: CASTING WASTE
Copper alloy single-runner casting jet of uncertain date The casting jet comprises the reservoir and a single runner (with a height of 29.8mm and a weight of 20.9g). The reservoir is sub-oval (27.1mm x 21.8mm and 10.9mm deep). The top surface of the jet is as-cast, with a prominent bubble void at the side, near one end and the sides are smooth from the interior of the gate. The runner is of oval section, narrowing slightly towards the break (4.7mm x 3.7mm at the break, with a length of 16.4mm). The top part of the runner is more irregular, possibly suggesting a clay gate was employed. The casting jet has few diagnostic attributes and could date from the Middle Bronze Age onwards.

NMGW-32BB69: CASTING WASTE
Copper alloy casting jet probably of Middle to Late Bronze Age date The casting jet is of two-runner type and is likely to be complete, after removing from the tool or weapon (with an overall length of 36.0mm and a weight of 91.4g). The upper face of the jet is sub-oval (37.8mm x 23.9mm) and has an undulating surface, as cast. The sides of the jet are divergent (to 12mm below the surface) before becoming more parallel sided (15.4mm thick). One of the runners is significantly larger than the other (18mm x 12mm compared to 9mm x 5mm) but both are similar lengths before being cut (14mm long). The surface is corroded with a pale-green corrosion. The two-runner jet is comparatively substantial, perhaps suggesting its use in casting a larger object, perhaps an axe or sword.

NMGW-ED411B: CASTING WASTE
Three pieces of copper alloy casting debris found together of uncertain date The casting waste comprises a casting jet and two pieces of dross. The casting jet is of conical form (with a maximum diameter of 26.0mm, a length of 14.0mm and a weight of 28.5g) The underside of the jet has three runner stubs, now truncated but appear comparatively slender (with a diameter of 4mm). The upper surface is concave and undulating. The dross is irregular (weighing 19.1g and 16.0g) and one of the pieces is wedge-shaped and may be a fragment but has lost all the original surface. The surface has corroded pale-green with a dark-green patina surviving. The casting waste of undetermined age, possibly Bronze Age but may be more recent

NMGW-471B5A: CANDLESTICK
Late medieval copper alloy candlestick, probably of 15th or 16th century date The candlestick is distorted and fragmentary, missing both the socket and separate base (with a surviving, distorted length of 166mm and a weight of 107.4g). The candlestick was of composite form with a circular sectioned plug (12.9mm diameter and 10.8mm long) to fit into the base. Above the base-plug is a flanged moulding (16.4mm diameter), with a bevel to the shaft at its top. A similar flanged moulding is present beneath the mid-point of the candlestick but with the bevel towards the base. Between mouldings is a flange without bevels placed (29mm) between the two. The flanges were enhanced with decorative grooves, now largely worn-away and corroded. The upper part of the candle-stick is plain and gradually tapers to the break (where it has a diameter of 5.8mm). The surface has a mid to dark-brown patina with areas of pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-B93722: CANDLESTICK
A fragmentary cast copper alloy candle-holder of Late Medieval or Post Medieval date (c.AD 1475-1600). The candle holder comprises part of the shaft, likely the bottom part of the shaft, missing the base and socket in old damage. The shaft is cylindrical and circular in section measuring 14.4mm in diameter and gradually expands from the break to a flared skirt-shaped collar measuring 21.3mm in diameter. A fragment (appx half) of a piece sub-square piece which would insert into the base survives measuring 18.8mm long and 3.5mm thick. The object is hollow with a sub-square opening at the bottom which reduces in size going up the shaft. The object is a dark green patina and weighs 26.39g. A pair of similar candle holders of different lengths and varying designs are illustrated in Egan (2005: 81, nos. 337-338) and were excavated in 16th century contexts in London. Brownsword (1985, no. 7) illustrates another similar candle holder which he dates to the late 15th or early 16th centuries. A number of other examples are known on the PAS database e.g. GLO-213169, GLO-B0B661, SOM-DD1FB3, DEV-09C6B1, DEV-2C7048, DEV-AF2114, BUC-5F375F etc.

NMGW-6DC177: BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER
Button-and-loop fastener, probably of early Roman date. The head is flat with cast ornament, consisting of concentric circles around a central irregular hole, possibly intended for inlay. The bar is of rectangular cross-section to a circular loop. The head has eroded around its edge.

NMGW-7108D7: BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Cast copper alloy early Roman button-and-looped fastener, probably of Wild’s (1970) type VIa. The fastener has a flat rectangular head with recessed cells containing traces of red enamel. The decoration on the head is ‘Late Celtic’ in style consisting of curved scroll ornament resembling two stylised leaf-shaped systems with central circular enamelled recesses. The decoration can be paralleled with a motif on belt plates found on two sites at Caerleon; Myrtle Cottage Orchard (No 10; Fox, 1941) and at Roman Gates (No 87; Evans & Metcalf, 1998), both examples are suggested as being of early 2nd century date. The integral shank is of circular section with a right angle, before a triangular loop.

NMGW-ECA086: BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER
Roman copper alloy button-and-loop fastener of late 1st or 2nd century date The cast fastener is fragmentary, missing much of the shank, part of the head and is heavily-corroded (with an overall depth of 8.9mm and a weight of 4.9g). The head is now rounded, of sub-square form (16.4mm long, 7.4mm wide and 3.2mm thick). There are remnants of a moulded design on the head, now difficult to interpret but appears to have comprised a diagonal rounded rib, wider at the corners and narrowest at the centre. All other detail has been lost. The shank emerges from adjacent to the edge of the rear and is of sub-circular section (5mm diameter), before the perpendicular turn to the flat sectioned perforated plate, probably originally of sub-triangular form, now damaged (with a surviving length of 12mm, a maximum surviving width of 9.1mm and a thickness of 1.5mm). The surface is corroded and worn with remnants of a dark-brown patina and pale-green elsewhere. The condition of the fastener makes typological identification uncertain, although the form would suggest Wild (1970)[1] Class VI, perhaps VIb. Wild (ibid.) states that Class VIb fasteners are typically a Northern British type and date from the late-Flavian but with the majority recovered from 2nd century contexts. [1] Wild, J.P.; 1970; Button-and-Loop Fasteners in the Roman Provinces; Britannia Volume I; pp 137-146

NMGW-3D87F8: BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER
Late Iron Age to Roman copper alloy button-and-looped fastener of 1st century BC to mid-2nd century AD date The cast fattener is of trilobed or trefoil form and is incomplete, missing the loop on the rear (with a length of 15.2mm, a width of 18.6mm and a weight of 6.3g). The trilobed fastener comprises three sub-hemispherical knops (of 7.4mm – 8.0mm diameter and 8.0mm – 8.2mm thick). The surface is heavily-corroded but there is the possible suggestion of mouldings near the junction of the lobes. The rear is flat but the stubs of the loop are evident on the rear of two of the lobes. The remnant stubs appear to have been of rectangular section (giving a maximum surviving depth of 9.5mm). The corroded surface has a dark-brown patina with areas of pale-green surface loss. The fastener does not correspond closely with Wild’s (1970)[1] typology of button-and-loop fasteners. A small number of trilobed fasteners have been recorded with PAS[2], with a suggested West Midlands distribution. If correct, this example may suggest a south-westerly outlier to the group. [1] Wild, J.P.; 1970; Button-and-Loop Fasteners in the Roman Provinces; Britannia Volume I; pp 137-146 [2] WMID-D2AFD6, WMID-BF8D50, HESH-4C6224 and WMID-5CC482

NMGW-7F7A06: BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER
An incomplete copper alloy and enamel button-and-Loop Fastener of Roman date (Likely 2nd century AD). The button-and-loop fastener is of Wild's Class Via and is missing much of its surface due to heavy corrosion, while the loop ends in a break just as it starts to bifurcate. The head of the object is sub rectangular in form and may originally have been square, with a flat rectangular section. Its surviving dimensions are 15.6mm wide, 16.1mm long and 3.8mm thick. The head thickens towards the shaft. The face of the head is decorated by a red enamel quatrefoil executed in champlevé. The attachment loop is integrally cast with the head, attached by a shank projecting perpendicular to the head from the upper edge of its reverse face. At c.4.5mm long the shank curves slightly less than ninety degrees and projects lengthways to an incomplete length of 15.9mm, expanding from a surviving width of 4.2mm at the shank to 6.7mm at the broken loop. The object is heavily corroded, leading to a significant loss of metal. None of the original surface remains except on the enamel. This has left the delicate surviving surface with a highly uneven, pitted green to brown patina. This type of button-and-loop fastener is described in Wild, 1970: pp. 141-142, Fig. 2. Wild's Class VIa, is defined by fasteners with rectangular with enamelled decoration. This type is dated to the 2nd century AD. Similar examples on the PAS database include: SOM-BF7D5F, NMS-FEF246, and SF-F1F124. Length: 29.6mm Width: 15.7mm Thickness: 10.1mm Weight: 5.50g

NMGW-F0CC42: BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER
An incomplete cast copper alloy and enamel button and loop fastener of Roman date (c. 2nd-3rd century AD). The object is broken where the shank forks to form the loop but is otherwise complete. The head is flat and circular, measuring 15.2mm diameter and 2.8mm thick. The front of the head is decorated with champleve enamel set in cells within a central raised 13mm diameter circular area, surrounded by a flat 1.4mm thick rim bearing possible traces of degraded enamel. The reverse of the head is flat with a 3.8mm thick, 3.7mm wide sub-rectangular shank projecting perpendicular to the head to a maximum depth of 8.2mm, at which point the 4.2mm wide shank bends over 90 degrees tapering in thickness and expanding in width for 19.9mm to the break, at which point it is 5.3mm wide and 1.7m thick. The final 3.8mm of the shank are bifurcated, representing the start of the loop. The head is decorated in a floral design with a central circular cell with six radiating lenticular petal cells, with a further six identical cells set perpendicular filling the space between the ends of the radiating petals. The original colour of the enamel was likely red and has degraded to a yellowy brown. The potential enamel on the rim is a dark colour. The object has a light green patina with faint silvery traces o in some areas, potentially indicative of a White metal surface treatment, though this is not certain. This button and loop fastener is of Wild’s (1970) Class Vb, and likely dates c. AD 100-200. Similar examples recorded on the PAS Database include: LIN-A34885, WAW-4F3A14, LEIC-2A1E46, and KENT-318021. Length: 28mm Width: 15.2mm Depth: 8.2mm Weight: 4.56g

NMGW3226: BUTTON
Spherical cast copper alloy button with integral loop. Diameter 13mm, thickness 16mm. Sixteenth to seventeenth century in date.

NMGW333: BUTTON
19th century copper alloy button

NMGW334: BUTTON
17th century - 19th century copper alloy button

NMGW-5BEBA4: BULLET MOULD
Post medieval copper alloy hinged mould probably of 17th or 18th century date. The mould is of hinged type and is incomplete, missing one of the handles and with the other truncated (with a surviving length of 44.5mm and a weight of 11.2g). The surviving handle is integral and of a consistent circular-section (with a diameter of 2.8mm and a surviving length of 26mm). The mould section is rectangular (11.8mm long, 11.2mm wide and 10.5mm deep) with an aperture on its top surface leading to a circular mould chamber to form a sphere (of 5 - 6mm diameter). At the base of the handle end is a globular knop on one side and a depression in the other to ensure that the two halves of the mould locate accurately. On the outside edge is the hinge, comprising a double lug on one side flanking a central single lug, from the other half and with a copper alloy axis bar. The hinge remains operational and rotates freely. The surface has a dark-green patina with some file marks evident.

NMGW-252132: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle plate, probably of 13th or 14th century date The buckle plate is near complete, although the buckle frame and pin are missing. The plate has a length of 21.88mm, a width of 18.04mm and has a weight of 3.8g. The buckle plate is folded with a slot for the pin and a recess for the frame. The rear of the folded plate is narrower than the face, with a width of 14.59mm. The face is decorated with a rocker-arm or zigzag border, outside a square panel defined by incised lines. On the interior of the panel is an incised spiral. The incised square and spiral contain remnants of a white in-filled deposit. The buckle plate was attached by means of two separate protruding dome-headed rivets (2.7mm diameter) positioned near the attachment end and are still in place. The buckle plate has poor surface preservation with a dark green patina, elsewhere the surface is pale green and brown. The buckle plate can be closely paralleled with a longer, double spiralled example recorded from a 13th or 14th century deposit from Bishopgate, Norwich (Margeson, 1993, p 28, fig. 13.134) . The Norwich example was gilded and also has white infill within the spiral, suggested to be enamel. Margeson (ibid, p24) suggests the Bishopgate example may have been made in the workshops around Limoges, France.

NMGW-A3B6C7: BUCKLE
Roman copper alloy buckle probably of 2nd to 3rd century date The buckle frame is complete but the pin is missing (with a length of 32.8mm and a weight of 5.7g). The strap was attached around a rectangular slot (16.4m long and 8.2mm wide, 11.0mm x 3.2mm internal) at the rear of the buckle of rectangular section (2.0mm thick). The buckle has a minimum width (of 11.5mm) before expanding to the curved outside edge (with a maximum width of 26.5mm). The frame is of sub-triangular section (3.0m thick) and has a decorative C-scroll in the interior, flanking either side of the bar. The bar is of circular section (2.1mm - 2.5mm diameter). These buckles are often referred to as 'Dolphin' buckles and the form of this buckle is of native manufacture.

NMGW-D43403: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle, dating from the mid-14th to the mid-15th century The buckle comprises an oval, lipped frame with a folded sheet plate. The buckle is near-complete, missing some of the pate and the end of the pin (with an overall, distorted length of 33.7mm and a weight of 2.7g). The oval frame (with a length of 17.8mm and a width of 19.1mm) is of trapezoidal section on the outside edge (2.9mm thick), becoming sub-rectangular on the sides. The lip has a prominent notch for the pin. The bar is narrowed and offset. The pin is of circular, tapering section (2.1mm maximum diameter) and is simply twisted around the bar. The folded sheet metal plate is rectangular (with a width of 12.4mm and a thickness of 0.6mm) and has two holes to accommodate the pin. One central rivet survives at the rear of the plate, which would have secured the buckle to the strap. There is the suggestion of an incised border surviving near the side of the front plate but no other decoration is evident. The buckle has a pale to mid green surface patina. The buckle can be paralleled with examples recovered from excavations in London (Egan & Pritchard 1991, p 74. nos. 306-310) recovered from late 13th and 14th century contexts.

NMGW-2853B5: BUCKLE
Roman copper alloy buckle of 2nd or 3rd century AD date The buckle is incomplete, and is missing a little less than half of the buckle’s width. The buckle has a length of 45.83mm, a maximum surviving width of 29.83mm and weighs 5.4g. The buckle frame is of flat section with a thickness of 2.3mm. The outside edge of the frame is curved and extends into the interior of the frame with a C-scroll, terminating in circular knops either side of the recess for the pin. At the rear of the buckle is a rectangular loop, with a T-shaped aperture, to secure the strap. The front of the frame is decorated with incised diagonal lines at each corner. The buckle has a pale-green surface patina and is slightly distorted. This buckle type is associated with the Roman military and is thought to date from the second half of the second century to the first half of the third century AD (Oldenstein 1976) . The buckle can be paralleled with a number of examples in the National Museum Wales Collections and largely recovered from Caerleon, Newport (Chapman, 2005) .

NMGW-28AC12: BUCKLE
Post Medieval copper alloy asymmetrical buckle, probably of 17th century date The buckle is concave in profile with one rounded and one straight edge. The buckle frame has a length of 25.73mm, a width of 20.40mm and a depth of 6.99mm. The buckle employed a chape, wrapped around the integral bar with a slot to take the pin Iron corrosion around the slot suggests an iron pin. The terminal of the chape has been lost. The outside edges of the buckle are likely to have carried moulded decoration now lost. The buckle has a pale green surface and weighs 5.2g.

NMGW3221: BUCKLE
Part of a cast copper alloy, single loop buckle with a sub-triangular frame and a narrowed offset strap-bar. The strap-bar is now missing. The missing strap-bar would have accommodated the buckle's pin and possibly also a sheet metal buckle plate. A groove on the front of the buckle's frame shows where the pin rested; this feature is probably the result of wear rather than a deliberately cast notch. The buckle is also slightly distorted. Width 55mm, length 21mm, weight 9.5grams (NB dimensions follow those defined by Egan and Pritchard 1991, 56, fig.35). Medieval closer dating of this form of buckle is problematic (Whitehead 1996,16). The closest parallel for the piece is a complete example dated by Whitehead to c.1250-1400 (1996, 24, no.107) although the evidence for such a close date is not certain. Less close parallels are provided by a buckle with an oval, lipped frame and narrowed offset bar from Medieval London (Egan and Pritchard 1991, 68, no.271, fig.42) dating from c.1200-c.1230 and a fourteenth century D-shaped buckle from Norwich (Goodall 1993, 28, no.143, fig.14). It was probably used as a personal dress accessory although it may have been attached to a piece of horse harness.

NMGW3283: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy single loop D-shaped buckle with a frame embellished with an ornate outer edge, and a narrowed and offset strap bar. The outer edge of the frame has a notched lip flanked on either side by a pair of transverse knops. Egan and Pritchard have published a close parallel, recovered from excavations in London, which dates to c.AD1350 to c. AD 1400 (1991, 73, no.297). A broadly comparable date for the St Nicholas buckle is not unreasonable.

NMGW3304: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy buckle pin with sub-rectangular sectioned stem and a raised grip. Length 35mm. Medieval.

Incomplete cast copper alloy buckle with integral, hollow, tapering plate (also known as a box chape) perforated by two rivet holes. The end of the plate is missing as is most of the frame, although traces of the iron pin survive. The front of the plate is incised with longitudinal lines and traces of either tinning or silvering adhere to the surface of the plate. It is not certain whether the incised lines are decorative features or keying for the plating. Surviving length 30mm, maximum width 16.5mm, maximum thickness 6mm. Probably an example of the late fourteenth century to early fifteenth century buckle type defined by both its integral, hollow plate and ornamental lyre-shaped frames cf. Whitehead 1996, 37, nos.218-219.

Stamped copper alloy (bronze or brass) buckle of sub-rectangular shape with a wide frame. The frame is decorated with stamped impressions of small tokens which imitate ancient coins. There are four types of token/coin impression including: a pious pelican, a horse and rider, a male classical bust looking right and a female classical bust looking left. The buckle is fitted with an open rectangular-shaped chape and three short tongues. It is a knee buckle of eighteenth century date. Tight fitting breeches that were buttoned or buckled below the knee were the fashion for men between about 1720 and 1790.

Cast copper alloy double loop annular buckle with plain bevelled edges, slightly recessed strap bar and notch to accommodate the pin. The strap bar is distorted. Diameter 34mm x 38mm, thickness 3mm, weight 10.5 grams. Fourteenth to seventeenth century in date.

NMGW-90D576: BUCKLE
Cast circular buckle frame, with central bar set back from the frame. The frame has a 'D' shaped cross-section and is decorated on its upper surface with a single incised line forming a chevron motif. The central bar is thin (c. 1.5mm diameter) and is slightly bent. There is an area of iron corrosion near one of the ends of the bar, suggesting the now absent pin was of iron.

NMGW-FEEDE7: BUCKLE
Cast buckle with an elaborate scallop lip an projections at the bar terminals. The frame has a bevelled outer edge and flat underside. The bar has a circular cross section with the pin still attached. The pin has a D shaped cross-section and tapers along its length to the point. The buckle is slightly concave in profile, possibly because of recent distortion.

NMGW-FF3C75: BUCKLE
Decorative frame with the bar offset and narrowed and slight mouldings at the bar terminals. The frame has a D shaped cross section and expands towards the outside edge of the frame. The pin survives and is a simple piece of flat copper alloy tapering to a point with a single transverse ridge near the loop.

NMGW-F64783: BUCKLE
This item could have been utilised as either a buckle or a brooch. It is constructed of an annular frame with a decorative projection on the opposite end of the frame to the pin constriction. The frame has a flattened D-shaped cross-section and is generally wider and thicker at the pin constriction and at the projection. The decorative projection is lozenge-shaped and consists of V-shaped moulding before a centrally faceted terminal, and may represent a crude animal head or possibly a flower, elsewhere the frame is plain. The pin is absent.

NMGW-499672: BUCKLE
Incomplete cast small buckle with an integral plate, which has broken across a rivet hole. The buckle has a hole to house the missing pin. The sides of the frame are chamfered, while the outside edge is flat and expanded. There are two decorative projections either side of the plate. The surface has corroded.

NMGW-787653: BUCKLE
Post Medieval copper alloy buckle of 17th century date The buckle is of rectangular double-framed form and is complete (less the pin), but has broken with a length of 47.3mm and a width of 31.21mm. Both outer edges and the central area, above the bar, are decorated with trefoil knops. The buckle weighs 6.8g and has poor surface preservation with a mid-green patina.

NMGW-B32807: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle, probably of late 13th to 14th century date The buckle has a trapezoidal frame with integral plate and is near complete with an overall length of 41.27mm. The buckle frame is of sub-square section and is widest at the outside edge with a width of 15.59mm and has a width of 11.47mm on the inside edge. The plate has a damaged hole for the missing pin. The integral plate is rigid and was attached by an integral rivet on the rear of the plate near the frame, and by an iron rivet at the inside edge of the plate, as evidenced by iron corrosion on the terminal. The outside edge of the plate has a rectangular moulding 6.15mm wide before a convex rounded section (4.25mm wide) and terminating in a flat oval plate (6.50mm wide). The surface preservation on the buckle is variable, and where the surface survives it has a brown patina. The buckle weighs 3.2g.

NMGW-D7AF23: BUCKLE
Early Medieval copper alloy D-shaped buckle of 11th century date The buckle is incomplete, and is represented by a little over half of the outside edge of the buckle frame, and has a surviving length of 26.94mm and a surviving width of 33.45mm. The buckle frame is convex, giving the frame a surviving depth of 10.3mm, while the frame has a thickness of 4.45mm and weighs 10.5g. The buckle frame carries openwork decoration with cast ornament in high relief of late Anglo-Saxon or early Romanesque style. The decoration comprises a winged beast with a long snout biting a central device, possibly ‘the tree of life’. The central device contains triangular and lozenge-shaped recessed cells, although there is no notch to receive the pin. The beast’s front legs are also joined to the central device. The frame was likely to have been symmetrical about the centre, enabling a reconstruction of the outside edge of the buckle frame. A small trace of gilding survives on the inside edge of the buckle fragment. The buckle has a pale green to brown patina with good surface preservation.

NMGW-9D50B7: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy buckle of Late Roman date, probably from the 4th century AD. The buckle consists of the frame and pin, the frame has a length of 17.6mm, a maximum width of 19.1mm and weighs 2.4g. The buckle frame is D-shaped with triangular wings on each side of the outside edge of the frame. The pin restriction is defined by a broad groove with two central incised lines. The upper surface of the frame is decorated with punched and incised decoration, of dots and ring-and-dot motifs. The bar is plain with an internal width of 11.5mm and a thickness of 1.6mm. The rear of the frame is plain and flat. The pin is secured by being looped around the bar and has an S-shaped profile. The pin is decorated with incised decoration of opposing chevrons and linear motifs.

NMGW-DC86A1: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy annular buckle of Medieval date, probably dating from the late 14th century to the 15th century. The frame is circular with an external diameter of 48-49mm. The frame is of oval section (6 x 5mm) and is plain. The cast pin is 51.8mm long and has a transverse ridge beneath the loop. The pin has a faceted rectangular section and a maximum width of 5.1mm with sides that converge slightly to a blunt point. The buckle weighs 33.3g.

NMGW-86C103: BUCKLE
Roman cast copper alloy military buckle, probably dating from the mid 2nd to 3rd century AD. The buckle is incomplete with a surviving length of 43.1mm and is missing the bar and end of the plate. The buckle plate has a maximum width of 21.0mm, a maximum thickness of 4.8mm and weighs 12.2g. The missing bar was likely to have been made of iron (as evidenced by iron corrosion staining) and was secured by two loops of 2mm internal diameter. The attachment loops are each of dimensions 5.5 x 4.5 x 4.5mm. The upper face of the plate is convex and is decorated with incised or cut lines and cells. The area adjacent to the bar is decorated with the three incised lines. Two raised decorative knops on the upper face correspond to the attachment rivets on the underside. Between the two knops is an off-centre drilled hole, possibly from a repair. The decorative panel on the plate comprised a row of chevron cells on each side with a central row of three rectangular cells before a series of lozenge shaped cells, flanked by chevron-shaped cells. The cells would have held enamel, none of which now survives.

NMGW-1C8EA1: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame, probably of mid 14th to 16th century date. The buckle is likely to have been of double oval framed type. The frame has broken with only one of the two loops present and has a surviving length of 17.63mm, width of 21.73mm and weighs 1.6g. The outside edge of the frame has a thickness of 2mm with a flat underside and straight inner-edge. The bar is narrowed and has a diameter of 1.16 – 2.50mm. The frame is likely to have broken on the other side of the bar before the other loop, although it is possible that the frame was of single loop type with curved projections on the inside edge.

NMGW-708CA5: BUCKLE
Copper alloy decorative mount with a zoomorphic design. The raised design is contained within a rectangular border and depicts a bird with rear facing ribbed wings and head facing upwards. The cells between the design originally carried red enamel, small traces of which survive and can be seen with the aid of a microscope. The mount was originally rectangular in shape with at least two of the corners carrying bronze rivets, one of which survives. The sides have corroded and little of the original surface survives.

NMGW-D7DE05: BUCKLE
Cast oval frame buckle with offset and narrowed bar of Medieval date (c.1200-c.1400). The outer edge of the buckle is expanded and has a sub-triangular cross-section with a flat reverse. The bar is of D-shaped cross-section and the pin is now absent.

NMGW-2C8375: BUCKLE
Near complete Medieval cast copper alloy buckle with zoomorphic integral plate and ornate subrectangular frame, possibly of 14th century date. The sides of the buckle frame taper towards the outside edge of the frame, which gently curves towards a prominent lip, incorporating a notch for the pin. The pin is triangular and flat in profile, with the suggestion of two transverse markings around the pin. The plate is thick but relatively slender in relation to the frame. The plate depicts a beast, probably a dog biting, on the broken attachment at the terminal. The reverse of the buckle is flat with the slit to house the pin extending nearly as far back as the rivet hole.

NMGW-2F0AF6: BUCKLE
Gilded buckle comprising of a trapezoidal frame with folded sheet plate of Medieval date, possibly 14th century. The outside edge of the frame is ‘V’ shaped and extends slightly beyond the frame sides and is also more substantial than the rest of the frame. There is a low notch for the now missing pin, which was of iron. The folded sheet plate is rectangular with a rounded inside edge of the plate. The plate has a slot for the pin and is recessed for the frame. The single attachment rivet is still present near the inside edge of the plate. Gilding survives on both the frame and plate.

NMGW-30F076: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy single loop buckle with a plain circular frame, probably dating from 14th to the early 15th century (Ottaway & Rogers 2002, 2886). There has been confusion in categorising annular brooches and annular buckles, Egan’s (in Egan & Pritchard 1991, 64-5) definition of brooch frames having a constriction or a hole for the pin, would result in this example being categorised as a buckle. The frame is slightly oval, possibly as a result of distortion and is circular in cross-section. The pin is still attached and has an open loop around the frame. The pin is ‘D’ shaped in cross-section and tapers gently to the point. The pin is decorated with a simple single moulding or transverse ridge at the junction between the shaft and loop. The underside of the pin is flat and exhibits coarse file marks.

NMGW-95D7B1: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy buckle with trapeziform extension. The buckle is flat on both faces but the hoop is more rounded on the front. The sides of the extension are faceted. The loop is ovoid with the ends curved back upon themselves forming a decorative scroll design. The central bar is slight and appears worn. There is a slight wear facet where the now missing pin met the frame. The extension has a rectangular opening before a rectangular terminal with a fairly irregular slot which would have housed the belt tongue. The end bar is rounded in profile. The rectangular terminal has notched sides with a low waisted centre. The buckle has a slight convex profile and is generally in good condition with mid-green patina. One of the scroll terminals has recently broken and has been glued by the finder. This buckle type can be paralleled by examples from Caerleon (Webster 1992, 121, nos 75-78) and elsewhere. Oldenstein (1976) has catalogued examples in his survey of auxiliary equipment in use on the Upper German-Rhaetian frontier in the second and third centuries AD, in which he includes examples from elsewhere including Britain. Oldstein (ibid.) dates this buckle type to second half of the second century and the first half of the third. Webster (1992) suggests these buckles have a continental derivation and were in use mainly by auxiliary forces on the German-Rhaetian frontier and on Hadrian’s Wall, in the late second and Early third centuries, with an interesting grouping from Caerleon (ibid.). Webster (ibid.) also states that at this time many types of equipment were in common use throughout the army with no distinction between legionary and auxiliary usage.

NMGW-ACB861: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy buckle with a simple D-shaped frame and probably dating to between 1350 and 1500. Both faces of the buckle are flat with rounded edges. The outside of the edge expands to a slight point at the pin notch. The bar is narrowed and the pin is missing.

NMGW-ADB978: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy oval frame buckle, with a composite rigid plate, probably dating between 1350 and 1450. The plates and pin are missing. The buckle has a prominent lip with a low notch. The frame has a D shaped profile and the bar is narrowed. The forked spacer is damaged and is missing the terminals. There is a low step on the front and rear faces of the spacer, marking the position of the beginning of the plate.

NMGW-ADCBD3: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy buckle with a circular and simple frame and central bar probably dating between 1450-1650. This buckle may be a large example of a shoe buckle. The frame is plain with a rounded profile and steep internal sides. The bar has a triangular cross section. The buckle has suffered some distortion but was likely to have had an angled frame. The pin is absent. The brooch has a patchy black coating or patina.

NMGW-ADDE67: BUCKLE
Cast ornate copper alloy buckle with a double oval frame, probably dating to the from the 17th or 18th century. The frame has scrolled mouldings at the missing iron bar, and further decorative mouldings forming the pin notch. The frame has a rounded upper face with a flat back. The buckle was originally gilded.

NMGW-ADFAE8: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy buckle with an asymmetrical double loop frame, probably dating to the from the 16th to 18th century. The buckle incorporates an oval frame on one side with a rectangular frame the other. The oval side has a D shaped cross section with knops on the outside edge of the frame, and is otherwise plain. The rectangular side, including the bar has a rectangular or trapezoidal cross section and a series of decorative chevron moulding on the outside edge of the frame. The buckle was originally tinned or silvered.

NMGW-AE1608: BUCKLE
Cast oval frame buckle with integral plate probably of 13th or 14th century date. The buckle has sub-triangular profile and a plate consisting of a narrow bar with a rivet hole at each end. The buckle frame is tear shaped with a curved bar defining a circular opening, mimicking the attachment holes. The outside edge of the frame has a pronounced lip but elsewhere is plain. The buckle is gently concave along its length.

NMGW-AE2B32: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy oval buckle with a simple frame and central bar of iron, now missing, probably of 17th or 18th cetury date. The buckle has a flat back with bevelled sides and has a rounded front face with vertical inner sides. The frame is plain.

NMGW-AE4124: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy sub-rectangular buckle frame of 15th to 17th century date. The frame has a wide pronounced lip with angled sides. The bar is thinned with a central expanded area indicating the position of the missing pin. This area would suggest the buckle had a folded sheet plate, which is now lost. The sides are concave and the outside edge of the frame is rounded.

NMGW-AE6C71: BUCKLE
Cast copper alloy single loop buckle frame, probably of Medieval or early Post Medieval date c. 1270 – 1600. The frame is plain apart from the pin notch on one face. The bar is slightly thinned and the outside edge of the frame is slightly expanded. The frame is relatively flat on both faces with rounded sides. There is some iron corrosion on the bar, suggesting the missing pin was made of iron.

NMGW-421B97: BUCKLE
Complete cast copper alloy oval framed buckle with ornate outside edges, probably of 13th –14th century date. The outside edge of the frame is a heavy moulding and visually suggests a roller, it is decorated on the upper surface with a series of transverse incised lines. The sides of the frame are rounded and a subtle moulding defines the offset and narrowed bar. The pin is still present and is constructed from sheet copper alloy with a single transverse ridge.

NMGW-E736C1: BUCKLE
Annular ring of copper alloy. This is likely to be a simple annular or oval buckle frame of Medieval date, probably 13th –15th century. The ring is plain with a simple notch on one face to house the pin. The frame is expanded at the point of the notch. The profile of the frame is generally ‘D’ shaped. It is often difficult to distinguish buckles of this type from simple brooches, and there remains a possibility this item is a plain annular brooch.

NMGW-23BC45: BUCKLE
Copper alloy circular frame buckle with integral central bar of Late Medieval or Early Post Medieval date, dating to the 15th or 16th century. The buckle has a D-shaped section and the outer frame is decorated with transverse moulded grooves. One side of the frame has strap restrictions defined by two crescent shaped recesses. The decorative grooves are closer together on the side with the crescent recesses.

NMGW-23D471: BUCKLE
Copper alloy trapezoidal buckle frame with integral plate of Medieval date, possibly dating from the 15th century. The buckle has corroded but is near complete. The rectangular sectioned pin is present and is slotted into the plate. The plate is bevelled on its top surface and ends in a moulding before the incomplete attachment loop.

Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Medieval copper alloy buckle of unusual form. The buckle has broken and is distorted but is complete, except for the missing pin. The buckle has a single loop frame with a central bar. The outside edge of the frame is decorated with a projecting zoomorphic head and the inside edge has a ridged triangular projection. Together they appear to represent the head and tail of an animal, possibly a bird. The animal head design resembles buckle / brooches, such as Egan’s (1991) No 212, dated to c.1350-1400. Egan (ibid.) dates simple circular framed buckles with a central bar from c.1400, and the type appears to continue to c.1600.

NMGW-E8ACA3: BUCKLE
Cast Medieval copper alloy buckle, probably of 13th to 14th century date. The buckle frame is oval with an ornate outside edge. The pin is present but has broken at the loop and is of simple form with a rectangular section. The frame is of D-shaped section and the bar is narrowed and offset. The outside edge has two prominent central ridges, forming a restriction for the pin and another ridges near the sides separating the slight side knops.

NMGW-DECF55: BUCKLE
Medieval cast annular buckle or open frame brooch of Medieval date, and probably dating from the late 13th to the mid 15th century. The frame is slightly oval and is relatively substantial for a brooch, but has both a restriction and notch for the pin on either side of the frame. The frame is of sub-triangular section, with a rounded outside edge and near-perpendicular (to the underside) inside edge. The frame has a discernible casting flaw on the inside edge and does not carry any decoration.

NMGW-6AC6D2: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle, probably of mid 14th to early 15th century date The buckle is of oval framed type with composite rigid plates and is near complete but has lost the two sheet plates and the end of one fork, the pin is also unlikely to be original. The buckle has an overall length of 41.31mm and a maximum width across the frame of 22.59mm. The frame is of quadrangular faceted section with a thickness of 2.87mm. The outside edge of the frame has a pointed lip. The bar is continuous with the inside edge of the frame (not off-set). The position where the plates met the frame is marked with a slight step to the forked spacer. The rear of the forked spacer displays the remnants of a pale coloured adhesive. The pin comprises a thin wire (0.8mm diameter) crudely bent around the bar. The buckle weighs 5.0g and has good surface preservation with a dark brown patina and displays file marks from the manufacture.

Late medieval to Post medieval copper alloy buckle of 14th to 16th century date The buckle frame is of trapezoidal form with a concave outer edge (with a length of 24.7mm, a width at the outside edge of 22.7mm, a width at the bar of 16.1mm and a weight of 4.4g). The frame is of sub-square section (3mm square). The corners of the outside edge are decorated with diagonal grooves. The frame is damaged at the centre of the outside edge, removing any decoration of notch for the pin. The sides of the frame are gently concave and convergent to the sub-circular sectioned bar. The pin is simply looped around the bar and is rectangular-sectioned, with straight sides gradually converging to the tip. The surface has been lost and is now stripped to the brown-bronze coloured metal.

NMGW-97F107: BUCKLE
Post medieval copper alloy buckle frame of 16th to early 17th century date The buckle frame of double-looped, asymmetric form and is near-complete, missing the pin but is distorted (with a length of 56.0mm and a weight of 18.2g). The outside loop is oval, while the loop at the attachment end is sub-rectangular. The frame is decorated on the outside edge and o the sides of the mid-part with cast fleur-de-lis devices. The sides and outside edge of the frame are of sub-rectangular section (2.6mm - 3.5mm thick and 4.4mm wide). The bar across the mid-section is of sub-triangular section. The bar is of sub-circular section (3.1 - 4.4mm diameter) and has knobs at its terminals. The rear of the frame has slight depressions on the rear of each fleur-de-lis. The surface has a brown patina.

Medieval copper alloy buckle of oval framed form with a narrowed and offset bar of 13th to 15th century date The frame is complete (with a length of 20.7mm, a width of 23.5mm and a weight of 2.6g) and is of sub-rectangular section (1.8mm thick). The outside edge is slightly widened (at 2.7mm wide) and is without a lip for the pin. The terminals at the end of the narrowed offset bar, protrude to the rear slightly and may have been zoomorphic beast's heads but are now heavily worn and corroded. No other decoration is evident on the buckle. The pin is of D-shaped section with straight sides, gradually converging to the point. The corroded surface has a dark-green to brown patina.

NMGW-17B95A: BUCKLE
Post medieval copper alloy buckle of mid-16th to mid-17th century date The cast buckle frame is of rectangular form (33.7mm long, 46.1mm wide and weighing 18.7g) and is complete except for the pin. The integral outside edge resembles a roller and is decorated with diagonal notches either side of a central notch for the pin. The underside of the outside edge is bevelled. The sides have two rounded lobes, with a larger lobe near the bar (9mm deep and 5.4mm thick). The bar is offset and narrowed. The surface is unpatinated, tarnished 'bronze'.

NMGW-C9A370: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy oval buckle with separate plate, probably of mid 14th to 16th century date The buckle comprises the oval frame (26.1mm long and 25.1mm wide) with separate folded sheet plate 30.0mm long, 15.2mm wide and 1.4mm thick). The buckle has an expanded outside edge (4.9mm wide and 4.2mm thick) with a notch for the pin. The sides are convex and the bar is offset. The pin does not survive but the presence of iron corrosion suggests an iron was used. The plate was folded around the bar with a slot for the pin. The plate was probably of rectangular form but is now corroded with peripheral loss. The plate was attached to the strap and closed by a rivet near the attachment end, which is still in place (with a length of 5.2mm and a diameter of 3.3mm). No trace of applied decoration survives on the plate but there is the suggestion of a transverse rib behind the pin slot. The surface is heavily-corroded with traces of a dark-green patina.

NMGW-38A7D3: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of mid 12th to 14th century date The buckle frame is oval with ornate outside edge and is missing the pin (with a length of 16.4mm and a weight of 1.9g). The outside edge is of D-shaped section (3.5mm wide and 2.8mm thick) and decorated with transverse grooves but is without a notch for the pin. The sides are convex (giving the buckle a width of 23.8mm and thickness of 1.9mm) and of faceted section. The bar is narrowed and offset (with a diameter of 1.7mm - 2.0mm). The surface has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-5EBA89: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of 14th to 16th century date The buckle is of 'locking' type and is incomplete, missing the arm (with a length of 28.2mm and a weight of 6.8g). The frame is rectangular 28.3mm long and 16.4mm wide). The outside edge of the frame is wider (at 4.9mmmm compared to 2.0mm) than the other and has a step near the end. The underside of the outside end is bevelled. The sides of the frame are rectangular sectioned and the inside end is circular sectioned (2mm diameter). The chape is oval sectioned around the bar with the central integral pin (9.3mm long). The copper alloy arm is broken (with a surviving length of 4.3mm) and is riveted through the frame as the bar. The surface has a pale-green to brown corrosion.

Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type and of mid 13th to mid 15th century date The buckle frame is near-circular (24.5mm - 45.4mm external diameter, 34.2mm - 35.2mm internal diameter and weighing 16.9g) and is of faceted, sub-oval section (4.1mm - 5.3mm wide and 4.3mm - 5.2mm thick). Faceting on the frame may be the result of wear from a strap. There is no pin restriction on the frame. The pin is incomplete (with a surviving length of 30.5mm) and has an open loop around the frame, now truncated and is narrowest at the rear of the loop, gradually widening towards the shaft (with a diameter of 11.8mm and a width of 2.2mm - 3.7mm) and with a ridged moulding at its base. The pin is of rounded, sub-rectangular section and gradually tapers to the break. The surface is corroded with a grey-green patina and areas of pale green corrosion.

Late medieval copper alloy buckle of 13th or 14th century date The buckle is near-complete, missing the pin and is of concave, rectangular form with central bar (with a length of 35.5mm, a width of 45.4mm, a depth of 10.4mm and a weight of 25.5g). Both outside edges are circular-sectioned (6.7mm diameter) with four deep and regularly spaced grooves cut from the outside (3.1mm deep). The frame is enhanced with a cross-hatched design between the grooves. The sides are of sub-rectangular section (4.5mm wide and 3.2mm thick) and are decorated with a circle of pellets with a central pellet, resembling a flower on the mid-point, where the sides meet the bar. The sides are enhanced with an incised cross at the ends of the outside edge and the ends of the bar. The bar is sub-circular sectioned (3mm diameter). And has areas of wear where the missing pin was looped. The surface has a dark-green patina with areas of adhering iron corrosion. The buckle can be closely paralleled with an example excavated in London (Egan & Pritchard, 1991, no. 443, p 97)[1] from a late-13th to mid-14th century context. [1] Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London

NMGW-47ACD3: BUCKLE
Late medieval copper alloy buckle of mid-14th to mid-15th century date The buckle is incomplete, missing the sheet plates and one of the side forks (with a length of 8.1g). The frame is oval with a central, pointed lip (5.0mm wide) and a probable notch for the pin, now worn. Otherwise the frame is of consistent with and thickness and of triangular section (2.5mm wide and 2.4mm thick). There are rounded ribs behind the frame (giving the buckle a maximum thickness of 4.6mm and with a length of 5.6mm) suggesting that separate sheet-metal plates were employed. There is a rabbet (3.3mm wide) for the short bar, around which the copper alloy pin is looped (with a length 19.1mm). The pin loop is open at the rear and has shoulders at the start of the shaft before gradually converging to the tip. The forked spacer two steps on each side to the square-sectioned prongs, only one of which now survives. The surface has been stripped and is now bronze with a black patina.

NMGW-6781C5: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of 13th to 15th century date The buckle comprises the oval frame only (with a length of 25.5mm, a width of 30.7mm and a weight of 5.7g). The buckle is of simple form with a consistent rectangular section (2.8mm thick). The outside edge is expanded (to 7.0mm wide) and has a notch for the pin. There is no applied decoration on the frame. The surface has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-E718C4: BUCKLE
Roman copper alloy military buckle of 'Kidney-bean' type with internal scroll and stepped-strap connector of 2nd century AD date The buckle is near-complete, missing the pin and one of the scroll terminal (with an overall length of 41.5mm and a weight of 12.4g). The outside edge of the frame is of sub-rectangular section (3mm wide and 3.4mm thick) and is re-curved back to the neck (with a maximum width of 33.6mm). The frame continues into the interior of the buckle with a scroll either side of the missing pin. The bar is circular sectioned (1.5mm diameter and 5.7mm long). The neck (with a width of 16.8mm) has a rectangular slot at its centre and the sides have been enhanced with facets. The terminal is expanded (with a width of 23.9mm and a thickness of 4.2mm) and decorative grooves have been cut into the sides. There is an irregular oval slot (11.0mm long and 3.1mm wide) to accommodate the strap with significant discernable wear on both faces from the slot. There is no applied decoration evident on the buckle. The surface has a dark-green patina with areas of bright-green surface loss. The buckle is of military type and buckles of this general form have been suggested as being from utilised by the cavalry (Appels & Laycock, 2007, pp 103) . A similar buckle from North Lincolnshire (ibid. pp 103, fig. AA12.11) with a more elaborate neck was suggested as being of early 2nd century date. ~~ Appels, A. & Laycock, S.; 2007; Roman Buckles and Military Fittings

NMGW-F8D9A6: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of mid 12th to 14th century date The buckle frame is oval with ornate outside edge and is missing the pin (with a length of 15.7mm and a weight of 1.7g). The outside edge is expanded and of sub-rectangular section (4.8mm long, 4.5mm wide and 3.9mm thick) and decorated on the front and rear with fine ribs and grooves. A pair of ribs near the centre and likely to have acted as a notch for the pin. The sides are convex (giving the buckle a width of 16.7mm) and of rectangular section (0.7mm thick and 2.7mm wide). The square-sectioned bar (1.6mm square) is narrowed and offset. The surface has a dark-green to dark-brown patina.

NMGW-F9BEA5: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of mid-14th to mid-15th century date The buckle frame is of D-shaped form and is complete but is missing the pin (with a length of 27.8mm, a width of 26.8mm and a weight of 4.1g). The outside edge has a lip and a notch for the missing pin (with a width of 5.0mm). The frame has a continuous curve to the offset and narrowed bar. The sides are of rounded sub-square section (3mm square) and no applied decoration is evident on the frame. The surface is corroded and pitted with a dark-green patina.

NMGW-62F521: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy oval buckle with separate plate, probably of mid-14th to 16th century date The buckle comprises the oval frame (24.2mm long and 27.1mm wide) with separate folded sheet plate (33.3mm long, 15.8mm wide and 1.4mm thick). The buckle has an expanded outside edge (5.5mm wide and 4.5mm thick), which in convex (8.6mm deep) and has a notch for the pin. The sides are also convex and the bar is offset and narrowed. The pin does not survive but the presence of iron corrosion suggests an iron pin was used. The plate is folded around the bar (7.6mm deep) with a slot for the pin. The plate is of rectangular form with the underside part of the plate slightly smaller. The plate was attached to the strap and closed by a rivet near the attachment end, which is still in place (with a length of 7.0mm and a head diameter on the rear of 4.5mm) but not noticeable on the front plate. The surface of both the frame and plate is very-heavily corroded and pitted with dark-green to brown corrosion and no trace of applied decoration survives.

NMGW-F630BB: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy oval framed buckle with roller, probably of 14th or 15th century date The buckle frame is fragmentary, represented by the outside edge and part of the sides only (with a surviving length of 10.4mm, a surviving width of 23.2mm and a weight of 3.4g). The outside edge of the frame is ornate and is of circular section (6.0mm diameter at the ends). The centre is narrowed to accommodate a separate sheet copper alloy roller (10.2mm wide and 6.1mm diameter). The roller was enhanced with pairs of incised lines, now corroded and mostly lost. The sides of the frame were curved and of oval section (3mm wide and 2.6mm thick). The buckle frame has a grey-green surface patina while the roller has a dark-green patina. The buckle fragment can be closely paralleled with an example excavated from London (Egan & Pritchard, 1991, p 74, no. 301) and recovered from a mid to late 14th century context. ~~ Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London

NMGW-0B2BCC: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type, of mid 13th to mid 15th century date. The buckle frame is now oval in shape (length: 43.5mm external and 35.5mm internal diameter, and width: 35.8mm external and 28.5mm internal diameter and weighing 11.16g) but is likely to be of distorted circular form. The frame is of oval section (3.6mm to 3.8mm wide and 2.4mm thick). There is no pin restriction on the frame. The pin is also somewhat distorted and has a moulding at the base. It has an open loop around the frame and the shaft is of sub-rectangular section (3.5mm by 2.9mm at the moulding) and tapering to a point. There is no groove to accommodate the frame at the tip. The surface has a dark- green patina.

NMGW-8A6431: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of oval frame with composite rigid plates, now missing and of mid-14th or 15th century date The buckle is missing the sheet plates, the pin and is distorted (with a distorted length of 37.2mm and a weight of 6.7g). The frame is oval (with a width of 29.2mm) and has a lip with a notch on the outside edge. The frame is of triangular section (with a thickness of 2.6mm) and narrows at the bar, which has broken because of the distortion. Behind the frame, the spacer has rounded ribs on both faces (with a thickness of 4.1mm), which would have abutted the missing plates. No applied decoration is evident on the buckle. The surface has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-9F4BEE: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle with a rectangular frame and folded plate, probably of 13th or 14th century date The buckle is near-complete, missing the pin (with an overall length of 35.2mm and a weight of 8.8g). The rectangular frame (15.3mm long and 24.2mm wide) has a prominent lip with notch to accommodate the missing pin. The frame is rectangular-sectioned but is deep (with a height of 5.5mm and a thickness of 1.6mm). The folded sheet plate (24.2mm long, 23.5mm wide, 6.2mm deep and 2.0mm thick) has a slot for the pin and is recessed to accommodate the corners of the frame. The rear of the plate (at 10.3mm long) is not as long as the front. The plate is decorated with four vertical grooves, each enhanced with punched notches. The attachment end has three projecting spikes, which are presumably decorative. There are no attachment holes in the plate and it remains uncertain how the strap was attached to the buckle. The surface has remnants of a mid-green patina, now discoloured from a recently applied oily coating.

NMGW-DE2E36: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of sub-rectangular form and of mid-14th to mid-15th century date The buckle frame and pin are present but it is unclear if there was a plate. The trapezoidal frame is comparatively small (with a length of 13.3mm, a width of 11.5mm and a weight of 1.1g). The outside edge is expanded (4.0mm wide and 2.7mm thick) and has three grooves, the larger groove at the centre is to accommodate the pin. The sides are narrow (0.8mm wide) and slightly convex and convergent to the bar. The sheet copper alloy pin is simply looped around the bar and open at the rear. The surface is heavily corroded with a pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-DE4221: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type and of mid-13th to mid-15th century date The buckle frame is circular (32.5mm external diameter, 24.7mm internal diameter and weighing 10.6g) and is of sub-circular section (3.7mm - 4.3mm diameter). Faceting on the inside of the frame may be the result of wear from a strap. There is no pin restriction on the frame. The pin is complete (with a length of 34.9mm) and has an open loop around the frame, now truncated and is narrowest at the rear of the loop, gradually widening towards the shaft (with a diameter of 9.1mm - 10.8mm and a width of 3.7mm - 4.3mm) and with a moulding at its base. The pin is of rounded, D-shaped section. The surface is corroded with a grey-green patina.

NMGW-E08DFF: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of rectangular form and of mid-14th to mid-15th century date The buckle is represented by the rectangular frame only is comparatively small (with a length of 13.1mm, a width of 11.3mm and a weight of 0.7g). The outside edge is expanded but thinner than the sides (3.7mm wide and 1.8mm thick) and does not have a groove to accommodate the pin but there is a possible area of wear from the pin. The sides are narrow (0.8mm wide) and very slightly convex and convergent to the bar. The surface is corroded with a dark grey-green patina. The slight thinning of the outside edge may suggest the frame is from a folding strap clasp of mid-13th to mid-15th century date.

Late Medieval copper alloy buckle of 15th century date The buckle is incomplete, missing the majority of the frame and the back-plate (with a length of 55.5mm and a weight of 10.4g). The frame was likely to have been of oval form (with a surviving length of 10.0mm and a surviving width of 30.2mm) and is of sub-rectangular section (3.7mm wide and 3.2mm thick) decorated, at least on the sides with transverse grooves. The circular-sectioned copper alloy pin survives (with a length of 33.5mm and a diameter of 2.5mm), secured in an oval aperture behind the frame, where the buckle narrows (to 16.8mm with a thickness of 2.5mm). A transverse rib marks the beginning of the integral, hollow strap plate. The sides of the plate are straight and divergent to the attachment end (where they have a width of 25.5mm and a thickness of 4.0mm). The strap was enclosed with a separate back plate, now lost and secured with four separate copper alloy rivets, one of which now survives. The front of the plate has geometric incised decoration within a linear border, probably letters for a brief inscription in Blackletter script, now difficult to read. The interior of the letters are filled with incised hatching. The surface has remnants of white-metal coating, surviving on the plate and bar.

Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of mid-12th to 14th century date The buckle frame is oval with ornate outside edge and is missing the pin (with a length of 18.5mm and a weight of 3.2g). The outside edge is expanded and of sub-triangular section (18.5mm long, 5.8mm wide and 4.7mm thick) and decorated on the front and rear with fine ribs and grooves. A pair of ribs near the centre flank a central groove which would have been a notch for the pin. The sides are convex (giving the buckle a width of 18.8mm) and of sub-rectangular section (3.3mm thick and 1.8mm wide). The sub-square-sectioned bar (2.3mm square) is narrowed and offset. The surface has a consistent dark-green patina.

NMGW-4C33DE: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type and of mid-13th to mid-15th century date The buckle frame is sub-circular and comparatively large (with an external diameter of 43.6mm - 44.8mm, an internal diameter of 37mm and weighing 12.0g) and is of oval section (3.6mm wide and 2.4mm - 3.0mm thick). Faceting on the inside of the frame may be the result of wear from a strap. There is no pin restriction on the frame or applied decoration. The pin is complete (with a length of 48.0mm) and has an open loop around the frame, now worn and is narrowest at the rear of the loop, widening towards the shaft (with a diameter of 9mm and a width of 3.6mm ) and with a four-ribbed moulding at its base. The pin shaft is of sub-rectangular section. The surface has a dark-grey patina, suggesting an alloy with comparatively high levels of tin or lead.

NMGW-E03A81: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame with separate plate of mid-12th to 14th century date The buckle is represented by the oval frame and the fragmentary sheet plate but is missing the pin (with an overall length of 38.7mm and a weight of 3.4g). The buckle frame (with a length of 16.4mm and a weight of 2.2g) is of ornate outside edge type. The outside edge is expanded and of rectangular section (4.3mm wide and 3.6mm thick) and decorated on the front with ribbed mouldings and grooves. A central groove which would defines a notch for the missing pin. The sides are convex (giving the buckle a width of 19.7mm) and of rectangular section (2.9mm thick and 1.8mm wide). The rectangular-sectioned bar (2.3mm x 1.9mm) is narrowed and offset. The surface has a dark-green patina 3with patches of surface loss. The sheet metal plate was folded with a hole, rather than slot to accommodate the pin and is in two fragments, broken behind the bend. The edges are worn but was originally probably rectangular (with a length of 26.5mm, a width of 13.1mm and a thickness of 0.5mm). The plate was secured by two separate rivets, now lost and positioned near the attachment end. The rear plate is shorter than the front. There is no applied decoration evident on either face. The surface has a dark-green patina with a pale-brown corrosion.

NMGW-F0CDB3: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle plate of 14th or 15th century date The buckle is fragmentary, represented by the incomplete folded sheet metal plate only (with a surviving length of 29.0mm and a weight of 2.8g). The plate is corroded with some peripheral loss but was rectangular and had a slot for the pin. The corners were recessed to accommodate the missing frame. The folded strips flanking the slot are now broken and incomplete. The plate was attached to the belt by two attachment rivets (of 1.6mm diameter), both positioned near the attachment end. The strap between the plates remains in place and is textile rather than leather. Louise Mumford, Organic conservator and textile specialist commented that the textile (c. 2mm thick and 11mm wide) has longitudinal threads (warp) 0.9 - 1.0mm diameter, Z-spun and S-plied Transverse threads (weft) were difficult to examine, but appear to be of a similar diameter; it was impossible to see whether the thread was plied or the direction of spin. Sample fibres were taken from both systems for identification but appears likely to be linen. Weft thread count of 7-8 per centimetre. Although difficult to ascertain the structure of the textile, from examination of what is visible at the edges, but there a suggestion of the warps twisting, which would indicate tablet weaving. The surface of the copper alloy plate is corroded with a pale-brown patina overlying the pale-green corrosion.

Medieval copper alloy buckle of oval frame and integral rigid plate type, of mid-13th or 14th century date The buckle is probably near-complete, perhaps missing the attachment end (with a length of 41.4mm and a weight of 4.0g). The outside edge is embellished with an integral bilobed openwork device, probably a crown. The frame is oval (giving the buckle a maximum width of 13.2mm) and is of sub-rectangular section (with a width of 1.7mm - 2.7mm and a thickness of 2.2mm). There is a circular perforation behind the frame to accommodate the copper alloy pin (with a length of 13.5mm). The integral plate is of D-shaped section (8.3mm wide and 2.0mm - 3.0mm thick). The plate is decorated with transverse ribbing flanking enlarged rounded mouldings. The plate has two separate attachment rivets, probably of iron with one positioned behind the pin and the other on a rounded lobe near the attachment end. The rear of the buckle is irregular, less finished and slightly dished. The end of the plate appears to have a break where it narrows and may have had an integral hook, now lost. The surface has a dark green patina with areas of brown corrosion, probably ferrous.

NMGW-FF8ACB: BUCKLE
Description A cast copper alloy Medieval buckle frame dating to c. AD 1150-1200. The frame is single looped and oval in plan with ornate outside edges (Egan and Pritchard 2002: 76). The outside edge has three knops with raised bands between. The bar is offset and narrowed. The reverse is undecorated, flat, and worn. The surface is an uneven dark patina with patches of mid-green surface corrosion and measures 13mm in length, 5.3mm in width, 2.7mm thick and weighs 1.3g. A parallel of this type is illustrated in Egan and Pritchard 2002 p.77 no. 314.

NMGW-FFA87A: BUCKLE
Description A cast copper alloy Medieval buckle frame dating to c. AD 1150-1200. The frame is single looped and oval in plan with ornate outside edges (Egan and Pritchard 2002: 72). The bar is offset and narrowed. The outside edge projects from the frame in a semi-rectangle shape and is decorated with six grooved lines. The reverse is undecorated, flat, and worn. The object is a dark greenish grey patina and measures 17.2mm in length, 17mm in width, 2.2mm thick and weighs 1.73g. A parallel of this type is illustrated in Egan and Pritchard 2002 p.73 no. 294.

NMGW-25DF68: BUCKLE
An incomplete copper alloy Medieval buckle dating to c. AD 1350-1400. The object consists of a sub-rectangular buckle frame and plate. The frame (25mm length, 16mm width) is a single loop type with a recessed bar and extended outer edge which is rounded at the end. The outer edge is semi-triangular in cross section and decorated with a chevron dividing the surface into two panels of incised grooves; the first with six crudely equidistant straight grooves, and the second with four larger and slightly diagonal grooves flanking a raised central lip. The folded plate (26.6mm length, 11.6mm width) is recessed for the frame and is perforated for the pin, which is missing, and is decorated by an X in field defined by a line to each side. A single rivet of copper alloy perforates the end. A fragment of the iron pin accompanies the buckle. The reverse is undecorated. The object is a mid-green patina and measures 51mm in length, 16mm in width, 4.4mm thick and weighs 4.72g. A close parallel is illustrated in Egan and Pritchard 2001 p. 119 no. 568. Egan and Pritchard’s example is a folding clasp rather than a buckle, so this object is likely a modification or variation of the usual type. The King’s head may have been lost in antiquity. Similar buckles have been recorded on the PAS database, e.g. SUSS-C90665

NMGW-26BBCB: BUCKLE
A fragment of a copper alloy Medieval buckle frame probably dating to c. AD 1350-1400. The object was likely originally a single loop D-shaped buckle frame with a curved, widened outer edge. The break on the wider outer edge is likely at the central pin rest. The fragment is roughly D-shaped in cross section with a slightly convex reverse surface and a wider, flat obverse. The obverse surface of the fragment is decorated with incised lines in geometric patterns including two triangles facing in opposite directions on the outer edge (inward facing) and curve (outward facing). Diagonal incised lines radiate from the triangles, terminating at 5 transverse grooves on either end of the triangle. This pattern likely repeated across the entire buckle frame. The reverse is undecorated and worn. The object is a greyish-green patina and measures 21.3mm in length, 18.2mm in width, 3.4mm thick and weighs 2.84g. A similar but less ornate object is recorded in Egan and Pritchard 2002 p. 91 no. 415.

NMGW-8AD5F8: BUCKLE
A copper alloy buckle probably of late medieval or post medieval date (c. AD 1350-1700). The object is a cast rectangular buckle frame with an expanded moulded outer edge incised with four approximately equidistant grooves flanking the central pin rest. The metal has a dark green patina. The buckle is 16mm in length, 16.5mm in width, 3.3mm in thick and weighs 1.84g. XRF: Cu 41%, Pb 26%, Sn 16.5%

NMGW-B14B7D: BUCKLE
Copper alloy buckle of medieval to early post medieval date The buckle has a circular frame and integral, solid plate, missing the pin and now heavily-corroded (with a length of 35.1mm and a weight of 2.6g). The circular frame (20.2mm diameter) was of sub-rectangular section (1.5mm wide and 2.2mm thick). There was a perforation behind the frame to accommodate the missing pin, which appears to be filled with ferrous corrosion, suggesting an iron pin. The solid integral plate is eroded but was likely to have been rectangular (7.6mm wide and 2.3mm thick) There is the suggestion of an attachment rivet hole at the rear, also containing ferrous corrosion. There is no surviving decoration on the buckle. The surface is heavily-corroded and stripped to the red-brown metal with a pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-B1CECC: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of c. 14th to 16th century date The cast buckle is of integral plate type with a trapezoidal frame and is complete but with a distorted plate (with a distorted length of 39.0mm, a straightened length of 53mm and a weight of 5.2g), now bent at an obtuse angle. The buckle frame is of trapezoidal form widening to the outside edge, with knops on the corners of the outside edge (with a width of 19.5mm and a thickness of 2.0mm). The frame is of triangular section (1.7mm – 2.5mm wide and 1.3mm thick). The pin is secured around a bar formed from perforation through the end of the integral plate. The sides are expanded at the position of the pin, suggesting a bar. The plate is rectangular, with straight parallel sides (8.4mm wide and 1.9mm thick) and was attached using two separate rivets, now lost, positioned behind the pin and near the attachment end (with a diameter of 2.8mm diameter). The front of the plate had an incised border but any decoration on the interior has been lost. The buckle is heavily-corroded and mostly stripped to the red-brown corroded metal.

NMGW-5AAD7E: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of late 13th to early 15th century date The buckle is complete and comprises a cast oval frame with folded sheet plate (with an overall length of 34.6mm and a weight of 4.1g). The decorative oval sub-rectangular sectioned frame (with a length of 16mm, a width of 19.2mm and a thickness of 2.2mm) has a protruding pointed lip with a notch for the pin. The bar is offset and probably narrowed, within the folded plate. The top of the pin loop is faceted and there is a slight collar before the D-shaped section pin shaft (with an overall pin length of 14.4mm, a width of 2.3mm and a thickness of 0.6mm). The folded sheet (22.5mm long, 14.5mm wide and 2.5mm deep) has a slot to accommodate the pin. The strap was secured to the plate using two copper alloy rivets positioned near the attachment end. The attachment end is concave but no other decoration is evident on the plate. The plates can rotate slightly about the frame, indicating that there is no forked spacer within the plates. The surface is now a dark green- brown matt as a result of a recently applied coating. Five buckles of similar form were recovered from excavations in London (Egan & Pritchard, 1991, nos. 306-310, p. 74)[1] recovered from late 13th to early 15th century contexts. [1] Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London

NMGW-1345E2: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of 14th or 15th century date The cast buckle was of sub-triangular form and is fragmentary, missing the bar and any plate (with a surviving length of 24.8mm, a width of 46.3mm and a weight of 4.9g). The outside edge is elaborate and wide (at 12.6mm and 2.3mm thick). There is a central groove for the missing pin and decorative diagonal grooves each side, forming chevrons. Elsewhere, the frame narrows and thins (with a diameter of 2mm) to the ends of the missing bar. The terminals suggest that the bar was off-set and narrowed. The surface is corroded and stripped to red-brown surface with a dark-green patina and traces of gilding surviving in the grooves.

NMGW-671E46: BUCKLE
A fragmentary cast copper alloy object, probably a buckle frame. The fragment comprises a narrowed offset bar and part of the frame. The frame was likely oval in shape, but much has been lost in an old break. The object has a green patina with a surviving maximum length of 30.5mm, width 29.3mm, thickness 5mm and weight 3.06g. Oval frames with offset narrowed bars are illustrated in Egan and Pritchard 2002 p.68.

NMGW-4485DB: BUCKLE
An incomplete copper-alloy composite buckle with integral forked spacer of Medieval date (C.1350-1500 AD). The frame is missing apart from a short section. The frame for this type of buckle was typically oval, often with a notched lip. The bar is offset and narrowed to fit the now absent pin. The sheet plates are rectangular and of different lengths: the upper plate measures 26.5mm by 14mm while the lower plate measures 23.6mm by 14.2mm. The inside edge of the plate is convex on the upper plate and straight on the lower, with a round aperture perforating the centre of the plates inside edges. The aperture is flanked by two rivets. The plates would have been soldered to the spacer and attached to the strap using the rivets. The upper plate has a green patina, while the lower plate is brown, with patches of green corrosion. The spacer is dark grey in colour. Cf. various objects in Egan-Pritchard (1991, p. 79-81, figs. 48-49), and SF-6D58D7

NMGW-5CDA1E: BUCKLE
An incomplete copper alloy and iron buckle of Post-Medieval date (c. 1650-1720). The double looped rounded trapezoidal frame (32.6mm long, 20.1mm wide) is symmetrical apart from a notch for the pin. Decorative mouldings are visible on the frame where holes have been drilled to insert the iron bar holding the anchor shaped attachment bar (25.5mm long, 14.3mm wide) and the now absent pin. The surface of the buckle is dark brown and green and pitted, with much of the original surface lost. This type of buckle dates to the later 17th and early 18th centuries and was used to fasten shoes or knee breeches. Cf. DUR-D14783.

NMGW-595FB9: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of 13th to 16th century date The cast buckle is of rectangular form and is comparatively small (13.0mm long, 15.0mm wide and weighing 1.8g) missing its pin and any plates that it may have had. The frame is of faceted hexagonal section (2.4mm thick and 2.0mm – 2.5mm wide). The outside edge is decorated with notches defining ribs on both faces. The surface has green-brown patina. The small frame, slightly unusual but closely paralleled with a smaller example (2017.39.13) found in the proximity may suggest a specialised function for the buckles.

NMGW-596C1B: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of 13th to 16th century date The cast buckle is of rectangular form and is comparatively small (10.1mm long, 14.4mm wide and weighing 1.3g) missing its pin and any plates that it may have had. The frame is of faceted hexagonal section (2.5mm thick and 1.4mm – 1.8mm wide). The outside edge is decorated with notches defining ribs on both faces. The surface has dark-green-patina. The small frame, slightly unusual but closely paralleled with a slightly larger example (2017.39.12) found in the proximity may suggest a specialised function for the buckles.

NMGW-9B4377: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type, of mid-13th to mid-15th century date. The buckle frame is circular (with an external diameter of 38.5mm, an internal diameter of 31.4mm and a weight of 5.7g) but is heavily-corroded and with fragmentary pin. The frame is of oval section and is differentially worn and corroded (with a width of 1.6mm to 4.0mm wide and 1.0mm - 3.2mm thick). There is no pin restriction on the frame and no decoration is evident. The pin (with a surviving length of 24.0mm) has a moulding at its base and an open loop around the frame (10.1mm deep and 7.5mm long). The shaft is of sub-rectangular section (of 4.4mm by 3.5mm section below the moulding) and tapering to the break. The surface is corroded with a dark-green patina with areas of bright green corrosion.

NMGW-EA21CB: BUCKLE
Copper alloy buckle frame of D-shaped form and probably of Medieval date The buckle is complete (with a length of 22.6mm, a width of 35.5mm and a weight of 5.8g) but any associated sheet plates are not present. The outside edge and sides of the frame are of trapezoidal section (3.8mm – 5.2mm wide and 2.2mm thick). The bar is of rectangular section. There are deep diagonal striations evident on the frame, possibly decorative or possibly from finishing. The pin is present (26.8mm long) loped around the bar (9.6mm external diameter). The end of the loop is slightly open and is flattened with a V-shaped split, for uncertain reasons and may possibly have been reused. The loop is of faceted sub-circular section (3.0mm wide). There is a subtle grip at the top of the pin shaft. The pin shaft is of sub-rectangular section. The surface is corroded with a weak grey-green patina.

NMGW-ED2049: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of oval framed with roller type and of 13th or 14th century date The buckle frame is complete but any plates are missing (with a length of 19.6mm and a weight of 5.8g). The outside edge protrudes slightly (with a width of 17.3mm) between which is a sheet roller (7.0mm long and 7.3mm diameter); the roller was decorated with transverse grooves. The sides are oval sectioned and are convex (giving the buckle a maximum width of 21.0mm). The bar is offset and narrowed. The pin is present (with a length of 17.9mm and a loop diameter of 5.8mm) and is square-sectioned, gradually tapering to a point. The surface has a pale-brown corrosion with a dark-green patina.

Medieval copper alloy buckle plate or strap-end of 13th to 15th century date The sheet plate is of single sheet, folded widthways type (with a length of 32.3mm and a weight of 2.7g). The sides of the plate are straight and parallel (with a width of 14.3mm). Near the attachment end are two dome-headed attachment rivets (with a length of 4.2mm). The front of the plate is decorated along the sides and attachment end with a double linear border of rocker-arm decoration which respects the attachment rivets. The space between the double border is infilled with diagonal lines, which are much more closely spaced on one side. The outside edge has a sub-circular perforation (8mm diameter) through both faces of the plate. The perforation now penetrates the folded edge. The back face is not otherwise decorated. The surface has a dark-green patina with a discreet patch of orange ferrous corrosion on the front face. It is now unclear whether the plate is a buckle plate, but the perforation would seem large for the pin and there is no evidence for the buckle frame. It is also possible the plate is a strap-end with a decorative perforation adjacent to the outside edge.

NMGW-04ABEA: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of early 14th to mid 15th century date The buckle is incomplete missing the both sheet metal plates and the pin (with a length of 25.5mm and a weight of 1.5g). The frame is oval or near-circular (with a width of 14.3mm) and is of triangular section (2mm – 3mm wide and 2.0mm thick). There is the suggestion of a central notch on the outside edge, now eroded. There is a circular ident on the rear of the frame, where the missing pin was positioned. The rear of the frame narrows to the integral forked spacer. The forked spacer (12mm long and 1.8mm thick) has divergent arms (with a maximum width of 10.2mm). The surface ha a grey-green patina with file marks evident of the surface.

NMGW-1CC958: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of 13 to 15th century date The cast buckle frame is missing any folded sheet plate it may have had and is of oval from (with a length of 24.5mm, a width of 30.8mm and a weight of 8.6g). The outside edge of the frame has a notch for the pin on a protruding V-moulding. The frame is of robust sub-rectangular section (with a thickness of 4.2mm – 5.6mm and a width of 2.7mm – 5.0mm). The rounded bar is off-set and narrowed (with a diameter of 3mm). The pin (29.0mm long) is loosely looped around the bar and is rectangular-sectioned (3.2mm wide and 2.5mm thick) with an S-shaped shaft. The surface is heavily-pitted with a mid-green patina.

NMGW-1CD116: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of 13 to 15th century date The cast buckle frame is missing any folded sheet plate it may have had and it’s pin and is of oval from (with a length of 20.7mm, a width of 23.8mm and a weight of 3.1g). The outside edge of the frame is widened with a notch for the pin. The frame is of rounded sub-rectangular section (with a thickness of 2.5mm – 3.1mm and a width of 2.3mm – 4.3mm). The rounded bar is off-set and of sub-rectangular section (2.7mm x 3.8mm). The min pin has left ferrous corrosion staining on the bar and outside edge of the frame. The surface is very heavily-pitted and corroded with a black patina and mid-green corrosion.

NMGW-1D0772: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame fragment of 13th to 15th century date The buckle is represented by the fragmentary outside edge (with a surviving length of 20mm, a surviving width of 38.0mm and a weight of 4.5g) of ‘ornate type’, possibly from an oval buckle. The outside edge is oval-sectioned (6.5mm wide and 4.4mm thick) with a narrower central section, which possibly held a sheet roller. There is a decorative groove, extending the line of the sides on the outside edge. The sides are narrowed and circular-sectioned (2.5mm diameter). The surface is corroded with a dark-green patina.

NMGW-1D28F3: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle probably of 11th to 13th century date The buckle comprises a trapezoidal frame and sheet metal pale and is near complete but heavily-corroded (with an overall length of 32.1mm and a weight of 6.0g). The frame is near-rectangular, slightly trapezoidal, widest at the outside edge (with a length of 10.2mm, a width of18.7mm and a thickness of 3.8mm). The frame is bevelled and of triangular section, with no applied decoration evident. The bar is circular-sectioned and narrowed. The pin remains in place and is of sheet metal, looped around the bar before narrowing to the tip. The sheet metal plates are rectangular (23.2mm long, 15.6mm wide, 5.0mm deep and 0.8mm thick) and folded around the bar with recessed corners for the frame and a slot for the pin. The front of the plate was decorated with a design in cast relief, now unclear but appears to be figurative, depicting a central seated figure flanked on each side by standing figures, probably female. The side figures may have their arms raised towards the head of the seated figure, possibly indicating a crowning of the throned central figure. Corrosion has removed much of the details of the motif but the standing figure on the left appears to be wearing a long dress tied at the waste with a long cord belt. The rear plate is narrower (9.8mm wide) and has no decoration. The plates were attached by a series of three rivets at the attachment end and by a larger, dome headed rivet (3.1mm diameter) positioned near the centre. Traces of gilding survive in the recessed areas of the plate but elsewhere the surface has been stripped to red-brown with some traces of green corroded surface.

Medieval copper alloy buckle of mid-14th to late 15th century date. The buckle has a separate folded plate and the frame is oval with narrowed and offset bar and is near-complete missing the pin (with an overall length of 34.7mm and a weight of 3.5g). The oval frame is comparatively small (11mm long, 13.2mm wide and 2.5mm thick) and is of rounded D-shaped section, widest at the outside edge (2.9mm wide). There is no notch for the pin on the frame or any decoration discernible. The loop of the pin survives but the rectangular-sectioned shaft has been lost. The folded sheet plate (27.6mm long, 0.5mm thick and 4.4mm deep) has a slot to accommodate the pin and is recessed to accept the frame. The sides are near-straight and parallel (9.8mm wide). The plate was attached using two domed-headed copper alloy rivets at the attachment end and there appears to be a single rivet behind the pin, filed flat. The front face of the plate was decorated with a double-grooved border behind the frame but any other decoration is no longer evident. The folded rear plate is slightly narrower with no decoration but the suggestion of file-marks. The surface has a dark-green patina and mid-green corrosion.

NMGW-A9C043: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame The cast buckle is of oval form, with elaborate outside edge and is missing the pin and any associated plate and now has a distorted bar (with a length of 18.0mm, a width of 22.5mm and a weight of 2.0g). The outside edge is expanded (5.0mm wide and 3.1mm thick) and narrows at the position of the missing pin. The top face is decorated with cross hatched incised lines and the decoration appears to extend onto the sides of the frame. The sides are oval sectioned (1.4mm x 1.0mm). The bar is narrowed and now extends into the buckle frame, probably because of damage. The surface has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-AA2AF8: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of mid-12th to 14th century date The buckle frame is oval with ornate outside edge and is missing the pin (with a length of 27.1mm and a weight of 10.3g). The outside edge is expanded and of oval section (22.6mm long, 8.0mm wide and 7.2mm thick) and was decorated with ribs and grooves but now heavily-corroded and mostly lost. A pair of ribs near the centre may have defined a notch for the pin. The sides are convex (giving the buckle a width of 25.4mm) and of D-shaped section (3.3mm thick and 5mm wide). The sub-circular-sectioned bar (3mm diameter) was narrowed and offset and is now eroded. The surface has been lost and has a pale-green corrosion and striped red-brown surface.

NMGW-AC3F52: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type, of mid-13th to mid-15th century date. The cast buckle comprises both frame and pin. The frame is circular and comparatively robust (with an external diameter of 49.8mm, an internal diameter of 36.6mm and a weight of 43.2.7g) and is of circular section and (with a diameter of 6.2mm – 7.0mm). There is no pin restriction on the frame and no decoration is evident. The pin (with a length of 543.5mm) has a loop of D-shaped section (14.5mm external diameter and 5.0mm wide), open at the rear. There is a stepped moulding at the top of the sub-rectangular sectioned shaft. There is no surviving evidence for ridges on the moulding. The end of the pin has a recess to seat on the frame. The surface is corroded with a mid-green patina.

NMGW-ACE9A4: BUCKLE
Late Roman or Early Medieval copper alloy buckle plate of 4th to 7th century date The buckle plate is near-complete but the frame and pin are missing (with a surviving length of 39.5mm, a thickness of 3.2mm and a weight of 9.5g). The plate was formed by folding the sheet lengthways with two strips to secure the frame. (5-6mm wide) and convex across its length. The plate is sub-rectangular, slightly wider at the attachment end (at 23.3mm and 22.0mm adjacent to the frame) and with a subtle concavity to both the sides and the attachment end. The front plate is marginally larger than the rear. The plates were secured using five separate rivets with protruding domed heads (3mm diameter, 1.3mm – 1.6mm high and giving an overall depth of 5.5mm) positioned near each corner and at the centre. The front plate is decorated with a border of double repeating punched triangles and defining a central strip. The area between the plates is filled with sediment. The rear plate is undecorated and the ends of the rivets are evident, with the two rivets adjacent to the frame also secured with sub-square plate acting as washers. The surface has a deep and dark-green patina.

NMGW-AD9BA4: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy oval-framed buckle with ornate outside edge of 13th or 14th century date The buckle frame is near-complete but is missing the pin (with a length of 19.7mm and a weight of 2.8g). The outside edge is wider than the rest of the frame (5.5mm wide and 2.7mm thick) and has a bevelled top face, enhanced with ribbed and grooved decoration. One of the outside knops has been lost. The sides are arched (giving the frame a width of 27.1mm) and is of sub-triangular section. The bar is narrowed and offset with extensive wear on one end. The surface is heavily corroded with a dark-green patina.

NMGW-C18F4E: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle plate probably of 11th to 12th century date The buckle is missing the frame and is represented by the distorted plate (with a length of 26.6mm and a weight of 4.4g). The plate is of folded type with two strips to secure the missing frame (4mm wide, 5.6mm long and 3.5mm deep). The front plate is rectangular (21.9mm long and 18.5mm wide), domed at the centre with Romanesque openwork zoomorphic decoration. There is a plain border around the ends and sides with two domed attachment rivets (1.4mm high) near the corners of the attachment end. The plate has an openwork depiction of a lion-like quadruped beast in relief (giving an overall depth of 7mm) walking to the left with its head facing to the rear. The tail coils above the hindquarters. Any applied decoration or detail has been lost. Gilding survives over much of the surface. The rear plate is also rectangular and is slightly smaller than the front (at 19.5mm x 16.0mm and 0.3mm thick). No decoration or gilding is evident on the rear plate. Both rivet holes have truncated the corners of the plate. The plate can be paralleled with examples recorded with PAS from Houghton, West Sussex[1] and Hogsthorpe, Lincolnshire[2]. [1] SUSS-3E04E1 [2] LIN-68BF59

Medieval copper alloy buckle of oval type with roller and sheet plate of 14th century date The buckle is incomplete, missing the pin and attachment end of the plate (with an overall length of 37.1mm and a weight of 5.8g). The oval buckle frame has a sheet roller on the outside edge (of 5.8mm diameter) and appears to have had an incised line along the centre, corresponding with the position of the missing pin. There are knops on the ends of the outside edge. The rectangular-sectioned sides (1.0mm wide and 3.5mm thick) are convex (giving a maximum width of 21.4mm). The bar is offset and narrowed. The sheet metal plate is fragmentary (with a surviving length of 20.7mm, a width of 15.7mm and a thickness of 0.6mm). The folded sheet plate is recessed to accommodate the frame and has a slot for the pin. There are two rivet attachment holes (3.1mm and 3.5mm) positioned behind the bar the plate has broken through another central rivet hole. No decoration is now discernible on the plate. The surface is corroded with a dark green-brown corrosion.

Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of oval type with ornate outside edge of 13th or 14th century date The oval buckle frame is missing the pin and is flat-sectioned (with a length of 17.2mm, a width of 18.0mm, a thickness of 16.mm – 2.2mm and a weight of 1.8g). The outside edge is expanded (to 6.0mm wide) and is decorated with six liner grooves. The sides are convex and the bar is offset and narrowed. The rear of the frame is flat and undecorated. The surface has a dark-brown patina. The buckle can be closely paralleled with an example excavated in London (Egan & Pritchard, 1991, no. 294, p 73)[1] from a late 13th to mid-14th century context. [1] Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London

NMGW-56BDCF: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle plate, probably of mid 14th or 15th century date The buckle is missing the frame and comprises the near-complete folded sheet plate only (with a length of 27.2mm, a width of 18.8mm and a weight of 3.3g). The folded plate (0.2mm thick and with a depth of 2.8mm at the folded end) has two circular holes to accommodate the missing pin (3.7mm diameter). The front plate is sub-rectangular and larger that the rear plate. The front plate is decorated with a punched border of conjoining D-shaped marks, inside of intermittent triangular marks. There appears to have been a zigzagging line at the damaged attachment end. The plate was secured by two separate rivets inside the border at the attachment end. One of the copper alloy rivets (1.0mm diameter and 4.3mm long) remains in place. The smaller rear plate is trapezoidal (4.0mm long and 11mm – 14.9mm wide) and in undecorated. The surface has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-A8520E: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type, of mid-13th to mid-15th century date. The buckle frame is near-circular (with an external diameter of 35.1mm – 36.6mm, an internal diameter of 30.2mm – 31.6mm and a weight of 5.5g), slightly distorted. The frame is of sub-rectangular section and is differentially worn (with a width of 1.9mm to 2.8mm wide and 1.8mm thick). There is no pin restriction on the frame and no decoration is evident. The pin has a moulding at the base and an open loop around the frame (9.0mm deep, 10.0mm long). The shaft is of sub-rectangular section (2.6mm by 2.9mm below the moulding) and tapering to a point. There is a groove to accommodate the frame at the tip. The surface is corroded with a brown-green patina.

NMGW-A886AC: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame of annular type, of mid-13th to mid-15th century date. The buckle frame is incomplete, missing the pin and is near-circular (with an external diameter of 47.0mm – 48.5mm, an internal diameter of 30.7mm – 31.6mm and a weight of 7.9g), slightly distorted. The frame is of oval section with some wear (with a width of 3.0mm to 3.6mm wide and 3.0mm thick). There is no pin restriction on the frame. The frame is decorated with a recurrent series of transverse groves. The part between the notches is not decorated. The pin is missing. The surface has a dark-brown patina.

NMGW-A8A948: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle with integral plate, of 15th century date. The buckle is incomplete and fragmentary, now in two fragments and missing part of the outside of the frame (with a length of 35mm and a weight of 4.6g). The frame was of oval or circular form (with a diameter of 23mm) and of oval section (3.3mm wide and 3.8mm thick). Heavy corrosion on the frame has removed any trace of possible decoration. The pin is looped through a slot behind the frame. The ferrous pin is comparatively short (at 17mm) and is of D-shaped section, with straight sides, gradually converging to the tip. The buckle narrows behind the frame (to 9.2mm) before widening to the sub-square integral plate (12.6mm wide, 9mm long and 2.3mm thick). The buckle was attached using a single rivet, positioned near the centre of the plate and appears to have been of iron. No decoration is evident on the plate. The attachment end of the plate is heavily-corroded but does not appear to be broken. The surface has a dark-green patina beneath the grey-brown corrosion. The buckle for is difficult to closely parallel, with integral buckle plates generally being longer and occasionally with a hooked end, such as the examples recorded in London (Egan & Pritchard, 1991, nos. 320-1, p 78)[1]. It remains possible that this buckle was of similar form and has now lost the rear of the plate. [1] Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London

NMGW-E84561: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of oval type with roller of 14th century date The buckle is incomplete, missing the pin and is also likely to have lost a folded sheet metal plate (with a length of 19.6mm and a weight of 8.5g). The oval buckle frame has a sheet roller on the outside edge (of 7.0mm – 7.5mm diameter) and was decorated with incised encircling groves with a more pronounced central groove, corresponding with the position of the missing pin. There are knops on the ends of the outside edge. The rectangular-sectioned sides (1.4mm wide and 4.2mm thick) are convex (giving a maximum width of 23.4mm). The bar is offset and narrowed and is of square section (3.4mm square). There is a notch on the rear of the central part of the bar, corresponding with the position of the pin. The surface is corroded with a dark grey patina on the frame, possibly suggesting a gunmetal composition and a light green patina on the roller.

NMGW-E8619D: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of oval type with roller of 14th century date The buckle is incomplete, missing the pin and is also likely to have lost a folded sheet metal plate (with a length of 19.0mm and a weight of 5.0g). The oval buckle frame has a sheet roller on the outside edge (of 6.2mm – 6.6mm diameter) and is decorated with fine incised encircling groves and with a more pronounced central groove, corresponding with the position of the missing pin. There are knops on the ends of the outside edge. The oval-sectioned sides (1.6mm wide and 3.5mm thick) are convex (giving a maximum width of 21.8mm). The bar is offset and narrowed and is of sub-square section (2.5mm square). There is a notch on the rear of the central part of the bar, corresponding with the position of the pin. The surface is corroded with a dark grey-green patina on both the frame and roller. Remnants of iron corrosion survives on the bar, suggestion an iron pin was used.

NMGW-E8930C: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle ornate D-shaped buckle of 14th or 15th century date The buckle frame is complete, with pin but may have lost the sheet metal plate (with a length of 20.2mm and a weight of 6.4g). The buckle frame has ornate cast ornament, comprising a central faceted cusp (with a thickness of 3.8mm), flanked on the sides by smaller faceted cusps (giving the frame a maximum width of 31.5mm). Lipped mouldings protruding between the cusps. The top edge of the frame is enhanced with notches. The bar is off-set and narrowed and is of sub-circular section (2.1mm diameter). The ends of the bar are enhanced with grooves. The rear of the frame is flat and is not decorated. The pin (23.5mm long) is of D-shaped section, with straight sides gradually converging to the point. There is a transverse rib at beginning of the shaft and the loop is closed at the rear (with a depth of 5.7mm). The surface of the both the pin and frame has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-E8CD21: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle frame, probably of mid 14th or 15th century date The buckle frame is of oval type (14.0mm long, 22.6mm wide and weighing 2.6g) and is now missing any sheet metal plate. The outside edge of the frame is expanded (to 4.0mm wide and 3.6mm thick) and is rounded on the outside and faceted on the interior. The sub square-sectioned bar is narrowed and offset. The pin remains in place but is distorted and truncated (14.4mm long) and is of rectangular section, near parallel sided to the break.

NMGW-EA2D92: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle with a trapezoidal frame and integral plate, possibly a spur buckle dating from the mid 13th or 14th century The buckle is incomplete, missing the pin and terminal hook (with a distorted length of 30.0mm and a weight of 3.8g). The buckle is of rectangular section with a uniform thickness (of 2.1mm). The trapezoidal frame has a maximum width on its outside edge (of 19.3mm), enhanced with a notch for the pin and narrows (to 16.0mm) at the plate. The sides of the frame are decorated with notches and the integral plate has ribbed decoration. There was a hole at to accommodate the pin behind the frame, now filled with iron corrosion and suggestion an iron pin was used. There is another hole at the attachment end of the plate to secure to the strap. At the attachment end, the buckle narrows (to 7.9mm) and is of triangular section before the damaged hook at the terminal (3.8mm long and 5mm deep). The surface has a dark grey-green patina. Oval framed buckles with integral plates have been published from London (Egan & Prichard 1991, nos. 320-1, p 78)[1], which is paralleled with an example with a hooked terminal in the Ashmolean Museum[2] . Egan & Prichard (ibid.) suggest a specialist function for the buckle, possibly a spur but note their relative weakness. [1] Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London [2] Acc. No. 410.1981

NMGW-EA4A0E: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle plate, probably of mid 14th or 15th century date The buckle is fragmentary missing the frame and half of the plate (with a length of 32.7mm and a weight of 1.4g). The sheet plate (0.4mm thick) had a slot for the pin and the corners were recessed for the frame. The plate is rectangular (13.6mm wide) and was attached using two rivets near the attachment end. There is no decoration on the plate, possibly suggesting that it is the rear plate. The surface has a dark-green patina with a pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-EA9008: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy oval buckle frame with separate plate, probably of 14th or 15th century date The buckle is near-complete, missing the pin and is comparatively small (with an overall length of 30.7mm and a weight of 4.2g). The buckle is oval form (4.7mm long and 4.9mm wide) and the frame is D-shaped section, wider and thicker at the outside edge (1.6mm – 2.2mm wide and 2.5mm – 3.2mm thick). No decoration now survives on the frame. The bar is offset and narrowed. The plate has a slot to accommodate the missing pin, now filled with ferrous corrosion, suggesting an iron pin was used. The corners of the pale are recess for the frame. The plate (18.8mm long, 10.0mm wide and 4.8mm deep) has indentation on both of the sides before the rounded terminal, at the centre of which is a separate copper alloy attachment rivet. The rivet (6.1mm long) has a domed head (4.0mm diameter and 1.4mm high). There are radiating lines decorating the terminal around the rivet. The surface is now green-brown but has been discoloured from a recent applied coating.

NMGW-52442C: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of annular type and of 14th to 16th century date The buckle is missing the pin and has some edge damage and is of sub-annular form (20.7mm diameter, 14mm internal diameter and weighing 2.0g) with an expended outside edge (4.5mm wide). The outside edge has a linear notch to accommodate the missing pin. The frame was narrowest at the attachment end (with a width of 2.4mm) where there is a nick, probably resulting from wear of the pin loop. The frame is of a consistent faceted pentagonal section (3.0mm thick). There is no applied decoration and the surface has a dark brown-green patina.

An incomplete copper alloy composite buckle of medieval date (c. 1350-1400AD). The buckle consists of a near-complete cast oval lipped frame with integral forked spacer and sheet top plate. The pin, backplate and any rivets are absent. The frame is oval, with chamfered edges and a grooved lip. The frame has an aperture width of 25.3mm and a width of 32.5mm. The narrowed bar for the pin sits in line with two raised bar mouldings that separate the frame from the integral forked spacer. The spacer is 23mm wide and 4mm thick. The plate is a rectangular sheet c.1-1.5mm thick, 59.8mm long and 21.4mm wide. The edges of the plate are damaged, and missing, particularly the inside edge. Despite this damage, the groove from a grooved aperture can be seen on the inside edge as well as a notch on the outside to allow the pin to rotate freely. The upper side of the plate is incised with geometric decoration, a central band of tessellating parallelograms is flanked by two symmetrical bands of interlocking trapezoids and triangles. The trapezoids are filled in with incised rocker-arm decoration. The reverse bears traces of solder used to attach it to the frame and lumps of corrosion product which have preserved minute quantities of textile. The presence of the grooved aperture allows this to be dated to the 14th century, excavation evidence shows that composite buckles from 15th century contexts lack this feature. The buckle is somewhat corroded, with much of the original surface missing. The object has a dark green patina, which is slightly lighter on the plate.

NMGW-EC906C: BUCKLE
A copper alloy Medieval sheet buckle plate of late 12th to 13th century date. The object is broken in half at the fold with only one plate surviving. The buckle plate is rectangular (17.8mm long x 16.5mm wide x 2mm thick) folded sheet plate with a slot cut for the pin and recessed from the frame on outer edges. The front depicts a zoomorphic figure. The back is plain and undecorated. The end of the plate is perforated by two rivet holes 1mm in diameter. The plate is gilded and the front is decorated with a die-stamped zoomorphic figure arranged centrally within a raised rectilinear frame with a wide outer and thin inner border. The animal depicted is likely a lion passant regardant (stepping left, head turned right, with what is possibly a wing projecting from its back. The tail curls around in an S-shape behind the animal. Surface corrosion has concealed much of the detail of the legs, but it appears the right leg is slightly raised as if in motion and overlaps the border. Surface corrosion has also destroyed some detail around the head, but the jaws appear rounded as is typical of early high medieval winged lions (a symbol of St Mark) rather than a mythical beast e.g. griffin. Traces of stippling preserve in the field behind the animal’s ?wing. The object has a medium-light green patina with patches of gold gilding on the front and back and some brown corrosion on one of the back corners. The maximum length is 22mm, 16.5mm wide and weighs 2.37g. A similar example is recorded in Egan and Pritchard (1991: 111, fig. 500) and dates to AD 1200-1230. A complete example is recorded in the PAS database: NMGW-7C542C. Additional examples of similar objects on the database include SOM-7058F9, YORYM-CDC6D, SF-1EE56D.

NMGW-330E68: BUCKLE
An incomplete cast copper alloy spur buckle with an integral plate of Medieval date (13th to 14th century). The frame is oval and cast integrally with the frame. There is a hole for the pin, now filled with iron corrosion, presumably the remains of the now missing pin. The frame is a rounded rectangle in shape, terminating in a knop. three rivet holes still containing their rivets. The central rivet hole is broken on one side and the plate is bent sideways from the central rivet. The central rivet is 7.1mm long, the longest of the three. The buckle has a pitted grey-green surface. Cf. YORYM-B4C544.

NMGW-A902D4: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle plate probably dating from the mid-14th or 15th century The buckle plate is fragmentary, represented by a single incomplete plate (with a surviving length of 36.4mm, a thickness of 0.4mm – 0.6mm and a weight of 3.0g). The plate is widest at the attachment end (at 18.6mm), with straight sides narrowing slightly to the break (at 16.2mm wide). The attachment end has pointed corners with convex ends to a central circular aperture (8.3mm diameter). The buckle plate was attached using two separate pins, either side of the aperture, one of which remains in place (1.7mm diameter and 4.5mm long). The plate is decorated with two rows filled with alternating squares of infilled rocker-arm between plain or sparsely decorated squares, one of which has a segmented saltire cross. The surface has a mid to dark-green patina.

NMGW-4D4D62: BUCKLE
An incomplete cast copper alloy double loop buckle of later Medieval or Post Medieval date (c.1400-1600 AD). The surface shows some corrosion and is broken at the integral bar; therefore, it is missing one of its loops. Presumably the buckle was originally circular or near-circular. The pin is still extant, consisting of a pointed strip bent around the bar. It measures 18.08mm in length and 12.32mm in width; and is 1.62 grams in weight.

An incomplete cast copper alloy buckle of medieval date (c. 1150-1400 AD). The buckle consists only of an oval frame with offset narrowed bar. There is no evidence of a plate and the pin is missing. The outside edge of the frame is expanded, but not lipped (5.6mm wide) with a notch for the pin. The frame narrows to 2.5mm at the top and bottom edges of the frame before recurving to simple mouldings either side of the offset, narrowed bar (c. 1.6mm thick). The reverse of the frame has no mouldings or decoration, but does show possible use wear on the outside edge of the frame. The object bears a green patina. No.277 (pg 68-70, fig. 42) is a similar example in Egan and Pritchard (2002), found in a context dated to between 1350 and 1400.

An incomplete cast copper alloy buckle of medieval date (c. 1150-1400 AD). The buckle consists only of an oval frame with offset narrowed bar and an ornate outside edge. There is no evidence of a plate and the pin is missing. The outside edge is decorated by four knops, two larger flanking and two smaller central separated by a groove, which forms the notch for the pin. The top and bottom edges of the frame are chamfered inside and out, and recurve to simple mouldings either side of the offset narrowed bar. The mouldings are executed on both the front and back of the frame, leaving the position of the bar as the only indicator of frontality. The object bears a dark patina. Nos.292 and 302 (pg 72-74, fig. 44) are similar examples in Egan and Pritchard (2002), found in contexts dated to between 1230-1260 and 1400-1450 respectively, although 302 is thought to be residual in that context.

An incomplete cast copper alloy buckle of medieval date (likely 14th century AD).The buckle consists only of a small rectangular frame with a narrowed bar and two grooves flanking the notch for the pin on the expanded outside edge. There is no evidence of a plate and the pin is missing. The frame is slightly trapezoidal, but with somewhat convex top and bottom edges. The top and bottom edges have a small ridge at each corner, which is typical of 14th century buckles. The object bears a dark patina, with small areas of the original green patinated surface.

NMGW-D89D4D: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of 14th to 16th century date The buckle has an oval frame with ornate outside edge and a solid, integral plate and is missing the pin (with a slightly distorted length of 46.3mm and a weight of 16.5g). The outside edge is expanded and of sub-circular section with protruding rounded ends (giving a length of 26.3mm, a diameter of 6.6mm - 7.4mm). At the centre of the outside edge is a notch for the missing pin. The sides of the frame are convex and of slender rectangular section (with a maximum width to the frame of 28.3mm and with a section of 2.2mm wide and 4.5mm thick). The pin was secured within a circular perforation (4.5mm diameter). The plate is of sub-rectangular form (21.2mm long, 19.0mm wide and 3.5mm thick), with recessed corners. The plate was secured using two separate rivets near the midpoint of each side (3.8mm diameter). The buckle is corroded but remnants of transverse ribbing is evident on the plate near the frame. The surface has been stripped to a red-brown metal, underlying traces of a pale to mid-green patina. Compare Whitehead (2003, 35) no. 205

NMGW-029A59: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy oval framed buckle with roller, probably of 14th or 15th century date The buckle frame is complete but missing the pin and possibly a separate plate and is comparatively small (with a length of 18.9mm, a width of 17.4mm and a weight of 2.7g). The outside edge of the frame is ornate and is of sub-circular section (4.2mm thick, 5.0mm wide and 15.0mm long). The ends protrude slightly and have a rounded point. The centre is narrowed to accommodate the separate sheet copper alloy roller, enhanced with three raised ribs, which are flanked by punched marks. The sides of the frame are convex and of sub-rectangular section (1.8mm wide and 2.7mm thick). The bar is of off-set and narrowed and is of sub-square section. The buckle frame has a dark-green surface patina, corroded bright green while the roller has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-1ED1A1: BUCKLE
Late Roman copper alloy buckle, probably of 4th or early 5th century date (Worrell 2010, 416, no. 1, fig. 3). The buckle is complete, comprising a frame, pin or tongue and plate (with an overall length of 97mm and a weight of 72.8g). The buckle frame is zoomorphic with two horse's heads facing each other and meeting at the centre (with a maximum thickness of 5.5mm). The ears of the horse protrude at the sides (producing a maximum width for the frame of 42.9mm). The snouts of the horses expand towards their ends and are separated by moulded grooves, defining a central rounded knop. The grooves accommodate the twin double-fork of the pin. The eyes of the horses are defined by cast spirals in relief. The spirals tail to form a rib along the necks of the horses, outside of which the frame is thinner (2.3mm compared to 4.2mm). At the base of the neck, at the attachment end of the buckle are three applied grooves, flanking a hinged loop at each side (with a depth of 8.7mm). The buckle frame has in-turned or involuted terminals. The rear of the frame is slightly convex with some finishing. The pin or tongue has a wide cast loop (10.2mm external diameter) and gradually widens and thickens before forming rearward projections (with a width of 22.7mm), which complement the in-turned terminals of the frame. The tongue has a double-forked pin. The pin and buckle frame are secured to the buckle pate with a circular-sectioned axis bar (2.8mm diameter), which is secured by closed loops in opposing directions at the terminal. The buckle plate (with an overall length of 66.2mm) has four hinge loops, which flank the two frame loops and the central tongue loop. The plate has openwork decoration within a rectangular frame (56.8mm long x 36.7mm wide and 3.6mm thick). The frame has an incised border with a rectangular panel on the frame side, containing diagonal grooves from alternating sides. At the centre of the frame is an openwork horse, trotting and facing towards the frame end. Grooves on the horse are used to define the snout, eyes, ears, mane and hoofs. Above the back of the horse is an pelta motif enhanced with grooved arcs. The pelta is thinner than the horse and it is unclear what, if anything it is intended to represent, possibly a tree or a much stylised rider. The rear end of the horse is poorly executed compared to the front. The reverse of the plate has four integral D-shaped lugs (8-9mm high and giving the plate a maximum depth of 12.8mm), positioned near each corner. Each lug has a central circular perforation (3.6mm - 3.9mm diameter) used to attach the buckle to the belt. The buckle has good surface preservation; a recently applied coating by the finder has produced a dark-green patina. Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefacts was carried out using a CamScanMaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).The objects were examined whole within the specimen chamber and were analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. Where possible, areas of metal exposed from under the surface corrosion were analysed. Apart from very superficial surface swabbing of the artefacts there was usually no further sample preparation. The results are semi-quantitative and overall totals taken from minimally prepared surfaces are usually affected to some degree by the surface geometry of the artefacts, including factors such as curvature, pitting and indentations etc. Other factors that can also affect the results include surface oxidation, surface enrichment or depletion of certain elements, contamination from closely adhering dirt, and preferential corrosion. Three separate readings were taken and the majority of the overall totals acquired were slightly low due to the factors described above. The results were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency between the readings and to make the analyses comparable with other results the average compositions were: 88-90% copper, 4% zinc and 5% tin. Minor amounts of lead, nickel and antimony also detected The buckle type is generally characteristic of a type of late Roman buckle, sometimes referred as the 'Soldiers and Settlers' type after an article by Chadwick, Dunning and Hawkes (1961)[1]. The buckle generally fits into their type II A (ibid. p 50-51), although it is slightly different in having a pair of facing horses on the frame, rather than the more usual dolphins, with horses generally appear on buckles of type I B, with projecting horse's heads facing away from each other. The tongue rarely survives on this buckle type but when it does, it commonly has the rear-facing projections but rarely has a double pin. The axis bar with terminal loops is also difficult to parallel and may have been replaced or is a repair. The elaborate openwork plate is also fairly difficult to closely parallel. The central horse figure is reminiscent of 'Horse-and-rider' type plate brooches of 2nd century date. The best identified parallel for the buckle plate is an example from Argeliers in southern France, published by Aurrecoechea Fernandez (1999)[2] as his 'Pseudo-Hispanic' 'Dolphin' Belts with Figural Decoration: 'Santome' type. As noted by the type name, the Argelier buckle has dolphins on the frame but has a similar plate with openwork horse and is without the pelta shape and also the rear attachment lugs. Pseudo-Hispanic buckles are characterised by shanks on the rear to attach the belt and examples with perforated lugs are difficult to identify. Aurrecoechea Fernandez (ibid) dates this type to between AD350 and 380 on the continent. [1] Chadwick, S., Hawkes & Dunning, G.C.; 1961; Soldiers and Settlers, fourth to fifth century: with a catalogue of animal-ornamented buckles and related belt-fittings; Medieval Archaeology; Journal of the Society of Medieval Archaeology, Vol. 5, p 1-70 [2] Aurrecoechea Fernandez J.; 1999, Late Roman Belts in Hispania; Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies Vol. 10, p 55-62

NMGW-107FF3: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy probable buckle plate of 12th to 15th century date The buckle plate is near-complete but is distorted and the frame is missing (with a distorted length of 31.2mm, a width of 35.5mm and a weight of 8.8g). The sheet plate (0.5mm thick) is of folded form with a slot for the pin. The front plate is rectangular and was secured to the strap with three rivets (5.0mm - 5.5mm long), with domed heads raised above the plate. Two of the rivets are positioned near the attachment end and one behind the slot. The front of the plate is decorated with a double 'rocker-arm' border and interior cross. The rear of the two rivets near the attachment end has plate copper alloy washers to ensure the fixings. Only the central rivet is secured through the plate. The rear of the plate is shorter and less wide than the front (18.2mm long and 27.4mm wide) and is without decoration. The surface has a mid to dark-green patina. The plate can be broadly paralleled on 14th and 15th century buckles but also has similarities with earlier harness pendant suspension mounts of 12th to 14th century date, similar to examples recorded from Norwich (Ashley 2002, p 5-8)[1] and elsewhere. [1] Ashley, S.; 2002; Medieval Armorial Horse Furniture; East Anglian Archaeology, Report No. 101; Norfolk Museum and Archaeology Service

NMGW-7BB227: BUCKLE
Copper alloy buckle of uncertain date, possibly late Roman or medieval The buckle is of oval form with ornate outside edge and is incomplete, missing the bar and pin (with a length of 29.9mm, a width of 44.9mm and a weight of 8.5g). The outside edge of the frame is of rectangular section (14.6mm wide and 2.8mm thick) and has elaborate decoration, comprising three open C-shaped arcs, the central 'C' faces outwards and is flanked on either side by the remaining two arcs. Each of the 'C' shaped openings is bordered by a groove, defining a ribbed border. At the centre, is a notch to accommodate the pin and flanked each side by a groove. There is a decorative border groove surviving on one side of the outside edge only. The frame is bevelled at the apex and base to define the corners. The bar was offset and narrowed and only a small remnant of the bar now survives, which is of sub-square section. The surface has a dark green-brown patina, probably enhanced by a recently applied waxy coating. The buckle frame is difficult to closely parallel in the archaeological literature the decorative devices may be broadly paralleled in some Later Roman types but the oval form with offset bar is more unusual. Conversely, the buckle form is consistent with a medieval date but the decoration would be unusual.

NMGW-A609B5: BUCKLE
Copper alloy fragment, probably the outside edge fragment of a medieval buckle The probable buckle is fragmentary, distorted and is incomplete (with a surviving length of 57.7mm and a weight of 14.7g) and was likely to be of oval or D-shaped form. The frame was of oval section, widest on the outside edge (with a width of 11.0mm and a thickness of 6.3mm). The rear of the outside edge was bevelled. There is a prominent notch to accommodate the pin on the widest part of the frame. The frame has corroded and tapered to a point on both ends and one end has distorted to form a loop. No applied decoration survives on the frame which has a dark-green brown patina with bright green corrosion.

NMGW-1A8385: BUCKLE
Early medieval copper alloy buckle probably of Anglo-Scandinavian type and 11th century date The cast openwork buckle is incomplete, missing the frame (with a length of 38.5mm and a weight of 8.1g). The front plate is sub-rectangular (22.2mm wide, 25.2mm long and 2.2mm thick) with sides converging slightly towards the integral pin and recessed at the corners. The attachment edge has a grooved border and central slot perforation. The plate has intricate decoration in Urnes-Style comprising cast ornament now worn and corroded and encompassing closely-spaced circular perforations. The decoration is likely to have defined intertwined beasts motif, possibly incorporated with the wings of a bird but is now difficult to interpret. The integral pointed pin is of sub-circular section (With a maximum diameter of 4.8mm and a length of 13.9mm) and is positioned near the centre of the base. The terminal is worn and corroded but appears to have depicted a projecting beast's head, possibly a bird in flight. The fragmentary integral back-plate was narrower than the front (at 14.3mm, with a surviving length of 11mm and leaving a gap of 3.6mm - 4.4mm) and has broken through the rivet-hole. The buckle plate was attached using a single-separate rivet, secured through one of the perforation on the front plate and through the single perforation on the rear plate. The surface is worn and corroded dark brown with remnant traces of a dark-green patina. This plate has been published in Webley (2018, 392) fig. 6(f).

NMGW-4E6F7D: BUCKLE
A complete copper alloy asymmetrical double looped buckle of Post-Medieval date, likely late 16th or 17th century. The buckle is of a double looped angled form, with an oval outside edge loop with decorative knop and an uneven rectangular/slightly trapezoidal inside edge loop. The sides are also asymmetrical, one being straight with an angular notch where the bar meets the frame, the other having a shallow notch and more curved sides. The buckle is angled about the bar, so that the front face of the buckle is slightly convex. The buckle is decorated with transverse mouldings on the front of the frame loops, and a vegetal knop on the outside edge. The buckle is covered with a glossy green patina with some pitting, especially on the reverse. Several similar buckles have been recorded on the PAS database, including ESS-45CC53, and CORN-70231B. They are typically dated to between 1550 and 1700.

NMGW-C5CC15: BUCKLE
Late medieval to post medieval copper alloy annular buckle of 15th – 17th century date The buckle comprises a large circular ring (of 52.2mm diameter and weighing 34.7g) with an attached pin. The frame is of oval section (5mm -6mm wide and 5mm thick) and no restriction for the pin and with no decoration evident. The pin is loosely looped around the frame (with a diameter of 10.3mm x 11.5mm), folded inwards at the base of the shaft. There is the suggestion of a central groove around the loop and a transverse groove at the base of the loop. The pin shaft is rectangular-sectioned 3mm – 4mm thick) and gradually narrows to the tip. The pin shaft was decorated with punched rings, partially preserved near the top of the shaft. The surface is corroded with a pale-green corrosion and has been stripped red-brown.

NMGW-C7DD81: BUCKLE
Late Medieval to Post medieval copper alloy annular buckle of 15th – 17th century date The buckle frame is sub-circular with a central bar and is complete but heavily-corroded with the pin missing (with a diameter of 33mm, a weight of 4.2g). The Frame is of consistent D-shaped section, (3.2mm thick). The frame is differentially corroded (with a maximum width of 4.6mm) and may have been decorated with ribbing, now lost through corrosion and is without a notch for the pin. The buckle has a pale-green and green-brown corrosion.

NMGW-C3DB3B: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of 14th to 16th century date The buckle is of ‘Locking’ type and is complete but has a distorted arm (with an overall length of 27.8mm and a weight of 8.6g). The frame is rectangular (27.5mm long and 17.0mm wide). The outside edge of the frame is wider (at 4.5mmmm compared to 1.8mm) than the other and is bevelled on the underside. The sides of the frame are rectangular sectioned and the top edge undulates, presumably as a decorative feature. The inside end is sub-circular sectioned (1mm - 2mm diameter) and appears angled, possibly because of differential wear. The chape is oval sectioned with a central integral pin (6.0mm long) and rotates around the bar. The copper alloy arm is curved and now distorted (with an overall distorted length and width of 33.1mm and 19.9mm respectively) and was riveted through the frame as the bar, but is now loose. The arm narrows to a blunt terminal. The surface has a pale-green to red-brown corrosion.

NMGW-DBD233: BUCKLE
Post medieval copper alloy figurative buckle of double-looped circular form, probably of 16th or early 17th century date The cast buckle is in the form of a bird near complete, retaining the attached copper alloy sheet plate but missing the pin (with a length of 41.9mm and a weight of 4.6g). The bird is depicted with a pointed head and neck projecting at one end and the fantail at the rear. The neck is of D-shaped section with concave sides and is decorated with transverse grooves (with a length of 8.3mm, a maximum width and thickness of 3.5mm and 2.3mm respectively). The decorative detail of the bird’s head has been lost through corrosion. The annular frame (18.7mm wide and 2mm thick) has a central bar with the folded sheet plate attached (14.1mm long, 2.9mm deep and 0.3mm thick sheet plate) has a groove to accommodate the missing pin. The plate was secured by a single dome-headed copper alloy rivet (5.4mm long). There is no surviving decorative detail on the frame. At the rear of the frame is a transverse moulding before the fantail (with a width of 9.8mm and a thickness of 1.4mm). There is the suggestion of radiating grooved decoration on the tail. The corroded surface has a pale and mid0green to brown patina. The buckle can be broadly paralleled with an example recorded by Whitehead (1996, no. 275, p. 48)[1] with a suggested date between 1550 and 1650. [1] Whitehead, R,’ 1996; Buckles 1250-1800

NMGW-DC7E33: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of Oval form with offset, narrowed bar and decorative frame of mid-14th to late-15th century date The cast buckle frame is missing the pin and any possible plate (with a length of 19.3mm, a width of 24.0mm and a weight of 3.2g). The upper face of the frame is decorated with deep incised lines, defining cross hatching on the outside edge and hatching on the sides. There is notch to accommodate the missing pin. The underside of the frame is flat and is not decorated. The frame is of sub-rectangular section (3.4mm thick) and the outside edge is undulating. The off-set narrowed bar is also of sub-rectangular section (2.3mm wide and 1.8mm thick). The surface has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-DD3037: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle probably of late 14th to 15th century date The buckle frame is of rectangular form and is complete but is missing the pin and any plate that may have been present (with a length of 19.9mm, a width of 29.0mm and a weight of 3.8g). The outside edge of the frame is of sub-square section (2.8mm diameter) and is without a notch for the pin. The frame is not decorated apart from corner knops which have been enhanced by incised diagonal grooves on both faces. The sides are of rectangular section and converge slightly towards the narrowed bar (2.4mm square). The bar is distorted around its centre, possibly from recent damage. The surface has a dark-green patina.

NMGW-DD5407: BUCKLE
Post medieval copper alloy buckle of annular form with central bar and sheet plate of 15th or 16th century date The buckle is complete and comprises the cast annular frame, the folded sheet plate and the pin (with an overall length of 44.7mm and a weight of 17.3g). The annular frame (with a width of 37mm – 41.5mm) has a central bar. The outside edge of the frame has five concave sections separated by a cusp in a foliate design. The frame is rectangular sectioned (2.5mm thick and 52.mm – 8.0mm wide). The face of the frame was decorated with grooves within a border, now largely worn. The rear of the frame is flat and less finished. The folded sheet plate is rectangular but is bevelled at the corners of the attachment end (with a length of 27.1mm, a width of 10mm, a thickness of 0.3mm and a depth of 2.6mm – 4.5mm). The plate was attached to the strap by two rivets, now missing secured through punched perforations near the attachment edge. The pin is secured within a slot through the plate. The pin (21.0mm long) has an open loop (5.9mm diameter) and a rectangular sectioned shaft. The surface of the frame has a dark-green patina while the sheet plate and the pin has a green-brown corrosion. The buckle frame can be closely paralleled with an example excavated at Norwich from a mid-16th to late 17th century context (Margeson, 1993, no. 157 p28)[1]. [1] Margeson, S., 1993; Norwich Households: The Medieval and Post-Medieval Finds from Norwich Survey Excavations 1971-1978; East Anglian Archaeology Report No. 58, 1993

NMGW-BA78E8: BUCKLE
A cast copper alloy buckle of Medieval date (c. 1300-1450). The buckle consists of a single sub-circular loop frame with central bar with overall measurements of 30.7mm long x 28.8mm wide with a max thickness of 2.4mm. The frame is missing the pin. The negative space in the frame is asymmetrical, whether this was intentional or not is unclear. The buckle is decorated on both ends with unevenly spaced incised lines transverse along both ends of the frame. The outside edge is flares out and is more ornate, uneven in width with unevenly spaced incised transverse lines. From the ornate outside edge, the frame narrows to 2.2mm before widening to 5.9mm just before the central bar. This decoration is broken on one side. The bar is 18.8mm long and 2mm wide. The object is a dark green patina and weighs 6.23g.

NMGW-E14C91: BUCKLE
A near-complete copper alloy Medieval buckle (c. AD 1400-1500). The buckle consists of the frame and the end of the pin, the rest of the pin lost to old damage. The frame is roughly circular in plan and plano-convex in section (c.46.8mm diameter, 4.1mm thick). The frame is divided by a central bar that is sub-triangular in section and flush with the frame. The surviving portion of the pin is made of a rectangular strip of copper alloy (4.6mm wide) looped around the bar. Two integrally cast and asymmetrical decorative arms project outwards (length: 16.6mm from one side of the outer edge in the characteristic girdle design. The arms each have a sub-rectangular base with a transverse incised groove, and a sub-trapezoidal projection decorated with incised lines running adjacent to the base emerges fans out slightly (giving a total maximum length of 58.5mm). The frame is decorated with four sub-rectangular mouldings (10.4mm wide x 8.6-9.5mm long), each comprised of four transverse ribs: two on either side of the bar and a further two decorate the outside edge. The object has a medium green patina and weighs 27.30g. Similar buckles with projections have been dated c. 1400-1500 (Whitehead 1996: 46, refs: 267, 268). Similar objects are recorded on the PAS database e.g. WILT-530237, IOW-04F1E6, IOW-D6E907, HAMP-4DB23B, HAMP-C227D0 References: Whitehead, R. 2003. Buckles 1250-1800. Chelmsford: Greenlight Publishing

NMGW-1D8A07: BUCKLE
An incomplete copper alloy and enamel object of likely Early Medieval date. The object appears to be largely complete apart from patches of surface loss, minor edge damage and the loss of the outer parts of the reverse perforated lugs. The object consists of a plate with uneven thickness and a slightly curved profile. In plan it is rectangular with one end rounded the other end rectilinear, the rounded end terminating with a projecting circular knop. The obverse of the object is decorated with geometric motifs executed in champlevé enamel. The design is executed in two main panels- one is square, measuring 18.5mm on each side, the adjoining panel is roughly semi-circular with a circular terminal knop. The decoration uses two colours of enamel- one yellow, the other survives as a beige colour although likely was once red, a colour which survives only in one small corner of the square panel. The square panel is filled by the design of a central 7.1mm square with drop shaped cells projecting from each corner. This panel is executed in the degraded red enamel with the exception of the drop shaped cells, which are yellow. The semi-circular panel has a background of the degraded red enamel, the cells filled with yellow. The central drop shaped cell is flanked by symmetrical designs of a circular cell with an adjoining cell that tapers and curves towards the terminal knop, meeting each other touching the top of the central drop shaped cell. These cells are reminiscent of early medieval zoomorphic designs such as flanking birds or beasts. The 6.4mm diameter terminal knop is separated from the semi-circular panel by a narrow channel, which may have been filled with enamel as a cell, while the knop itself is inlaid with yellow enamel. Small patches of surface survive with traces of white metal surface treatment, possibly silvering. The reverse is undecorated, with three integrally cast perforated lugs, all broken across their bases. The lugs are c. 3mm thick and 6.1-6.8mm long and would have had internal diameters of c. 2mm. one of the lugs is fixed on the reverse where the knop meets the semi-circular panel, while other two are situated near the sides of the plate, c. 4mm in from the outer corners. The surface of the reverse shows file marks from its manufacture and is uneven. The metallic surfaces of the object are largely covered by a green pitted patina, with small patches of surviving white metal surface treatment. Some patches retain a smoother patina, while damage around the edges and reverse shows some patches of green corrosion product. The yellow enamel is crazed and extremely fragile but remains vitreous, while the other, originally red enamel has degraded to a soft, almost waxy substance. The precise identification of this object is uncertain- it is certainly early medieval and of the insular tradition. It shares many features with Early Medieval buckles of this tradition already recorded on the database e.g., LIN-89F702, WILT-81EB00, GLO-64F269, WMID-6E662D, especially in the attachment lugs, enamel colours and champlevé designs. However, this object apparently has intact edges, leaving nowhere for the attachment of the pin and frame. It is possible that this object was originally a buckle but was reworked into its current shape, or that corrosion and edge damage has obscured the scars left by the frame attachments breaking off. Despite this it is certainly intended to be mounted, likely to a strap. A probable fragment of buckle pin is recorded on the Jersey HER as no. 0300389, which has a very similar scheme of champlevé enamel. Length: 37.4mm Width: 21.5mm Thickness: 4.1mm (plate) 6.6mm (lug) Weight: 12.54g

NMGW-B91E21: BUCKLE
An incomplete cast copper alloy double looped buckle frame of Post Medieval date (c.17th-18th century AD). The frame is sub-rectangular in plan and plano-convex in profile with rounded corners and ornate outer edges with lips around the pin rest on each side. The central bar retains some of the pin. The reverse is plain and undecorated. The overall dimensions are 36.3mm long, 25.5mm wide, and a max of 6.7mm thick at the centre. The object is a mottled brown and green patina and weighs 7.08g.

NMGW-61FF5C: BUCKLE
An incomplete cast copper alloy buckle frame of Medieval date (c.1300-1400 AD). The buckle is a frame is single looped and D-shaped in plan with total dimensions of 18.1mm wide x 13.1mm long x 2.5mm thick. The bar is recessed and missing the pin. The buckle is decorated on the obverse with small drilled holes arranged in a single line around the frame with a serrated outer edge. The outer edge is further decorated by an incised line that runs along the buckle frame and terminates at the bar. The reverse is flat, plain and undecorated. The metal is a dark green mottled patina with patches of light green and weighs 1.37g.

NMGW-A84A92: BUCKLE
A fragment of copper alloy folded sheet buckle plate of medieval date (c. 1350-1450 AD). The buckle plate consists only of a fragment of c. 1mm thick sheet, broken where it wraps around the pin, ending in a break 22mm away from the outside edge of the plate diagonally across the plate. The plate would have been rectangular, and the sides are parallel. Central to the outside edge of the plate is a 3.4mm wide slot for the pin. The object is coated by mineralised soil and has green patina. Length: 22mm Width: 22.7mm Thickness: 1mm Weight: 2.77g

NMGW-60FC37: BUCKLE
A near-complete copper alloy buckle and plate of Medieval date (c.AD 1250-1400). The buckle is cast and the plate is of sheet manufacture with a total length of 41.8mm. The frame is a single loop D-shaped type (measuring 19.4mm long x 18.1mm wide x 4.1mm thick) with two lobed knops with an oval section constriction/pin rest between them. The frame has a narrowed recessed bar and the the pin is missing, and it would seem likely that there was originally a roller on the outside edge between the two knops. The plate is constructed from a single piece of sheet copper alloy bent around the buckle bar (measuring 25.1mm long x 14.0mm wide x 0.6mm thick). The plate is rectangular in plan with incised decoration on the upper plate forming two parallel lines with scalloped edges around the long edges and the terminal end. There are five rivet holes with four surviving rivets. The pin hole is circular with an internal diameter of 30mm. The surface patina is bright green and the object weighs 4.62g. A similar buckle is illustrated in Egan and Pritchard (2002: 73 fig. 44 no. 298). Similar objects are recorded on the database e.g. BH-CBE2A7, LVPL-CE0474 Reference: Egan, G. and Pritchard, F. 2002. Dress Accessories 1150-1450. London: Museum of London.

NMGW-B3F1E2: BUCKLE
Medieval copper alloy buckle of 13th to 15th century date The cast buckle frame is missing any associated sheet plate and possibly also a sheet metal roller from the outside of the frame (with a length of 19.8mm, a width of 21.5mm and a weight of 3.1g). The outside of the frame has extended terminals, recessed at the centre (4mm diameter) and is without decoration possibly suggesting a missing roller. The sides of the frame are arched and of oval section (1.4mm wide and 1.7mm thick). The bar is offset and narrowed. The pin is of circular-sectioned thin wire (0.6mm diameter), loosely wrapped around the bar and is probably secondary. The surface is worn and corroded dark-green patina.

Post medieval copper alloy buckle, probably of 17th century date The cast buckle is of unusual three-dimensional and asymmetric form (with a length of 32.5mm, a height of 17mm and a weight of 4.9g). The outside of the frame is curved and bevelled (with a thickness of 1.69mm) with a notch to accommodate the missing pin. The sides are near-straight and parallel (with a width of 15.8mm). Towards the rear is the bar with adhering iron corrosion, suggesting that the missing pin was iron. The attachment end of the frame deepens and at the apex is an angled tab, which depicts a bird in flight. No applied decoration survives on the buckle. The original surface has largely been stripped to red-brown corroded surface. The three-dimensional buckle with the bird-tab is of unusual form and difficult to parallel. The basal frame is similar to form of 17th century buckles.

A complete Medieval copper alloy buckle, dating from c. AD 1250 to 1400. The buckle frame is circular in plan and measures 41.69mm in diameter. In cross section, the frame is oval and has no constriction for the pin, it measures 4.78mm wide and 4.22mm deep. The pin is oval in cross section and has an open loop attaching it to the frame. It is 46.31mm long and 4.75mm wide, narrowing to 3.71mm, and ending in a blunt point. The buckle has a grey patina with areas of blackening and pale copper-green corrosion.

NMGW-AD8545: BUCKLE
Roman copper alloy military buckle of Varian type with internal scroll and iron strap connector of probably of 1st century AD date The buckle is near-complete, missing the pin and iron bar (with an overall length of 23.2mm and a weight of 3.2g). The outside edge of the frame is of D-shaped section (4.6mm wide and 2.9mm thick) and is decorated with central mouldings with an internal groove to accommodate the missing pin. Either side of the mouldings are rounded rectangles containing a central dot. Transverse grooves decorate the rest of the outside of the frame. The sides of the frame are re-curved to the rear (with a maximum width of 22.5mm) and is of oval section (with a minimum width of 2.2mm). The frame continues into the interior of the buckle with a subtle scroll either side of the missing pin. The bar is circular sectioned (1.8mm diameter and 3mm long). There are two integral loops positioned on the rear of the frame (with a width of 10.4mm), there is the remains of the iron bar still present in one of the loops. There is no applied decoration evident on the attachment end of the buckle frame. The surface has a blue-green patina. The buckle is of military type and buckles of this general form have been suggested as being from utilised by the cavalry (Appels & Laycock, 2007, pp 103)[1]. The decoration on the outside of the frame may be of devolved zoomorphic form and appears similar to later dolphin and horse buckles. [1] Appels, A. & Laycock, S.; 2007; Roman Buckles and Military Fittings

NMGW-FDF4F7: BROOCH PIN
Medieval copper alloy brooch pin, probably of 13th or 14th century date The pin is incomplete, missing the tip (with a surviving length of 27.9mm and a weight of 2.8g). The loop is closed and is comparatively wide (with an external diameter of 7.7mm, an internal diameter of 4.4mm and a width of 5.5mm). There is a prominent moulding at the base of the loop and top of the shaft, enhanced with a central groove. The pin shaft is circular sectioned, widest below the moulding (at 3.5mm diameter and 2.7mm diameter above the break). There is no other applied decoration on the loop or shaft. The surface has a dark-brown patina. The pin form would suggest its use on a brooch rather than a buckle but the missing brooch frame makes dating the pin difficult; similar pins are recorded on annular brooch frames of 13th and 14th century date.

NMGW-22A933: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plate disc brooch of 2nd century AD date The brooch is near complete, missing only the pin and peripheral lugs. The brooch is flat and had eight peripheral lugs, with a surviving maximum width of 22.50mm and weighs 3.4g. The brooch would have employed an open spring mechanism, secured by pierced lugs on the reverse. The eroded catch plate gives the brooch a surviving depth of 4.96mm. All peripheral lugs are damaged, but are likely to have been dished near the ends. The circular disc has a diameter of 18.5mm and is decorated with circular and concentric enamelled cells. The outer ring is filled with green-black enamel and the inner ring is filled with red enamel. The central circular is likely to have originally held enamel, but is now lost. The circular enamelled rings are of a single colour, which is a little unusual for the brooch type. The surface of the brooch is moderately well preserved, with a brown patina.

NMGW-5D9085: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy gilt plate brooch of glass centre-boss type and dating to the 2nd or 3rd century AD The brooch is near-complete, missing the pin and central setting. The circular brooch has a diameter of 33.7mm and weighs 17.3g. The pin and spring were likely to have been iron and were secured around a singly pierced lug on the rear of the brooch. There is a weak rib between the lug and the narrow catch (8.1mm wide). The front of the brooch is decorated with concentric circles defined by moulded ribs. The outer ring is decorated with a repeating punched S-shaped motif. The inner ring is decorated with punched conjoining circles, placed against the dividing rib, so that many of the circles are incomplete. The central setting has a diameter of 17.0mm and was seated within a deeper rib. The setting was likely to have been a coloured glass boss. At the centre of the empty setting is an unusual circular and slightly raised annulet, of uncertain purpose. The surface of the brooch is well preserved with gilding surviving in both outer rings. Tinning survives on the rear of the brooch. Elsewhere, the copper alloy has a pale to mid-green patina.

NMGW-D79451: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch of wheel type and dating to the late 1st to 2nd century AD The brooch is complete and has a weight of 7.8g. The brooch has a hinge mechanism with twin lugs and an iron axis bar, evidenced by iron corrosion over the lugs. The circular brooch frame has a diameter of 34.3mm. The rim of the brooch projects above the surface and has no peripheral lugs. The outside ring or felloe is comparatively wide at 6.8mm with two concave panels, forming a central ridge. The inner edge of the felloe has a smaller raised rim. The brooch has four arms of sub- rectangular section and straight parallel sides. The central boss is concave and circular with a diameter of 7.7mm. The top of the boss is also concave and has an integral projecting knop of 2.7mm diameter, giving the brooch a height of 7.3mm (15.2mm overall depth). The brooch has good surface preservation with a pale to mid green patina. Deep file marks from the finishing of the brooch are evident on the reverse.

NMGW-65B2A4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch of wheel type and dating to the late 1st- early 2nd century AD The brooch is near-complete, missing an area of the rim and the pin, and has a weight of 7.7g. The brooch has a hinge mechanism with twin lugs, now badly corroded and a copper alloy axis bar. The circular brooch frame has a diameter of 34.4mm. The rim of the brooch projects above the surface (with a thickness of 2.1mm) and has no peripheral lugs. The outside ring or felloe is comparatively wide at 7.0mm with a faceted internal panel, forming a low central ridge. The inner edge of the felloe also has a raised rim. The brooch has four arms of trapezoidal section and straight parallel sides. The central boss is circular (with a diameter of 7.1mm) and has a waisted side. The top of the boss is also concave and has an integral projecting knop of 2.7mm diameter, giving the brooch a height of 5.9mm (10.7mm overall depth). The brooch has good surface preservation with a pale to mid green patina. File marks from the finishing of the brooch are evident on the reverse. The brooch is similar to Green's (1982) Type 1b, but without ribbing on the arms.

NMGW-6685EC: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman flat disc brooch (c. AD 75-300). The brooch is missing the pin. The body of the brooch is circular in plan and flat in profile (24.5mm in diameter, 2.1mm depth). Six peripheral knops (c. 3.7mm wide) decorate the outer circumference but all have been broken sometime in antiquity. The hinge mechanism is positioned on the reverse of the top knop, which is broken and missing appx. half of the height in an old break (surviving height is 7.7mm, 3.7mm wide). Directly across the plate is another knop which accommodates the catchplate on the reverse (surviving width 3.4mm, height 3.7mm). The disc is decorated with an outer band (2.5mm thick) incised with two thin lines around the circumference, and a single recessed band (4mm thick) likely once containing enamel surrounding a centrally perforated raised centre (6.9mm diameter; the hole is 2.2mm in diameter). The reverse is flat and undecorated. The object has a mid-green patina with a maximum length of 32mm, width 24.8mm, depth 5.4mm at the catchplate and weighs 5.22g. Brooches of this type have been classified as enamelled disc brooches with peripheral lugs in Hattatt 1987 p.170. Similar brooches are recorded on the PAS database: NMS-532C12, SUR-E3D7CD.

NMGW-A52DB7: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.b4, flat wing ends type, Western Group), of late 1st to early 2nd century AD date. The brooch is comparatively light and is near-complete but is distorted (with a distorted length of 63.3mm a depth of 16.8mm and a weight of 10.0g). The brooch employed a spring mechanism around a copper alloy axis bar and secured at the ends of the wings. The chord was tensioned above the head by a lug. The wing terminals are angled slightly inwards (and the wings have a width of 19.6mm). The fronts of the wings are decorated with vertical grooves. The bow is of rounded D-shaped section with straight sides converging towards the foot (with a width at the head of 6.6mm and a thickness of 5.0mm). The lug to tension the chord continues along the bow as a gradually weakening V-shaped rib, which has been enhanced with horizontal grooves below the head. The base of the rib is further defined with a V-shaped groove. No other decoration is evident on the bow. The catch-plate is as wide as the leg and arcs to the catch. The plate has openwork decoration comprising two geometric apertures. The position of the catch is defined by a linear groove on the external face. The foot is simple and pointed. Where the surface survives, the brooch has a pale green patina while the spring and pin have a dark green to brown patina.

NMGW-F9EF51: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Headstud type and of 2nd century AD date The brooch is near-complete, missing the chain-loop, some of the spring and the end of the pin (with a surviving length of 50.8mm, a depth of 20mm and a weight of 16.0g). The spring is secured around a single central lug and the chord appears to have been tensioned above but is now corroded and fragmentary and it is unclear whether the chain loop was integral to the brooch or spring (swivelling chain loop). The wings are angled towards the rear (with a width of 18.0mm). The fronts of the wings are decorated with vertical ribbing. The integral headstud has a central boss and is circular (with a diameter of 7.2mm and a height of 1.8mm). There is no crest between chain loop and the headstud. The bow is of sub-rectangular section with straight sides converging towards the foot. The front of the bow has a rectangular recessed panel beginning from beneath the headstud and continuing to above the foot. The panel would have held enamel in alternating; remnant squares, now grey in colour survive on the leg. The foot is circular (with a diameter of 8.3mm) and projects forward. The catch-plate is positioned at the centre of the rear of the leg and arcs sharply to the catch. The brooch surface has a mid to dark green patina.

NMGW-FABA51: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy anthropomorphic plate brooch of 2nd century AD date The brooch is near complete, missing the pin and some peripheral damage (with a length of 33.7mm, a distorted width of 37.6mm and a weight of 6.9g). The brooch employed a hinge mechanism with twin lugs (6.9mm deep), positioned on the rear of one of the peripheral lugs on the side. The catch-plate is positioned on the rear of the opposing lug (9.9mm deep). The rear of the brooch is hollowed (with an overall distorted depth of 11.5mm). The peripheral lugs are sub-circular (7mm wide by 6-7mm long) and remnants of deep-blue enamel survive in all but one of the lugs. The brooch has a sub-lozenge shaped panel (16.6mm sq.) with a central oval domed boss (12.8mm long, 9.7mm wide and 3.9mm deep). The boss was enhanced with an anthropomorphic design, comprising a face. Many of the features are obscured by corrosion but the raised nose is prominent. The eyes are discernible as lentoid depressions flanked by raised mouldings. The face is perpendicular to the direction of the pin. The brooch has a brown patina with patches of white to pale green corrosion or surface leeching. The brooch can be closely paralleled with two examples recorded by Hattatt (1989, pp186, fig. 87, Nos. 1656, 1276A)[1] found at Tetbury, Gloucestershire and in west Hampshire respectively. Hattatt describes the brooches as 'Late Celtic' in style.

NMGW-FC5697: BROOCH
Late Iron Age copper alloy bow brooch of La Tène III type and probably of mid-1st century BC to mid-1st century AD date The brooch is near complete with peripheral damage (with a length of 51.2mm, a depth of 15mm and a weight of 4.1g). The brooch is of one-piece construction with an internal chord and four spring coils (with a width of 10.8mm and diameter of 1.8mm - 2.3mm). The bow is sheet metal (with a thickness of 0.5mm) and comprises two oval lobes, separated by a narrowing in the bow. The upper lobe is damaged (with a surviving width of 15.6mm and a length of 11mm) and is likely to have been dished (convex) originally. The upper lobe was decorated with an incised geometric design, probably comprising opposing triangles. A seperate strip of copper alloy (1.5mm wide and 1.5mm thick) has been bent around the bow where it narrows. The lower lobe (with a width of 15.9mm and a length of 16mm) is flat and no decoration is now discernible. The bow narrows to a thin leg (with a maximum width of 4mm) with straight sides converging to the simple pointed foot. The front of the leg has a crude double-incised vertical groove. The catch-plate has largely been lost from the rear of the leg, with a small remnant surviving behind the foot. The brooch has an inconsistent pale-green patina, which appears to overlie the black discoloured copper alloy, possibly as a result of burning. The brooch can be closely paralleled with an example recorded by Hattatt (1989, p 22-24, No. 1454)[1] found at Hanging Langford, Wiltshire, c. 40km to the south of this find. Hattatt (ibid.) states that the form is an unusual import of the Gaulish 'Unguiforme' type and of Feugère (1985)[2] Type 11; Hull placed the type as 10.H within the La Tène III brooches. Brooches of the type have a largely southern English distribution within Britain. Most other examples, except the Hanging Langford and this example have a single lobe on the bow and both of these examples have similar decoration on the upper lobe. The Hanging Langford example does not have a strip around the bow and there does not appear to be any practical purpose for this strip. It would seem likely that the strip is a reference to the 'clips' from the return of the leg in earlier La Tène II brooches.

NMGW-55C328: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 6.b8, wavy ridge, flat wing ends type) of the Eastern Group, dating to the late 1st -early 2nd century AD. The brooch is near complete, missing the spring and catch and has a length of 55.3mm and a weight of 21.8g. The spring mechanism was secured by a Polden Hill type arrangement, with pierced lugs at the terminals of the wings. No claw or lug to tension the chord is evident on the head. The wings have a width of 30.8mm and are decorated near the terminals two vertical panels containing wavy lines, defined by punched marks. The bow is of sub-rectangular section (8.4mm wide x 7.8mm thick at the head) with straight sides converging towards the foot. The bow is decorated with a vertical recessed column containing opposing raised wavy lines defining central recessed chevrons. There is no evidence that the recessed areas contained enamel. The design is clear on the head and leg of the bow but has been worn away along the mid bow. The foot is simple and pointed. The catch-plate is damaged and corroded but appears to have carried incised decoration. The surface is generally well preserved with a mid to dark green patina.

NMGW-561E14: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), dating AD 80-120. The brooch is incomplete and is represented by the head and upper bow only, with a surviving length of 29.3mm and a weight of 8.4g. The spring mechanism was secured by a Polden Hill type arrangement, with pierced lugs at the terminals of the wings. A claw was employed to tension the chord on the head. The wings have a width of 20.6mm and have expanded oval terminals (9.1mm x 7.2mm), which are angled towards the rear. The sides of the bow have curved mouldings at the head and have a width of 10.8mm. The upper bow is of D-shaped section with straight sides converging towards the break. The bow has no decoration on the surviving fragment. The surface is generally well-preserved with a dark green patina.

NMGW-C38561: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Part 3, Group 4.l, flat wing ends type), dating to the 80-160 AD The brooch is near complete, missing the pin and catch only, and has a length of 53.7mm and a weight of 10.3g. The spring mechanism is still in place and was secured by a Polden Hill type arrangement, with pierced lugs at the terminals of the wings. A claw was employed to tension the chord on the head. The wings have a width of 20.5mm and have expanded circular terminals (8mm diameter), which are angled towards the rear. The sides of the bow have curved mouldings at the head and have a width of 10.5mm. The upper bow is of D-shaped section with straight sides converging towards the foot. The bow is decorated with a single central groove running from the claw at the head to the foot. The foot knob has a diameter of 6.1mm and is below a horizontal moulding. The catch-plate begins as a rib beneath the head and arcs out at the leg. The surface is generally well-preserved with a pale green to brown patina.

NMGW-7EE142: BROOCH
An early-medieval copper-alloy brooch of ansate type, dating from the 8th or 9th century The brooch is incomplete, missing the head (with a surviving length of 29.7 mm and a weight of 3.4 g). The arched bow gives the brooch a depth of 13 mm. The bow is of D-shaped section (2.8 mm thick) with straight parallel sides (7.5 mm wide). The bow is decorated with horizontal ribs, positioned at the apex of the arched bow and at the top of the leg. There is a further slight rib at the foot and there was likely to have been another rib between the head and the arched bow and a corresponding weaker rib at the top of the head. No other decoration is evident on the brooch. The catch-plate survives on the rear of the bow, positioned at the top of the leg (with a length of 5.5 mm and a surviving depth of 2.4 mm). Coarse file marks are evident on the rear of the bow. The surface of the brooch is well preserved with dark brown patina. The brooch can be closely paralleled with an example found near Dover and recorded by Hattatt (1989, 211; no. 1686). A similar brooch, recovered from Grigley on the Hill, Nottinghamshire has been recorded by PAS. Weetch dates these brooches to the 8th or 9th centuries.

NMGW-A9D678: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of T-shaped, applied hook type (Hull's Group 7) and probably of mid to late 1st century date The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring, wing terminals, foot and catch-plate (with a length of 59.3mm and a weight of 19.6g). The missing spring was likely to have been coiled around an axis bar and secured by lugs at the wing terminals (Polden Hill type arrangement) and with the chord secured by the copper alloy sheet at the head. The damaged wings (with a surviving width of 29.5mm) are decorated with vertical ribbing. The rear of the head has a V-shaped cut at its base. The head has a damaged applied plate, riveted through the bow in two places. The plate (with a surviving length of 17.3mm, a width of 7.0mm, and a thickness of 0.6mm) would have been seated in a recess at the top of the head. The bow (with a width of 14.0mm and a thickness of 6.0mm near the head) is hollow with an open back. The front of the bow has a concave border each side of the applied hook. The sides of the bow are straight, converging towards the foot and are angled inwards towards the rear. The rear opening converges and closes above the beginning of the catch-plate. The leg of the brooch is decorated with a central raised rib, flanked on each side by an undulating rib in sunk relief, before the concave borders. The damage pattern to the catch-plate may suggest a perforated design. The brooch has variable surface preservation with a dark-green patina.

NMGW-490957: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy penannular brooch of Fowler’s (1960) Type B (or ‘omega’ / Iberian type) and of sub-type B3, probably of c. mid 1st to early 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, but is complete except for the missing pin (with a width of 45mm, a height of 44mm and a weight of 14.2g). The hoop is of quadrangular section (having a width of 6.0mm and a thickness of 4.0mm) with rounded faces, faceted on the interior edge. The terminals are composed of a crescent moulding opposing the hoop with a ‘tear-shaped’ device between the crescent and hoop. The brooch is eroded but the surface is well-preserved with a pale to mid-green patina.

NMGW-99A8D4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4.i1, lanceolate motif, flat wing ends type, West Midlands) and 2nd-mid-3rd century AD date. The brooch is near-complete, missing the pin (with a distorted length of 63.3mm and a weight of 17.8g). The spring mechanism is secured within a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The wings have expanded terminals (with a width of 22.1mm) and are otherwise plain. The sides of the head have a low curved moulding (giving the head a width of 11.9mm). The bow is of D-shaped section with straight sides converging towards the foot. The bow is decorated with a central rib in sunken relief and enhanced with notches, now eroded. The rib is flanked with diagonal lentoid mouldings, which zigzag along each side of the bow. The catch-plate begins as a rib at the rear of the bow. The spherical foot-knob (with a diameter of 4.6mm) stems from a concave moulding at the base of the bow. The surface is well preserved, but eroded and has a pale green patina.

NMGW-9E8D60: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Hod Hill type and of 1st century AD date (probably mid to late 1st century AD) The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin and leg (with a surviving length of 36.2mm, a depth of 6.7mm and a weight of 52.3g). The hinged spring is secured within a rolled head (18.7mm wide). The sides of the head converge towards the upper bow. The upper bow has side lugs beneath the head (21.4mm width), beneath which the sides of the bow are straight and convergent. The bow is decorated with vertical ribbing (2.6mm thick), with the suggestion that the ribs were knurled. The bow is stepped to the leg (with a width of 10.7mm and a thickness of 2.2mm) where the decorative double ribs are horizontal above the break. The rear of the bow is flat and plain and the beginnings of the catch-plate are evident at the top of the leg. The surface has a mid brown patina.

NMGW-2C95E1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch, probably of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group). 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 18.5mm and a weight of 3.6g). The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured within end lugs and the chord was tensioned above the head with a claw, similar to Polden Hill type brooches. The wings are angled slightly to the rear (with a width of 19.0mm) and were decorated with vertical grooves. There was a V-shaped groove at the head around the claw. The bow is of low D-shaped section (2.3mm thick) and has straight sides, which converge towards the break (with a width at the head of 9.1mm and a width at the break of 5.4mm). There is the suggestion of grooves running along the sides of the bow but the decoration has been lost. The brooch green grey surface patina.

NMGW-7C8871: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch probably of trumpet derivative type and 2nd century date The brooch is fragmentary and distorted, represented by the upper bow (with a length of 25.6mm and a weight of 2.5g). The brooch employed a spring mechanism, now missing. The spring was likely to have been secured within lateral lugs, which have also been lost (giving the wings a surviving 13.7mm). Above the head are the remnants of an integral chain loop. The top of the bow is flat (with a width of 9.8mm and a depth of 7.5mm). The bow has a hollow rear (U-shaped section, with a depth of 3.6mm and a thickness of 1.6mm) and straight sides converging towards the mid bow. The face is convex across its width and is decorated with a central column of opposing triangular cells, which held enamel, the remnants of which are now blue green. The bow has a horizontal groove before a button, possibly comprising three knops. The bow has broken across the button. Remnant mid brown surface patina survives in recessed areas and on the rear.

NMGW-A4FC76: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Hod Hill type and of 1st century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin and leg (with a surviving length of 36.3mm, a depth of 11.6mm and a weight of 6.2g). The hinged spring was secured within a rolled head (15.2mm wide). There is iron corrosion within the rolled head, suggestion the axis bar was iron. The sides of the bow converge beneath the head and the bow is parallel sided (at 10.1mm) to the mid-bow. The upper bow is decorated with two horizontal ribs (giving a thickness of 3.0mm). The mid-bow is expanded and has two side lugs (giving a maximum width of 28.8mm). The mid section has a wide vertical groove on each side and a central vertical rib. The side lugs have central vertical ribs flanked by shallow grooves. The top of the leg has a horizontal groove before double horizontal ribs above the break. The beginning of the catch-plate is evident on the rear of the leg. The original surface of the brooch has been lost and is currently pale green to red-brown.

NMGW-A72074: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.a2, flat wing ends type, Western Group) of early 2nd to mid 3rd century AD date. The brooch is near complete, missing the pin (with a length of 57.4mm and a weight of 13.8g). The spring mechanism was secured within a Polden Hill type arrangement, with lugs at the terminals to secure the missing axis bar and a lug at the head to tension the chord. The chord and spring remnants survive. The wings (with a width of 27.0mm) are of oval section (7.4mm x 6.8m) and are decorated near the terminals with a knurled rib defined by flanking grooves. The underside of the head rises sharply to the bow. The sides of the bow have curved mouldings near the head (with a width of 9.4mm), which are knurled along the bow. The lug at the head develops into a gradually weakening V-shaped rib in sunken relief. The top of the V-shaped groove has also been knurled. Beneath the side moulding, the bow is of D-shaped section with straight sides converging to the simple, pointed foot. There is no discernible decoration beneath the upper bow. The catch-plate is as wide as the leg and narrows to the catch. The interior of the catch-plate has a decorative open triangle (4.3mm x 7.3mm). The brooch surface is slightly pitted with a mid-green patina surviving over much of the brooch.

NMGW168: BROOCH
Flat bow of small curvature expanding towards the missing foot. The bow is decorated with fluted reeding, which runs along its entire length and terminates at the moulded transverse rib located at the bow’s junction with the spring-cover. The catch plate is deformed and partly missing but contained a single perforation of indeterminate shape. The cylindrical spring-cover is open along a slit on the back of the brooch and at either end. Only two incomplete fragments of the brooch survive. The bow has been bent through ninety degrees, although it is uncertain whether this occurred during antiquity or not. The entire spring and pin element is missing. Surviving length c.47mm, weight 6.7 grams. An example of Hull’s Class B (cf. Hawkes and Hull 1947, 317), closely paralleled by published examples from near Wimbourne, Dorset (Hattatt 1985, 36, no.269, fig.15) and France (Hattatt 1987, 43, no.770, fig.16).

NMGW3138: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy two-piece bow brooch. The chord, pin, lower half of the bow and catch-plate are missing. The brooch contains a bilateral spring held by a copper ally axis bar through a cast lug on the back of the trumpet head with the chord below and free, just pressing against the back of the head of the brooch (cf. Type G Hattat 1982, 49, table 2). The upper part of the lug does not extend above the back of the head. The decoration on the middle of the bow is not of the usual "acanthus" form, but instead consists of a wide notch. Other decoration on the brooch consists of curvilinear panels on the head or upper part of the bow including two inset stylised "eyes" set on either side of the head. Microscopic examination suggests that traces of blue enamel remain in parts of the curvilinear panels. One side of the spring is enveloped in ferrous corrosion which suggests that a replacement iron pin was added to the brooch following the loss of the original copper alloy pin. Minimum length 52mm. Trumpet brooches are a common type and are found throughout Roman Britain on both military and civilian sites. The brooch type has a date range from the mid first century AD to the late second century AD and although closer dating on typological criteria has been suggested its validity is not certain (Hattatt 1987, 128; Mackreth 1997, 136). Two antecedents for the type have been suggested: the Pannonian "Kraftig Profilierte" type and the pre-Roman Aylesford type (Hattatt 1982, 104; Hattatt 1987, 126-128). The absence of a protruding chain loop suggests that this is an early form of the Trumpet brooch cf. Hattatt 1982, 106, no.79.

NMGW3140: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Colchester brooch. The pin and half the bilateral spring (originally of eight coils) is missing. The external chord is pressed forward and secured by a forward facing hook on top of the head. The end of the chord hook is embellished with two transverse grooves. The spring is obscured by two delicately moulded wings, both of which are embellished with longitudinal ridges. The bow is narrow, of hexagonal-section, forms one continuous curve in profile and tapers towards a plain foot. The back of the bow is marked with a series of irregularly spaced, transverse grooves. The cause and function of these grooves is not obvious; they are presumably not decorative although they appear to have been deliberately applied with a punch. The unperforated catch-plate is damaged and incomplete, but originally extended for just over a third of the bow length. The finder has replaced the missing part of the spring and pin with a finely crafted replica manufactured from solder wire. Length 44mm, maximum original width 16mm (estimated). The brooch is an example of a Colchester type of brooch; a type current in southern Britain during the first century AD. Its small size suggests that it is of the sub-type known as the "Small-Late" group (Mackreth 1994, 287) which date to the middle fifty years of the first century AD (Mackreth 1994, 288). Colchester type brooches are so named because of the large numbers excavated at Camulodunum. This form of brooch is distinguished from its contemporaries by the use of a forward facing overhead hook to accommodate the chord; this arrangement apparently originated on the Continent during the second half of the first century BC (Hattatt 1987, 29-30).

Copper alloy, Langton Down type brooch. Flat bow of a small curvature expanding towards the missing foot. The bow is decorated with fluted reeding which runs along its entire length and terminates at the moulded transverse rib located at the bow's junction with the spring-cover. The catch plate is deformed and partly missing but contained a single perforation of indeterminate shape. The cylindrical spring-cover is open along a slit on the back of the brooch and at either end. Only two incomplete fragments of the brooch survive. The bow has been bent through ninety degrees, although it is uncertain whether this occurred during antiquity or not. The entire spring and pin element is missing. Surviving length c.47mm. An example of Hull's Class B (cf. Hawkes and Hull 1947, 317), closely paralleled by published examples from near Wimbourne, Dorset (Hattatt 1985, 36, no.269, fig.15) and France (Hattatt 1987, 43, no.770, fig.16). Although a number of examples of the type are known from pre-Roman contexts the majority of British examples are presumed to date to the early Roman period. In general, British examples of the type are dated from the second and into the third quarter of the first century AD (Hattatt 1982, 80; Mackreth 1994, 294).

Derivative trumpet-headed brooch of the disc and trumpet type. The bilateral, six coil, spring is accommodated in a recessed hollow set in the rear of the head while the axis bar is held in place by two perforated lugs on either side of the head (type N cf. Hattatt 1982, 49). The bow is straight, with a raised disc set mid-way along its length and terminates in a pseudo-penannular loop. The brooch is incomplete: the chord, pin, part of the solid catch-plate, the lugs set either side of the mid-bow disc and the fixed chain loop surmounting the head of the brooch are missing. The surface of the brooch has been plated with white metal, probably tin but possibly silver. Traces of this applied white metal stand proud, on the head, bow, disc and terminal pseudo-penannular loop as well as "eyes" on the head; the mid-bow disc is also decorated with inset green enamel. Surviving length 53mm. Closely paralleled in from by published examples from Thetford (Hattatt 1982, 110-111, no.87, fig.47) and Mildenhall, Suffolk (Hattatt 1987, 140, no.970, fig.46). Probably of second century AD date. The brooch is a derivative trumpet-headed brooch of the disc and trumpet type. This type conforms to Collingwood's Group S(ii) which includes trumpet headed brooches with circular, semicircular or pelta-shaped plates on the bow, spring pin and head-loop (Collingwood 1930, 255, fig.62). This type has been studied by Richardson (1960) and Hattatt (1982, 110-111, no.87, fig. 47; 1985, 113-114, nos.450-453, fig.47; 1987, 140-141, nos.970-971, fig.46; 1989, 89, no.970, figs.43-44). It is typified by the decorative disc set mid-way along the bow and usually enamelled, the integral chain loop, the trumpet head and the straight bow (Hattatt 1982, 110). Examples of the type are frequently decorated with tinning or inlaid silver (Hattatt 1985, 113). The type is a variation of the early Roman trumpet brooches; the decorative disc is presumably derived from the headstud type of Roman brooch (Hattatt 1982, 110). Examples of the type have been found throughout Roman Britain, including South Wales (Hattatt 1985, 113; Hattatt 1989, 89, 91, fig.44).

Romano-British, copper alloy Colchester derivative brooch of the Polden Hills type. The brooch contains a bilateral spring of ten coils whose overhead chord is held in place by a simple rearward-facing hook. A copper alloy axis bar passes through the coils of the spring and is held by pierced circular plates at the ends of the wings (cf. Type L Hattatt 1982, 49, table 2). The wings are semi-cylindrical and both accommodate and hide from view the spring mechanism. The ends of the wings are decorated with moulded "knurled" ribs set adjacent to the pierced circular plates. Flat circular mouldings or "appendages" are present either side of the bow adjacent to the wings. There is a slight bulge underneath the head of the brooch. The top of the head is decorated with two low, moulded, "knurled" ribs while the upper half of the tapering, oval-sectioned bow is decorated with a series of moulded vertical grooves inlaid with white metal, probably silver. The pin of the brooch is broken near the spring. Both the end of the bow and the catch-plate are missing. Mid-first to mid-second century in date. Length (minimum) 43mm, width of head 25mm.

Cast copper alloy hinged T-shaped brooch of uncertain sub-type. The head of the brooch, which in profile is sharply turned down from the bow, accommodates a hinged pin and two projecting cylindrical wings. The end of one wing is missing; however, the end of the complete wing is notched. Part of a lug, which probably formed an integrally cast chain loop, projects from the top of the brooch's head. Only the upper part of the hinged pin survives. The upper half of the bow forms a petal-shaped plate embellished with three recessed panels, which presumably accommodated enamel decoration. The lower half of the bow is distorted and incomplete but part of a catchplate remains intact. As a type the T-shaped bow brooch is a rather general grouping which encompasses nearly forty sub-types, several of which are demonstrably localised in their distribution. Unfortunately, the lack of published parallels for this example prevents the closer identification of its sub-type. T-shaped brooches remained in vogue from the mid first century AD to the second century AD and occur most commonly in southern Britain. Cf. Hattatt 1987, 100-116, nos.906-932, figs.37-39.

Fragment of a cast copper alloy two-piece trumpet brooch. Only part of the bow and head survive; the spring, chord, pin, lower half of the bow and catch-plate are missing. The surface of the brooch is heavily corroded and much original surface detail has been lost. The reverse of the brooch's head contains a perforated lug, which would have presumably accommodated an axial bar. The upper part of the lug apparently extends above the back of the head. The decoration on the middle of the bow consists of poorly defined triple mouldings rather than a typical "acanthus" motif. No other decoration on the brooch is visible. Surviving length 49mm. An example of Collingwood's Type R (I) cf. 1930, 251-253, fig.62, nos.46-48. Trumpet brooches are a common type and are found throughout Roman Britain on both military and civilian sites. The brooch has a date range from the mid first century AD to the late second century AD and although closer dating on typological criteria has been suggested its validity is not certain (Hattatt 1987, 128; Mackreth 1997, 136). Two antecedents for the type have been suggested: the Pannonian "Kraftig Profilierte" type and the pre-Roman Aylesford type (Hattatt 1982, 104; Hattatt 1987, 126-128). The triple moulded flanges have been considered a prototype of the 'acanthus' motif (Collingwood 1930, 253; Hattatt 1982, 105) suggesting that this example may be relatively early in date.

Probably a Romano-British, copper alloy Colchester derivative brooch of the Polden Hill type with flat wing ends. The brooch contains a bilateral spring of fourteen coils. A simple rearward-facing hook on the head of the brooch presumably accommodated a now missing, overhead chord. A copper alloy axis bar passes through the coils of the spring and is held by pierced circular plates at the ends of the wings (cf. type L Hattatt 1982, 49, table 2). The wings are semi-cylindrical and both accommodate and hide from view the spring mechanism. The wings are decorated with moulded ribs set both midway along their length and adjacent to the pierced circular plates. Flat circular mouldings or "appendages" are present either side of the bow adjacent to the wings. The top of the head is decorated with a longitudinal recessed panel which may have contained enamel, while the upper half of the tapering bow is decorated with a series of transverse mouldings. The pin, overhead chord, lower half of the bow and catch-plate are missing. Mid-first to mid-second century in date. [Identified from photographs]

Fragment of a cast copper alloy brooch. Only the upper part of the bow, part of the flat plate that forms the head of the brooch and the central lug which accommodated the spring mechanism survive. Most of the surviving part of the bow is decorated with a wide, longitudinal groove which contains two way ridges that skeumorphically imitate stitching. The uppermost part of the bow immediately adjacent to the head of the brooch is decorated with an incised St Andrew's cross motif. There is no surviving trace of enamel. The edges of the flat plate which forms the head of the brooch are lost; however, the surviving part of the plate is consistent with it originally forming a semicircular shape that extended downwards. Surviving length 18mm, weight 4.3 grams. An example of a Wroxeter type brooch (Hattatt 1987, 145-147, fig.48) dated, perhaps too precisely, by Hattatt to the first half of the second century AD (1989, 96).

Fragment of a cast copper alloy two-piece trumpet brooch. Only part of the bow and head of the brooch survive; the spring, chord, pin, lower half of the bow and catch-plate are missing. The surface of the brooch is heavily corroded and much original surface detail has been lost. The reverse of the brooch's head contains the remains of a perforated lug, which would have presumably accommodated an axial bar. The decoration on the middle of the bow consists of poorly defined moulding rather than a typical "acanthus" motif. No other decoration on the brooch is visible. Surviving length 43mm. An example of Collingwood's Type R (I) cf. 1930, 251-253, fig.62, nos.46-48. Trumpet brooches are a common type and are found throughout Roman Britain on both military and civilian sites. The brooch type has a date range from the mid first century AD to the late second century AD and although closer dating on typological criteria has been suggested, its validity is not certain (Hattatt 1987, 128; Mackreth 1997, 136). Two antecedents for the type have been suggested: the Pannonian "Kraftig Profilierte" type and the pre-Roman Aylesford type (Hattatt 1982, 104; Hattatt 1987, 126-128). The triple moulded flanges have been considered a prototype of the 'acanthus' motif (Collingwood 1930, 253; Hattatt 1982, 105) suggesting that this example may be relatively early in date.

Fragment of a cast copper alloy two-piece head stud brooch with small fluted wings. Only the upper part of the bow and part of the hinged pin survive; the chain-loop, lower half of the bow and catch-plate are missing. The bow is decorated with a line of small recessed lozenges which presumably formed settings for enamel. The head stud is a simple raised pellet with a central boss. Surviving length 26mm. Mid first to second century in date.

Bow of British derivative of the Aucissa type of brooch. The tapering bow is thin and only slightly arched. The top of the bow widens through a slight step to the head of the brooch, which is decorated with two incised eyelet motifs. The bow is decorated with a central rib embellished with a shallow groove with a series of shallow transverse notches applied to one side. The edges of the bow are also embellished with ribs which contain shallow central grooves. The lower part of the bow is missing. The hinge of the bow is curled under the head of the brooch. Surviving length of bow 31mm, maximum width of brooch head 14mm.

Romano-British, copper alloy Colchester derivative brooch of the Polden Hills type. The brooch contains a bilateral spring of apparently six coils whose overhead chord is held in place by a simple rearward-facing hook. A copper alloy axis bar passes through the coils of the spring and is held by pierced circular plates at the ends of the wings (cf. type L Hattatt 1982, 49, table 2). The wings are semi-cylindrical and both accommodate and hide from view the spring mechanism. The pierced circular plates at the ends of the wings are larger than the wings giving them the appearance of decorative moulded ribs. Flat circular mouldings or "appendages" are present either side of the bow adjacent to the wings. The top of the head is decorated with three low, moulded ribs while the surviving, upper part of the tapering, bow is decorated with three narrow longitudinal ridges which bisect a series of transverse rib-like mouldings. The entire surface of the brooch, including the pin, is plated with white metal, presumably tin. The lower part of the pin, the end of the bow and the catch-plate are missing. Mid-first to mid-second century in date. Length (minimum) 40mm, width of head 20.5mm, weight 10.7 grams.

Cast copper alloy undecorated, hinged, T-shaped bow brooch. The bow is narrow and narrows as it curves towards an almost point-like tip, while the wings of the brooch are unusually short. Most of the pin and part of the small catch-plate are missing. Length 47.5mm, width of the head 11mm, weight 6.5 grams. For a close parallel cf. Hattatt 1987, 104, no.906, fig.37. As a type the T-shaped bow brooch is a rather general grouping which encompasses nearly forty sub-types, several of which are demonstrably localised in their distribution. T-shaped brooches remained in vogue from the mid first century AD to the second century AD and occur most commonly in southern Britain cf. Hattatt 1987, 100-116, nos.906-932, figs.37-39.

Romano-British copper alloy hinged trumpet brooch with an integrally cast fixed chain-loop and dummy. The bow is embellished with an acanthus moulding which does not extend around the back of the bow. Moulded transverse knurled ribs are set above and below the acanthus. The bow is also decorated with a narrow longitudinal knurled rib which extends from the dummy clip to the moulded rib above the acanthus and then from the moulded rib below the acanthus to the foot knob. The foot knob consists of two separate knurled mouldings. The head is decorated by a knurled border and the dummy clip is also embellished with a knurled moulding. The knurled decoration apparently imitates the form of stitching. The brooch did not contain any enamel decoration. The lower part of the bow is straight while the upper part curves and widens into the typical trumpet-shaped head. The rear of the head is recessed; two transverse cylindrical mouldings held the axis bar and a longitudinal notch accommodated the movement of the hinge. The upper part of the bow is slightly distorted. The original hinged pin and axis bar are missing and have been neatly replaced by the finder with modern white metal versions. Part of the catchplate is damaged. Length 80mm, width of head 19mm. An example of a hinged Trumpet brooch, the acanthus moulding is plain behind placing the brooch within Collingwood's sub-group R(iv) cf. Collingwood 1930, 253. Reported by Mr Brian Davies on behalf of the finder. The brooch was recovered several years ago in an area to the north-west of Cowbridge. The finder has identified two possible findspots (NGR SS97607565) and (NGR SS96987596) and the find was certainly recovered from somewhere within the two square kilometres defined by NGR SS9675 and NGR SS9775. Trumpet brooches are a common type and are found throughout Roman Britain on both military and civilian sites. The brooch type has a date range from the mid first century AD to the late second century AD and although closer dating on typological criteria has been suggested its validity is not certain (Hattatt 1987, 128; Mackreth 1997, 136). Two antecedents for the type have been suggested: the Pannonian "Kraftig Profilierte" type and the pre-Roman Aylesford type (Hattatt 1982, 104; Hattatt 1987, 126-128).

Copper alloy brooch of Pannonian Flugelfibel type. The head of the brooch expands to accommodate the missing spring and pin mechanism which was held in place by a central rearward lug the upper part of which was extended to form the chord hook. The upper part of the straight bow is embellished with a single knob set between two forward facing wings curved towards each other, the lower of which is incomplete. The end of the upper wing, which has been repaired by the finder, contains a central perforation (diameter 2-3mm), presumably to accommodate a knob or other fitting. Only the section of the catchplate immediately adjacent to the bow is intact; towards the top of the bow it is complete (width 9mm), however, where it should widen midway along the bow it is broken along an apparently serrated edge which presumably marks the line of openwork decoration nearest the bow. In addition to most of the catchplate and the spring mechanism, the lower part of the bow is also missing. Surviving length 69mm, width of head 21mm, weight 20.3 grams. Drawing upon work by Jochen Garbsch, the Pannonian Flugelfibel (trans. Winged brooch) type, sometimes also known as the Norican-Pannonian wing-brooch (e.g. Mocsy 1974, 63, pl.4a), is discussed by Hattatt (1987, 34-37). Pannonia was one of the border provinces of the Roman Emperor located within Central Europe. Its borders were defined on the north and east by the River Danube, on the west by the Alps and on the south by the River Drava (an area equivalent to northern parts of the former Yugoslavia, eastern Austria and western Hungary). Hattatt notes that the vogue of the Flugelfibel type extends from the beginning of the first century AD and into the second century, and that their size varies from c.40mm to c.210mm (Hattatt 1987, 34, 36). Its most distinctive features are the openwork decoration almost always present on the catchplates and the eponymous curved wings set either side of a knobbed moulding at the top of the bow, and upon each of which are usually fixed two, three or four knobs (Hattatt 1987, 37). A large number of contemporary carvings depict Flugelfibel, and their study suggest that they were exclusively worn by women, in pairs, one on each shoulder, pin point uppermost (as is usual for ancient brooches) and sometimes, with the larger examples of the type, with the foot of the brooch extending up to ear height (Hattatt 1987, 37, fig.14g). Hattatt notes that only one example of this type from Britain is recorded in Hull's unpublished 'corpus' of brooches, suggesting that Flugelfibel are unusual finds for Roman Britain. The author is not aware of any other British examples. One of the intriguing, but unanswerable, questions concerning this brooch is whether it was imported into the Chepstow area before or after the Roman Conquest.

Copper alloy Dolphin type brooch of plain and simple form. In profile it has the typical bow shape of a Dolphin brooch with a chunky bow humped at the head and tapering towards its foot. The plain wings are distorted but the semi-circular recess on their reverse, which accommodated the spring mechanism, is still visible. Part of the rearward facing hook on the head of the brooch survives; however, most of the catchplate and the spring and pin mechanism are missing. The surface of the brooch is pitted. Probably dates to the second half of the first century AD. For parallels cf. Hattatt 1985, 73, nos.350-351, fig.30. Length 32.5mm.

Fragment of a flat, equal-ended type of plate brooch consisting of a symmetrically arranged, lozenge-shaped plate and one moulded terminal of 'acorn' form. The lozenge-shaped plate is divided into five separate panels; that is a wide central rib, flanked on either side by a narrow strip, which is in turn flanked by a triangular panel. Presumably these five panels originally contained enamel, none of which now survives. Part of a small catch-plate remains on the reverse of the terminal. Surviving length 25.5mm, width of lozenge-shaped plate 22mm, weight 3.0grams. Probably second century AD. For a discussion of the equal-ended type of plate brooch cf. Hattatt 1987, 202-210, figs.64-65; Hattatt 1989, 138-147, figs. 65-68A.

The upper part of a copper alloy, T-shaped bow brooch of the Lower Severn sub-type (Hull's type 109) consisting of the upper part of a tapering bow, one short and undecorated cylindrical wing, a hinged pin mechanism and the lower part of an integrally cast chain loop with a relatively small perforation. In profile the upper bow turns down at a sharp angle. The upper bow is decorated with a near rectangular panel divided into a series of moulded lozenge-shaped cells which would originally have contained enamel. Part of a crude acanthus moulding which divided the surviving part of the bow from the missing lower half remains extant. The lower half of the bow, pin and upper part of the chain loop are missing. Surviving length 26.5mm, surviving width of head 17mm, estimated original width of head 22mm, weight 3.0 grams. For an unprovenanced parallel cf. Hattatt 1985, 89, no.387, fig.37. Mid first to second century AD.

Hinged, copper alloy T-shaped bow brooch, possibly an example of a Lower Severn sub-type (Hull's type 104). The brooch has wide tubular rings which taper towards their ends. The wings are decorated with transverse and diagonal grooves as well as a waisted moulding towards their ends and a terminal moulding embellished with transverse incised lines. The wings accommodate a pivot for the hinged pin mechanism. Flat, comma-like mouldings or "appendages" are present either side of the bow adjacent to the wings. The bow, which is widest at the head and tapers to a point, forms one continuous curve in profile, rising high from the wings in a fashion reminiscent of Dolphin type brooches. The inside curve of the bow is stepped to the top of the catch-plate. The bow is decorated with a central longitudinal groove, which is flanked on either side by an additional longitudinal groove. Part of the catchplate and most of the pin are missing. Length 44.5mm, width of head 37mm, weight 15.3 grams. Probably early second century AD (R. Brewer pers. comm)

Fragment of a bow brooch consisting of the lower part of a flat narrow tapering bow, slightly curved in profile, embellished with a shallow channel adjacent to each edge. Part of small catch-plate survives. Surviving length 36mm, surviving maximum width 6.5mm, weight 1.5 grams. The simple form of the flat bow and small catch-plate suggest that this was probably part of a Strip Bow brooch. Strip Bow brooches are a British hinged type, derived from the Aucissa and Hod Hill types, which date to the mid first century AD (Hattatt 1985, 68). Most examples of the type are manufactured from copper alloy although some iron examples do occur. They are typified by bows of flat section, varying in profile from almost straight to highly arched in one continuous curve, with a plain foot and catch-plates which are no more than a quarter of the bow in length (Hattatt 1985, 68). Most copper alloy examples are decorated with simple tooling along the length of the bow. They are a localised southern British type which are concentrated in the Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset and southern Gloucestershire region (Hattatt 1985, 68). This example apparently forms a notable outlier of the type.

NMGW-FE7C72: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester type, one-piece, dating to the 1st century AD, probably of the mid-1st century (Hattatt 1989). The bow is of plain gently tapering circular cross-section. There are remnants of slight wings at the head of a forward curving overhead chord-hook. The pin and spring emerged from beneath the chord and are now missing apart from the stub of the spring. All features are integral to the brooch.

NMGW-4B6573: BROOCH
Leaded copper alloy cast saucer brooch from the Early Anglo Saxon period. The brooch is circular with an angled rim defining the saucer profile. The decoration is confined to the flat plate and consists of a central device of a geometric four-pointed floral design, the interior of each petal is divided along its length. Six raised concentric circles enclose the central design. The third, fourth and fifth circles (from the centre) are interrupted by two opposing scroll based designs, likely to be stylised zoomorphs. The simpler C-like design may represent a snake, while the more elaborate motif is likely to represent stylised beasts which are difficult to discern. The reverse has the remnants of the catch plate and pin housing, but both have eroded. An area of the rim has been lost, elsewhere the brooch is in good condition. Quatrefoil flower-like designs are found in the centre of other saucer brooches, e.g. the pair from Market Overton (Dickinson 1993, fig. 27).

NMGW-D8FB76: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular brooch of 13th or 14th century date The brooch is near-complete, missing the pin and settings. The frame is circular with an external diameter of 47.3mm (30.3mm internal). The brooch frame comprises a plain outer bevelled edge, leading to the central ring with eight raised collets. The collets are irregular and oval (up to 8.7mm by 6.2mm) and give the brooch a maximum thickness of 7.34mm. All but one of the collets contains a white calcium deposit. Between each collet, the frame is decorated with five rows of punched ring-and-dot decoration. There is some evidence of faceting of the surface in a perpendicular or diagonal direction to the edge of the frame. The inner edge of the frame is enhanced with small circular depressions. It is unlikely that the depressions were intended to hold stone or enamel settings. The frame has a rectangular recess, between which the pin swivelled on a narrow integral bar. The rear of the brooch is plain and is bevelled on the inner edge. The copper alloy has a dark green patina with good surface preservation.

NMGW-DA5116: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 2.b2, sprung pin, flat wing ends type) and of 1st century AD date. The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring and leg, with a surviving length of 26.38mm and weighs 9.1g. The spring was secured with a Polden Hill type arrangement and the chord was tensioned by a lug on the head. The wings have a width of 28.82mm. The fronts of the wings were decorated with mouldings, which are now largely eroded. The bow has a width at the head of 8.72mm and has a curved moulding against the head. The bow is of D-shaped section with straight sides converging towards the break. The brooch has poor surface preservation with a dark green patina and.

NMGW-DA5BD7: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of uncertain type. The brooch is fragmentary and is represented by the head and upper bow only, with a surviving length of 17.12mm and weighs 3.g. The brooch employed a copper alloy spring mechanism, probably secured by a Polden Hill type arrangement. The wings are eroded and have a surviving width of 17.99mm. The bow has a width at the head of 8.07mm and is of oval section. No decoration survives on the poorly-preserved surface of the brooch which has recently been coated in a wax.

NMGW-FF0EE5: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy penannular brooch of Type G and of 5th to 6th century date The brooch is incomplete, missing one terminal and the pin, and has a surviving weight of 3.0g. The brooch is slightly oval with a width of 20.7mm and a height of 18.4mm. The frame is of circular section and has a diameter of between 2.9 and 3.4mm. The terminal is cuboid (6.4mm long, 6.1mm high and 3.8mm thick) with faceted sides, now rounded through water-rolling. There is the suggestion of an incised saltire cross surviving on one face of the terminal. The surface of the brooch has been lost and the copper alloy has a pale green patina. Areas of brown staining on the frame may be the result of iron corrosion, possibly from the pin. The brooch is of Fowler’s (1963, p 98-160) Type G, Fowler outlines the problems in dating brooches of this type and suggests a wide date range from the 4th century through to the 8th century (ibid, p 107-9), although this example is likely to date to the 5th or 6th century.

NMGW-F1E8A3: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, probably of Polden Hill Type and dating to the late 1st - early 2nd century AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin, one wing and the catch plate. The brooch has a length of 58.40mm. The surviving wing suggests that the brooch employed a spring mechanism with a Polden Hill type arrangement. The brooch currently has a width across the wing of 15.29mm, but would have been approximately 21.5mm. The wing is decorated with vertical grooves. The upper bow is of sub-square section with a rounded upper face. The sides of the bow are straight and converge towards the pointed foot. Decoration survives on the upper bow only and comprises two linear grooves running parallel to the sides. The surface of the brooch has poor surface preservation, but has a deep green patina where it survives. The brooch weighs 10.3g.

NMGW-FBEE95: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Polden Hill, (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 3, flat wing cap) type and dating to the late 1st to 2nd century AD The brooch is incomplete and is represented by the head only, with a surviving length of 15.94mm and weighing 3.7g. The spring mechanism was help with a Polden Hill lug type arrangement. Iron corrosion around the interior of the wings suggest the brooch had an iron axis bar.The wings are comparatively short with a width of 17.92mm and are angled to the rear. The tips of the wings are enhanced with a single vertical groove. The lug at the head develops into a prominent rib along the bow and gives the bow aT-shaped section. The rib is decorated with two incised vertical and parallel lines. The sides of the bow are straight and converge slightly, with a maximum width near the head of 7.27mm. The surface of the brooch has a mid green patina. The design of the bow with a prominent wide rib may be seen as unusual for Polden Hill brooches and appears to reflect T-shaped forms.

NMGW-D8B956: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy T-shaped brooch of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin and leg and has a surviving length of 24.82mm and weighs 5.3g. The brooch employed a hinge mechanism, secured around a copper alloy axis bar set within tubular wings. The wings have a width of 27.77mm and are decorated with a pair of vertical grooves near the terminals. The bow has a width of 14.84mm at the head and is convex across its width and is hollow on the rear. The sides are straight and converge towards the leg. The edges of the bow have a raised border or flange. The bow is decorated with cast ornament comprising two arcing ribs at the head, above two discreet raised lozenge shaped pellets containing an incised hatched motif. The bow appears to have broken across a third smaller discreet lozenge. The bow has a width of 4.5mm at the break. The brooch has dark green where the original surface survives.

NMGW-F8DC41: BROOCH
A small fragment of a gilt copper alloy brooch, probably of Early Medieval date, probably Anglo Saxon. Unfortunately not enough of the brooch survives to determine the type or date, the brooch is represented by a head fragment only. The rear of the brooch has twin lugs 8mm apart. The front carries incised decoration. Three concentric circles were positioned around a central aperture. Above the engraved circles are two facing arcs, which have a linear incised line at the apex. Gilding survives inside the engraved lines. All edges apart from an arc for the central opening are broken. The fragment measures 23mm in length and 29.1mm in width. It is 1.9mm thick and 4.7mm deep. The brooch fragment weighs 2.7 grams.

NMGW-C6DE36: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch fragment of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Western Group), cf. Mackreth 2011, 5.b.1. Dating to the late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The brooch is represented by the head and spring only, and has a surviving height of 23.0mm. The spring mechanism is broken but remains in place. The spring was secured by a Polden Hill type lug arrangement. The wings are 31.7mm wide and are decorated with vertical incised lines. The bow has a D-shaped section with converging sides. There is no decoration now evident on the surface. The brooch fragment weighs 13.7g.

NMGW-C71790: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch fragment of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Western Group), cf. Mackreth 2011, 5.d.1. Plate 50. The brooch is represented by the head only, and has a surviving height of 21.9mm. The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured by a Polden Hill lug type arrangement. The wings are 25.9mm wide and are decorated with vertical bands containing a knurled column. The bow has a D-shaped section with converging sides. There is no decoration now evident on the surface. The brooch fragment weighs 7.3g

NMGW-C7A5E1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch fragment of Colchester derivative Polden Hill type (flat wing ends type, West Midlands) dating to the late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The brooch is represented by the head only, and has a surviving height of 22.1mm. The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured by a Polden Hill type claw arrangement. The wings are 21.3mm wide and are not decorated. The bow is of oval section with a rib at the rear. The sides are slightly converging. There is moulded decoration at the head defining a 'V'. The brooch fragment has traces of silvering or tinning and weighs 8.3g

NMGW-C7BA97: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 4.b-4c, Plate 46 and dating to the late 1st -early 2nd century AD. The brooch is represented by the head only, and has a surviving height of 24.8mm and weighs 6.7g. The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The wings are 23.2mm wide and are undecorated. The bow has a D-shaped section with converging sides. There is the suggestion of a V shaped moulding at the head. The brooch fragment is eroded and has lost a nick out of the surface.

NMGW-DC6745: BROOCH
Head fragment from a Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 3. Plate 46, pg. 71, no. 1854. Manufactured middle Severn Valley. Likely to date to the 1st century AD. The brooch is represented by the head only and has a surviving height of 7.8mm. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, probably secured with a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The wings have a surviving width of 21.7mm and were decorated with vertical grooves. Further vertical, converging grooves are evident on the head. The bow was likely to have had a sub-rectangular section. The brooch fragment weighs 2.9g.

NMGW-EFAFA3: BROOCH
Copper alloy bow brooch of Middle Iron Age date, of La Téne I and Hull’s Type 1A and dating from c. 400 – 300BC. The brooch is near complete, missing only c. 30mm from the end of the pin. The brooch has a wide spring with an external diameter of between 18.5 and 19.0mm. The spring has an external chord made with wire of 2.2mm diameter and loops twice either side of the bow. The bow is curved and is of near circular (with a flat back) section and has a diameter of 6.9mm. The bow is decorated with ribbed decoration on each side and has a central panel with fine incised decoration comprising two vertical lines containing parallel diagonal marks. The incised decoration is worn on the middle (highest point) of the bow. The foot is U-shaped and extends to nearly meet the bow at the terminal. The foot has a D-shaped section with the catch-plate to one side. The foot ends with three incised horizontal lines before the circular terminal of 7mm diameter. The terminal is decorated with a central punched dot within an incised circle. The brooch has a brown patina which has flaked away over much of the spring and areas on the bow and foot. The brooch weighs 20.1g.

NMGW-F14B75: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.c variant, flat wing ends type, Western Group)Polden Hill variant form and of 1st century AD date. The brooch is distorted and is incomplete, missing the spring and pin. The brooch has a distorted height of 58.2mm. The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured by a Polden Hill lug type mechanism. The wings are 19.0mm wide with no decoration. The upper bow is unusual for a brooch of this type. The bow is flat (2.2mm thick) with near parallel (slightly converging) sides. The lug to secure the chord continues along the bow as a low rib and is flanked on each side with two parallel ribs. The leg has no decoration and is of square section with converging sides to the plain foot. The brooch weighs 6.9g. The fluted bow is reminiscent of the bow of T-shaped brooches of Dorset and allied types.

NMGW-2E5181: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 1.d). The brooch is represented by one of the wings and the head only and has a surviving height of 23.4mm. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, probably secured by a Polden Hill arrangement. The wings have a surviving width of 24.2mm with an approximate original width of 34mm, the wings may have had moulded decoration. The head has a 'dolphin' profile and the bow was of oval section. No decoration is now evident on the bow. The brooch fragment weighs 5.3g.

NMGW-2EC181: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Part 3, Group 4.a-b, flat wing ends type)Polden Hill Type, dating to the late 1st-mid. 2nd century AD. The brooch is represented by one of the wings and the head only and has a surviving height of 24.5mm. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The wings have a surviving width of 20.2mm with an approximate original width of 22mm. The head has a 'dolphin' profile and the bow was of D-shaped section. No decoration is now evident on the bow or wings. The brooch fragment weighs 7.4g.

NMGW-8CD3A3: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Transitional Type 3.e, flat wing ends), dating to the late 1st-late 2nd century AD. The brooch is incomplete missing the spring gear, catches plate and foot and has a surviving height of 29.7mm. The spring was secured with a Polden Hill type arrangement, and the chord was likely to have been held in a now missing claw. The wings are comparatively short with a width of 17.8mm. The bow has a 'dolphin' profile and is of D-shaped section (3.6mm thick). The bow width at the head is 9.7mm and has a curving moulding on each side. The bow is decorated with two central vertical grooves, which define a central rib. The sides of the bow are straight and converge towards the foot. The brooch fragment weighs 5.4g and has mid green patina.

NMGW-B387F6: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 2. Transtional type 2/3, flat wing ends), late 1st-mid 2nd century AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring gear and catch plate and has a surviving height of 48.1mm. The brooch is of Polden Hill derivative form. The wings are long, with a surviving width of 38.5mm and a surviving maximum height of 9.5mm. The wings are open at the rear and there is no obvious means of securing the spring, presumably the axis was held by the ends of the wings (Polden Hill arrangement). There is no lug or claw surviving above the head to secure the chord, which was likely to have been positioned above the bow on the top of the wings. The fronts of the wings are decorated with pairs of vertical incised lines, between which is a hatched decoration. The bow has an oval profile with a maximum width at the head of 7mm and a maximum thickness of 3mm. The bow was decorated with a central undulating line with a vertical groove either side. The sides of the bow are straight and converge towards a pointed foot. The remnants of the catch plate suggest that it was decorated with triangular opening. The brooch weighs 6.8g.

NMGW-48BB53: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Iron Age to Roman copper-alloy Langton Down brooch, dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch comprises the head, upper bow, spring and pin and has a surviving height of 18.6mm. The spring was secured by open-ended cylindrical wings, which were wrapped around the spring. The wings have a surviving length of 18.5mm and are decorated with two vertical grooves near the ends. The bow is right-angled to the head and it carries reeded decoration. The sides converge slightly at the head before being parallel sided at 7.5mm wide. The brooch was silvered or tinned and weighs 4.2g. The brooch is typical of Class B and can be paralleled with Hattatt’s (1982, p 81; 1985, p36-37) numbers 39, 269.

NMGW-48DF14: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Part 3, Group 4, flat wing ends type) dating to the late 1st -mid-3rd century AD. The brooch is incomplete and is badly distorted with a damaged height of 42.4mm and depth of 25.2mm. The brooch is missing the one of the wings and the spring gear. The spring was secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The wings would have been comparatively short at approximately 22mm (surviving width 14.5mm). The wings carried vertical mouldings against the head and at the ends. The bow is of triangular section with converging sides to the pointed foot. No decoration survives on the bow. The catch-plate is eroded and arcs from the mid bow. The brooch weighs 11.0g.

NMGW-DB53A4: BROOCH
Late Roman copper alloy crossbow brooch and dating to the 4th century AD and probably of Keller's type 4A (c. AD 350-380). The brooch is complete (except for the end of the pin) and is 57.5mm tall. The brooch has a hinge mechanism, with the axis secured within the cross-piece. The cross-piece is 32.0mm wide and has 'onion' terminals with basal mouldings. The head is decorated with a central knop which is riveted through the head. The cross-piece is of rectangular section with a rounded rear side. The front of the cross piece gradually thickens towards the bow and is decorated on the front with a single vertical moulding on each side. The bow is semicircular and rises to a depth of 18.5mm. The bow is of triangular section with a flat upper surface decorated with a recessed groove. The base of the bow has a simple collar moulding. The bow is the same length as the foot at 24mm. The foot tapers gradually (from 5.9-9.0mm) and is decorated with two columns of six dot-and-circle motifs separated by a double incised line. The brooch weighs 15.9g.

NMGW-454276: BROOCH
Foot fragment from a Late Iron Age to Roman brooch, probably of Birdlip type. The fragment represents only the lower bow, foot and catch-plate and is 26.9mm high. The brooch is of an unusual construction, and appears to be made of sheet copper alloy, having a maximum thickness of only 1.4mm. The foot has a small projecting knob and the bow had two projecting rounded knops, the lower of which is larger with a depth of 6.0mm. No other decoration is evident on the fragment. The upper bow is curving before the break and presumably would have been approaching the head. The fragment weighs 1.0g.

NMGW-597A02: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.b4, flat wing ends type, Western Group) dating to 80-120 AD. The brooch is incomplete and is missing the spring gear and the foot, with a surviving height of 25.5mm. The spring was secured by a Polden Hill lug type arrangement. The wings are 23.5mm wide and are decorated with an incised vertical line near the ends and a double incised vertical line near the mid section of the wings. The sides of the head have a curved moulding. The lug at the head develops into a low rib which becomes beaded along the upper bow. The upper bow has a D-shaped section. The brooch fragment weighs 7.0g.

NMGW-5B04F6: BROOCH
Late Iron Age to Roman Nauheim-derivative brooch dating from the 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete and is missing the spring. The catch-plate is eroded and distorted. The brooch has a current height of 46.4mm. The bow thins at the head and is upturned before the break. The wire would have coiled to form the spring and pin. The bow is of rounded D-shaped section and has a ‘dolphin’ profile. The sides of the bow taper to form a pointed foot. The bow has a maximum width at the head of 4.1mm and a maximum thickness here of 3.1mm. The catch-plate arcs from the leg and has a small piercing near the foot of 1mm diameter. Only a little of the original surface survives near the head and possibly carries the remnants of punched decoration, although this may be pitting of the bronze. The brooch weighs 3.0g.

NMGW-5B1487: BROOCH
Near complete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 5, Group 2.a2. vertical strips of enamel, lenticular elements below). Lower Severn Valley. Probably dating to the late 1st or 2nd Century AD. The brooch is missing the pin and a little of the catch-plate. The brooch is 53.0mm high. The spring was secured by means of a Polden Hill claw type mechanism with an iron axis bar. A protruding piece of copper alloy wire indicates that the spring broke and a new pin was inserted to repair the brooch. The wings are short at 15.5mm and are plain except for the expanded terminals. The bow is unusual for a Polden Hill for two principal reasons; the upper bow is rectangular (24.4 x 6.6mm) and contained two vertical enamelled cells possibly originally decorated with alternating squares of different coloured enamels similar to Wroxeter Type brooches. Also the bow appears more angled than the continuous curve of the 'dolphin' profile usually represented on Polden Type brooches. At the top and bottom of the rectangular panel are two pairs of lentoid mouldings or leaves. The leg has a central raised rib and a rib at each side. The foot is defined by a globular knob. The catch-plate takes a shallow angle from the rear of the top of the leg and is linear. The brooch weighs 10.1g. The brooch may be best paralleled with an example recorded by Hattatt (1987, p 99-101, No 905) and an example excavated on Nor'nour, Scilly (Hull, 1967; p31-32, No 11). The example recorded by Hattatt has a similar enamelled arrangement on the upper bow and flat panel on the head, but has a more continuous curve of the bow than this example. Hattatt's example is also missing the globular foot and lentoid mouldings. The example from Nor'nour is clearly part of a collection of similar T-shaped brooches, but differs by employing a spring (with a lug) type mechanism. The Nor'nour example has a similar angular bow profile and is decorated with two green enamelled panels. Beneath the panels are similar leaf mouldings.

NMGW-973022: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth Group 4.b., flat wing ends type)Polden Hill Type, dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch is near complete, missing only the end of the pin, but is distorted on the bow and has a current height of 53.2mm. The spring is secured in a Polden Hill arrangement, with a claw to anchor the chord. The axis bar is of copper alloy and is visible at both wing terminals. The wing terminals are angled inwards and are decorated with incised marks along the edge and have a diameter of 7 - 8mm. The wings are comparatively short at 20.9mm. The sides of the head are decorated with a low circular moulding. The upper bow has a D-shaped section and has straight sides, which gradually converge towards the foot. The foot is globular. The catch-plate begins at a rib at the rear of the bow. The brooch weighs 11.1g and has deep brown patina except at the point of the recent damage on the bow.

NMGW-975B51: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Part 3, Group 4.j, flat wing ends type)uncertain type, possibly a Polden Hill variant, dating to the 2nd-late 3rd century AD. The brooch is incomplete and is represented by the head with spring and upper bow, and has a surviving height of 21.1mm. The spring is secured by a Polden Hill type arrangement, with the chord held by a rearward claw. The wings are undecorated and are short at 14.8mm and only allowed for five coils in the spring. The wing terminals are oval (6.4 x 5.6mm) and are angled towards the rear. The head is slightly convex at the top and is deep at 12.6mm, with the bow emerging at a right angle. The bow is of flat section (2.4mm thick) with parallel sides (6mm wide). The sides of the upper bow carry heavy ribbed decoration. The centre of the bow has a linear vertical recess, which has been cut deeper at the sides to form an inverted 'V'. The brooch has an uneven pale green to black patina and weighs 5.0g.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.a2, flat wing ends type, Western Group)uncertain type, possibly a Polden Hill variant, probably dating to the 1st-mid 2nd century AD. The brooch is incomplete and is represented by the head and upper bow only, with a surviving height of 21.2mm. The spring was secured by a Polden Hill type arrangement. The chord was held in a perforated lug at the head. The wings are angled to the rear and are 20.5mm wide. No decoration is evident on the wings. The perforated lug at the head forms a weakening rib on the bow. The upper bow is straight, of flat section (2mm thick) and has straight converging sides. The sides of the bow appear slightly raised. No other decoration is evident on the bow. The brooch fragment has a mid to dark green patina and weighs 5.1g.

NMGW-9793F8: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5,a4, flat wing ends type, Western Group, Lower Severn Valley). and dating to the 1st century AD. Near complete brooch with good surface preservation, the brooch is missing half of the spring and the pin and has a height of 64.0mm. The spring was secured with a Polden Hill type arrangement and the chord was anchored by perforated lug, which protrudes to the rear. The wings are 30.5mm wide and are decorated with two parallel vertical lines on the mid point of the wings. One side has a further pair of lines at the terminal, while the other side has only a single line only. The lines have been enhanced by punched marks. The sides of the head are decorated with curved low mouldings against the wings (the head has a width of 8.5mm). The mouldings have also been enhanced with punched marks. The perforated lug at the head becomes a V-shaped moulding, which weakens as it approaches the bow. The bow has a 'Dolphin' profile and is of oval section with straight sides, converging to a simple pointed foot. There is no decoration on the bow. The catch-plate begins as a rib and sweeps down in a curve to the catch. The rear of the catch is decorated with two pairs of parallel diagonal incised lines. The catch-plate has an openwork motif, comprising two opposing triangles with a stepped base. One side of the catch-plate (the side without the catch) has incised lines as a border around the edges. The brooch has a deep brown patina and weighs 14.4g.

NMGW-3D4C12: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Transitional Type, Group 2.b2, flat wing ends, Plate 45) Manufactured Lower Severn Valley, dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete and is represented by the head and upper bow only and has a surviving height of 26.4mm. The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured by a Polden Hill type arrangement. The chord was probably anchored by a perforated lug on the head, now eroded and represented by a groove. The wings have a width of 23.0mm and are decorated with vertical ribs. The head is comparatively deep at 10.8mm. The bow is of sub-triangular section with straight sides. The sides and top of the bow converge to the eroded break point. The brooch has a pale green patina and has lost the original surface and any decoration which may have been on the bow. The brooch fragment weighs 6.7g.

NMGW-EF5D55: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), Mackreth 2011, 4.a-b. Plate 46. The brooch is incomplete, is missing the leg and pin and has a surviving height of 33.1mm. The brooch has a spring mechanism secured with a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The spring is wound around an iron axis bar. The wings have a width of 28.2mm and carry no discernible decoration apart from expanded terminals. The bow emerges from the head with the characteristic 'dolphin' profile and has a depth of 22.3mm. The sides of the head carry circular moulding and the head has a width of 12.6mm. The upper bow is of D-shaped section and the beginning of the catch plate is evident as a rib above the break. No other decoration is now evident on the bow. The brooch weighs 20.1g. The brooch has patches of both pale and dark green and has been treated with an applied coating.

NMGW-E0DC47: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.a4, flat wing ends type, Western Group) dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch is near complete and is missing the spring and foot and has a surviving height of 51.8mm. The missing spring was secured with a Polden Hill arrangement and the chord was tensioned with a lug at the head. The wings have a width of 29.2mm and are decorated with vertical moulded ornament. The head has a width of 7.6mm and has moulded decoration on each side. The lug on the head develops into a V-shaped moulding. The upper bow has a 'dolphin' profile and is of sub-square section with straight sides which converge towards the foot. The remnant of the catch plate indicates that it contained a triangular opening. The brooch has some surface preservation with a mid green patina and weighs 12.5g.

NMGW-1CC925: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment of Polden Hill variant type and dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete and is represented by the head only and has a surviving height of 18.80mm. The wings are short with a width of 16.88mm. The missing spring was secured with an open Polden Hill type arrangement and the chord was anchored with a lug on the head. The upper bow is flat with a central fin (7mm long, 1.83mm wide and 1.73mm tall) beneath the head and aligned with the chord lug. The bow's width appeared to have been steeped near the head. The bow was decorated with grooves flanking the central fin. The character of the bow is more similar to T-shaped types than Polden Hill. The brooch has a pale green patina and weighs 3.0g.

NMGW-174E11: BROOCH
Fine Medieval cast open frame brooch, probably dating to the 13th – 14th century. The brooch frame is composed of an eight-pointed star, each sub-triangular component of which has two perforations. Between each segment is a raised circular collet containing a now white chalky substance. The settings have been analysed using a scanning electron microscope, indicating they are composed of calcium carbonate (M. Davies, pers. comm.). The settings originally would have been domed and the analysis implies that the collets were probably inset with mother of pearl or similar. The pin is of D-shaped cross section and utilises one of the interior ring of holes, which has been widened to accommodate the pin. There is no obvious pin constriction on the opposite side of the frame. The pin has broken along the shaft near the loop. File marks are visible on the face of the brooch. A number of the points on the frame are damaged. The rear of the brooch is flat.

NMGW-6DCF33: BROOCH
Head and upper bow of a copper-alloy Roman Headstud brooch, probably from the 2nd century AD. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, but the spring is now missing. Near the top of the bow is a roughly circular perforation through the bow. This hole is unlikely to have been a setting for a missing stone, and may suggest the brooch is a two piece Headstud brooch, now missing the head-stud. Very little of the original surface survives. There is a suggestion of vertical mouldings on the arms, either side of the bow. There is no surviving evidence for mouldings on the bow or a chord on the head. Outside the mouldings on the head there appear to be small circular recesses possibly intended as cells to contain enamel. At the apex of the head is a small protrusion, which may be the remnants of the catch for the spring or possibly a chain loop.

Head and upper bow of a Roman copper-alloy Dolphin brooch. As is common with brooches of this type the spring is missing, but was originally attached by the chord the spring to a rearward hook in the centre of the head. Much of the original surface is lost but some traces of vertical ridge decoration survives on both arms and the bow. A raised V-shape extends over the head from the rearward hook and a ridged line appears to have run down each side of the bow.

NMGW-82C370: BROOCH
A copper-alloy plate brooch, possibly of Roman date. The brooch is oval in shape with an oval recess, probably for a conical glass setting. The brooch is gilded and carries two zones of decoration divided by a raised rib. The outer area is decorated with S-shaped scrolls and the inner area with lozenges between chevrons. The back of the brooch is flat and has a damaged perforated plate to house the spring and a catch plate, which has been bent against the back. Much of the surface has eroded, but the gilding survives comparatively well.

NMGW-44EAC7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy bow brooch of uncertain type. This would appear to be the bow from a brooch which has been constructed to fit together in two parts. The head does not appear to be broken, but has two grooves, possibly to accommodate the wings and spring or hinge mechanism. The bow is slender and has been carefully decorated with a single column of raised square dots within a linear border. The cross section of the bow varies from flat at the foot to tear-shaped above the catch plate to sub square near the head. The catch plate is damaged but would have carried a comparatively intricate openwork design.

NMGW-3C71E4: BROOCH
A copper alloy hinged Headstud brooch. There is a circular boss at the junction of the bow and head, which is decorated with a lightly raised centre. The bow has a central spine, notched either side and grooved at the edges, and there are two transverse mouldings above the foot. The foot is slightly splayed and has a band of moulding and a flat circular base. The headloop is cast in one with the brooch. The pin is missing, but otherwise the brooch is complete.

NMGW-536DA0: BROOCH
Fragment from a gilt reversible annular open frame brooch of Late Medieval date, probably 15th or 16th century. The fragment is decorated on both faces. One face contained a legend with the letters G R surviving. The letters are contained within an incised border and separated by hatching. It is possible the legend may have read ‘AVEMARIAGRACIA’. The decoration on the other face is zoned, with one portion displaying a chevron design inside an incised border. The fragment does not have evidence for the pin bar or stops.

NMGW-E72766: BROOCH
Gilt copper alloy brooch of Medieval date, probably dating from the 14th century. Reversible brooch with a lozenge shaped frame, decorated on both faces. One face (raised) is decorated with two beaded lines separated by a raised line. The other face (flat) is decorated with a series of sixteen square cells (five along each side). The cells alternate between being plain and containing a quatrefoil or cross design. The frame is wasted at one corner where the pin is secured. The pin head is long to accommodate the frame, and has a square profile. The pin head is presumably of composite construction and soldered at the meeting points. The pin has a collar with a series of notches along its edge. The pin beyond this point has a rounded profile. Remnants of the gilding survive in patches over both faces.

NMGW-634BE2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4.c, flat wing ends), probably of late 1st - early 2nd century AD date. The bow is of dolphinâte profile, but also has a spring mechanism of Polden Hill type (Hattatt 1987, p6), probably originally with a small protruding claw at the back of the head of the brooch to secure the chord. The axis bar is still present and is made of copper alloy. The wings are plain except for a vertical groove at each end. The sides of the bow at the head have a low rounded moulding. The bow is of D-shaped cross section and has a vertical moulded groove, opening to a V-shape at the head. The catch-plate is complete, and meets the end of the bow in a rounded knobbed foot. The pin is broken.

NMGW-68BCB1: BROOCH
Comparatively small incomplete Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 3, flat wing ends). The brooch had a spring mechanism, which is now missing, and was of the ˜Polden Hill lug type (Hattatt 1987, p6), with a small protruding perforated lug at the head of the brooch to secure the chord. The wings are decorated with pairs of incised lines, both at the ends and diagonally across the wings. The bow is of sub-square cross section with a central crudely decorated rib or crest coming off the perforated lug. The foot and catch-plate are missing. Probably 75-250 AD date.

NMGW-A513C4: BROOCH
Head of a copper alloy trumpet brooch. The chain-ring is missing but appears to be of solid type: cast in one with the body. Socket in the back of the head to house the spring mechanism, now missing. Later first or mid second century AD.

NMGW-FBD648: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Wirral Type and dating to circa 100-200AD. The brooch is near complete with only the pin missing. The brooch utilised a hinge mechanism, with semi-tubular hinge type. The bow is of a typical profile for the type with a deep upper bow and gentler, concave lower bow. Above the head is a rounded moulding beneath a rectangular panel decorated with vertical incised lines, and crowned with an integral chain loop. The upper bow is flat at the front with a rounded reverse. It is decorated with three rectangular cells, which would have contained enamel squares alternating in colour. Beneath the (ounce) enamelled panel is a raised rounded pellet above a crescent shaped recess, which may also have contained enamel. The lower bow is of sub-triangular cross section and is plain. The foot knob is prominent and rounded. The catch stops slightly short of the foot.

NMGW-8D3F02: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4.f. flat wing ends type), dating from 250-420 AD. The brooch is near complete, missing only the pin and the corroded catch-plate. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, secured by a Polden Hill claw type device. The pin appears to have broken in antiquity and was repaired by crudely wrapping a piece of copper alloy wire around the axis bar. The short wings have expanded ends and the copper alloy axis bar protrudes from the end of one of the wings. The bow is more straight than ‘dolphin’ bows and is decorated with raised mouldings consisting of a vertical central rib containing punched dots and with side mouldings at the centre and ends. The upper bow has a D-shaped section while the lower bow is sub-triangular and terminates in a globular foot.

NMGW-A5ABB6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 5, Group 2.a2, sprung pin, enamelled panel on upper bow, flat wing ends type). Also sharing characteristics of T-shaped and Wroxeter Types and probably dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch is near complete, missing only the spring and pin. The spring was secured by means of a Polden Hill claw type mechanism and iron axis bar. The wings are plain except for expanded ends. The top of the brooch is flat with a sharp downturn, resembling some T-shaped brooches. The upper bow is of rectangular cross section and has two enamelled panels, probably containing alternating colours, similar to Wroxeter type brooches. Beneath the panels is a domed knop on each side and a raised central rib extending to the foot. The lower bow has a triangular cross section. The foot is oval and incorporates the base of the catch-plate.

NMGW-A5E486: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4, flat wing ends type). Late 1st-early 2nd century AD date. The brooch is near complete, missing only the pin and the catch-plate, but has suffered from extensive corrosion damage and distortion. The brooch has a spring mechanism, secured by a Polden Hill claw type device. The wings appear to have had moulded decoration, which is no longer discernible. The upper bow has a deep D-shaped section and is decorated with a long V-shaped moulding crowned with punched marks. Below the moulding is a circular recess to house a stone or glass setting. The foot is circular. Much of the catch-plate has corroded but may have had an openwork design.

NMGW-A5F7F2: BROOCH
Head fragment from a Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5, flat wing ends type, 5.a4. Plate 50, no. 1585, Lower Severn Valley, Western Group) and dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch has broken at the top of the bow, beneath the head. The spring mechanism is secured by means of a Polden Hill claw type device. The wings are decorated with two pairs of vertical incised lines on each side. The bow is of oval section at the break and is decorated at the head with a central rib which extends into the claw securing the chord.

NMGW-E45BB2: BROOCH
Small copper alloy Birdlip brooch (Hattatt 1987, 38; Olivier 1996, 231-2), missing its pin but otherwise complete. Disc head separated from the bow by a broad deep transverse groove. The top of the bow is decorated by two deep V-sectioned longitudinal grooves. Below this a curled wing protrudes from the front of the bow. The lower part of the bow has a raised central moulding which splays outwards at either end. The moulding is decorated by two parallel grooves add there is a groove down each edge of this part of the bow. A perforated lug projects from the middle of the back of the head; this would have held the axial bar of a spring mechanism. The catch-plate is solid. A considerably larger example from Birdlip, Gloucestershire (Green 1949, 189-90; Hattatt 1985, no.264); the head and upper bow are similar to a brooch from Frocester, Gloucestershire (Price 2000, 37 no.19).

NMGW-E4F553: BROOCH
Upper part of a copper alloy Birdlip brooch (Hattatt 1987, 38; Olivier 1996, 231-2). The bow and head meet at a right-angle, the junction decorated by two semi-circular plates, one projecting upwards, the other down. The downward plate joins to the upward curling wing to form a loop. The upper plate is decorated by a central triangular setting, the lower by a semi-circular setting, both of which contain the remains of read enamel. The head is long with a flat underside, giving it a D-shaped section. Slightly waisted it widens to incorporate tubular housing for the axial bar, which is still in place. There are traces of grooved decoration on the tubular housing. Straight sided bow of D-shaped almost triangular section. It is decorated with a median rib, finely knurled. The foot catch-plate and pin are missing. A brooch from Pope's Hill, Gloucestershire (Reynolds 2001, 177-9), provides a close parallel but with the two lower projections not meeting to form a loop. In the light of the present brooch it seems possible, indeed probable, that these two projections are in fact the broken remain of a loop. Another Birdlip brooch with a loop was found at Frocester, Gloucestershire (Price 2000, 37 no.19) but this has a completely different head form, similar to no.1 above.

NMGW-E5F794: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch fragment of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4.a-b., flat wing ends type), and dating to the late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The brooch is represented by the head and top of the bow only. The spring is missing, but was secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The surface of the brooch has been lost, and only low ridges hint at the moulded decoration that once decorated the bow.

NMGW-E61A03: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet type and dating to the late 1st or 2nd century AD. The brooch is unlikely to have held enamel, although there are deep cast decorative grooves on the lower bow. The pin is missing, but the spring is present and is made of iron, it was secured by the use of two side lugs. The chain loop has broken at the head. The head is D-shaped and has simple incised decoration. The upper bow is of sub-triangular section with curvilinear incised decoration. The button has eroded and may have been acanthus, or may have been a simpler moulding. The lower bow is decorated with two deep cast S-scrolls on each side. The foot, if present, has eroded. The remnants of the catch-plate are present, beginning at the rear of the button.

NMGW-E827B2: BROOCH
Recorded at the Hidden Treasure Finds Day at National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Near complete Roman bow brooch, of Alcester type (Trumpet derivative) and dating to the 1st -2nd century AD. The brooch is comparatively small with a slight bow. The pin and spring mechanism are still present and secured by lateral lugs with an open spring, characteristic of Trumpet-headed variants. The head is domed with the remnants of an integral chain loop. The head is decorated with two horizontal incised lines containing five small raised knops, three of which retain a silvered coating. Beneath the lower incised line are the eroded remnants of a scroll. A prominent deep forward flange divides the head and the leg of the brooch. The leg is near-parallel sided, a feature somewhat unusual for the type, which are generally wider at the foot. The surface of the leg is coarse in comparison to the upper bow and the presence of a small raised 'pin', may suggest a decorative panel was originally attached to the leg. The foot is composed of a short spike. The catch-plate is present, and begins at the rear of the flange and arcs to a small catch.

NMGW-FEB398: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch, probably of 2nd century AD date. The brooch face is flat with no lugs around the edge. The rear is also flat, with the catch-plate against one edge and the spring against the other. The catch-plate has a concave inner edge and the spring is open and secured by two and an iron axis bar. The front face is decorated with a series of raised concentric circles containing the remnants of degraded enamel. The outer edge has a raised circle, with an internal repeating scallop border. A second thin raised concentric circle defines another panel containing twenty three raised circular dots, surrounded with patches of degraded enamel. A third inner circle is defined by a wide raised border, with the central boss now missing.

NMGW-E40B71: BROOCH
Near complete Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b. Plate 46. Probably dating to the late 1st-early 2nd century AD. The brooch is comparatively small and is complete except for the missing end of the pin. The spring is secured by means of a Polden Hill claw type mechanism around a copper alloy axis bar. On both sides a moulding is present at the junction between the bow and the wings. The upper bow has the characteristic 'dolphin' form, and there is no decoration on either the wings or the bow. The bow is of D-shaped section and gradually tapers to a slight moulded foot. The catch-plate has a rounded top edge and has a single perforation near the top.

NMGW-E888D6: BROOCH
Medieval plain annular framed copper alloy brooch, probably of 13th to 15th century date. The presence of a constriction for a pin defines the frame as a brooch rather than a buckle (Egan 1991, 248). The pin has been lost, but the frame is in good condition. The frame is of near-circular section with a slight bevel on the inside edge defining a tear-shaped section. The pin restriction on the frame is narrow (1.5mm) and is 1mm in diameter.

NMGW-E91298: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Transitional Type, Group 3.e, flat wing ends, Plate 46). Manufactured Middle Severn Valley. Dating 75-200 AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing one of the wings, the spring gear, the catch-plate and foot. The spring was secured by means of a Polden Hill claw-type mechanism. The wings are plain, except for the expanded terminals and the bow thickens slightly at the junction with the wings. The bow has the 'dolphin' curved profile and has a D-shaped section. Little of the original surface survives on the bow, but it appears to have been decorated with incised lines running along the length of the bow, and diverging around the claw at the head.

NMGW-E92151: BROOCH
The upper fragment of a copper alloy Roman bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4.i1, lanceolate motif, flat wing ends type, West Midlands). Polden Hill Type and dating to the 2nd-mid-3rd century AD. The brooch is represented by the head and the incomplete spring. The spring was secured by a Polden Hill claw type mechanism with an iron axis bar. The wings are plain, except for the expanded terminals and are angled slightly to the rear of the brooch. The head widens slightly around the wings. The bow is comparatively slight, with a D-shaped section. The upper bow is decorated with moulded ornament consisting of a raised central rib, which is incorporated into the claw at the head and has tight incised diagonal markings, reminiscent of thread. Either side of the central rib are diagonal mouldings forming a zigzag. Beneath this is a lentoid moulding on each side of the rib.

NMGW-651BE0: BROOCH
Small cast Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b. Plate 46. Dating to the late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The brooch is missing the catch-plate, spring and pin. The spring was secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. There is the suggestion of some moulded decoration around the head, but elsewhere the brooch is plain. The bow has a D-shaped section and bends outwards at the foot, giving the bow an S-shaped profile. The bow has suffered some distortion at the foot, possibly resulting in an exaggeration of the S profile. Remnants of the catch-plate survive at the foot.

NMGW-7ACF21: BROOCH
Copper alloy bow brooch of La Tene III type, and of Nauheim derivative form of 1st century BC to 1st Century AD date. The brooch is incomplete, missing the foot and catch-plate and the spring has broken at the chord. The spring, typically for the type had an internal chord and would have had two coils either side of the head. The bow profile is flat and the spring erupts in a near straight line from the bow. The surviving upper bow is flat with angular shoulders and converging sides. The face is decorated with an incised side border and three horizontal incised lines. There is a central sub-rectangular panel containing slight horizontal raised lines. Beneath the three incised lines, the bow is plain, but has the suggestion of another incised horizontal above the break.

NMGW-7DE9A3: BROOCH
Copper alloy plate brooch of unusual form and uncertain date, but possibly Anglo Saxon. The brooch is complete except for the missing pin and a broken lug on the reverse (from the twin lug arrangement). The face is irregular and is shaped similar to two overlapping triangles. The catch plate is positioned at the apex of the top triangle. The top edge near the lugs has an S-shaped bend, which corresponds to a thinning of the metal. The face is decorated with raised border around the edge and a central cross. Either side of the vertical rib are thin diagonal mark, which slope upwards in the top section and downwards in the bottom.

NMGW-8D97F2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Dolphin or Polden Hill type and dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing the lower bow, the majority of the wings and the spring. The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured by either a rearward claw or a Polden Hill arrangement, since the wing terminals no longer survive it is now difficult to determine which type of arrangement was used. The head of the bow is comparatively large (12.5x14.5mm) and was decorated with a central raised V-shaped crest, possibly covered in punched marks. The bow has a D-shaped section and emerges from the head in a straight projection, as apposed to the more common curved 'dolphin' profile, and possibly lends weight to the brooch being of Polden Hill type.

NMGW-8A72F8: BROOCH
Near complete copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.k. Plate 48. The brooch is missing only the spring and is distorted along the lower bow. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The wings are relatively short (19.3mm) and are undecorated except for the expanded terminals. The head is comparatively flat with the bow emerging laterally, as opposed to the usual curved 'dolphin' profile. There are two rounded side knops on the head, with a further three knops along each side of the upper bow and flanking a rectangular panel, which is likely to have once held enamel. The upper bow has a D-shaped section. The lower bow has two parallel vertical mouldings springing from two 'leaves' beneath the rectangular panel. The foot is rounded and globular and the catch-plate is plain.

NMGW-8A8401: BROOCH
Head and upper bow fragment from a Roman brooch, probably a Dolphin variant of 1st century AD date. The brooch is likely to have employed a spring mechanism, secured in an unusual arrangement with an integral central pierced lug, possibly with a claw or lug on the head to tension the multiple-wound spring. The remnants of the copper alloy axis bar survive either side of the central lug. The wings were open and have lost their terminals making it difficult to determine if they were open-ended or had terminal lugs. The brooch fragment is heavily eroded and little of the surface detail survives. The more complete wing appears to have two vertical mouldings and the claw or lug at the head developed into a rib. The upper bow has a circular section.

NMGW-A14F81: BROOCH
Colchester brooch of Late Iron Age-early Roman date. The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin, spring and catch-plate. The spring has broken before the first coil, and extends from immediately beneath the forward-facing hook, which would have secured the external chord. The hook tapers to a point and sits on top of the head. The wings are flat and expand slightly towards their rounded ends. The bow is of trapezoidal section, and gradually tapers and arcs in a continuous curve to a plain foot. The front of the bow is decorated with three moulded ribs, the central one being wavy. It is possible that the bow carried punched decoration. The remnants of the catch-plate survive against the back of the bow and was 29mm long.

NMGW-A26065: BROOCH
Head fragment from a Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), c.f. Mackreth 2011, X.1. Plate 54, no. 13485, dating to the 2nd and 3rd century AD. The brooch is represented by the head and a section (four coils) of the spring. The brooch employed a spring mechanism secured by a Polden Hill lug type arrangement with a copper alloy axis bar. The wings are angled to the rear of the brooch and carried some moulded decoration. The head is wide and flat and is decorated with a slight raised crest, upon which sits a moulded human head, above a triangular moulding. The human head has circular indentations for the eyes and a groove representing the mouth. The nose may have been raised, but has now eroded. The rear of the bow is concave, and develops to a D-shaped section at the break.

NMGW-A284B1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of T-shaped form and dating to the 1st to 2nd century AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing the lower bow and the end of the pin. The brooch employed a hinge mechanism with tubular wings. The wings are plain and the head has moulded decoration of two raised arcs either side of a central crest, which buts up against four horizontal raised mouldings. The bow beneath the lowest moulding is plain as far as the break and is slender with a deep D-shaped section.

NMGW-A5E436: BROOCH
Head fragment from a Roman Trumpet brooch. The brooch head is comparatively large and is oval. The rear of the head has the remnants of an iron open spring secured by lateral lugs. No decoration is evident on the head excluding an eroded incised border. The remnant of a chain loop survives with a sunken panel decorated with two rows of irregularly placed punched dots.

NMGW-A5F133: BROOCH
Lower bow and foot fragment from a Roman bow brooch of indeterminate type. The lower bow has an oval section and was decorated with a raised central rib and decorated with short incised transverse lines. The bow has a gentle curve and tapers to the foot. The eroded remnants of the catch-plate are discernible on the rear of the bow. The curved profile of the fragment suggests a Colchester-derivative brooch, perhaps of Dolphin or Polden Hill type.

NMGW-A60105: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch fragment of uncertain type, but probably an Aesica-variant of the mid to late 1st century AD. The brooch is comparatively substantial for an Aesica brooch. The head, wings and pin are missing. The brooch is represented by the triangular foot below the bow which has barbed extensions at the junction with the foot. There is a high rounded and grooved raised longitudinal rib down the centre of the bow and foot. The outer edges are thicker and have border mouldings. The catch plate is intact at the base of the back.

Head fragment from a copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative,Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, phase 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), c.f. Mackreth 2011, 5.b4, Plate 50. Late 1st-mid 2nd century AD. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, which was secured by a Polden Hill lug type arrangement. The spring is present and has three coils either side of the centre. The wings have an oval section, with expanded terminals and an additional raised rib either side of the head. The top of the bow has a flat underside and is decorated with moulded ornament. The lug securing the chord descends to the bow in a diagonal between V-shaped mouldings. The sides also have moulded ribs. Beneath this the bow is slender and has an oval section.

NMGW-B77E63: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 3, flat wing ends type), c.f.Mackreth 2011, 3.e. Plate 46. 1st century AD date. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, secured by a Polden Hill arrangement, probably with a lug, although this is now damaged. The wings are plain, except for slightly expanded terminals. The bow curves gently and tapers towards the foot. The upper bow is decorated with converging ribs and has a D-shaped section. The lower bow has an oval section. The catch plate appears unusual as it splays in a fish-tail shape, although the foot is missing and the catch-plate may have contained a triangular opening. The catch does not survive on the plate.

NMGW-B78F67: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Trumpet type and dating to the 1st -2nd century AD. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, secured by a singly pierced lug, possibly with a slot above. The head is oval and plain around the bow. The upper bow is of rounded triangular section and is plain except for a rib on each corner. The upper bow is near-parallel sided and is separated from the lower bow with a V-shaped step as the bow thins, rather than utilising a button. The lower bow has tapering sides and is simply decorated with a central and side ribs. The foot is semicircular and the catch-plate is intact with an arc at the top edge.

NMGW-B79601: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy umbonate brooch of 2nd century AD date. The brooch is incomplete, with a little over half surviving. The brooch was near-circular and utilised a hinge with twin lugs placed against the edge of the reverse, and possibly originally with a terminal chain loop . The face has a recessed concentric groove near the edge before the domed central panel containing small triangular cells filled with alternating red and blue enamel. At the top of the dome is a small perforation, which presumably took a central boss. No remnants of lugs are discernible on the surviving edge.

NMGW-DEC317: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment, probably of 1st or 2nd century AD date, and possibly of Trumpet or T-shaped type. The bow is represented by the lower bow, foot and catch-plate only. The bow has broken at the top of the button, which is of acanthus form and is dished on the reverse. The lower bow is of triangular section, with the catch plate arcing from the base of the button. The foot is moulded.

NMGW-DF5163: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy enamelled disc brooch of 2nd century AD date. The brooch is circular and comparatively small with no surviving peripheral lugs, but the suggestion of a single small loop adjacent to the hinge and unusually, no corresponding loop or lug opposite. The brooch employed a hinge mechanism with twin lugs and an iron axis bar. The face of the brooch has a plain border before a recessed panel containing a motif composed of alternating enamel and glass paste cells. The enamel is a bright orange, while the glass paste is in a millefiori square motif consisting of a blue/white background enclosing an outer border in alternating black and white squares, followed by a red open square which encloses a white square at the centre. The glass paste motif only survives in one of the five panels. The orange enamel survives slightly better with traces in four of the five panels. At the centre of the face is a raised circular panel decorated with a row of punched dots in a shallow groove. There is a separate central soldered boss, with the pin discernible on the rear of the brooch. The boss has concave sides and a rounded top.

Copper alloy Roman bow brooch fragment of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4a-b, flat wing ends type) and dating to the late 1st-early 2nd century AD. The brooch is represented by the head and upper bow only. It employed a spring mechanism secured by a Polden Hill claw type mechanism. The plain wings are short and are angled slightly to the rear. There is only a small surviving remnant on one side of the head which may have been a moulding at the junction of wing and bow. The upper bow was probably of D-shaped or sub-triangular section.

NMGW-98F701: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Part 3, Group 4.l. oddment subtype, flat wing ends type). The brooch is missing the foot, but is otherwise intact. The brooch employed a spring, secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The spring has broken in antiquity, and the brooch was repaired by inserting a copper alloy pin around the axis bar. The wings are comparatively short and are plain. The upper bow is of sub-triangular section and is decorated with cast ornament. The sides of the head have a slight raised collar respecting the wings. The claw has a V-shaped moulding along the top of the bow. The sides of the bow have a raised pellet placed on a stepped raised moulding, which continues along the sides of the bow as far as the break.

NMGW-6AB025: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4, two vertical ribs, sub-group, flat wing ends type). and dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete, with only one of the wings and upper bow surviving, and has a surviving length of 26.3mm and weighs 5.3g. The missing spring was secured with a Polden Hill arrangement. The surviving wing has a length of 7mm, suggesting the original width of the wings was approximately 24mm. The top of the head is flat and square (8.5mm) and exhibits the remnants of a lug or claw to secure the chord. The head has a width of 9.80mm and has decorative curved mouldings on each side. The bow is of rectangular section (3.5mm thick) with straight converging sides and is decorated with two vertical ribs. The surface preservation on the brooch is poor, and where the surface survives, it has a brown dark patina.

NMGW-E275C6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Polden Hill type and dating to the 1st century AD. The brooch employed a spring mechanism, secured by a Polden Hill claw type arrangement. The wings are plain and slightly rearward facing. The bow has the characteristic ‘dolphin’ profile and has two low mouldings on the head around the wings. The bow is decorated with a central recessed groove, which forks around the claw at the head. Either side of the central groove are short oblique incised lines. The bow has a rounded D-shaped section. The beginnings of the catch-plate are visible above the break.

NMGW-6A45F4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy oval gilded disc brooch with intaglio of 3rd century AD date The plate brooch is near-complete, missing the pin and catch (with an overall depth of 11.1mm and a weight of 7.5g). The brooch is of oval form (30.0mm long and 22.6mm wide) and has a raised outer border (1.6mm thick), inside of which is a flat panel, slightly angled towards the centre. The panel is gilded and decorated with two rows of a repeating punched design; the outer row is of chevrons and the inner row is from a square punch containing a saltire cross. At the centre is an oval cell, defined by a raised border (19.4mm long, 13.5mm wide and 1.9mm high) which retains a glass intaglio. The intaglio (16.7mm long and 10.8mm wide) stands slightly raised of the border with sides bevelled to the face. The glass is dark red or burgundy in colour and has an anthropomorphic depiction, probably of a hunting scene with a standing figure in side profile facing left and seemingly holding a fruit-bearing tree or shrub, and probably pulling the upper part towards his face or mouth. There is the suggestion of an object suspended from the arm, between the legs and the tree, possibly some game or a here. The figure has a segmented implement on his back, from above the shoulder to below the knee, possibly a lagobolon. There is the suggestion that the figure is wearing a headdress or beret. The rear of the brooch has a single, pierced lug (8.1mm long, 1.3mm thick and 6.1mm high) at the base. The edge abutting the base is rounded while the side opposite the catch is angular. The remains of a ferrous axis bar are evident within the perforation and secure the fragmentary spring and chord, tensioned against the rear. There is a slight rib between the catch-plate and the spring lug. The catch has been lost from the sub-rectangular plate (8.2mm long, 1.3mm thick and with a surviving height of 6.7mm. The surface at the rear has been silvered or tinned. Most of the metal surface retains its gilding or white-metal coating, elsewhere traces of red-brown metal are evident where the surface is damaged. The brooch can be closely paralleled with an example recorded by Hattatt (1987, p 256, nos. 1220) , who states that the brooch is of Henig's Romano British Imitation class of gems representing a debased version of a popular 2nd century image depicted on cut gem stones in finger rings. The depiction on this glass intaglio may be seen as referencing an image similar to that recorded by Henig (1978, no 184, pp 208) from South Shields, Co. Durham of late 2nd or early 3rd century date.

NMGW-F44676: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet-derivative type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the lower part of the leg, the chain-loop and pin (with a surviving length of 41.3mm, a surviving depth of 21.0mm and a weight of 8.0g). The pin is missing but the iron spring remains in place, secured between lateral lugs (with a width of 12.7mm) around an iron axis bar. The trumpet-derivative head is D-shaped, surmounted with an integral chain-loop, now with only the platform surviving (giving the head a surviving height of 15.4mm). The head has a stepped D-shaped moulding before the bow (giving the head a depth of 9.1mm). The bow is of fluted rectangular section and with a rib on the top face (with a width and thickness below the head of 5.4mm and 5.8mm respectively). The upper bow has a deep arch and sides are straight and near parallel to the button. The button is decorated with raised lozenges flanked above and below with chevrons, defined by incised lines. Only the top of the leg is present, of sub-triangular section with straight sides, converging to the break. The rear of the bow is flat and the start of the catch-plate is evident on the rear of the leg. The surface has a green-brown patina.

NMGW-06EC71: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.i2. Plate 48. Of late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 23.6mm, a surviving depth 14.4mm and a weight of 7.6g). The brooch has a spring which remains in place, secured between lateral lugs around an iron axis bar and with the missing chord probably tensioned by a hook. The wings (with a width of 20.7mm) are semi-cylindrical, slightly angled to the rear and expanded terminals (6.5mm diameter). The sides of the bow are enhanced with stepped mouldings at the head (giving the bow a width of 10.9mm). The upper bow is of D-shaped section with straight sides gradually converging to the break (wither the bow is 5.4mm wide and 2.5mm thick). The chord-hook at the head continues along the bow as a prominent midrib. Either side of the midrib are moulded oval leaves arranged in chevrons; the leaves are enhance with central grooves. The rear of the bow is flat and has broken above the beginnings of the catch0-plate. The surface has a green-brown patina.

Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), c.f. Mackreth 2011, 5.c. Plate 50. The brooch is complete but has a distorted bow (with a distorted length of 35.0mm, a depth of 16.6mm and a weight of 9.7g). The spring remains in place secured between inward angled lateral lugs (with a width of 24.7mm) around a copper alloy axis bar and with the chord tensioned with a lug at the head. The wings are semi-cylindrical (with a diameter of 6.2mm) and decorated with vertical ribs and grooves. The top of the bow is of D-shaped section, enhanced with mouldings side mouldings (with a width at the head of 10.3mm and a thickness of 4.0mm). The sides of the bow are straight, after the mouldings and convergent to the pointed foot. The lug at the head forms a short midrib along the upper bow, flanked by a V-shaped moulding and defined by adjacent grooves. There is no surviving decoration discernible on the mid bow or leg. The catch-plate is as wide as the leg and gradually thins to the catch. The catch-plate is decorated with a circular aperture (2.7mm diameter). The rear of the bow has a prominent groove as far as the top of the catch-plate. The surface has a dark-brown patina but has been nearly completely lost and the surface is mostly corroded pale-green.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of T-shaped brooch of developed type and of 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the leg and much of the pin (with a surviving length of 32.3mm, a surviving depth of 11.6mm and a weight of 4.9g). The pin is hinged within tubular wings (with a width of 25.2mm and a diameter of 4.2mm), the terminals are enhanced with pairs of vertical grooves, defining an adjacent rib. At the apex is an integral chain-loop on a small platform (with a height of 6.9mm, a width of 6.1mm and an internal diameter of 2.9mm). The upper bow is of sub-rectangular section (9.7mm wide and 2.7mm thick at the head) with a stepped border on the sides, now partially lost. The sides are straight and convergent as far as the break. The rear of the bow is slightly dished. The bow projects forward at the break, indicating it was bent prior to breaking. The bow is decorated with a column of three lozenge-shaped mouldings, each containing a recessed cell. Remnant traces of enamel survive in the top cell, now yellow. The surface is heavily-corroded pale-green. The brooch corresponds with T-shaped types which have a distribution largely concentrated around the Lower Severn as outlined by Hattatt (1987, pp 100-105) and closely corresponds with Hull's type 105. 1. Bayley, J. and Butcher, S., 2004, Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection, 167, fig. 138 2. . Hattatt R.; 1987, Brooches of Antiquity

NMGW-44ABE4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester dervative, Harlow type of 1st century AD date (60-65). Of The West of England Group. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head only (with a surviving length of 10.6mm. a surviving depth of 17.6mm and a weight of 6.6g). The missing spring was secured by a central lug with two perforations to accommodate the axis bar and tension the chord. The remnants of both are present in the perforations and both are of copper alloy. The wings (with a width of 24.0mm) are of D-shaped section (6.8mm x 2.7mm) and the terminals are decorated with vertical grooves. The upper bow is of oval section (4.8mm wide and 5.6mm thick) and no decoration is now evident on the bow. The surface is corroded with pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-44F6ED: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of enamelled Polden Hill type and of 1st to 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and spring only (with a surviving length of 17.4mm, a surviving depth of 11.5mm and a weight of 6.7g). The copper alloy spring is present, secured between lateral lugs around a copper alloy axis bar and with the chord tensioned by a lug at the head. The wings (with a width of 20.8mm) are angled to the rear and the terminals were expanded but are now corroded and worn. The lug to tension the chord is triangular and is surmounted on a flat panel at the head. The upper bow is near-perpendicular to the head and is of rectangular section (8.5mm wide and 3.0mm thick) with straight parallel sides for the short distance to the old break. The front of the bow is decorated with two rectangular cells, which are likely to have held alternating coloured squares of enamel. One square or red enamel now survives. The rear of the bow is flat. The surface of the bow has a mid-green patina and has a pale-green corrosion. The brooch can be paralleled with an example recorded by Hattatt (1987, no. 905, p 99-100) from Langton Down in Dorset, which he sees as Polden Hill type but noted the similarities decoration and form with T-shaped brooches corresponding to Hull's type 110 - 111, which are generally hinged rather than sprung. Hull's Types 110 and 111 have been shown to have a distribution centred on the Lower Severn area (Hattatt, 1987, p. 100-8) . 1.Hattatt, R., 1987; Brooches of Antiquity

NMGW-4786D1: BROOCH
Possible copper alloy plate from a brooch of uncertain type, possibly Roman The object comprises a fragmentary and distorted circular disc of sheet metal (with a maximum distorted diameter of 34.2mm, a thickness of 0.1mm and a weight of 2.4g). The rear has what appears to be an integral catch-plate adjacent to the edge (with a depth of 7.8mm and a length of 6.2mm). There is the possible suggestion that the plate has broken across a central hole. There is no decoration evident on the surface but there appears to be remnants of tinned or silvered surface on the front of plate. Elsewhere the surface has a pale grey and blue green to dark-green patina. The fragmentary plate has few diagnostic features making any identification tentative, it is also difficult to closely match the thin circular plate to known types of plate brooches.

NMGW-5C508C: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends, West Midlands) type and of late 1st to late 2nd century AD date. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head, spring and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 30.0mm, a surviving depth of 15.7mm and a weight of 8.9g). The spring remains in place and is of iron, secured between lateral lugs around an iron axis bar and with the chord tensioned by a hook at the head. The squat wings are likely to be a little truncated (with a surviving width of 19.1mm and a maximum diameter of 17mm). No decoration is now evident on the short wings. The top of the head is flat and has the hook, which gradually weakens before stopping on the head. The upper bow is of D-shaped section (with a width at the head of 11.4mm and a thickness of 5.6mm) with straight sides converging towards the break. The rear of the bow has a central rib, beginning immediately below the head, which would have developed to the catch-plate on the leg. No decoration is now evident on the upper bow and is likely to have been removed through wear and corrosion. The surface has a pale-green patina.

NMGW-70BD15: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date. The brooch is incomplete missing the spring and pin (with a length of 34.9mm, a depth of 20.3mm and a weight of 4.2g). The missing spring was secured around a pierced lug at the centre of the head. The Trumpet head is sub-triangular (8.7mm wide and 6.3mm high), with a flat border at the sides of the triangular bow. The sides of the upper bow are concave, expanding to the button. The button is worn but appears to be of simple, globular form. The mouldings flanking the button are also worn but appear to be of sub-triangular leaf form. The leg is of triangular section with straight sides converging towards the forward projecting- foot. No applied decoration is now discernible on the bow. The catch-plate is intact and arcs from the rear of the leg. The base of the catch-plate is flush with the base of the leg on the non-catch side. There is a groove adjacent to the catch on the non-catch side. The surface is heavily worn with a pale-green patina.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of T-shaped type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the leg and pin (with a surviving length of 28.6mm, a surviving depth of 11.7mm and a weight of 6.7g). The missing pin was hinged within tubular wings with a copper alloy axis bar. The wings are now truncated (with a surviving width of 25.6mm and a diameter of 5mm). There was no chain-loop on the head. The bow has side mouldings at head and is of U-shaped section with a hollowed rear (with a width at the head of 12.2mm and a depth of 4.6mm). Below the stepped side mouldings, the sides of the bow are straight and convergent as far as the mid-bow. The upper bow is decorated with a recessed panel, containing a pair of ribs in sunken relief. The edges of the recessed panel were enhanced with notches. The bow narrowed at the mid-bow (to 3.5mm), below which it has broken. There is no evidence for the beginnings of the catch-plate on the rear of the bow. The surface has a mid to dark-green patina.

NMGW-73614B: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), c.f. Mackreth 2011, 5.a4. Plate 50, no. 1585, Lower Severn Valley, and of 1st or 2nd century AD. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 19.8mm, a surviving depth of 9.7mm and a weight of 4.5g). The missing pin, spring and axis bar were secured between lateral lugs, with the chord tensioned by a lug at the head, now broken robably from the loss of the spring. The wings (with a width of 24.2mm) are angled slightly to the rear and the terminals are enhanced with pairs of vertical grooves, defining a central rib. The upper bow is of D-shaped section and has side mouldings (giving the bow a width of 8.2mm and a thickness of 4.8mm), below, which the sides are straight and convergent for the short distance to the break. The lug at the head, developed into a midrib on the bow and continues to the break. The midrib is now damaged but appears to have been of undulating form. There is no evidence for the beginnings of the catch-plate on the rear of the bow. The surface has a dark-brown patina.

NMGW-736ED0: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b. Plate 46. Late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The brooch is incomplete, represented by the head and incomplete bow only (with a surviving length of 43.6mm, a surviving depth of 19.5mm and a weight of 20.8g). The spring is iron and remains in place, secured between lateral lugs around an iron axis bar and with the chord tensioned by a lug at the head. The iron corrosion has masked any details on the fronts of the semi-cylindrical wings (with a width of 28.1mm). At the head, on both sides a moulding is present at the junction between the bow and the wings, now heavily worn (with a width of 11.5mm). The upper bow is of rounded D-shaped section with straight sides gradually converging to the break. No decoration is now evident on the worn and heavily corroded bow. There is no surviving evidence of the catch-plate on the reverse of the bow. The surface has mid to dark-green patina.

NMGW-82F1B2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Wroxeter variant type and 2nd century AD date. The brooch in incomplete, missing the pin, foot and head-plate and with a distorted leg (with a distorted length of 56.3mm, a depth of 22mm and a weight of 17.9g). The missing pin was hinged between semi-tubular lugs on the rear of the head (with a width of 13.7mm). The lugs have considerably adhering iron corrosion, suggesting an iron axis bar and/or pin was employed. At the head is the remains of a truncated head-plate (with a surviving height of 17.2mm) and the remnant of the start of an integral chain-loop is evident. At the base of the head-plate is a rib enhanced with notches. The D-shaped head has a groove on the side and base. The upper bow is of D-shaped section (11.7mm wide and 5.8mm thick at the head) with straight sides, converging slightly towards the mid-bow. The upper bow is decorated with three enamelled columns containing alternating coloured enamel of red and white. At the base of the enamelled cells is an integral stud, above a chevron stepped moulding, perhaps echoing an off-centre chevron above the cells. The leg is also of D-shaped section, with straight sides converging towards the missing foot with no applied decoration now evident. The leg is distorted to the side but would have arced to the front or inwardly curved. The catch-plate begins at the top of the rear of the leg and has lost the catch. The surface has a dark-green patina with patches of bright-green corrosion.

NMGW-86621D: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin and catch and is heavily-corroded (with a length of 52.3mm, a surviving depth of 27.5mm and a weight of 18.0g). The missing pin appears to have been hinged within semi-tubular wings, now lost. The rear of the head has adhering iron corrosion, suggesting an iron pin and/or axis bar. The trumpet head is oval (13.1mm wide and 13.7mm long), with the suggestion of a border flange but now truncated but no evidence for an integral chain-loop on the head. The upper-bow is of sub-triangular section with concave sides (with a minimum width and thickness of 5.0mm and 5.4mm respectively). The heavy corrosion has removed any decoration on the bow and button, which is now globular and continues on the rear of the bow (9mm wide and 10mm deep) but was originally likely to have been of acanthus form. There is a rib descending from the base of the button on the rear, which arcs to the catch-plate but has lost the catch. The leg is of oval section with straight sides converging towards the foot. The foot is sub-circular-sectioned (4.9mm x 4.2mm) and hollowed on its underside. The surface has been stripped to a red-brown corrosion with remnant traces of a dark-green patina.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of uncertain type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, missing the head and catch-plate and is heavily-corroded (with a surviving length of 45.0mm, a surviving depth of 7.5mm and a weight of 2.4g). The head is lost and was of uncertain form with a V-slot on the rear. The arched bow is slender with straight sides, gradually converging to the eroded and pointed foot (with a width and thickness at the head of 4.0mm and 2.4mm respectively). A low rib on the rear of the bow defines the remnants of the catch-plate. All surface detail and decoration have been lost top corrosion. None of the original surface survives with a stripped dark-brown surface.

NMGW-997E4E: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Transitional Type 2.b1, flat wing ends) and of mid-1st-early 2nd century AD. The brooch in incomplete and fragmentary, missing the pin and catch-plate and broken across the top of the bow (with a length of 50mm, a depth of 16mm and a weight of 11.0g). The spring remains in place and is comparatively wide (at 39.5mm), secured around a copper alloy axis bar between lateral lugs, only one of which now survives. The chord is tensioned by a hook at the head. The head is of sheet copper alloy and the fronts of the wings are decorated with three vertical grooves each side. The grooves are in-filled with punched hatching. The bow appears to have ben of D-shaped section at the head (5.3mm wide and 2.6mm thick), with straight sides gradually converging to the pointed foot. The bow is heavily corroded and broken but appears to have been decorated with a central linear groove, possibly also originally in-filled with hatching. No decoration is now discernible on the mid-bow or leg. The catch-plate was as wide as the slender leg and has broken well before the catch. The surface has a dark-green patina surviving on one side the wings and elsewhere is heavily-corroded pale-green to red-brown.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment probably from a Trumpet or Trumpet derivative brooch of 1st or 2nd century AD date. The brooch fragment is from a swivelling chain loop (with a surviving length of 20.3mm and a weight of 1.7g) and comprises the wire chain loop with attached frontal plate of disc form. The wire (1.2mm diameter) forms a loop at the apex (7.6mm wide) and is wider at the base (with a surviving width of 17.7mm) to accommodate the spring. The chain-loop is held by a rectangular loop (6.4mm long and 2.0mm wide) on the rear of the disc plate. The fitting (with an overall depth of 7.6mm) expands to the flat sub-circular face (7.3mm diameter). The face is decorated with a raised border and central raised concentric ring, defining two recessed cells. It is possible that the cells were intended to hold enamel and it is unclear whether a slight red discolouration represents remnants of the enamel. The surface of the copper alloy is corroded and has a green-brown patina.

NMGW-EB851C: BROOCH
~~Roman copper alloy brooch of Co;lchester-derivative type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 22.7mm, a surviving depth of 9.9mm and a weight of 7.4g). The brooch employed a copper alloy spring mechanism, a small part of which survives on one side. The spring was secured between lateral lugs and the chord tensioned by a lug at the head. The chord remains within the head lug. The wings are semi-cylindrical (with a width of 25.7mm and a diameter of 7.2mm) and are heavily-corroded although there is the suggestion of grooved borders at the terminals. The bow had curved side mouldings at the head, now corroded (with a width of 9.1mm). The upper bow is of oval section, with straight sides converging towards the break. No decoration now survives on the bow but the lug at the head appears to have defined a midrib, at least as far as the top of the bow. The surface has a brown patina and has a bright-green corrosion.

NMGW-38FF3A: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch of 2nd century AD date The brooch is circular (with a diameter of 21.3mm and a weight of 4.4g) and is near-complete, missing the central boss. The wire pin survives on the rear, with a slight distortion (with a length of 7mm and a diameter of 0.6mm). The pin is sprung around a single, pierced lug (giving the brooch an overall depth of 6.9mm) with the chord beneath. The catch-plate remains in place at the base of the rear (with a height of 3.5mm and a length of 4.3mm). The circular brooch face has a raised rim border (1.5mm thick) with no evidence for peripheral lugs. Inside of which is green enamelled decoration, outside of the star-pattern decoration, comprising ten points. The interior of the star is decorated with blue enamel around ten circular pellets. At the very centre is a damaged raised circle, probably the remnants of central boss, now lost. The surface is corroded with a dark green-brown corrosion. Remnant traces of as silvered or tinned surface survive on the rear. Similar disc brooches with an enamelled star motif are recorded by Hattatt from Colchester (Hattatt 1985, no. 505, p 140)[1], Ipswich (Hattatt, 1982, no. 119, p 138)[2] and an unprovenanced example (Hattatt, 1987, no. 1035, p 169)[3] and Hattatt sees the brooches as a native British type. The three examples recorded by Hattatt are without a central boss and disc brooches with a boss genarlly also have peripheral lugs. [1] Hattatt, R.; 1988; Iron Age and Roman Brooches [2] Hattatt, R.; 1982; Ancient and Romano-British Brooches [3] Hattatt, R.; 1987; Brooches of Antiquity

NMGW-8D945B: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4.a-b., flat wing ends type), and of 1st century AD date. The brooch is fragmentary and represented by the head and upper bow only and would have been comparatively substantial (with a surviving length of 37.8mm, a surviving depth of 17.5mm and a weight of 14.0g). The missing spring was likely to have been secured between lateral lugs now lost. There is the stub of a corroded lug on the head, suggesting that the brooch employed a Polden Hill, lug Type arrangement. The wings are heavily truncated, only partially surviving on one side (with a width of 19.5mm and a surviving length of 5.1mm). Curved mouldings are discernible on the sides of the head (with a width of 14.5mm) and lug on the head to tension the chord, appears to have developed into a decorative midrib. A column of punched rings are discernible on one side of the upper bow but all other detail has been lost. The upper bow is of sub-triangular to D-shaped section with straight sides converging towards the break (where the bow has a width of 8mm and a thickness of 7.5mm). The brooch has a burnt clay core of casting material with a comparatively thin copper alloy skin (1mm thick). The core is circular at the break on the bow (with a diameter of 5mm) and is also evident within the head, behind the missing spring. The copper alloy is heavily corroded with a pale-green patina and areas of bright green corrosion. The fragmentary nature of the brooch makes typological identification uncertain but the form is consistent with Polden Hill brooches of late 1st -early 2nd century AD date. The casting involving a clay core is an interesting feature in the brooch and is difficult to parallel. The casting would have involved a high level of expertise and is likely to have resulted in a considerably weaker brooch. The advantages of casting around a core are not immediately obvious, beyond achieving a lower weight for what would have been a comparatively large brooch.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4, flat wing cap type), c.f. Mackreth 2011, 4.l, Plate 48. and of 1st to 2nd century AD date. The brooch is fragmentary missing the leg and wings (with a surviving length of 29.0mm, a surviving depth of 10.9mm and a weight of 3.8g). The brooch employed a spring mechanism, now missing, probably behind wings with perforated terminals, now lost (with a surviving width of 11.9mm). Above the head is the remnant of a hook to tension the chord. The head has curved mouldings on the sides (giving a width of 8.5mm). Much of the decorative detail on the brooch has been lost; there is the suggestion of a midrib running along the bow, now heavily worn and corroded. The bow is of D-shaped section, with straight sides gradually converging to the break. A slight rib on the rear of the bow, above the break suggests the start of the catch-plate. The surface has a dark-brown patina with areas of bright green corrosion.

NMGW-B67650: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester Derivative Harlow, two pins piercing head of 1st century AD. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by part of the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 19.0mm, a surviving depth of 18.9mm and a weight of 4.8g). The missing spring was secured behind the truncated wings (with a surviving width of 24.0mm) and secured at the centre by a double-perforated lug. The perforation to hold the missing axis bar is damaged but the broken chord remains in place in the top perforation. The upper bow is of oval section (8.4mm wide and 5.0mm thick), with straight sides converging to the break. The perforated lug developed into a midrib on the bow, now eroded and lost. All other surface detail from the brooch has been lost and the surface has a mid-brown patina with areas of pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-23D5A1: BROOCH
Copper alloy pin probably from a Roman bow brooch of 1st or 2nd century AD date The pin is incomplete and is slightly distorted (with a length of 57.5mm and a weight of 3.4g). The pin was sprung and at the break the spring is rectangular-sectioned (2.3mm wide and 0.8mm thick) and is coiled from the spring. The pin shaft is circular sectioned, with a maximum diameter beneath the spring (of 3.1mm) and gradually tapers to the tip. The tip is shaped into an S but is likely to have happened during its post depositional. The surface has a pale green patina with brown surface loss. The fragmentary nature of the brooch makes dating and typological identification difficult. Bow brooches with springs occurred from the late Iron Age but are far more common during the early Roman period, during the first and second centuries AD.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet type and 1st or 2nd century AD The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 23.5mm, a surviving depth of 9.3mm and a weight of 4.8g). The missing spring was secured around a central lug with a perforation to accommodate the axis bar. There is a notch at the base of the lug to tension the chord and the top of the lug is truncated and possibly continued to form a spike to hold a swivelling chain loop. There is no evidence for an integral chain-loop at the head. The head was oval, now slightly damaged (17.9mm long and 14.5mm high) and has a plate surrounding the smaller upper bow. The rear of the head is dished. The bow is of D-shaped section at the head (15.2mm wide and 10.0mm high). The top of the bow is decorated with a spiral scroll on each side, which continue on to the front of the bow to form linear ribs. In-between these two ribs are another two ribs, which appear to be diverging towards the break. No other decoration is evident on the short area of bow surviving. The bow is of D-shaped section at the break (7.1mm wide and 4.3mm thick). There is the suggestion of a tinned or silvered surface; otherwise the surface has a dark-green patina with areas of pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-5D899B: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Wroxeter type and of early to mid 2nd century AD date The brooch is near-complete, missing the pin but has a distorted bow (with a distorted length of 61.8mm, a depth of 22.2mm and a weight of 19.8g). The spring remains in place and was repaired with a loop of wire inserted between the damaged spring coils. An S-shaped twist of the inserted wire abuts the base of the head to tension the single spring coil. The spring is wound around a copper alloy axis bar and secured between perforated lateral lugs. The trumpet-derivative head is D-shaped (with a length of 14.6mm and a width of 16.7mm) and is decorated with an incised double-chevron above the spring and with a knurled rib around the edge. There was no integral loop on the head but it possible that the axis bar formed a swivelling chain loop. The front of the head is flat and is not decorated, with the bow emerging from the centre. The upper bow is of D-shaped section (8.4mm wide and 4.8mm thick), with straight, near-parallel sides as for as the top of the leg. The upper bow has a deep curve and is decorated with rectangular cells holding remnant traces of enamel. The enamel would have been rectangles of alternating colours without separating bars but only the blue enamel now survives. At the base of the enamelled cells is a circular aperture, widest at the front (with a diameter of 4.3mm) intended to hold a decorative, riveted stud, now lost. The leg is convex across its length with an inward curvature and is of triangular section, with straight sides gradually converging towards the foot. There is the suggestion of incised line decoration flanking the central ridge but the detail has been lost. The foot is of disc form with ribbed and borders and is convex between. The catch-plate his arced on its edge and the rear of the catch is enhanced with double horizontal lines at the apex and with the suggestion of double diagonals down the rear of the catch, now worn. The surface has a pale-green patina. The brooch can be paralleled with two examples recorded by Hattatt, one found in Wiltshire (Hattatt, 1987, p 146, no. 984)[1] and the other from Eye in Suffolk (Hattatt, 1989, p 96, no. 1538)[2]. The Wiltshire brooch better parallels the head and upper bow with a separate decorative stud, while the concave leg is paralleled on the Suffolk brooch. [1] Hattatt, R.; 1987, Brooches of Antiquity [2] Hattatt, R.; 1989, Ancient Brooches and other Artefacts

NMGW-5AF6CE: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet type and of 1st to 2nd century AD date The brooch is near complete, missing the spring and pin (with a length of 57.8mm, a depth of 24.0mm and a weight of 30.0g). The missing spring was secured around a central, pierced lug with the chord beneath and the rear of the head is concave. The trumpet-head is oval (16.2mm high and 20.4mm wide) with a pin at the apex, probably to retain a swivelling chain-loop, now lost. The upper-bow is of oval section and has cast decoration, symmetrical about a vertical central rib. The mouldings comprise a trumpet-scroll on each side, terminating on one end in curvilinear trumpet-ribs, which continue onto the underside of the bow. At the other end, above the button, the mouldings diverge to form a recess of droplet form. The central vertical rib has a linear groove, now worn. It is possible that the mouldings on the upper-bow are representative of a stylised animal head, possibly a horse or similar. The mid-bow has a button of oval disc form (15.4mm wide and 12.5mm deep), which appears to have been undecorated. Smaller mouldings flank the central rib above and below and separate the button from the upper-bow and leg. All three ribs continue on to the rear of the bow. The leg is near-straight and is of triangular section, with straight convergent sides. The leg has a prominent linear central rib and each side is decorated with an undulating rib, defining D-shaped cells each side. The base of the leg is defined by a further rib, which again continues on the rear. The catch-plate is complete (with a height of 8.4mm) and is placed at the centre of the leg, arcing from the rib at the rear of the button. The foot is of knobbed form (10.0mm diameter) and the underside is concave with a central pellet, which extends beyond the sides of the foot. The surface has a mid to dark-brown patina with much of the silvering or tinning surviving on the surface.

NMGW-5B7DAE: BROOCH
Copper alloy bow brooch of Wirral Type and of 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 37.1mm, a surviving depth of 13.2mm and a weight of 10.0g). The missing pin was hinged between semi-tubular lugs, only one of which survives. The head has straight sides (9.9mm wide) missing the integral chain-loop at the head (with a surviving length of 14.8mm). The front of the head-plate was decorated with transverse ribs, enhanced with vertical grooves. The upper-bow is arched with straight sides, converging slightly towards the mid-bow and was decorated with three vertical linear cells, probably holding alternating coloured enamels but now heavily corroded. There appears to be a remnant of orange enamel present in the base of the central cell but all other traces have been lost. Beneath the cells was a raised circular pellet but is now corroded. The rear of the upper-bow is rounded. The brooch has broken at the top of the leg, which is concave and was of D-shaped or sub-triangular section. At the rear of the leg is the start of the catch-plate, surviving as a rib. The surface is poorly-preserved but has a dark-green patina where it survives and elsewhere has a bright mid-green corrosion.

NMGW-C7BB5B: BROOCH
The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring and catch-plate (with a length of 58.0mm, a surviving depth of 23.5mm and a weight of 17.2g). The missing spring was secured around a central, pierced lug with the chord beneath and the rear of the head is concave. The trumpet-head is oval (15.2mm high and 16.5mm wide) and there is some damage to its apex, which is undecorated and possibly originally incorporated an integral chain-loop. The upper-bow is of D-shaped section and has cast decoration comprising a trumpet-scroll on each side. At the centre is a double rib, flanked by ribs emanating from the trumpet-scrolls. It is possible that the mouldings on the upper-bow are representative of a stylised animal head, possibly a horse or similar. The mid-bow has a button of disc form (12.0mm wide and 10.4mm deep), enhanced with a notched central rib. Notched ribs also divide the button from the upper-bow and leg. All three ribs continue on the rear of the bow. The leg is near-straight and is of triangular section, with straight convergent sides. The leg appears to have had a linear central rib, enhanced with a central groove and each side is decorated with an undulating rib, defining sub-triangular cells against a rib on the rear side. The base of the leg is defined by a further knurled rib, which again continues on the rear. The catch-plate is largely lost and survives as a flange at the centre of the rear of the leg. The foot is of knobbed form (9.5mm diameter) and the underside has a central pellet. The surface has a mid to dark-green patina.

NMGW-C85725: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular brooch frame of 13th to 14th century date The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin but the annular frame is complete (with an external diameter of 24.6mm, an internal diameter of 17.0mm and a weight of 5.0g). The frame is sub-circular to oval sectioned (3.5mm wide and 3.3mm - 3.8mm thick) and is enhanced with ribbed decoration. The decoration appears to be confined to two areas either side of a restriction for the missing pin and is present on both faces (for a length of c. 15mm). The remainder of the frame does not appear to have been decorated. The frame at the pin restriction is narrowed (with a length of 5.1mm, a width of 2.5mm wide and a thickness of 2.0mm). The surface is worn and corroded with a mid-green patina and areas of brown corrosion. A similar brooch but with a frame of D-shaped section was recovered from excavations in London (Egan & Pritchard, 1991, p. 250, no. 1315)[1] from a late-13th to mid-14th century context. [1] Egan G. & Pritchard F. 1991; Medieval Finds from Excavations in London: 3; Dress Accessories; Museum Of London

NMGW-C9D4E0: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow and fantail brooch of 1st to 2nd century AD date. The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin and chain-loop (with a surviving length of 36.5mm, a surviving depth of 11.7mm and a weight of 6.3g). The missing pin was hinged within semi-tubular wings behind the head (with a width of 14.6mm). There is the remnant of a damaged integral chain-loop on the head. No decoration is now discernible on the head. The arched bow is of rectangular section, with straight and near parallel sides (with a width of 3.7mm - 4.4mm and a thickness of 2.5mm - 3.0mm). The front of the bow appears to have been decorated with grooved borders, defining a central midrib, now worn. The leg is of characteristic triangular 'fantail' form (with a width of 16.5mm and a length of 14.6mm). Within the leg is a triangular panel containing a broken back scroll motif at the base with a chevron cell at its apex. Traces of dark-blue enamel survive within the pelta and along the border at the base. The catch-plate is present at the centre of the leg (11.7mm long, 4.8mm high and 0.5mm thick). The surface is worn with a mid-green patina. The brooch can be closely paralleled with an example recorded by Hattatt (1985, no. 461, p. 117-8)[1] from Owmby, Lincolnshire with the same motif but in red enamel. Hattatt states the brooch is of Hull's type 36 and parallels it to a further example in the British Museum. [1] Hattatt, R.; 1985, Iron Age and Roman Brooches

NMGW-C9FACB: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Polden Hill type with flat wing ends, of 1st or 2nd century AD date. The brooch is fragmentary represented by the head and the top of the bow only (with a surviving length of 20.5mm, a surviving depth of 11.7mm and a weight of 10.9g). The spring remains in place, secured between lateral lugs, which are angled inwards (with a width of 29.2mm). The chord is broken but is present, dislodged from its damaged lug on the head. The fronts of the wings are decorated with vertical grooves and ribs, now corroded and worn. The top of the bow is of D-shaped section with straight sides converging to the break. Prominent grooved borders decorated the bow but all other decoration is now worn and corroded. Traces of dark-green patina are evident but the surface has a pale-green and brown corrosion.

NMGW-DD0F93: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of 'initial' T-shaped type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the foot, catch and part of the pin (with a surviving length of 37.5mm, a surviving depth of 9.6mm and a weight of 10.5g). The pin (with a surviving length of 13.7mm) is hinged within comparatively long tubular wings (with a width of 42.3mm and a diameter of 5mm) around a copper alloy axis bar. The wings are decorated with vertical groove and ribs, enhanced with S-punched marks. The upper bow has straight sides converging towards the break on the leg (with a width at the head of 12.9mm and at the break of 4.5mm). The front of the bow is decorated with two deep grooves and flanked by ribs, each of which is enhanced with a rib in sunken relief. The side ribs appear to have been knurled while the central rib is plain. There is a transverse rib and groove at the base of the bow, suggesting the bow has broken through a button. The rear of the bow is concave across its width (with a thickness of 2.2mm and a depth of 3.5mm). The surface is corroded with a pale-green corrosion and traces of a tinned or silvered surface survive mostly on the wings. The brooch generally corresponds with Hull's Type 104 of T-shaped type but is without the side mouldings on the upper bow. Hull's Type 104 brooches have a distribution concentrated around the Lower Severn.

NMGW-08DB34: BROOCH
The brooch is fragmentary and is heavily-corroded, missing the leg and pin (with a surviving length of 30.2mm, a surviving depth of 12.0mm and a weight of 4.6g). The missing spring was secured around a central and single pierced lug, now heavily-truncated and surviving as a rib. The trumpet-head is oval (11.0mm high and 7.5mm wide) and the corrosion has removed all decoration. The upper bow narrows (to 2.3mm) before swelling (to 5.5mm) at the button which has also lost all detail to corrosion. Below the button, the leg thins to a point through corrosion and there is the suggestion of a rib on the rear, possibly the remnants of the catch-plate. The surface has a pale-green to brown corrosion.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, The Wroxeter, Polden Hill / T-shaped type and of later 1st or 2nd century AD date. The brooch is near-complete, missing the pin and bow setting (with a surviving length of 58.7mm, a depth of 16.0mm and a weight of 18.2g). The spring is secured between perforated lateral lugs and the missing chord was tensioned by a lug at the head, in a 'Polden Hill, lug type' arrangement. The wings are semi-cylindrical (with a width of 22.3mm) and the oval terminals are expanded and ribbed (8.6mm x 7.0mm); there is the suggestion that the terminals were enhanced with a single groove, now worn. The top of the head is decorated with two diagonal moulded leaves, flanking the lug. The sides of the bow have a curved moulding on each side at the head (giving the bow a width of 9.8mm and a maximum thickness of 6.2mm). The upper bow is of D-shaped section, with a rib on the rear of the bow, extending from the base of the head to the catch-plate. The sides are straight and gradually convergent towards the foot. The front of the bow is decorated with three vertical and rectangular cells, holding enamel, now yellow. Rather than the more usual alternating coloured enamels, the cells appear to be separated by a copper alloy borders, slightly recessed from the vertical borders. The mid-bow was decorated by a sub-circular setting (5.3mm x 4.9mm), now missing but originally secured by a copper alloy pin through the rear of the bow. The setting was surrounded by a raised border and at its base is enhanced by a pair of pellets. The pellets are also at the apex of a pair of parallel ribs decorating the leg. The oval-sectioned leg is straight and terminates in a spherical foot knob (5.5mm diameter). The foot is enhanced by a horizontal groove near its top. The catch-plate is central to the leg and there is no surviving evidence of applied decoration on the catch-plate. The surface has a dark drown patina with areas of pale-green corrosion. The brooch may be viewed as typologically unusual; the spring arrangement is typical of Polden Hill type brooches, sometimes seen on T-shaped brooches but both the mouldings and enamelled decoration is best paralleled on Trumpet derivative brooches of Wroxeter Type.

NMGW-65EEBF: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Headstud type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and top of the bow only (with a surviving length of 22.7mm, a surviving depth of 9.7mm and a weight of 8.1g). The missing pin is hinged within damaged semi-tubular wings behind the head (with a surviving width of 23.1mm). Above the head is the remnant of an integral plate, which would have been surmounted with a chain-loop. The wings are slightly angled to the bow and are decorated with vertical ribs, with the wider, end rib being knurled. The bow projects forward at the head and turned immediately above the break and there are suggestions of curved mouldings near the head. The surviving part of the bow is rectangular-sectioned and has straight and near-parallel sides to the break (with a width of 7.4mm and a thickness of 6mm). The top of the bow is decorated with a lug running along the top of the bow, now heavily truncated (with a length of 5.9mm and a width of 3.1mm). Above the turn on the bow is an integral circular headstud (6.5mm diameter and mm high), comprising a ring in sunken relief. At the centre of the ring is a circular recessed cell, which was likely to have held enamel. The surface has a dark-green patina with areas of pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-66015C: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 5, Group 2.b1, sub-group. Enamelled panel on upper bow, lenticular elements cast below, flat wing ends type) and of 2nd century AD date. The brooch is incomplete, missing part of the head and the catch-plate (with a length of 67.3mm, a surviving depth of 15.5mm and a weight of 17.9g). The brooch would have employed a spring mechanism, secured between lateral lugs at the end of semi-cylindrical wings, only one of which now survives (with a surviving width of 17.1mm and a diameter of 8.9mm). The wing terminal appears to have been expanded. The chord was tensioned by a hook at the head. The upper bow is of sub-rectangular section (10.5mm wide) with straight, slightly converging sides enhanced with vine scrolls, now worn. The front of the bow has a two rectangular vertical cells, which would have held enamel, probably in alternating colours but now no longer survives. Beneath the cells were raised mouldings at either side of two grooves that appeared to have defined a central rib but is now heavily-worn and corroded. The sides gradually converge before the globular foot. The remnants of the catch-plate are evident as a rib (with a maximum surviving height of 3.8mm). The surface has a pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-E7E5DB: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet Type and of 1st - 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin and has a slightly distorted bow (with a length of 49.2mm, a distorted depth of 23.1mm and a weight of 9.4g). The brooch had a spring mechanism secured around a single, pierced lug on the rear of the head. A single coil of the spring survives around an iron axis bar. The trumpet head is of sub-triangular section (9.9mm wide and 9.7mm long), with no surviving evidence for an integral chain-loop. The head is corroded but appears to have had side flanges, defined by chevron mouldings which arc towards the bow. The upper bow is of D-shaped to sub-triangular section and has concave sides, expanding to the mid-bow. Any decoration on the upper bow has been lost through wear and corrosion. The button is worn and was of uncertain form. The leg is of D-shaped section with straight sides converging to the foot. And the surface is corroded and has removed any decoration. The foot projects forward and had a step-moulding. The catch-plate is present and arcs from the rear of the base of the button and is central to the leg. Remnants of a silvered or tinned surface survives on the catch-plate. Elsewhere the surface has surviving areas of dark-green patina and mid-green corrosion. The brooch form is consistent with Hull's 'Chester' Type 154, which he dated from the late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The type is seen to have a distribution concentrated in the South West of Britain, around the lower Severn.

NMGW-E7F851: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Polden Hill type with flat wing ends, c. f. Mackreth 2011, 5.b.4. Plate 50, and of late 1st - early 2nd century AD date. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and upper bow only (with a surviving length of 19.5mm, a surviving depth of 12.6mm and a weight of 6.8g). The missing spring was secured between lateral lugs and the chord tensioned by a lug at the head, in a Polden Hill type lug arrangement. The wings (with a width of 25.4mm) are angled slightly to the rear and the fronts of the wings are decorated with prominent vertical grooves and ribs. The upper bow is highly arched and of sub-triangular section (with a width of 7.7mm and a thickness of 5.8mm), with sides converging to the break. The top of the bow has curved side mouldings, stepped to the bow before the break. The head lug appears to have been incorporated into a midrib, now corroded. Any other decorative detail on the bow has also been lost to corrosion. The surface has remnants of a dark-green patina and elsewhere has corroded pale-green.

NMGW-F8102C: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, 8. Serrated bow, enamelled decoration. Flat wing ends type, Plate 53. This type appears over muich of southern England. The brooch is near-complete, missing the pin and is comparatively small with a length of 39.8mm, a depth of 16.0mm and a weight of 9.9g). The copper alloy spring is secured between lateral lugs (with a width of around a copper alloy axis bar and the chord is tensioned by a lug at the head, in a Polden Hill lug type arrangement. The fronts of the wings are decorated with vertical grooves and ribs. The bow is of oval section (8.0mm wide and 3.5mm thick near the head), with short stepped mouldings on the sides. There is no evidence for a chain-loop at the head. The head-lug has a step to a weak rib with an oval stud at its end. The sides of the bow are now-straight and gradually convergent to the foot. The mid bow has a number of side notches from the serrations cut into slight flanges each side. The front of the bow is bevelled either side of the centre and is decorated with two columns of triangular cells that would have held enamel, now lost. There is a transverse rib at the base of the leg before the foot, which is corroded but appears to have been globular. The catch-plate is present with a comparatively straight upper edge. The surface has a pale-green corrosion with a thick-black corrosion product over the spring. Hattatt records brooches of broadly similar form (Hattatt 1987, p 116-8, nos. 933-5) and notes common features with Polden Hill brooches but the difference between the similar 'Sawfish' type, defining this form as of Hull's type 144. ~~ Hattatt, R.; 1987; Brooches of Antiquity

NMGW-FA2A9E: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 5, Group 2.b1, enamelled panel on upper bow, lenticular elements cast below,flat wing ends type and of 2nd century AD date. The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring, foot and part of the catch-plate (with a length of 50.6mm, a depth of 18.6mm and a weight of 17.8g). The missing spring was secured between lateral lugs, with the chord tensioned by a hook at the head. The wings are semi-cylindrical (with a width of 23.4mm) and the terminals are expanded (with a diameter of 8.6mm). The sides of the bow have a curved moulding at the head (with a width of 9.9mm). The upper bow is decorated with two vertical rectangular cells that would have held enamel, probably arranged in alternating squares but no trace of enamel now survives. The bow is enhanced with decorative mouldings, comprising two 'leaves' converging towards the bow on the flat head. At the base of the enamelled cell are C-shaped scrolls, which continues on the sides of the bow. The leg has two paisley like scrolls on the sides and flanking a midrib. The decoration at the base of the leg has been lost. The catch-plate is central to the rear of the leg and is truncated, with its base and catch lost. Traces of incised zigzag decoration are present on both sides of the base of the catch-plate. The surface has a dark-brown patina and areas bright green corrosion. The brooch can be paralleled with an example recorded by Hattatt (1987, no. 905, p 99-100) from Langton Down, Dorset with similar enamelled cells but without the mouldings on the bow. Hattatt noted the similarities of decoration and form with T-shaped brooches, corresponding to Hull's type 110 - 111, which are generally hinged rather than sprung. Hull's Types 110 and 111 have been shown to have a distribution centred on the Lower Severn area. ~~ Hattatt, R., 1987; Brooches of Antiquity

NMGW-62BC04: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of uncertain type, probably T-shaped or allied and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head only and is diminutive (with a surviving length of 11.9mm, a surviving depth of 5.7mm and a weight of 1.4g). The brooch employed a hinge mechanism, probably in tubular wings, which are now worn and corroded to points (with a surviving width of 12.7mm). The upper bow is of D-shaped section, also heavily worn and corroded to a point (with a width and thickness at the head of 5.0mm and 3.9mm respectively). No decoration or detail survive on either the bow or the wing remnants. The original surface has been lost and is now corroded pale-green to red-brown.