2024-03-29T00:28:36+00:00https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/jsonhttps://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/xmlhttps://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/rsshttps://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/atomhttps://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/kmlhttps://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/geojsonhttps://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/format/qrcodehttps://finds.org.uk/database/search/results149120finds-11399941139994NMGW-615AC8PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEGold penannular ring
Dimensions: external diameter (front to back) 10.1mm, external diameter (side to side) 10.7mm, internal diameter (front to back) approx. 6.0mm; internal diameter (side to side) approx. 6.5mm, diameter of body (internal to external) approx. 2.0mm; diameter of body (upper to lower face) 2.5mm, distance between terminals 0.3-0.5mm, weight (before conservation cleaning) 0.27g.
This is a complete and very small penannular ring of gold with incised linear decoration around its sides and external diameter surface. Judging from surface dents and a localised small tear near one terminal on the external surface and sides, and the light weight of the ring, a sheet construction with hollow or non-metal core may be suggested. The ring is near circular, though slightly wider from side-to-side than from front-to-back, with near touching terminals. The terminals have slightly convex or domed gold end-faces. The body is oval-sectioned, widest between upper and lower surfaces relative to internal and external surfaces. There are no visible seams running along any of the surfaces of the ring.
The decoration comprises three parallel zones made up of repeating short, incised line decoration running completely around the sides and external surfaces of the ring body. Each zone of lines is angled on a diagonal to create a double chevron or herringbone pattern. Seen from one face, the V direction of the chevron goes in one direction, while that on the opposing face goes in the opposite direction. The interior surface of the ring is plain.
The slight damage and denting to one terminal end of the ring may have happened in antiquity, since soil survives adhering to the dented surfaces and there is no evidence of newly exposed break edge surfaces.
Burnt ‘toothed’ organic artefact
Current Dimensions:
Large fragment: max. length 42mm, width 23mm, thickness of individual ‘teeth’ approx. 4mm, not weighed, as very fragile.
Small fragments (10): all less than 12mm long, thickness of individual ‘teeth’ approx. 4mm, not weighed, as very fragile
This is a fragmentary, burnt wooden artefact, with eight narrow and parallel ‘teeth’ surviving and visible during excavation (photo, above). Each ‘tooth’ strand is approximately 2mm wide and approximately 4mm deep and separated by soil-filled gaps, each 1mm wide. The maximum surviving length of one of the teeth is approximately 38mm long. Any evidence of any possible handle component, into which the teeth may once have combined and belonged, has not survived, leaving just the partial burnt ‘teeth’ component of a possible larger original. The wooden artefact has been completely burnt black and carbonised within a reducing environment, resulting in its long-term preservation in the ground. 4.0 Recommendation (AG)
It is my opinion that the penannular ring is a prehistoric gold artefact whose composition has been tested and found to be well over 10% precious metal, therefore does constitute treasure. The burnt wooden ‘toothed’ artefact fragment was found in direct association with the ring, therefore as an associated artefact, is also recommended as treasure (see Section CI, paragraphs 6 & 8 and Section CII, paragraph 14 of the Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (2nd Revision) (DCMS 2008,10-12).
The associated human cremation, as a non-artefact deposit, is deemed an unworked natural object and is recommended as not qualifying as treasure (see Section CII, paragraph 13 of the Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (2nd Revision) (DCMS 2008, 11).
Essential References
DCMS, 2008. The Treasure Act 1996; Code of Practice (2nd Revision); England & Wales, London:
Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport.
Dunne, C.M. 2003. The Hair-Ring, In I. Suddaby, 2003, 78-9.
Gwilt, A. & Davis, M. 2020a. Gold Penannular Ring, In (J. Kenny et al) Parc Cybi, Holyhead; Final
Report on Excavations; Volume 1: Text and Plates, Bangor: Gwynedd Archaeological Trust,
285-6.
Gwilt, A. & Davis, M. 2020b. Part X Gold Penannular Ring, In (C. Batt et al) Parc Cybi, Holyhead;
Final Report and Excavations; Volume 3: Specialist Reports, Bangor: Gwynedd Archaeological Trust, 349-57.
Gwilt, A., Kucharski, K., Silvester, R. & Davis, M. 2005. A Late Bronze Age Hoard from Trevalyn
Farm, Rossett, Wrexham; With Some Observations on Hoarding Practice and Gold Bracelet Weights, Studia Celtica XXIX, 27-1.
Hussey, M.S. 1964-66. Final Excavations of the Lesser Garth Cave, Pentyrch, Transactions of the
Cardiff Naturalists’ Society 93, 18-39.
Kenney, J. 2021. A Welsh Landscape Through Time; Excavations at Parc Cybi, Holy Island,
Anglesey, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Raftery, B. 2004. Pit 119: Rathgall, Co. Wicklow, In H. Roche, E. Grogan, J. Bradley, J. Coles & B.
Raftery (eds.), From Megaliths to Metal; Essays in Honour of George Eogan, Oxford:
Oxbow Books, 83-90.
Suddaby, I. 2003. The Excavation of Two Late Bronze Age Roundhouses at Ballyprior Beg, Island
Magee, County Antrim, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 62, 45-91. 13132212017TW1313NMGW2017-07-28T00:00:00ZNational Museum Wales2023-11-28T16:30:36Z2024-02-21T10:28:58Z0.27PAS656615AC00186912354172741424255021905125502the Vale of Glamorganthe Vale of GlamorganRestricted AccessSt. Nicholas and Bonvilston CommunityRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy8NMGW-616C05Gold10892Incised or engraved or chasedCompleteGoodBRONZE AGEx13712MiddleMiddleBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Controlled archaeological investigationAcquired by museum after being declared Treasure1139994_65661a05a0467.jpg1251464images/estherljones/WalesCertain12024-02-21T10:28:58.974Zfinds-11268701126870SUR-8A035FPENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA gold penannular ring of late Bronze Age date. The ring is 17.5mm in diameter and has a circular cross section of 6mm diameter, with a gap of 2mm between the flat ends. The ring appears to be solid gold rather than plated as there are no evident cracks or fracturing in the surface which would be expected from corrosion of a copper alloy core. No decorative banding is evident.These gold penannular rings are characteristic finds of the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC). They have variously been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Eogan 1994; 1997; Green 1988), but their function remains uncertain. It is perhaps most likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange. The uncertainties around their use are complicated by the fact that very few are recorded from secure archaeological contexts.
They have previously been given a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800 cal BC based on burials in Belgium, northeast France and the Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations (e.g. Eogan 1997). They may well have a longer chronology within the Middle and Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC); however thus far this has been difficult to confirm as few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological context or radiocarbon dating (Meeks et al. 2008, 13). 131323-1150-80012023T7833SUR2023-08-24T00:00:00Z2023-08-25T13:36:05Z2023-11-19T08:29:46Z8.49PAS64E8A035001FB817.5616.11231041141421177651752117653HampshireBasingstoke and DeaneBradleySU644351.18265717-1.08572338bands.shops.handy10SUR-8A069AGold10892CastCompleteBRONZE AGEx13712MiddleLateBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorReturned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure1126870_6501b4b0537f0.jpg1241582images/smaslin/South EastCertain12023-11-19T08:29:46.281Zfinds-11253681125368GLO-E2B412PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA complete Middle Bronze Age gold tripartite penannular ring dating to circa 1300-1150 BC. It is C-shaped in plan comprised of three circular-sectioned penannular rings soldered together. Each terminates in a straight and even break.
Discussion: The form is consistent with other examples processed through the Treasure Act including 2021 T762 (Gard 2021) and 2012 T165 (Smith 2012) each of which is dated to the Middle Bronze Age. In those records, it is noted that gold tripartite penannular rings often lack secure archaeological contexts (Meeks, Craddock and Needham 2008: 13) while the appearance associated with the onset of the Bronze Age ‘ornament horizon’ dating to circa 1400-1100 BC, congruent with the Taunton to Penard metalwork phases of the Bronze Age (Roberts 2007: 7).
Conclusion: The object contains a minimum of 10% of precious metal. The object contains a minimum of 10% of precious metal and is over 300 years old. As a result, in terms of both age and precious metal content, it satisfies the criteria for Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996.
References:
Gard, M. 2021. ‘LEIC-88F086’. Available at https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1037959.
Meeks, Nigel D., Craddock, Paul T., & Needham, Stuart P., 2008. ‘Bronze Age Penannular Gold Rings from the British Isles: Technology and Composition’. Jewellery Studies 11: 13-3.multiple strand1313-1300-115012023T9624GLO2023-05-18T00:00:00Z2023-08-17T15:14:25Z2024-03-21T08:51:16Z4.97PAS64DE2B4100128214615123234141427206162030920224GloucestershireCotswoldMoreton-in-MarshSP223151.97703405-1.68111892bands.shops.handy10GLO-E2B8EDGold10892CompleteBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasureGLO-E2B412_65b1337f7f2a1.jpg1259177images/kadams/South WestCertain12024-03-21T08:51:16.96Zfinds-11147401114740SF-70ECF8PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA complete Middle Bronze Age gold tripartite penannular ring dating to circa 1300-1150 BC. It is C-shaped in plan comprised of three circular-sectioned penannular rings soldered together. The terminals are of an inconsistent width, creating an oblique aperture.
Diameter: 14.2mm; Width: 6.4mm; Thickness: 1.3mm; Weight: 3.38g.
Discussion: The form is consistent with other examples processed through the Treasure Act including 2021 T762 (Gard 2021) and 2012 T165 (Smith 2012) each of which is dated to the Middle Bronze Age.
Meeks et. al. (2008, 13) note that “although small, penannular rings are amongst the most common items of gold to survive from the British Bronze Age, they remain one of the most problematic classes of prehistoric artefacts as they generally lack good contexts or associations with other classes of metalwork, making them difficult to date accurately”. These penannular rings also take several forms with those that are thicker than this example (such as OXON-FFD016, 2020 T77) given a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800 cal BC based on burials in Belgium, northeast France and the Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations (e.g. Eogan 1997).
However, this multibed form made of relatively narrow cords has parallels found in at least three Middle Bronze Age contexts. The first, the Burton Hoard (PAS-5B1745 – Welsh Treasure case 04:02), includes a composite gold penannular ring formed from three round-sectioned wires which have been fused together, with simple clipped or cut terminals. The Cirencester Hoard (BM-28B710 – 2004 T416) includes two double penannular rings and a fragment of a third. Finally, the Granta Fen hoard (British Museum Accession No. 1884,0520) includes several multistranded penannular rings looped around a gold bracelet which was found with an incomplete rapier. Each of these hoards have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age (c1300-1150 BC) based on the range of chronologically diagnostic artefacts within them which would suggest this form may be dated to this period although a Late Bronze Age date should not be excluded.
The appearance of these is then associated with the onset of the Bronze Age ‘ornament horizon’ dating to circa 1400-1100 BC, congruent with the Taunton to Penard metalwork phases of the Bronze Age (Roberts 2007: 7).multiple strand131322-1300-115012023T5484SF2023-05-24T00:00:00Z2023-05-31T10:09:35Z2024-03-21T08:52:42Z3.38PAS64770ECF00190514.21.36.41232341159341550415674SuffolkMid SuffolkRestricted AccessNear BedfieldRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy6SF-70F083Gold10892CompleteBRONZE AGEx13712MiddleMiddleBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as Treasure2023_T548_SF70ECF8copy.jpg1236588images/pjh41/Certain12024-03-21T08:52:42.46Zfinds-11143801114380OXON-07B8EDPENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEDescription: A complete gold penannular ring dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (c. 1300 -800 cal BC). The ring is made of gold bar that has a sub-oval cross-section with slightly flattened inner and outer faces. This bar has been bent into an approximately circular loop with a small gap (2.3mm) between two terminals.
The ring is a gold colour with scratches of variable length width and depth across its outer surface.
Dimensions: The ring has a maximum diameter of 17.1mm, is 5.6mm wide, 5.8mm thick and weighs 7.49 grams.
Discussion: Similarly proportioned, evenly coloured penannular rings are also recorded at BH-B85122 (2021T906), SUSS-42C974 (2021T174), two from IOW-9F0C84 (2020T2) etc. These penannular ring belong to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980, Eogan 1994, 1997, Varndell 2001, Hobbs 2003, Meeks et al 2008 and O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange (see discussion in Armbruster 2021: 191-196).
They are given a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800 cal BC based on burials in Belgium, northeast France and the Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations (e.g:. Eogan 1997). However, few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation or radiocarbon dating (Meeks et al. 2008, 13). Gwilt (2015) suggests (citing Raftery 2004, 87-8) that, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier development and longer period of manufacture and circulation has been growing such that these items may be placed within the Middle and Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC)
A recent scientific analysis of penannular rings categorised the rings into four broad types based on their components and decoration (Meeks et al. 2008). This particular example comes under their ‘Type 1 solid gold alloy rings’.
Conclusion: The ring appears to consist of more than 10% precious metal and at the time of finding was more than 300 years old, it thus qualifies as Treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act 1996.1313-1300-70012023T4903OXON2023-05-21T00:00:00Z2023-05-21T00:00:00Z2023-05-26T10:27:42Z2023-11-14T09:24:29Z7.49PAS64707B8E001DA417.15.85.61232341141421832882868253OxfordshireSouth OxfordshireRestricted AccessBix and Assendon CPRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy10OXON-07BB44Gold10892CastCompleteBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasureOXON07B8ED.jpg1235394images/edwardcaswelloxon/South EastCertain12023-11-14T09:24:29.244Zfinds-11094591109459BERK-6E0A6DPENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA Middle to Late Bronze Age gold penannular ring dating to c. 1300 - 750BC.
A complete gold bi-partite penannular ring comprising of two bands of gold stacked one on top of the other, and apparently soldered together. Each band is sub-circular (oval) in cross-section and the ring is sub-circular (oval) when viewed in plan. The terminals are flat and nearly meet at the centre. There is no decoration on the ring.
Thickness: 6.1 mm, Weight: 7.4 g, Diameter: 14.8 mm.
Penannular rings are a relatively common class of artefact reported through the Treasure Act with many known examples including NMGW-04216C. The report for which states: "The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Eogan 1994; 1997). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange.
Relatively few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation, or radiocarbon dating, however, burials in Belgium, northeast France, and The Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations, have suggested a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800BC (e.g. Eogan 1997). However, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier development and a longer period of manufacture and circulation has been growing. Therefore, on comparative stylistic grounds, the penannular ring may be dated to the Middle or Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC).
Many penannular rings of his type are composite with copper alloy cores but there is no evidence visually that this is the case with this example. Further examples of two gold or gold-plated penannular rings, stacked one on top of the other, can be found on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: DENO-A13440, IOW-1F5D46 and HAMP-471843.
Eogan, G., 1997. ‘Hair-rings’ and European Late Bronze Age society. Antiquity, 71(272), pp.308-320.
Eogan, G., 1994. The Accomplished Art: Gold and gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300-650 BC) (Vol. 42). Oxbow Books Limited.multiple strand131323-1300-75012023T4044BERK2023-04-23T00:00:00Z2023-04-24T21:03:50Z2024-03-21T08:54:26Z7.4PAS6446E0A6001D6314.86.112323421414213889941638899West BerkshireWest BerkshireRestricted AccessChieveley CPRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy10BERK-6E0E60Gold10892CompleteGoodBRONZE AGEx13712MiddleLateBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasureBERK6E0A6D.jpg1224687images/pipsmither/South EastCertain12024-03-21T08:54:26.942Zfinds-11049911104991YORYM-2A8B0BPENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGETREASURE CASE : 2023 T312
A complete gold plated pennannular ring dating to the Bronze Age, c. 1000-800 BC.
Description:
A complete penannular ring, circular in cross section, with corrosion between the terminals. The corrosion likely indicates that it was made by covering a circular copper-alloy bar with gold sheet and hammering it flat, giving it the appearance of being made from solid gold. The ring was decorated with silver or silver rich gold wire, which covers the ring in a continuous spiral that provides a striped effect. Overall, it is in fairly good condition, but there are a couple of scratches, nicks and dents in the surface, as well as some damage around the terminals.
Dimensions:
Outer diameter: 19.14mm; Inner diameter: 5.93mm; Thickness: 7.06mm; Weight: 11.43g.
Discussion:
A number of penannular rings of similar size and decoration have been recorded as treasure on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database; 2020T565 (BUC-AD669C), 2019T1091 (HAMP-BE4072), 2015T809 (DOR-0A6139) and 2003T290 (SUR-8E1010). Six Bronze Age gold penannular rings were illustrated in the Treasure Annual Report 2003 (p. 196-197). See also: https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/objecttype/PENANNULAR%20RING/broadperiod/BRONZE%20AGE/material/23/) for a full list.
It is not clear how these rings were used. In the past they were called ‘hair-rings’ because they were thought to have been worn in the hair and they have been called ‘ring-money’ as they were thought to have been used as a proto-monetary exchange object and used in trade (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain although use as hair decoration has been ruled out, the possibility remains that they were worn on the body and used as personal adornment (see discussion in Armbruster 2021: 191-196).
Eogan’s (2004) distribution shows that Bronze Age penannular rings are found in both Britain and Ireland and a small number have been found in northwest continental Europe. Finds recorded on the PAS database for England and Wales reflect a general bias towards southern Britain, with fewer recorded in Wales and northern England.
A recent scientific analysis of penannular rings categorised the rings into four broad types based on their components and decoration (Meeks et al. 2008). This particular example comes under their ‘Type 3d gold foil plated copper alloy ring, with silvery gold wire inlay’ and analysis of a similar one in the British Museum collections suggests that the technical skill involved in creating the fine silver-rich gold striped effect on the surface was highly complex.
These penannular rings, especially the gold sheet examples with stripes, are generally considered to date to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.1000–800BC; Needham 2007, 33).
Conclusion:
In terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.
References:
Armbruster, B.R. 2021. Les ors de l’Europe atlantique à l’âge du bronze: technologie et ateliers. Mémoire LIV. Chauvigny, Association des publications chauvinoises.
Eogan, G. 1994, The Accomplished Art: Gold and Gold-Working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age, Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Eogan, G. 1994. The accomplished art: gold and gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300-650 BC). Oxford, Oxbow.
Eogan, G. 1997. ‘Hair-rings’ and European Late Bronze Age society. Antiquity, 71(272), 308-320.
Green, H. S., 1988. A find of Bronze Age" ring-money" from Graianog, Llanllyfni, Gwynedd. The bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 35, 87-91.
Hobbs, R. 2003. Treasure: finding our past. London: The British Museum Press.
Meeks, N., Craddock, P. & Needham, S. 2008. Bronze Age penannular gold rings from the British Isles: technology and composition. Jewellery Studies 11, 13-30.
Needham, S.P. 2007. Cirencester area, Gloucestershire: Bronze Age gold and base-metal scatter (2004 T416). Treasure Annual Report 2004, 26-33, figs. 17.1-6.
Meeks, N.D., Craddock, P.T., and S.P. Needham. 2008. ‘Bronze Age penannular gold rings from the British Isles: technology and composition’, Jewellery Studies 11, 13–30.
O'Connor, B., Cowie, T. & Worrell, S. 2008. Ring money: dernières nouvelles d’outre- manche. Bulletin de l’Association pour la promotion des recherches sur l’âge du bronze 5, 12-13.
Raftery, B. 2004. Pit 119: Rathgall, Co. Wicklow. In: Roche, H., Bradley, J., Coles, J., Raftery, B. (eds) 2004. From Megaliths to Metal. Essays in Honour of George Eogan. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 83-91.
Taylor, J.J. 1980. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Varndell, G. 2001. Ringing the Changes: when terminology matters. Antiquity 75, 515-516.1313-1000-80012023T3123YORYM2023-03-26T00:00:00ZYMT : E071782023-03-28T09:43:28Z2023-12-01T14:20:18Z11.43PAS6422A8B0001B4E19.147.06123710414143025635424825635East Riding of YorkshireEast Riding of YorkshireNaffertonTA016054.02611924-0.45969458bands.shops.handy10YORYM-2A8D0DGold10892Copper alloy10627CompleteBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorReturned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure2023T312.jpg1230219images/adamrivettpas/Yorkshire and the HumberCertain12023-12-01T14:20:18.195Zfinds-10976311097631CAM-23BCABPENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA complete gold (probably gold-plated) Late Bronze Age penannular ring, dating to the period 1150-750 BC.
This ring weighs 10.50g. The ring has an external diameter of 18.3mm x 17.8mm and thickness of 7.5mm. The gap between the two terminals is 2.4mm and the central area has a diameter of 5.1mm x c.5.9mm. The metal which forms the loop has an oval cross-section. The width of the cross-section is the thickness of the ring and the cross-section's height is 7.2mm.
The length of metal that forms the penannular ring is striped with yellow gold and silvery gold alloy wire circumferentially inlaid. These stripes are not a continuous spiral line but each is an individual loop around the circumference of the band that forms the penannular shape. The terminal ends have a rough texture while all other surfaces of the artefact are smooth.
Compare with PAS records: CAM-35E50D - 2018T689, CAM-5B1D08 - 2014T133, PAS-011055 - 2016T920 (which discusses the possible use of these artefacts), etc.
Possibly this penannular ring has a base metal core and is plated around its circumference, possibly/probably with plating over each terminal, the core metal corroding out, particularly at the transverse terminals.
Consequently, in terms of age and precious metal content, the object qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.1313-1150-75012023T1774CAM2023-02-01T00:00:00Z2023-02-01T00:00:00ZCoroner's ref.00010-2023.2023-02-07T11:53:46Z2023-12-12T19:11:18Z10.5PAS63E23BCA001BE018.37.517.8123234141425138614001470CambridgeshireHuntingdonshireRestricted AccessHuntingdon District AreaRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy10CAM-23D096Gold10892CompleteBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasureCAM23BCAB.jpg1230259images/hfowler/EasternCertain12023-12-12T19:11:18.075Zfinds-10875911087591NMS-775561PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEDescription: Penannular circular ring of late Bronze Age date, apparently made of gold throughout. The ring is almost circular in cross-section, with a flat facet around the interior. The ends are cleanly made across the thickness, forming a straight narrow gap 1.8mm wide at most. The ends are neat and flat, but cracked slightly implying that the gold may be a thick plating over a core of different material. The ring flares slightly in thickness, from 4.2mm wide and 4.8mm thick at the ends to 4.6mm wide and 5.1mm thick in the centre. The gold is an even colour all over the surface including the ends.
Dimensions: With the gap in the ring held uppermost, the length from the gap in the ring to the other side is 14.5mm. Perpendicular to this, the width is 15.4mm. The maximum thickness is 5.1mm; the central hole is 6.2mm in diameter. It weighs 5.39g.
Discussion and Date: Similarly proportioned, evenly coloured penannular rings are also recorded at BH-B85122 (2021T906), SUSS-42C974 (2021T174), two from IOW-9F0C84 (2020T2) etc. Although they have in the past been called 'hair-rings' or 'ring-money', their function remains uncertain (see for example discussion in Armbruster 2021: 191-196).
There are now around 150 recorded on the PAS database, with a distribution focused on central southern England. They have until recently been given a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800 cal BC, based firstly on burials in Belgium, northeast France and the Netherlands and secondly on Scottish and Irish hoard associations (e.g. Eogan 1997). However, few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation or radiocarbon dating (Meeks et al. 2008, 13).
Gwilt suggests, in discussion of an example recorded at NMGW-04216C (citing Raftery in Roche et al 2004, 87-8) that, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier development and longer period of manufacture and circulation has been growing, to the extent that these items may now be placed within a wider date-range encompassing the Middle and Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC).As the object is made of more than 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old, it constitutes potential Treasure under the Treasure Act 1996.
ENF152742131323-1300-80012022T11763NMS2022-09-18T00:00:00Z2022-09-18T00:00:00Z30972ENMD1020222022-11-18T12:06:46Z2023-03-23T15:14:15Z5.39PAS637775560010975.115.414.51232341414257238253956553NorfolkBroadlandRestricted AccessNorth NorfolkRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy10NMS-775797Gold10892CompleteBRONZE AGEx13712MiddleLateBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasurePFd_30972_775561_ENMD102022_BA_PenannularRing.jpg1206470images/awilliamsnorfolk/EasternCertain12023-03-23T15:14:15.975Zfinds-10831271083127SUSS-E64547PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA complete, gold penannular ring dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC).
Description: The ring is formed from a gold rod with a broadly sub-oval cross-section which forms a circular penannular loop with a small gap between two terminals measuring 2.19mm. The upper surfaces at each terminal end are slightly flattened creating a D-shaped cross section. The object is plain and covered with pitting, dents and scratches on all surfaces. This is a very robust example.
Measurements: length: 18.83mm; width: 17.51mm; thickness: 6.82mm and weight: 10.83g.
Discussion: There are many examples of these objects recorded on the database and passing through the treasure process including: SUSS-95F65C (2021T821); LANCUM-C2543F (2017T810); ESS-EDCA69 (2019T1068) and OXON-FFD016 (2020T77) which notes: this penannular ring appears similar to a class of artefact which have in the past been given various terms such as 'hair-rings' (Eogan 1997) and other monikers such as ‘Ring Money’ (Green 1988) which are now no longer supported (Taylor 1980, 65; Varndell 2001). Their function remains uncertain (Varndell 2001, 516), although it is likely that they were personal adornments (Hobbs 2003 opinion cited, 102-107), possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange'.
They are given a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800 cal BC based on burials in Belgium, northeast France and the Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations (e.g. Eogan 1997). However, few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation or radiocarbon dating (Meeks et al. 2008, 13). Gwilt (2015) suggests (citing Raftery 2004, 87-8) that, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier development and longer period of manufacture and circulation has been growing such that these items may be placed within the Middle and Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC).
References
Eogan, G. 1997. ‘Hair-rings’ and European Late Bronze Age society. Antiquity, 71(272), 308-320.
Green, H. S., 1988. A find of Bronze Age" ring-money" from Graianog, Llanllyfni, Gwynedd. The bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 35, 87-91
Gwilt, A. 2015. NMGW-04216C: A BRONZE AGE HOARD Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/727558 [Accessed: 11 Mar 2019 09:12:36]
Hobbs, R. 2003. Treasure: finding our past. London: The British Museum Press.
Meeks, N., Craddock, P., Needham, S. 2008. Bronze Age penannular gold rings from the British Isles: technology and composition. Jewellery Studies 11, 13-30
Raftery, B. 2004. Pit 119: Rathgall, Co. Wicklow. In Roche, H., Bradley, J., Coles, J., Raftery, B. (eds) 2004. From Megaliths to Metal. Essays in Honour of George Eogan. Oxford:Oxbow Books, 83–91
Taylor, J.J. 1980. Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Varndell, G. 2001. Ringing the Changes: when terminology matters. Antiquity 75, 515-5161313-1300-80012022T10034SUSS2022-10-09T00:00:00Z2022-10-18T09:31:16Z2023-10-18T13:45:37Z10.83PAS634E64540017866.8217.5118.831231041141421262528022896East SussexLewesRestricted Accessnear Haywards HeathRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy10SUSS-E6E761Gold10892CastCompleteBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorReturned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure2022T1003.jpg1211143images/janeclark68s/South EastCertain12023-10-18T12:45:37.566Zfinds-10783871078387SUSS-5B9EEEPENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA complete gold bi-partite penannular ring dating to the Middle to Late Bronze Age c. 1300-800 BC.
The ring is comprised of two penannular rings of gold stacked one on top of the other and soldered together. Each ring is sub-circular (oval) in cross-section and sub-circular (oval) when viewed in plan. The terminals are flat one with a crack and another with a lenticular hole with possible void beneath. The external surfaces is scuffed with light scratches.
Measurements: The ring is 13.85 mm long, 12.69 mm wide at the gap and 6.46 mm thick. The gap between the terminals is c.2.69mm. It weighs 7.08g. Each of the two individual bands are of equal dimensions.
Discussion: Penannular rings are a relatively common class of artefact reported through the Treasure Act with bi-partite examples including SOM-4D34ED (2018T14); LIN-9DC2D1 ( 2020T693) and SUSS-42C974 (2021T174). The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Eogan 1994; 1997). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange.
Relatively few examples have been dated through associated finds, archaeological investigation, or radiocarbon dating, however, burials in Belgium, northeast France, and The Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations, have suggested a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800BC (e.g. Eogan 1997). However, in recent years, the evidence for their earlier development and a longer period of manufacture and circulation has been growing. Therefore, on comparative stylistic grounds, the penannular ring may be dated to the Middle or Late Bronze Age (1300-800BC).
Many penannular rings of his type are composite with copper alloy cores and the hole and possible void in the terminal suggest this may be the case in this example.
References
Eogan, G. 1997. ‘Hair-rings’ and European Late Bronze Age society. Antiquity, 71(272), 308-320.The object is a minimum of 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old. Consequently it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 in terms of both age and precious metal content. However, due to the object being of Prehistoric, the presence of any precious metal would qualify this item as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996. Even if gold plated it qualifies as such under the Act. multiple strand1313-1300-80012022T8354SUSS2022-09-04T00:00:00ZMWS2022-09-05T09:57:18Z2024-03-21T08:59:15Z7.08PAS6315B9EE001E896.4612.6913.85123104141421177651753117754HampshireWinchesterRestricted Accessnear CheritonRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy10SUSS-5BA83DGold10892CompleteBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorReturned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure2022T835.jpg1208655images/janeclark68s/South EastCertain12024-03-21T08:59:15.395Zfinds-10636431063643BM-284683PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGESmall penannular gold ring with decorative narrow banding in yellow and paler gold. The external surfaces are very worn. Visual inspection suggested that the piece consists of a gold covering over a base metal core; this was confirmed by scientific analysis.
This is a well known Late Bronze Age type, decorative in character, dating to circa 1150-750 BC.131333-1150-75012004T3213BM2004-04-01T00:00:00Z2004-04-30T00:00:00Z340252006.147Norfolk Museums2022-05-04T14:49:28Z2022-11-01T12:54:08Z3.24PAS6272846800132A154123542741425723864826392NorfolkGreat YarmouthOrmesby St. Margaret with ScratbyTG501552.67498161.696632988BM-284A34Gold10892CompleteGoodBRONZE AGEx13712LateLateBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Controlled archaeological investigationAcquired by museum after being declared Treasure00054219_001.JPG1181206images/mrainbow/EasternCertain12022-11-01T12:54:08.605ZLateHampshire100CountyBRONZE AGE1LateMetal detector00065570_001.jpg177652004261729312004T295BA
The object is a well-known Bronze Age type, decorative in character, dating to circa 1150-750BC.
4DistrictCertain4BM1729714.5-750Emsworthx137125.6Havant108922022-05-25T15:58:23ZDeclared Treasure but returned to Finder as Museum unable to acquire3South EastCirca
Small penannular ring comprising a plain round to oval-sectioned hoop with flat terminals. The interior of the hoop and the flat terminal surfaces have not been polished.
Gold content approximately 82%. The specific gravity at 16 is not low enough to indicate that the ring has a base metal core.
Miranda Rainbow1233-0.95001104BM-276ACF10636251BRONZE AGEPENANNULAR RINGSU7407finds-1063625116BM-275770Complete-1150x13712images/mrainbow/11181174PAS6272757700107032022-05-04T13:45:43ZCertainx137122004-07-31T23:00:00Z1350.85778748BRONZE AGEGold41421BA1Circa13http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/BRONZE AGECertainDistrict Ward2022-07-14T07:16:37.301Zfinds-10530281053028HAMP-259538PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEAn apparently complete, though slightly squashed, Late Bronze Age (1000-800 BC) gold penannular ring (or 'lock-ring'). It is hollow and triangular in cross-section, formed of two flat (angled) outer faces and an internal slightly concave face. The damage to one of the outer faces reveals a hollow interior and the faces formed of conjoined, narrow, circular-sectioned gold wires. There are sixteen of these wires on each outer face with an additional spinal wire at the outermost join and a wire forming the outer edges of the internal face along the opposite (inner) join. The internal face is formed of 14 wire (including its edge wires).
On the undamaged face, the two or three wires closest to the outermost edge appear to have several groupings of diagonal incised lines.
The lock-ring is C-shaped and the triangular terminals are undecorated with an uneven surface. The edge this forms on each face is equally uneven and may suggest the metal has been melted to form this surface.
The object measures 23.4mm in length, 22.2mm in width, 5.7mm in max.thickness (0.6mm in min.thickness at the outermost edge) and weighs 4.53g.The following discussion is taken partly from that first published in LVPL-5DFE32 (2013 W06) and subsequently copied on other records.
This can be identified as a lock-ring, a distinct class of personal ornament belonging to the Late Bronze Age (Eogan 1969; 1983; 1994; Taylor 1980; Lynch 1991; Northover 1995; Gwilt et al 2005; Needham et al 2007). The artefacts associated with similar lock-rings in hoards across Britain, Ireland and France indicate a secure dating to the Ewart Park phase (Dowris phase in Ireland) of the Late Bronze Age (1000–800 B.C.) (Eogan 1969, 106–7, 130–46; Cowie et al 1991; Northover 1995, 525–9; Needham et al 2008, 43). Previous radiocarbon dating in 2007–8 of a hoard of Bronze Age artefacts and six gold lock-rings from near Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, provided a date of 2771 +/- 26 BP, calibrating to 1000–840 B.E. at 2 sigma (Needham et al 2007, 400; 2008, 43), confirming the above attribution.
The intricate technique and quality of workmanship indicated in the making of lock-rings has long been commented upon, despite their small size (e.g. Eogan 1969, 93). Their precise function as personal ornaments remains uncertain (e.g. Taylor 1980, 68–9). For some, they are interpreted as ear-rings (e.g. Armstrong 1917, 29; Savory 1958, 14), the frequency of their occurrence in pairs being used as supporting evidence. Many would now see them instead as used for gathering the hair, hence their name lock-rings (Raftery 1967; Eogan 1969, 95–6; Lynch 1991, 239–41). What is generally agreed, is that they denoted wealth and high-status within Late Bronze Age society.
In Britain, the find-spots for these lock-rings currently concentrate in three zones: firstly, south-west Ireland; secondly, north and west Wales, northern England and southern Scotland; and thirdly, East Anglia and south-eastern England (Eogan 1969, 97, Fig. 2; 1994, 100, Fig. 41).
Of c.31 examples of lock-rings on the PAS database, a significant number of these were discovered in hoards with other contemporary objects, as pairs (or more), and/or close to associated objects. While undecorated examples and examples of decorated sheet gold faces are recorded, the conjoined rib formation/ decoration seems to be the most common type.lock-ring131333-1000-80012022T13813HAMP2022-01-30T00:00:00Z2022-02-08T11:51:47Z2023-12-08T11:14:55Z4.53PAS620259530018695.722.223.4123234141421177651782243511HampshireTest ValleyPenton GraftonSU314751.22135945-1.5574917910HAMP-259DE8Gold10892CompleteBRONZE AGEx13712LateLateBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasureHAMP259538.jpg1173895images/khindshamp/South EastCertain12023-12-08T11:14:56.052Zfinds-10502251050225WREX-584607PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGETREASURE CASE: 2022 T36
Description: A complete, but bent, gold Middle Bronze Age composite penannular ring, dating to c1300-1100BC, made from four strands of gold wire, stacked on top of each other and fused together to produce a ribbed effect. The wires are sub-circular in cross-section. The ends are cut and slightly rounded. The ring has been pulled out of shape since deposition, forming its current C shape.
Dimensions: Length: 56.4 mm, Width: 5.5 mm, Thickness: 1.5 mm, Weight: 5.7 g
Discussion and Dating:
There are a number of parallels on both the PAS database for individual rings of this type. These include ESS-0068F1 (2005 T495), SWYOR-B50B30 (2015 T364), HAMP-SA5729 (2015 T586) and LEIC-88F086 (2021 T762), all of which are made up of three strands of wire. Penannular rings with more than three strands are less frequently recorded on the PAS database although an 11-strand ring from Kent has been recorded as SUR-1B64F5 (2012 T659). A 6-strand ring can also be found on the British Museum’s Collections online (WG.19), which is an Irish example with a broad date of c1300-750BC, from Arboe, County Tyrone.
Meeks et. al. (2008, 13) notes that “although small, penannular rings are amongst the most common items of gold to survive from the British Bronze Age, they remain one of the most problematic classes of prehistoric artefacts as they generally lack good contexts or associations with other classes of metalwork, making them difficult to date accurately”. These objects also take several forms with those that are thicker than this example (such as OXON-FFD016, 2020T77) given a date belonging to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, between 1000-800 cal BC based on burials in Belgium, northeast France and the Netherlands and secondly, Scottish and Irish hoard associations (e.g. Eogan 1997).
However this multiple-strand form made of relatively narrow cords has parallels found in at least three Bronze Age hoards. The first, the Burton Hoard (PAS-5B1745 – Welsh Treasure case 04:02), includes a composite gold penannular ring formed from three round-sectioned wires which have been fused together, with simple clipped or cut terminals. The Cirencester Hoard (BM-28B710 – 2004 T416) includes two double penannular rings and a fragment of a third. Finally the Granta Fen hoard (British Museum Accession No. 1884,0520) includes several multi-stranded penannular rings looped around a gold bracelet which was found with an incomplete rapier. Each of these hoards have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age (c1300-1150 BC) based on the range of chronologically diagnostic artefacts within them which would suggest this form may be dated to this period.
Statement: In terms of age, and being made of more than 10% precious metal, this object would qualify as potential Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.
References:
British Museum Collection available online at https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_WG-19 [accessed: 25/10/22]
Eogan, G., 1997, ‘Hair-rings’ and European Late Bronze Age society. Antiquity. 71 (272), 308–320.
Gwilt, A., Lodwick, M and Davis, M., 2004, PAS-5B1745 – HOARD available online at https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/436588 [accessed: 25/10/22]
Meeks, N. D., Craddock, P. T., and Needham, S. P., 2008. ‘Bronze Age penannular gold rings from the British Isles: Technology and composition’, Jewellery Studies, 11, 13–30.
Needham, S. P., 2004, BM-28B710 – HOARD, available online at https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1063651 [accessed: 25/10/22]
Author
Dr. Susie White, FLO for North Wales
25 October 2022multiple strand131322-1300-115012022T363WREXNWales PAS 220110TAWrexham Museum2022-01-17T14:59:44Z2024-03-21T09:04:37Z5.7PAS61E5846000178F1.55.556.4123234114142643822959943822ShropshireShropshireRestricted AccessPreesRestricted Access10WREX-02E8DFGold10892CompleteFairBRONZE AGEx13712MiddleMiddleBRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasureWREX584607.jpg1168849images/susiewhite/West MidlandsCertain12024-03-21T09:04:37.698Zfinds-10471741047174BERK-35E144PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEBronze age penannular ringmultiple strand1313-1550-115012022T704BERK2021-12-10T14:03:00Z2024-03-21T09:05:10Z0.63PAS61B35E140014B44.24.37.11232311141421832885678439OxfordshireVale of White HorseRestricted AccessLyford CPRestricted Access10BERK-FD0506Gold10892FragmentFairBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorSubmitted for consideration as TreasureBERK35E144.jpg1165448images/pipsmither/South EastCertain12024-03-21T09:05:10.691ZWiltshire10Unitary AuthorityCast1BRONZE AGE2Metal detectorKENT8E7F29.jpg439252021From finderGood11695612022T324BA4.7Unitary AuthorityProbably4KENT43925-750Restricted Accessx137126.47Wiltshire108922022-05-23T11:35:46ZReturned to finderSouth WestCirca
A complete gold or gold plated copper alloy pennanular ring of Late Bronze Age date (1150-750 BC).
Description: The object is oval in plan broadly sub-circular to D-shaped in cross-section with the outside edge being more rounded than the straighter inside edge.The terminals are slightly flared with visible rims and have irregular facets which suggest they have been hammered. The ring is mostly gold in colour, with the exception of a brown band that appears to wrap around it, however it is likely that this is the core of the object that has been heavily coated in gold and then filed away to leave the band. This is apparent as the gold stretches across the band in linear strokes.
Measurements: length: 14.7mm; width: 12.8mm; thickness: 4.7mm; weight: 6.47g
Discussion: From NMGW-04216C 'The penannular ring belongs to a class of artefact which has been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980, Eogan 1994, 1997, Hobbs 2003, Meeks et al 2008 and O'Connor et al 2008). Their function remains uncertain, although it is likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange'. A number of such rings have been reported to the PAS and declared treasure in recent years. E.g banded plated example PAS-011055 (2016T920), plane plated SUSS-1CBAB0 (2017T984) rolled up tube LANCUM-80A136 (2011T499).
Lori Rogerson114.723WilsfordKENT-8E9BAA10424571BRONZE AGEPENANNULAR RINGRestricted Accessfinds-10424571112.88KENT-8E7F29Complete-1150x13712images/lrogerson/21177946PAS6188E7F200190A42021-11-08T09:03:46ZProbablyx1371212021-10-02T23:00:00Z132BRONZE AGEGold41427BA1Circa13http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/BRONZE AGECertainCivil Parish2022-07-14T07:16:17.838Zfinds-10392471039247SUR-C145EDPENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA gold, or gold-plated copper alloy penannular ring of late Bronze Age date. The ring has a near-circular cross section, 7.5mm thick and is 20.5mm in diameter with a 2.4mm gap between the ends. The surface is plated as is demonstrated in several places by damage (notably on one of the ends) which reveals a copper alloy core within. There is no sign of banding in differential shades of gold, this being a common form of decoration on similar rings.
Diameter 20.5mm; thickness 7.5mm; weight 13.17g.These types of gold or gold-on-base-metal rings and penannular rings are characteristic finds of the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1300-800 BC). They have been termed 'hair-rings' and 'ring-money' (Taylor 1980; Green 1988; Eogan 1994; 1997; Varndell 2001; Hobbs 2003; Meeks et al 2008; O'Connor et al 2008), but their function remains uncertain. It is perhaps most likely that they were personal adornments, possibly worn on the ears or nose, rather than being hair-ornaments or items of exchange.1313-1150-80012021T7293SUR2021-09-10T00:00:00Z2021-10-05T10:01:18Z2022-08-19T12:35:13Z13.17PAS615C145E001DC920.57.512371041141421177651752117653HampshireBasingstoke and DeaneBradleySU644351.18265717-1.0857233810SUR-C1493EGold10892Copper alloy10627CastCompleteBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorReturned to finder after being disclaimed as TreasureSURC145ED.jpg1155976images/smaslin/South EastCertain12022-08-19T11:35:13.305Zfinds-10379591037959LEIC-88F086PENANNULAR RINGBRONZE AGEA middle Bronze Age gold pennanular ring, dating to c. 1300 BC - 1150 BC. The ring is a tri-partite composite type. The three elements are lightly C-shaped in plan and oval in cross-section and have apparently been soldered together. Each of the elements is about 3mm in width.
Height: 9.24 mm
Diameter: 14.05 mm
Weight: 11.58 g
Discussion: Two other gold tri-partite are recorded on the PAS database BUC-9754C7 (2007T118) and SUSS-63B7A6 (2012T165), both are dated to the Middle Bronze Age (1300 - 1150 BC).
The report for 2012T165 comments: Although small, penannular rings are amongst the most common items of gold to survive from the British Bronze Age, they remain one of the most problematic classes of prehistoric artefacts as they generally lack good contexts or associations with other classes of metalwork, making them difficult to date accurately (Meeks, Craddock, & Needham 2008: 13). Their appearance in Britain most likely coincides with the beginning of the 'Ornament Horizon' (c. 1400-1100 BC), a new tradition of gold ornaments which coincides with the early Taunton to the later Penard metalwork phases for England and Wales (Roberts 2007: 7). This ring, therefore, can be generally dated to the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1400-1140 BC).
The object contains more than 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old. Consequently, it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 in terms of both age and precious metal content.
Reference:
Meeks, Nigel D., Craddock, Paul T., & Needham, Stuart P., 2008. "Bronze Age Penannular Gold Rings from the British Isles: Technology and Composition". Jewellery Studies 11: 13-30.
Roberts, B., 2007. "Adorning the Living but Not the Dead: Understanding Ornaments in Britain c. 1400-1100 cal BC". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73: 1-32.The find was subsequently sold at auction by the finder on 29th November 2022 through Timeline Auctions. It sold for £2,340, its current whereabouts are unknown.multiple strand1313-1300-115012021T7624LEIC2021-09-20T14:39:20Z2024-03-21T09:05:36Z11.589.24PAS61488F0800161A14.051231042141423234232351423279LeicestershireHarboroughRestricted AccessAshby MagnaRestricted Accessbands.shops.handy10LEIC-59D90AGold10892CompleteGoodBRONZE AGEx13712BRONZE AGEx13712x13712Metal detectorReturned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure88F086.jpg1157574images/meggard1/East MidlandsCertain12024-03-21T09:05:36.043ZHampshire1CountyCastBRONZE AGE1Metal detector2003T290.jpg17765From finder75174551106272003T290BA
See TAR 2003 / Treasure Annual Report 2003 (pps. 17-18, no. 5); Murgia et al 2014 / European Bronze Age Gold in the British Museum (3.7.6.3).
6.63DistrictCertain4SUR1748620-750Crondallx1371213.54Hart108922021-08-27T13:59:59ZAcquired by museum after being declared TreasureSouth EastCirca
A gold plated Bronze Age penannular striped ring with silvery gold alloy wire circumferentially inlaid. The body is circular in cross-section and it is decorated with broad stripes. Gold plating covers the whole of the core and is seamless over the body of the ring. The circumferential pattern of stripes is spiral and it is wound in a clockwise direction. It appears to be produced by inlaying a continuous strip of silvery gold around the ?copper alloy core to give the appearance of alternating stripes of gold and silver.
Maximum diameter 20mm; internal diameter 6.5mm; thickness of hoop 7mm; gap between terminals 3mm at widest; weight 13.54 grams.
2005,0101.1Simon Maslin123-0.87005746SUR-8E17A310359751BRONZE AGEPENANNULAR RINGSU7948finds-1035975117.1310SUR-8E1010Complete-1150x13712images/smaslin/11152242PAS6128E10100104032021-08-27T13:56:33ZCertainx1371211351.22573493BRONZE AGEGold41421BA1Circa13http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/BRONZE AGEBritish MuseumCertainCopper alloyCivil Parish2022-07-14T07:16:13.243Z