NMGW-5B6156: BLADE
Core rejuvenation blade, most likely to be of Neolithic date (c. 4000-2500BC). Made of flint. Length = 79.0mm; width = 28.0mm; thickness – 15.0mm; weight = 25.3g. The blade is struck from a blade core with the intention to refresh the striking platform of the core to enable further blades to be removed from it. Blades from such a core could have been retouched and made into scrapers, knives, or other tools.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1153740

NMGW-331B1E: COIN
A medieval silver short-cross penny of John (1299-1216) or Henry (1216-1272), Class 6b2-6d, moneyer Henri, struck at Canterbury in 1213-1218 (North 975/2-977). The coin is heavily encrusted with a thick layer of silver chloride, which obscures many of the details.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1125779

NMGW-9579B4: COIN
A silver Post Medieval sixpence of William III (1694-1702), uncertain mint. Obverse: Bust of William III, laureate and draped, right [GVLLIEL]MU[S] III [DEI] [GRA]. Reverse: Crowned cruciform shields. MAG [BR.FRA] [ET.HIB] REX 16 [9]7
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1085875

NMGW-D6EBA8: COIN
A copper alloy possible Roman radiate or nummus of an uncertain ruler, dating to the period AD 260-402. Uncertain reverse type. Unclear mint.

NMGW-D5EC69: COIN
A post-medieval copper halfpenny probably of William III (1694-1702), minted at the Tower of London, 1695-1701 (Spink 3554-6).

NMGW-D5893B: COIN
An incomplete post-medieval tin halfpenny of James II (1685-1688), minted at the Tower of London, 1685-1687 (Spink 3419). Missing copper plug.

NMGW-616863: FINGER RING
A stamped copper alloy finger ring of post medieval date (18th to 19th Century). The ring is formed from a flat sheet strip of copper alloy stamped with a repeating design, bent into a ring and soldered to join the ends. The stamped design alternates between groups of three transverse bars with ribbed grooves either side of each bar, and rectangular sections containing a lozenge with concave sides and flat points. The inside of the lozenges contain stamped floral decoration, with petal shapes radiating from two opposing trefoils. The ring is complete and bears a dark green and brown patina. These rings are usually identified as trinkets or prizes/gifts from fairs, and have been ascribed a wide range of dates on the PAS database, although a later 19th century date seems more likely. KENT-6F5CBC, KENT-72A155, LIN-A7A70D, WILT-EE6226, LANCUM-BBE044, are among many of this type of ring recorded on the PAS database.

NMGW-BB8EA3: COIN
A stuck silver Venetian soldino of Duke Michele Steno dating to 1400-1413.

NMGW-F6BB9D: STRAP FITTING
An incomplete cast copper alloy fitting Post Medieval Date (AD 1500-1700). The object may be a dress hook or, since it is decorated on both sides, a watch winder. The face is decorated in a floral motif framed by incised lines forming an elongated crown shape. Both lateral points of the ‘crown’ terminate in sub-rectangular knops (5.9mm wide) with the central point terminating in a hexagonal knop (5.1mm wide) with a central recessed circular cell (2.5mm diameter). The bottom of the ‘crown’ is decorated with incised linework in the shape of a fan or floral motif with pointed ends. Beneath this is a collar 1mm wide with a central incised line. The point extends 4.7mm from the collar before terminating in an old break. The back of the object is more simply decorated with a recessed cell (2.7mm in diameter) towards the top of the body within a frame of incised lines. A red substance is caked in the crevices of the object, probably from corrosion in its deposition environment. The object is 40.3mm in length with a maximum width of 21.4mm, 2.2mm thick and weighs 4.80g.

NMGW-A661D8: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval copper alloy seal matrix of 12th or 13th century date The seal matrix is incomplete, missing the terminal loop and with peripheral damage and is heavily-corroded (with a surviving length of 18.6mm and a weight of 7.1g). The missing loop was surmounted on a circular-sectioned handle with a rounded swelling below the loop (9.3mm diameter and 4.5mm diameter below). There appears to have been a circular perforation (1mm diameter) through the widest part of the handle and containing iron, perhaps indicating a chain loop was attached to the handle, possibly as a repair after the integral loop broke. No applied decoration is evident on the handle. The seal die is near-flat, slightly bevelled towards the edges (with a thickness of 3mm) and is circular and is now corroded around the edges (with a maximum diameter of 18.3mm). The central device depicts a larger bird feeding a smaller bird probably representing ‘The Pelican in her Piety’. The bird is depicted, with a ribbed body and with wings pointing to the rear. The long neck is projecting downwards adjacent to the head o0f the smaller bird. The encircling legend is almost entirely lost with only the basal parts of three letters surviving towards the end of the legend. The surface has a pale-brown to dark-green corrosion.

NMGW-ABF22D: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval lead cloth seal of late 15th or 16th century date The seal has circular discs (of 19.0mm maximum diameter) and appears to have been of two disc type (with a thickness of 4.3mm and weighing 4.5g). The obverse face is comparatively intact and depicts a forward facing seated king on his throne and holding a sword in his right hand and a sceptre in his left. The Arms of England appear to have been depicted on the king’s chest. The depiction of the king extends beyond a beaded border at the top and probably also at the base but the design is now lost. There was a legend outside the border indicating a seal, which only partially survives and reads: SIGULUM [ ]. The reverse disc is fragmentary and depicted a coat of arms, very probably the Arms of England; a quartered shield, containing three Fleur-de-lys alternating with three lions passant guardant. None of the encircling legend can be read on this disc. The depiction of the seated king can be broadly paralleled on coins of Henry VII - VIII (1485-1509-1547) and suggests a contemporary date. The depicted Arms of England are also contemporary with these dates. The seal is likely to be an alnage seal of uncertain provenance and can be paralleled with an example found in Somerset[1]. [1] BSG.CS.00287

NMGW-ABC844: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval copper alloy seal matrix of 13th or 14th century date The matrix is of circular form, with an hexagonally faceted handle and is near-complete but with damaged edges and is now heavily-corroded (with a length of 22.7mmand a weight of 5.2g). The loop (3.0mm internal diameter) at the apex of the handle is damaged, missing one side but appears to have been of unusual lozenge form. Beneath the loop, a moulding defined the top of the faceted handle, which expands to the truncated circular seal die, now with eroded edges (of 18.0mm maximum diameter). The central device on the seal depicts a stag’s head, with its snout at the base and antlers extending to the top. Between the antlers is a Cross of Potent or Crosslet form. None of the letters of the encircling legend are now discernible. The corroded surface has a dark-green patina. The seal matrix was found in close proximity to a copper alloy chain (215mm long and weighing 14.7g) and a possible fob, cast in copper alloy depicting an openwork griffin or winged-lion, passant guardant (35.5mm long, 31.5mm high, 4.6mm thick and weighing 10.5g). The fob is missing the raised front leg and is flat and undecorated on the rear. Both the chain and possible fob are likely to be of post medieval date and if associated with the seal, would be of secondary use.

NMGW-ABA9BE: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval lead seal matrix of 13th or 14th century date The seal matrix is of pointed-oval form and is near-complete but is now heavily corroded and worn (with a length of 31.0mm, a width of 19.5mm and a weight of 10.4g). The rear of the matrix is flat except for the loop (10.0mm long, 5.1mm wide, 4.0mm high, 3.3mm dimeter and giving the matrix an overall depth of 7.8mm), positioned below the apex. There is the suggestion of a possible rib descending from the base of the loop. The seal die (3.1mm thick) is heavily corroded with little of the encircling legend surviving. The central device depict a Fleur-de-lys but not of the lettering can be confidently interpreted beyond the letter ‘S’ at the beginning.

NMGW-EDF0CB: CORE
Flint blade core, probably of Mesolithic date The blade core (weight 30.2g) is a double-platform core made on a beach-pebble, with platforms at each end. The blades have all been removed from one side, with the other side being cortical. There is evidence of core preparation grinding on both platforms. The flint has patinated pale-grey to white.

NMGW-EDE2EB: WEIGHT
Lead suspension weight of uncertain date, Roman to Post medieval The weight is complete and of faceted conical form (with a length of 45.5mm). The top of the weight is of sub-rectangular section (15.0mm wide, 7.7mm – 9.1mm thick and 12.2mm long), through which the weight has a sub-circular perforation near the apex (5.5mm diameter) for suspension. The body of the weight is of faceted, sub-circular section, diverging towards the flat-bottomed base (with a diameter of 24.9mm - 26.8mm). There is an incised X within a square incised border above the base on one side. The weight currently weighs 135.30 grams, equivalent to 4.7727 ounces, the weight does not appear to correspond with standard weights from medieval and post medieval periods but is broadly consist with a Roman quincunx (137.0g). However, the form of the weight would be unusual for the Roman period.

NMGW-EDD684: THIMBLE
Medieval cast copper alloy domed thimble, probably of mid-14th or 15th century date The thimble is near-complete with some peripheral and surface damage (with a length of 19.1 and a weight of 8.7g). The mouth is sub-circular (with a diameter of 19.7 mm – 21.0mm and internal diameter of 18mm). The rim appears slightly thickened (with a rim thickness of 1.3mm) and is without a border. There is damage to the rim but other notches may been residual from the manufacture of the thimble. The sides of the thimble are near-straight, subtly convex and gently convergent before the domed top. The thimble has a spiral of fourteen to fifteen rows of hand-punched and closely spaced indentations, nine rows on the sides before the five to six rows on the domed top and are regularly spaced. The apex (8mm diameter) is without indentations and without a central perforation. The thimble has a preserved mid to dark green surface patina with areas of corrosion and surface loss. The thimble has comparatively small indentations and is thick-walled, suggesting that it belongs to Holmes’ (FDS 9, 1991)[1] heavy-duty thimbles for more coarse work and heavy fabrics and best resembles the type illustrated as 2b. [1] Holmes, E.F; 1991; Sewing Thimbles; Finds Research Group 700-1700 Datasheet 9

NMGW-EDC9DA: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Trumpet type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is incomplete, missing the leg and pin and is heavily-corroded (with a surviving length of 31.5mm, a surviving depth of 14.3mm and a weight of 6.0g). The missing spring was secured around a lug at the centre of the rear of the head. The lug is damaged and corroded but appears to have been of unusual, U-shaped form with a cavity in the interior and no surviving evidence of the perforations. The base of the lug is raised suggesting a hinge was unlikely but the arrangement of the spring is uncertain. The trumpet head is now of sub-triangular form (11.4mm wide and 10.4mm long) but is heavily-corroded and appears to have lost a surrounding border. There were curved mouldings either side of the head enhanced by incised lines converging to the apex. Corrosion has removed all other decorative detail. The upper bow is of D-shaped section but was possibly triangular before corrosion. The sides are concave, widening to the button. The button was of uncertain form, possibly acanthus. The leg was of triangular section, with straight convergent sides for their short distance to the break. There is the suggestion of a lip at the break on the rear of the leg, possibly suggesting the beginning of the catch-plate. The surface is heavily-worn, corroded and pitted with a pale-green corrosion and no original surface surviving. The form of the head and surviving parts of the bow may suggest a Trumpet brooch of Chester or allied type (similar to Hull’s type 154), which have a distribution largely concentrated around the Lower Severn (Hattatt, 1987, p. 124-8)[1]. The spring arrangement however was not of standard form. [1] Hattatt, R.; 1987; Brooches of Antiquity

NMGW-EDADE3: POLISHED AXEHEAD
Neolithic polished stone axe The axe is fragmentary, represented by approximately half with the blade-end present (with a surviving length of 108.3mm and a weight of 310.6g). The break occurred in antiquity but a further flake has been detached from the broken end and blade more recently. The axe has an oval body section, with a flat facet on each side (with a width at the break of 65.2mm, a thickness of 30.6mm and a side facet width of 4mm – 6mm). The surviving lengths of the side are near-straight, slightly convex (reaching a surviving maximum width of 66.4mm, 42mm from the blade edge). The blade edge (with a width of 63.2mm) has a moderate curve (19mm deep). The faces were moderately convex across their lengths before converging at the blade. The surfaces are well-polished although the bases of a number of flaking scars remain evident. There are a number of flaking scars and edge damaged on the blade that has patinated and is likely to be contemporary with the use of the axe. The mineralogy of axe was examined visually and microscopically by Jana Horak[1] who identified the mineral as a fine-grained siliceous rhyolite, a tuff with weak banding and pale weathering. The stone is likely to have been local to South West Wales and may potentially be Group VIII stone. [1] Head of Mineralogy & Petrology; Amgueddfa Cymru

NMGW-ED8A03: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval copper alloy seal matrix The cast seal matrix is of circular faceted handle form and is near-complete, missing the terminal loop and the edge of the seal die (with a surviving length of 21.1mm and a weight of 7.3g). The damaged loop was above double or triple ribbed mouldings before the hexagonally-faceted handle widening to the circular seal die, now eroded at the edges (with a maximum surviving diameter of 19.1mm). The central device depicts ‘the pelican in her piety’ with the pelican extending across the top of the field with the head to the left (as seen on the impression) and with the beak against the breast. At the base is an arc of sprigs or branches, upon which is a nest, containing three chicks. Unfortunately none of the letters in the encircling legend is complete and the legend can no longer be interpreted. The surface is pitted with a dark-green patina.

NMGW-ED790B: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of T-shaped type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the fragmentary head only (with a surviving length of 17.8mm, a surviving depth of 10.5mm and a weight of 6.2g). The head is truncated but employed a hinge mechanism within tubular wings (with a surviving width of 17.8mm and a maximum diameter of 6.7mm). No decoration survives at the head but there is the suggestion of curved moulding at the sides (with a width of 9.6mm). The top of the bow appears to have been of D-shaped section, now worn and rounded and tapering to a point. The corroded and pitted surface is pale to mid green.

NMGW-ED6A68: SOCKETED AXEHEAD
Late Bronze Age socketed axe of (Class B) Southern English ribbed type and of Ewart Park metalworking, dated to Needham’s (1996)[1] Period 7, c. 950 – 750BC The socketed axe is fragmentary, missing the mouth and one face (with a surviving maximum length of 104.0mm and a weight of 234.0g) and was damaged in antiquity. The more complete face is likely to have broken just below the mouth but with no mouth moulding surviving. The socket has a moderately consistent rectangular profile (29mm x 19mm and with a surviving depth of 67.5mm). The longer side has the stub of the loop surviving just below the break (with a surviving height of 9.0mm). The sides are near-straight, gently convex and divergent before a moderate out-turning at the blade tips (giving a blade width of 54.3mm). The sides are perpendicular to the faces and straight across their thickness. The casting seams are discernible and were finished but the detail has been removed through corrosion. The blade edge has a slight curvature with some damage. The faces are gradually convergent with no blade facets and have a shallow convexity across their length and are near-flat across their widths, producing a rectangular body section (with a maximum surviving body width, below the loop of 38mm). The faces were decorated with vertical parallel ribs and the more complete face appears to have had 6 ribs, with the two outermost ribs following the edges of the face. Striations are evident running between the ribs. The surface has a dark-brown patina partially preserved, with pale-green corrosion elsewhere. The missing mouth makes any typological identification uncertain, the form and size of the axe would suggest the axe type to be a Southern English ribbed axe, which Needham (1990, p 32)[2] called Class B and if the axe also had a double-mouth moulding may have been similar to his B1 axe but with a less expanded blade edge. Southern English ribbed axes are not commonly recovered from South Wales and together with occasional Carp’s Tongue components in Ewart Park hoards, perhaps begin to suggest a degree of contact between western and South Eastern Britain at the start of the 1st millennium BC, which may be observed proportionately less in South Eastern Wales. [1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140 [2] Needham, S. 1990; The Petters Late Bronze Age Metalwork; An Analytical Study of Thames Valley metalworking in its settlement context; Department of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities 1990; British Museum Occasional Paper 70

NMGW-ED3240: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, missing the leg pin and head-plate (with a surviving length of 37.8mm, a surviving depth of 17.5mm and a weight of 18.9g). The missing spring employed a ferrous axis bar, secured around a central, pierced D-shaped lug at the rear of the head (12.2mm long, 4.5mm thick and 5.7mm high). The head is now sub-oval (21.4mm long and 15.8mm wide) but has been eroded at the edges. Above the head are the remains of an integral head-plate, probably surmounted with a chain-loop, now lost. The base of the head-plate was decorated with a transverse rib with incised diagonals, or ‘rope-moulding’ and there is the suggestion of a repeated rib with opposed diagonal incised marks above. At the top of the head is a raised chevron moulding, originally enhanced with nicks along the edge. The point of the chevron meets a midrib at the apex of the bow. The midrib has now mostly been lost but appears to comprise a double-rib in sunken relief enhanced with opposed diagonals. The upper bow is of hexagonally-faceted section with near-straight sides below the trumpet head. The button has a rope-moulded transverse rib flanked on each side by plain ribs. The central rib on the button is eroded but was comparatively deep (with a surviving depth of 10.8 and a surviving width of 11.1mm). The bow has broken in antiquity beneath the top of the leg, which was of square section (6mm square). The leg appears to have had a midrib in sunken relief, echoing the midrib on the upper bow. The beginning of the catch-plate is evident on the rear of the leg. The corroded surface has a mid, ‘olive’ green patina with the suggestion of a tinned or silvered surface and elsewhere has an active pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-ECA086: BUTTON AND LOOP FASTENER
Roman copper alloy button-and-loop fastener of late 1st or 2nd century date The cast fastener is fragmentary, missing much of the shank, part of the head and is heavily-corroded (with an overall depth of 8.9mm and a weight of 4.9g). The head is now rounded, of sub-square form (16.4mm long, 7.4mm wide and 3.2mm thick). There are remnants of a moulded design on the head, now difficult to interpret but appears to have comprised a diagonal rounded rib, wider at the corners and narrowest at the centre. All other detail has been lost. The shank emerges from adjacent to the edge of the rear and is of sub-circular section (5mm diameter), before the perpendicular turn to the flat sectioned perforated plate, probably originally of sub-triangular form, now damaged (with a surviving length of 12mm, a maximum surviving width of 9.1mm and a thickness of 1.5mm). The surface is corroded and worn with remnants of a dark-brown patina and pale-green elsewhere. The condition of the fastener makes typological identification uncertain, although the form would suggest Wild (1970)[1] Class VI, perhaps VIb. Wild (ibid.) states that Class VIb fasteners are typically a Northern British type and date from the late-Flavian but with the majority recovered from 2nd century contexts. [1] Wild, J.P.; 1970; Button-and-Loop Fasteners in the Roman Provinces; Britannia Volume I; pp 137-146

NMGW-EC8609: PIN
Copper alloy pin of uncertain date, possibly Early Medieval, c. 8th or 9th century The pin is incomplete, missing much of the shaft and is heavily corroded (with a surviving length of 35.4mm and a weight of 8.9g). The pin head is now worn and rounded (19.9mm long and 15.1mm maximum width) but may originally have been of faceted polyhedral form. The pin head was enhanced with circular indentations in a zig-zag arrangement across the midsection of the head. The indentations may have been within an incised ring or possibly infilled with a setting but no trace now survives. At the apex there appears to have been knop, now largely lost. At the base, the head narrows and appears to have had a collar (6mm diameter). The pin shaft is now of sub-rectangular section (2mm – 3mm section) but may have been circular sectioned before the corrosion although it is also possible that the object is an unusual decorative stud. The original surface does not survive and has been stripped to a pale brown corroded surface. The high level of corrosion makes identification difficult, if the suggestion of a collared pin with a polyhedral head and ring-and dot decoration is correct, then it is possible to suggest an Early Medieval date, possibly of 8th or 9th century date.

NMGW-EC639A: CLASP
Medieval copper alloy fitting, probably of 14th century date The cast fitting is possibly a zoomorphic book mount and comprises an open lozenge frame with integral arm terminating in a lug fitting (with an overall length of 46.7mm and a weight of 12.9g). The lozenge frame is vertical sided (with a length of 24.4mm, a width of 23.8mm, a depth of 8.2mm and a thickness of 2.2mm). The rear of the frame is not broken and has no decoration. There is a moulding on the front of the frame, probably the ears of the beast projecting forward. The beast’s head is of subtriangular section (with a maximum width and thickness of 11.5mm and 7.2mm respectively) with a central ridge. The brow is raised with ridged eye mouldings near its base. The snout is concave with a raised moulding at its end, projecting upwards. The terminal comprises a solid D-shaped lug (6.9mm long, 5.2mm high and 2.2mm thick) that is likely to have fitted into a corresponding socket. The underside is flat and is not decorated. The surface has a pale-green corrosion with remnants of a dark-green patina and finishing file-marks evident on the rear of the frame. The form of the fitting is best paralleled in book clasps with a suggested 14th century date and with a number of examples recorded with PAS[1]. This form of book clasp has a socketed attachment end and frequently a link through the perforated terminal lug. Both of these features are not represented on this example. It is possible that the fitting was modified after removal of the socketed terminal. The fitting may have been attached using sheet plates attached to the lozenge frame, as paralleled in the recorded examples. [1] HAMP-C0F9E7, HAMP-D44F32, IOW-6B705B, IOW-7D75B7

NMGW-EC25B9: EWER
Medieval copper alloy ewer spout, probably of 15th century date The cast zoomorphic ewer spout is in the form of a dog’s head with the damaged spout protruding from the open mouth. The spout is otherwise near-complete, with some damage to the attachment end (with an overall length of 63.8mm and a weight of 51.9g) and would have been soldered to the body of the ewer at the curved and convex oval attachment end (with external dimensions: 40.8mm long and 13.8mm wide). The dog has oval ears, drooping at the side of the head, rather than protruding above the head. The pointed-oval eyes are incised and one has a prominent internal groove. The snout is concave and faceted with a central ridge. The brow on top of the dog’s head may also have had a mid-ridge but is now corroded. The neck of the dog is oval-sectioned, with a ridge on the underside and top. The spout is damaged on one side and is sub-circular with near-straight sides (protruding 3.4mm – 6.7mm from the dog’s mouth, with an internal diameter of 6.4mm and 10.3mm external), perhaps slightly truncated. The surface is heavily-pitted and corroded but with a surviving dark -green patina with areas of grey-green corrosion. A similar ewer spout depicting a dog’s head and dated to the 15th century was recovered from the moat of Cardiff Castle (Lewis, 1991)[1]. [1] Lewis, J.M. (1991), Bronze Aquamaniles and Ewers, Finds Research Group 700-1700 Datasheet 7

NMGW-EC109A: BROOCH
Copper alloy penannular ring, possibly a hoop from an Early Medieval penannular brooch The hoop is incomplete, missing one terminal, the pin and is distorted with a stripped surface (with a weight of 6.6g). The surviving terminal has a flattened end (1.6mm thick, 2.7mm wide and 5mm long) before a slight, rounded knop on the outside face (up to 4mm diameter and 1.2mm high). The frame is now distorted (with a width of 40.1mm and a length of 43.0mm) and is circular-sectioned (2.4mm – 3.1mm diameter) with No applied decoration. The damaged end of the hoop is differentially eroded to a point. The original surface has been stripped and is bronze coloured. X-Ray Fluorescence analysis of the metal alloy demonstrated the composition to be a bronze. Metallurgical analysis was conducted on the brooch hoop using X-Ray Fluorescence and indicated that the metal composition is a brass. The lack of a pin or diagnostic features makes any identification uncertain. The hoop was recovered from the vicinity of a penannular brooch[1]. [1] NMWPA 2017.119.3

NMGW-EBFCB6: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy penannular brooch of 5th to 6th century date The brooch is near-complete but with a stripped surface and is distorted (with a weight of 7.5g). The brooch frame has faceted cuboid terminals (7mm long, 4mm wide and 3mm thick). The front of the brooch has a ribbed border before a decorative moulding, before narrowing to the hoop with a curved step (with a length of 6mm and giving a diameter of 2.5mm – 3.0mm). The mouldings are likely to have been zoomorphic, with the beast’s snout protruding over the hoop. Dot indentations on the front of the terminals may suggest applied decoration but the surface loss makes any suggestion uncertain. The rear of the terminals is flat and pitted. The hoop is now oval (with a distorted width of 40.2mm and a maximum length of 37.4mm) and is of circular section (1.4mm – 2.6mm diameter). The pin remains in place and has a bend near its midpoint (with a distorted length of 49.7mm and a straightened length of approximately 53mm). The loop is widened and curved around the frame, closed at the rear (with a width of 5.3mm, an external diameter of 6.8mm and an internal diameter of 2.2mm). The loop is grooved near each edge, helping to define the top of the shaft. The pin shaft is oval sectioned below the loop (2.9mm x 1.8mm) becoming circular sectioned (1.7mm diameter at its midpoint), gradually narrowing to the tip. The original surface has been stripped and is bronze coloured. Metallurgical analysis was conducted on both the brooch hoop and pin using X-Ray Fluorescence and indicated that the metal composition a tin bronze. The brooch can be broadly paralleled with examples recovered from Caerwent, Monmouthshire (Wheeler, 1923, 138)[1] and Lower Bulingham, Herefordshire[2] [1] Wheeler, R. E. M., 1923. ‘Segontium and the Roman Occupation of Wales’, Y Cymmrodor XXXIII [2] Hereford Museum and Art Gallery acc. no. 8437

NMGW-EBDF21: GOUGE
Copper tanged gouge of uncertain date possibly Bronze Age The cast tanged gouge is complete (with a length of 86.2mm and a weight of 24.7g). The tang is pointed at its apex ad below is square to rectangular sectioned, with straight sides gradually diverging towards the blade (reaching a maximum thickness of 5.6mm at the top of the blade, where the gouge has a width of 9.8mm). The sides of the blade are also straight and diverge more markedly to the blade edge. There are no lugs or mouldings on the sides. The blade edge is straight (with a width of 23.4mm and, a depth of 4.2mm). The flute gradually both deepens and widens along the blade (with a length of 37mm). The surface is heavily-corroded and is stripped to the red-brown metal with traces of pale to dark-green patina. Metallurgical analysis was conducted on the gouge using X-Ray Fluorescence and suggested that the metal composition is largely copper. The gouge is of an unusual form and cannot easily be paralleled in Bronze Age metalwork. Gouges generally are of socketed form and date to the Late Bronze Age. Very few tanged gouges are recorded, with one of the few instances in the Carlton Rode (Norwich) hoard[1] of Ewart Park metalworking, although the examples are of significantly different form, being slender and collared. Tanged chisels are easier to parallel and also date to the Late Bronze Age but also generally have a collar or side lugs. Simple ‘chisels’ of similar form have been recovered, including the ‘axe-chisel’ from Llandyfan (Anglesey) associated with an Early Bronze Age Food Vessel urn (Savory 1980, no. 334)[2]. The suggested copper composition would be very unusual for Middle and Late Bronze Age artefacts and if Bronze Age, a Late Bronze Age date may be expected for the gouge. Therefore it is perhaps unlikely that the gouge dates to the Bronze Age but cannot be discounted. [1] NHER Number: 1002 [2] Savory, H.; 1980; A Guide Collection of the Bronze Age Collections; National Museum of Wales

NMGW-5A6000: NAIL CLEANER
Copper alloy looped fitting, possibly a Roman nail cleaner of 1st or 2nd century AD date The fitting appears to be complete but a little distorted (with a length of 50.1mm and a weight of 0.8g). At the apex is a loop with out-turned terminal (4.6mm deep and 3.0mm internal diameter), which contains a central slot around from the terminal to where the loop returns. The slot contains a fragment of circular-sectioned wire abutting the interior of the strip. The strip or shaft below the loop is of consistent rectangular section (2.8mm wide and 0.6mm thick) with no surviving decoration. The shaft terminates in a two-pronged fork (1mm long) with no central groove on either face. The surface has been stripped to a red-brown corrosion with patches of pale-green corrosion discernible. The loop and forked-end occur on simple nail-cleaners of Roman date but the looped shaft would be somewhat unusual and falls outside of Crummy’s (1983)[1] typology for nail-cleaners. Furthermore the slot containing wire suggests the fitting may have been sprung and therefore indicates a different function. The forked end does appear to be deliberate and not broken but the lack of a central groove would be atypical. [1] Crummy, N.; 1983, The Roman Small Finds from excavations in Colchester 1971-9; Colchester Archaeological Report 2

NMGW-5A3DB1: FINGER RING
Post medieval silver finger-ring of mid to late 18th century date The sub-circular finger-ring is complete (with an external diameter of 20.7mm – 21.9mm, an internal diameter of 17.9mm – 18.6mm, a thickness of 1.3mm, a width of 7.5mm and a weight of 5.8g). The hoop has a raised border on both sides flanking a recessed band decorated with triangles composed of pellets in cast relief. The triangles are arranged in alternating orientation with an undecorated area between. There is a neatly soldered join on the band. The surface has a tarnished, silvery-brown patina. The finger-ring dates to the mid or later part of the 18th century[1] and therefore falls outside the scope of the 1997 Treasure Act. [1] Dr Mark Redknap pers. Comm.

NMGW-5A25A8: KNIFE
Prehistoric flint knife, probably of Neolithic date The flint is cortical and has patinated pale brown grey, made on beach pebble flint. The knife is complete made on an oval flake (47.3mm wide, 34.8mm long, 2.1mm thick and weighing 16.3g) which is retouched all along the edge except for the cortex on the dorsal face and also retouched ay the proximal end, to the side of the bulb of percussion on the ventral face. Flaking at the bulb may have been an attempt to thin the flake.

NMGW-5A15AC: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet type and of late 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the head and was comparatively massive (with a surviving length of 32.8mm, a surviving depth of 23.3mm and a weight of 18.3g) and was elaborately decorated. The brooch utilised a spring mechanism, now lost. The spring was secured around a central D-shaped lug (6.5mm high, 13mm long and 3.2mm – 4.2mm thick), perforated to accept a copper alloy axis bar, which is retained in the lug. The rear of the head is slightly dished to accommodate the internal chord. Above the head is an integral plate (14mm long, 12.2mm wide and 5.4mm deep) with a converging moulding at the base. The plate held a circular setting, probably of glass within a circular cell (7.5mm diameter) and secured through a perforation at the rear. The rear of the plate is flat. The trumpet head (19.0mm diameter) narrows to the break at the top of the bow (where the bow has a diameter of 6.6mm). The elaborate decoration on the head includes a border of punched S-marks, which converge at the top of the bow and may have enhanced a midrib, now lost to corrosion on the bow fragment. On the sides of the head and along the bow fragment were opposing C-scrolls, joined at the base in blue enamel. The surface has a dark-green patina with a areas of bright-green corrosion and red-brown surface loss. The Trumpet brooch would have been a comparatively large and elaborately decorated example and can be broadly paralleled with fine brooches of the type, such as the silver trumpet brooch with relief decoration from Carmarthen (Boon & Savory, 1975)[1] or the enamelled brooch from Ogof-yr-Esgyn. This brooch differs in having a solid, integral head-plate, which can be paralleled on a Trumpet brooch from an unstratified context excavated at Carmarthen (Webster, 2003, no 12, p. 297-8)[2], the Carmarthen brooch also has a rounded, perforated recessed cell to take a lost setting. [1] Boon, G.C. & Savory, H.N.; 1975; A Silver Trumpet-Brooch with Relief Decoration, Parcel-Gilt Form from Carmarthen and a note on the Development of the Type; Antiquaries Journal 55 [2] Webster, J.; The Small Finds in James, H.; Roman Carmarthen; Excavations 1978-83; Britannia Monograph No. 20 uity

NMGW-59FD6B: BROOCH
Late Iron Age to Roman copper alloy penannular brooch of Fowler’s (1960)[1] Type D1, of 1st century BC to 4th century AD date The brooch is near-complete missing the pin (with a weight of 3.0g). The ring is sub-circular (28.8mm wide and 26.8mm long) and the frame is of sub-square section near the terminals to circular section near the top (2.0mm diameter). The ring has no applied decoration. The terminals are folded back on themselves (with a return length of 4.5mm and a depth of 4.2mm and 5.0mm) and each terminal is decorated with two transverse grooves. There is a discreet patch of iron corrosion around the frame, possibly indicating an iron pin was used. The surface is pitted with a dark-green patina and some pale-green corrosion. The folded-back terminals, decorated with incised lines define the penannular as of Fowler’s Type D1 (Fowler, 1960, p 152). Fowler states that her Type D brooches become current in the late 1st century BC to early 1st century AD (Fowler, 1960, p 167) but appear to continue through the Roman period and Crummy (1983, p 19) has suggested that there may have been a resurgence of interest in the form during the late Roman period. The brooch can be paralleled with an example published by Hattatt (1987, no. 1289, pp 298)[2] recovered from Lechlade, Gloucestershire. Hattatt states that the type corresponds with Hull’s type P.4 and gives the Lechlade brooch a probable 1st century AD date. [1] Fowler, E., 1960; The Origins and Development of the Penannular Brooch in Europe; Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society XXVI, pp 149-177 [2] Hattatt, R.; 1987; Brooches of Antiquity

NMGW-59B9CB: COIN
Post medieval silver coin Charles I (1625-49) half groat, Aberystwyth (1639-42) Privy mark: Book North 2342

NMGW-59A913: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval copper alloy shield-shaped harness pendant of 13th or 14th century date The shield-shaped pendant is near-complete but heavily-corroded (with an overall length of 39.6mm and a weight of 6.8g). The pendant was hinged to a missing suspension mount by the oval loop at the apex (with a length of 8.8mm high, a depth of 4.6mm and 2.3mm – 3.7mm thick) with a sub-circular perforation, containing the iron corrosion from the hinge pin. The shield-shaped pendant (31.4mm long, 23.5mm wide and 1.0mm – 2.0mm thick) was convex but has been distorted. The heraldic device included a Cross, slightly recessed, possibly for enamel and possibly enhanced with elaborate sides. Corrosion has removed much of the detail in addition to any enamel or gilding on the pendant. The surface been stripped to dark-brown metal with a pale-green patchy corrosion.

NMGW-5957A5: PALSTAVE
Bronze Age bronze early palstave or Early Short-Flanged axe, sharing features with Bar-Stop axes (Stegbeile) as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p.89-90)[1] and of Acton Park 1 metalworking industry, straddling the end of the Early Bronze Age to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age; c. 1600 – 1400BC The axe is near-complete but is heavily-corroded (with a length of 144.5mm and a weight of 321.7g). The butt appears slightly eroded and is of irregular shape (with a width of 20.4mm and a thickness of 4.5mm). The sides are straight and near-parallel as far as the top of the blade, to a point just below where the flanges end (where the axe has a width of 26.4mm). There is no suggestion that there was a side loop but there is the suggestion of possible nicking on the sides where the flanges end, although corrosion has removed any detail. Below the flanges the sides diverge more sharply to produce an expanded blade with a crescentic blade edge (51.3mm wide), damaged on one side. The sides are flat across their thicknesses. The flanges are truncated through corrosion or damage and begin just beneath the butt, rising with a gradual curve to reach a maximum height above the stop (with a maximum surviving height of 23.5mm). The flanges appear comparatively thin (at 2.5mm – 3.7mm thick) and are perpendicular to the septum. The septum is flat across its length and has a gentle concavity across its width (with a thickness of 6.5mm, a length of 57mm and a width of 16mm – 18mm). The ledge stop is perpendicular to the septum (with a height of 11.0mm) and has a slight concavity across its width. There is a casting flaw at the base of the stop on one face. On one face, the stop projects above the blade faces, highest at the centre (5.1mm high) but near level to the blade at the sides and giving the impression of the stop being detached from the flanges. The stop on the other face (with the flaw) is less raised above the face and here the flanges are more damaged, making any distinction poorly defined. There is no shield pattern or midrib now evident below the stop, there is however the suggestion of a D-shaped depression at the top of the blade and it is possible to tentatively suggest an enclosing moulding, where the surface is better preserved on one face. The blade faces are subtly convex across both their lengths and widths with no discernible blade facets but giving a near-rectangular body section. There is a curved ridge evident on both faces (19mm from the blade edge) and is likely to define the position of a blade facet, now lost to corrosion. The original surface has largely been lost but with occasional surviving remnants of dark-brown patina over the pitted, pale-green surface. The axe appears to be somewhat transitional between flanged axes and early palstaves. The prominent bar ledge stop relates to ‘primitive’ palstaves, perhaps of Shield Pattern type, if the suggested shield-pattern decoration is correct. The separation between the stop and flanges, perhaps relates to Early Short Flanged axes and the suggested nicked sides would also be an early feature. The loss of more subtle details of the axe makes precise typological identification difficult. Needham (1996, p 133)[2] and others have argued that there is considerable overlap for ‘final EBA and earliest MBA’ types and this axe form would appear to relate to this overlap. [1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7 [2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

NMGW-5942EB: FLAT AXEHEAD
Early Bronze Age developed flat axe of Needham’s Class 4 but of uncertain sub-type, probably dating to Willerby assemblage (Metalworking Assemblage V), the later part of Needham’s (1996)[1] Period 3 to c. 1900 – 1600BC The axehead is near-complete but has lost all of its surface, except at the blade edge and is a comparatively small axe (with a length of 80.5mm and a weight of 101.8g). The axe is likely to have had a lozengic long profile but the surface loss has eradicated any median bevel. The butt (with a width of 18mm and a thickness of 1.7mm) is straight and angled to one side. The sides are straight and near-parallel, gently divergent, before diverging more sharply at the blade (52mm from the butt, where the axe body has a width of 25.5mm). The blade is now asymmetric, differentially worn or corroded on one side. The blade edge is moderately expanded, producing a curved blade edge (with a surviving blade width of 38.2mm). The flanges appear to have begun just below the butt and probably reached their maximum heights around the midpoint of the axe (with a surviving maximum depth of 11.3mm and a height of 2.1mm), which was likely to have corresponded with the median bevel. The sides are convex across their thicknesses and there is the suggestion of a central ridge. The flanges are likely to have been hammered, rather than cast. The faces are now gently convex across their lengths, with no surviving evidence for a median bevel or for blade facets. The blades also have a gentle convexity across their widths. The surface survives near the blade edge with a dark-brown green patina. Sharpening striations running along the blade are discernible on one face. Elsewhere the surface has been lost and has corroded bright-green. The loss of surface detail makes typological identification difficult. The low flanges indicate a developed form and the straight butt and straight, near-parallel sides, only more divergent at the blade may suggest an axe of Type Bandon, as defined by Schmidt and Burgess (1981, p. 65-8)[2], furthermore, its comparatively small size would seemingly indicate the variant Swinton. [1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140 [2] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7

NMGW-4649EE: ARROWHEAD
Later Neolithic flint chisel arrowhead of c. 2500 – 2100BC date The arrowhead is complete and is bi-facially worked but with more pressure-flaked retouch on the dorsal surface. The arrowhead is widest at the cutting edge with an edge formed from the flaking and has no secondary working. Ripples on the ventral surface indicate that the cutting edge would have been on the side of the flake, thinner side at the distal end. The flint is non-cortical and unpatinated grey-brown. Dimensions: length: 29.6mm; width: 30.7mm; maximum thickness: 5.2mm; weight: 3.2g

NMGW-4619AD: SOCKETED AXEHEAD
Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe fragment of indeterminate type and of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries dated to c. 1,150 – 600BC The fragmentary cast axe is represented by a blade fragment only (with a surviving length of 27.3mm, a blade edge width of 50.6mm, a maximum thickness of 12.3mm and a weight of 44.6g). The base of the socket is evident at break and is rectangular form (38.7mm x 7.0mm and with a maximum surviving depth of 14.6mm). The axe has broken above the blade tips with no surviving blade side remaining on the fragment. The original edge blade edge has been lost and is eroded but has a moderate curved edge (with a surviving depth of 12mm). The surviving blade face fragments are convex across their widths and slightly convex across their short surviving lengths. The surface has remnant patches of a dark-brown patina and elsewhere has a pale green corrosion. The fragmentary nature of the axe makes typological identification indeterminate. The presence of a socket base would imply a Late Bronze Age date for the axe, c. 1,150 – 600BC, probably of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. The fragment is comparatively heavy, possibly suggesting a leaded bronze, consistent with late Bronze Age and particularly Ewart Park metalwork.

NMGW-45E3DD: AXEHEAD
Blade fragment from an axehead of uncertain type and date, probably a Developed Flat Axe of Early Bronze Age date. The axehead is fragmentary and heavily-corroded (with a surviving length of 52.5mm and a weight of 72.7g). The break occurred in antiquity and at the break, the axe body is slender and of sub-rectangular section (with a width of 22.3mm and a thickness of 8.9mm). The sides diverge moderately (for 24mm) before expanding sharply to produce an expanded blade edge (with a width of 50.0mm and an expanded edge length of 17mm). The faces are flat across their widths and also their lengths before a curved blade facet (19mm from the blade edge), positioned at the point where the blade is expanded. The edges of the faces appear to have slight ridges, seemingly the remnant ends of corroded flanges. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with no original surface surviving. But has a mid to bright green corrosion. The probable presence of flanges on the edges of the face would suggest the axehead was of a developed type. The fragmentary condition of the axehead makes further typological identification difficult and speculative. The slender body expanding sharply to a possible recurved blade may suggest an axe of Type Bandon as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p 65-8)[1]. Developed Flat axes relate to Metalworking Assemblages IV -V and date to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 3, dated to c. 2050 – 1700BC. Type Bandon Axes probably relate to the Willerby assemblage (Metalworking Assemblage V) with a proposed date range of c. 1900 – 1600BC. [1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7 [2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

NMGW-45CE91: PALSTAVE
Bronze Age bronze palstave of Group I, Primary Shield Pattern type as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981)[1] and of Acton Park 1 metalworking Industry corresponding to Needham’s (1996)[2] Period 4 and probably dated to c. 1600 – 1450BC The palstave is near-complete, missing the top of the flanges and with some surface damage (with an overall length of 157mm and a weight of 316.0g). The butt (with a width of 24.0mm and a thickness of 5.0mm) is straight and is slightly angled. The sides are straight and near-parallel to a point below the stop (with a width at the stop of 26.2mm, where the axe has a depth of 31.6mm). Below the stop (13mm below) both sides have a transverse rib or nicked-sides. The sides are moderately divergent beneath the nicks, producing a comparatively narrow and unexpanded blade edge (with a blade width of 52.0mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides but have been neatly finished. The flanges rise from the butt and have a straight top edge, the tops are now truncated but probably reached their maximum heights above the stop (16mm above the stop and with a maximum surviving height of 29.7mm). The septum is flat and is near-perpendicular to the flanges and stops (with heights of 11.4mm and 12.9mm). The stops have a slight curve across their width and are very slightly under-cut. The stops are also raised above the faces (with a height of 8.6mm and a thickness of 4.0mm - 6.8mm). The flanges extend onto the faces (for 20mm), before converging together as a shield moulding, enclosing a shallow depression. Both faces also have a midrib beginning below the stop and forming a trident decoration with the shield. The faces have a sub-rectangular section but slightly convex and with a midrib. There is no obvious blade facet on the unexpanded edge. The surface has a dark-brown patina, which has laminated to a mid-brown surface above a green-brown surface. This palstave does not closely correspond with the two subtypes proposed by Schmidt and Burgess (1981) but is closer to their Type Acton Park but is considerably smaller than most palstaves of the type and also has a trident decoration, rather than a shield. [1] Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7 [2] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

NMGW-457F5C: FLAT AXEHEAD
Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe of uncertain type, probably an axe-blank perhaps related to Type Migdale, c. 2,100 -1900BC The cast flat axe is incomplete somewhat truncated and with considerable peripheral damage (with a maximum surviving length of 141.3mm and a weight of 356.0g) and has no developed features, comprising a sub-triangular bronze slab. The damaged butt is narrow and arched (with a width of 20mm and a thickness of 5.2mm). The sides are somewhat damaged but appear to be near-straight and divergent or gently concave, before widening more sharply near the blade (with a surviving blade edge width of 64.2mm and a thickness of 6.1mm) but not expanded. The straight blade does not have an edge and it is unclear whether the edge is truncated or was unworked. Both faces are flat (10.6mm 50mm from the blade end), although one face more so and suggests it was in contact with the mould during casting. The original surface has been lost and the surface is heavily-pitted and has a bright-green and light-brown corrosion. Damage at the sides (54mm) from the butt exposes a lamination running along the axe and evident from both sides and probably the result of the casting process. The axe has few diagnostic or developed features and has lost most of the edges, making any identification uncertain. The ‘as-cast’ face suggests that the axe is unworked and therefore may be interpreted as an axe blank. The general form with narrow butt and broad blade is perhaps closer to Migdale axe forms and suggests a contemporary date Visual analysis suggests the metal is a bronze, rather than copper but it has not been possible to scientifically test the alloy. If possible, analysis later may provide further evidence for the date of the axe.

NMGW-455AE4: DIRK
Butt fragment from a Bronze Age blade, possibly a rapier or dirk, and possibly dating to c. 1600 – 1300BC The blade is fragmentary, represented by the incomplete butt and top of the blade (with a surviving length of 61.5mm and a weight of 40.0g). The butt is of irregular trapezoidal form and is thinnest at the end (with a maximum width of 45.6mm and a minimum thickness of 2.3mm). There are no obvious rivet holes surviving on the butt although a slight recess near the centre of the top edge may possibly be the remnants of a rivet hole. A central ridge is evident just before the end of the butt and develops as a prominent mid-ridge on the top of the blade. The butt is asymmetric, with three edges on one side and two on the other, although the maximum width of the butt from the central ridge is consistent on both sides. The butt both narrows and thickens to the top of the blade (with a width of 31mm and a thickness of 4.9mm). The blade narrows further towards the break (to 24.0mm wide and 5.2mm thick). The prominent mid-ridge along the blade creates a lozengic blade section. The blade edges have been lost on both sides. There are a number of striations running at different angles off the edges of the butt that appear to be preserved beneath the patina and are discernible on both faces. The surface has a dark-brown patina with areas of grey-green surface loss and bright-green corrosion. The fragmentary state of the blade and loss of diagnostic features makes identification difficult. The trapezoidal butt form and prominent mid-ridge on the blade may tentatively suggest a Group II – III blade but the lack of rivet holes further complicates any identification. The butt is comparatively substantial, possibly suggesting a larger weapon, perhaps a Group III rapier ‘with damaged butt’. If the suggestion of a Group II – III blade is correct, then the weapon is likely to relate to Acton Park to Taunton metalworking, dating to c. 1600 – 1300BC.

NMGW-44E6F1: SPEARHEAD
Copper alloy socketed fitting of uncertain function and date, possibly Bronze Age The fitting is cast and is fragmentary broken in antiquity at one end (with a surviving length of 39.5mm and a weight of 38.6g). The mouth is irregular and sub-circular (with an internal diameter of 15mm – 18mm and a maximum thickness of 3.2mm) before a bulbous collar (with a maximum diameter of 26.3mm). The fitting gradually narrows before being near-parallel sided, gently convergent to the break (with a diameter of 16mm – 177mm). Immediately beneath the break are integral lugs now truncated (8mm -9mm long, 4mm thick with a surviving height of 2.3mm). The lugs had a circular perforation, suggesting both may have been loops. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with a dark, olive-green patina and areas of pale-green surface loss. Where the surface survives, beneath the loops, there are irregular striations from finishing. The identification and date of the object is uncertain. The looped lugs on opposite sides of a socket is similar to socketed spearheads of Early to Middle Bronze Age date, of Davis’ (2012) Group 2 – 7 of Arreton, Acton Park and Taunton Metalworking, corresponding with Needham’s (1996)[1] Periods 4 -5, and dated to c. 1700 – 1200BC. However a bulbous mouth on a socketed spearhead would be very unusual and is difficult to parallel. Additionally, the narrow looped lugs with thin circular perforations would by unusual. [1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

NMGW-449E7D: AXEHEAD
Blade fragment from a Bronze Age axehead of uncertain type, probably of Early Bronze Age date, c. 2000 – 1500BC The cast axehead is fragmentary, represented by the blade and is comparatively small (with a surviving length of 32.3mm and a weight of 18.2g).The body is rectangular-sectioned at the break (with a width of 17.8mm and a thickness of 5.1mm) and the sides are straight and moderately divergent, before diverging more sharply to the expanded blade edge, now worn (with a blade width of 26.6mm). The sides are heavily-corroded and pitted but there is the suggestion of a casting seam evident on both sides. The faces are largely flat, before converging to the blade edge with a discernible blade facet (7mm from the blade edge). There is a slight bend across the length of the blade, suggesting the axe was bent prior to breaking. The corroded and pitted surface has a dark-green patina with areas of bright-green surface loss. The small and corroded blade fragment is difficult to identify in relation to typological features. The form is perhaps best paralleled with Early Bronze Age flat axes or Developed axe types and the narrow straight sided form and with a blade facet is suggestive of Developed types. The diminutive size may suggest an ‘axe-chisel’. Flat and Developed axe types are associated with Metalworking Assemblages II – VI, corresponding with Needham’s (1996)[1] later Period 2 –to Period 4 but Developed types are of Periods 3-4, c. 2000 – 1500BC [1] Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age, Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

NMGW-346C2E: UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT
Copper alloy socketed and looped fitting of uncertain date The cast fitting appears to be near-complete but corroded and worn (with a length of 32.8mm and a weight of 15.4g) and is comparatively crude casting. The socket interior is of trilobed form (13mm both wide and long and 13mm – 17mm deep), open at both ends and with a break at the rear. There are decorative mouldings on the outside of the socket, comprising opposing arcs on the concave edges, with one face deeper than the other. There is an integral loop (12mm long, 4.5mm -6.8mm thick with an internal diameter of 7.6mm) on one side, now open at the far end, possibly corroded and worn. The surface is heavily-corroded with a pale to mid-green patina. The identification and date of the fitting is uncertain, it may possibly be a part of a harness or bridle of medieval date, although it is difficult to closely parallel.

NMGW-345D0B: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval copper alloy harness pendant of late 13th to early 14th century date The cast and enamelled harness pendant is shield-shaped and near-complete, missing the suspension mount and top of the loop but is heavily-corroded (with a surviving overall length of 38.3mm and a weight of 7.0g). The suspension loop has been truncated through corrosion (with a surviving length of 9.7mm and a surviving depth of 4.8mm). The shield-shaped pendant (with a length of 29.3mm and a maximum width of 23.7mm) is heraldic with an enamelled device, now largely corroded. The shield has five or six horizontal raised ribs or bars and six red enamelled (gules) standing birds (close), possibly martlets around the border. The enamel from between the bars has been lost but microscopic analysis was able to confirm the presence of remnant blue enamel. There is also the suggestion of green discolouration although this is likely to be the result of copper alloy corrosion product. The surface is heavily corroded with a dark-brown corroded surface. Although the surrounding enamel has largely been lost, it is very likely that the Heraldry was associated with the arms of Aymer de Valence, Second Earl of Pembroke (c. 1275 – 23 June 1324): barry of twelve argent and azure, border of six martlets gules.

NMGW-342386: PALSTAVE
Middle to Late Bronze Age bronze palstave fragment of indeterminate type The cast looped palstave fragment has lost the blade, butt and loop and is represented by the stop fragment (with a surviving length of 46.6mm and a weight of 106.4g). The sides of the palstave are straight for their short lengths, either side of the breaks. The butt end is sub-rectangular sectioned at the break (17.8mm x 12.2mm), slightly concave across the width of the septum and has lost the flanges. One side has a prominent raised stub (giving a maximum surviving width of 26.4mm) from the remains of the loop. The stops are truncated slightly (with a height above the septum of 5 -6mm and a thickness of 24.0mm) and are straight and vertical. The top of the stops are bevelled to the blade, which is of sub-rectangular section at the break (20.9mm x 15.4mm), with convex faces, across their widths. There is the suggestion of ribs at the top of the blade faces but now lost to corrosion. Both breaks occurred in antiquity and the position of the breaks may suggest deliberate damage to the palstave. The surface is worn and corroded with a dark-green patina and areas of pale-green corrosion. The fragmentary state of the palstave makes typological identification indeterminate but the slender form with a loop would suggest Low Flanged. Transitional or Late Palstaves of Taunton, Penard, Wilburton-Wallington or Ewart Park metalworking, dated to c. 1400 – 750BC.

NMGW-33F8AD: AMPULLA
Medieval lead ampulla of 14th to 16th century date The ampulla is fragmentary, represented by basal body section. The obverse face appears to have been convex and was decorated with a compass-drawn floral device, with one of the petals or leaves survives and approximately half of a second. The leaves contain a central midrib and probably flanking diagonal ribs but is the now heavily-worn. The area outside of the leaves is enhanced with crosshatching. The reverse face is now concave, probably as a result of damage. Cross-hatching is evident near the edges and the central device is incomplete, heavily-worn and damaged, however it is possible to suggest a curving arc, possibly the lower part of a letter ‘S’. Otherwise details on the ampulla are indeterminate. Dimensions: surviving length: 18.1mm; surviving width: 26.7mm; maximum surviving thickness: 6.7mm; weight: 9.2g

NMGW-33DAF7: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval lead seal matrix of 13th or 14th century date The cast seal is of pointed oval form and is incomplete, missing some of the edge and the rear-loop (with a surviving length of 28.6mm, a surviving width of 17.5mm, a thickness of 3.4mm and a weight of 8.1g). The loop at the rear of the matrix is placed comparatively low beneath the apex (7mm below) and is damaged, missing the top of the loop (with a length of 10.5mm, a width of 5.1mm, surviving height of 4.2mm, an internal diameter of 3.2mm and giving the matrix a maximum surviving depth of 7.8mm). The seal die has a central device comprising three pairs of vertical lines, interrupted by two horizontal oval knops, representing a stylise fleur-de-lys. The encircling legend is only partially preserved and now difficult to read possibly: * S’ SVS[ ]IVEINIE The missing letters of the name make interpretation difficult and uncertain. The surface is corroded, worn and cracked

NMGW-31DE9D: MOUNT
Medieval Copper alloy hinged mount of c. 13th -15th century date The mount is of rectangular form and is missing the hinged component (56.3mm long, 12.8mm wide, 1.7mm thick and weighing 8.1g). The hinge is formed by folding the sheet plate, with an iron axis bar (5.0mm deep) and slot to accommodate the corresponding part of the hinge. A separate dome-headed rivet secured the end of the folded hinge and protrudes further, probably a fixing to secure the mount (6.6mm long). The sides of mount are now slightly concave, probably from corrosion and wear. The mount terminal is perforated (3.5mm diameter) for another fixing, now lost. The mount was divided into four decorative zones by transverse grooves but corrosion has masked any other decorative detail. The surface is heavily corroded and pitted with a dark-green patina and traces of gilding surviving. The hinged mount may have decorated a small box or possibly a book.

NMGW-31ADEA: LID
Roman enamelled copper alloy vessel lid, probably of 2nd or 3rd century AD date The lid is of two-piece construction comprising a basal circular disc and elaborately enamelled funnel-shaped upper part, now crushed and distorted (with a diameter of 54.1mm, a distorted height of 20.4mm and a weight of 46.5g). The domed, upper part has a gilded flat rim border (2.2mm wide and 1.0mm thick) enhanced with a simple repeating floral design comprising a ring of punched dots, each with a central dot. The near-vertical base of the domed lid is also similarly decorated, before a repeating band of a gilt U-shaped motif, flanked by dark-blue enamel. The decoration on the lid comprises a six-petalled floral device, defined by gilded strips and enhanced with punched rings of dots and flanked by a curtain of red enamel, now largely lost. Between the petals were arc of dark-blue enamel. Within each petal is a further floral device of five petals above a basal bifurcating stalk all gilded and enhanced with punched dots and surrounded by pale, turquoise blue enamel and green enamel at the centre. The six petals were of droplet form, narrowing to the apex of the lid, which has a central perforation (5mm diameter), likely to have held a terminal. The underside of the lid comprises a concave and gilded disc but otherwise undecorated. There is a central perforation (1.5mm diameter) perhaps to secure the terminal at the apex. The The lid is unusual and difficult to closely parallel but may be from a small elaborate circular vessel or cup. The decoration is comparatively intricate with enamel in four colours and is gilded elsewhere, the style of decoration may be seen as highly-Romanised without any ’native’ influence.

NMGW-3144A3: VESSEL
Late Iron Age to Roman copper alloy anthropomorphic vessel escutcheon, handle mount probably from a bucket and of 1st Century BC to 3rd century AD date The cast looped mount is near complete but heavily corroded (with an overall length of 58.5mm and a weight of 40.0g). At the apex is an integral loop of sub-circular section (l6.7mm high, 16.3mm wide, 9.3mm internal diameter and 2.9mm – 5.4mm sectional diameter). The interior of the loop has wear facets discernible on the upper part of the loop interior, presumably the result of rubbing from the missing handle. Beneath the loop at the rear is an integral hook, now truncated (giving an overall maximum depth of 22.2mm), that would have abutted the rim of the vessel and the interior of which gives the thickness of the rim (at 5.5mm. The mount is of three-dimensional, sub-oval form ((33mm long, 19.0mm wide, 14.5mm deep and 3mm -8mm thick) and depicts a human face. Corrosion masks much of the finer detail but there is the suggestion of a brow ridge over the eye and the eyes are now defined by small circular depressions (1.7mm and 2.3mm deep and 2.0mm diameter), which are likely to have held small glass beads, possibly blue glass. The triangular nose, now truncated is defined by adjacent faceting. The mouth is a circular perforation (2mm diameter) and is likely to have held a decorative fitting, possibly a glass bead or a stud, that may also have helped attach the mount to the vessel. A grooved curve at the base of the head defines the top of the neck. Below the head is a projecting knop (9mm long, 5mm wide and 4mm thick) of D-shaped section with no surviving decoration. The rear of the mount has a triangular hollow (21mm long, 12mm wide and 6.3mm deep). The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted, with a green-brown patina where the surface survives. The mount is likely to be one of a pair attached to the upper part of a vessel, to secure a handle and can be broadly paralleled with an example recorded with PAS and recovered from Weedon, Buckinghamshire[1]. The Weedon mount may be regarded as more Romanised in style than this mount and has blue glass beads surviving within the eyes but is without the handle loop. [1] LON-43C5D4 (https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/537314)

NMGW-AB87A1: AMPULLA
A complete cast lead ampulla of medieval date, likely 13th to 15th century. The ampulla has 22.5mm long neck with poorly cast and damaged suspension loops and is hollow to a depth of 24.5mm. There is a “flap” of lead attached to one side of the top the neck, possibly the remains of a cap. The body of the ampulla is expanded to the sides and decorated on one face with deep curving lines to form the appearance of a scallop shell. The reverse side is flattened and apparently undecorated, although this may be due to post-depositional damage obscuring any decoration. Circumferential flashing from the casting process is visible, and the ampulla’s body is solid. The lack of decoration makes this ampulla hard to closely date and identify, as while scallop shells are most closely associated with Santiago de Compostela, they became a generalised symbol of pilgrimage later in the medieval period. The nearest major pilgrimage site to the object’s findspot would be St Davids. The size and weight of this ampulla is either indicative of it being an unusual type of ampulla or a manufacturing error. SWYOR-8D69AB is an example on the database of similar size and weight, but different form.

NMGW-F2303D: COIN
A silver Roman denarius of Augustus (27 BC - AD 14), dating to the period 11-10 BC (Reece Period 1). Obverse: AVGVSTVS DIVI F, Laureate-head right. Reverse: IMP XII, Bull butting right. Mint of Lugdunum. RIC I (second edition) Augustus 187A.

NMGW-481D23: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval lead seal matrix of 13th or 14th century date The seal matrix is near-complete but worn and corroded of circular form with a domed rear (with a diameter of 20.3mm – 21.2mm, a thickness of 5.0mm and a weight of 11.4g). There is a perforated sub-triangular lug on the rear (11.8mm long, 4.5mm high, 2.9mm thick and giving an overall depth of 8.3mm) for the loop. The seal die is heavily-worn and difficult to interpret but appears to have been crudely incised. The central device comprises a cross but is possibly a simple stylised bird. The encircling legend has largely been removed but it is possible to suggest: + S’ WILLI [ ] Seal of William The damage to the latter bard of the inscription may have ben deliberate to remove the name and put the seal out of use.

NMGW-6D3828: HOOKED TAG
Description: Silver gilt dress-hook with a rectangular-shaped back-plate cut from a sheet and the suggestion of cusping around the now broken edge. It has a small rectangular perforation for attachment to clothing, and the stub of a separate hook and bar loop (now missing) is soldered to the back. Attached to the front of the plate by solder is a hollow silver gilt box with three panels, each decorated with four hollow hemispherical bosses (upper examples now squashed), surrounded by fine filigree and pellets; cable twisted rods demarcate the panel edges. There is a cast fleur-de-lys concealing the soldered junction of the hook with the base. The back of the baseplate is scratched with what may be an ‘X’, if not random, a possible maker’s mark. Gilding does not extend along the full length to the hook. Overall length 35.3mm; maximum width 15.9mm one end, 17.1 other end; maximum height 8.1mm; slot in backplate 9.6 x 4.6mm; backplate thickness 0.6mm; weight 7.42g. Summary and conclusions: The box form of this decorative dress-hook is closely paralleled by an example from Cranbrook, Kent (TAR 2003, no. 234), and similar forms from Wanborough, Wiltshire (TAR 2000, no. 183), Chelsham Court Farm, Chelsham, Surrey (Gaimster et al 2002, 166 no. 8), and Arreton, Isle of Wight (TAR 2005-6, no. 656). Documentary evidence indicates that these items were popular in the sixteenth century (the latest reference in an inventory being dated 1598; Gaimster et al 2002, 184). A close parallel from Wales is provided by a silver dress-hook from Llanfair, Vale of Glamorgan, which had a hollow silver gilt box with three panels, each decorated with a pair of hollow hemispherical bosses, surrounded by fine filigree and plain rods demarcating panels. It also had a cast fleur-de-lys above the pin and the junction with the base, and there are pellets between the bosses (Treasure Case 2011.08). Like the Pembrokeshire example, the back of its baseplate is engraved with an ‘X’ or ‘V’ and a ‘ω’, presumably maker’s marks.

NMGW-6B5862: SPOON
Description: The object is a silver spoon, now in two parts, comprising a bent handle junction with bowl, and the remaining bowl, folded twice. The stem is hexagonal at the base, becoming circular in cross-section mid-way along the shaft up to the simple devolved conical ‘diamond knop’ terminal with a small transverse moulding at the junction with the stem. The underside of the bowl at the junction with the handle bears what appears to be a quincunx motif (aka ‘cross-in-square’), but which can be interpreted as an equal armed cross with central boss within a square (a variation on the encircled cross). The handle has a hexagonal cross-section, and there are facets on the ‘diamond knop’. There are also traces of gilding on the knop. The overall length (straight) is about 92.6mm; maximum width of handle stem at junction with bowl 4.7 x 3.3mm; minimum bowl thickness 0.25mm; weight 14.19g. Summary and conclusions: In terms of size and form, the spoon is of fifteenth-century date. It is closely paralleled by another found in Pembroke Community in 2015 (Treasure Case 15.37). This bore engraved cross-crosslet in the position of the Nevern motif, suggests an ecclesiastical or monastic association/ownership mark. Similar crosses occur on pottery from abbeys and friaries, such as Vale ware glazed jugs from Cardiff Blackfriars (Lewis 1978, 7 no. 5) and the Bishop’s Palace, Llandaff (on wasters). For a similar type, of higher quality manufacture, dated c. 1450 see Emery 1976, fig. 47, right. Examples from London of the same pointed oval bowl form, stem and knop have been found in contexts dated c. 1350-1450 (Egan 1998, nos 762, 763, 765, 770). A similar medieval spoon reported from Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire, had ‘crude scratchers’ thought to represent crude ownership marks (TAR 2003, no. 216). The Nevern Community spoon is also similar in form to five late fourteenth-century spoons found at Abberley, Worcestershire (British Museum BM reg. no. 1965,0705,1-5). One is lightly scratched at junction of stem and bowl with a shield divided saltire-wise. Another close parallel is a lead spoon from the site of the London Millennium Bridge, dated to the late fifteenth century (Ayre and Wroe-Brown 2002, fig. 66).

NMGW-99AC0A: ARM BAND
Circumstances and context of discovery The arm-ring fragment was found with the aid of a metal detector on a ploughed field, at a depth of about 3" (10cm), about 10-15 feet(5m) from the previously reported arm-ring 16.34.[i] The land is occupied by Mr Andrew Morgan and owned by Mr H. Harrison-Allen (full details of their addresses and full national grid co-ordinates for the findspot are provided on the Treasure Receipt Form). Description The silver object is a flat fragment of penannular arm-ring terminal of Hiberno-Viking type. It has the form of a broad flat band of silver of rectangular cross-section, and is decorated on the external face by a chevron made from a bar stamp with plain centre between serrated edges, between transverse impressions of the same punch. The arm-ring tapers to a rounded end. The fractured edge has broken along one of the transverse punched impressions. The arm-ring now measures a maximum of 22mm in length, with a maximum width of 10mm, tapering to 7.9mm, and thickness of 2mm. Weight 3.43g. Summary and conclusions The form of the arm-ring, having been hammered (forged) from a silver ingot into a flat expanded band tapering either side of a central expansion, establishes that this is a rare example of Viking-age silver jewellery and portable wealth found in south Wales. The arm-ring belongs to a style dated by analogy with other plain examples to the late ninth/early tenth century: similar undecorated examples occur in the silver arm-ring Huxley hoard, Cheshire, the majority of which are thought to have been made between about AD 880 and AD 930 (Graham-Campbell and Sheehan 2009, fig. 6.3, nos 17-20). These complete arm-rings range in weight from 51.4g to 53.8g (corresponding approximately with the so-called 'Dublin' oz) and 83.1g. Their lengths are around 190+mm, suggesting that the Jeffreyston arm-ring is missing at least 120mm of its original length, or at least 2/3 of its original weight, which would then have been over 44+g. As much weight depended on the form and thickness of the missing central expansion, this suggests that, like the Huxley examples, it may have been targeting a weight in the vicinity of the 'Dublin' oz. Arm-rings of broad-band type occur as parts of coin-dated hoards, six from Britain, their chronological focus lying in the 870s, and in coin-dated deposits from the first decade of the tenth century. Plain silver broad-band arm-rings and fragments have been catalogued from the Cuerdale hoard, deposited c. 905-10 (Graham-Campbell 2011, plates 28, 29). Similar stamped decoration occurs on an unprovenaced Scottish Hiberno-Viking hoard in the British Museum (BML&LA 51,7-15,8 & 9; Graham-Campbell 1995, cat no. 21, 105-7). It has been suggested that the Hiberno-Scandinavian broad-band arm-rings which largely constitute the Huxley hoard, were still flat (unfinished) when they were hammered into half for storage or concealment. Similarly there is no evidence for curvature on the Jeffreyston arm-ring, which is now flat, and it remains unclear whether the band ever had the penannular form of a completed arm-ring. As with the two previously found Viking arm-ring fragments found in the same field, the circumstance of loss and context for this item deserves further consideration. In March 2013 Mr Trevor Davies found a decorated arm-ring fragment (Treasure Case no. 13.07) a short distance from the findspot of the plain arm-ring discovered later in 2016 (Treasure case no. 16.34). Both arm-rings have identical forms, are of the same date and there is a high probability that they originally formed part of a Viking-age hoard which has been disturbed. Other Viking-age finds are known from Pembrokeshire, and include a ringed pin from a site near St Davids, decorated lead merchant's weights from Freshwater West and a site between Robeston West and Walwyn's Castle and a sword pommel from a site near Pembroke (for weights see Redknap 2009, 38-39). Given these finds and the Scandinavian place-name evidence from Pembrokeshire, his new find amplifies this activity and the importance of Milford Haven (from ON melr, fjörðr) in the Scandinavian world view. [i] The previously discovered plain arm-ring (16.34) was described as lying just below the surface, about 15-20 feet from the findspot of 13.07, at the side of the field, about 8-10 feet from the hedge, after ploughing. The first fragment of arm-ring (13.07) was found when field was in grass/pasture (had been for at least 5 years).

NMGW-8490F6: ARM BAND
The silver object is a flattened fragment of penannular arm-ring of Hiberno-Viking type, now in two conjoining pieces. It has the form of a broad flat band of silver of rectangular cross-section, and in plan. The expanded mid-portion of the arm-ring is near the mid-point of the original arm-ring, and tapers to a narrow, fractured end. The production and flattening process has left multiple transverse stress fractures on the outer face of the arm-ring. The form of the arm-ring, having been hammered (forged) from a silver ingot into a flat expanded band tapering either side of a central expansion, establishes that this is a rare example of Viking-age silver jewellery and portable wealth found in south Wales. The arm-ring belongs to a style dated by analogy with other plain examples to the late ninth/early tenth century: similar undecorated examples occur in the silver arm-ring Huxley hoard, Cheshire, the majority of which are thought to have been made between about AD 880 and AD 930 (Graham-Campbell and Sheehan 2009, fig. 6.3, nos. 17-20). These complete arm-rings range in weight from 51.4g to 53.8g (corresponding approximately with the so-called 'Dublin'oz) and 83.1g. Their lengths are around 190+mm, suggesting that the Jeffreyston arm-ring is missing at least 120mm on its original length, or at least 2/3 of its original weight, which would then have been over 44+g. As much weight depended on the form and thickness of the missing central expansion, this suggests that, like the Huxley examples, it may have been targeting a weight in the vicinity of the 'Dublin' oz. Arm-rings of broad-band type occur as parts of coin-dated hoards, six from Britain, their chronological focus lying in the 870s, and in coin-dated deposits from the first decade of the tenth century. Plain silver broad-band arm-rings and fragments have been catalogued from the Cuerdale hoard, deposited c. 905-10 (Graham-Campbell 2011, plates 28, 29). It has been suggested that the Hiberno-Scandinavian broad-band arm-rings which largely constitute the Huxley hoard were still flat (unfinished) when they were hammered into half for storage or concealment. Similarly there is no evidence for curvature on the Jeffreyston arm-ring, which is now flat, and it remains unclear whether the band ever had the penannular form of a completed arm-ring. The circumstance of loss and context for this item deserves further consideration. In March 2013 Mr Trevor Davies found a decorated arm-ring fragment (Treasure Case 13.07) about one metre away from the 2016 find-spot. This earlier find had initially been reported from the centre of the field, but it has been established that it originally came from the same find-spot as Treasure Case 16.34. Both arm-rings have identical forms, are of the same date and there is a high probability that they originally formed part of a Viking-age hoard which has been disturbed. A further arm-ring fragment found in 2017 (Treasure Case 17.21) confirms the presence of a scattered hoard (a report on this new find is in preparation). Other Viking-age finds are known from Pembrokeshire, and include a ringed pin from a site near St Davids, decorated lead merchant's weights from Freshwater West and a site between Robeston West and Walwyn's Castle and a sword pommel from a site near Pembroke (for weights see Redknap 2009, 38-39). Given these finds and the Scandinavian place-name evidence from Pembrokeshire, his new find amplifies this activity and the importance of Milford Haven (from ON melr, fjörðr) in the Scandinavian world view.

NMGW-31FB99: SCABBARD
Description The reported object is a silver chape from a scabbard of a narrow-bladed weapon. It is formed of thin sheet metal, bent into a narrow tubular profile which tapers to a rounded tip. There is a vertical seam along one edge, which has split almost the entire length of the chape. The opening is engrailed or scalloped, the apices of which bend inwards slightly and are slightly damage. Beneath the scalloped edges are a series of horizontal bands and the main body of the chape is plain. There is a small stamp just below the scalloped edge on one side, which is worn and difficult to observe. The hollow of the chape is filled with soil and possible organic residue. Length 57.7 mm Max. external width: 11.6 mm (at opening) Min. width: 6.4 mm (base) Depth (at opening) 6.9 mm Weight: 6.3g (includes fill of soil/organic) The chape is of simple design, displaying few distinctive features to assign it to a narrowly dateable form. Judging from the length and narrow form, it is most likely from a scabbard of a narrow-bladed weapon commonly used in the late 16th to 17th century (e.g.rapier). Examples bearing similar features to the Camrose chape such as a plain body, horizontal bands and a scalloped edge at the opening are recorded through the Portable Antiquities Scheme, such as a copper alloy example of 17th/ 18th century date found on the Thames Foreshore (PAS number LON-992504) and one in East Lindsay, Lincolnshire (DUR-917B22), of mid-fifteenth to 16th century date. A copper alloy example attributed to the 14th century found at Tower Hamlets, London (PAS number LON-6B44F5) bears the most striking resemblance to the Camrose example of those observed. It has not been possible to confidently interpret the small stamp above the horizontal bands. It is a probable makers stamp, bearing a possible monogram of the letters 'WM' interwoven (or an interwoven linear design) and set within a sub-rectangular frame. The stamp was faintly applied post-manufacture and has since suffered a degree of wear which makes its interpretation and identification uncertain. An examination of the hollow fill under a 20x binocular microscope suggests it is likely to be soil, with possible organic residues although this cannot be confirmed without removing and examining the fill more closely. References Proctor, L (2015) DUR-917B22: A POST MEDIEVAL CHAPE Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/660784 Sumnall, K (2008) LON-992504: A POST MEDIEVAL SWORD Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/226838 Sumnall, K (2013) LON-6B44F5: A MEDIEVAL SCABBARD Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/554921 Few of the parallels mentioned above, on the balance of probability the chape is of a date before 1700.

NMGW-598461: COIN
Medieval silver coin Edward I (1272-1307) penny, London Class 9 (c. 1299-1301) 1.21g, corroded and incomplete

NMGW-596052: COIN
A silver Roman denarius of Hadrian (AD 117-138), dating to AD 134-138 (Reece Period 6). PIETAS AVG reverse type, depicting Pietas, draped, standing front, head left, holding up both hands in prayer; altar left. Mint of Rome. RIC II Hadrian 257. 2.96g, corroded

NMGW-57C5DC: BROOCH
Copper alloy fragment, probably from a bow brooch of indeterminate type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The fragment appears to be a comparatively small button from the mid-bow of a brooch (with a surviving length of 12.7mm, a surviving depth of 7.1mm, a width of 6.5mm and a weight of 1.3g). The button is corroded and appears to be of disc or possibly acanthus form and does not continue onto the rear of the bow. The button was flanked on each side with grooves. It is unclear which side was the upper bow and which was the leg and there is no surviving evidence for the beginning of the catch-plate on the rear. The bow or leg were of D-shaped or oval section. The surface is preserved on the rear with a dark-green patina and elsewhere has corroded pale-green.

NMGW-57A3FD: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, probably of Polden Hill / T-shaped type and of 1st or 2nd century AD date The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the incomplete head only (with a surviving length of 12.5mm, a surviving depth of 8.7mm and a weight of 2.4g). The missing spring was probably secured between lateral, perforated lugs, although the truncated wings now survive as a single stub (with a surviving width of 16.0mm). The head is now heavily-corroded and globular with no surviving decoration discernible. The very top of the bow survives as a stub of oval-section (1.9mm long, 2.7mm wide and 2.5mm thick). The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted with a pale-green patina.

NMGW-578950: SPOON
Roman copper alloy spoon The cast spoon is fragmentary, represented by the proximal part of the bowl and a stub of the stem (with a surviving length of 21.6mm and a weight of 3.6g). The remaining stem fragment is perpendicular to the bowl indicating that the handle was off-set and is of sub-circular section (4.2mm diameter and giving an overall surviving height of 9.0mm). The sides of the bowl are gently convex and divergent to the break, across the bowl (with a maximum surviving width of 19.0mm, where it has a depth of 3.6mm and a thickness of 1.3mm). The rim or edges of the bowl have been slightly damaged and truncated. There is no decoration evident on the spoon fragment. The surface has a mid-green patina with areas of pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-575E12: HARNESS FITTING
Iron Age copper alloy terret fragment of indeterminate type and probably of 2nd century BC to 1st century AD date The cast fragmentary terret is heavily-corroded and represented by the bar and basal part of the hoop or ring in two fragments and is a comparatively large example (with a surviving length of 92.6mm and a weight of 38.6g (33.6g & 5.0g)). The bar is of trapezoidal section with bevelled sides (with a length of 57.7mm, a width of 7.4mm - 12.8mm and a thickness 5.6mm). The bar is distorted and torn near its centre. The terminals or collars are oval sectioned and one collar is smaller than the other (12.5mm x 10.1mm & 10.5mm x 9.1mm and 5.0mm long). The larger collar has a decorative grooved border on the inside edge, not evident on the outside edge or on the smaller terminal, even though some of the surface survives and is possible worn. Both collars extend on to the underside of the terret. The ring is of sub-oval section, wider near the collars (with a maximum width and thickness of 8.6mm and 6.8mm respectively) and narrows towards the break. The inside face of the longer surviving part of the ring is flattened, possibly the result of wear from straps. There was a decorative rib on the outside of the ring, defined by flanking grooves but now corroded. There is the suggestion the rib may have been enhanced with notches. No other decoration is evident on the terret fragment. The surface is worn, corroded and heavily-pitted but with areas of surviving surface having a dark-green patina. File-marks are evident on the upper and lower surfaces of the bar.

NMGW-AE3574: TOGGLE
Possible Late Iron Age to early Roman copper alloy looped toggle of 1st century BC to 1st century AD date The cast toggle is of biconical form and is incomplete, missing the loop (with a length of 25.4mm and a weight of 18.7g). The terminal are sub-circular (17.8mm x 16.3mm and 16.2mm x 15.0mm). The smaller terminal has a very crudely incised cross and the other terminal has a prominent raised rib, probably a casting seam and corresponds to the seam along the midsection of the toggle. There is a single crude incised line perpendicular to the casting seam, possibly to define a cross. On the concave midsection, at the point of smallest diameter (of 6.5mm) is a stub (5.1mm long, 4.0mm thick and 2.8mm high), probably from the missing loop. If from a damaged loop, there is only a single stub, suggesting the loop sprung from a narrow base, rather than arcing between two attachments, as is more common on Iron Age and Romano-British toggles. The concave midsection has irregular facets, probably from the mould. No applied decoration is evident on the midsection. The surface is corroded and has a dark-grey lustre. Surface metallurgical analysis was attempted using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that toggle is composed of a lead-tin alloy.

NMGW-DA579E: BROOCH
The cast brooch frame is near-complete but the pin is missing and the frame is comparatively insubstantial (with an overall length of 57.6mm, an overall width of 62.2mm and a weight of 10.6g). The oval hoop (58.8mm external width) is of flattened-oval section (3.4mm wide and 1.9mm - 2.4mm thick), widening slightly as it approaches the terminals. There is no decoration evident on the hoop but there is an impact groove near the left terminal, possibly from a hammer blow. There is a slight step from the hoop to the integral terminals extending as far as an incised border, giving the impression of a jointed attachment. The spatulate terminals are of unusual, irregular form (with widths of 29.6mm and 30.5mm, lengths of 16.4mm and 17.7mm), with undulating upper and lower edges but relatively straight on the terminal edges. It is now unclear how erosion may have truncated the upper and lower edges but the inside edges appear to be near-complete. The terminals are unusually thin (at just 0.4mm - 0.8mm thick). The fronts of both terminals are decorated with a similar motif in cast relief, comprising an outer border infilled with hatching, within which is a narrower undecorated border. The interior has a double-strand interlace knot. There are partial remains of incised decoration evident on the outside of the top edge of the right terminal and upper inside edge of the left terminal, possibly the remains of another interlace device or possibly an interlace beast. The basal edges of both terminals have a partially preserved incised line, possibly the remnants of an outer border. The rear of the terminals is not decorated. The surface has differential black patination, with patches of golden-bronze surface exposed. Metallurgical analysis was undertaken using X-Ray Fluorescence indicating that the metal is a tin-bronze with lead, nickel and zinc represented in small quantities. The brooch has a number of unusual features, in particular, its thin terminals. It is possible the brooch represents a failed-casting and was not finished. This may also explain the incomplete decoration on the peripheries of the terminals, although this may also be the result of erosion. The interlace decoration can be ascribed an 8th or 9th century date stylistically. Penannular brooches with spatulate terminals are not well represented in Early Medieval finds from Wales.

NMGW-D98884: SPOON
Medieval silver spoon, now in two parts, comprising a bent handle junction with bowl, and the remaining bowl, folded twice. The stem is hexagonal at the base, becoming circular in cross-section mid-way along the shaft up to the simple devolved 'diamond-point' terminal. The underside of the bowl at the junction with the handle bears what appears to be a wriggle work cross-crosslet, now only partially visible, on the base of the bowl at the junction with the handle. The overall length is 81.55mm; maximum thickness of stem 3.3.x 3mm; bowl width about 32mm; bowl thickness 1mm; weight 17.99g. The object has not undergone any cleaning or conservation.

NMGW-C6E489: COIN HOARD
One hundred and five Roman coins of the third century A.D., with a date range c. 255-286. The coins have not been cleaned: for the most part they are corroded and cannot be catalogued in full detail. The coins are all of the type known today as 'radiates' (from the form of headgear of the imperial portraits). A summary list by reign can be seen below. Several other objects submitted by the finder were all found in the same general area. These have been examined by Mr Evan Chapman of AC-NMW. The copper-alloy vessel appears to have been placed in the ground upside-down, surviving only as the rim and upper body, the bulk of its body having presumably been removed by subsequent agricultural activity. Copper alloy vessel Top part of a copper alloy bowl or dish with a simple, outward projecting, D-shaped rim. The rim is complete but little if the body of the vessel survives. What does is decorated by incised decoration and has traces of silvering on the outside. Running round the vessel below the rim are two pairs of parallel grooves, between which is a band decorated by a row of upward pointing semicircles, resting on the upper groove of the lower pair. Where the vessel survives below this there are the remains of a leaf-tendril scroll-pattern. Diameter 175mm; maximum surviving depth 29mm; thickness 1mm; width of rim 6mm. A Roman date for the vessel is entirely possible but it is difficult to parallel in either form or decoration. There is a slightly larger vessel (220mm diameter) with a similar rim form from near Nijmegen, but the profile of the vessel appears to be more rounded (den Boesterd 1956, 60 no.201). Similar incised decoration can be seen on vessel repair patches in the vessel hoard from Burwell (Gregory 1976, 77 nos.17-18) and a similar floral scroll-pattern, picked out in small punched dots, on a fragment from Lydney (Wheeler 1932, 86 no.103). The manufacture of the Nijmegen vessel is dated to the late first century AD; the deposition of the Burwell hoard to the third century or later; the Lydney piece is undated. Other reported objects 1. Copper alloy spoon with pear shaped bowl and a stepped shoulder between bowl and handle. Handle tapers to a point. Traces of a silvered or tinned surface. Probably first half of second century AD. 2. Fragment of an everted rim of a small, probably jar shaped, copper alloy vessel. Rim diameter 65mm. Probably the remains of the type of Roman vessel referred to as an ointment pot or incense pot. 3. Rim fragment of a straight sided vessel with a traces of silvering/tinning both inside and out. Probably the remains of a Roman saucepan. 4. Three fragments of copper alloy sheet, at least two with traces of silvering on at least one face. Possibly fragments of a vessel but with no definite connection to either of the rim fragments.

NMGW-C6437A: FINGER RING
Decorative silver-gilt posy-ring. The hoop fragment is of flattened D cross-section. The outer surface is cast with a repeating pattern of cells and raised single dots or pellets. Raised dots also fill the field between the cells and the plain borders. The areas between the raised decoration are inlaid with white and green enamel, most of which is now missing. The inner face of the hoop is inscribed with the text: FEARE·GOD·ONLI, in Roman capitals. The hoop is slightly distorted. The internal diameter is 17.6 x 17.2mm; external diameter 19 x 19.6mm; band width 4.8 mm; band thickness 0.9mm; weight 1.76g. The ring has not undergone any cleaning or conservation.

NMGW-1995D1: FINGER RING
Late medieval gilded silver finger-ring with external inscription on a plain central band, separated by a deep grooves from a 'beaded' border made up of parallel grooves. The bezel takes the form of a solid casting, raised and narrower than the band width of the ring. The inscription reads: jaspar : melchior : baltazar : in a mixture of upper and lower case crude black letter script. Triple dots separate words, and the last name is separated from the bezel by an engraved meander with dots. The inside of the hoop is plain. Internal hoop diameter 17.9mm; external hoop diameter 22.5mm; band width 6.5mm; band thickness 2mm; weight 6.62g. The ring has not undergone any cleaning or conservation. The form of the ring is similar to that of some fourteenth/fifteenth-century gold decorative rings. The legend invokes the names of the magi, or Three Kings, supposed to be especially effective against falling sickness and fever. Fifteenth-century variations include Jasper.melchior.baltasar, in god is ar (Dalton 1912, no. 885), IaspparBalta*/sar Melchior (ibid, no. 888). Another example was exhibited at the Society of Antiquaries in March 1864 (Proc Soc Ant 1864, 362). The letter 'h', 'l' and 'e' forms are used commonly between the 1350s-1480s, the capital A with angled left stroke in the fourteenth century.

NMGW-64D499: FINGER RING
Gold iconographic finger-ring of late medieval or very early post-medieval date. It has a flat oval longitudinal bezel, engraved with the images of St Catherine holding a sword in her right hand. A wheel (symbol of her martyrdom) protrudes from behind her left side. The hoop is decorated on the shoulders and sides with sprigs. The inside of the hoop bears the legend ·en∙boen∙eure∙ ('In Good Hour') in black-letter script, between sprigs. The rough surface of the background to the bezel suggest that this may have been enamelled, but only cleaning of this area and the decorative shoulders will confirm whether this was once the case. The object, which has a very abraded surface and bent hoop, has not undergone any cleaning or conservation. The design shows some damage. It weighs 7.42g. In terms of size and design, the object is an example of a medieval religious (iconographic) ring. Comparison with other rings indicates that it is probably late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century in date. The forms of the 'b' and 'e' resemble those found on seals dated c.1425-1525 (Kingsford 1929, 166, 168). Other iconographic rings found in Wales include a gold ring with the emblem of the Trinity reported to have been found near Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire (sold to a private collection in December 1984; Cherry & Redknap 1992, 122), and a ring engraved with the image of Mary and the motto en boen an from Buckwell Farm, Pencaemawr near Usk. Such iconographic rings can bear one or more Christian figures or scenes engraved on the bezel, such as the Annunciation with Angel on one panel and Mary on a second panel. Common legends are de bon cuer ('Be of good heart'; Dalton 1912, no. 767), en boen an ('In Good Year' ibid, no. 761), sans de partir ('Never to part'). St Catherine appears with St Barbara and St Christopher and the legend en bon cor on a late medieval gold ring from near St Gennys, near Bude, Cornwall (Dalton 1912, no. 759). The inscription does not appear in the photograph. It has been suggested as a variation of cor (heart, spelled in various ways e.g. cuer on another late medieval iconographic ring; Dalton 1912, no. 742). On the analogy of examples using an (year) it may well be eure as equivalent to modern French "heure", with the phrase meaning 'in a good hour', i.e. 'at a propitious moment' or similar. The Anglo-Norman Dictionary (under 'ure') glosses the phrase 'a bon ure' as "propitiously". It perhaps refers to a proposal being made when the ring was proffered.

NMGW-1564D4: HOARD
Late Bronze Age hoard of ten objects. 1. Carp's Tongue sword blade fragment Surviving length 41.0mm; surviving width 27.7mm; maximum thickness 9.5mm; surviving weight 35.2g. Small blade fragment with a rounded midrib, approximately 11.8mm wide, with edge defined by single grooves to either side and on both faces. The outer sections of the blade are highly corroded, with no original blade edge surviving. The blade fragment is bent towards one end, as viewed side on, indicating it was forcibly broken in antiquity. The fragment has a green patination, with areas of ligher green corrosion along breaks. Cracking is visible on both sides, parallel with the midrib and near the corroded edges. 2. Carp's Tongue sword blade fragment Surviving length 27.7mm; surviving width 28.6mm; maximum thickness 7.2mm; surviving weight 19.6g. Small blade fragment with a rounded midrib, approximately 11.0mm wide, with edge defined by single grooves on either side of both faces. On one side of the blade, short sections of original blade edge are present, the outer blade section being slightly convex. On each outer blade section, a second, less pronounced groove also parallel with the blade edge is evident, approximately 4.2mm from the midrib edge grooves and 5.0mm from the blade edge (the total outer blade section being approximately 9.2mm wide). The surviving blade edge looks to have been deliberately damaged by a blade in antiquity, as evidenced by nicks and localised distortion of the blade edge. On one face, just below a break, there are impact dints on the midrib, causing localised flattening of the blade and an undulating surface. These are small and non-linear, suggesting the use of a pointed metal implement. This is further evidence of deliberate breakage of the blade in antiquity. The fragment has a green patination, with areas of lighter green corrosion along the least well preserved blade edge, in localised patches at blade breaks and in the blade edge nicks on the better preserved blade edge. Corrosion cracking is visible on the surface of the less well preserved outer blade side. 3. Purse- or bag-shaped chape fragment Surviving width 47.1mm; surviving height 27.8mm; surviving weight 21.3g. Base and body fragment of a chape with a curved convex base, defined by a convex ridge or bead on each face, and hollow interior. The walls of this chape thicken towards the base. On one side, a change in angle of the wall is visible, indicating a narrowing inwards towards the original mouth of the chape, now missing, thereby giving its characteristic 'purse' or 'bag' shape. At the break on the best preserved face, the partial circuit of a perforation, 2-2.5mm in diameter, is evident. This is offset from the centre line of the chape and was a point of attachment of the chape to the rest of the scabbard. No further perforations may be identified in the walls of this fragmentary chape. On one face, near the narrowing side wall, a surface dent can be seen. This was appears to have been made in antiquity and is possibly evidence of use wear or deliberate damage prior to burial. The artefact has a green patination with localised areas of light green corrosion on one face and along the line of breaks. 4. Multiple-edged perforated blade Length 77.1mm; surviving width 42.7mm; maximum thickness at centre 8.0mm; surviving weight 88.0g. A near complete, elongate hexagon shaped blade. The blade has a thickened elongate ridge along its longitudinal axis, tapering off on all sides, to form blade bevels and sharpened edges on all six sides. The blade has a rectangular shaped perforation at the centre and parallel with the long axis. The top of the aperture on each face is significantly larger than the actual perforation through the object. The apertures on each face, although overlapping, are also offset in relation to each other (on the long axis) and different in size. On each face, looking into the aperture, both an area of perforation and an area obscured by bronze from the centre to the lower face is evident. At one narrow end, a fragment of the blade bevel and edge has been broken off. The blade has a green patina. Original blade edges survive on one long side and one of the shorter end faces, the others being damaged and corroded with swelling light green corrosion product. 5. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment Maximum surviving length 42.5mm; maximum surviving width 33.9mm; maximum thickness 20.8mm; surviving weight 122.1g. Irregular upper surface and irregular convex shaped base. No edge sections apparent, although ingot fragment tapers on one side, where approaching an edge. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to blue-green patina. 6. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment Maximum surviving length 73.5mm; maximum surviving width 57.1mm; maximum thickness 30.7mm; surviving weight 367.6g. Irregular upper surface and irregular convex base. Breaks on two faces and tapering in two planes indicates this is a corner fragment of a plano-convex ingot. Large interior vesicles evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to grey-green patina. 7. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment Maximum surviving length 63.7mm; maximum surviving width 48.7mm; maximum thickness 34.6mm; surviving weight 462.4g. Irregular upper surface and slightly convex shaped base. Breaks on all four sides indicate a middle fragment of an ingot although tapering in two planes indicate the fragment was approaching two sides of the ingot. Large interior vesicles evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to grey-green patina. 8. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment Maximum surviving length 56.0mm; maximum surviving width 49.8mm; maximum thickness 27.0mm; surviving weight 299.0g. Irregular upper surface and slightly convex shaped base. Breaks on three sides and tapering in one plane indicate that this is a side fragment of a plano-convex ingot. Interior vesicles evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Green to grey-green patina. 9. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment Maximum surviving length 75.0mm; maximum surviving width 63.8mm; maximum thickness 31.0mm; surviving weight 577.9g. Irregular upper surface with vesicles and irregular convex shaped base. Three breaks and tapering in three planes suggest this is an incomplete end fragment of a plano-convex ingot. Interior vesicles are evident along breaks. Breaks are worn and were made in antiquity. Light grey-green to grey-green patina. 10. Plano-convex ingot / cake fragment Maximum surviving length 87.0mm; maximum surviving width 60.3mm; maximum thickness 36.2mm; surviving weight 618.5g. Irregular upper surface with vesicles and irregular convex shaped base with vesicles. Three major breaks and tapering in one plane indicate this is a side fragment of a plano-convex ingot. There is a small break along the edge, although short sections of original ingot edge are present. Breaks and vesicle edges have some angularity however lack of freshly exposed surfaces suggest breakage in antiquity. Light grey-green patina.

NMGW-115DBC: FINGER RING
The reported object is a silver gilt iconographic ring (weight 7.18g). It has a ridged bezel, each facet engraved with three words, each on a separate facet of the rectangular bezel: ihs (between simplified sprigs) ave maria (in Black Letter script) Each shoulder is engraved with sprigs, within twisted volutes, the ridge tops beaded. Externally the lower hoop has the form of a plain rope moulding. The maximum external diameter is 23.8mm; internal hoop diameter 20.02mm; maximum bezel length 11.7mm; bezel width 9.3mm; thickness 1.7mm; minimum band width 3.7mm; weight 7.18g. There is slight wear to the raised areas if the ring. The object has not undergone any cleaning or conservation. In terms of size and design, the object is a fine example of a religious ring. Comparison with other rings indicates that it is probably late fifteenth-century in date. The design shows some wear. Versions of legend is common on the fourteenth- and fifteenth- century rings (eg Dalton 1912, nos 691-694). For a similar shoulder design, see Dalton 1912, no. 766. Other religious legends on medieval rings from Wales include Ave Maria Gracia Plena Dn Tecum from Llanrumney near Cardiff, and the ihs monogram on a copper-alloy ring from Cardiff Greyfriars (Redknap and Cherry 1991, 123). It is my opinion that as an object which has at least 10 per cent by weight precious metal, and which is at least 300 years old, this item is Treasure under Section 1 (1) (a) of the Treasure Act 1996.

NMGW-02EBA6: FINGER RING
central device in the form of a merchant's mark (comprising an encircled cross above interlaced cross stems, between small quatrefoils), within a single rope/indented border. One shoulder is engraved with a tau cross, and a slight depression below may be the remains of a motif. The hoop is slightly distorted, and the shoulder with the tau cross has severe surface scratching. There is a slightly golden colour within border indents which may be gilding, but this is difficult to verify without cleaning. Internal diameter 22.4mm ; maximum bezel width 12.3mm x 14.8; minimum hoop width 7mm; minimum hoop thickness 1.8mm; weight 13.28g. The ring has not undergone any cleaning or conservation. In terms of design and style of the iconography, the ring is probably of fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century date. A close parallel to the shoulders occurs on the shoulders of the gold episcopal ring of Richard Mayo, Bishop of Hereford (1504-1518; Merewether 1844, 249; Cherry 1995, 151-52). Its shoulder are engraved with a tau-shaped cross filled with green enamel and below it a small engraved bell, while the inside of the ring bears the inscription ave maria (Cherry 2003, 371). The putative depression on the Haverfordwest ring may be the ghost of a similar devise (worn away), though it might result from poor casting. The tau became associated with St Anthony, and Mayo's tau cross may have represented a continuing connection with Antonine hospitals which devoted themselves mostly to the treatment of the disease known as St Anthony's fire, or ignis sacer (also known as erysipelas; Husband 1992, 25; Cherry 2003, 152), as well as being invoked against plague. In 1995, there were twenty-five rings known from England or in English collections bearing the tau cross on shoulder or hoop, and sixteen of those listed are signet rings (Cherry 1995). All are fifteenth or early sixteenth century, coinciding with the popularity of the Antonines from the mid-fifteenth century to the early sixteenth century. This is not the first tau cross ring to be found in Wales. A massive fifteenth-century gold signet engraved with a Lombardic R within a Gothic border, and tau crosses on the shoulders, was found about 1870 in the garden of a small town house in Abergavenny (Octavius Morgan 1873, 51). Tau crosses include those in the British Museum (Dalton 1912, nos 528, 530, 592), Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (Fortnum Collection, 329), and V&A collection (Oman 1930, no. 542), and it is possible that some of the rings belonged to persons who were connected with the orders under the patronage of St Anthony. For monograms on fifteenth-century and early sixteenth-century finger rings, see Dalton 1012 (nos 431, 432, 559).

NMGW-02B0CE: FINGER RING
Gold mourning ring with stylized skull on outside of hoop. The hoop, which is misshapen, is of flattened D cross-section. The inner face of the hoop is inscribed with the text A. E. obijt 30 Jan' 17034, in italic script (A. E. died 30th January 1703/4). Internal hoop diameter 20.07 mm x 12.7mm; band width 4mm; band thickness 1.1mm; weight 3.34g. The ring has not undergone any cleaning or conservation. The form of the ring and style of lettering indicates that it dates to the early eighteenth century, a date confirmed by the commemorative inscription. The skull/death's head as a motif occurs on the earliest mourning rings, dating to the fifteenth century, and the motif remained popular thought the seventeenth century. As the ring is commemorative, it post-dates the date of death, but is likely to have been engraved within a short period.

NMGW-4A61A6: BODKIN
The object is a silver bodkin-type dress-pin with slot and perforation (eye) at one end, and tapering to a point at the other end. The shaft has a flattened quadrangular cross-section with bevelled edges, and is undecorated. On one face, below the slot, is a stamped hallmark .W. The pin is bent, and has not received any conservation. Length overall 109.2mm; maximum width 3.8mm; maximum thickness 2mm; weight 6.47g. This type of object is now generally recognised as a bodkin of seventeenth-century date. Similar finds from have been made at Clavering, Essex (TAR 2004, no. 245), Chilcomb, Hampshire (TAR 2004, no. 246), Hougham, Kent (TAR 2004, no. 247), and Mattishall, Norfolk (TAR 2004, no. 248); Buckingham, Buckinghamshire (TAR 2005-6, no. 575), Ivinghoe area, Buckinghamshire (TAR 2005-6, no. 576), Newent, Gloucestershire (TAR 2006, no. 277), Redbourn, Hertfordshire (TAR 2005-6, no. 578) and Heckington, Lincolnshire (TAR 2005-6, no. 579). These have all been dated to the seventeenth century. A silver dress-pin of this type was found at St Athan, Vale of Glamorgan, in 2011 (Treasure ref. no. 12.1). Bodkins of this type were popular in the Low Countries, and appear in household inventories as well as on female portraits (eg Baart et al 1977, 217-9, where they are dated to the early seventeenth century). Examples in Britain have not been restricted to Norfolk and Suffolk, examples being reports from across England from Gloucestershire (TAR 2005-6, no. 577) up to Lincolnshire (TAR 2005-6, no. 579).

NMGW-4A1C32: BROOCH
The object is a small silver annular brooch with niello decoration on both sides of the frame, which is circular in cross-section. The frame decoration comprises at least three groups transverse lines on both sides, all inlaid with niello. The pin shaft is incised with a 'wriggle work' zig-zag line on each facet. The wrap-around head of the pin securing it to the annular frame of the brooch is plain. There is a small 'bar' at the junction of pin shaft and head (width 5mm), to prevent snagging. The annular frame is distorted. External frame diameters 18.6 x 12.6mm; frame thickness 1.1mm; weight 0.84g. The object has not undergone any cleaning or conservation. To judge from its colour and weight and visual comparison with other silver brooches and related accessories in the collections of the Department of History & Archaeology, the alloy is well in excess of 10% silver. A number of annular brooches with similar pins are known from Wales. They range from small silver stirrup brooches, such as those from Llanfaes (Anglesey), Llanbedr Duffryn Clwyd (Denbighshire) and Abergavenny (Monmouthshire; Redknap 1994, nos 21, 23) to larger brooches from Kidwelly Castle (Carmarthenshire), Crickhowell (Powys) and a site near Cowbridge (Vale of Glamorgan; Redknap 1994, nos 11, 22 and 13). The Lamphey example appears to be slightly smaller than a similar brooch from Llanelidan, Denbighshire (NMW Treasure ref. no. 11.19). Occasionally isolated brooch pins are found, such as one found at Rhos-on-Sea, Conwy, in 2008 (NMW Treasure ref. no. 08.06). These parallels are of thirteenth- or fourteenth-century date, and the Lamphey brooch, on the basis of such comparanda, must date to the same period.

NMGW-73CC41: TOKEN
Post medieval copper alloy token Probably a penny token of Charles Huddle (or Huddel), Wexford (c. 1650-70) CHARL[ES ]HVDDEL.IN; annular [W]EXFORD.IN.IRELAND BW Ireland 746 0.59g, corroded

NMGW-73B7B0: COIN
Post medieval copper alloy coin Elizabeth I (155-1603) penny for Ireland dated 1601 1.29g, corroded

NMGW-73ABA2: MOUNT
Post medieval copper alloy belt or strap mount of 16th or 17th century date The mount is complete and of figurative form with a trefoil terminal (with a length of 19.2mm and a weight of 1.8g). The mount is widest at the trefoil terminal (with a width of 11.9mm) and has concave sides below, before narrowing at the base. The mount was attached using two integral, oval-sectioned rivets, closed around a strap (with a height of 6.1mm and giving an overall depth of 8.1mm). The surface has a black patina.

NMGW-7399CD: SOCKETED AXEHEAD
Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe probably of Type Portree or a variant, possibly Variant Kalemouth, as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981, p. 184-90) possibly dating to the transition of the Wilburton-Wallington and Ewart Park metalworking phases corresponding to Needham's (1996) Periods 6 to 7, c. 1150 -750BC. The axe is of 'Baggy' form and is incomplete, missing the mouth and loop (with a surviving length of 55.5mm and a weight of 74.8g with the wood in the socket and 73.3g without). The top of the axe has broken or is eroded, probably just below the mouth. The mouth is oval to sub-rectangular (31.4mm wide and 25.1mm deep). The socket is rectangular (21.7mm x 13.6mm and 36.8mm deep) and when reported, contained the distorted wooden remains, probably of the handle. After the removal of the wood, no internal ribs were identified at the base of the socket. The poor preservation of the wood has made it difficult to obtain a species identification. There is a horizontal collar moulding, now heavily worn, positioned at the top of the loop. The loop has mostly been lost, with only the basal stubs now surviving (with a length of 17.0mm). The casting seams are evident on both sides and appear to have been finished. The sides are near-straight, only very gently concave and parallel for approximately half their lengths before diverging to produce a moderately expanded blade edge (with a width of 37.1mm). The axe has an oval to sub-rectangular body section (31.0mm x 16mm below the loop) without any facets. The faces are convex across their widths and comparatively flat across their lengths, converging more sharply above the blade but without a discernible blade facet. The original surface has been lost and is striped and heavily-pitted with a pale-green corrosion.

NMGW-0814E3: COIN
Post medieval silver coin Elizabeth I (1558-1603) groat, London Uncertain privy mark (c. 1560-1) 1.52g, worn and holed

NMGW-07FF03: COIN
Medieval silver coin Henry VI (1422-61) halfpenny, London Leaf-Trefoil issue (1435-8) Obverse: hERIC.. with saltire stops Rev. reads CIVI-TAS-LON-DO North 1492 / Withers Lss 0.46g

NMGW-073C04: COIN
Medieval silver coin Henry III (1216-72) 'Long Cross' cut halfpenny NIC-OLE[ ]; Nicole, uncertain mint Class 3, c. 1248-50 0.47g, clipped

NMGW-066ED6: SWORD
Post medieval copper alloy sword guard of 18th century date The guard is of fragmentary, represented by approximately half (with a surviving length of 40.2mm and a weight of 26.2g) and has broken through the central rectangular aperture. The guard was of concave double-oval form with a rectangular slot (14.6mm long) to accommodate the tang. Both faces are decorated with elaborate motif in cast relief. The motif on both faces depict a winged-figure in three-quarters profile, depicted with weapons in a radiating design, probably of mythical origin, possibly influenced by Assyrian or similar iconography. The surface is corroded with remnants of a pale-green patina and areas of stripped red-brown metal. The guard was likely to have been gilded but does not now survive.

NMGW-063EB0: WEIGHT
Post medieval copper alloy trade weight, probably of late 17th century date The weight is stamped with a crowned W, probably over the letter M, probably for William III and Mary II (1689 -1694), a sword and ewer indicating London. The weight now weighs 25.3g, equivalent to 0.8924 ounces and would originally have been a one-ounce weight. The surface is worn and has a mid to dark green patina.

NMGW-062843: JETTON
Late medieval copper alloy jetton Probably of French or Tournai origin and of early 15th century date VIVE LE ROI . VIVE AMOVRS Long live the king . Long live love

NMGW-B2F337: FLAT AXEHEAD
Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe, possibly a reworked axe or an axe blank probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC The axe is comparatively short with a wide thick butt (with a length of 82.2mm and a weight of 202.8g). The butt is straight and flat (with a width of 39mm and a thickness of 8.5mm) possibly suggesting the axe may have been reworked from a larger axe. The sides are straight and divergent for a short distance from the butt (approximately 20mm) before becoming concave and diverging to a moderately expanded blade edge (with a surviving width of 61.2mm). The sides are rounded across their thickness. The original blade edge has been lost and the edge is now comparatively straight with only a gentle curve. One of the blade tips has been lost and the axe has a pronounced distortion before the break. One face is flat, while the other is very gently convex across its length and both have a gentle convexity across their widths. There are no discernible developed features on the axe, such as a median bevel or flange. There is the suggestion of a short blade facet (6mm long) although this is more likely to be the result of corrosion and wear. The surface is heavily-corroded with a dark-green patina and areas of pale-green corrosion. The flat axe is an unusual form and appears comparatively short and wide and thick-butted but now shows no evidence of breakage, possibly suggesting the butt has been reworked. The lack of any of any surviving developed features and the simple, curved-sided form to the axe may be suggestive of Type Migdale (Schmidt & Burgess, 1981, p 35-44) , of Metalworking Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 2 -3 and probably dating to c. 2,200 - 1,900BC. The axe also may be an axe-blank and the unworked flat face may demonstrates minimal working subsequent to its casting. 1. Schmidt, P.K. & Burgess, C. 1981; The Axes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, Praähistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung IX, 7. Band 7 2. Needham, S. 1996; Chronology and Periodisation in the British Bronze Age , Acta Archaeologica 67, p. 121-140

NMGW-A2477F: PERFORATED OBJECT
Perforated stone pebble, possible Prehistoric stone pebble hammer or mace-head of Mesolithic or Neolithic date The mace-head is made on a water-rolled pebble and is complete (with a length of 126.6mm, a maximum width of 85.7mm, a maximum thickness of 33.3mm and a weight of 558.1g). The perforation is off-centre and has a pronounced hour-glass profile (with diameters at the faces of 31mm and 33mm and a minimum diameter of 9.0mm). There is evidence of pecking on the sides of the perforation, which are now well-worn, probably through subsequent water action, rather than rubbing from a haft. The central ridge of the perforation would make any hafting relatively unstable. Other than the perforation, there is no evidence of human alteration to the pebble. One of the ends is naturally flattened, while the other is more pointed, it is possible that there is some evidence of battering on the ends but subsequent water-rolling has made the battering scars inconclusive. A visual geological examination was carried out on the perforated pebble (By Dr Jana Horak, Head of Mineralogy & Petrology; AC-NM) which concluded that the stone is a dolerite, with a likely provenance of within Pembrokeshire. Perforated stone pebbles, often referred to as 'pebble mace-heads' have received some attention in studies on mace-heads; Roe (1968) states that battering scars are frequently observed on the implement type, which implies their use as hammers and suggests the name 'pebble-hammer'. Roe (ibid.) also notes the occurrence of the implements in Mesolithic, rather than Neolithic contexts. This perforated stone is without conclusive evidence of battering scars and the form of the perforation would also make hafting problematic. It may be suggested therefore that this perforated stone may have been utilised as a suspension weight. 1. Roe, F.S. 1968; Stone-mace-heads and the latest Neolithic cultures of the British Isles in Coles, J M & Simpson, D D A ED Leicester University Press Leicester in Studies in Ancient Europe, 1968, 145-72,

NMGW-8E09D4: AXEHEAD ROUGHOUT
Probable roughout for a an axehead of Neolithic date The roughout is complete and is comparably small for an axehead (with a length of 114.3mm and a weight of 199.4g) and is bifacially worked. Much of the flaking is directed from the edges and has not significantly thinned the roughout (with a maximum thickness of 32.7mm), with one of the faces (ventral) being considerably flatter. The roughout is of oval form, with convex sides (reaching a maximum width of 52.2mm) and with no obvious suggestion of a blade. The stone has some recent damage around the edges, but otherwise has three distinct degrees of patination, the oldest of which is at the proximal end of the dorsal surface and is subsequently mostly flaked on that face. The ventral surface is unpatinated. There is no polishing evident on either face.

NMGW-65C013: COIN
Post medieval silver coin Elizabeth I (1558-1603) sixpence, London Privy mark: Pheon and probably dated 1561 2.40g, worn

NMGW-657AAD: COIN
Post medieval silver coin Henry VIII (1509-47) groat, London Second coinage (1526-44); privy mark: Lys on the obverse and Pheon on the reverse 5.23g

NMGW-BDEB99: COIN
Post Medieval silver coin Elizabeth I (1558-1603) sixpence, London Privy mark: coronet (& dated 1567) 2.96g

NMGW-72BE5A: INKWELL
Post medieval lead inkwell of 17th to 18th century date The inkwell is complete with some surface damage (with a length of 44.0mm and a weight of 254.8g). The base is flat and sub-circular with nine bold ribs (giving a diameter of 40.6mm - 13.0mm). The base appears to be inscribed with monograms, with possibly two represented with differing styles and form. The central, deeper and initial monogram appears to be NT, and is flanked by NJ, but with an inconsistent orientation. It is possible that the tail from the letter J may be exuberantly inscribed letter T and the monogram may be repeated. The sides converge towards the top and are decorated with nine, regularly spaced heavy cast ribs (up to 3mm high), which are uninterrupted from the base to the apex, producing a corrugated-circular body section. There is no applied decoration on the side. The top is flat (with a diameter of 4mm) and has a central aperture (9.4mm diameter). The surface has corroded pale-grey, with fresh damage to an area of the side. Post medieval lead inkwells are difficult to parallel in archaeological literature. The heavily-ribbed style and letter forms would be consistent with a 17th or 18th century date and broadly similar examples recorded by PAS mostly suggest dates within the range. 1. HESH-05C8E6 and LEIC-E84347

NMGW-22CFAA: ARMLET
The penannular arm-ring fragment is of Hiberno-Viking type, and has the form of a broad flat band of silver or rectangular cross-section, 3mm deep, with punched ornament on one face. The expanded mid-portion of the arm-ring tapers to the one complete and now severed ends. The outer face is ornamented with a row of vertical transverse bar-stamping to either side of a central diagonal cross, the punch having a plain centre, between toothed edges. The arm-ring now measures 70mm in length (both ends missing), with a minimum width of 12mm and maximum central width of 18mm. The arm ring does not appear to have been cut as hack-silver (no evident shear-marks), but to have fractured along the serrated bar stamps at either end. Whether this was intentional or accidental is not clear. The object has not undergone any cleaning or conservation, and further information may result from their eventual treatment. The form of the arm-ring, having been hammered (forged) from a silver ingot into a flat expanded band tapering either side of a central expansion and stamped with external bar decoration, establishes that this is a rare example of Viking-age silver jewellery and portable wealth found in south Wales. The use of bar-stamped decoration over the whole external surface in a repeating pattern is typical of Hiberno-Scandinavian jewellery of ninth- or tenth-century date. More specifically, the Kilgetty arm-ring belongs to a style dated by analogy with other decorated examples of jewellery to the late ninth/early tenth century: similar serrated edge punch shapes and arm-ring forms occur on silver arm-rings from the Huxley hoard, Cheshire, the majority of which are thought to have been made between about AD 880 and AD 930 (Sheehan 2009, 61, figs 7.3, 7.4). Another parallel is provided by one in the Gordon, Berwickshire, hoard, deposited in the late ninth or early tenth century (Graham-Campbell 1995, 102, no. 14.3 and plate 6 top). Arm-rings of this type occur as parts of sixteen coin-dated hoards, six from Britain, their chronological focus lying in the 870s, and in coin-dated deposits from the first decade of the tenth century. Good parallels can be found in the Cuerdale hoard, deposited c. 905-10 (Graham-Campbell 2011, plate 25, and fig. 8.1), the Dysart Island hoard (no. 4), Co. Westmeath, deposited c. 907 (Ryan et al 1984, 339-42). It has been suggested that the Hiberno-Scandinavian broad-band arm-rings which largely constitute the Huxley hoard were still flat (unfinished) when they were hammered into half for storage or concealment. Similarly there is no evidence for curvature on the Cresselly/Kilgetti armring, which is now flat, and it remains unclear whether the band ever had the penannular form of a completed arm-ring. The issue of circumstances of loss for this single item deserve mention. We have no specific contextual information apart from the reported findspot, and the absence of associated early medieval material. Other Viking-age finds are known from Pembrokeshire, and include a ringed pin from a site near St Davids, decorated lead merchant's weights from Freshwater West and a site between Robeston West and Walwyn's Castle and a sword pommel from a site near Pembroke (for weights see Redknap 2009, 38-39). Given these finds and the Scandinavian place-name evidence from Pembrokeshire, his new find amplifies this activity and the importance of Milford Haven (from ON melr, fjörðr) in the Scandinavian world view. References: Graham-Campbell, J. 1995, The Viking-Age Gold and Silver of Scotland (AD 850-1100), Edinburgh. Graham-Campbell, J. 2011, The Cuerdale Hoard and related Viking-Age silver and gold from Britain and Ireland in the British Museum, British Museum Research Publication no. 185. Redknap, M. 2009, 'Silver and Commerce in Viking-age North Wales', in J. Graham-Campbell and R. Philpott (eds), The Huxley Hoard. Scandinavian Settlement in the North West, National Muaseums Liverpool, 29-41. Ryan, M., O Floinn, R., Lowick, N., Kenny, M. and Cazalet, P. 1984, 'Six silver finds of the Viking period from the vicinity of Lough Ennell, Co. Westmeath', Peritia 3, 334-81. Sheehan,. J. 2009, 'The Huxley Hoard and Hiberno-Scandinavian Arm-rings', in J. Graham-Campbell and R. Philpott (eds), The Huxley Viking hoard. Scandinavian Settlement in the North West (National Museums Liverpool), 58-69.

NMGW-221F3A: PENDANT
Description: Gilded silver heart-shaped pendant engraved with the symbols of Christ's wound. The front is made from a sheet raised in repoussé style into a dome, and vertically grooved at the top to make a heart shape. It is soldered to a back-plate cut from a sheet and indented by filing to give a scalloped or cusped edge; there are seven lobes down each edge, and one at top and bottom. A two-strand 'rope-twist' filigree wire border encircles the heart, concealing the join between front and backplate. A suspension loop has been made at the top, by cutting and drilling the backplate to give a circular hole around which a loop of similar two-strand filigree has been soldered. The loop still has a fine single-strand twisted-wire suspension ring attached. The gilding is exceptionally well preserved, on front and back (slightly thinning towards the centre of the backplate). The decoration comprises an engraved pointed-oval made from two lines, set transversely on the left-hand lobe of the heart (from the point of view of the observer). This represents the wound in the side of Christ, and several short lines issue from it downwards, representing running blood. Below and to the right of the wound are small drop-shaped indentations representing drops of blood. Dimensions: Overall length excluding separate suspension ring 30mm; maximum width of back-plate 21.4mm; maximum thickness 5mm; weight 7.27g. The pendant has not undergone any cleaning or conservation. Discussion: This pendant is related to gilded silver dress hooks with similar cusped back-plates (eg Caldecote, Warwickshire and Staxton, North Yorkshire; Gaimster, Hayward, Mitchell and Parker 2002, figs 4, 5), Parham in Suffolk (Thornton and Mitchell 2003, 486-7, and and examples in Wales from Wentlooge, Monmouthshire (Treasure Ref. No. 07.22), Llanfair, Vale of Glamorgan (Treasure Ref. No. 11.08) and Raglan, Monmouthshire (Treasure Ref. No. 11.07). The heart form and construction is particularly closely paralleled by dress hooks with tear-shaped backplates and raised hollow teardrop decorative panels such as those from Phillack, Cornwall and Landkey, Devon (dated to the sixteenth century; TAR 2004, nos 262, 263), and those from North Curry, Somerset and the Taunton area (TAR 2005/6, nos 661, 662). Documentary evidence indicates that these dress-hooks were popular in the sixteenth century (the latest reference in an inventory being dated 1598; Gaimster et al 2002, 184). The heart was readily adopted from the fourteenth century as a symbol of passion, courage and devotion. Heart-shaped lockets of slightly later date commemorating Charles I, without the characteristic indented backplate, are better known, such as a silver heart-shaped plaque found east of Colchester, Essex, engraved with the motto 'prepared to follow me' and the initials 'CR', common during and after the Civil War in the seventeenth century (TAR 2007, no. 382). A similar heart-shaped object, perhaps a locket, engraved with the initials CR flanking a crown, was found near Wendover, Buckinghamshire in 2006 (TAR 2005/6, no. 779), while examples are to be found in the V&A (M.811-1926 and M.3-1958; Bury 1985, 7, plate 2a, c). A heart-shaped silver locket in two parts, forming a shallow compartment for a scent impregnated sponge, and engraved with a two-handled vase of flowers and the motto 'In thy sight is my delight' illustrates the amuletic version of some such items (Murdoch 1991, no. 127). The heart spurting drops of blood was a devotional symbol during the medieval period, and one of the hallmarks of late medieval piety. Images of disembodied wounds became an international symbol of the consequences of sin, in particular the large wound inflicted on Christ's side by Longinus. The crude depiction of the wound is reminiscent of the five wounds of Christ on the late fifteenth-century gold ring known as the Coventry ring (British Museum, P&E AF897). Christ's blood was reputed to have healing powers alongside other amuletic charms. In view of the sixteenth-century date, it is possible that the pendant represents an affirmation of faith during the Marian period of Britain's counter-Reformation. A similar heart-shaped pendant, without the engraved symbol of Christ's wound, has been reported from Ashby cum Fenby, North-East Lincolnshire (NLM-894835). Lacking in the engraved motif, it was attributed to a modern period, but in the light of the Welsh find this should be reassessed. The will of Sir Mathew Cradock of Swansea dated 22 January 1529, includes a list of the jewels his wife Lady Katherine had brought with her when they married, including 'a hert of golde', and 'a nother hart of golde wt a floure delyce of diamontes in hym and a peerle hanging by hym which was a noche (brooch) of our Ladye'. The fleur de lis was an emblem of the Virgin Mary (lily as symbol of purity), and if set into a sacred heart it linked the incarnation with redemptive sacrifice (assuming that the 'hert' referred to is not the animal; Grey 2013-14, 89). The Fishguard find focuses on the symbolism of redemptive sacrifice, and provides a tangible example of the type of jewel referred to in the will, although it might be of a slightly later date. Date: While the pendant could be early sixteenth century, a date in the Marian counter-Reformation of the 1550s is also possible. References: Bury, S. 1985, An Introduction to Sentimental Jewellery (London). Gaimster, D., Hayward, M., Mitchell, D. and Parker, K. 2002, 'Tudor silver gilt dress-hooks: a new class of treasure find in England', Antiquaries Journal 82, 157-96. Grey, M. 2013-14, ''The Property of a Lady' the jewels of Lady Katherine Cradock', The Swansea History Journal 21, 82-93. Murdoch, T. 1991, Treasures and Trinkets. Jewellery in London from pre-Roman times to the 1930s (London). TAR 2004, Treasure Annual Report 2004 (DCMS). TAR 2005/6, Treasure Annual Report 2005/6 (DCMS). TAR 2007, Portable Antiquities and Treasure Annual Report 2007 (British Museum, published 2009). Thornton, D and Mitchell, D. 2003, 'Three Tudor silver dress-hooks', Antiquaries Journal 83, 486-491.