DENO-4216B6: COIN
A post medieval silver thistle merk of James VI of Scotland (1567-1625), eighth coinage (Spink 5497), minted in 1602. Diameter 31.5mm, weight 5.79g
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/888911

DENO-419F24: COIN
An incomplete medieval base silver farthing of Edward I (1279-1307), penny class 1 (North 1051, Withers type 5), minted in London, 1279. Length 10.6mm, width 10.1mm, weight 0.24g
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/888891

DENO-B0E0A4: COIN
An incomplete silver post-medieval halfgroat of James I. Thistle initial mark, London mint (AD 1603-1604; first coinage; North 2076).
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/829687

DENO-B0ADE7: COIN
Complete milled silver coin, worn completely smooth, and has a slight S-shaped double bend. It was possibly intended for secondary use as a love token or similar, although no secondary engraving is extant. Size and thickness suggest it was probably originally a sixpence of later post medieval date, maybe of William III or later.

DENO-B0402E: COIN
An incomplete silver post-medieval threepence of Elizabeth I. Coronet initial mark; London (Tower) mint (AD 1569; Second issue, North 1998). The coin has been slightly clipped.

DENO-AFD3C1: COIN
Incomplete hammered silver cut halfpenny of William I of Scotland (William the Lion); Short Cross and Stars coinage, Phase A, minted 1199-c.1205; moneyer Raul, probably minted at Roxburgh as Raul is known to have worked there. Reference: Spink 2003, 5027 (p.13)

DENO-13C8E5: VESSEL
Body sherd of samian pottery, of uncertain sub-type. Hard orange fabric with glossy red-orange slip. Sherd has an angled area which would have been towards the base, possibly of a bowl. Max length 40.6mm, max width 25.4mm, thickness 9.1mm, weight 8.8g

DENO-13A6BF: VESSEL
Six body sherds of samian pottery, probably Central Gaulish ware, not from the same vessel. Soft salmon-pink fabric with glossy orange slip. 1) Small body sherd. Undecorated. Max length 35.0mm, max width 26.6mm, thickness 6.1mm 2) Small body sherd. Undecorated. Max length 27.2mm, max width 22.6mm, thickness 4.9mm 3) Small body sherd. Undecorated. Max length 25.1mm, max width 15.0mm, thickness 3.4mm 4) Tiny body sherd. Undecorated. Max length 14.4mm, max width 12.6mm, thickness 6.1mm 5) Small body sherd. Decorated with a single curved groove. Sherd has split laterally through its fabric so it only has one exterior face and does not represent its original thickness. Max length 21.7mm, max width 19.8mm, thickness 2.1mm 6) Tiny body sherd. Undecorated. Sherd has split laterally through its fabric so it only has one exterior face and does not represent its original thickness. Max length 14.3mm, max width 12.8mm, thickness 2.8mm Total weight of sherds 14.3g

DENO-137D9E: VESSEL
Three decorated body sherds of samian pottery, probably Central Gaulish ware, not from the same vessel. Soft salmon-pink fabric with glossy orange slip. 1) Small body sherd with moulded decoration showing a band of 'S'-shaped lines above a foliate design with a small star to its side. Max length 26.8mm, max width 27.5mm, thickness 7.9mm 2) Small body sherd with moulded decoration showing a band of 'S'-shaped lines. Max length 30.3mm, max width 27.9mm, thickness 7.9mm 3) Small body sherd with moulded decoration of some radiating lines. Much of surface missing. Max length 31.2mm, max width 26.1mm, thickness 7.2mm Total weight of sherds 16.0g

DENO-135ABD: VESSEL
Three base sherds of samian pottery, probably Central Gaulish ware, not from the same vessel. Soft salmon-pink fabric with glossy orange slip. 1) Decorated sherd from base of plate or shallow dish. Sherd has a small section of 'foot', and a section of flat base, decorated with rouletting on what would have been the interior of the bowl. Max length 53.5mm, max width 31.4mm, thickness including foot 20.5mm, body thickness 9.1mm 2) Probable base sherd with a section of 'foot' and a small section of flat base. Max length 52.6mm, max width 17.6mm, thickness including foot 21.7mm, body thickness 8.2mm 3) Body sherd with remains of 'foot', which has almost entirely broken away. Sherd has a curve, suggesting that it was from a small, deep bowl. Max length 39.4mm, max width 25.7mm, thickness including remains of foot 8.8mm, body thickness 5.2mm Total weight of sherds 42.2g

DENO-130DCB: VESSEL
Four sherds of samian pottery, probably Central Gaulish ware, probably from the same vessel. Soft salmon-pink fabric with glossy orange slip. Vessel seems to have been a broad, shallow bowl with a small, plain, rounded rim, and angled towards the base. Possibly similar in form to Dragendorff 31 bowls. Bowl was around 22cm in diameter, and these sherds represent about 10% of the original vessel's circumference. 1) Substantial sherd with parts of the rim and the angled area towards the base. Max length 51.2mm, max width 49.6mm, thickness at rim 7.6mm, body thickness 7.1mm 2) Rim sherd which fits to the left of sherd 1. Max length 34.5mm, max width 26.1mm, thickness at rim 7.5mm, body thickness 6.5mm 3) Body sherd with part of the angled area towards the base. Max length 49.5mm, max width 30.6mm, thickness 7.2mm 4) Small body sherd with part of the angled area towards the base. Max length 28.6mm, max width 25.7mm, thickness 7.3mm Total weight of sherds 44.7g

DENO-58F70E: COIN
A complete silver Medieval voided long cross cut halfpenny of Henry III (AD 1216-1272), type Ib/II - Vg, dating to AD 1247-1265. Brockage - obverse is overstruck with a reverse and therefore illegible. Moneyer Nicole, which means it could be Canterbury mint type Ib/II - IIIc, IVab, or Va-Vg; London mint type Ib/II - Va, Shrewsbury mint type IIIa-c; or Winchester mint type IIIa-c.

DENO-58A365: COIN
A complete silver Post-Medieval halfgroat of Charles I (AD 1625-1649), North's Group A, without bust (North 2249). Anchor initial mark, dating to AD 1628-1629.

DENO-5833F6: COIN
A complete silver Post-Medieval shilling of William III (AD 1694-1702), dated 1696. Bust too worn to classify further.

DENO-57F033: COIN
A complete silver Post-Medieval shilling of Charles I (AD 1625-1649), North's Group F (North 2232), star initial mark dating to AD 1640-1641.

DENO-575C58: COIN
A complete silver Medieval voided long cross cut halfpenny of Henry III (AD 1216 - 1272) or Edward I (AD 1272 - 1307), class Vg or Vh (North 997 or 998), dating to AD 1258 - 1275. Moneyer Renaud. Mint either Bury or London.

DENO-097014: UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT
Fragment of copper alloy edge binding from uncertain object. Date uncertain, probably sometime from Roman to Post Medieval. Curved copper alloy strip, curled round into a C-shaped cross-section, broken off at both ends. Near one end there are two circular rivet holes on one face of the binding, filled with iron corrosion, and a corresponding hole in the other face of the binding. Length (span from tip to tip) 38.2mm, overall width 12.1mm, overall thickness 7.3mm, thickness of copper alloy 1.7mm, weight 5.0g.

DENO-090C99: UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT
Fragment of copper alloy object of uncertain date. Small section of shaft, of circular cross-section, with decorative, transverse, moulded lines running across it. The lines do not completely encircle the object - one side is undecorated. Beyond the decorative moulding the object flattens and begins to expand, but is broken off very shortly after that. Original form and function uncertain. Length 12.1mm, width 4.2mm, thickness 3.2mm, weight 0.59g.

DENO-08D46A: MOUNT
Incomplete copper alloy probable mount, most likely dating to the Medieval or Post Medieval period. Long tapering strip, probably complete at the broader end but broken off at the narrower end. Approximately 30mm from the broader end a narrow lug extends from one side, bent at right angles to the plane of the main strip. The lug is rectangular but broken off at its end. There is indication that a similar lug originally extended from the other side of the main strip, opposite the surviving lug, but this is now missing. There are the remains of two copper alloy rivets on the reverse, near the broader end of the strip. Mount is now bent. Length (the span from tip to tip) 57.3mm, width 10.4mm, thickness 1.8mm, weight 5.0g.

DENO-08905D: WEIGHT
Complete circular lead weight (probably). Roughly circular disc with slightly raised rim around edge on both faces. One face has a small circular hole in the centre (which does not pierce through the object) surrounded by raised decoration in the form of a central oval within a double concentric circle. The other face is undecorated. Undiagnostic for date. Diameter 26.6mm, thickness 6.0mm, weight 27.6g.

DENO-0823BC: COIN
A fragment of copper alloy Roman radiate or nummus of uncertain emperor, dating to the period AD 260-402. Extremely worn - both obverse and reverse illegible. Mint uncertain.

DENO-0801FA: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman radiate or nummus of uncertain emperor, dating to the period AD 260-402. Extremely worn - both obverse and reverse illegible. Mint uncertain.

DENO-07C12A: COIN
An incomplete copper alloy Roman contemporary copy radiate (barbarous radiate) of Divus Claudius, dating to the period AD 275-285 (Reece period 14). CONSECRATIO reverse type, depicting an eagle. Mint uncertain.

DENO-A707FD: COIN
A complete copper alloy Roman radiate of Tetricus I (AD 270-273), dating to the period AD 270-273 (Reece period 13). VICTORIA AVG reverse type, depicting Victory advancing left, holding wreath in front. Mint I. Normanby 1466 / 1468

DENO-A6832C: COIN
A complete copper alloy Roman radiate of Victorinus (AD 269-271), dating to AD 269-271 (Reece period 13). PROVIDENTIA AVG reverse type, depicting standing figure of Providentia, left, with rudder on globe in front and cornucopia behind. Gallic Mint II. Normanby 1445A.

DENO-A61E60: COIN
A complete copper alloy Roman nummus of Magnentius (AD 350-353), dating to AD 350-353 (Reece period 18). VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE reverse type, depicting two figures of Victory, facing each other, holding a shield between them reading VOT / V / MVLT / X. Mint uncertain. Mintmark in exergue illegible.

DENO-592E62: COIN
A complete copper alloy sestertius of Faustina II (AD 161-175), commemorative issue minted during the reign of Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180), dating to c.AD 175 (Reece Period 8). AETERNITAS reverse type, depicting Aeternitas standing, head left, lifting drapery to the left and holding torch to the right, with S - C in field. RIC 1692 (volume 3)

DENO-58AF21: COIN
A complete struck copper alloy stater (probably originally plated but no trace of plating remains); AVN COST left type; Corieltauvi tribal area; dating to ABC Phase 8 c.AD 10 - 40. Obverse has debased wreath, crossed by a bar with a crescent at either end; ring of pellets in each crescent, and decorated 'S' motif beside crescent; Reverse has lunate horse left with [A]VN above and [T COS]T below. ABC 1929; VA 910; BMC 3258

DENO-582B1A: COIN
An incomplete struck silver unit of uninscribed 'South Ferriby Daisy' type; Corieltauvi tribal area; dating to ABC Phase 6 c.50-20 BC. Obverse plain; Reverse has horse, right, with double upper front legs, a long wide open mouth, and a rosette of pellets above. ABC 1806; VA 884; BMC 3228-3229

DENO-DB4892: BROOCH
An almost complete, zoomorphic 2nd century Roman cast copper alloy lion brooch with grooved decorative mane behind head,and down around the shoulders of the body. Length 37.6mm, height 17.8mm, thickness (plate) 2.5mm, thickness (Inc. lugs) 7.1mm, weight 6.06g - NB there is some modern foam stuck to the back.

DENO-4887C2: TOKEN
A complete lead or lead alloy Unifaced token of the Medieval to Post Medieval period, dating from c. AD 1400 - c. AD 1800. The token is broadly circular in plan and has been decorated on the obverse face. The decoration is in the form of a long cross with a single pellet in each quadrant. (Powell Type: 14)The reverse is undecorated. This form of decoration is common and has many similarities to the reverse decoration on silver pennies of the period. Diameter 18.04 mm Thickness 2.27 mm Weight 3.05 g Ref: Fletcher 'Leaden Tokens and Tallies; Roman to Victorian' (pp. 40-41 and 45)

DENO-2FA948: MOUNT
An incomplete Early Post-Medieval (1500-1700) copper alloy openwork mount, both terminals are intact. It measures; 27.9 mm length, 10.8 mm width, 1.6 mm thick, 2.02 grams. The mount was presumably symmetrical originally. It has a convex openwork lozenge at the centre, decorated with a fleur-de-lis design behind which are the attachment spikes. The copper alloy has traces of a black coating on the surface. Other examples on this database are NLM-975116 and BH-058870.

DENO-BB28A0: WEIGHT
Medieval weight; cast lead suspension weight of probable medieval date. The weight is flat with a roughly rectangular cross-section. It is triangular in plan but drawn out at the apex to form a large knop which is pierced to make a suspension loop. Height 34.2mm, width 28.8mm, thickness 10.6mm, weight 51.1g

DENO-1F86D7: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, dating to 335-341. Soldiers with one standard reverse. Trier mint. Possibly a contemporary copy due to its small size and somewhat rough images. Obv. Diademed bust of emperor right […CONSTANTIN]VS P[F AVG] Rev. Two soldiers with one standard between them [GLO]RIAEXE[RCITVS] Mint mark ‘TR.P’ in exergue Diameter 15.2mm, thickness 1.2mm, weight 1.13g Ref: Reece and James ‘Identifying Roman Coins’ (pp. 34-37, nos. 98 & 100)

DENO-1F6E94: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of Valens, dating to 364-378. Victory reverse. Lyons mint, first officina. Obv. Diademed bust of emperor right [DN VA]LEN/S PF AVG Rev. Victory advancing left holding holding wreath out in front. ‘OF / I’ to either side. SECVRITAS / [REIPU]BL[ICAE] Mint mark ‘LVGP’ in exergue Diameter 18.2mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 2.51g Ref: Reece and James ‘Identifying Roman Coins’ (pp. 40 & 41, no. 141) LRBC 319

DENO-1F5F06: COIN
Roman coin; incomplete struck copper alloy nummus of Constantine II, dating to 318-324. Votive altar reverse. London mint. Obv. Helmeted and cuirassed bust of emperor right [CONS]TANTI/NVS IVN NC Rev. Votive altar with globe on top and three stars above. The altar reads ‘VOT / IS / XX’. Letter ‘P’ to the left of the altar and a further, indistinguishable letter to the right. BE[A]T TRA/[NQVILITAS] Mint mark ‘PLON’ in exergue Diameter 18.3mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 1.96g Ref: Reece and James ‘Identifying Roman Coins’ (pp. 32 & 33, no. 76)

DENO-1F4FE6: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; cast copper alloy buckle frame dating from the 13th or 14th century. The buckle has a single, square loop with slightly out-curved sides of flat cross-section. The outer edge of the frame is expanded and flattened to give a broad panel decorated with incised, transverse lines. The pin bar is narrow with a rounded cross-section. Length 17.5mm, width 15.1mm, thickness 3.4mm, weight 1.69g Ref: Whitehead ‘Buckles; 1250-1800’ (pp. 21, nos. 77-82)

DENO-1F4483: STRAP FITTING
Medieval strap slider; cast copper alloy strap loop of 12th or 13th century date. The slider consists of a single, trapezoidal loop with a little knop extending into the loop on either side, just above the shorter of the long sides. Length 22.6mm, width 15.8mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 1.73g Ref: Egan, et al ‘Dress Accessories: Medieval finds from excavations in London’ (pp. 231-235, fig 149, nos. 1254-1258)

DENO-1F3AD3: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy buckle frame of probable 17th century date. The buckle frame is of asymmetrical, double-loop style, with a rectangular loop and a rounded loop, separated by the pin bar. The frame is broad and sturdy with a roughly square cross-section. The pin bar is narrower. The rectangular loop has a notch in the centre of the outer edge, where the pin would sit, and the rounded loop has an expanded, rounded area in the same position. The whole buckle frame has been twisted out of shape and the rounded loop has broken on the side, seemingly from the stress of the twisting of the buckle. Length 40.2mm, width 27.5mm, thickness 2.6mm, weight 7.77g Whitehead ‘Buckles; 1250-1800’ (pp. 91, nos. 569-573)

DENO-1F34D6: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of unknown emperor, dating to the rough period 296-400. Mint unknown Obv. Too worn to identify Inscription illegible Rev. Too worn to identify Inscription illegible Mint mark illegible Diameter 12.5mm, thickness 0.9mm, weight 0.66g

DENO-1F23F6: COIN
Roman coin; incomplete struck copper alloy nummus of unknown emperor, dating to the rough period 296-400. Mint unknown Obv. Diademed and draped bust of emperor right Inscription missing Rev. Too worn to identify Inscription illegible Mint mark illegible Diameter 15.4mm, thickness 1.2mm, weight 1.04g

DENO-1F1B66: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of unknown emperor, dating to the rough period 296-400. Mint unknown Obv. Head of emperor right Inscription illegible Rev. Too worn to identify Inscription illegible Mint mark illegible Diameter 16.4mm, thickness 1.4mm, weight 1.58g

DENO-1F0FC6: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, dating to 330-335. Soldiers with two standards reverse. Mint unknown. Obv. Head of emperor right Inscription illegible Rev. Two soldiers standing with two standards between Inscription illegible [GLOR/IA EXERC/ITVS] Mint mark illegible Diameter 15.9mm, thickness 1.4mm, weight 1.21g Ref: Reece and James ‘Identifying Roman Coins’ (pp. 34 & 35, no. 97)

DENO-1EFBD7: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of Gratian dating to 367-378. Arles mint. (Note – the emperor and mint identification of this coin are based on the reverse type, which is only known for Gratian at Arles.) Obv. Diademed bust of emperor right Inscription illegible Rev. Emperor standing left with standard and shield Inscription illegible [GLORIA NO/VI SAECULI] Mint mark illegible Diameter 17.4mm, thickness 1.6mm, weight 2.01g Ref: Reece and James ‘Identifying Roman Coins’ (pp. 40 & 41, no. 142)

DENO-1EE612: BROOCH
Roman brooch; cast copper alloy dolphin brooch of 1st or 2nd century date. The brooch has long, narrow wings with a hole in the centre at the back for the pin hinge. The bow is narrow, curved and tapering, with a slightly squared cross section. The brooch is decorated with a single transverse line at the end of each wing and at the foot. The catchplate is fixed behind the lower bow of the brooch and is complete. The pin and its mechanism are missing. The whole has an even, tactile patina. Length 42.1mm, width 24.2mm, thickness 14.6mm, weight 6.98g Ref: Hattatt ‘A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt’s Ancient Brooches’ (pp. 299, fig. 158)

DENO-915122: BRIDLE BIT
Early medieval horse harness bit link; cast copper alloy bit link of 11th century date. The link has a lozengiform terminal at one end, with a circular hole in the middle of the lozenge and three knops, one on each of three corners of the lozenge. The fourth corner extends into a bar, which has a thick, undecorated collar partway along it and which has a large, oval loop at the other terminal. The oval loop has worn through at the far end. These bit links were attached by the oval loop to the end of the horse's bit. The lozengiform terminal was attached to the reins. As the link swung from the bit at the oval end, it is common to find them worn through at this point. Length 58.2mm, width 22.7mm, thickness 9.4mm, weight 25.93g Ref: Williams 'Finds Research Group Datasheet 39: Anglo-Scandinavian Horse Harness Fittings' (pp. 4, fig. 5)

DENO-577F73: TILE
Post medieval tile; fragment of tile of probable late 17th or 18th century date. The tile is very hard fired with a reduced, dark grey fabric with an almost glassy appearance to the surfaces. It has frequent small and tiny inclusions of black, non-crystalline material. Length 69.3mm, width 57.9mm, thickness 21.4mm, weight 119.2g

DENO-577325: TILE
Roman tile; fragment of tile of possible Roman date. The tile is of bright, oxidised orange fabric with many, small impressions on one face where it has been dried in sand. This technique suggests a Roman date. The tile has many voids and inclusions; frequent, tiny, colourless, crystalline inclusions and sparse, large, white stone inclusions. Length 77.7mm, width 62.6mm, thickness 18.2mm, weight 97.4g

DENO-61F656: VESSEL
Post medieval vessel; rim sherd of black glazed pottery of probable 16th or 17th century date. The fabric is very fine red-brown pottery with occasional small voids and no other obvious inclusions. It is glazed on both the interior and exterior with a thin, dark brown-black glaze. The vessel had a simple, curved rim with a rounded edge. Length 62.1mm, width 35.4mm, thickness 7.0mm, approximate diameter of original vessel mouth (external) 80mm, weight 23.37g.

DENO-61F1A7: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; body sherd of probable misfired medieval pottery. The sherd is a very hard, reduced fabric of dark grey-purple colour with bubbling and pitting on both interior and exterior surfaces, suggesting that it has been misfired. Length 45.1mm, width 43.8mm, thickness 12.6mm, weight 25.64g

DENO-61EC26: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; rim sherd of probable medieval date. The sherd is of coarse, oxidised, bright orange fabric with many small voids and infrequent inclusions of tiny white non-crystalline material and dark, shiny, crystalline material. There are occasional large (c.2mm) white, stoney pieces. The sherd is very abraded but indicates a short, turned rim almost at right angles to the side of the vessel. Length 60.8mm, width 40.3mm, thickness 13.0mm, approximate diameter of original vessel mouth (internal) 75mm, weight 32.33g

DENO-61E655: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; handle sherd of medieval pottery. The sherd is of soft, sandy, oxidised ware with an orange fabric containing numerous inclusions of tiny and small non-crystalline stoney material in white, red-brown and dark grey. The handle is a large, chunky, strap handle of oval cross-section which flattens somewhat towards one end, suggesting that this was approaching the point where it was attached to the vessel. Length 86.3mm, width 38.5mm, thickness 25.3mm, weight 105.9g

DENO-61E0A5: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; rim sherd of probable medieval pottery. The sherd is of soft, sandy, oxidised ware with an orange fabric and pale cream surface on both the interior and exterior. The fabric has numerous tiny voids and very frequent inclusions of tiny, sandy, pale, crystalline material and both white and black non-crystalline material. The vessel was a large jug or cooking pot with a widely flared rim that had a sharply flattened edge. Length 72.2mm, width 57.7mm, thickness 14.7mm, approximate diameter of original vessel mouth (external) 140mm, weight 51.5g

DENO-61DA22: VESSEL
Roman vessel; body sherd of probable early Roman pottery. The sherd is of varying thicknesses, suggesting hand shaping, and seems to have been fired-blackened on its outer surface. It has a pale orange, oxidised fabric with a cream-white exterior surface. The fabric has a few, tiny voids. There are occasional large, stone inclusions and some tiny, colourless crystalline inclusions as well as many tiny, brown-red non-crystalline inclusions. Length 88.6mm, width 51.7mm, thickness 10.5mm, weight 48.26g

DENO-61D4C0: VESSEL
Roman vessel; rim sherd of Roman pottery of 2nd-4th century date, probably Derbyshire Ware or similar. The sherd is of a coarse, hard, reduced fabric of dark grey colour with many inclusions of white crystalline and sandy material, ranging in size from frequent tiny pieces to occasional large (c.2.5mm) pieces. The vessel has a curving, rolled rim with an interior ‘step’, presumably for seating a lid. Length 36.9mm, width 26.7mm, thickness 9.7mm, approximate diameter of original vessel mouth (external) 90mm, weight 13.43g

DENO-61C871: BUTTON
Medieval button; cast lead alloy button of probable 14th or 15th century date. The button is a circular domed shape, with a moulded design on the outer face. The design consists of a pellet in the centre with 8 ‘petals’ radiating from it. The reverse has a casting seam across it and an indent in the centre where the attachment loop has broken off. Diameter 14.8mm, thickness 4.8mm, weight 3.06g Ref: Bailey ‘Buttons and Fasteners’ (pp. 19, fig. 6.8)

DENO-61C2E4: CLOTH SEAL
Post medieval seal; incomplete cast lead cloth or bag seal of probable post medieval date. The fragment consists of one half of the seal, being a roughly oval piece of lead, moulded on the front with a long cross with a pellet in two opposing quadrants and a diagonal line in the other two opposing quadrants. The reverse has a roughly circular indent where the seal has been broken away from whatever it was attached to. Length 20.9mm, width 18.0mm, thickness 4.1mm, weight 8.35g

DENO-61BC16: JETTON
Post medieval jeton; struck copper alloy jeton of probable early post medieval date. Very worn. Obv. Seemingly, a crown above with three shields below Inscription illegible Rev. A large squared shield Inscription illegible Diameter 23.9mm, thickness 0.6mm, weight 1.98g

DENO-61A335: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy buckle frame of late 17th or early 18th century date (c.1660-1720). The buckle frame is of the 2 piece shoe or knee buckle type, and has been drilled to hold a separate spindle. The frame is trapezoidal in shape and moulded with leaf-shaped pin rests at either end and raised scrolls on either sided of the spindle holes. The spindle is still present, together with the majority of the chape. The terminal end of the chape is missing, as is the spike. Length 40.0mm, width 24.3mm, thickness 4.1mm, weight 8.15g Ref: Whitehead, page 98, buckles 610 and 611

DENO-809BF3: COIN
Medieval coin; struck silver cut halfpenny of Richard I, John or Henry III, dating from the period c.1189-1242. Class 2-5c, 6b2, 7b or 7c. Canterbury mint. Moneyer Roberd, Robert or Robert VI. Obv. Crowned bust of king facing, holding sceptre (crown and top of sceptre present) HENR[ICVS REX] Rev. Voided short cross. Four pellets forming a quatrefoil in each quadrant. ROB[ER...ON.C]ANT Diameter 19.16mm, weight 0.56g.

DENO-F4D381: COIN
Post medieval coin; struck silver halfgroat of Elizabeth I, third issue dating to 1587-1590. Crescent mint mark. Very worn Obv. Crowned bust of queen facing left. Two pellets behind [E D G ROSA S]INE SP[INA] Rev. Squared shield over long cross fourchee which divides the legend. CIVI / TA[S / LON / DON] Diameter 15.9mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 0.62g Ref: North, volume II, page 137, coin 2016

DENO-F4C431: COIN
Post medieval coin; pierced struck silver penny of the Commonwealth, dating to 1649-1660. No initial mark. Obv. Shield of St George within a wreath formed of palm and laurel No inscription Rev. Conjoined shields of St George (for England) and the harp of Ireland. Denomination ‘.I.’ above No inscription Diameter 13.9mm, thickness 0.4mm, weight 0.41g Ref: North, volume II, page 206, coin 2729

DENO-F4B7B4: COIN
Medieval coin; Scottish struck silver cut farthing of William I, short cross coinage, phase B, dating to c.1205-1230. This coin is of the type without a mint name but with both the Edinburgh and Perth moneyers’ names. Obverse mintmark missing. Obv. Crowned bust facing left LE R[EI WILAM] Rev. Voided short cross with six-pointed star in the present quadrant. [HVE WALT]ER Length 9.8mm, thickness 0.9mm, weight 0.32g Ref: Spink ‘Coins of Scotland, Ireland and the Islands’, page 14, coin 5029

DENO-F4AEF0: COIN WEIGHT
Post medieval coin weight; struck copper alloy coin weight for a Scottish thistle crown of James I. The weight is circular with markings on both faces. The obverse has a thistle with 'I. / .R' to either side. The reverse has a crown above the denomination 'IIII S / 4D1/2'. Per Withers, the circular weights for this coin, although marked for James I were actually made after 1632, during the reign of Charles I. Diameter 14.3mm, thickness 1.3mm, weight 1.51g Ref: Withers 'Lions, Ships and Angels', page 35.

DENO-F4A696: KEY (LOCKING)
Medieval casket key; cast copper alloy key of probable 13th century date. Small key with simple, circular suspension loop. The shaft is short, hollow and of oval cross-section. The key bit is very simple, consisting of a single, rectangular tine running parallel to the shaft. The key is quite worn at the top of the loop, where it would have been suspended. Length 34.5mm, width 13.0mm, thickness 4.6mm, weight 5.05g

DENO-F49DD5: SPUR
Post medieval spur; cast copper alloy spur rowel of probable 16th or 17th century date. The rowel is in the form of a five-pointed star with quite long, narrow, petal-shaped points. There is a crude circular piercing in the centre of the rowel. Width (diameter) 32.9mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 5.37g Ref: compare the rowels illustrated in Read’s ‘History Beneath our Feet’, pages 126-127, artefacts 805 & 806.

DENO-F49643: WEIGHT
Post medieval weight; cast copper alloy trade weight of Charles I or II, dating from 1625-1685. The weight is circular with a raised lip around the edge on one face. Both faces have a small circular indent at the centre. The face with the lip is stamped on the lower section with three marks – the crowned letter ‘C’ indicating the monarch, the ewer of the Founders’ Company and the sword which is the City of London (Guildhall) mark. These marks indicate that the weight was authenticated by the Founders’ Company of London. It weighs the equivalent of about 2/5 oz. Diameter 26.6mm, thickness 3.6mm, weight 11.87g Ref: Biggs “English Weights; an illustrated study”, pages 48-67, especially pages 50-51.

DENO-F48AA7: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy dupondius or as of unknown emperor, possibly Trajan (98-117) Obv. Head of emperor facing right [IM]PTRA[IANO…] Rev. Too worn to see No inscription legible Diameter 27.8mm, thickness 3.6mm, weight 9.90g

DENO-F48040: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy dupondius of unknown emperor, dated to the rough period c.43-260. Obv. Radiate head of emperor facing right […]S[…]NO[..A]VG[…] Rev. Too worn to see No inscription legible Diameter 22.8mm, thickness 3.3mm, weight 8.79g

DENO-F46FD6: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of Helena, dating to AD 324-5 (Reece Period 16), SECVRITAS REI PVBLICE, Securitas standing left, holding branch. Mint of Trier, - // STR. RIC VII, p. 205, no. 458. Diameter 19.7mm, thickness 1.7mm, weight 2.58

DENO-F46551: BUCKLE
Medieval strap end buckle; incomplete cast copper alloy buckle of the ‘belt chape’ type, dating to around the 14th century. The buckle plate is of a broad, flat box type. The end has three broken nubs which give the suggestion of an elaborate openwork buckle frame which is now missing. Length 35.3mm, width 26.7mm, thickness 4.4mm, weight 13.03g Ref: compare artefact number 1 in figure 85 on page 270 of the Museum of London Medieval Catalogue.

DENO-F45611: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; cast copper alloy repair patch for a medieval bronze vessel. The patch consists of two roughly square plates of sheet copper alloy, joined at the centre by a large, rough, folded rivet. The squares are of similar size but are not aligned. Length 39.2mm, width 44.5mm, thickness 5.4mm, weight 20.88g Ref: similar patch repairs are discussed in ‘The Medieval Household’, on page 176.

DENO-F44BC7: WEIGHT
Post medieval weight; cast lead fishing net weight, or similar, of probable 16th or 17th century date. The weight is a long, narrow oval of roughly oval cross-section. There is a rolled edge all around on both sides. One end is broken away with the remaining nubs suggesting that there was originally a suspension loop at that end. Length 74.1mm, width 20.1mm, thickness 9.0mm, weight 65.4g

DENO-F43B34: BOOK
Modern souvenir; cast copper alloy book, a souvenir of Norwich, probably dating from the late 19th or very early 20th century. The book is rectangular, with cast covers and two discreet leaves within, all held together by a composite pin hinge along the ‘spine’. One cover has the word ‘NORWICH’ stamped diagonally across it. The other has a curly, foliate pattern across its surface. The interior pages have no extant decoration. It has been suggested that this object may relate to the craze for miniature photography in the late Victorian era, although this interpretation is not certain. Length 18.5mm, width 16.6mm, thickness (closed) 5.5mm, weight 3.92g

DENO-F41F36: LACE TAG
Medieval chape; rolled copper alloy lace tag of late 14th or 15th century. The chape is formed from a sheet of copper alloy, rolled into a tapering tube. It has an edge to edge seam along one side. Length 42.4mm, diameter (at mouth) 7.7mm, weight 2.13g Ref: See 'Dress Accessories', pages 281-290

DENO-92C5E8: COIN
Roman coin: copper alloy sestertius of Marcus Aurelius, IMP VI COS III RELIG AVG (Tetrastyle temple with Mercury on pedestal within temple), mint of Rome, AD 172-173. RIC III no. 1075.

DENO-7DF354: SPEAR
Roman spear butt; cast copper alloy door knob type spear ferrule, probably dating to the late Roman or early Early Medieval period. The butt has a large, hollow, flattened circular base with a narrow, cylindrical shaft which flares slightly towards the top end. There is a ridge at the joint of the shaft and the base. Sections of the mouth of the shaft are missing. The whole has a tactile, dark brown patina over its surface, although the surface is missing in many places and patches of pale green copper corrosion can be seen. Similar objects have been recorded on the database as HAMP-EFC828, GLO-41E0E8, and SUR-381972 and dated to the general period 3rd-6th centuries. Length 50.2mm, diameter (base) 41.6mm, diameter (mouth) 18.9mm, weight 82.8g

DENO-75F1D5: BROOCH
Roman brooch; fragment of small, cast copper alloy T-shaped brooch of 1st or 2nd century date. The brooch has narrow, cylindrical wings and a bow with moulded decoration. Only the very top of the bow is present and it is quite worn so the decoration cannot be closely distinguished but it seems to have a central ridge running down the bow with symmetrical patterns to either side. There is a possible indication of some enamelling. The pin is missing but would have been hinged. Length 13.9mm, width 21.4mm, thickness 4.8mm, weight 3.08g Ref: Compare the brooches illustrated in Hattatt, page 302 (figure 161), especially brooch 395 which seems to have similar decoration.

DENO-75E533: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; small cast copper alloy buckle with pin and fragment of buckle plate dating to the period c.1350-1450. The buckle is of the single-looped, D-shaped type with a narrowed and recessed pin bar and a notched lip to receive the end of the pin. The pin is still present as a simple, tapering band of copper alloy curled around the pin bar. To the left of the pin there is a small fragment of sheet copper alloy also curled around the pin bar. This is presumably a remnant of the buckle plate which would have attached the buckle to a strap. Length 17.3mm, width 14.2mm, thickness 4.5mm, weight 1.78g Ref: See the buckles at the bottom of Whitehead, page 20, especially number 71.

DENO-75DB63: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, dated to 330-335, VRBS ROMA type Obv. Helmeted head of Rome, facing left VR[BS / ROMA] Rev. Wolf and twins No inscription Mintmark illegible Diameter 14.7mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 0.86g

DENO-75CB57: COIN
Medieval coin; struck silver penny of Richard I or John, class 4a, dated to 1194 – c.1200. London mint, moneyer Willelm. Obv. Crowned head of king, facing, holding sceptre. Fairly crude portrait, five pellets in band of crown, at least 2 curls to either side of face, beard of pellets. [HEN]RICVS R/[EX] Rev. Voided short cross with four pellets in each quadrant. Cross pattee initial mark. WILLELM.ON.LVND (ligated ND) Diameter 18.3mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 1.21g Ref: North, Volume I, page 220, coin 668/1

DENO-75BDE2: SPEARHEAD
Bronze Age spear; tip fragment of cast copper alloy socketed spearhead of probable middle or late Bronze Age date (c. 1400 - 800 BC). The fragment is approximately the last 6cm of the spear. It has a narrow, prominent midrib with a sharply-humped, oval cross section. The broken end of the spear tip shows that there is a circular hole, somewhat off-centre of the midribs, indicating that this was a socketed spearhead and therefore of a later date than the solid, tanged spearheads. The blade wings are thin and quite narrow with a small edge bevel. In profile they flare from the tip with a straight, narrow shape indicating that this spearhead was more likely to be triangular-bladed than with a leaf-shaped blade. The whole has an even, tactile, dark red-brown patina over its surface. Much of the original surface remains. Length 58.3mm, width 23.5mm, thickness (midrib at point of break) 9.9mm, weight 21.96g Ref: See, for instance, Adkins' "Thesaurus of British Archaeology", page 58 which illustrates a triangular-bladed basal looped spearhead from the Penard phase, c. 1300 - 1150 BC.

DENO-75B237: MOUNT
Early Anglo-Saxon mount from horse-harness. Cast copper-alloy mount with gilded Style I chip carving, dating the mount to the 6th century. The mount is a regular lozenge shape with a face-mask at each of the three remaining corners. The fourth corner is missing so we cannot say whether it was originally a symmetrical lozenge mount or the terminal of a larger object. The centre of the mount has a circular setting which contains the remains of some enamel or paste. This is currently a pale red colour, but may have discoloured over time. It may be a decorative enamel or the fixant for a stone which is now missing. The lozenge panel surrounding the central fitting is decorated with two gilt, Style I beasts with triple-stranded ribbon bodies, a crouching leg and a roundish head with a pellet eye. There is a high relief, single ridge border around this panel followed by a broader, plain band of plate border. The three remaining corners have a face mask, two of which are partial and one of which is complete. The masks have arched eyebrows, pellet eyes, triangular noses and prominent cheekbones. The complete face mask has a flat, sub-oval panel beneath the nose. The panel is now undecorated. Contemporary parallels for this style of decoration sometimes have applied sheet silver covering the panels at the terminals, giving the distinctive Bichrome Style, which may have been the case on this mount, although there is now no remaining evidence to confirm this. Length 33.0mm, width 32.3mm, thickness 3.3mm, weight 5.18g This can be identified as a bridle mount from the four similar cruciform mounts from the horse-harness at Eriswell, Suffolk, grave 4116 (Fern 2005). Fern quotes many parallels, both single finds and from graves, where they can be re-used. Similar items on the PAS database include DENO-A99AB3 and SF8477. See also Mills page 69, object AS166 which has similar gilt animal decoration and very similar face masks.

DENO-75A187: THIMBLE
Post medieval thimble; cast copper alloy thimble with remains of something potentially organic inside. This thimble probably dates to the 16th or early 17th century. The thimble is of domed shape with a very broad base and fairly shallow curve. It has hand-drilled indentations running in a spiral up from the base towards the crown, where there is a small, circular bare patch or ‘tonsure’ with no indentations. The spiral pattern suggests a date of 16th century or later and the tonsure indicates that the thimble was made before c.1650. The thimble has relatively thick walls and quite large indentations, which suggest that it was intended for fairly coarse work. There is a single small notch in the rim of the thimble. The metal has an uneven patina with some areas having a build-up of pale, powdery, green copper corrosion, most notably on the interior surface and filling many of the indentations on the exterior. The thimble contains a small, thin fragment of a separate material. It has taken the shape of the interior of the thimble and the convex exterior of this fragment has also taken the pale green-turquoise colour of the copper corrosion from the interior of the thimble. However, the interior surface of the fragment can be seen to have a fibrous consistency, suggesting that it is some form of preserved organic material, possibly from a fabric lining or similar. Height 21.1mm, diameter 22.9mm, weight 9.94g Ref: See Holmes’ Datasheet on Sewing Thimbles for details of type, function and dating. Note especially figure 2 object a, which is very similar to this thimble.

DENO-72F056: MOUNT
Early medieval mount; cast copper alloy mount with applied decoration with inlaid silver wire. The mount probably dates from the 11th century. It is of roughly triangular shape with large, circular rivet holes. There are two holes in the ‘base’ of the triangle, one of which has a break running through it. There is then a smaller hole in the centre of the mount and the tip of the triangle has a curved break, suggesting that there was a fourth rivet hole there. The mount is decorated on one face with narrow, applied strips forming four, back-to-back curls. Each of the strips is further decorated with inlaid silver wire. The reverse is undecorated. The mount has a rough, grey-green patina over its surface. It is cracked across the tip although it is still in one piece at the moment. Length 63.1mm, width 24.3mm, thickness 2.2mm, weight 8.9g

DENO-E16F73: VESSEL
Post medieval vessel; base sherd of pottery of probable post medieval date. The sherd has concentric circular ridges across the exterior face, indicative of where the vessel has been cut off the wheel with wire. However, the sherd is too small to give any indication of the form of the vessel. The fabric is an oxidised, orange-red material with many tiny crystalline inclusions. Length 32.2mm, width 31.8mm, thickness 5.1mm, weight 6.70g

DENO-E16643: VESSEL
Post medieval vessel; rim sherd of post medieval salt-glazed stoneware dating to the 18th or 19th century. The vessel had a simple straight rim with no collar or curled shape. The cross-section shows that the vessel narrowed slightly at the rim and that the rim itself is slightly rounded. The vessel is of a reduced, grey fabric with many tiny, crystalline inclusions and frequent larger inclusion of both white and black crystalline material. It has a brown salt-glaze on the exterior and covering the rim. Length 39.7mm, width 29.8mm, thickness 7.1mm, weight 10.01g

DENO-E15ED7: VESSEL
Post medieval vessel; body sherd of glazed pottery, probably dating to the 16th or early 17th century. The pottery has an oxidised, orange-red fabric with many tiny inclusions of crystalline material. It is glazed on the exterior with a dark brown glaze. Length 38.8mm, width 33.5mm, thickness 7.1mm, weight 14.40g

DENO-E12AA0: VESSEL
Post medieval vessel; body sherd of glazed pottery, probably dating to the 16th or early 17th century. The pottery has an oxidised, orange-red fabric with many tiny inclusions of crystalline material. It is glazed on the exterior with a dark brown glaze. Length 72.3mm, width 47.3mm, thickness 9.2mm, weight 33.51g

DENO-B6F215: STRAP END
Early medieval strap end; cast copper alloy strap end of probably 9th century date. The strap end is formed of a single sheet of metal which splits at the back end to grip the strap. The front face is decorated with a broad animal-head terminal with a small, crescentic panel behind the head. The main panel of the strap end is decorated with incised interlace decoration in an abstract, possibly zoomorphic design. There are traces of gilding on the interlace panel. The back face is plain and undecorated. The strap end narrows to a rounded back end and is fixed with a single rivet in the centre. The rivet is still present. The strap end is rather worn and the surface is somewhat pitted and corroded. Length 34.4mm, width 11.8mm, thickness 4.2mm, weight 2.8g Ref: Compare the strap ends on page 23 of Mills

Roman coin; lightly clipped silver siliqua of Eugenius, dated to 392-394. Milan. VIRTVS ROMANORVM. RIC IX 32c Diameter 15.6mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 0.99g

DENO-797D54: COIN
Roman coin; incomplete struck silver denarius of Julia Domna, issued under Caracalla, dating to 213-217, Rome mint Obv. Coiffured bust of queen facing right [I]VLIA PIA / FEL[IX] AVG Rev. Draped figure of Vesta standing left holding palladium and sceptre VES / T[A] Diameter 18.3mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 1.60g Ref: RIC, vol IV, part I, page 274, coin 390

DENO-796636: WEIGHT
Cast lead weight, small, bun-shaped weight with a large, roughly circular hole pierced through it off-centre. The weight has an even, thick, white patina over its surface. Length 19.6mm, width 18.3mm, thickness 9.9mm, weight 14.75g Lead weights, especially those possibly used as spindle whorls or loom weights, are notoriously difficult to date out of context since very similar designs were in use from the Roman period through to the early Post Medieval era.

DENO-7955C7: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; cast lead spindle whorl with decoration on both faces. The spindle whorl is of a double conical shape with a large, cylindrical hole through the centre. Both faces are decorated with lines and dots in low relief, although the whorl is too worn for the pattern to be discerned. The spindle whorl has a patchy, thin, cream-white patina over its surface. Diameter 25.5mm, thickness 15.9mm, weight 31.78g Spindle whorls are notoriously difficult to date out of context since very similar designs were in use from the Roman period through to the early Post Medieval era.

DENO-792CE0: COIN
Medieval coin; struck farthing of Edward I, II or III, unknown type, dating to the period 1279 – 1377. Obv. Crowned bust of the king, facing ED[…]AN Rev. Long cross pattee dividing the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. CI[VI/TAS/LON]/DON Diameter 12.2mm, thickness 0.3mm, weight 0.26g

DENO-7913D7: COIN
Iron Age coin; cast copper alloy potin of ‘Thurrock’ type, probably dating to the late 2nd century BC The coin is of the earlier, thicker type and has quite realistic designs. Both sides of the coin have the remains of the casting sprues. Obv. Helmeted head facing left (very worn) No inscription Rev. Bull butting right No inscription Diameter 15.9mm, width (across casting sprues) 18.3mm, thickness 4.2mm, weight 3.28g Ref: Hobbs, page 82, coins 660-665, illustrated on plate 24

DENO-760342: COIN
Post medieval coin; struck silver shilling of Edward VI, coinage in his own name, but mint mark indistinct and date on reverse confusing. Therefore can only be dated to the period April 1547 – 1553. Obv. Crowned and clothed profile bust of the king facing left EDWA[…]AGIE.FRA[…] Rev. Ornamented oval shield with the letters ‘E / R’ to either side TI[…]S.VI[…]LIX Diameter 30.6mm, thickness 1.0mm, weight 4.48g Ref: North, vol II, pages 120-125

DENO-75BAA6: MOUNT
Medieval mount; cast copper alloy openwork mount probably dating to the 11th or 12th centuries. The mount is roughly circular in shape with a frame around the edge and the design within that frame. The design seems to be a lion or other beast facing left with one forepaw upraised. The beast is looking back over its shoulder and seems to have a long, curling tail reaching up to meet its head. The frame narrows at one side of the mount and an area of the frame is missing, approximately opposite the narrowed section. The mount has a number of small holes, in addition to the openwork design, which could have been used as rivet holes for attachment. Length 35.8mm, width 30.9mm, thickness 3.0mm, weight 6.57g Ref: See Benet page 404, mount M09-0206 for an oval openwork mount with a very similar design of a beast looking over its back to its tail.

DENO-FB8FB5: BROOCH
Roman brooch fragment; cast copper alloy fragment from a dragonesque brooch with enamelled decoration. This fragment dates to the 2nd century AD. The fragment is a debased dragon head, therefore representing either the head or the foot of the complete brooch. It has a large, leaf-shaped ‘ear’ section with a ridge in high relief running along its length. The bottom end of this section narrows to a band which curls round and up to rejoin the main section, leaving an openwork circle. This curl is the debased ‘snout’ section. There is also a short, narrow stem extending out from the bottom left side of the ear section. This would be the ‘neck’ and is broken off at the point where it would have expanded into the ‘body’ section of the brooch. The ear section is decorated with two panels of red enamel, on either side of the central ridge, much of which survives. Length 18.6mm, width 15.4mm, thickness 5.5mm, weight 2.69g Ref: see Hattat, page 351 (fig 210) for examples of dragonesque brooches. Brooch 608 has a similar openwork curl at the ‘snout’ position.

DENO-FB74B5: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; cast copper alloy, single loop buckle of probable 15th or 16th century date. The buckle frame is a simple D shape which expands at the apex of the curve so that the actual loop is sub-rectangular. Most of the frame has an oval cross-section but it narrows and flattens for the pin bar. There are three incised transverse lines across the apex of the buckle frame, where the point of the pin rests. The pin is a simple flattened, tapering strip of copper alloy folded around the pin bar. It is still complete. The whole buckle has an even, thick, tactile, grey-green patina over its surface. Length (pin bar to back of frame) 20.5mm, width (side to side of buckle) 24.8mm, thickness 3.4mm, weight 3.96g Ref: Compare the buckles of Type IF in Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”, described in both parts 6 and 7.

DENO-FB6751: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; cast lead spindle whorl of unusual design. Thick, circular spindle whorl with cylindrical hole through the centre. Large V-shaped channels have been cut out of the spindle whorl on both face, around the whole circle, giving a corrugated feel to the finished article. Diameter 29.9mm, thickness 13.1mm, weight 52.1g Spindle whorls are notoriously difficult to date out of context since very similar designs were in use from the Roman period through to the early Post Medieval era.

DENO-FB5786: COIN
Roman coin; fragment of struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, Sol Invictus reverse, dating to 307-318. Obverse very worn so the exact emperor cannot be determined. This fragment is approximately 2/3 of the original coin. Obv. Head of emperor facing right, very worn […]IA[…] Rev. Sol Invictus facing, with cape draped over left shoulder, holding whip and globe [SOL INVI]C / TO[CO]M[ILIT] Diameter 18.7mm, thickness 1.8mm, weight 1.51g

DENO-FB44C0: BLADE
Neolithic blade; curved flint blade with reworked cutting edges along both sides and squared-off end. The flint is semi-translucent brown-black and there is an area of pale, chalky brown cortex at one end of the blade. The other end has a small, prominent bulb of percussion on the back face. The blade is of roughly triangular cross-section but a very narrow flake has been taken from the apex of the triangle to give a slightly trapezoidal shape. There is a large notch taken from one side of the blade. Length 44.5mm, width 14.1mm, thickness 4.7mm, weight 3.50g

DENO-FB37A5: TOKEN
Post medieval token; cast lead, circular token with decoration on both faces, probably dating to the 17th or 18th centuries. This is a small, circular token with raised decoration in the form of a cross with an annulet centre on one face and an abstract design of lines and triangles on the other face. The whole has a thick, even, white patina over its surface. Diameter 15.2mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 2.63g

DENO-FB2536: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy double loop shoe buckle of 17th century date. The buckle has two trapezoidal loops and is drilled to take the separate buckle pin. The buckle frame is elaborately decorated with moulded ornamentation and incised curls and dots. There is a triple decorative spike expansion at either end of the buckle (in the line of the pin) and curved expansions at the corners. The buckle has its single pin tongue and the upper section of the chape still present but the back of the chape is missing so we cannot say which fixing type the buckle chape had. The present section of the chape, however, does have a makers mark stamped onto it in the form of the letters HI in a rectangle. Length 35.4mm, width 23.2mm, thickness 3.1mm, weight 8.82g Ref: See the buckles in part 9 of Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”.

DENO-FB1394: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, dating to the period around 317-364. Extremely worn, reverse illegible. Obv. Diademed bust of emperor facing right […C]ONST[…] Rev. Illegible Diameter 13.2mm, thickness 1.3mm, weight 0.93g

DENO-FB0DD2: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of unknown emperor, dating to the period 296-410 AD. Both faces to worn to decipher anything of the design or inscription. Diameter 17.7mm, thickness 1.1mm, weight 1.36g

DENO-FAFE92: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of Decentius, dated to 350-353. Two victories reverse. Arles mint. Obv. Bare headed bust of emperor facing right. ‘A’ to left of bust. DND[E]C[…] Rev. Two victories holding a shield reading […]/X Inscription illegible Mint mark PARL in exergue Diameter 21.3mm, thickness 2.2mm, weight 4.82g

DENO-FAE892: BRACELET
Roman copper alloy strip bracelet fragment with multiple motifs of 3rdt to 4th century date. The bracelet is formed by a single thin strip of copper alloy with stamped decoration on the external face. The strip comes to a point at one end and has a large, circular hole pierced through that end. The decoration then begins with a double transverse line followed by a large panel decorated with little knicks along the edges and a single line along the middle. This panel is about 35mm long and ends in another double transverse line. There are then two large ring and dot motifs, again separated with transverse lines. The final section is somewhat worn and battered but seems to have a single line along the centre, much like the first panel, and V-shapes along the edges. This section is truncated as the bracelet is broken about 15mm from the last transverse line. Known examples of this type of bracelet indicate that it would probably end in a hook which could be fitted into the hole to hold the bracelet around the wrist. This surviving fragment of bracelet seems very small, suggesting that either a large proportion of the original is now missing or that it was made for someone with a very small wrist, probably a child. Diameter (span) 29.2mm, width (band) 6.5mm, thickness (band) 1.1mm, weight 3.48g Ref: Compare the bracelets on page 108 of Mills. Bracelet RB341 has incredibly similar decoration while the photograph of bracelet RB340 illustrates the 'hook and eye' fixing method.

DENO-FA9F35: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval seal matrix; cast copper alloy circular seal matrix of probable 14th century date. The seal face has a design in the centre which is rather difficult to decipher but seems to be a duck swimming right (once the seal is impressed). The inscription around the edge reads “CREDE MICHI” which translates as “believe me”. The back face of the seal matrix has a suspension loop near the top in the form of a long, low, curved lug pierced with a circular hole. Diameter 15.2mm, thickness (inc loop) 6.6mm, thickness (plate only) 3.1mm, weight 3.70g

DENO-FA9693: STRAP END
Medieval strap end; cast copper alloy strap end with debased zoomorphic terminal, probably dating to the late 14th century. This small strap end is formed of a single cast front plate, with terminal, and a separate sheet metal back plate. The plates are riveted together with small, circular rivets, one at the end near the terminal and the other at the back end of the strap end. The sheet metal back plate is riveted tightly to the front plate at the terminal end but is bent out away from the front plate towards the back end to allow the strap to be fitted between the plates. The strap end has no extant decoration on either plate. Length 30.4mm, width 9.7mm, thickness 3.9mm, weight 2.47g Refs: Compare the strap ends in Griffiths et al "Meols" book, pages 134-135, especially number 1544. See also Egan "Dress Accessories", pages 132-133 for strap ends of similar composition.

DENO-FA8DD7: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle plate; cast copper alloy decorated buckle plate with gilding and remains of leather within the plate, roughly dated to the 14th or 15th century. The plate is a single sheet of copper alloy, folded round on itself to give a front and back plate. The plates are rectangular in shape and the plate narrows and splits to form two loops at the point where the buckle frame would have sat, also providing a slot for the pin. The front plate is decorated with an engraved, abstract, sinuous pattern, probably representing a plant. Gilding remains over much of the front plate. The back plate is plain and undecorated. The buckle plate is fixed to the leather by means of two rivets at the back end of the buckle plate. Both rivets survive, although they appear to be of different compositions of metal since one has a similar dark green patina to the plate while the other is mis-shapen, smaller and much redder than its companion, suggesting that there is more iron in the alloy. Length 31.1mm, width 11.3mm, thickness 4.3mm, weight 4.07g

DENO-F9F832: BLADE
Prehistoric flake; flake of worked flint, probably Neolithic in date, possibly a blade. The flake is of semi-opaque, pale grey flint and has a broad, triangular cross section with rippling on two of its faces but no evidence of secondary working along any of its edges. Length 51.4mm, width 16.2mm, thickness 9.4mm, weight 6.38g

DENO-F9F228: MORTARIUM
Roman rim sherd of a mortarium. The sherd has a section of the rim and extends down into the bowl of the vessel. At the very tip of the sherd there is a small piece of dark stone embedded in the fabric of the sherd on the interior face, which is probably the start of the rough grinding surface of the mortarium. The vessel is of fine white pottery. The fabric is dense with few voids but a number of small inclusions of dark brown and black, non-crystalline material. Length 39.3mm, width 37.8mm, thickness 7.7mm, weight 9.34g

DENO-F9DEE5: VESSEL
Roman vessel; three sherds of Roman greyware pottery, numbered 1-3, descending down the photograph 1. rim sherd of wheel-made greyware pottery. The vessel has a simple, narrow, tapering, everted rim. The sherd is of a dense, dark grey fabric with many, tiny inclusions of crystalline material. Length 61.0mm, width 30.2mm, thickness 8.2mm, approximate diameter of outer edge of rim in original vessel 60mm, weight 17.28g 2. rim sherd of wheel-made greyware pottery. The vessel has a simple, narrow, curved rim. The sherd is of fine, dense, grey fabric with some tiny voids and many tiny inclusions of both crystalline and non-crystalline white material. Length 40.9mm, width 25.4mm, thickness 6.5mm, approximate diameter of outer edge of rim in original vessel 95mm, weight 10.71g 3. body sherd of wheel-made greyware pottery, including shoulder of vessel. The vessel had fairly thick walls of fine, pale grey fabric with many small inclusions of both white and black non-crystalline material. Length 38.7mm, width 35.9mm, thickness 7.9mm, weight 14.83g

DENO-F9D621: MOUNT
Post medieval strap fitting; cast copper alloy strap mount of asymmetrical lobed shape dating from the 17th century. The mount is decorated with seven punched circular rosettes which are very similar to those found on the buckle DENO-F9C015, found in the same location. The fitting has two long, narrow spurs on the back to fix it to the strap. The spurs are bent over at the ends. Length 23.1mm, width 9.4mm, thickness (inc spur) 6.3mm, thickness (plate) 1.8mm, weight 1.69g

DENO-F9CF96: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy double-looped spur buckle with trapezoidal loops dating from the mid 17th century. This buckle has a fairly plain buckle frame and the pin is still present. The shorter edges of the frame expand to a point in the centre to receive the pin. There is also a small rounded knop at either end of the pin bar. The only decoration seems to be moulded incised lines leading from the outer to the inner edges of the frame at the ends of the pin bar and at the points of the shorter sides. The back face is plain and undecorated although there are traces over all surfaces indicating that it was originally silvered or gilt. Length 39.0mm, width 24.1mm, thickness 2.3mm, weight 7.11g Ref: See part eight of Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”, buckles type IIID, especially buckles 60-62.

DENO-F9CB77: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy double-looped buckle with trapezoidal loops dating from the late 16th or early 17th century. This buckle has a fairly plain buckle frame. The pin is missing. The shorter edges of the frame are ornamented with a single knop at each corner and a shallow curved extension in the centre to receive the pin. There is also a small knop at either end of the pin bar. The only decoration seems to be a moulded incised line along each short edge of the frame. The back face is plain and undecorated. The buckle is roughly cast with the edges seemingly unfinished from the casting process. The frame is bent upwards at both ends. Length 31.5mm, width 23.5mm, thickness 1.6mm, weight 3.13g Ref: See part eight of Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”, buckles type IIID, especially buckles 56 and 57.

DENO-F9C467: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy double-looped buckle with trapezoidal loops dating from the late 16th or early 17th century. This buckle has a fairly plain buckle frame and the pin is still present. The shorter edges of the frame are ornamented with a single knop at each corner and a shallow curved extension in the centre to receive the pin. There is also a small knop at either end of the pin bar. The only decoration seems to be a moulded incised line along each short edge of the frame. The back face is plain and undecorated. The buckle is roughly cast with the edges seemingly unfinished from the casting process. The frame is bent upwards at both ends. Length 33.7mm, width 23.8mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 5.87g Ref: See part eight of Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”, buckles type IIID, especially buckles 56 and 57.

DENO-F9C015: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy double-looped buckle with rectangular loops dating from the 17th century. This buckle has an elaborate, decorated buckle frame and the pin is still present. The outer edge of the frame is ornamented with a trilobed decorative knop at each corner and a smaller, double lobe in the centre of each side – one pair therefore fall at the terminals of the pin bar and the other pair are in the line of the pin itself. On the front face the frame is decorated with a repeated punched rosette motif. These rosettes are in a line all the way around the buckle frame and there are also three rosettes in each of the corner knops. The back face is plain and undecorated, although there are places on the buckle, especially on the pin and around the edges on the back face, where there is some indication that it was originally silvered or gilt. The buckle is quite roughly made with the edges showing some indications of the casting process. Length 36.0mm, width 31.7mm, thickness 2.3mm, weight 8.07g Ref: See part eight of Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”, buckles type IIIA, especially buckles 14 and 20.

DENO-F9B9F4: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy double-looped buckle with rectangular loops dating from the 17th century. This buckle has an elaborate, decorated buckle frame. The pin has broken off but a small section is still present curled around the pin bar. The outer edge of the frame is ornamented with a trilobed decorative knop at each corner and a smaller, single lobe in the centre of each side – one pair therefore fall at the terminals of the pin bar and the other pair are in the line of the pin itself. On the front face the frame is moulded with a lys in each of the corner extensions, a foliate design in each of the central extensions and a pattern of dots within a curled border around the rest of the frame. The back face is plain and undecorated, although there are traces over both faces which indicate that the buckle was originally silvered or tinned. The buckle is bent upwards at both ends. Length 36.3mm, width 31.6mm, thickness 2.5mm, weight 7.85g Ref: See part eight of Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”, buckles type IIIA, especially buckles 14 and 20.

DENO-F9A813: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; cast copper alloy double-looped buckle with rectangular loops dating from the 17th century. This buckle has an elaborate, decorated buckle frame and the pin is still present. The outer edge of the frame is ornamented with a trilobed decorative knop at each corner and a smaller, single lobe in the centre of each side – one pair therefore fall at the terminals of the pin bar and the other pair are in the line of the pin itself. On the front face the frame is moulded with a lys in each of the corner extensions, a foliate design in each of the central extensions and a pattern of dots within a curled border around the rest of the frame. The back face is plain and undecorated, although there are places on the buckle, especially at the pin bar on the front face and around the edges on the back face, where this is some indication that it was originally silvered or gilt. The buckle is bent upwards at both ends. Length 37.3mm, width 30.2mm, thickness 1.7mm, weight 7.04g Ref: See part eight of Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages”, buckles type IIIA, especially buckles 14 and 20.

DENO-F98F24: TOKEN
Post medieval token; Struck copper alloy trade token of probable 17th or 18th century date. The token is very worn but seems to have a heraldic shield on one face, surrounded by the inscription IOHN:WILL[…]S with a five-pointed star initial mark. The shield seems to have a chevron across the middle, with three symbols (arranged in a triangle) below and a band across the top which may represent crenellations. The other face has an inner circle with three stars, also arranged in a triangle. The inscription reads B[…]SFEILD (sic). Diameter 19.5mm, thickness 1.0mm, weight 2.16g

DENO-1080E2: COIN
Foreign coin of the Roman period; struck silver drachm of the Kshaharata kings (Indo-Parthians) of the Saurashtra Peninsula in Western India. King Nahapana (c. AD 105-125), dating to c. AD 119-24. Obv. Diademed bust facing right Greek inscription Rev. Arrow and thunderbolt Kharoshthi and Brahmi script inscription Diameter 15.9mm, thickness 1.8mm, weight 2.30g Ref. Mitchiner, Oriental Coins and their values, Ancient and Classical World, p. 369, c.f. nos. 2682-4

DENO-B03376: DRESS HOOK
Post medieval dress hook; incomplete cast copper alloy dress hook of probable 16th century date. This fragment is the plate of the dress hook, with both the top loop and the bottom hook missing. The plate is of openwork design, having a central floral design surrounded by 7 sub-circular loops. Length 24.1mm, width 17.5mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 1.68g Ref: Compare Bailey, pages 95 (Figure 12), especially object 12.11

DENO-B022D2: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; cast lead spindle whorl with ring and dot decoration. This is a small, circular spindle whorl of double convex shape, coming to an edge around the centre. It has a large, circular, central hole with concave internal sides. Both faces are decorated with 5 large, ring and dot motifs in relief around the edge. All the rings are incomplete as they would extend beyond the edge of the spindle whorl. Spindle whorls are difficult to date with any accuracy as items of similar design were used for many centuries, from Roman times to the early post medieval period. However, the style of the design on this spindle whorl suggests that it may be of late Roman or Early Medieval date. Diameter 21.3mm, thickness 9.6mm, weight 17.64g

DENO-B00F03: COIN
Post medieval coin; struck silver sixpence of Charles I, North’s group F, dating to 1639-1640. Triangle mint mark. Obv. Crowned bust of the king facing left, with denomination ‘VI’ behind. [CARO]LVS:D:G:MA:BR[:]FR:ET:HI:[REX] (with double pellet stops) Rev. Squared royal shield over cross fleury .C[HR]ISTO.AVSPICE.REGNO. (with single pellet stops) Diameter 24.5mm, thickness 0.7mm, weight 2.83g Ref: North, volume II, page 161, coin 2246

DENO-AFFFA8: JETTON
Post-medieval jetton; Struck copper alloy French jetton, probably of late 14th or early 15th century date. The inscription is a variant of “Ave Maria Gracia Plena”, or “Hail Mary, full of grace”. Obv. Crown with large central lys, wedge-shaped side fleurs, three small lys across the band and cross-hatched bottom section. AVE.MARIA.GRASIA.PLENAD Rev. Cross with lys at the terminal of each arm and a quatrefoil at the centre. The whole in a quatrefoil border with three small lys in each interstice of the border. No inscription. Diameter 25.2mm, thickness 1.2mm, weight 3.31g Compare the similar tokens recorded on the PAS database as GLO-6ED2D8, NARC-25A571, SF-66D5B4 and DENO-7C77A4

DENO-AFF831: BOOK FITTING
Cast gilded copper alloy book clasp of Howsam type A.9.2. It is incomplete, consisting of part of an openwork plate with a complex tapering terminal section. The plate has a central quatrefoil boss with incised lines indicating that the lobes represent petals or leaves. This was surrounded by four openwork, curved loops, two of which remain complete, together with a section of the third. A small rivet hole also remains between one of the complete loops and the fragment of the third loop. There would presumably have been a similar one on the opposite side of the plate, at the point of the present break. The plate is topped with a large and elaborate terminal. There is a small knop on either corner of the mount and a long, tapering projection from the middle of the edge of the plate. This projection expands to an ornamented square lozenge and then tapers to an abraded point which may be a debased animal head. There is a separate ornamented square set atop the lozenge and a large circular hole on the back. The plate is of quite thin metal but the terminal projection is much thicker and chunkier. There are traces of gilding over the whole of the front face of the object but the back seems undecorated. Length 64.0mm, width 29.8mm, thickness 11.1mm, weight 33.36g. See record SUR-322ED5 for a book clasp of similar type, although considerably smaller. The hole on the reverse would have fitted over a peg on the opposite cover, and there would originally have been a hole at the end of the animal-head terminal which would have held a loop or ring to help in pulling the clasp off the peg. This is an unusual example of the type.

DENO-AFF103: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; cast copper alloy single loop buckle with integral, decorative buckle plate. This buckle probably dates from the period c.1250-1400. It has an oval buckle loop with a decorative knop extending from both outer corners. The back of the loop narrows to the point where the pin bar would have sat, although this is now missing, together with the pin. The buckle plate extends beyond this, tapering past two transverse ridges, one at the point of the pin bar and the other slightly further back. The second ridge is cut by a single, circular rivet hole. The buckle plate then continues to taper, before flaring into two moulded ‘leaves’ surround what was presumably a decorative terminal which is now missing. It seems fair to assume that the terminal also held a second rivet hole and the edge of this is indicated at the point of the break. Length 32.2mm, width 12.1mm, thickness 2.8mm, weight 2.79g Refs: See Chris Marshall’s “Buckles Through the Ages” series from Treasure Hunting magazine, originally published in 1986. Pages 9 & 10 (Section 5 “Medieval 13th to 15th century”) describe similar buckles, designating them ‘Type 1D’. See especially buckle number 27 which is very similar. Whitehead, pages 34-35 also shows some similar buckles.

DENO-AFE8D3: BROOCH
Medieval brooch; cast copper alloy annular brooch with gilding and a ‘dagger’ style pin, of probable late 13th or 14th century date. The brooch is formed of a ring of copper alloy, which has been twisted to decorative effect, although unusually the twisting is only on one half of the ring, the other half being a simple, untwisted band. The band has a short, narrow pin bar. The pin is fastened around the pin bar by the metal of the pin dividing into two flat bands which are wrapped around the pin and joined at the back. The pin itself is roughly oval in cross section with a broad collar near the pin bar. It then tapers to a point, giving it an overall dagger shape. There are traces of gilding over the whole brooch. Diameter 21.1mm, thickness 2.9mm, weight 3.97g

DENO-AFDBC5: BUCKLE
Medieval brooch; cast copper alloy annular buckle with gilding and unusual pin. This brooch probably dates to the 13th century. It is formed of a simple ring of roughly circular cross section, with a short, narrowed section forming the pin bar. The pin is a flat band of copper alloy which is wrapped around the pin bar. It expands shortly beyond the pin bar to form an integral, cylindrical setting for a stone. The setting still contains a white paste, presumably the fixant for the stone, which is now missing. The pin is broken of shortly after the stone setting. Gilding remains over much of the surface of the brooch. There is no obvious evidence for how this brooch was actually attached to a garment since the stone would impede the use of the pin. Diameter 24.2mm, thickness 3.2mm, weight 5.17g Compare the similar brooch recorded on the PAS database as DENO-750F57.

DENO-AFC9B0: STRAP END
Medieval strap end; cast copper alloy forked spacer from strap end of late 13th-early 15th century date. This would have formed the inner part of a three part strap end, with a plate attached to either face. This inner section is therefore a spacer to hold the decorative outer plates in place. It is cast in one piece with two long, narrow ‘tines’ which meet at a squared arch. The end of one of the tines is broken and missing. There is a single, circular rivet hole in the middle of the arch, indicating where the outer plates were fixed to this inner spacer. A decorative knop extends from the middle of the arch and this would have been visible beyond the outer plates, forming the overall terminal of the strap end. While the tines and arch are flat, the knop expands to a roughly oval cross-section and is shaped with a narrow collar then a broader, flaring section which is decorated with incised cross-hatching. It is topped with a small cone. This design is quite common and is thought to represent an acorn. Length 49.3mm, width 20.3mm, thickness 2.2mm, weight 6.21g Refs: Compare the examples in Egan & Pritchard, pages 140-145 including figs 93 and 94, especially examples 672, 673 and 675, illustrated on page 144. There are further examples in Griffiths, Philpott and Egan’s book on the archaeology of Meols. See pages 134-136, including plate 23, objects 1555-1568.

DENO-AFB8A1: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; tiny, cast copper alloy, single looped, D-shaped buckle frame. This is a very simple buckle so difficult to date with any accuracy, but I suspect it belongs to the early part of the medieval period, probably 12th – 15th century. It has a flat, narrow pin bar and the buckle frame is roughly oval in cross section. The frame expands towards the back. Length 11.3mm, width 11.6mm, thickness 2.5mm, weight 0.59g

DENO-AFA858: JETTON
Medieval jeton; struck copper alloy French jeton of 15th century date. The jeton has a cross initial mark and versions of the same legend on either side. The inscription is ‘Ave Maria Gracia Plena’, or ‘Hail Mary full of grace’. The design on the obverse is known as the "Chatel Tournois", the Castle of Tours design of the town of Tours, suggesting that this may be of the Tournai mint. Obv. Central lys atop an ornate triangle above three pellets. The triangle and pellets within an annulet-tipped bar which surrounds the sides and bottom of the design. The whole above another annulet-tipped bar, this one straight and horizontal. A further lys to either side AV[E MARIA] GRACIA PLE Rev. Cross with elaborate lys a the terminal of each arm and a small lys within a lozengiform void at the centre, formed by the expansion of the arms. AVE MARI[A GRA]CIA PLEN Diameter 23.5mm, thickness 1.1mm, weight 2.09g Compare the token recorded on the PAS database as DOR-2F9C48.

DENO-AF8F42: BROOCH
Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, ?West Midlands), cf.Mackreth 2011, 4.l.b. Plate 49. Very large, cast copper alloy Polden Hill brooch of flat wing ends type. The brooch has short, wide wings of oval cross section, each with a raised ridge around the end. The back of the wings has a large lump of rust-coloured iron corrosion surrounding the stubby remains of the hinged pin, indicating that the pin was made of iron. The bow of the brooch curves up and over the top of the wings. It is decorated with a broad band in relief running vertically over the wings and down to a large, circular stud at about the middle of the bow. The bow is undecorated beneath the stud, tapering to a small foot boss in the shape of a curled scroll. The catchplate is complete and curves elegantly down from the back of the bow, behind the stud. It is rolled at the edge to catch the pin and is decorated with an openwork, triangular void cut to follow the shape of the plate. The whole brooch is in excellent condition and the metal has a smooth, even, red-brown patina over its surface. Length 80.4mm, width 33.9mm, thickness 16.8mm, weight 48.19g Ref: Compare the brooches in Hattatt, page 300 (fig 159)

DENO-AF8831: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval harness pendant; cast copper alloy harness pendant with remains of enamel, probably dating to the 14th century. The pendant is of shield shape with a stalk extending upward for suspension, although the suspension loop is now missing. The front face of the pendant has a heraldic design cast into it. It is quite worn but seems to be a rearing beast, facing left, with one forepaw raised into the top left corner and its tail curling up behind its back. There are traces of enamel left in the top left corner and at the apex of the shield. The apex has some blue enamel and the rest is a creamy colour, suggesting that it may originally have been yellow or red. The back face appears undecorated, although the surface of the metal is pitted and corroded making close identification difficult. Length 37.2mm, width 26.8mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 8.18g

DENO-AF76A7: BROOCH
Roman brooch; fragment of cast copper alloy T-shaped brooch, Wilford type, dating to the 1st-2nd centuries. The fragment consists of the remains of the wings, the head and the top section of the bow of the brooch. It is very worn but it can be seen that there is a decorative boss at the head of the bow with incised lines and some moulding in relief, possibly representing an animal head. There are two further incised lines below this and the fragment breaks off just below these lines. Much of the original surface of the metal is missing. Length 21.2mm, width 21.6mm, thickness 5.8mm, weight 8.42g Ref: See the brooches in the bottom row of Hattatt, page 302 (fig 161), especially brooch 915

DENO-AECDB8: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, VRBS ROMA type, dated 330-335. Trier mint. Obv. Helmeted head of Rome facing left [V]RBS RO[MA] Rev. Wolf and twins No inscription Mint mark ‘TRP’ in exergue Diameter 11.2mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 1.92g

DENO-AEBF93: KNIFE
Roman knife handle; cast copper alloy folding knife handle in the shape of a stretching lion, dating to the 1st or 2nd centuries. The handle has a flat, crescentic back terminal with a small, circular hole pierced in one side. It then curves in to form a long, narrow handle with a moulded boss to represent the lion’s rear haunches. The handle thickens slightly towards the animal’s head, which is very finely moulded with small, pointed ears, pronounced brows, indented eyes, a long nose and incised lines to suggest the muzzle. The beast’s forelegs extend from beneath the head, stretching out in front of the lion to grasp the front folding blade of the knife. The remains of that blade are still present, attached by an iron pin through the two sides of the front of the handle. However, the blade seems unusual in that it is flat and smooth on both edges with neither coming to a cutting edge. Also, it curves upwards shortly beyond the attachment pin and this is a deliberate shaping rather than the result of later breakage or corrosion. There is a small, ragged, broken edge at the top of the blade, which suggests that it would have originally curved up in front of the lion’s head (or stuck out downwards below its head when folded away). There is a fitting to attach a second blade below the joint of the flat, crescent piece and the long handle. This is somewhat obscured by iron corrosion, suggesting that it too was fastened with an iron pin. None of this second blade now remains. The underside of the handle has a deep groove to receive the blades. This groove is segmented by a narrow ridge running across it, approximately at the point of the lion’s front ‘armpits’. This leaves a short space for the front, curving blade and a longer one for the rear blade. There are traces of gilding remaining in places over the surface, especially in the grooves which received the blades. Length 71.9mm, width (crescent) 15.7mm, width (at head) 5.5mm, thickness (at head) 10.4mm, weight 14.79g Ref: This is very similar to a knife handle described and illustrated in Mills, page 86, artefact R258.

DENO-AEB0A5: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine (period of Constantius II and Constans’ joint reign), emperor in galley reverse, dating to 348-350. Obv. Diademed bust of emperor facing right No inscription visible Rev. Emperor in galley heading left, with standard bearing the Chi-Ro Christian symbol. Figure behind at the tiller. [FEL] TE[MP] RE[PAR]ATIO Mint mark illegible. Diameter 22.0mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 3.00g

DENO-AEA093: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of Constantius II, 2 soldiers with 2 standards reverse, dated to 335-337. Arles mint. Obv. Diademed head of emperor facing right CON[STAN]TINVS IV[N] NC Rev. Two soldiers with two standards [GLORIA EXERCITVS] Mint mark [P]CONS[T] in exergue Diameter 16.1mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 1.31g

DENO-AE99D5: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of unknown emperor, both sides too worn to identify. Dated to the general period of nummus production AD 296-410 Obv. Head of figure facing right No inscription visible Rev. Illegible No inscription visible Diameter 16.5mm, thickness 2.2mm, weight 1.30g

DENO-AE9238: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy nummus of unknown emperor, both sides too worn to identify. Dated to the general period of nummus production AD 296-410 Diameter 17.1mm, thickness 1.8mm, weight 1.21g

DENO-AE5843: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy sestertius of unknown emperor, dating to the 1st or 2nd century. Obv. Head of emperor facing right […]AVGA[…] Rev. Two figures seated facing left with a further figure, standing, before them also facing left. […]AVGINTR[…] Diameter 4.0mm, thickness 31.9mm, weight 19.35g

DENO-59D9D4: WEIGHT
Possible lead weight; small sub-circular lead object, possibly a weight. The artefact is concave on one face and slightly convex on the opposite face. It is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, grey-white patina. Diameter 19.0mm, thickness 12.5mm, weight 25.35g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-59D3F6: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; cast lead, sub-circular spindle whorl with cylindrical piercing hole in the centre. The whorl is decorated on one face with shallowly-incised lines forming broad bands of herringbone (or possibly foliate) design which radiate out from the central hole. The other face is undecorated. The lead is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, white patina. Diameter 28.8mm, thickness 10.4mm, weight 56.4g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-59CD16: SPINDLE WHORL
Possible spindle whorl; cast and hammered lead artefact formed of a flat, broad band of lead curled round to make a ring. The ends of the band are not joined, although they are touching. The lead is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, white patina. Found in close proximity to a number of lead spindle whorls, suggesting that this may have been used for a similar purpose. Alternatively this could have been a convenient method of transporting the unworked metal. Diameter 21.7mm, thickness 9.3mm, weight 21.14g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-59C686: SPINDLE WHORL
Fragment of spindle whorl; broken piece representing about half of a cast lead spindle whorl. The lead is misshapen with an extra, rough bulb on one face. The other face shows the usual circular shape with a small circular hole piercing the whorl around the centre. The lead is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, white patina. Diameter 26.5mm, thickness 6.1mm, weight 10.97g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-59B0A1: SPINDLE WHORL
Possible spindle whorl; cast lead, bun-shaped weight with narrow (approx 4mm), circular piercing hole. The weight is circular with one flat surface and one convex, domed surface. The lead is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, white patina. Found in close proximity to a number of lead spindle whorls, suggesting that this may have been used for a similar purpose. Alternatively the piercing could have been to allow the weight to be secured to something else, or even to adjust the specific weight of the item. Diameter 27.5mm, thickness 7.5mm, weight 32.68g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-59AA81: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; broad, flat, cast lead spindle whorl of narrow cross-section. The whorl has a small, cylindrical hole through the centre. The lead is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, white patina. Diameter 37.1mm, thickness 7.2mm, weight 65.3g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-59A377: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; cast lead sub-circular spindle whorl of small diameter but broad thickness. One face has a ridge around the outer edge where extra lead has rolled back on itself. The whorl is pierced with a circular hole, slightly off-centre. The lead is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, white patina. Diameter 23.3mm, thickness 12.2mm, weight 36.30g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-598FC7: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; Cast lead spindle whorl of basically cylindrical shape, with slightly convex outer edge. The whorl is slightly raised around both the outer edge and the edge of the piercing hole, giving both faces a concave shape, or the feeling of a channel running around between the outer edge and the central hole. The hole is circular and cylindrical. Undecorated. The lead is covered over all surfaces with a thick, chalky, white patina. Diameter 24.5mm, thickness 8.2mm, weight 27.75g Spindle whorls are very difficult to date as objects of similar design were in use for many centuries. Lead spindle whorls have been dated to all times between the Roman period and the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-40DCB5: VESSEL
Post medieval handle; cast lead alloy head, probably the handle from a tobacco jar of late 17th to 18th century date. The handle is in the form of a human male of African ethnicity. It has a rounded face with heavy brows and eyes, a wide flattened nose and thick lips, slightly parted. The cheeks and chin are also well-defined. There are flecks on the back of the head to indicate short hair and there is a prominent band around the head, moulded in high relief. The top of the head, above the band, is smooth and undecorated suggesting that the band may be the brim of a close-fitting cap, or possibly an indication of a form of hair tonsure. The neck is slightly splayed, and terminates in a plain flattened base. Height 29.3mm, width (side to side of head) 18.2mm, thickness (front to back of head) 20.7mm, weight 62g This is very similar to another item recorded on the database as DENO-56F3B7

DENO-40CE34: COIN
Post medieval coin; struck silver sixpence of Elizabeth I, North’s second issue, dated 1580. Long cross mint mark. Obv. Crowned bust of the queen with rose behind ELIZABETH.D’G’ANG’FR’ET.H[IB.RE]GINA Rev. Long cross fourchee over squared royal shield with date above. The cross divides the legend POSVI/DEV:AD/IVTORE/M.MEV Diameter 25.5mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 2.68g Ref: North, vol II, page 107, coin 1997

DENO-40C092: WEIGHT
Medieval weight; cast lead shield-shaped weight of probable 15th century date. Large weight with a narrower outer border and raised inner shield. The shield is very worn but has indications of three horizontal motifs, suggesting the three leopards of England. The back face is flat and undecorated. The whole has a thick, white-brown patina, except for two areas on the front face where the surface has been scraped off, presumably whilst the weight was buried. Length 62.6mm, width 55.8mm, thickness 22.5mm, weight c.490g

DENO-40B006: COIN
Roman coin; incomplete struck copper alloy core of contemporary copy of a denarius of Septimus Severus (193-211). This would presumably have originally been silver plated. The original denarius would date from AD 196; ref: RIC 78a. Obv. laureate head of emperor facing right [LSEPTSEVPE/RT]AVGIMPVIII Rev. Fortuna seated left holding a rudder on a globe in front of her and a cornucopia behind. Wheel beneath the throne. Inscription illegible [FORTUNAE/REDVCI] Diameter 16.1mm, thickness 2.2mm, weight 2.13g

DENO-4082F0: KEY (LOCKING)
Medieval key; cast copper alloy key of probable 14th century date. The key has a hollow, cylindrical shank and an integral key bit formed of a thick, flat plate of copper alloy cast into the shape of the tines. The key bit has file marks, indicating the process of finishing the tines. The bottom of the key bit shows signs of breakage so it may originally have been larger. The shank ends in a narrow, expanded collar, of circular cross-section. The handle is directly above the collar and consists of a simple, sub-circular loop, somewhat narrower than the key shank. The key appears undecorated. Length 83.0mm, width (handle) 23.6mm, width (key bit) 26.4mm, thickness (handle) 4.1mm, diameter (shank, at collar below handle) 11.3mm, weight 39.67g

DENO-407062: KEY (LOCKING)
Medieval key; cast copper alloy key of probable 13th or 14th century date. The key has a cylindrical shank and a broad, concave key bit comprising 4 narrow tines with a broader band, of D-shaped cross-section, joining the ends of the tines. The shank flares and flattens towards the handle. It also expands at the junction of the shank and the handle to give a broad collar of roughly oval cross-section. The handle itself is narrower than the shank and flat in cross-section. It is in the form of a cross within an oval frame. Small lugs extend beyond the oval frame at the ends of each of the horizontal cross arms. There is also a broad, hollow, cylindrical extension to the top of the handle, above the end of the top vertical cross arm. This extension mimics a continuation of the key shank, being of approximately similar size and shape. It is now incomplete with a gap between the two ends of the rolled sheet metal which forms the extension. Length 85.2mm, width (handle) 32.7mm, width (key bit) 21.7mm, thickness (handle) 4.3mm, diameter (shank, at collar below handle) 8.8mm, weight 41.40g

DENO-4049C3: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval harness pendant; Cast copper alloy lozenge-shaped harness pendant of probable late 13th or 14th century date. The pendant shows a grotesque figure with a human head towards the top left of the pendant but a beast’s body, with a leg to the bottom right and a tail curling up over the back. The back face of the pendant is undecorated. The remains of a suspension loop, in the perpendicular plane to the pendant, can be seen extending from the top of the pendant. The loop has broken off across what would have been a perforation for suspension. The lozenge-shaped plate is now concave in shape Length 36.7mm, width 27.9mm, thickness 1.3mm, weight 6.05g This artefact is very similar to other known harness pendants with this design, such as one recorded on the PAS database as NM-6B42E2 (which is also illustrated and described on page 106 of the PAS annual report for 2006).

DENO-1A8F45: VESSEL
Post medieval vessel; 2 sherds of post medieval pottery. Sherds numbered 1 and 2, corresponding to the left and right respectively on the photograph. Sherd 1 is a grey ware with many inclusions and voids. It has a thick, red-purple glaze on the interior and traces of a similar colour in the striations on the exterior. Sherd 2 is a coarse, oxidised, red fabric with brown and yellow glaze on the exterior.

DENO-1A80D5: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; scatter of medieval pottery. 4 sherds of various fabrics, number 1-4 as per the photograph (left to right, top to bottom). All four are body sherds, two of which (numbers 1 and 2) are decorated on the exterior with horizontal bands of incised lines. Sherd 1 is of a fine, oxidised, purple-grey fabric, while the other three are coarser, sherds 3 and 4 being partially reduced wares with many large inclusions giving a ‘gritty’ texture.

DENO-1A7805: SEAL
Modern seal; Cast lead bag seal with cyrillic lettering, dated 1893. Thick, flat, oval disc with raised lettering and date on one face. There is a rough area to one side, indicating where the rest of the seal has broken away from this remaining section. Width 28.8mm, height 27.7mm, thickness 4.9mm, weight 24.50g

DENO-1A7033: COIN
Roman coin; struck copper alloy, possibly a 'barbarous radiate', c. 275-85. Diameter 15.3mm, thickness 1.1mm, weight 1.31g

DENO-1A6343: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; scatter of medieval pottery. 15 sherds of various fabrics, numbered 1-15 as per photograph (left to right, top to bottom). Scatter includes 8 rim sherds (numbers 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15) and 7 body sherds. Fragment 9 is the only piece with traces of glazing, this being a pale, green-brown glaze which remains in the fold of the rim. This pottery was found in a field which is frequently visited by the finder. It was reported together with an indistinct Roman nummus (record DENO-1A7033), a bag seal dated 1893 with Cyrillic lettering (record DENO-1A7805), two fragments of modern scythe stone (not recorded) and a fragment of a printing block giving details of a gentleman’s attempts to cure his rheumatism, dated 31/12/186[…] (not recorded).

DENO-DE1CD5: MOUNT
Early medieval mount; cast copper alloy triangular mount with inscribed decoration and gilding over all surfaces. The mount is of the Anglo-Saxon tradition and is most likely to be of 7th century date. It is sub-triangular in shape with a narrow strip extending up from the apex of the triangle. This strip is bent back on itself and ends in a ragged, broken edge. The base of the triangle has a small rounded projection extending down from each corner. There are two small, circular rivet holes in the mount, along the base of the triangle. The front face of the mount is decorated with swirling, curvilinear decoration which may be zoomorphic. The back face is undecorated. Both faces, as well as the edges, show signs of gilding. Length 33.2mm, width 43.5mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 15.67g

DENO-DE1450: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; cast copper alloy cauldron foot of basic wedge-shape with a rounded end and a cast central ridge running along its length. The other end is ragged where it has broken away from the larger vessel. Length 56.7mm, width 56.2mm, thickness (max) 19.1mm, weight 162.7g

DENO-DE0013: MOUNT
Post medieval mount; cast copper alloy mount of probable late 17th or early 18th century date. The mount is a flat, lozenge shape, consisting of an ornamented, openwork frame with four struts which connect the outer frame to an inner plate. The inner plate is almost entirely taken up with a raised, diamond-shaped, pyramidal central boss. The ornamentation of the outer edge of the mount is such that there are trilobed terminals at each of the corners of the mount, as well as similar shaped projections in the centre of each of the sides. The ornamentation of the inner edge of frame, together with the struts, has produced four lys-shaped holes around the central boss. The back of the frame has integral cast fixing-spurs at each of the corners of the mount. The spurs are all bent inwards. The whole has an even, thick, grey-green patina over its surface. Length 51.5mm, width 41.0mm, thickness (inc fixings) 6.7mm, thickness (centre of plate) 5.4mm, weight 11.39g See Read (2016, 43, no. 340)

DENO-CA30E1: COIN
Iron Age coin; Cast copper alloy uninscribed British potin, ‘Class I’ type, of probable early 1st century BC date. The coin has the remains of the sprue from the mould projecting from the side. Very worn on the obverse but clearer on the reverse. Obv. Stylised helmeted head facing right (Hobbs’ profile n) No inscription Rev. Stylised bull butting right with two crescents above, a pellet and a plain line below No inscription Diameter 15.8mm (without sprue), width 16.0mm (inc sprue), thickness 0.7mm, weight 0.97g Ref: Hobbs, page 83, coins 705-710 (illustrated plate 26) VA125 (per Hobbs)

DENO-CA1FA3: COIN
Roman coin; Probable contemporary copy of a ‘fallen horseman’ nummus of the House of Constantine, dated to the late 4th century, c. 350-361. The coin is tiny and has very little of the design present on the reverse side. However, a ground line with a tangle of legs & a possible horse’s rump can be made out, which has led to me this suggested identification. The obverse side is very worn but seems to have a head facing right. No inscription is present on either face. Diameter 11.3mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 0.51g

DENO-CA0EC3: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of Constantius II (337-61), dating to AD 348-50 (Reece Period 18), FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier advancing left, spearing fallen horseman. Mint of Arles. RIC VIII p. 211, cf. no. 120. Diameter 21.2mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 3.58g

DENO-CA0784: HOOKED TAG
Post medieval dress hook; Cast copper alloy hooked tag of probable late 16th or 17th century date. The tag has a trapezoidal loop at the top and then a decorative rosette with some openwork elements to the design. The central design is an inverted heart, recessed into the metal. The tag then has a flattened bar extending downwards, which bends back up on itself and comes to a point at the back. The dress hook is complete. Length 28.6mm, width (across central design) 13.6mm, thickness (plate) 1.1mm, weight 1.50g

DENO-C9EE26: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver penny of Edward I, class 1d – 9c (by the legend – the portrait is too worn for details of the crown to be determined so closer identification is not possible), dated to 1279-1300. Canterbury mint. Obv. Portrait of the king, facing EDWRANGLDNS[H]YB Rev. Long cross pattee which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. [CIVI/]TAS/[CAN]/TOR Diameter 18.6mm, thickness 0.3mm, weight 1.19g

DENO-C9E141: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver cut halfpenny of Henry III, class 1b, 2 or 3, dated 1247-1250. Moneyer Nicole, London mint Obv. Portrait of the king, facing, without sceptre. Chin and bottom right section of face present. [HEN]RICVS RE[X…] Rev. Voided long cross which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. [NIC/]OLE/ONL/[VND] Diameter 18.9mm, thickness 0.4mm, weight 0.62g

DENO-C9D2A3: MOUNT
Medieval strap mount; Cast copper alloy mount in the shape of a crowned head, of probable 14th century date. The mount is cast with a tri-lobed crown, each lobe being in the form of a roughly triangular triple frond. There is a small cast point for the nose and incised lines indicate triangular eyes and a straight mouth. A single copper alloy rivet is still present, positioned in the centre of the forehead at the base of the crown. There is some indication of a break at the base of the chin, suggesting that the head may originally have been the terminal of a larger mount, possibly even a strap end. Length 14.9mm, width 9.7mm, thickness (inc rivet) 6.6mm, thickness (without rivet) 3.6mm, weight 1.29g Refs: Compare the mount in Mills, page 22, object NM.36, which is almost identical. Also see record DENO-948254, from the same finder, which is a strap end with a very similar crowned head at its terminal.

DENO-C9CAA2: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; Cast lead spindle whorl with double convex cross section and broad, roughly cylindrical hole through the middle. The spindle whorl is decorated with dots and chevron lines. The whole surface is covered with a thick, white-cream patina. Diameter 26.2mm, thickness 10.2mm, weight 35.31g Lead spindle whorls are very difficult to date without a context, since very similar designs were in use from Roman times right through to the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-C9BCA2: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; Cast lead spindle whorl with double convex cross section and rough, sub-cylindrical hole through the middle. The spindle whorl is decorated with dots and lines, in a now-indistinct pattern. The whole surface is covered with a thick, white-grey patina. Diameter 30.8mm, thickness 13.1mm, weight 47.08g Lead spindle whorls are very difficult to date without a context, since very similar designs were in use from Roman times right through to the early Post Medieval period.

DENO-B50041: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver farthing of Henry VIII, second coinage, dated to 1526-1544. Very tiny coin with some areas missing from the edge making close identification very difficult. Mint mark illegible. Obv. Portcullis Legend indecipherable Rev. Long cross with rose at centre […/…]/GRA/CI[A] Diameter 8.0mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 0.08g Ref: North Vol II, page 113, coin 1822

DENO-B4F232: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck base silver penny of Edward VI, third period, dated to 1550-1553. London mint. Initial mark illegible. Obv. Double tudor rose [E D]G.ROSA.SIN[E.SPINA] Rev. Squared shield on long cross fourchee which divides the legend CIVI/[TAS/LO]N/DON Diameter 15.8mm, thickness 0.3mm, weight 0.49g Ref: North, Vol II, page 124, coin 1945

DENO-B49F38: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck silver half-groat of Elizabeth, North’s third issue, dated 1583-1603. Initial mark illegible. London mint. Obv. Bust of queen facing left, very worn. Two pellets behind bust. E D[G ROSA].SINE.[S]PINA Rev. Squared shield on long cross fourchee which divides the legend [CIVI/TAS]/LON/DON Diameter 16.3mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 0.77g Ref: North, Vol II, page 137, coin 2016

DENO-B49451: TOKEN
Post medieval token; Struck copper alloy token of probable 17th or 18th century date. One side has a square design within the centre circle and seems to read ‘[…]RODSHI[…]CHO’. The other side reads ‘NR’ within the centre circle, with a star above and below. It seems to read ‘*IN[…]CO[…]E’ around the outer ring. The token has been pierced with a small, circular hole near to the edge. Diameter 14.4mm, thickness 0.6mm, weight 0.54g

DENO-B486B0: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver halfpenny of Edward II, Withers’ class 11, dated to c.1310-1314. London mint. Obv. Crowned portrait of the king, facing EDWARDVS[REXA]NG Rev. Long cross pattee which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. CI[VI]/TAS/LON/DO[N] Diameter 14.2mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 0.65g Refs: North, Vol II, page 37, coin 1069/1 Withers, page 50

DENO-B46E54: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver penny of Edward III, florin (third) coinage, dated to 1344-1351. Durham mint, normal florin type 4. Obv. Crowned portrait of the king, facing EDW R A[NGL]DN[S H]YB with no stops Rev. Long cross pattee which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. CIVI/[T]A[S]/DVN/[OLH]E Diameter 19.2mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 1.12g Ref: North, Vol II, page 48, coin 1125

DENO-884848: BALANCE
Probable medieval balance arm; Cast copper alloy arm from a small folding balance. The arm is a long, flat, strip of metal with a rectangular cross-section. It is shaped diagonally at one end, where it would have fitted into the other parts of the balance. There are two lugs extending upwards from the arm, one near the diagonally shaped end and one around the middle of the arm’s length. There are also three decorative bumps at intervals along the bottom face. The arm tapers from the diagonal end towards a narrow ‘neck’ at the other end. It then expands out again in both planes to form a decorative terminal of almost square cross section. The terminal is in the form of four lobes with a fifth, rounded knop extending from the centre, beyond the end of the other four lobes. Length 94.2mm, width (top of central lug to bottom of central hump) 13.3mm, thickness (arm) 3.6mm, thickness (terminal) 5.8mm, weight 14.07g

DENO-882CE4: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver groat of Henry V, dated to 1413-1422. London mint. This is probably of class G, due to the obverse legend and lack of mullet on the right breast. Initial mark is a pierced cross. There is a quatrefoil after ‘POSVI’ in the reverse legend but not after ‘HENRIC’ in the obverse legend. Obv. Portrait of the king, facing, within a tressure of arches, fleurs on the points of each arch. ‘HENRIC.DI.[GR]A.REX.ANGLIE.Z.FRANC’ with single saltire stops Rev. ‘Long cross fourchee which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. POSVI+/DEVM.A/DIVTOR/E.MEVM//CIVI/TAS./LON/DON.’ with double saltire stops. Quatrefoil after ‘POSVI’. Diameter 26.1mm, thickness 0.7mm, weight 3.67g Ref: North, Vol II, page 70, coin 1388

DENO-880A73: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval personal seal matrix; Cast lead pointed oval seal of probable 13th century date. The seal is formed of a flat plate with the seal design cut into one face. The other face has a squared lug at the top which is pierced with a small, circular hole. There is a raised cast line running vertically along the length of the seal from the bottom of the lug to the point at the bottom. The face is quite badly damaged and worn so the design is not clear. However, from the seal impression it can be seen that it has a central design of an eight-armed star, the arms of which look to be sprigs of some plant material. The inscription is around the edge but only a few letters can be made out: ‘[…]DV[…]RVS[…]NhE[…]’ The ‘N’ is reverse barred. Length 33.9mm, width 25.6mm, thickness (inc lug) 10.8mm, thickness (plate only) 3.4mm, weight 14.20g

DENO-87F5E5: BEAD
Glass bead; Flat, circular bead of matt, transluscent, pale green glass. The bead is a thick disc with rounded edges and a very small, circular hole through the centre. It is not of an even thickness, narrowing towards one side (which would presumably be the top when the bead was strung as it would be lighter than the thicker side). The bead is polished smooth over its surface with a few chips missing from the narrower side. Glass beads of this type are very difficult to date without a context, but I have suggested a late Roman or Early Medieval date, based on parallels recorded elsewhere with the Portable Antiquities Scheme (cf. LEIC-66C446, SWYOR-3BCBF4 and HAMP-B39335, for instance). Diameter 17.6mm, thickness (max) 6.4mm, weight 2.82g

DENO-712378: JETTON
Post medieval token; Struck copper alloy jeton from the Nuremberg workshop of Hans Krauwinkel II (1586-1635), part of the Franco-allegorical series dated 1589. The token shows Volcanus on one side and Ciparissus on the other. It is quite worn and has a dull, dark brown patina over its surface. Obv. Vulcan at his anvil, flanked by Cupid, Mars and Venus VOLCANVS; H.K. in exergue Rev. Ciparissus to the right with his bow, a fallen stag to the left, pierced by an arrow CI[PA]RISSVS; H.K. in exergue Diameter 28.1mm, thickness 1.1mm, weight 4.95g Ref: Mitchiner, Vol I, page 451, no. 1604

DENO-060C66: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy umbonate brooch with blue enamel, dating to the 2nd century. The brooch has a humped, circular body inlaid with triangular cells of blue enamel There are two rings of triangular cells forming a radiate design around a central circular hollow. The inner ring is of small, narrow triangles while the outer ring has larger, broader triangles. There is a deep, incised line around the central hump of the brooch and a narrow border of metal, in a flat plane, beyond that. The border is also circular but extends with a small lug on either side of the brooch as well as a knop at the top and a suspension loop at the bottom. The pin, which is hinged, is attached behind the suspension loop and there is a short catchplate behind the top knop. The catchplate is curled over at the top. This brooch is virtually complete with pin, catchplate and lugs all present and in excellent condition. Length 33.1mm, width 25.5mm, thickness (inc pin) 10.8mm, weight 5.66g Ref: Hattatt, page 350 (fig 209), brooches 1061, 536, 1060, 128 & 1067

DENO-059DD1: EAR RING
Probable Roman ear-ring; Cast penannular ring of copper alloy with remains of gilding. The ring has a sub-circular cross-section and tapers to a point at either end. There are traces of gilding in places across the surface of the ring, suggesting that it was originally completely gilt. Objects of this shape are quite common finds from Roman contexts and are usually interpreted as earrings. Similar objects have, however, also been found from later, Early Medieval contexts. They too have been most commonly identified as earrings. Width (side to side) 24.8mm, height 22.5mm, thickness 4.7mm, weight 3.85g Refs: Allason-Jones “Ear-Rings in Roman Britain” Rogers “Anglian and other finds from Fishergate” pages 1370-1371, inc fig 668, artefacts 5411-5413. Also page 1373, fig 670(b), artefact 5789. Treasure Annual Report 2004, page 68, item 87 (illustrated page 255)

DENO-057A74: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver penny of Stephen, dated to 1135-1154. Irregular, provincial issue. Lozenge fleury and annulet type – Nottingham or Lincoln mint? Obv. Crowned bust facing [STIE]FN[E R] Rev. Lonzenge with concave sides, a fleur at each angle and an annulet at each side. Star in the centre. […]DIE ON[…] Diameter 20.4mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 0.79g Ref: North, Vol I, page 208, coin 897

DENO-F68C75: BUCKLE
Possible medieval buckle; Cast copper alloy object which may be a distorted D-shaped buckle frame of medieval date (12th – 15th centuries). The object is a single band of copper alloy with a flattened D-shaped cross-section and curved shape. It is broad around the middle with an indented notch running across it. The notch would seem to indicate the spot where a buckle pin would rest against the back of the buckle frame. The object then narrows towards the ends. One end is curled round to form one side of a D-shape but the other end is bent outwards. The ends are roughly squared and unfinished, as if they had been broken away, suggesting that they may have originally met to form the pin bar of the buckle frame. There is an even, thick, pale green patina over much of the surface. Length 32.6mm, width 15.4mm, thickness 3.1mm, weight 3.32g

DENO-F67AC3: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; Cast copper alloy single-looped D-shaped buckle of general medieval date, probably 12th – 15th century. This is a very small buckle frame in a narrow D-shape. The back of the buckle frame is broader than the pin bar. There is no extant decoration. Pin missing. Length 17.2mm, width 9.2mm, thickness 3.2mm, weight 1.35g Ref: Whitehead, page 18, esp buckle 40

DENO-F654B2: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of Arcadius, Victory with captive reverse, dated to AD 388-402. Very worn, especially on the reverse. Obv. Diademed head of emperor facing right [D]N A[RC]ADI[VS…] Rev. Victory walking left, dragging captive behind. The design should show that Victory is carrying a club on his shoulder and there should be a chi-ro to the left of the design. Neither of these details is discernible. Inscription illegible Diameter 13.8mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 1.44g Ref: Reece and James, pages 40 & 41, coin 151

DENO-F64A88: BROOCH
Iron Age brooch; Cast copper alloy simple fibula brooch of late Iron Age or early Roman date (1st century AD). The brooch has a coil of wire to hold the pin and which thereby forms the wings of the brooch. The bow of the brooch is a simple, unornamented band which tapers to the foot. There is no extant decoration. Pin and catchplate missing. Span (back of head to foot) 27.1mm, estimated length (if straightened) 52mm, width (at head) 10.3mm, thickness 3.1mm, weight 4.23g Ref: Hattatt, page 296 (fig 155), esp brooch 250

DENO-F638B4: VESSEL
Roman vessel; Small rim sherd of greyware. Pale grey fabric with many white, crystalline inclusions of various sizes. Length 50.9mm, width 24.5mm, thickness 9.4mm, weight 13.83g

DENO-F63327: VESSEL
Roman vessel; Large rim sherd of greyware. Pale grey fabric with broad, rolled rim and incised line around the bottom of the rim. Fine fabric with many tiny, white, crystalline inclusions. The sherd has been stained in various places with a deep green colour, not unlike typical medieval glaze, but this can be seen over the breaks in the fabric so is probably a residue from the burial conditions of the potsherd. Length 75.5mm, width 46.5mm, thickness 19.4mm

DENO-F60A05: VESSEL
Medieval vessel; Body sherd of large vessel, probably dating to the 12th – 15th centuries. Coarse, dark grey fabric with many inclusions and voids within it. The potsherd has an orange-red slip on the exterior and deep red-purple colouring on the interior. Rough, gritty outer surface. Length 62.6mm, width 39.4mm, thickness 18.8mm, weight 35.38g

DENO-E13B51: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine; Constantinopolis obverse, Victory on prow reverse. Dated to AD 330-335 Obv. Helmeted head of Constantinopolis facing left CONSTAN / [TINOPOLIS] Rev. Victory on the prow of a ship, facing left, holding sceptre and with arm resting on shield (symbolic of Constantinople, the new Rome) No inscription No mintmark visible Diameter 17.3mm, thickness 1.0mm, weight 1.69g

DENO-E11647: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy radiate of Tetricus I, 271-4, SPES PVBLICA, Gaul Mint I. c.f. Normanby 1465 Diameter 17.7mm, thickness 1.3mm, weight 1.76g

DENO-E10A75: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval harness pendant; Cast copper alloy oval harness pendant with traces of gilding, probably dating to the 14th or 15th century. The pendant is a dished, horizontal oval with a complete suspension loop extending from the top, in the perpendicular plane to the pendant. The pendant is very worn so no decoration can be seen on either side, although there are remains of gilding around the join between the pendant and the suspension loop. There is some green corrosion patina on the pendant but most of the metal has a dull copper colour with a somewhat pitted surface. Height (top of loop to bottom of pendant) 27.9mm, width (side to side of pendant) 19.6mm, thickness (pendant) 0.9mm, thickness (front to back of loop) 6.2mm, weight 3.90g

DENO-E0FBA5: PIN
Early medieval pin; Cast copper alloy ring-headed pin with top of ring and point both missing, probably dating to the early Anglo-Saxon period 5th-8th centuries. The head of the pin seems to have been a flattened ring, the bottom of which still remains. There is a small, circular boss or rivet showing on one face of the pin head, in the centre where it meets the shaft. The shaft is also somewhat flattened, with a sub-circular cross-section. The upper section of the shaft is decorated with cast horizontal lines, giving an impression as if it had been bound in fine thread. Below the decorated section, the pin shaft is undecorated and tapers towards the point. The metal has an even, thick, pale green patina over its surface. Length 71.1mm, width (at head) 8.9mm, thickness (shaft – max) 4.0mm, weight 6.25g Ref: There are various examples of pins in the Ashmolean Museum Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon collections (MacGregor and Bolick). Some show similar circumferential grooves on the shank and others have expanded, perforated terminals. See pages 183-189 and especially note pin 31.17 on page 185 (illustrated page 186).

DENO-E0F204: COIN WEIGHT
Medieval coin weight. Cast copper alloy weight of probable 15th or 16th century date. Small, flat, square weight with intricate, circular design cast into one face. Unfortunately the weight is too worn to make out the design with any accuracy. The reverse seems to be blank. Length 16.2mm, width 16.2mm, thickness 3.7mm, weight 6.44g

DENO-E0DDB6: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver penny of Henry II, cross and crosslets (Tealby) type, dated to 1158-1180. Thin flan. Very worn and creased. Obv. Portrait of king facing – crown and indication of hair on right hand side are the only aspects visible. H[…] Rev. Short cross pattee with a crosslet in each quadrant – three arms of main cross and two crosslets are the only aspects visible. No inscription remaining Diameter 19.5mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 1.15g

DENO-E07726: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle plate; Cast copper alloy mount of probable 14th century date. This could be a strap mount but is probably an integral buckle plate which has broken away from its buckle frame. The fitting is in the form of a long, narrow strip of metal with a concave back face, giving a humped cross-section. The terminal is of a tri-lobed shape, which narrows and then flares again to a broad, horizontal collar. Below the collar the plate is cast with a central ridge running along its length and is decorated symmetrically with a pair of indented dots, then a pair of triangles pointing to towards the central ridge. Below this there are four incised lines, another pair of dots and a final horizontal ridge. The plate is broken away just beyond the final transverse ridge, indicating that it was originally attached to a larger object, probably a buckle frame. There is a single small, circular rivet hole in the centre of the terminal with a small fixing pin still in place. Much of the surface of the metal has indications of copper oxide corrosion in that it is a red-brown colour. There is also a small amount of bright green corrosion at the broken end of the buckle plate. Length 46.6mm, width 13.9mm, thickness 4.2mm, weight 6.54g Ref: Compare Whitehead, pages 34 and 35, buckles 200, 205 and 206 for buckles with integral plates of similar design. Benet, page 454, buckle M12-0201 also has some similarities

DENO-E06064: COIN WEIGHT
Medieval weight; Small, square, cast copper alloy weight of probable 15th or 16th century date. The weight is a single square piece of copper alloy with one corner missing. The weight is very worn so the design, if any, cannot be made out. However, one side does seem to have a small cross above a circle containing some further design. This may be a coin weight or an apothecary's weight. As it is incomplete the actual weight of it is unlikely to be indicative. Length 14.1mm, width 14.1mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 2.34g (1.50 dwt, 36.1 grain)

DENO-DD5BE5: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, Virtus Exercit reverse, dated to 318-324. Mint mark illegible. Obv. Helmeted head of emperor facing right CONST / […]VS AVG Rev. Two captive, back to back against a central standard which reads ‘V[OT] / X [X]’ VI[R]TVS / EXE[RCIT] Diameter 18.3mm, thickness 1.3mm, weight 2.35g

DENO-9FFB01: COIN
A silver medieval farthing of Henry VI (1422-1461). Leaf pellet type dating to the period 1445-1454. Minted in London. North 1991, pg 80, no 1509. Diameter 11.7mm, thickness 0.3mm, weight 0.29g

DENO-9FEEE1: COIN
A copper alloy with silver wash clipped medieval contemporary copy of a penny from Edward III-(1327-1377). Probably minted in York. The reverse has a pellet at the centre of the main cross, which is a feature of some pennies of Canterbury and York of class 15d and of Durham from the pre-treaty Series A. The coin is also clipped, such that no inscription is present on either side. Quite worn, especially on the obverse - the portrait is very unclear. Obv. Crowned portrait facing. No inscription present Rev. Long cross extending into the legend ring. Three pellets in each quadrant. Pellet in centre of main cross. No inscription present. Diameter 15.1mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 0.52g

DENO-9FE7E1: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of the 4th century. Both faces too worn to decipher. Diameter 10.4mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 0.82g

DENO-9FDA38: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of the 4th century. Quite worn and corroded with sections missing from the edge. Reverse very worn and design indecipherable. Obv. Diademed head of emperor facing right Inscription missing Rev. Indecipherable Inscription missing Diameter 12.9mm, thickness 1.2mm, weight 0.69g

DENO-9FCDF1: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, Gloria Exercitus 2 standards reverse, dated to 330-335 AD. Reverse very worn. Obv. Diademed bust of emperor facing right […[INVLCONSTANTIN[…] Rev. Two soldiers holding two standards [GLORIA EXERCITVS] Diameter 15.5mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 1.94g

DENO-9FB5A1: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine, Victory on Prow reverse, dated to 330-335 AD. Obv. Helmeted head of Constantinople facing left [CONSTAN]TIN/[OPO]LIS Rev. Victory on prow of ship facing left, with shield behind No inscription Diameter 17.2mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 2.70g

DENO-38CEB5: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of Constantine I, dated to 307-318. Sol Invictus reverse. Trier mint Obv. Laureate bust of emperor facing right CONSTANTINVS PF AVG Rev. Sol Invictus standing, facing left, wearing radiate crown and cape and holding a whip and a globe. T to left of figure, F to right of figure. SOL INVIC/TO COMITI Mint mark PTR in exergue Diameter 22.4mm, thickness 1.4mm, weight 3.31g

DENO-38B345: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of Constantine I, votive wreath reverse, dated to 318-324 Obv. Large diademed head of emperor facing right CONSTAN/TIN[VS]AVG Rev. Wreath reading ‘VOT / X X’ DNCONSTANTINIMAXAVG Diameter 17.4mm, thickness 1.6mm, weight 2.02g

Medieval coin; Struck silver penny of Edward II, class 10cf4, dated to c1309. London mint. Obv. Crowned portrait of the king, facing. Portrait has North’s crown 4. EDWARANG[L]DNS[hYB] Rev. Long cross pattee which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant CIVI/TAS/[L]ON/DON Diameter 19.2mm, thickness 0.6mm, weight 1.19g Ref: North, Vol II, page 32, coin 1042/3

DENO-389D96: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver penny of Henry III (or possibly very early penny of Edward I), class Vh, dated to c1265-1275. Moneyer Renaud, mint London. Obv. Crowned portrait of the king, facing, holding a sceptre in his right hand, which divides the legend. The central fleur of the crown is struck as three pellets in a triangle rather than an actual fleur. hENRICVS REX / III Rev. Voided long cross which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. REN/AVD/ONL/VND (Ligation on EN, ON and ND) Diameter 18.5mm, thickness 0.7mm, weight 1.37g Ref: North, Vol I, page 227, coin 998

DENO-388E55: JETTON
Post medieval token; Struck copper alloy jetton from Nuremburg, signed to Hans Krauwinkel II and therefore dated to the late 16th or early 17th century (1586-1635). The reverse inscription translates roughly as "To God alone the glory". Obv. Three crowns and three fleurs de lis arranged alternately in a circle around a central rose. Six-petalled rose initial mark HANNS.KRAVWINKELIN.NVR Rev. Orb surmounted by a cross within a tri-lobed double border. Cross pattee initial mark. GOTT.ALLEIN.DIE.EERE SEI Diameter 20.8mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 1.33g

DENO-387F06: STRAP FITTING
Post medieval belt hook; Cast copper alloy S-shaped belt hook with snake head terminals dated to the 16th or 17th century. Single bar of copper alloy curled round at either end to act as a fixing for a belt. Each end is cast with a narrow ‘snout’ with a line for a mouth, brow ridges in relief and small eyes. There are also patches of a scaly pattern on the curves (which would be the back of the ‘necks’ of the snakes. The hook also has a cast decorative band around the centre with leaf or feather shapes extending from both sides towards the snakes heads. Length 42.7mm, width (back of one head to back of the other head) 28.8mm, thickness 7.6mm, weight 19.74g There are many similar examples on the PAS database. Compare, for instance, HAMP-46DEB6, SOM-3D2D15 and IOW-55B782.

DENO-383624: COIN
Roman coin; Struck silver denarius of Trajan issued in honour of his deceased father, Rome mint, dated AD115 (per Sear) Obv Laureate head of emperor facing right [IMP TRA]IANVS AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS[VI P P] Rev. Trajan’s father seated on curule chair, facing left, holding patera and sceptre DIVVS PATER/TRAIAN Diameter 18.7mm, thickness 1.7mm, weight 2.89g Refs: Sear, Vol II, page 124, coin 3323 RIC 252 (per Sear)

DENO-CC4163: SEAL MATRIX
Post medieval seal matrix; Cast copper alloy personal seal matrix of probable 17th century date. The seal plate is oval in shape and engraved with a delicate design of a bow with an arrow on it. The matrix then tapers up to a flat, openwork, tri-lobed handle with a fourth loop above the central lobe. Height 31.0mm, length (plate) 16.4mm, width (plate) 14.3mm, thickness (handle) 1.7mm, weight 5.69g

DENO-CC3867: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; Cast, gilt copper alloy buckle with buckle plate, dated to the 13th or 14th century. The buckle frame is of a single D-shaped loop type, which is expanded at the back and decorated with a curled, possibly foliate, design punched into it. The buckle plate is formed of a single sheet of copper alloy folded over and wrapped around the pin bar in two places. It is held together, and held onto the strap, by two rivets at the back end. One of the rivets is still in place and the other is present but detached. The buckle plate has zoomorphic decoration cast in low relief and then incised to give detail. It seems to be some form of beast, possibly a bird, facing to the right with a wing pointing down behind it and its tail raised. The whole of the front of the buckle plate shows remains of gilding and there are traces of gilt on the buckle frame as well. The pin is missing. Length (frame and plate) 45.2mm, length (plate) 32.3mm, width (plate) 17.0mm, thickness (plate) 4.3mm, width (frame) 22.9mm, thickness (frame) 7.3mm, weight (inc second rivet) 12.85g Refs: Whitehead page 20, buckle no 66 Mills, page 14 & 15, buckles no NM.7 and NM.8 Egan, ‘Dress Accessories’ page 113, buckle plate 530 for similar style of decoration.

DENO-CC2EB5: BROOCH
Medieval brooch; Cast copper alloy ring brooch with inlaid turrets dating to the 14th century. The brooch has a basic circular shape with ‘turrets’ extending up from the base plate. The turrets are formed as cylinders of copper alloy and show indications of having been inlaid with glass or stones in the top of the cylinders. There are 8 tall turrets, evenly spaced around the ring. There are alternated with 7 smaller turrets, the gap being where the pin is bent around the brooch. The pin is still present and is in the form of a flat, narrow bar of copper alloy which is bent to it does not touches the edge of the brooch at a point which is not opposite its fixing point. It is unclear whether this bend is intentional or as a result of later damage. One of the smaller turrets retains its inlay in the form of a small piece of red-brown stone. The others show remnants of the fixant used to hold their inlays in place. The whole piece has a uniform, smooth, grey-green patina but the patina on the pin is of a much brighter green, indicating that it is formed of a different alloy to the main body of the brooch. Diameter 26.5mm, thickness (at taller turrets) 5.4mm, thickness (at smaller turrets) 4.2mm, width (pin) 2.2mm, thickness (pin) 1.2mm, weight 6.91g Refs: Norwich Households page 14-15 for illustrations and page 16 for discussion, brooch no 58. Benet page 356 brooch M07-0106

DENO-CC1FC7: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver cut halfpenny of Henry III, London mint, either class II or III, dating to 1248-1250. Moneyer not present. Obv. Portrait of the king, facing. No sceptre. Bottom of face and neck present. [HENR]ICVS REX […] Rev. Voided long cross which divides the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. […]/ONL/VND Diameter 18.4mm, thickness 0.7mm, weight 0.63g

DENO-CC1053: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck silver shilling of Charles I, tower mint, dated to 1645 (by the initial mark). Initial mark is an eye. Obv. Crowned bust of the king facing left with the denomination ‘XII’ behind the bust. CA[R]OLV[S.D.G].MAG.BRI[.FRA].ET.HI[B.]REX Squared royal shield CHR[IS]TO[.AVSP]ICE.REGNO. Diameter 31.0mm, thickness 0.9mm, weight 5.63g

DENO-CC04C7: STRAP END
Early medieval strap end; Cast copper alloy strap end with three-dimensional zoomorphic terminal and remains of leather in the split end. The strap end is probably of later 10th or 11th century date, due to the development of the three-dimensional cast animal head at the terminal. The strap end is made of a single strip of copper alloy, split at the back end and held to the strap with a single rivet, the head of which can be seen on the back of the strap end. The artefact has straight sides which taper towards the terminal end. The terminal is shaped in the form of a snout and has little cast knops to represent ears and eyes. The strap end is quite worn and corroded so the decoration is not clear but there is an indication of incised cross hatching in the panel behind the animal head. Most of the original surface of the metal is missing and there is now a fairly uniform covering of orange-brown copper oxide corrosion. There are also tiny spots of pale green powdery copper chloride corrosion (the so-called ‘bronze disease’). The split at the back end of the artefact can be seen to contain the leather from the original strap. Length 47.6mm, width 11.6mm, thickness 6.0mm, weight 11.86g

DENO-CBF274: JEWELLERY
Post medieval jewellery link; Small, oval gold link from a bracelet chain, pendant or other form of personal adornment. Dated to the 17th century, based on stylistic features. The main link is a three-dimensional oval 'box' with a faint line around one face, indicating that it was made separately and then attached to form the box-like structure. This also indicates that the link may be hollow. It is decorated with engraved letters on both faces. One side has the letters 'IHS' with a cross extending up from the cross-bar of the H and a group of three small arrows pointing up from the centre of the bottom of the face. The other face has the letters 'MA' above a heart. There is a humped line engraved above the letters on this face. The two faces are positioned so that the lettering on one face is the other way up to the lettering on the other face. There is a beaded band around the edge of the link and a tiny, integral, cast circular loop extending at either end. One loop is still attached to the next link in the chain, which is a simple, circular loop of gold wire. Length (main link only) 13.6mm, width 7.3mm, thickness 4.0mm, diameter (secondary link) 6.3mm, weight 0.91g As potential treasure this artefact was examined by Dr Dora Thornton, Curator of Renaissance Collections at The British Museum. Her report was as follows: "Miniature gold oval container with rope design all around the middle, integral suspension loop at either end, one larger than the other. The oval element has a gold plaque on one of its sides which may have been designed to lift off to reveal a hollow compartment within, and the fact that upper side of this plaque is engraved with IHS (Jesus) with a cross and three arrows or spears suggests that the box may have been designed as a reliquary. The other side of the oval element is engraved with owner's initials MA over a pierced heart. The two loops suggest that this may be part of a larger item of jewellery such as a chain or rosary; the style and lettering suggests a 17th Century date implying that this jewel may have been specially made for a recusant, whether or not it was intended to serve as a reliquary. Probably 17th Century. As such, due to its age and precious metal content, this object qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996."

DENO-CBE013: FINGER RING
A medieval silver finger-ring, the bezel formed of an engraved quatrilobe. The band is of D-shaped section. The finger-ring dates to the 13th or 14th century. Diameter: 22mm; Diameter including bezel: 23mm

DENO-CBB7F7: SEAL MATRIX
Post medieval seal matrix; Cast copper alloy circular seal matrix with remains of the stem or fitting on the back, probably dating to the 16th – 18th centuries. The seal consists of a small, flat, circular plate with a building or gateway engraved into it. The back of the plate has a circular rod attached roughly in the centre. This rod is broken off fairly close to the seal plate so the original attachment is unclear. Diameter 17.4mm, thickness (plate) 2.2mm, thickness (with stem) 8.6mm, diameter (stem) 5.2mm, weight 4.48g

DENO-CBA1A6: STRAP FITTING
Post medieval belt fitting; Cast copper alloy S-shaped belt hook with animal-head terminals, probably dating to the 16th or 17th century. The fitting has an animal head with moulded ears, eyes, snout and open mouth at each end. There is also a central decorative rib of small bosses with moulded, possibly foliate, decoration extending out from either side towards the terminals. The piece is quite worn and has a green patina with some traces of dark orange-brown corrosion. Length 30.4mm, width 17.8mm, thickness 4.9mm, weight 7.01g A very similar example can be seen on the database at LEIC-0FB331.

DENO-953944: BROOCH
Early medieval brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy disc brooch of probable 9th century date. The brooch is formed of a flat, circular plate cast with a design with roundels and indications of interlace. The artefact consists of two fragments of the plate which fit together, one of which seems more worn than the other. Unfortunately the back of the fragments cannot be closely examined due to the adhesive which has been used to hold them together, but there is no indication that any of the pin or pin mounting survives. From the existing fragment it can be postulated that the original design had four roundels spaced around the exterior of the brooch but it is not possible to be more specific about the overall design. The fragment is worn so the pattern is unclear but there does not seem to be any zoomorphic element to the design. The abstract design is an indication of a 9th century date (rather than an earlier one). The layout is also similar to that of the Scandinavian-inspired Borre style disc brooches of the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Diameter 35.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, weight 8.80g

DENO-94FA27: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval harness pendant; Cast copper alloy harness pendant with enamelled decoration, dating to the 14th/15th century. The harness pendant is formed of a single, flat, shield-shaped plate of copper alloy with a suspension loop drawn up from the centre of the top and lying in the perpendicular plane to the main plate of the pendant. The pendant is decorated with what seems to be a lion rampant in the top left quarter and broad, diagonal stripes (going from top left to bottom right) across the rest of the shield. There is yellow enamel on the lion and pale blue-white enamel on alternate stripes. There is some green corrosion obscuring the lion and in various patches across the rest of the artefact. Length (top of loop to bottom of pendant) 27.5mm, width 17.1mm, thickness (loop) 4.8mm, thickness (pendant) 2.7mm, weight 4.14g. David Harpin researched the heraldry on this object and suggests a couple of possibilities: 1) The Bellingham (Belyngham) family. Argent 3 bends & in canton Gules lion rampant Argent. College Arms. c1520. 2) Richard Passelewe. Argent 3 bends Azure on canton Sable lion passant Or. College Arms. Colourwise this fits more closely, but the lion is of a different type. The references are late, and would have been copies of copies. Also the colours of the enamel are unusual, and may have been altered in the ground. Alternatively, the heraldry could be of a family that is not listed in any Rolls, or cousins of one of these families who have differenced by changing the colours, which is known to have happened. For references see Woodcock, T., Grant, J. and Graham, I., 1996 Dictionary of British Arms. volume 2. page 119.

DENO-94B4E2: PURSE
Medieval purse bar; Cast copper alloy purse bar, probably dating to the late 15th century. The purse bar is formed of two pieces of copper alloy, one forming a bar with decorative terminals and the remains of the stitching plates and the other forming a swivelling knop which is fitted through the bar. The bar has a flattened cross section (in the vertical plane). It is humped at the centre, then narrows towards the ends before widening again at the flat, rounded terminals. The terminals are formed as double ridges. There is a narrow, flat strip of metal extending along to bottom of the purse bar, towards both ends. These strips are each pierced three times with small circular holes and would have been the area where the purse bar was stitched to the body of the purse. The centre of the main purse bar is also pierced with a large hole, through with an upright bar with a moulded, flattened handle knop passes. This bar is freely movable within the main purse bar and can be swivelled, as well as slid up and down through the hole. The whole purse bar has an even, thick, pale green patina over its surface. Length 50.9mm, width (top to bottom) 29.4mm, thickness 9.5mm, weight 25.44g Ref: Mills, page 99, object NM.259 for similar shaped purse bar.

DENO-948254: STRAP END
Medieval strap end; Large cast copper alloy strap end with king’s head decoration and remains of leather between the plates. Dated to the 14th century. The strap end is formed of two plates of copper alloy. The front plate is a long, solid plate which includes the terminal, while the back plate is much shorter. The front plate is folded down at the edges to form narrow ‘sides’ and the back plate is then attached to give a box-like structure to the strap end. The strap end is held to the strap by means of two small rivets, the heads of which can be seen on the back of the strap end. The strap end terminal is decorated with a crowned human head. The shape of the strap end is cast such that it narrows to a neck and then flares out again in what appears to be a high collar. There is then a rounded head topped with a crown which has low sides and a large central decorative device. The features of the face are also cast into the strap end, with a nose in high relief with a small mouth, rounded eyebrows and almond-shaped eyes. Length 47.0mm, width 16.1mm, thickness 4.2mm, weight 9.33g Cf Mills, page 20, object NM.27 for strap end of similar shape and style & page 22, object NM.36 for crowned head strap mount of similar design. Also cf Whitehead, pages 42 & 43, buckles 242-244 of 14th century date showing crowned heads. Also cf Museum of London ‘Dress Accessories’ page 133 (fig 86), strap end marked ‘private collection’.

DENO-945857: FINGER RING
Roman ring; Cast copper alloy finger ring with incomplete flat area at the bezel which indicates that this was probably a key ring. The ring is formed of a thin, copper alloy band of oval cross section. The band is flattened at one side and the flat area has a break at one edge, indicating that something has been broken away. I speculate that the missing section may be the tines of a locking key. Key finger rings have been found in contexts from all times within the Roman period, although they seem to have been most common in the 2nd century. Diameter 21.4mm, thickness (ring) 2.6mm, length (bezel) 7.8mm, width (bezel) 4.8mm, thickness (bezel) 3.2mm, weight 1.98g Ref Mills, pages 83 & 84, objects RB249 (a & b) and RB 250

DENO-943191: BEAD
Roman bead; Large turquoise faience 'melon' bead of 1st or 2nd century date. Spherical bead, flattened at top and bottom and pierced through with a large, cylindrical hole. The bead has ridges running from top to bottom and has a pale turquoise-green glaze over its surface. There is a small area chipped away from one end, around the mouth of the hole. Height 14.8mm, diameter (across the middle of the bead) 17.9mm, weight 4.03g

DENO-C14811: COIN
Roman coin: incomplete silver denarius of Titus, TR P VIIII IMP XIIII COS VII P P (slow quadriga) reverse, mint of Rome, date AD 79. Diameter 17.3mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 1.09g. Reference: RIC II, Part 1 (second edition) Titus 25.

DENO-5A8C81: STRAP FITTING
Medieval fitting; Incomplete cast copper alloy swivel fitting with zoomorphic terminals to the main loop. Dated to the 12th – 15th centuries. The fitting consists of a main section formed of a large loop butting onto a broad, oval, domed boss. This boss would be hollow. There is then a smaller loop which would have a stem extending up from the middle to fit inside the boss of the larger loop allowing the two loops to swivel around the central stem. This example has the boss with both terminals of the larger loop, together with much of the lower loop. The loops are still fitted together but do not currently swivel, although this may simply be due to a quantity of soil still packed in the gap between the loops. The terminals of the larger loop are in the form of animal heads with relief decoration indicating simple eyes and open mouths. Length (bottom of smaller loop to top of remaining fragment of larger loop) 34.7mm, width (larger loop) 25.7mm, thickness (across domed boss) 12.1mm, weight 11.29g

DENO-5A6EA3: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck silver 3 farthings of Elizabeth I, second coinage, dated to 1561-1582. Somewhat clipped - initial mark missing. Obv. Crowned bust of the queen facing left with rose behind. Face obscured by staining and wear and rose almost indistinguishable. E D G ROS[A S]I[NE SPINA] Rev. Squared royal shield over long cross fleury which divides the legend. CIVI/T[AS / LO]N/[DON] Diameter 13.6mm, thickness 0.3mm, weight 0.44g Ref: North, Volume II, page 135, coin 2002.

Roman coin; Struck silver denarius of Antoninus Pius. Clasped hands reverse. Per Sear, minted at Rome and dated to AD 146. Obv. Laureate and bearded head of emperor facing right ANTONINVS / AVG PIVS P[P] Rev. Clasped hands holding a caduceus between two ears of corn COS / III[I] Diameter 18.9mm, thickness 2.3mm, weight 2.69g Refs: Sear Volume II, page 212, coin 4078 RIC 136 (per Sear)

DENO-5A17D6: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver Irish penny of John, third (Rex) coinage, dated to c1207-1211. Roberd moneyer, Dublin mint. Obv. Crowned portrait of king, facing, within a triangle. King holds a sceptre in his right hand, which divides the legend IOhA / [NNES] / [R]E / X Rev. A sun, crescent moon and three stars in a triangle, with the legend around the edge ROB[E] / RDON / DIVE Diameter 16.5mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 1.03g Ref: Spink “Coins of Scotland, Ireland and the Islands”; Second edition; 2003; page 123, coin number 6228

DENO-705918: SPINDLE WHORL
Spindle whorl; Decorated cast lead spindle whorl. The spindle whorl is circular with a double convex cross section. It has a circular hole slightly off-set from the centre and a raised rim around the edge, on both faces. The spindle whorl is decorated on both faces with pellets and lines, cast in a seemingly abstract pattern. The metal has a uniform thick white patina across its surface. Spindle whorls are difficult to date as they remained in use, in a very similar form, for many centuries. Diameter 33.1mm, thickness 10.5mm, weight 53.37g

DENO-704BF1: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy ‘Polden Hill’ type dolphin brooch of the 1st century AD. This fragment consists of the wings, head and start of the bow of the brooch. The foot, pin and catchplate are missing. The brooch has long, cylindrical wings housing the pin bar and spring. The spring is present, although the pin is missing. The wings have an incised ring in the each end and are decorated with a single moulded band around the end and then a triple band further in towards the brooch head, the central band of which is decorated with incised hatched lines. The bow is broad and tapering, but is flattened at the point where it meets the wings and has a stepped ‘crest’ along its top. The bow is decorated with a double moulded band running down its length, both bands of which are hatched. The remains of the very top of the catchplate are present on the back of the brooch bow. The whole brooch has a very smooth, tactile, green-grey patina over its surface. Length 34.9mm, width (wings) 38.3mm, thickness (at head) 17.4mm, weight 24.19g Ref: Hattatt, page 300, figure 159

DENO-704205: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Fragment of cast copper alloy trumpet-headed brooch of the 1st-2nd centuries. The fragment consists of the trumpet and the start of the bow with the boss at the head. It is broken off just below the head boss. The back of the trumpet has the remains of the pin hinge but the pin, brooch foot and catchplate are missing. The brooch has a narrow, undecorated, flared trumpet head with a narrow shaft leading to a moulded decorative boss. It is very worn and the decorative moulding cannot be distinguished. There is a thick, pale green patina over the surface of the metal. Length 38.7mm, width (trumpet) 12.6mm, thickness (at boss) 8.1mm, weight 10.64g Ref: Hattatt, pages 326-327, figures 185-186.

DENO-702BB1: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck gold quarter noble of Edward III, Fourth coinage, Treaty period, dated to 1361-1363. Cross potent initial mark. Trefoils on cusps of obverse tressure. The reverse has a cross potent in the centre, with large pellets in each angle and in the middle. The coin is somewhat damaged, with creases and a small hole torn in the middle. Obv. Shield quartered with the arms of England and France within a tressure of eight arches. Trefoils on cusps of tressure. EDWAR.DEI.GRAC.REX.ANGL.D Rev. Floriated cross with a lis at the end of each limb; a lion in each angle; all within a tressure of eight arches. Small cross potent in the centre, with large pellets in each angle and in the middle. EXALBITVR IN GLORIA Diameter 20.1mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 1.80g Ref: North, Vol II, page 54, number 1224

DENO-702531: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; Incomplete cast copper alloy double loop buckle with moulded decoration, dating to c1550-1650. This fragment consists of the pin bar, one complete buckle frame loop and the start of both ends of the other loop. The pin bar is narrow and has a d-shaped cross section. There are moulded scallops at either end of the pin bar, where the buckle frame loops start. The complete loop has moulded decoration but this is now worn and indistinct. Length (across the complete loop) 27.1mm, width (edge of pin bar to back of loop) 18.4mm, thickness 3.4mm, weight 3.62g Ref: Whitehead, pages 68-69, especially buckle 430

DENO-700E00: COIN
Roman coin; Fragment of struck silver denarius of either Antoninus Pius (138-161), Caracalla (198-217) or Elagabalus (218-222). (All of the above emperors used the name ‘Antoninus’ on their coinage). The reverse has a seated figure, facing left, holding a spear and may possibly be Salus feeding a snake arising from an altar. Obv. Laureate head of emperor facing right. Back of head present. ANTONINVS[…] Rev. Figure seated, facing left, holding spear behind head […]III Diameter 18.7mm, thickness 2.4mm, weight 1.68g

DENO-6FFD50: COIN
Roman coin; Radiate of Postumus, dating to 260-269. Reverse cannot be distinguished. Obv. Radiate head of emperor facing right IMP C POSTVM[VS] P F AVG Rev. Extremely worn – nothing visible. Diameter 18.6mm, thickness 1.1mm, weight 1.65g

DENO-6FF093: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy bow brooch of late Iron Age or early Roman date (1st century AD). The fragment is a simple, long, narrow, tapering bow with no extant decoration. There are no remains of wings, pin or catchplate, although the position of the catchplate is discernible from a ridge along the back of the foot end of the bow. Length 61.5mm, width 8.8mm, thickness 4.6mm, weight 6.44g Ref: Hattatt, page 295, figure 154, brooch 266 and page 296, figure 155, brooch 249

DENO-6FADA8: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval seal matrix; Cast lead, pointed oval, personal seal matrix of probable 13th century date. The matrix is formed of a broad, flat, pointed oval plate of lead with the seal design carved into one side. The back has a simple cross crudely scratched into it and has an integral suspension loop formed from a strip of lead. The loop is near to the top point of the seal and has been squashed and bent backwards over time. The seal has a central design of a cross-of-wedges with four further wedges radiation between the arms of the cross. There is also a pointed oval to both the top and bottom of this central design. It reads 'S' ROBERTI F[I]AUNCEWS' (although I am not certain about the 'W') which gives a probable translation of 'Seal of Robert, son of []auncews'. There is a small knick missing from the bottom of the seal. This is recent damage. Length 38.5mm, width 22.9mm, thickness (with loop) 12.3mm, thickness (plate) 5.6mm, weight 37.33g. The surname may be Auncel, related to the personal name Ansel or Anselm.

DENO-6FA221: PIN
Roman pin; Cast copper alloy pin with bun-shaped head. The head is a flattened oval shape and there are incised lines forming a single narrow collar between head and shaft. The shaft tapers slightly and has been bent at the very end, just before the point where it is broken off. Length 54.4mm, width (head) 7.8mm, weight 3.08g

DENO-6F80A0: FINGER RING
Roman finger ring, copper-alloy with remains of gilding and polychrome glass inset bezel which is probably an intaglio. Large heavy ring with a narrow band, of oval cross-section, at the back which then broadens at the front to house an oval bezel inset. The bezel is of stone or glass which is opaque white around the edge, with an opaque red ring concentric to the edge and finally a dark transluscent red glass central oval. The central oval has crazed and deteriorated so it is no longer possible to tell whether it had a design carved into it. The ring has the remains of unusually thick gilding present across the inside surface (where it would have been next to the skin) but none remains on the outer surface. The bronze has a build up of a rust-coloured corrosion product affecting various areas of its surface, possibly indicating a high iron content to the alloy. There are also some spots of verdigris. Very little of the original surface of the metal remains. Width (across span of ring) 27.6mm, depth (bezel to back of ring) 24.9mm, width (at bezel) 11.0mm, thickness (including bezel inset) 5.2mm, thickness (at back of ring) 3.5mm, weight 9.78g

DENO-6F75F5: STRAP END
Early Medieval strap end; Cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon strap end with silvered interlace decoration and zoomorphic terminal. Probably of 8th or 9th century date. The strap end is sub-rectangular, tapering slightly at the split end and narrowing to a rounded point at the terminal end. The back plate has the remains of two circular rivet holes at the split end. The front plate is broken off at the point where the rivet holes would be. The terminal end has moulded decoration indicating an animal head with circular eyes and prominent brow. The panel behind the animal head has interlace decoration, possibly in the form of a beast with a gaping mouth. The interlace panel is picked out with the remains of silvering. The back is undecorated. Length 39.0mm, width (max) 10.4mm, thickness 2.5mm, weight 4.70g

DENO-623903: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver cut halfpenny of Henry III, class Vc, dated to 1250 – c1256. Struck at Canterbury, moneyer Nicole. Obv. Portrait of king, facing. The section with the sceptre is not present. Portrait has almond-shaped eyes. [HE]NRICVS R[EX III] Rev. Voided long cross dividing the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. [NIC]/OLE/ONC/[ANT] Diameter 18.4mm, thickness 0.4mm, weight 0.62g Ref: North, vol 1, page 227, coin 993

DENO-601E75: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy lion brooch derivative, riveted to a swivelling plate attachment. Dated to the 1st century. The artefact has cylindrical wings housing the pin spring and with a gap for the pin to protrude, although the pin itself is missing. The bow is fairly flat and has a decorative moulded collar at the head which consists of a relief boss then a transverse ridge. The brooch then flares out to a rounded terminal, which has a ridge across it followed by a concave curve down to the edge of the metal (derived from earlier lion-shaped mouldings). This terminal has a single squared rivet on the back which attaches through fragments of two very thin sheets of copper alloy. The first follows the shape of the inner face of the brooch and has a rounded slit pierced through it. The second sheet seems undecorated and is loose enough to swivel on the rivet. This brooch does not have the usual triangular plate at the foot but has the separate, attached plate instead. This indicates that the brooch may have been broken and repaired, quite crudely, in antiquity. Length (brooch) 29.4mm, width (wings) 21.5mm, thickness (bow) 3.4mm, thickness (sheet metal) 0.4mm, weight 8.03g Ref: Hattatt, fig 166, especially broooch number 280

DENO-E35643: SEAL MATRIX
Medieval seal matrix; Cast copper alloy circular seal matrix dating to the 13th or 14th centuries. The front face has a central design of six spiral arms extending from the mid-point of the seal. The legend is incised around the edge and reads [S’ T]OLVERD Ft EDVI’EVED[…]. The back of the seal matrix is undecorated but has an integral, curved loop at the top edge (corresponding to the start of the legend on the front face). Diameter 30.7mm, thickness (plate) 4.4mm, thickness (with loop) 12.3mm, weight 24.57g

DENO-E34595: COIN
Struck silver penny of Edward I or II, class 10ab, 11, 12a or 13, dated to 1300-1318. London mint. Penny is very worn so closer classification is not possible. Obv. Bust of king facing, with bifoliate crown. Initial mark is a cross pattee. [EDW]A R ANGL D[NS] h[Y]B Rev. Long cross pattee dividing the legend. Three pellets in each quadrant. CIVI/TAS/LON/DON Diameter 18.9mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 1.35g

DENO-E32C95: STRAP FITTING
Medieval swivel strap fitting; Cast copper alloy swivel strap fitting with zoomorphic terminals, dated to the 12th-15th centuries. This artefact is one half of a swivel fitting which would originally have consisted of two D-shaped loops, one with a pin and one with a socket, with fit together such that the loops can be swivelled on the pin. This artefact is the loop with the socket to hold the pin. It consists of a loop of circular cross section which flares at either end to debased animal head terminals. The terminals are stepped to indicate a brow ridge and have little knobs to indicate ears. There is a deep incised line down the centre of each head between the ears. The heads abut a broad, oval boss with a circular hole in the bottom to accept the pin from the other loop of the swivel fitting. A small, oval hole has been worn through on one side of the boss. Similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database, for example those at DENO-5D7CF3, BERK-478235, SF-F0D4D8, SF-082EA0 and SF-50A562. Height 21.1mm, width (across animal heads) 25.4mm, width (boss) 15.5mm, depth (boss) 11.3mm, thickness (frame) 3.0mm, weight 9.01g

DENO-E31EC0: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch, dated to the 1st to 2nd centuries. Brooch has a simple trumpet-shaped head with no wings. The bow curves deeply outwards and has a decorative collar at its middle. The collar consists of four prominent horizontal ridges moulded in relief. The foot has two similar ridges in relief and ends in a small terminal knop. The catchplate is complete. The pin is missing, although the pin bar and remains of the pin spring are still present. The brooch has a green patina over its surface. Length 54.2mm, width (head) 14.1mm, width (bow) 9.0mm, thickness (bow) 5.1mm, weight 9.20g Ref: Hattatt, pages 326-328, fig 185-187, especially brooch 439 on pg 328, fig 187

DENO-90B1C3: TOKEN
Post-medieval token; Cast copper alloy halfpenny poor token of Grantham, dated 1667. Both sides have a small five-petalled flower in the 12 o’clock position (similar to a mint mark) The obverse reads ‘BY Ye OVERSEERS OF Ye POORE’ in the outer ring with ‘GRAN/THAM/1667’ in the inner circle. The reverse has a chequered shield in the centre with ‘A HALF PENNY TO BE EXCHAING’ in the outer ring. Diameter 19.9mm, thickness 0.9mm, weight 1.85g

DENO-90A824: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy umbonate brooch with enamelled decoration, dated to the 2nd century. The brooch has a humped, circular central section with the remains of an outer border beyond the central plate. This outer rim extends at one end to a small, sub-triangular section which holds the pin fitting. The pin is hinged and the whole pin, with fitting, is still present, although the catchplate is missing. The central disc is decorated with triangular segments of enamel forming two concentric circles pointing to the centre of the brooch. The outer ring is formed of dark blue triangles and the inner ring is formed of alternating dark blue and red triangles. Length (edge by pin fitting to other side of brooch) 24.3mm, diameter (central disc) 19.0mm, thickness 8.6mm, weight 3.95g Ref: Hattatt, page 350, figure 209, brooches 1060 and 128

Medieval coin; Struck silver groat of Edward III, fourth coinage, pre-treaty series, series G, dated to 1356-1361. Initial mark is of Cross 3 type. All Ns are unbarred. Legends have annulet stops. The legend in the inner ring starts in the opposite quadrant from the legend in the outer ring. Obv. Crowned bust of king, facing EDWARD [D G] REX.ANGL Z FRANC.D HYB Rev. Long cross pattee dividing the legends. Three pellets in each quadrant POSVI/.DEV[M].A/DIVTOR/EM.MEV//CIVI/TAS/LON/DON Diameter 27.3mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 4.42g Ref: North, vol II, pg 53, number 1194

DENO-907885: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy dolphin brooch dating to the 1st century. One wing missing. The remaining wing is a broad and slightly flattened cylindrical shape. It is decorated with an incised hatched band which runs diagonally from the inner side of the end of the wing towards the middle of the outer side of the wing, near the start of the bow. The bow is a simple, deeply curved dolphin shape which tapers gracefully to a point. It has a similar decorative band to the wing which runs along the length of the centre of the bow. There is no evidence of a foot. The catchplate and pin are missing. Length 39.2mm, width 22.9mm, thickness (at head of bow) 6.6mm, weight 10.64g

DENO-906EA6: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval harness pendant; Cast copper alloy pendant with remnants of a red enamel cross and possible gilding, probably dated to the 14th century. The pendant is shield-shaped with a stick for suspension extending from the top. This has the remains of a suspension loop in the perpendicular plane from the pendant itself. The pendant is decorated with a long cross in red enamel, much of which remains. There are also tiny traces of possible gilding at the top left of the shield. The back face is undecorated. Length 34.2mm, width 18.5mm, thickness 2.3mm, weight 3.70g

DENO-906371: BUCKLE
Post-medieval buckle; Cast copper alloy double loop asymmetrical buckle with decorative knop on outer edge of rounded loop, dated to c1575-1700. The buckle frame has a D-shaped cross section with a narrowed pinbar. The bar gives a sub-rectangular loop and a semi-circular loop. There is a circular knop on the outer edge of the semi-circular loop, which has traces of incised decoration on its surface. Length 28.4mm, width 17.0mm, thickness 2.3mm, weight 2.51g Ref Whitehead, pg 92, buckles 580-585

DENO-905BA4: HARNESS FITTING
Early medieval (Anglo Scandinavian) strap fitting; Cast copper alloy harness strap mount of probable early 11th century date. The mount is flat in cross section and consists of a central fixing plate of approximate teardrop shape with a three-lobed knop at the pointed end. The plate has four small, circular rivet holes through it. A band extends from either side of the central plate. To the right the band expands to diamond-shaped frame with an oval hole through it and a decorative knop at each corner. The band to the other side of the central plate narrows and is then broken off. The metal has a dark corrosion and none of the original surface remains. Height (central fixing plate) 43.6mm, width (end of frame to break) 62.9mm, thickness 3.0mm, weight 17.82g

DENO-904BC2: BROOCH
Roman brooch; fragment of cast copper alloy bow brooch – head and start of wings only. Very worn. The fragment has the beginnings of both wings, worn to rounded points and flattened. Nothing of the pin spring or the back of the wings remains. The head of the bow is present, also worn to a rounded point. No indication of decoration remains. The metal has a thick, grey-green patina over its surface. Length 16.0mm, width (wings) 20.1mm, thickness (at bow) 5.5mm, weight 5.30g

DENO-902FC0: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Small, cast, copper alloy T-shaped brooch of 1st century date. The brooch has very small, almost vestigial, wings of oval cross-section. The wings house the pin spring coil, all four loops of which still remain, although the pin itself is missing. The brooch has the remains of a loop extending from the top. The bow tapers smoothly to a flared, flattened foot. There is no extant decoration. Length 27.9mm, width (at wings) 9.7mm, thickness 2.6mm, weight 2.14g

DENO-8FEBD5: COIN
Medieval coin; Incomplete struck silver long cross penny of Edward I or II (classes 10ab, 11, 12a or 13). Canterbury mint. Dated to c1300-1318. Section missing from edge of coin. Obv. Portrait of king, facing, with bifoliate crown [EDW]A R ANGL DNS hYB Rev. Long cross pattee dividing legend, three pellets in each quadrant CI[VI/TAS]/CAN/TOR Diameter 17.9mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 0.81g

DENO-8FD502: COIN
Post medieval coin; struck silver halfgroat of Elizabeth I, third coinage, dated to 1600-1601 (by the mint mark). Obverse very worn, portrait virtually indistinguishable, although the two pellets behind the bust can be seen, thus giving the denomination of the coin. Cypher mint mark. Sections missing from the edge of the coin. Obv. Bust indistinguishable, but facing left. Two pellets behind bust. [E D G R]OSA S[INE] SPINA Rev. Squared royal shield over long cross fleury dividing the legend CIVI/TAS/LON/[DON] Diameter 16.6mm, thickness 0.5mm, weight 0.79g

DENO-8FC332: COIN
Roman coin; Contemporary copy of a silver denarius of Hadrian, Victory seated reverse, dated to 134. Struck copper alloy coin with indications of remains of a silver coating. Obv. Bare-headed profile portrait of Hadrian facing right HADRIANVS / AVG COS III P P Rev. Victory seated, facing left, holding wreath and palm VICTORIA / AVG Ref. RIC 286 Diameter 18.8mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 2.91g

DENO-8FAF42: STRAP FITTING
Medieval strap fitting; Cast copper alloy swivel strap fitting with zoomorphic terminals. This artefact is one half of a swivel fitting which would originally have consisted of two D-shaped loops, one with a pin and one with a socket, with fit together such that the loops can be swivelled on the pin. This artefact is the loop with the integral pin. It consists of a loop of D-shaped cross section which flares at either end to zoomorphic terminals. The terminals have incised lines and dots to indicate the eyes and open mouths of animal heads. These heads abut a circular, domed boss with three decorative incised lines around its base. The bottom of this boss is flat with a short, circular pin extending from it. Similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database, for example those at DENO-5D7CF3, BERK-478235, SF-F0D4D8, SF-082EA0 and SF-50A562. Height 27.0mm, width 22.9mm, diameter (boss) 13.9mm, thickness (frame) 4.3mm, weight 9.74g

DENO-8F9193: WEIGHT
Medieval weight; Cast lead shield-shaped weight with lion rampant design, dated to the 13th-16th centuries. The weight is flat, with a narrow border decorated with incised, hatched lines, surrounding a raised inner shield-shape with a skinny lion rampant, facing left, cast in relief. The weight has a small, rectangular hole pierced through it above the lion’s head. The design is very worn. The metal has a thick, white-grey patina over its surface. Length 49.9mm, width 35.3mm, thickness 9.9mm, weight 106.2g

DENO-8F6186: CLASP
Medieval strap clasp of copper alloy, dated to c1300-1450. It Clasp has a sub-rectangular frame, the top and bottom edges outcurved and the bar of circular cross-section. The clasp has a double plate with a single rivet in the centre at the end. The frame has a small, rotating ('folding') sheet-metal end wrapped around the outer edge. This has a fixed bar-mount across it. Length 38.7mm, width 13.4mm, thickness 2.1mm, weight 3.78g Ref. Whitehead, pg 40-41, buckles 226-233.

DENO-8F43E7: WEIGHT
Possible medieval weight; Cast lead disc which may be a weight. The weight is circular with cast relief decoration on one face. The design seems to show a beast rampant, facing left in the centre with an inscription around the edge. Corrosion and wear have unfortunately rendered the inscription illegible. The reverse side has a small circular hole in the centre but is otherwise undecorated. This may be comparable to the weight shown in Biggs & Withers ‘Lead Weights; The David Rogers Collection’ as number 33, on page 23, although that example is much larger and heavier. Diameter 26.4mm, thickness 6.5mm, weight 26.36g

DENO-8F3462: BADGE
Medieval badge or toy; Cast lead plate representing the torso and skirt of a lady, with head and arms missing. The plate is roughly hourglass shaped with cast relief decoration on one face indicating the dress. The back of the object is undecorated. Length 54.4mm, width 38.7mm, thickness 3.1mm, weight 35.49g Ref: Compare the complete figurine in Benet, page 526, object M23-0301

DENO-8F1E44: COIN
Medieval coin; Hammered silver penny of Henry I, profile issue, cross fleury with pellet reverse, 1102-1103. Moneyer Folcard, minted at Thetford. (Moneyer and mint identified by Martin Allen of Cambridge) Diameter 17.1mm, thickness 1.3mm, weight 1.02g North number 858 (North, volume 1, page 196 and plate 16, figures 15 & 16) Obv. Profile crowned bust left holding sceptre. Quite worn - sceptre visible. HENRI [REX] Rev. Cross fleury with pellet in centre Inscription unclear as double struck. (seems to read RPORD ON TIIIED)

DENO-7F4582: TOGGLE
Iron Age fastener; Cast copper alloy toggle fastener dating to the late Iron Age or possibly the early Roman period. The fastener is formed of a small, hollow cylinder of copper alloy with flat, circular terminals. The cylinder narrows just before the terminals and has an incised line around its centre. A thin band of the metal has been pulled out at the back of the cylinder to form an attachment loop, leaving an oval hole behind the loop. Many similar examples are recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database. Compare, for instance, ESS-CC8296, HESH-786D48 and BH-94DC85 Length 26.9mm, width (front of toggle to back of loop) 15.0mm, diameter (terminal ends) 12.9mm, weight 16.44g.

DENO-7F3185: PALSTAVE
Bronze Age axe; Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy palstave. This is a shield-pattern palstave dating to around the 15th or 14th centuries BC. The palstave has a raised stop ridge between the flanges and there is a shield-shape in relief extending down from the stop ridge towards the blade. The flanges are quite high, giving a roughly diamond shape to the side of the body of the palstave. Length 136.5mm, width (blade) 51.4mm, width (at the stop ridge) 29.1mm, thickness (blade) 11.1mm, thickness (side flanges) 29.8mm, weight 408.7g

DENO-7EF2B4: HARNESS FITTING
Iron Age harness fitting; Fragment of cast copper alloy terret ring inlaid with red enamel, dating to the early 1st century AD. The fragment includes one of the ‘collars’ of the terret ring (the terminals which would have enclosed the narrower bar for attaching the terret to the yoke of the chariot) and the lower section of one side of the ring itself. The ring has a flattened, subrectangular cross section which is fairly narrow at the broken end of the fragment (near the apex of the complete terret ring) but flares broadly to the trumpet collar. The surface at the trumpet end of this fragment shows an indication of the position of the bar for attaching the terret to the yoke of the chariot. This bar would have been narrow with a flattened cross section. The terret ring has 5 longitudinal, incised lines running along its outer surface and has inlaid, red enamel decoration on both the flat faces of the trumpet section. The decorative motif is of a ring and dot within a flaring arch. Length 39.3mm, width (terminal) 17.8mm, thickness (terminal) 15.3mm, width (broken end) 7.2mm, thickness (broken end) 7.4mm, weight 27.26g. Ref: compare examples illustrated in Mills, pages 26 and 27, especially artefact C36 which is an example of a terret inlaid with enamel. (see below for full reference details)

DENO-7ED404: LINCH PIN
Iron Age chariot fitting; Chariot lynch pin with cast copper alloy loop terminal and remains of iron pin bar. Also found in association with a long, copper alloy dowel which seems to fit through the lynch pin. Dated to the early 1st century AD The main piece of the lynch pin has a broad, iron shaft which is quite corroded but which seems to be roughly circular in cross section. This shaft ends at a broad, domed, copper alloy terminal which has a narrow circular hole passing right through it. The terminal ends in a loop, running parallel to the hole mentioned above. The loop is formed of a sturdy bar of copper alloy, with a circular cross section, which narrows towards the apex and flares out at both ends where it meets the rest of the lynch pin terminal. The only decoration is an incised line around both ends of the loop. The iron shaft is broken off and the terminal piece from the other end of the pin is missing. The dowel found in association with the main lynch pin is of copper alloy and has a similar patina to the terminal of the lynch pin. It has a circular cross section and has been flattened at one end, as if hammered. The other end is broken off and the dowel has been bent near the break. Main piece – length 100.5mm, width (across terminal loop) 36.4mm, thickness (terminal loop) 7.1mm, width (iron pin) 16.4mm, thickness (iron pin) 15.1mm, diameter (hole) 6.8mm, weight 99.3g. Dowel – length 99.5mm, diameter 6.3mm, weight 16.06g. For some examples of lynch pins see Mills, pages 31 & 32, artefacts C51 and C52. The illustrated lynch pins are similar to this example, although they have terminal heads of different types. (see below for full reference details)

DENO-7E3662: HARNESS MOUNT
Medieval fitting; Cast copper alloy plate from a medieval horse pendant. Square plate with circular rivet hole at each corner. The bottom left hole still contains a little, circular-headed, copper alloy rivet. Plate has a descending loop in the perpendicular plane, which contains the remains of a pin for attaching a pendant. The loop is off-centre to the left and descends at a slight angle. Plate has moulded decoration showing two facing lions rampant with a vertical branch between them. The design is within a circular dotted line. Length (top of plate to bottom of loop) 25.1mm, width 20.4mm, thickness 1.7mm, thickness (inc rivet) 6.0mm, thickness of loop (front to back) 5.8mm, weight 4.86g

DENO-7E2E48: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Small, cast copper alloy trumpet or head stud brooch. Dated to the late first or early second century. Brooch has a broad, semi-circular head with two narrow, decorative ridges around the outer edge of the semi-circle. Remains of pin hinge present. The centre of the bow broadens to a flattened, heart-shaped plate with three dots moulded into it. Pin, foot and catchplate missing. Length 29.7mm, width (head) 10.0mm, width (central boss) 9.4mm, depth (front to back) 11.5mm, weight 3.71g

DENO-7E0E36: ARROWHEAD
Prehistoric arrowhead; Large flint arrowhead. Arrowhead has a narrow tang and broad, squared barbs which extend to the same length as the tang. Tip missing. Worked from opaque white flint Length 33.5mm, width 33.2mm, thickness 5.8mm, weight 5.56g

DENO-7BE1D4: COIN
Medieval coin; Struck silver penny of Edward, Canterbury mint. Cannot be dated more closely than 1279-1344. Obv. Very battered EDWAR[…] Rev. Long cross with three pellets in each quadrant [C]IVI/TAS/CAN/[TO]R Diameter 18.9mm, thickness 0.8mm, weight 1.30g

DENO-7BCF74: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Large, cast copper alloy trumpet brooch with elaborate decoration and enamelling. Brooch has sprung pin made from single length of wire coiled 6 times around axis. Much of pin is still present, although 2 small pieces of the spring have broken away (still present). Brooch has broad trumpet head with abstract design inlaid with red and dark blue enamel. The bow has a large, rounded, central boss with 6 decorative cast knobs. The boss is bordered at top and bottom by two transverse ridges. The lower bow has a sawtooth design, inlaid with red enamel. The foot is flat and circular. The catchplate is short but broad and is still mostly present. The brooch has an overall deeply concave profile. Length (span – top of head to bottom of foot) 56.2mm, width (head at pin axis) 20.4mm, width (central boss) 14.0mm, width (foot) 10.2mm, depth (front of central boss to back of pin) 40.3mm, thickness (just below central boss) 7.1mm Weight (all three fragments) 40.90g Ref: Similar enamelled trumpet brooches can be seen in Hattatt, page 327, figure 186.

DENO-7BB068: SPEARHEAD
Bronze Age spearhead; small cast copper alloy spearhead with hafting loop on either side of the neck. Spearhead is bent and the tip has been snapped off (then reattached by the finder using glue) Length 132.86mm, width (at loops) 16.9mm, width (blade) 19.0mm, diameter (base) 11.6mm, weight 54.8g

DENO-4109E5: BROOCH
Roman brooch of Colchester-derivative Polden Hill (folded wings, Eastern Group). Large, cast copper alloy Polden Hill type brooch dating to the later 1st century AD. Wings are broad and have a slightly-flattened, cylindrical shape. They are decorated with an incised line which has a squared zig-zag line in relief running along the centre of its length. This decorative band runs around the end of both wings and then diagonally from the inner side of the end of the wing towards the middle of the outer side of the wings, near the start of the bow. The bow is a simple, deeply curved dolphin shape which tapers gracefully to a point. It has similar decorative bands to the wings and these run along the length of both sides of the bow. There is no evidence of a foot. The catchplate and pin, which was hinged, are missing. Length 56.9mm, width 43.7mm, depth 21.7mm, weight 39.56g Ref: Hattatt, page 300, figure 159

DENO-2CD242: SCABBARD
Late medieval chape, probably a sword chape, dated to the 14th or 15th centuries. Large, simple chape formed of a sheet of copper alloy, rolled round to form a conical shape. The seam is not sealed. The chape has a decorative knop at its apex but other extant decoration. It has been somewhat battered and damaged, the metal around the whole of the top of the chape is torn and folded and there are deep folds in the body of the chape. Length 67.6mm, width 35.9mm, depth 19.8mm, weight 20.54g

DENO-2C8187: HANGING BOWL
Early Medieval mount; Circular Anglo-Saxon mount from a hanging bowl. Cast copper alloy with silvery, polished surface. The mount has cast decoration of two triskele-type roundels with curved and foliate designs between. The mount is damaged on one side and some of the metal between the raised sections of design is missing, although the outer edge is complete. Diameter 26.1mm, thickness 1.7mm, weight 3.25g This object dates to the early Anglo-Saxon period. The overwhelming majority of hanging bowls were put in graves dating to the seventh century, although they may have been manufactured and used earlier than this. Ref: Mills, pg 63, objects AS139 and AS140 (the latter also shown in Benet (second edition), pg 280, object A09-0110)

DENO-2C6220: COIN
IA coin; Cast copper alloy uninscribed British potin of the ‘class I’ type (as per Hobbs “British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum”). Dated to the late 2nd century BC to mid 1st century BC (per Hobbs). Obv. Stylised head facing right, profile n (plate I, page 222 in Hobbs) plain border No inscription Rev. Stylised bull butting left with two crescents above, a pellet below and a plain border No inscription Diameter 17.4mm, thickness 1.2mm, weight 1.19g Ref: Hobbs, Richard “British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum” pg 16-17 (general discussion), pg 83 and plates 25 & 26, numbers 686-695

DENO-2C1565: STIRRUP
Early medieval mount; Cast copper alloy Viking stirrup mount with openwork decoration, dated to the late 11th century. Sub-triangular (class A) stirrup mount of Type 8, as described in Williams "Late Saxon Stirrup Strap Mounts". The mount is quite worn and the decoration somewhat debased, but is seems to have a zoomorphic apex terminal with openwork, possibly also zoomorphic, designs spreading towards the base. There are two rivet holes at the base, one of which contains the remains of an iron rivet. Length 37.1mm, width 24.5mm, thickness 4.5mm, depth 5.4mm, weight 12.36g Ref: Williams, pg 47 and 50 (description), pg 48 & 49 (illustration figs 32 & 33); especially note object 142. (see below for full reference details)

DENO-2C0235: FINGER RING
Medieval ring; Silver finger ring of probable 12th century date. Large ring formed of a thin, flat band of rounded rectangular cross-section which expands at the front into three thinner, flat, oval bezels. The bezels each show an equal-armed cross with short, stubby, flaring arms. There are remains of niello inlay around all three crosses. The band of the ring has incised lines separating each bezel from the rest of the ring and there are an extra two incised lines at the either end of the row of three bezels. The band of the ring has a rough area at the back which suggests that the ring has either been expanded or has broken and been mended at some time in the past. The patina on the silver at the interior face of two of the bezels shows cracks, which look recent. The ring is somewhat bent out of shape.

DENO-2BF6F3: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; Cast copper alloy double loop trapezoidal buckle of the 17th century. The buckle has narrow bars with a rectangular cross-section throughout. There are small decorative knops at each corner and the sides of the loops are expanded to give broader, curved ends to the buckle. Pin missing. The buckle is quite worn and some of the extremities seem to have been broken away. It has also been bent upwards. Length 33.0mm, width 21.7mm, thickness 2.6mm, weight 3.99g Ref. Whitehead, pg 82-83, esp number 522. (see below for full reference details)

DENO-2BE614: SPINDLE WHORL
Cast lead spindle whorl. Circular, domed spindle whorl with irregular circular hole through the centre. Decorated on both sides with a single line in relief forming a 4-pointed star shape. Diameter 29.7mm, thickness 10.0mm, weight 40.50g Spindle whorls are difficult to date since they were used in a very similar form for many centuries. This could therefore be from any period from Roman to early post medieval.

DENO-2B6EB1: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck bronze “Irish Gunmoney” shilling of James II, issued 1689 (month illegible). Section broken off to one side of coin. Obv. Bust of king facing left. Very worn. [IA]COBVS.II./[DEI.GRATIA.] Rev Crown with crossed sceptres. XII above crown. J and R to either side of crown. 1689-MAG.[BR.FRA.]ET.[…missing…]X XII J R These coins were issued by James II to his supporters while he was in Ireland persuing his claim to regain the throne. The idea was that when he was back in power they could be exchanged for their value in official gold and silver coins. The exchange would happen month by month in the order in which they were issued. James’ failure to regain the throne meant that this never happened. The value of the coin is shown in Roman numerals above the crown on the reverse and the month of issue is written below the crown. Diameter 23.7mm, thickness 1.4mm, weight 3.17g

DENO-2B5F43: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck bronze “Irish Gunmoney” shilling of James II, issued January 1690. Obv. Laureate bust of king facing left. IACOBVS.II./DEI.[GRATIA.] Rev Crown with crossed sceptres. XII above crown. J and R to either side of crown. Jan beneath crown 1689-MAG.BR.FRA.ET.HYB.REX XII J R Jan These coins were issued by James II to his supporters while he was in Ireland persuing his claim to regain the throne. The idea was that when he was back in power they could be exchanged for their value in official gold and silver coins. The exchange would happen month by month in the order in which they were issued. James’ failure to regain the throne meant that this never happened. The value of the coin is shown in Roman numerals above the crown on the reverse and the month of issue is written below the crown. Diameter 24.6mm, thickness 1.5mm, weight 4.40g

DENO-2B4C24: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck silver half-groat of Elizabeth I, third coinage, dated to 1601-1603. Two pellets behind bust. Tun initial mark on reverse. Obv. Bust of queen facing left with two pellets behind bust. Worn. [E D] G ROSA SINE S[PI]NA Rev. Squared shield with long cross fourchee dividing the legend Tun initial mark CIVI/TAS/LO[N/D]ON Diameter 16.9mm, thickness 0.4mm, weight 1.01g Ref: North, Vol II, page 137, number 2016 (see below for full reference details)

DENO-2B38A0: COIN
Post medieval coin; Struck silver 3d of Elizabeth I, second issue, dated 1572. Rose behind bust. Obv. Bust of queen facing left with rose behind bust. Very worn. [ELI]ZABETH D G ANG:FR:E[T HIB REGINA] Rev. Squared shield with long cross fourchee dividing legend. Date above shield. 1572 POSVI/[D]EVAD/IV[TORE]/M.ME[V] Diameter 19.2mm, thickness 0.4mm, weight 1.50g Ref: North, Vol II, number 1998

Medieval coin; silver short cross cut halfpenny. Badly worn on both sides so close identification is not currently possible. The short cross dates it to the reigns of Henry II, Richard I, John or Henry III and to the period 1180-1247. Diameter 17.8mm, thickness 0.6mm, weight 0.57g

DENO-2AEA72: COIN
Silver sceat, ‘porcupine/standard’ type Series E (Variety A), 715-735 Obv. Quilled crescent enclosing four bars No inscription Rev. Beaded standard with TOTII design TOTII Diameter 11.9mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 1.05g Ref: Abramson, pg 12 (description) and pg 117 (illustration) (see below for full reference details)

DENO-2AB415: COIN
Medieval coin; Gold quarter noble of Richard II, 1377-1399, pellet in centre of reverse, escallop over shield on obverse. Obv. Royal arms with escallop over shield RICARD DEI GRA REX ANGL with double cross stops Rev. Small cross surrounded by arches, lis and lions. Pellet in centre EXALTABITVR IN GLORIA with double cross stops and cross pattee initial mark Diameter 18.5mm, thickness 0.4mm, weight 1.63g Ref: North, vol II, pg 62, number 1319 (see below for full reference details)

DENO-44E377: TOKEN
Medieval token; Cast lead token. Circular disc of lead, blank on one face and cast with a rough cross across the other face. Diameter 20.1mm, thickness 2.3mm; Weight 4.68g These lead tokens are very problematic to date, due to the long period in which similar items were used.

DENO-06E4C0: COIN
Fragment of a silver siliqua (possibly slightly clipped) of Julian as Augustus (360-3), VOTIS V MVLTIS X, Trier or Arles.

DENO-06D1C5: MOUNT
Early Medieval mount; Anglo-Saxon mount with Style 1 beasts, dating to the 6th or early 7th century; Cast copper alloy mount with gilded openwork sections. Mount is sub-rectangular with crossing, relief-moulded lines sectioning it into triangular sections. The crossing point of these lines is off-set, giving differing sizes to the resulting sections. The largest section is undecorated but has a possible remnant of solder present, which may indicate that something else was once attached, potentially a silver appliqué, in the Bichrome Style. The small section (diagonally opposite the largest section) is thinner than the rest of the mount and has a small, circular rivet hole pierced through it. The other two sections show openwork, zoomorphic beasts. These sections have been gilt. The gilt sections are symmetrical with each other, although a small segment of the left-hand section is missing. For similar use of gilt copper alloy with silver appliqué, cf. Benet A09-0125, pg 284 Height 26.40mm, width 32.25mm, thickness 2.01mm, weight 6.11g

DENO-06C4E2: CLOTH SEAL
Post Medieval cloth seal; very thin, circular, lead seal with torn section at the top where the back half has broken away. Seal has a raised oval section with the initials "I B" and a delicate twisted knot design between and around the letters. The reverse has some letters scratched rather crudely into its surface. The inscription is not clear, but may read 'et 9' above a horizontal line to the right of the seal. The style of lettering and design would seem to date this to the late 16th or 17th century. Diameter 21.36mm, thickness 2.96mm, weight 4.32g

DENO-068843: KEY (LOCKING)
Roman key fragment; small, simple cast copper alloy key with tines missing. The fragment consists of a ring with a circular shaft extending from the side of it. The end of the shaft is indented, giving an indication that it was at least partly hollow. One side of the shaft is flattened where the key tines have broken away from the rest of the object. Cf RB243 in Mills, page 82 & various keys in Benet’s, esp R17-0109, pg 214 and R17-0110, pg 215 Diameter of ring 21.07mm, overall length 35.05mm, width of shaft 5.02mm, thickness (shaft) 4.95mm, thickness (ring) 2.27mm, weight 4.8g

DENO-067054: BRACELET
Roman bracelet; terminal fragment of a Roman, cast copper alloy, snake-headed bracelet. Probably 2nd century. Bracelet is formed from a strip of copper alloy which is flat on the interior surface and slightly convex on the exterior surface, giving a flattened D-shaped cross section. The band is of uniform width for the main part of the bracelet and widens to form a rounded snake’s head at the terminal. No extant decoration. This fragment comprises one terminal head with the beginnings of the bracelet band and is broken off about 70mm from the end. The fragment has been bent back on itself (not a recent bend) and the metal is pitted and damaged at the point of the bend. Nice, even patina over the outer surface of the band beyond the bend, the terminal head section has some verdigris-style copper corrosion. Cf Mills, RB342, page 108 Length (as bent) 29.77, approximate length if straightened 70mm, width 10.45mm, thickness (terminal) 3.11mm, thickness (body) 1.90mm, weight 6.30g

DENO-064325: BRACELET
An incomplete cast copper alloy penannular bracelet of Roman date. The bracelet is formed of a band of copper alloy with a circular cross-section. The band tapers towards the terminal end, which is rounded and has two simple, transverse lines incised around it. At the other end of the fragment there is a break. Roughly half or slightly more of the bracelet survives. This is an example of Cool's Type VI, pennanular bracelets with grooved terminals (Cool 1983, 140). Dated examples cluster in the 1st and early 2nd century but this type may have also been made in the later Roman period, as on the continent. Dimensions: length 62.74mm, width 31.67mm, diameter of shaft (maximum) 6.03mm, diameter of shaft (minimum - at terminal) 4.25mm, weight 16.52g

DENO-0619F7: BALANCE
Early Medieval or medieval balance arm section; cast copper alloy arm from a folding balance arm set. The loop at the terminal end of the arm has broken away. The fragment consists of a shaft with a flattened end which is squared off at an angle. This flattened section has a small, circular rivet through it, where it would have been hinged into the central section of the balance arm (the section which would have had the pointer). The main shaft is circular in section with a squared and facetted area close to the hinged end. This area has punched ring and dot decoration on one face (in the same plane as the hinge) and possible indications of similar decoration on the opposite face. The shaft then continues with a circular cross-section again, tapering towards the terminal end. The terminal has another squared and facetted area with a double band collar. The terminal area also has punched ring and dot decoration on at least two of the four main faces. The beginning of the end loop of the balance arm can be seen, although the loop itself is broken away. The arm is slightly bent. Folding balances of the type to which this arm belongs are known from the late Anglo-Saxon period and are quite common from the medieval period. The dating of this artefact is therefore somewhat problematic, although the facetted collars with ring and dot decoration are very reminiscent of a common type of Anglo-Saxon pinhead. Cf. Macgregor and Bolick number 53.2, page 257 for an example of an Anglo-Saxon folding balance. Cf. Benet Viking example V18-0101, pg 331. Also note medieval balance arms M18-0301 and M18-0302, pg 518 Also Mills NM214, pg 77 Cf. NLM-EBE944 medieval balance arm with similar ring & dot decoration near the terminal end. Dated to 1250-1400, based on an example in Biddle “Objects and Economy in Medieval Winchester”. Length 69.15mm, width (end) 6.63mm, thickness 4.68mm, diameter (shaft) 3.98mm, weight 9.51g

DENO-0604D2: BROOCH
Early Medieval mount; Anglo-Saxon, cast copper alloy mount in the shape of a bird, possibly a cockerel. Flat mount with incised decoration on one face showing a bird, facing left, with hooked beak, small crest on the head, pointed wing extending up and backwards and thick curved tail. The feet are openwork but the area inside the beak has not been pierced. There is an incised oval for the eye and an indication of some patterning on the wing, although this is indistinct. This object can be compared with a series of bird brooches of late Anglo-Saxon date, which have feet standing on a 'perch'. Other bird brooches of the same or related types which can be found on the PAS database include NMS-E7F720 (this entry has further refs), SF-AD5FA7, SF-7B3CA5, SF-BCC403, SUSS-44F203 and KENT-9F6987. Also see Benet A09-0204, p. 289, for stylistic similarities (infill behind curled beak, shape of wing etc.) Height 26.70mm, width 41.52mm, thickness 3.56mm, weight 9.88g. Jane Kershaw has confirmed this as a Scandinavian type bird brooch which is probably unfinished.

DENO-05E441: BROOCH
Roman brooch fragment; foot of cast copper alloy (probable) fantail brooch with relief moulding and indication of a loop at the bow. Probably 2nd century, due to its size and elaborate decoration. Plate is triangular in shape with relief moulded foliate (or possibly serpent?) design, although this is unclear due to corrosion and wear on the metal. The fragment is broken off at the point of the bow of the brooch but, unusually, there is the indication of the beginnings of a small loop at that point. A squared section of the bottom of the catchplate is present on the back of the fragment. Length 33.65mm, width 26.76mm, thickness (with catchplate) 13.13mm, thickness (plate) 3.67mm, weight 16.38g

DENO-05C462: BROOCH
Roman brooch; cast copper alloy bow brooch of the ‘double dolphin’ or ‘wishbone’ type. Pin, which would have been hinged, missing. Simple, small, cylindrical wings with two bows tapering and coming together towards the foot. No extant decoration on wings or bows. Foot is simple, undecorated, small knob. Base of catchplate present but rest missing. Surface pitted and with blackish patina over all. Dated to the 1st century. Cf Benet, R07-0101, pg 110; R07-0111, pg 112 Also Mills, RB99, pg 47 (This is a triple bow brooch. The explanation indicates that similar double bow brooches have been found in Norfolk. It suggests that they are Icenian and date to the late 1st century) Length 34.14mm, width (wings) 23.9mm, width (bow) 14.85mm, thickness (bow) 5.53mm, thickness (foot with catchplate) 6.12mm, weight 8.51g

DENO-04FB64: CORE
Prehistoric flint core; Long core of opaque, white, cream and yellow flint. Quite abraded but showing evidence for flakes having been struck off on at least 2 sides. Of possible Palaeolithic date. Weight 107.9g, Length 73.57mm, Width 33.95mm, Thickness 34.48mm

DENO-042D30: BEAD
Amber bead; Small, circular, 'doughnut-shaped' bead of bright orange amber. Surface mostly pitted and matt. Chipped in one area, showing the bright, glassy texture of the amber. Weight 0.91g, Diameter 13.11mm, Thickness 9.36mm (6.88mm min) Unknown date - amber beads are very difficult to date. They are reasonably commonly known from Bronze Age, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and Medieval contexts.

DENO-B60B94: WEIGHT
Medieval weight; Cast lead weight of bell shape: The weight is essentially a circular cone, although it flares out towards the bottom and is flattened at the top. It has a curved suspension loop at the top, formed from a strap of lead, and is pierced in the centre of the base. The weight looks to have been reshaped after casting, although this is difficult to determine as it is also somewhat pitted and gouged across its surface. The lead has a white patina, of varying thickness. Height 41.3mm, width (“diameter”) 33.4mm, weight 185.3g Lead weights are difficult to date due their long usage. However, cf. the group of standing weights on page 41 in Biggs’ “English Weights” which he dates to the 12th or 13th century, thus suggesting a medieval date for this weight. Cf. also Biggs and Withers’ “Lead Weights; The David Rogers Collection”, items number 69, page 31 (a conical weight) and 74, page 32 (an octagonal pyramid weight with similar loop at the top).

DENO-B5EE15: BUCKLE
Post medieval buckle; Moulded, copper alloy, double loop spur buckle of sub-rectangular or trapezoidal shape. The buckle has a basically rectangular frame with longer, concave sides and shorter, straight ends. The frame is flat and broad and is decorated with moulded scrollwork with some openwork elements. The pin bar is very narrow and is circular in cross-section. The pin is missing. Length 40.2mm, width 30.0mm, thickness 2.8mm, weight 9.12g The shape and form date this buckle to the 17th century while the openwork decoration indicate that it is probably from the later end of that century. Compare the illustrated examples in Whitehead “Buckles; 1250-1800”: page 10, figure 14 and pages 75 and 79.

DENO-C47B86: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; Dated c.1350-1450; Small, rounded copper alloy buckle. Outer edge is rounded and has a small knop or lip at the apex, where the pin would have rested. Pin bar is narrow and flattened. Pin is missing; Length (back of pin bar to front of outer edge) 14.3mm, width 13.2mm, thickness 2.7mm, weight 0.79g. Ref: Whitehouse, page 20, buckle 72

DENO-C459B6: BUCKLE
Medieval buckle; Dated c.1250-1500; Copper alloy D-shaped buckle with pin. Outer edge is rounded and has three incised lines at the point where the pin hits it. Pin bar is narrow and flattened. Pin is broad and tapered with an incised line running down its length. Pin is attached by being bent round the pin bar. It is very loose; Length (back of pin bar to front of outer edge) 14.3mm, width 16.2mm, thickness 2.3mm, weight 1.83g. Ref: Whitehouse, pages 18 & 19, buckles 40, 52-54 & 56

DENO-C3F057: COIN
Roman coin; Struck copper alloy nummus of the House of Constantine. Town gate reverse, AD324-330. Broken and worn; Diameter 18.3mm, thickness 1.4mm, weight 1.20g.

DENO-C2FE33: VESSEL
Post-medieval pewter dish; Dating uncertain but estimated at 16th or 17th century; Small, circular dish or plate with narrow, rolled rim around edge. Dish has a broad, flat border and shallow bowl. No official mark but the centre of the exterior base has a multi-stranded cross scratched into the surface, probably by hand. No other marks or decoration. Dish is damaged with scrapes across the interior surface and 3 areas where the metal has split. There is also a small section torn away and missing from the edge of the dish; Diameter 132.65mm, depth 19.86mm, weight

DENO-C2BB20: POWDER MEASURE
Post-medieval lead powder flask cap; 17th century; Cast lead cap with flat, oval top and simple flat sides. Knob at one side of top where loop broken away. Loop on opposite side is completely missing as it is at an area of damage where the lead has cracked and split. Casting seams down both sides of cap; Length 24.8mm, width 22.4mm, depth 18.7mm, weight 15.42g.

DENO-C258E6: STRAP END
Medieval strapend; 12th or 13th century cast copper alloy strapend with zoomorphic terminal. Narrow, triangular front plate with no extant decoration. Back plate is now only fragmentary. Single, small rivet stands proud of the back plate in the middle near the wide end of the triangle and there is a circular indentation in the middle near the narrower end, indicating another similar rivet. The terminal knop is long, narrow and shaped as an animal head. There are simple incised marks at the sides, top and end indicating eyes, mouth etc. There is a possible indication of some preserved leather between the plates; Length 29.3mm, width (widest end of plate) 9.4mm, width (animal head terminal) 3.6mm, thickness (inc rivet) 3.9mm, thickness (without rivet) 2.7mm, weight 2.43g.

DENO-C0DD87: VESSEL
Roman pottery fragment; Rim sherd of mortarium bowl with stamp. Unglazed white pottery. Sherd is the complete width of the rim but with none of the body of the bowl remaining. Rim has an incised line around the interior edge forming a narrow band at the junction of rim and body. The stamp is a broad strip running across the rim from front to back. The design appears to be abstract incorporating a curved shape at the interior end and triangles and slashes heading towards the exterior end. It does not appear to contain a legend; Length (span) 114.57mm, width (front to back) 39.12mm, depth 16.87mm, weight 84.09g.