NCL-9DA4A7: BROOCH
A copper alloy disc of a later Early Medieval ansate brooch. The object is a disc from one end of an ansate brooch with one decorated face. The decoration consists of cells which would originally have been infilled with enamel/glass/coloured paste. Corrosion within the cells suggests some colour differentiation. There is no obvious organisation of the cells other than that they follow a circular pattern with a cross in the centre. The underside is undecorated and has a corroded lug. One edge of the disc has a break where the bow connected to the disc. Weetch allocated this brooch to her type II.Aiii, ansate brooches with disc-shaped terminals with incised geometric decoration.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/179277

DENO-46A984: BROOCH
Early medieval cruciform brooch, two fragments, not joining but probably from the same object: Fragment 1 - part of head plate only. Part of the rectangular central plate with part of recessed left wing (right wings and base of plate broken off). Integrally cast top knob - plano-convex terminal, rectangular sectioned collar with straight sided groove between. On the reverse is a single lug to take the pin/spring, with iron staining around. There are two irregularly shaped rough depressions on the reverse of the knob. Length 32.07mm, width 24.85mm, thickness including hinge 8.78mm, thickness across knob terminal 4.86mm, thickness at top of head plate 2.41mm, weight 7.77g. Fragment 2 - part of bow and upper part of foot only. The upper part of the bow is missing - arched and carinated bow with bevelled corners (at the base at least), concave on the reverse. Below this a trapezoidal plate with a small winged projection on either side; below this two raised transverse ridges with a groove between; the rest of the foot is broken off. The damaged catchplate is on the reverse of the trapezoidal section. Length 44.95mm, width at widest part (across projecting wings) 21.55mm, thickness including catchplate & bow c.16mm, length of catchplate 16.5mm, weight 12.72g.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/179924

NCL-8459B4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy ansate brooch of the middle to late Early Medieval period, of Weetch's type II.Aiii. The bow of the object is D-shaped in section and the sub-circular, disc-shaped terminals are rectangular in section. The terminals have engraved cells showing an encircled cruciform shape. These were probably intended to hold enamel or paste decoration. The reverse of the object is undecorated. The reverse of one disc-shaped terminal carries the surviving fragment of the pin lug, which is set transversely (perpendicular to the pin). The other disc-shaped terminal carries the catchplate, a narrow, curved and integrally cast tag. The pin itself is missing but there are extensive traces of iron corrosion around the pin lug. Weetch dates this type to the 8th to 10th century.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/180077

NCL-030777: BROOCH
Complete Early Medieval penannular brooch, Fowler type G. The hoop is circular with exterior diameter 27.36mm and interior diameter 18.29mm. The hoop face has moulded ribbed decoration while the reverse is plain. The terminals are cuboid with faceted sides and measure 6.74mm wide x 5.4mm thick. Each terminal has a lozenge shape on the face, containing a central dot. The pin is complete and remains moveable. It measures 33.95mm long x 2.02mm thick. It is bent outwards, probably through use. The pin appears to be made from a different alloy to the hoop and was therefore possibly a replacement when the original pin broke. The excellent condition of the pin supports this theory. This brooch is an example of British culture in the sub-Roman - Early Medieval period.

BERK-9F7241: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy gilded Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch. The item has a plain flared rim and a central rosette surrounded by a relief design referred to as 'devolved guilloche' which is essentially a series of stylised interwoven bands or ribbons represented by angular blocks flowing in an anti-clockwise direction. The brooch has been bent and fragmented so that roughly two thirds of the item remains. There are slight traces of the original pin attachment on the reverse. Two brooches of the same design, also found in Oxfordshire are recorded in the Ashmolean Museum's, 'A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections', MacGregor & Bolick, 1993, Record 2.31, p.48. Saucer brooches belong largely to the late 5th - 6th centuries, although some production survived into the early decades of the 7th century. The main focus of distribution of these brooches is around the upper Thames valley, extending into southern and western Midlands. Peripheral areas include counties south of the Thames, East Anglia and as far north as Humberside. Brooches of this type were produced charcteristically as a single casting. Women and young girls wore them in a pairs at the shoulder or the breast (MacGregor & Bolick, 1993, page 42).

NARC-EFB5F1: BROOCH
The foot and lower section of the bow from an Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, modelled on the crucifrom type, and dating to the 6th century. The foot is flat in section and semi-circular in profile, with no ornament, while the straight section above it features four raised cast horizontal bands. The fragment measures 28.2mm in length, with a width of 23.7mm. The crescentic foot is 10.4mm deep. The fragment's maximum thickness is 3.4mm, and it weighs 4.0g.

NARC-EFC8F4: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, dating to around the 6th century. At this time, relatively crude imitations of larger brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). This is a good example of the type, measuring 51mm long, with a maximum head width of 24mm, and a bow thickness of 3.4mm. It weighs 11g. The head is roughly square and undecorated, measuring 24mm by 22m, while the bow is short (truncated at 29mm) and gently curved at the top, with a straighter, thin section close to the (now lost) foot. There is a small raised, rectangular area just above the foot. There is a single lug on the reverse (5.9mm deep) ,and iron corrosion representing the original pin.

NARC-EFCB45: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, copying the cruciform type, and dating to around the 6th century. At this time, relatively crude imitations of cruciform and square-headed brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). This is a good example of the type, weighing 12.0g, and measuring 42.6mm in length, and 26.1mm in width at its widest point (across the head). The head itself is made up of a central field measuring 12.7mm by 16.6mm, and external 'wings' or processes of rectangular form, measuring 16mm by 17mm. At the bow, the brooch has a thickness of 4.2mm, and the lug is 6.5mm deep. There is a single lug on the reverse,and iron corrosion representing the original pin. The bow is sharply curved, but the foot is now lost. The head is unornamented, and its 'wings' consist of small rectangular plates. The bow features a small stud-lile projection at its apex.

NARC-EFCE90: BROOCH
Two fragments (head and foot) of an Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, copying the 'cruciform' type. Such brooches were commonest in the 6th century. Around the 6th century AD , relatively crude imitations of cruciform and square-headed brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). Taken together, these fragments represent a good example of the type, measuring 63mm (combined length) x 7.7 (max width), x 4.6mm (thickness at apex of bow), and weighing 13g in total. The head is 25.1mm long, 24mm wide, and weighs 6g. The bow and foor are 37.9mm long, and weighs 7g. A single lug is evident on the reverse, and iron corrosion represents the original pin. The bow is sharply curved, but the slightly splayed foot is decorated only with horizontal incised lines, rather than the zoomorphic ornament typical of true cruciform brooches. The head is stamped with multiple ring-and-dot motifs, and its wings are small and hemispherical. The brooch's surface shows signs of bronze diseaase. This brooch bears very close resemblance to NARC-EFD0E6, from the same site.

NARC-EFD0E6: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, copying the 'cruciform' type. Such brooches were commonest in the 6th century. Around the 6th century AD , relatively crude imitations of cruciform and square-headed brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). This is a good example of the type, measuring 60.9mm in length, 32,4mm in maximum width (at the head), and 4.3mm in thickness at the bow apex. The bow itself is 8.72mm wide, while the head has a width of 32.4mm. There is a single perforated lug on the reverse,and iron corrosion representing the original pin. The bow is sharply curved, but the slightly splayed foot is decorated only with horizontal incised lines, rather than the zoomorphic ornament typical of true cruciform brooches. The head is stamped with multiple ring-and-dot motifs, and its wings are small and hemispherical. The brooch's surface shows signs of bronze diseaase. The brooch shows strong formal and decorative similarities with NARC-EFCE90 from the same site.

NARC-EFD303: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small square-headed brooch brooch, dating to the 6th century. Although nicely cast, its incised line ornament is rather rudimentary, such that it might be classed as a small long brooch, copying the small square-headed form. The reverse retains a pair of lugs that would have made up the hinge mechanism, but the iron pin is now represented only by corrosion product. The brooch measures 64mm long, and has a maximum width of 28.8mm. The head is subrectangular (22mm wide, and 19mm deep). The brooch's maximum thickness is 3.1mm, though the attachment lug on the reverse is 9.0mm deep. The brooch weighs 26.0g.

SWYOR-3B94C6: BROOCH
Part of a copper alloy circular brooch which is Early Medieval in date. The brooch is a flat disc with a raised ropework rim. The front of the disc and the rim is gilt. It is broken and the surviving fragment is 18.3mm long, 12.9mm wide and 5.8mm thick. There is a hole in the centre of the disc through which fits a small copper alloy and undecorated rivet which has also survived. The reverse of the disc is plain copper alloy with a dark brown patina. A double pin lug survives but not the pin. The brooch probably dates from the Early Anglo-Saxon period.

KENT-F9D7C2: BROOCH
Small cast copper alloy bow brooch, with sub-triangular headplate and footplate. The brooch is similar to examples of small equal-armed brooches, although this example is not symmetrical, the headplate being slightly shorter than the footplate. It is thus also very similar to examples of miniature radiate-headed brooches, and perhaps sits somewhere between the two types. The reverse has remains of the iron pin and spring surviving, possibly with traces of mineralised textile preserved in the corrosion products. Compare IOW-FE1124, and an example from a 6th-century grave at Frilford, now in the BM (1867,0204.8).

KENT-91C1D6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy bow brooch. The brooch comprises a bow without headplate, and a footplate. For most of its length (18.66mm) the bow has an ovoid cross-section, with flat sides and a ventral ridge. However, at the junction with the pin and spring, at its mid-point and at the junction with the foot the bow has thickened rectangular sections. With the exception of the section of bow at the junction with the foot, which is plain, these sections are decorated with three transverse v-shaped grooves which have probably been incised. There are what appear to be three faint file marks on the lower-right section of the bow just above the thickened section. The foot, which measures 18.68mm beyond the bow, tapers towards its end which terminates with a transverse sub-rectangular projection. The lower section of the foot projects forward slightly. A short (6.78mm long) but complete integral catchplate projects from the reverse of the foot at the junction with the bow. The front of the footplate is decorated with two zones of incised lines, the upper zone (from the junction with the bow) comprising 6 transverse v-shaped grooves. The lower zone (towards the terminal) comprises 6 incised chevrons. The corroded remains of an iron spring and pin mechanism survive on the back of the upper terminal of the bow. This brooch is probably of early to mid 5th century date.

ESS-368471: BROOCH
Half rounded side knob from a headplate of an an Early Medieval crucifrom brooch. The knob was integrally cast with the headplate. The knob is sub-rectangular in plan with a rounded terminal. The terminal is domed with a slightly concave reverse. There is a double moulded collar on the knob where it would have joined to the headplate. There is a very small section of the headplate remaining. The break is old and worn. It is 16.99mm long, 7.71mm wide, 3.84mm thick and weighs 1.19 grams.

HAMP-3929B2: BROOCH
The foot from an early-medieval small-long brooch (5th/6th century AD). The foot is expanded, with five sides. It is asymmetrical, with the left side when the foot is lowermost longer and wider. Above the foot the leg is as narrow as 6mm before flaring to 24.25mm at the foot. At the other end the bow curves upwards before a break. On the lower side of the leg is a slightly abraded, perpendicular catchplate (14.9 x 5.25 x 2mm). Viewing the brooch in profile one can see that the foot is bent upwards compared to the leg, most so on its left side. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated. There are some crudely scored transverse lines at the terminal of the foot. On the upper edges of the foot there are triangular nicks. At the junction of foot and leg is a double transverse ridge, with a further pair of double ridges just before the bow curves. The artefact is now corroded with a variable green colour.

WAW-B55137: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval cast copper alloy brooch. A fragment of the head plate remains. The fragment has a flat undecorated portion of the headplate with an integral side or top knop protruding from the edge. The knop is semi-circular in section and is moulded with a wide collar at the junction of the headplate and knop. The terminal of the knop is waisted and is then semi-circular in plan. The broken edges of the brooch are not recent. The surface of the brooch has a heavy green/brown patina with some pitting. In length it measures 29.74mm and 24.29mm wide. It weighs 5.1g. This brooch is a Long brooch; Cruciform type from the Early Medieval period. These type of brooches date to the 5th to 6th centuries.

DENO-953944: BROOCH
Early medieval brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy disc brooch of probable 9th century date. The brooch is formed of a flat, circular plate cast with a design with roundels and indications of interlace. The artefact consists of two fragments of the plate which fit together, one of which seems more worn than the other. Unfortunately the back of the fragments cannot be closely examined due to the adhesive which has been used to hold them together, but there is no indication that any of the pin or pin mounting survives. From the existing fragment it can be postulated that the original design had four roundels spaced around the exterior of the brooch but it is not possible to be more specific about the overall design. The fragment is worn so the pattern is unclear but there does not seem to be any zoomorphic element to the design. The abstract design is an indication of a 9th century date (rather than an earlier one). The layout is also similar to that of the Scandinavian-inspired Borre style disc brooches of the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Diameter 35.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, weight 8.80g

LIN-FA4AF2: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy Viking trefoil brooch executed in Borre style knot work. There are two lugs and the remains of an iron pin on the reverse. The perimeter of the brooch is entirely missing, and only the central portion remains.

NCL-27D425: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy annular brooch of the Early Medieval period. The brooch is circular in plan and rectangular in section, the thickness of the band being 2.1mm. The band has fragmented into two pieces, however the two pieces together make up the whole brooch, the diameter of which is 44.22mm. There is a restriction to take a pin, now lost. The brooch is decorated on its display face. Every 90 degrees, a band runs transversely across the brooch, defined by two incised lines to either side, so that there is a broad central band and two narrower flanking bands. With the bands separating the brooch into four quarters. The majority of the face in each quarter is undecorated.

NCL-28B433: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy annular brooch of the Early Medieval period. The brooch frame is complete with a diameter of 42.16mm. The band measures 8.52mm wide and is decorated with double sets of two incised lines at intervals round the band. There is a restriction for a pin which no longer remains.

YORYM-91A520: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy foot, probably of a cruciform brooch. The surviving portion of the foot shows a zoomorphic design of a stylised animal head, created with mouldings and ridges in relief. Behind the head the recessed face hides the catchplate. The object is broken just above the top of the catchplate and at the animal's snout on the terminal.

YORYM-21BE97: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch, probably the incomplete terminal of a cruciform brooch. The object comprises a zoomorphic terminal showing a stylised snout and eyes. Coming up from this terminal are two broken tags showing probable moulded bands of ridge and pellet decoration. Moving further up the central body of the brooch terminal are two further broken tags, one of which is more extended; this is right-angled in plan, and may once have connected to the tag below it, creating an openwork motif on the brooch.

HESH-3AC4C6: BROOCH
Possible cast lead alloy (pewter?) disc brooch of early medieval (later Anglo Saxon / 9th -10th Century) date (800-1000 AD). There is some debate as to whether this is actually part of a brooch or possibly a post medieval lead token; due to the large amounts of damage it is impossible to be certain of the identification. If the artefact is a brooch it would have originally been circular, however due to abrasion and plough damage, it is now more oval or sub-rectangular in plan and is slightly domed in profile. It measures 28.9mm length, 21.2mm width is a maximum of 3.4mm thick, and weighs 8.35 grams. The front face is decorated with a cast design which is much abraded. The overall design is based around a central raised boss, which is enclosed by a series of concentric circles formed from cast low relief curvi-linear ribs. The central boss is formed by a raised pellet. From the outer concentric circle a series of vertical and horizontal ribs extend. These are most clear to the left of the brooch. It is probable that these extend around the outer edge of the brooch but have been loss due to the damage described. The reverse face of the brooch is plain and undecorated. There is no evidence of either a hinge fitting or catchplate associated with a brooch. It is however, possible that these have been lost through abrasion. The brooch is a mid grey colour with an abraded patina. On most of the raised surfaces and on the edges the patina has been lost and light grey coloured powdery corrosion is present. On the broken edges lamination has started to occur. All of this damage is likely to be due to movement in the ploughsoil. Similar lead / pewter brooches have been recorded by the PAS (mostly in the east of the country) and it is suggested that the original designs for them are based on coins. A similar find from Shropshire has been recorded; however this example is clearly a brooch due to the fittings on the reverse (see HESH-C34EB7 for details). Weetch has allocated this brooch to her Type 32, other/unknown plate brooches.

NCL-76F167: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy disc brooch of the late Early Medieval period, probably the 10th century. The brooch has a border of square beads with a beast (perhaps a stylised lion) in the centre. The beast is facing left looking back over its shoulder. The beast has a scaled neck, probably a mane, and a thick raised tail, and four legs with three toes each. The reverse of the brooch has an integrally case hinge fitting and catch plate. The hinge fitting is semi-circular with a rectangular perforation and bears iron corrosion from the hinge of the pin. The catch plate is a simple hook. Both features project perpendicularly from the underside of the brooch at approximately 90 degrees and 180 degrees, respectively. The patina is an uneven deep red and green colour.

ESS-097060: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy saucer brooch. The brooch is circular in plan, and is missing its upturned rim. The upper surface has cast decoration comprised of a raised central boss surrounded by six running spirals. There is a wide field around the spirals which is plain and undecorated. There is a small amount of gilt surviving on the upper surface. The reverse of the brooch has a double lug with the corroded remains of an iron pin in the space between the lugs. These lugs are sub-rectangular in plan with a curved upper edge. The catchplate is complete and is rectangular with a recurved top edge. There is no iron staining on the reverse of the brooch except on the double lugs. The edge of the brooch is worn, and it has been slightly bent. It has a diameter of 36.29mm, the plate is 1.20mm thick. The catchplate is 5.45mm long, 1.86mm thick and increases the overall thickness of the brooch to 7.15mm. The double lugs are 7.01mm long, and each lug is approximately 2mm thick. The lugs are spaces 4.21mm apart. The lugs increase the overall thickness of the brooch to 8.37mm. The brooch weighs 10.2 grams. The brooch has an even mid-green patina, and both surfaces have been slightly scratched.

YORYM-5ACDC7: BROOCH
Cast and carved disc brooch dating from the Early Medieval period. The object comprises a flat-sectioned disc with carved and gilt decoration. The decoration is located within the confines of a band of metal, this being the rim of the brooch; the decorative elements were carved, leaving raised lines in the metal. The motif comprises two spirals, separated from each other and the lower half of the motif. The lower half of the motif comprises two outward-facing trumpet-shaped cells with smaller spirals underneath. Traces of gilding survive in across the face of the brooch. There is a perforation at the point of one of the trumpet-shaped cells. The reverse of the object is not decorated; there is a scar located at the nine o'clock position (with the perforation at the twelve o'clock position). This scar is more likely to be the area where something was previously attached (perhaps a catch) than modern damage.

LIN-7206E6: BROOCH
Possible fantail foot from an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The brooch foot is flat, triangular and broken at the top. There is no decoration on the surface and no catchplate on the reverse. The absence of a catchplate makes this more likely to be Anglo-Saxon, since Roman bow and fantail brooches have catchplates on the reverse of the fantail.

LVPL-2E8034: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the 6th century AD. All that remains is the arched bow, which has facetted corners and is concave behind, and a small part of the beginning of the foot. At the junction with the foot there are 2 transverse incisions. On the back of the fragment the catchplate remains. There is a crack in the top of the bow.

KENT-45A4E1: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch, comprising the head-plate and part of the bow. The head-plate has an integral half-round knob projecting from its top edge and incomplete lateral wings. One of the wings is damaged, with deep lines gouged in its front surface. On the back of the head-plate is a single perforated lug to which the (now missing) iron pin and spring wold have been attached. The bow has a worn transverse break just below the junction with the headplate. The front surfaces of both the headplate and bow are decorated with rows of incised or punched lines and dots.

KENT-425A34: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy early medieval brooch. This bow brooch is of an unusual type. It has an oval headplate with two lugs on the reverse, between which survives the corroded remains of the iron spring and pin bar. The bow has a curved cross-section, but a rectangular cross-section at the junctions with the head and foot-plates. The centre of the bow has a flattened circular section on its front, giving a disc-on-bow appearance. The foot-plate is straight, but terminates in a circular knop. The front of the foot-plate is decorated with a series of incised transverse lines. A catch-plate on the back of the foot retains part of the brooch's iron pin. The brooch is largely unpatinated. In general form it would appear to date to the 5th century AD.

KENT-E99F24: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy early Anglo-Saxon bow brooch, possibly a small long brooch. The brooch has a sub-rectangular head-plate with incised circle-and-dot design on the front. Projecting knops from the sides and top edge. There is a single perforated lug on the reverse with remains of an iron spring and pin. Plain, narrowed arched bow, which is broken just above the junction with the foot-plate.

KENT-FC33F2: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy miniature radiate-headed brooch. The terminal of the foot-plate is missing. No trace of the (presumably iron) spring or pin survives on the reverse, although both the catch-plate and lug for attachment of the spring are present.

CAM-086A16: BROOCH
Fragment of Early-medieval copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The object consists of the middle section of the brooch complete with lappets and the bow. The reverse of the central section has the pin lug complete but without the pin. Decoration on the brooch consists of ring and dot decoration around the central rectangle and a median gully down the center of the bow. Length: 34.12mm; width: 23.30mm; thickness: 3.32mm; weight: 12.69g.

CAM-8395C3: BROOCH
A fragment of copper alloy early medieval Small Long Brooch. The object consists of the head of the object with one complete and two damaged cruciform projections. On the reverse is the semi-circular pin attachment, but with no pin. The foot of the brooch is missing. Decoration on the object consists of lines of small circles in a central square and on the outside of the projections. The brooch fragment measures 22.48mm in length; 31.19mm in width and is 1.32mm thick and weighs 5.11g.

LEIC-ADABE0: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch fragment, 19mm long, 8mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 2.17grams. The object consists of the upper part of the brooch and has a small rectangular head plate with a single knop on its upper edge. The sides are missing but the head plate has traces of the bow emerging from its base. The reverse has a circular lug which is corroded with iron.

NARC-B2A2B2: BROOCH
Central fragment of Copper alloy early medieval cruciform brooch. Rectangular head plate with expanded wings, upper and left wing broken off. Arched bow with faceted corners convex in front and concave behind, with evidence of a central square stud, although the top of the bow is very worn and chipped. Evidence of lappets, or wings, expanding from the plate beneath the central stud, although only a fragment of the left one remains. Foot is missing. At the rear, in the centre of the rectangular head plate is a circular hoop on a vertical axis, which would have acted as a hinge for the pin. The upper central area of the lug is missing. Brooch is worn and corroded.

SF-2A29B3: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon coin-brooch. The object is a silver penny of Edward the Confessor (1042-66), of the Hammer Cross type, c. AD 1060, which has been mounted as a brooch or badge. The original coin was minted in Thetford, probably by the moneyer Godlef, although the secondary treatment of the coin means that most of the inscription is no longer legible, with only __FONÐET__, from the middle of the reverse inscription clearly legible. The reverse of the coin, showing a cross, has been gilded for display, and five holes have been pierced in the coin, one in the centre and one at the end of each arm of the cross, into which silver bossed rivets have been inserted, with the domed bosses projecting as additional decorations against the gilded background. Four of these are still in place, but one of the outer ones is missing, leaving a hole. Part of the hinge attachment for the pin remains in place, as does the base of the catchplate. These have been soldered into place, rather than riveted. There is considerable distortion of the obverse behind the join with the fittings, including damage to the gilding, and it seems likely that this damage occurred when the fittings were attached. The fact that this has damaged the gilding, and this damage has not been repaired, together with the missing bossed rivet, may indicate that work on the brooch was abandoned once it became clear that this damage had taken place. The object has been not been subjected to metallurgical testing, since the bulk of it is a coin, and sufficient previous analysis of the coinage of this period has taken place to indicate a high silver content, far in excess of the threshold of 10% set down by the Treasure Act (1996). The addition of gilding and silver fittings will not have diminished the precious metal content significantly, and may even have added to it. As established by the precedent of several previous treasure cases, while a single coin would not normally be considered Treasure, the secondary treatment means that it must be considered as an object, rather than a coin, and therefore qualifies as Treasure.

HAMP-51B3A4: BROOCH
An incomplete gilded copper-alloy nummular brooch of late early-medieval date (11th century AD). Perhaps two-thirds of the artefact survives, bent; only a limited section of the circumference is extant. This is effectively a repoussé disc brooch, decorated unifacially with a design raised up from below. The design is that of a crowned, bearded and ?draped bust facing right, with a sceptre to the right, all within a beaded border. Between the border and the surviving circumference are the letters '?EDAA?', with a faint beaded border towards the circumference. The brooch seems to be imitating a coin, as with an example illustrated in Mills (2001, 48; ref. AS103). Further, it would appear to be imitating a coin brooch, that is a gilded and mounted coin. On the quoted example and many 11th-century coin brooches the reverse [cross] tends to be displayed, rather than the obverse bust as in this instance. However, this brooch is still dated to the main period of popularity of coin brooches - the later 11th century, and specifically the reigns of Edward the Confessor and William I. The bust displayed on this brooch approximates best to the bearded bust facing right on some of the coins of Edward the Confessor, although it is considered that the portrait is better rendered on this object; as such it is not thought that the brooch was made using a genuine coin die. It is also larger than contemporary coins. The lower surface of the brooch is plain apart of some overspill of the obverse's gilt near the circumference. Towards the surviving section of circumference is a rectangular strip folded together at two points to make a double lug. The folds have been pierced; one retains part of what was presumably the axis bar around which the pin would have looped.

SWYOR-A9A167: BROOCH
A fragmentary copper alloy Early Medieval Great Square Headed Brooch of which only the bow survives. The fragment is rectangular and arched. It has a central vertical ridge with a circular boss in the middle. Chip carved decoration is present on either side of the central ridge though corrosion and dirt obscure the details of the pattern which is in Anglo Saxon Style I animal art style. There are traces of gilding at the top and bottom of the fragment on the front. There appears to be a repair in one corner of the fragment. A small square plate of copper alloy sheet affixed by a copper alloy rivet is visible on top of the decorated surface. A corresponding piece of copper alloy sheet is also visible on the reverse but again, the details are obscured. In the same corner, the fragment has a projection to the side which is part of the head of the brooch. The back is undecorated. The brooch dates from the 6th and measures 43.5mm x 27.6mm x 8.22mm, weighing 22.88g.

CAM-409F65: BROOCH
Late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch with interlacing decoration, belonging to the East Anglian Series type and dating from the late 9th or 10th century. The decoration on the object consists of a central lozenge with sunken circle inside, surrounded by an interlacing symmetrical pattern. The reverse has a catch-plate set parallel to the edge of the brooch, and a patch of iron corrosion where the pin lug once was. The pin is missing. Diameter: 27.30mm; thickness: 1.84mm; weight; 7.26g. A similar brooch can be seen in Hattat's Visual Catalogue (fig. 1692, pg. 379).

SUR-FD8D96: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch of Small-Long form; only the upper part survives. The headplate is square with three T-shaped arms and with a housing behind for the spring and pin. Along the edges of these arms and around three sides of the square headplate is decoration comprising lines of punched crescents and dots. Only one end of the arched and facetted bow survives.

SUR-FDB186: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch of Small-Long form; only the undecorated upper part survives. The headplate is square with three rounded projections (one is missing), and on its back a housing for an iron spring. The arched bow is also plain.

SUR-FDCBE5: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch of Small-Long form; only the undecorated upper part survives. The headplate is square and on its back a housing for an iron spring. The arched bow is also plain.

SUR-FDDD41: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch, probably of Small-Long form; only the bow and a fragment of the catchplate survive. The bow, which is concave behind, has mouldings which form facetted corners. Above and below the bow is a group of three transverse grooves. There is also a groove below the bow, adjacent to the top of the catchplate.

SUR-FDF3A2: BROOCH
A gilded early Saxon brooch, probably of Great Square-Headed form. Only part of the bow survives. This fragment displays rebated edges to either side of a prominent ridge.

SWYOR-A34DE1: BROOCH
A copper alloy Anglo Saxon small-long brooch. The central headplate is square with three integral flat, semi-circular wings surrounding it. Below the headplate, the bow is arched and broken, with the foot missing. The headplate and the wing plates are all decorated with two concentric rings and a pellet at the centre. The reverse has a single, pierced lug on the headplate for the pin. However the lug is broken. It measures 41.4mm x 26.9mm x 6.8mm, weighing 6.36g. For similar examples see LIN-DB1483 and BH-427834.

HAMP-742B02: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy button brooch of early-medieval date (Avent and Evison Class Aii; 5th - 6th century AD). This example is incomplete in so far as its iron pin has largely been lost to corrosion. The rim is upturned (H.: 3.1mm) and very slightly flared. The upper surface is decorated with a central moulded anthropomorphic face-mask viewed straight on within a border. The helmet is formed a pair of curves that meet at a point. Above are parallel curves which extend from the border at both ends. Echoing them are three nicks in the border uppermost. The eyebrows and nose are formed of a single T-shaped piece characterised by long, slightly curved arms, and a flared, triangular nose. The eyes are triangular and have sub-rectangular eyerings adjacent. The raised cheeks beyond are on the same alignment and are broadly square. There is a nick to the border next to each cheek. Below the nose is an open' oval mouth, with transverse depression. There is possible further border decoration below the mouth although it lacks the regularity of that described above. Much gilding survives on the upper surface of the brooch; it has only been lost on the highest points. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a ?pin lug, at 3 o'clock. At 9 o'clock is the probable catchplate. They are therefore aligned along the width of the face. The brooch has a dark green patina with some patches of lighter corrosion product.

SWYOR-70AF31: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Medieval Button Brooch dating from the 5th or 6th century. The brooch is circular and is 16.6mm in diameter and 3.2mm thick. It weighs 2.67g. The brooch would probably have had a raised rim, but this is missing on this example. On the reverse, the edge of the brooch is curved, making the back like a very shallow dome. There are very corroded bumps which are all that survive of the catchplate and pin mechanism. The pin is missing. The design on the front is a moulded anthropomorphic face-mask decoration with a small, flattened and rounded helmet. The eyebrows, nose and moustache form part of one element. There is a curved line under the moustache which may represent a downturned mouth. The eyes appear irregular, although this may be due to wear. There are two curved bars beneath each eye, representing eye-rings and/or cheek bars. The face-mask is set within a raised circular, possibly beaded border. There is evidence of gilding on the upper surface. The pin would have been aligned across the axis of the face. Very similar brooches on the database are BUC-58AFA4 and HAMP-44AF21. Most button brooches are found in Southern England. This seem to be the most northerly one recorded on the PAS database to date.

LVPL-846748: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the 5th and 6th centuries. Only the lower half remains, having broken below the bow. The base of the catchplate remains on the reverse. The brooch is slightly domed, being hollow on the reverse with a raised lip. The top end is uneven where it has broken and has a raised horizontal panel. Below this is a flattened rectangular section with two horizontal grooved lines in the centre. Next are two more raised horizontal panels. The terminal is zoomorphic in style. It has a two raised circular dots representing eyes. These are set inside a double X of grooved lines. At the very end there is a rounded widening of the brooch which represents the nostrils. Similar examples can be seen in the Ashmolean Museum catalogue (Macgregor and Bollick; no.12.4)

NCL-9ABAE0: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy great square-headed brooch of the 6th century. The brooch consists of only the bow and the centre of the headplate, with a gilded surface. The bow has raised edges and a central ridge, connected by U-shaped troughs. The raised borders along each side have three narrow strips separated by incised lines, the central strip decorated to create a beaded effect. The central ridge of the bow also has three strips, but each of these has beaded decoration. The centre of the bow has a domed boss, and there is a smaller domed boss centred on the left side border of the bow. Damage has removed the boss from the right side. The headplate is missing its frame and probably a second panel, but most of the inner panel remains, decorated with anthropomorphic features. Remains to either side of the bow may indicate the headplate frame was decorated with punched circles. The underside is undecorated, but retains the lugs for the hinged pin and traces of iron corrosion. Based on the bow decoration, the brooch may be a Hines Group XIV.

NARC-3BE437: BROOCH
Large cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. Early Medieval. 6th Century. Large square head with semi-circular lugs protruding from three edges. The lugshave two large circles with curved lines radiating from a curved border. These represent eyes and hair. The central square panel is plain. The bow has a central raised boss. The footplate is straight and vertical. A plain panel with side lugs and two circular depressions is follows by a straight section with horizontal ridges which appear to be filled with niello. Circular depressions with central raised dots represent eyes, followed by an upwardsly curving mouth and lugs which represent arms. The terminal is splayed out representing feet. The reverse is flat. A single lug hinge is central to the reverse of the square head plate. The Catchplate is almost complete, 18mm long, and is placed centrally to the middle side lugs. The break occurs just after the raised boss bow. The two halves fit together perfectly.

NARC-3BEED6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Early Mediveal. 6th Century AD. Almost complete. The head is rectangular (44mm wide, 25mm long) and split into three vertical panels. The central panel is slightly raised and is bordered by stamped dots and S-shapes. One knop protrudes from the centre of the upper and side edges. The knops are oval but with a narrow band across the centre. The bow is 20mm wide (the same wide as the central panel on the head) and curves outwards. The bow is broken horizontally 9mm from the head. The lower half fits together at the break but the edges are blunt, suggesting that it was broken in antiquity. The footplate has a flat panel, 16mm long, which tapers down. One side of the flat panel has a side lobe which is worn down but which was probably rectangular. The opposite side lobe is missing. stamped dots border the panel and side lobe. Two raised bands seperate the bow from the zoomorphic footplate. The head is almost diamond shaped, with two raised pellets suggesting eyes at the widest point. The footplate terminates in a wide circular area with two moulded concentric arches, representing nostrils. The reverse has the remains of a lug to hold the pin, which is now missing. The catchplate is situated at the back of the side-lobed panel and is 21mm long. Similar to examples in Hines, 1997, Plate 119.

NARC-3BF9E6: BROOCH
The inner panel of a cast copper alloy square headed brooch .Early Medieval. 6th Century. The headplate frame and the majority of the bow are missing. The beginning of the bow is present. the inner panel is rectangular with a raised border edge. A smaller central inner rectangle has moulded decoration of two 4-armed triskeles. Between the triskeles is an upside down depiction of a face. Between the outer and inner borders are a series of stamped dots. The reverse has the hinge lugs, but the spring and pin are missing.

NARC-3C0356: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy gilt Anglo-saxon square headed brooch. Early Medieval. 6th Century AD. Fragment of footplate of large square headed brooch. A diamond shaped inner panel outlined by a raised inwardly curving border. Stamped annulets around the inner border. Intricate inter-twining moulded decoration in the inner panel frame. One side-lobe remains. a small portion of the bow still present. The catchplate is fixed centrally on the reverse. It is 23mm long and only partially survives. Similar to Plate 35a in Hines, 1997.

NCL-68A842: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy ansate brooch of Weetch type VIII.A, dating to the Middle Saxon period, early 8th century The brooch is largely complete, missing only the pin and its hinged lugs and the catchplate. The brooch is symmetrical, with trefoil terminals and a bow that swells in the middle and is D-shaped in section. The trefoil terminals are formed by three arms that are oval-shaped in section and have rounded terminals. Compare YORYM-A0AA0D and LEIC-4F3D07.

ESS-D0FB96: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy small-long brooch, dating 475-525AD. The square headplate has a central ring and dot motif, and one in each corner. The short, shallow bow has a semi-circular cross section. The foot is rectangular with two horizontal mouldings at the base of the bow before a worn break. The reverse of the headplate has a single, semi-circular lug and there is a small folded catchplate on the reverse of the foot. It has a mid-green patina. The brooch is 31.21mm long. The headplate is 15.99mm wide, 14.23mm long, 2.45mm thick. The bow is 5.61mm wide, 3.40mm thick and 6.09mm deep. The brooch has a maximum thickness of 11.83mm, which includes the pin attachments on the reverse. It weighs 5.71 grams.

NARC-7AB8F1: BROOCH
Upper panel of Anglo-saxon square headed brooch. Elaborate decoration with garnet inlay. Decoration is a series of intraicately overlapping lines and dots. Some ring-dot decoration. Antropomorphic face.

YORYM-25E682: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy disc brooch of Early-Medieval date, Jansson type II A. The brooch is circular and domed with a slightly raised circumferential rim. The upper surface is decorated with a Borre-style design consisting of three cat-like animal heads facing into the centre of the brooch. On the reverse the remains of a double pin-lug and catch-plate project at parallel points on the edge of the brooch. Traces of iron corrosion within the pin-lug suggest the pin was made of iron. A third loop is also present on the reverse of the brooch mid-way between the catch-plate and the pin-lug, again on the edge. The metal has a mid reddish-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 25.2mm in diameter, 6.3mm thick and weighs 6.8g. A similar brooch is recorded on the PAS database as NMS-DFD1E7, in which the third loop is discussed as follows: The presence of a third loop on the reverse of the brooch was believed by Margeson (The Vikings in Norfolk, 1997, p. 21) to be "a sure sign of Scandinavian origin". Brooches of this type are widespread in Scandinavia, with a particular concentration at Birka (near Stockholm, Sweden).

NARC-44F803: BROOCH
Almost complete cruciform brooch. Early Medieval. 6th Century. Three circular lobes attached to a central square panel. The lobes are pierced in the centre. One lobe survives intact, the other two are broken through the pierced hole. The intact lobe is 9mm in diameter with a hole 2mm in diameter. The arched bow is 7mm wide leading to a vertical footplate. The footknob is globular. The reverse shows scars of the hinge lug and catchplate.

NARC-451960: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy terminal of Anglo-Saxon equal armed brooch. 5th to 6th Century AD. Moulded decoration. Sub-triangular terminal with an intricate swirl design, probably representing eyes. The pointed edge of the triangle has vertical lines either side of a circle. The bow is steeply curved and decorated with horizontal ridges. Only one terminal and 10mm of the bow is present. The bow is roughly square in section and 6mm wide. The terminal is 18mm from point to bow, and 21mm wide.

NARC-4525B3: BROOCH
Possibly the head of a small Anglo-saxon cruciform brooch. Copper alloy with heavy iron staning giving it a brown appearance. Early Medieval -6th Century AD. A square plain central plate with three lug extending from three edges. The bow begins to curve outwards before a horizontal break at 7mm. The reverse has two lug hinge to hold the spring and pin, now missing.

NARC-454167: BROOCH
Fragment of head of gilded anglo-saxon square headed brooch. Early Medieval. 6th century. Cast copper alloy with moulded decoration.

SUR-7011A1: BROOCH
An early Saxon short long brooch with a trefoil headplate around a central square. The headplate has D-shaped arms, two of which are missing, and two vertical lines of crescentic stamps. The bow is arched with facetted corners. The narrow footplate has two pairs of ridges. The remaining part of the spring is iron. The catchplate is missing.

HAMP-D30EE2: BROOCH
A worn and incomplete early Anglo-Saxon gilded copper-alloy saucer brooch, which has perhaps been reused as a mount or pendant. The brooch is circular, with a rough reverse that has the worn-away remains of a catchplate near a jagged broken edge. The front of the brooch is decorated with concentric rings; the centre is a plain raised disc within a larger flat disc. The has a double grooved ring border. The next concentric ring contains twelve running spirals, which is enclosed in a final outer incised ring border. The front has many patches of gilding. Opposite the broken edge is a pierced circular hole; the remains of a second can arguably be seen in the broken edge. These holes suggest a reuse of the object, rather than being part of the original design, as they cut into the decoration. Alternatively, as the holes are near the pin fixings, they may represent a repair. A number of similar brooches can be found in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 42-45), but none have the pierced holes.

NCL-E79A74: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy disc brooch of the late Early Medieval period, dating from the 10th century. The brooch has a border of incised lines with a central depiction of an animal possibly a stylised lion. The animal is left facing looking back with a raised tail. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of the hinge fitting and catch plate.

LEIC-4FEBE1: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy brooch terminal? 19mm long, 8mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 1.81grams. The object is rectangular in form and section which narrows towards one end and has a rounded upper surface. It is decorated with two or three raised bands which are seperated by three sets of two drilled circles. The object is either part of the foot plate of a cruciform or small long brooch, or is the lower part of a strap end.

NCL-BCDC55: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon brooch fragment, small long type. The brooch is made up of the bow and foot, with the head missing. The catchplate is mostly lost. The brooch is an elongated P-shape in section and rectangular in plan, tapering slightly towards the foot. The bow is carinated with notched corners while the foot bears 3 pairs of incised lines across its width. There are a few patches of green corrosion.

LEIC-CF0A57: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy small long brooch, 62mm long, 29mm wide and 11mm thick. The object is in good condition and weighs 8.86 grams. The object consists of a sub rectangular head plate which has three semi-spherial sectioned, semi-circular knops. There is a semi-circular lug attachment on its reverese and a curved bow emerges from one edge. Below the bow the object consists of a flat 'kite' shaped plate which houses the catchplate and is decorated with a border of stamped crescents, this terminates with a semi-spherical knop which matches the others.

LIN-E3D7E2: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch has a rectangular headplate with an elongated spur extending from the top. The headplate is undecorated and has a worn perimeter. The bow is arched, slightly faceted and undecorated. The foot is missing. There is a lug on the reverse.

SWYOR-CD5AC6: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Anglo-Saxon brooch; a small-long brooch dating from the 5th or 6th century. The head is a rectangular plate with circular indents in each corner making the head roughly cross-shaped. There is no visible decoration on the head plate. The bow has a flat plate at ecah end. They are decorated with two pairs of transverse groovs on each plate. There is also a central groove down the length of the bow. The flat panel at the top of the foot is decorated with another pair of transverse grooves. The half round panel in the middle of the foot has a wide groove across the middle, and a pair of transverse grooves on each thicker part. The terminal of the foot is a flat plate that flares slightly and has a slight thickening at the end. On the reverse of the headplate is a single lug for the pin which is missing. The catchplate behind the upper part of the foot is damaged. The brooch has a dark brown and green patina and is in good condition.

KENT-E27D35: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Early medieval equal armed brooch. It is a small rectangular section of the bow, which has linear decoration, both horizontal and verticle. It has a flat rectangular cross-section, and slightly curves. 500 - 600 AD. 28.76mm L x 11.25mm W x 2.02mm T 3.2g

SWYOR-FA08B1: BROOCH
Part of a copper-alloy annular, narrow-banded brooch dating from the Early Medieval period. It is circular in shape and flat rectangular in cross-section. A small area is narrowed where the pin would have been attached. This is flanked by incised grooves; four on one side, arranged in two groups of two, and three individual grooves on the other side. At the other surviving cardinal point are two further individual transverse grooves. There are also transverse scratches or file marks on the reverse. The brooch has a dark green patina. For reference see West's corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material from Suffolk p 227, figure 109.11. Similar brooches discussed in Walton Rogers 2007 are suggested to date from the early to mid 6th century (p. 116-117). Compare also SWYOR-C92118.

LEIC-E38482: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon small long brooch, head plate & part of bow remaining, with corroded remains of iron pin behind head. The object is 34mm long, 25mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 6.7g.

NMS-B277A0: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Middle to Late Saxon disc brooch of dating to the period c.AD 800 - 1000. The edge of the disc is heavily abraded. An old break has removed approximately 10% of the total along the upper edge. The front exhibits a zoomorphic motif consisting of a quadruped advancing left, its head turned back over its shoulder and a tail that curves upwards, terminating at an old break. Each foot divides into three or four claw-like projections. A series of triangular projections run from the top of the head, down the back of the neck to the front feet, possibly indicating pointed ears and a mane. The head, shoulder and hindquarters each exhibit a ring-and-dot motif. The edge of the plate exhibits an irregularly notched relief border. On the reverse are two stubs, the remains of the pierced pin lug. On the opposite edge, a rolled catchplate. An 8th - 9th century date range has been suggested, but a similar brooch found in an early 10th-century context in 16-22 Coppergate, York, gives the best archaeological date for the series (Roesdahl 1981: 75, 105).

NARC-5E9C51: BROOCH
Headplate of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch dating from the Early Medieval period (late 5th/early 6th century AD). The central headplate has three vertical panels and small wings on either side, each with a side knob projecting from them. A third knob projects from the top of the central plate. There is no evidence of decoration. The hinge is intact on the reverse but obscured by corrosion. The pin is missing.

LEIC-851052: BROOCH
~~Early medieval copper alloy and gold saucer brooch, 42mm in diameter and 4mm thick The brooch is in fair condition and weighs 10.76grams. The brooch is incomplete and quite worn, only part of the original steep sided edge remains. It is decorated with a circular design with what appears to be two very devolved animals seperated by an open rectangular motif. these curl around an open circle and are enclosed by a double linear border. There is a thick line of gold near one of its edges. Its reverse contains the very worn remians of a single lug and catchplate.

LEIC-4EAE27: BROOCH
Copper alloy Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch of 'cross potent' type with evidence of an iron pin. Two broadly similar examples have been found locally. The type seems to be relatively early but as one of the dating criteria is the form of the foor (here, missing) it is difficult to be at all precise. Maybe late 5th/early 6th century. Being recorded from an illustration on an identification record from 1987.

WAW-82C6D5: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy disc / plate brooch, probably of Anglo-Saxon date (7th to 9th Centuries AD). Less than 25% of the brooch is present, and consists of a small rim section of a plate style brooch. Part of the spring is present on the back of the fragment. The brooch fragment is irregular in plan and section. From the small section, it is possible to estimate the original rim diameter as 4 cm, with 17% present. It consists of a border, with a faint two strand guilloche (interlaced ropework) design. Each strand is double ply (split into two). The border area appears to have been made from a different copper alloy to the central design area, as it is dark green colour compared to a lighter mid green colour. The back of the plate is plain and undecorated. One of the copper alloy attachment lugs is present, and the remains of the coiled iron spring are present, wrapped around it. The majority of the brooch is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. However due to a minor degree of abrasion, the decorative detailing is hard to determine. It measures 15.84mm long, 11.23mm wide, and 9.14mm thick. The plate part is 1.80mm thick. It weighs 2.2 grams. The shape and style are broadly consistent with Early Medieval disc / plate brooches, but due to the size of the fragment and subtle decoration, it is hard to directly parallel this artefact. The faint guilloche (ropework) decoration around the edge is more indicative of Early Medieval dating. It is possible it could be a plate brooch of Roman dating.

SWYOR-114BB0: BROOCH
A copper alloy brooch decorated in a fusion of the Borre and Jellinge styles, possibly a Viking import, dating from 900-950 AD. The brooch is domed and in two parts; a flat backplate and a slightly domed, openwork front. The reverse carries the remains of a double mount for a hinged pin and a catch plate, together with an additional lug at right angles to the pin, which was probably perforated, but is also broken. The hinge and pin are also missing. The openwork upper portion is made up of a single profile beast with a thin, intertwined body, making a roughly triangular shape and with the hind leg gripping the foreleg. This body has a narrow groove or contour line running along each side for the full length of the beast. There is a central copper alloy rivet holding the two sections of the brooch together. There is no visible evidence of gilding: the brooch displays a dark brown patina. It is 32.1mm in diameter and 9.9mm thick. It weighs 13.32g. These brooches have been the subject of studies by Ingmar Jansson (1984), James Graham-Campbell (1985) and Jane Kershaw (2009). They come in two variants, of composite construction (as here) and of one-piece construction. In 1985 they were concentrated in Scandinavia, leading Graham-Campbell to suggest an East Scandinavian origin; by 2009 eleven were known from Britain. Another composite example can be found on the database at NCL-7E9EE5. An example of the type with one-piece construction can be found on the database at reference CAM-371E87.

SWYOR-4243E2: BROOCH
A late Early-Medieval cast copper alloy convex disc brooch. The brooch is circular and domed, hollow on the reverse. It is quite worn, and there are chips missing from the edge. There are no traces of gilding extant but there is a black layer on the surface which could indicate a white metal coating. The decoration appears to consist of Borre style knotwork (in the variant Terslev style) around a central cross pattee. There are four double-strand C-scrolls or volutes, all placed with their curving backs to the centre of the brooch. The scrolls interlace with a double-strand square. This is Kershaw's Terslev motif type I (2013, 70-71). On the reverse are an incomplete double pin-lug with no extant trace of a pin, a damaged catch-plate set at right-angles to the edge, and a similarly set and damaged loop for a pendant. The presence of a loop on the reverse of the brooch was believed by Sue Margeson (The Vikings in Norfolk (1997) p. 21) to be "a sure sign of Scandinavian origin." A 10th century date is likely.

BERK-A6EC93: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch dating from the 5th to 6th centuries AD. The brooch has an internal pattern of five running spirals around a central ring and dot design, all enclosed within a narrow circumferential border. The brooch has an integrally cast pin hinge and catch plate, and although the pin is missing, the lump of iron corrosion on the reverse indicates that the pin was made of iron. This was common practice. The rim of the saucer brooch is angular. Originally the brooch would have been gilded, but no trace of this survives on this example. Saucer brooches are associated with females, and they have their main focus in the Upper Thames Valley area. There are several comparable examples in the Ashmolean Museum from cemeteries in Abingdon, Fairford and Berinsfield.

BERK-A98971: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The brooch has a rectangular head plate, an arched bow that is rounded in front and hollow behind. There are several horzontal linear mouldings both top and bottom of the bow, with multiple horizontal lines under the arch down the bow to the foot of the brooch. The foot has an expanded pelta-shaped terminal. On the reverse of the brooch are the remains of the hinge mechanism and the ctachplate, both of which are damaged. The pin is also missing. This style of brooch dates from the 5th century through into the late 6th century AD.

LEIC-3DA2F7: BROOCH
Late Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. The brooch is being recorded from an illustration and is noted as being silvered, with the centre being gilded around the central knop. The illustration shows a zig zag border made up of two rows of triangles.

LEIC-4E5E85: BROOCH
This is the foot of an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The animal head design has very prominent eyes and the 'snout' is unusually broad and almost rectangular. Has been classified as Albergs Group II which makes this object from the early 6th century. Been recorded from an illustration on an identification record from 1989.

LEIC-4ECAE2: BROOCH
This is the head of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Late 5th century to early 6th century AD. The knob at the top is missing (drawing of complete brooch) The silver inlay is very unusual. The silver appears to fold over the break was threaded through a hole drilled in the lower part of the bow. The silver is crimped wire rather than coiled. Being recorded from an illustraion on an identification record from 1996.

LEIC-4F3D07: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy ansate brooch of Thorle Group VIII.A and Weetch type VIII.A. The brooch is rectangular in form and cross section. It has mirrored cruciform terminals, one of which is missing part of its central terminal. each part of this has rounded edges and is decorated with four ring in dot motifs, one on each arm and one centrally placed. Its slightly arched bow is plain except for a ridge running up its centre. The reverse of the two terminals house a transverse suspenion lug and a 'C' shaped hooked catchplate, Compare NCL-68A842 and YORYM-A0AA0D.

LEIC-518552: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, 32mm long, 8mm wide and 6mm thick, dating to the 5th or 6th century AD. The object is in fair condition and weighs 2.99g. It consists of the lower half of a cruciform or small long brooch which contains part of the curved bow and the upper part of the foot. The bow is worn and D-shaped or C-shaped in cross-section; the upper part of the foot has two squarish flat panels, one above the other, with perhaps bevelled edges or nicks in the edges. Below this are two broad transverse mouldings, then another flat area which appears to be the top of a terminal. There is no hint of a flare or an animal head to the terminal before the breaks at the bottom of the brooch. On the reverse is the catchplate, which runs from the base of the bow to behind the mouldings. This has lost its curl but is otherwise complete.

NMS-3AD6B5: BROOCH
Part of the bow of a Cruciform brooch, flat D-sectioned, at one end a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with two finely engraved transverse lines, in the centre a low square boss. Ancient breaks at both ends with some recent scuffing on the edges. Length >25mm. Width 21mm. The boss suggests Åberg 1926 Group IV.

SWYOR-6783B6: BROOCH
Probably the foot of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch, dating from the Early Medieval period (around 400-600AD), most likely of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is 35.1mm long, 16.5mm wide, 3.66mm thick and weighs 5.85gm. At the top of the foot is a flat panel, which would have been at the bottom of the bow. The panel is undecorated but incomplete. Below this is a raised square panel, decorated with an incised X. The foot of the brooch curves outwards (due to post depositional damage) and has a terminal decorated with two transverse ridges. The ridges make it appear as if there are four indentations decorating the terminal, two small ones above the top ridge and two larger ones above the bottom ridge. They could be seen as zoomorphic decoration taking the form of an animal snout, probably a horse's head. Compare with LEIC-4E5E85.

NARC-CC9516: BROOCH
A headplate and partial bow fragment of a Great Square headed brooch. This zoomorphic style fits into Hines' Group X. The headplate is approximately 70% intact, with a partial area of the headplate frame and the majority of the headplate second panel in place. Approximately 50% of the bow remains. On the headplate, the decoration appears upside-down from how the brooch would have been worn. The head pateframe depicts an animal head with rounded ears; solid, circular eyes; a square nose decorated with vertical lines; and circular nostrils below. This head appears to be feline. Below this head is an inverted U-shaped frame, with angled corners. This frame is 3mm wide and decorated with a sequence of raised dots. At the central area of this frame is a raised square red glass inlay measuring 7mm x 7mm. The remaining inner frame is decorated with a sequence of angular shapes. The remaining rectangular area between the U-shaped frame and the bow is filed by an anthropomorphic face, with a triangular nose and large round eyes. The bow is 24mm wide and is broken at approximately 15mm from the headplate. Two sub-rectangular inset areas are seperated by a central vertical ridge. towards the top of this vertical ridge is a raised circular bezel, which is 4mm in diameter, and which was probably inlaid with red glass similar to the square one above. The reverse is corroded and the copper alloy is splitting. Towards the lower area of the headplate are two vertical scars of the hinge mechanism. Some iron staining around these scars suggest an iron pin. Similar can be found in "A New Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Great Square Headed Brooches", (plate 35a), found at Broughton Lodge, with the exception that the Broughton Lodge example has noglass inlay/garnet in the headplate rather than the square one in our example. Helen Geake has identified that the brooch has been heat affected, hence its dark appearance and splitting on the reverese. This suggests that it may have been buried in association with a cremation burial.

LEIC-0EA8D3: BROOCH
A copper alloy zoomorphic terminal from an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The tip of the terminal is in the form of a flattened, almost circular 'snout'. Behind this the head broadens out slightly with two circular eyes at the lateral edges. Behind the eyes the head narrows again with two raised lateral bands across the neck. Behind this the terminal has a rough, patinated break. No traces remain of a pin or catchplate. The object is in fair condition, is 41mm long, 7mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 4.66g

LEIC-144FA7: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon copper alloy small long brooch, head plate & part of bow surviving with traces of corroded iron pin. Linear & Ring & dot decoration. The object is in fair condition, is 33mm long, 21mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 5.65g.

LEIC-3E7131: BROOCH
Foot of copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The object is in poor condition, is 45mm long, 24mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 11.81g.

ESS-4B9A42: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy small-long brooch. The brooch is damaged and incomplete with only the head and upper part of the bow surviving. The head is rectangular with three ring-and dot motifs. The reverse of the head has an integrally cast lug surrounded by iron corrosion from the (now missing) pin. The bow is arched and has a shallow triangular cross section. Weight: 6.1g Length: 25.14mm Width of head 17.93mm Width of bow 6.42mm.

WMID-DFD9B2: BROOCH
A cast gilded copper-alloy fragment of what may be an early medieval, Anglo-Saxon brooch or mount. The gilding and what appears to be chip carved decoration are, at any rate, suggestive of early medieval craftsmanship. It is possible that it is the top, bottom or the tip of the arms of an Anglo-Saxon bow brooch, although as the fragment is broken on three of its edges determining this with any certainty is difficult. The decorative field seems to consist of four elements, each set within the arms of a central cross. The design is geometric, with a quatrefoil with a ring and dot in each arm, in two diagonally opposing fields. The third field has a right angle which follows the line of the cross and three radiating crescents. The remaining, diagonally opposing, field is worn, although it seems likely it repeated the above design. The reverse is undecorated and there are no clear means of attachment. The object is clearly incomplete. It measures 27.75 mm long, 24.42 mm wide, 3.15 mm thick and weighs 7 grams.

NCL-F4A9D6: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating to the sixth century. The arched bow is all that remains, with the head plate and foot missing. The bow has faceted corners, convex in front and concave behind. The are breakage cracks at the bottom of the bow.

NCL-9D3486: BROOCH
A cast coppy-alloy foot fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating to the 6th century. The horsehead terminal of the foot is all that remains, from the collar below a panel. The horsehead has two protrusions serving as eyes or ears on the upper 'head', with a flat snout bearing a rounded now and flared nostrils, which appear as semi-circular projects to the sides of the snout with circular perforations rather than the hooked variety. An incised line runs down each side of the snout. The underside is flat with an oblong concavity on the underside of the snout. At the very top of the reverse, near the abraded break is the base of a catchplate.

NCL-9D4D54: BROOCH
A cast coppy-alloy head fragment of an Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch, dating to the late 5th-6th century. The head and bow of the brooch remain, though the pin and foot are missing. The head has a square plate, with softened corners. From each side and the top of the headplate are cast integral fan-shaped knobs. The reverse of the head has a centrally-placed single lug, incomplete, to take a hinged pin. The bow is gently carinated with worn, notched corners, below which is a double incised band at the top of the bow and a triple-incised band at the bottom of the bow. The bow also tapers in width from the top to the bottom where it connects with the foot.

NCL-A16CB5: BROOCH
A cast, copper-alloy oval brooch of Viking association, dating from the late 8th to the 10th century. The brooch is sub-circular/oval in plan, and domed. The brooch is decorated with five oval-shaped bosses with a collar and a circular collared boss at the peak of the dome. Between the bosses and near the lower edge are raised dots. The field in which these bosses are set also has moulded interlace or scroll decoration, but this is obscured by wear and corrosion. There is a lower border decorated with small concave circles. One edge has a sub-circular protrusion from one end, bearing another oval-shaped boss with collar. A second protrustion opposite this first one may be part of the pin mechanism, but damage makes this uncertain. There is a possible third protrusion set approximately 90 degrees from the other two, but again damage makes this uncertain. Part of the brooch is broken and missing. The remaining brooch has been well preserved and is a mixture of green and brown metal. For a parallel see Campbell-Graham, J. (1980) Viking Artefacts, London: British Museum, page 27, plate 108.

SWYOR-C8DC91: BROOCH
An incomplete cast, copper alloy Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) small-long brooch, dating to the 5th or 6th Century AD. It is 44.47mm long, 12.38mm wide, 13.63mm thick and weighs 6.14gm. The majority of the bow has broken off, but horizontal indented lines can be seen decorating the base of it. The foot of the brooch extends down from the bow until it flares out at the end. Between the bow and the foot is a raised area which is moulded, probably into zoomorphic heads. On the underside of the foot, just below the bow, is the catch plate. The brooch has a dark green patina and the breaks are patinated. Compare SF-EE56D1 and SWYOR-B8C944.

LEIC-AF2AD7: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy small long brooch, 32mm long, 18mm wide and 8mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 5.65grams. The object consists of the upper part of the brooch, incorporating a rectangular head plate which has two semi-circular lugs on the reverse which are encrusted with iron corrosion. Two semi circular wings are present, top and left and are seperated from the main plate by two incised lines. The upper part of the bow is intact and is decorated with a ridge flanked by two linear depressions, which runs down its centre.

WMID-30AF85: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy early-medieval Anglo Saxon small long brooch. The brooch is almost complete, lacking only its pin on the reverse. It suffers from corrosion however, and is encrusted as well as suffering from active bronze disease. The brooch has been cast in one piece and has a rectangular head above an arched bow. Below this arch in the bow there is a flat rectangular panel from which the catchplate projects on the reverse. This panel has a moulded horizontal collar at the top and a double moulded collar below. Below this the bow terminates in a sub-triangular foot. The pin mechanism is hinged and the corroded remains of the iron pin remain in the hinge on the reverse of the head. The active bronze disease on the brooch is confined to the front of the head, although much of the brooch is encrusted with a sandy matter, probably stuck to the brooch by the corrosion product. The brooch has a largely dark green patina. It is in need of conservation, and this is something that is being pursued by Duncan Slarke of Birmingham Museum. Small long brooches appear in the early 5th century and survive well into the 6th century. They were normally worn in pairs (Macgregor and Bolick 1993, pages 124-125). It weighs 11. 6 g, measures 60.09 mm in length, is 23.17 mm wide at the headplate and is 2.28 mm thick at the terminal.

HAMP-BE3786: BROOCH
A damaged and incomplete early-medieval (mid 5th- to 6th-century Anglo-Saxon) cast copper-alloy small-long brooch. It has a trefoilate head-plate, comprising a central square with semicircular arms on three sides. On the upper surface there are pairs of incisions delineating the recesses between the arms and the central plate. The pin lug has been lost on the lower surface. An off-centre hole (Dia.: 2.5mm) is presumably a repair: a means by which a replacement pin could be attached, perhaps through a ring or an ad hoc lug. One of the arms has been bent downwards slightly and there is a diagonal gouge on the upper surface of the central plate. The bow is with a faceted upper surface; it is humped in profile with a shallowly curved lower surface which would have left little room to gather material. The leg is moulded, with a transverse depression flanked by incised lines, beyond which a transverse ridge itself decorated with an incision. Beyond the ridge there appears to be an old break; the flared terminal beyond is seemingly missing. The lower surface of the leg has the slightly abraded remains of an integrally cast catch-plate, which is sub-triangular. Both the bow and leg have been twisted to one side as a result of old damage. The brooch now has a dark-green patina with some patches of lighter pitting. It brooch is similar to examples illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 142ff.).

BERK-D4C6D2: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy gilded Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch dating from the 5th - 6th centuries AD. The brooch is incomplete, retaining about two-thirds of the complete object. The catch plate and pin are missing, while part of the pin mount survives. The relief-cast decoration consists of a panel of four anti-clockwise animals in Salin's Style I, only three now visible in the surviving part of the brooch. Each animal comprises a profile, 'helmeted', head-surround with coiled nape at the neck, an eye, two cheek bars and a leg with clawed foot, bent up behind the back of the head. This design is surrounded by a nicked border ring and a flange decorated with punched triangles. A cast circular disc-headed stud is riveted through the centre of the brooch, partly obscuring the decoration underneath; on the reverse, the rivet lies flush with the surface of the brooch. Saucer brooches were particularly popular in the Upper Thames region and adjacent districts during the 5th and 6th centuries, and were probably manufactured there. This particular brooch may date from the earlier 6th century on the grounds of its Style I animal design. Less well produced examples of the main design are known from Gussage St Michael, Dorset (see Green, M. 2000: A Landscape Revealed: 10,000 Years on a Chalkland Farm (Tempus: Stroud), 139 and fig. 102a) and Alveston Manor (context 169 from ditch but probably from grave 2002/3, excavated by Warwickshire Museum Services). A similar design but with three animals is represented by a brooch from Kempston, Beds. (British Museum, Prehistory and Europe, 91,6-24,246) and another brooch on this database (WILT-E02833). The inserted disc-headed stud is unusual, however: while they occur on applied saucer brooches, most cast saucer brooches, including the parallels given here, have an integral central low boss or flat disc or sometimes an inlay or hole. Interestingly, among the rare parallels on cast saucer brooches is the brooch from Upton, Camb. (Dickinson, T. M. 1993: 'Early Anglo-Saxon saucer brooches: a preliminary overview', in W. Filmer-Sankey (ed.), Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 6, fig. 39), the fine Style I of which seems to be a significant precursor for a number of zoomorphic designs on saucer brooches, including this example from Fyfield Wick.

NCL-E69196: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast, copper-alloy cruciform brooch of 5th-6th century date. The fragment consists of the side- or topknob from the head of a cruciform brooch. The knob is half-round in section with a hollow back. The knob has 3 sections: a base collar that is trapezoidal in plan; the central body of the knob, sub-trapezoidal in plan; and a narrow spatulate/crescent terminal. The break at the base of the collar indicates the object was cast integral with the rest of the brooch, rather than made separately and attached.

LEIC-337967: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy small long brooch, 53mm long, 27mm wide and 13mm thick. The object is in good condition and weighs 7.08 grams. The brooch is almost intact, missing part of its head and the foot. It consists of a square head plate which has an incised border of two lines. From this emerge three 'semi circular' plates with two incised lines running across their centres, one of these is missing. The bow is pronounced and is decorated with a vertcial ridge containing incised linear decoration. This is contained by incised horizontal borders. The foot is almost complete and is decorated with a central horizontal band of two incised lines. Below this the start of the foot proper is marked by two slightly domed bands with a deep incision running horizontally across each. The brooch has snapped here. The brooch is very similar to 1677, fig 235 in Hattatt, R. A Visual catalogue. .

BERK-E94302: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch, dating from the mid 5th to mid 6th centuries AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing some of the rim, the pin and part of the catchplate. The brooch would have been gilded and has the common design of five running scrolled tendrils surrounding a central circle with a dot in the centre. All of this is bound by an outer concentric ring. This design and the brooch is very characteristic of the Upper Thames Valley.

GLO-FDF237: BROOCH
Penannular brooch, Overall the brooch is oval in plan with a curricular cross section frame and a small gap in between the terminal. The terminals are a moulded square shaped. In the centre of each of the terminal is a cross which is made up of four crescents arranged so their backs face the middle of the terminal This type of brooch corresponds with Fowlers Type G (1964, 107-109), with a suggested date range of the 6th and 7th centuries (Fowler, 1964, 117) and are though to be a Sub-Roman type

BUC-7A87F1: BROOCH
The slightly bent but full length cast copper alloy brooch pin. The ring would have allowed it to pivot on the hoop of a penannular brooch and is decorated with parallel lines and mouldings. The shaft is undecorated. For a complete example of one of these brooches from North Yorkshire, dated 410 - 600 AD, see NCL-A31A61

SWYOR-213050: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Medieval penannular brooch dating from the 6th or 7th century. It is circular in plan and in cross section. The terminals are moulded square and are decorated on the upper face with a recessed lozenge that contains 4 small raised dots. The frame of the brooch is decorated with 4 areas of transverse grooves, on the upper face only; each area has 6 incised lines. A small part of the pin survives. It is copper alloy and the loop is wide and flat. The brooch is silvered or tinned and has ferrous corrosion on the reverse. This is probably from lying next to an iron object in the ground at some point. It has a diameter of 25.03mm, thickness 8.93mm, weight 8.27g. This type of brooch corresponds with Fowlers Type G (1964, 107-109), with a suggested date range of the 6th and 7th centuries (Fowler, 1964, 117) and are thought to be a Sub-Roman type. A similar example is GLO-FDF237.

LEIC-3303B4: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch foot, 33mm long, 8mm wide and 8mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 3.63grams. The brooch is sub rectangular in form and section and has worn sides. It surface contains two evenly spaced raised rectangles. These are decorated with three horizontal incised lines each. At the top of the object it curves outwards forming the base of the bow. The back contains a catchplate c. 20mm long which is damaged. The object matches eg1301, fig 231 in Hattatt, R. 'a visual catalogue'.

LEIC-332E17: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, 21mm long, 20mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 3.21grams. The brooch is sub triangular in form and rectangular in section with a protruding, corroded pin attachment. Its surface has many damaged areas but it has two clear intact edges which a crescentic in form and whose alignment give the object a T shape. Its surface is decorated with dot and ring decoration, four are visible also aligned in a T shape. The reverse holds the corroded remains of a pin attachment, but it is too damaged to say what form this takes. The object is probably the trefoil shaped head of a small long brooch similar to Hattatt 677, fig 235.

LIN-C6AF67: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, circa 6th century. The brooch has a rectangular headplate divided into three smaller rectangular panels. The two flanking panels contain a small recessed dot in the upper half. The lower inner corner of these panels are notched. At the top of the brooch is a flat half-rounded knop with a dot in the centre. A similar knop is also seen on the lower edge of side of both flanking panels. The bow is short, arched, faceted and has a deep chanel down the centre. To either side is a recessed dot. There is a narrow transverse collar beneath the bow. The foot is incomplete. There is a single pin lug and catchplate on the reverse.

NCL-328534: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast copper-alloy annular brooch of the Early Medieval period, c. 500-700. The fragment is approximately one quarter of a complete brooch, flat and rectangular in section. Both ends are broken and only somewhat abraded, suggesting breakage due to modern agricultrual practices. There are four incised lines across the breadth of the brooch, and traces of a pair of incised lines in the area of a break, suggesting a fairly regular pattern of decoration.

NCL-33F414: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy annular brooch Anglo-Saxon tradition dating to the 6th century. The brooch is largely complete, missing only its pin. It is sub-circular in plan and rectangular in section. The surface of the brooch is decorated with punched circles set inside the inner and outer edges of the hoop. A sub-square perforation containing iron corrosion indicates the place and form of the iron hinge-pin. The underside is undecorated.

SWYOR-482F38: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Early Medieval cruciform brooch dating from the 5th or 6th century. It is 30.5mm long, 21.9mm wide and 5.8mm thick. It weighs 7.42gm. Only part of the foot of the brooch survives. It has a fairly flat panel at the top, just part of which survives. Then there is a raised section decorated with transverse mouldings. Beneath this is the horse head terminal. It has protruding eyes but the rest is missing. The reverse of the foot is hollow. There is the remains of a copper alloy catchplate. The brooch has a patchy dark green patina and the breaks are patinated. The brooch is narrower than other examples from the same area, and may be a Narrow Cruciform brooch dating from the 5th century.

SWYOR-484A51: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Early Medieval cruciform brooch dating from the 5th or 6th century. It is 28.9mm long, 18.5mm wide and 6.1mm thick. It weighs 9.76gm. Only part of the foot of the brooch survives. It has a flat panel at the top, just part of which survives. Then there is a raised section decorated with transverse mouldings. Beneath this is the horse head terminal. It has protruding eyes but the rest is missing. The reverse of the foot is slightly hollow. There is the remains of a copper alloy catchplate. The brooch has a pitted grey patina and the breaks are patinated.

SUR-7E30F2: BROOCH
An ansate, or equal-ended, brooch of middle to late Saxon date and complete save for the missing iron pin. The brooch has an arched bow and flat rounded terminals, both of which bear a cross within a circle. The designs are both crudely engraved. This brooch belongs to Weetch's type II.Aiii, disc-shaped terminals with engraved geometric ornament. The type is dated from the 8th to the 10th centuries (Weetch 2013, 144).

NMS-3AEB97: BROOCH
Annular brooch in two fragments, about two-thirds extant, recent breaks. The surfaces are largely obscured by corrosion products, but a median line of stamped annulets is visible over a short length. External diameter c. 47mm. Width of hoop 7mm. Thickness 1.5mm.

WMID-AE6D12: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Only the upper part of the head remains, consisting of three worn shovel-shaped wings, one at the top of the head, the other two to either side of the head. The central square plate of the plate is decorated with a series of double inverted V's giving the appearance of arrows. The regularity of these motifs makes it likely that they were punched rather than inscised. This decoration runs around the central square plate and there is also a line of the same type of decoration which runs across the widest part of each wing, though on each wing the decoration is reversed, with the point of each 'v' facing in towards the central plate. On the reverse there is the remains of a lug for attachment of the pin, though this is broken. The brooch fragment has a dark green to brown patina with areas of a brighter green where the surface has deteriorated through copper-alloy corrosion. The remains of the brooch measure 19.9 mm long (from the break to the top of the head) and 37.1 mm wide (across the wings). It is 2.6 mm thick and weighs 5.8 grams.

DUR-12BE53: BROOCH
Copper alloy foot of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating from the 5-6th centuries. Only the foot remains, having broken just aboe the horse-head terminal. The broken end is uneven and has the half-round panel at the top. The eyes are raised circles inside hollows on each side below this panel. Next there are two grooved lines running the length of the terminal which widen at the bottom to mark the spatulate extension. On either side are the nostrils which are circular, with spiral decoration.

DUR-A925A0: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy part of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating to the 5-6th centuries. It is the lower part of the brooch with just the bow and top of the foot remaining, the head and bottom of the foot missing. The bow is humped and facetted, being hollow on the reverse. The upper part of the foot has a flat rectangular panel with a lappet on each side. The panel is decorated with a vertical row of five ring-and-dot motifs on each side. The left-hand lappet is slight larger than the right-hand one. They are sub-rectangular with a rounded upper corner. Their decoration has been cast integrally and is in an abstract form. Below the flat panel are two raised half-round panels leading into what would have been a horse-head terminal. The round eyes, on either edge of the foot can just be seen but the rest has broken off. This section of the foot is slightly domed and hollow on the reverse. The catchplate is broken but part remains and it is behind the flat panel.

LIN-3D88E5: BROOCH
A copper alloy ansate brooch of Thörle (2001) Gruppe IIA 1c type, dating to the middle Saxon period. The brooch has a central arched bow, triangular in cross-section and undecorated, with a flat circular plate at either end. Both plates are decorated with an incised cross. One the reverse of one plate are two lugs for the pin, and on the reverse of the other is a catchplate. The pin is missing.

LIN-114771: BROOCH
A copper alloy crucform brooch dating to the Anglo-Saxon period, circa AD 500-600. The brooch has a narrow rectangular head with a narrower rectangular wing to either side. At the top is an integral fully-rounded knop. The bow is arched and faceted in each corner. Transverse grooves define the top and bottom of a rectangular panel located beneath the bow. The terminal is in the form of an animal head. A lug for the pin is located behind the headplate. A catchplate is located behind the rectangular panel below the bow. The pin is missing.

LIN-7A09D0: BROOCH
Fragment of an early Anglo-Saxon brooch, probably a Great Square Headed brooch. The fragment is from the snout of an animal head located on the foot or lappet of the brooch. The snout is scroll-shaped and has been gilded.

KENT-8EC241: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Anglo Saxon brooch. This is a cruciform brooch, of which only the head and part of the bow remain. The head is sub cruciform in shape, with notched corners. There is the remains of a lug on the back, and some corroded iron. The head is decorated with simple engraved lines around the edges. the bow is curved, and has a D-shaped cross section. There is a linear groove vertical down the center of the bow. Apart from being incomplete, it is in good condition. Brooches of this type usually date to the 6th century in Kent. A similar brooch can be seen KENT-B10BC5. Hattatt 2000 p376 no 674 33.44mm x 20.70mm 10.71g

LIN-EE1025: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the Anglo-Saxon period. The head is flat, crescentric and has two lugs on the reverse to hold a spring. The head is worn and there is feint ring and dot motifs around the perimeter. The bow is short, arched and broken at the base.

NCL-42D526: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch of the Early Medieval period, 5th-6th century in date. The brooch is incomplete, with only the head and bow remaining. The headplate is incomplete, but is of a form seen in numerous examples in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 135-137), with a sub-square plate with circular perforations near the upper outer corners. The side edges of the headplate are worn, but there is no evidence of notching along the lower edge. Stamped linear decoration is found running vertically set 3mm in from the side edges. The decoration consists of small rectangular panels (in a ladder-effect) with punched circles set inside. The bow is carinated with projecting corners. The spine of the bow is decorated with parallel incised lines connected by small incised lines set at an angle, creating a corded effect. The underside of the headplate retains the base of a lug for a hinge pin with minor traces of iorn corrosion to one side.

HAMP-E25D96: BROOCH
A slightly corroded and damaged cast copper-alloy late early-medieval cloisonné disc brooch (Late Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Scandinavian: late 10th/11th century AD). The brooch consists of a raised circular centrepiece (Dia.: 17.1mm) which is set into a raised collar soldered onto a circular plate from which seven equally spaced integral lobes would have emerged. Seven lobes is a common number for such 'Saunderton' type cloisonné disc brooches (Buckton 1986, 15). On this brooch four lobes have been all but destroyed, while two more are abraded at their tips. These latter flank a lobe that survives more or less intact. The relatively intact lobe has a dark blue glass sphere attached to the front and it is probable there were similar spheres on all the other lugs. Within the centrepiece the main ground for the enamel design is also dark blue. Set within cells defined by copper wire, the design broadly consists of a central heart shape itself formed of two green segments moulded around a central pellet in a lighter blue than the background. Above the heart is a yellow teardrop that sits just within the circumference and nestles in the depression at the top of the heart. Below the base of the heart is an inverted T-shaped segment in white. This white segment has lost some of its enamel, as have the left hand green heart segment and the dark blue background in the mid- and upper-right field. The centrepiece is broadly aligned to an uppermost lug which, in turn, is aligned to the attachment mechanism on the back. The back has two pairs of horizontally aligned tabs, one each near the upper and lower edge. The tabs that are the vestiges of the pin lugs appear to be uppermost with the catch-plate tabs only surviving in part at the base. Traces of gilt survive all over the object whose metal has corroded to a mid-green colour. The motifs used on such brooches are highly variable and most are unique within the current corpus; however the use of heart shaped, T-shaped and piriform segments and a dark blue background, as on this example, are common.

SUR-E50DB8: BROOCH
A circular plate brooch of early medieval date, now very worn. The brooch has a circular central aperture but no decoration is now visible. On the back survive the stubs of both hinge and catchplate.

BERK-72DAE0: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy saucer brooch of Early-Medieval/Anglo-Saxon date. The brooch is missing most of its outer circumference and its entire angled rim; stylistically, the brooch is decorated with a raised central boss surrounded by an irregular circle, further enclosed by a five-pointed star formed of double concaved arcs and a border of three concentric circles with a wavy/ zig-zag band between the outer two. All of this decoration is gilded. Only a small area of the outer rim band survives, and this has been drilled from front-to-back, probably to enable the broken brooch to hang as a pendant. On the reverse, only a small section of each the catchplate and pin hinge survives. Small areas of silver suggest that the brooch was silvered or tinned on the reverse. It is unclear if the brooch suffered damage to its outer rim before it was transformed into a pendant, or if most of the rim was removed to do so; the outer edge is rough and is possibly clipped around the edge of the outermost area of decoration suggesting modification of the brooch. It is not possible to offer a date for the period of reuse. Similar drilled holes on other saucer brooches (such as SF-EB7350, SUSS-5C6A12, LEIC-79FEA2, ESS-870033) are interpreted as repairs, but there is no obvious need for a repair such as this, on the rim, well away from the pin fixings. This saucer brooch is very similar to examples from Oxfordshire published by the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (MacGregor and Bolick, 1993:46-47 nos. 2.21-2.23). All three of these examples were excavated from female graves. Broadly speaking, saucer brooches are focused on the Upper Thames region and belong largely to the fifth and sixth centuries AD.

NLM-8AAF22: BROOCH
Copper alloy Brooch fragment. Cast foot of a cruciform brooch with rounded terminal beneath zoomorphic horse head motif; the latter lies below a doubled collar moulding and a flat zone with a further three lightly incised horizontal lines. The stub of a catch-plate occurs on the back, behind the collar mouldings and horizontal lines; the back of the terminal is indented. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: 38.7mm, Width: 14.8mm, Thickness: 4.4mm, Weight: 6.84gms.

SUR-E4C7A8: BROOCH
An early Saxon disc brooch with a central ring and dot and peripheral circle of eight rings and dots. The surface is tinned.

LEIC-AFFEB8: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) lead alloy disc brooch, 29mm long, 27mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 8.5grams. The object represents about a quarter of a circular brooch, including its catchplate which is 3mm thick. Its surface is decorated with a series of five concentric circles which surround a raised cross and pellets. The reverse has the now squashed remnants of two fixing loops/lugs aligned and right angles to the edge. The object is very similar to examples from Coppergate in York, particularly 10602, fig 1268, page 2573, YAT17/14.

DEV-E80261: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon/Early Medieval copper-alloy small-long brooch. The sub-rectangular headplate and sub-triangular foot both contain two circular rivet holes. A parallel-sided bow links the head and foot, its upper surface decorated by a series of longitudinal ridges.

SWYOR-144F22: BROOCH
A fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch dating to the late fifth or sixth century. Only part of the zoomorphic foot survives. In cross-section the fragment is arched and broken at either end. At one end are two raised triangular areas, one in each corner. The main part of the foot is covered with a series of transverse ribs. Near the other end, a concave area is decorated with four circular depressions. The concave area is divided from another by a raised transverse ridge with a central transverse groove. The second concave area is by the break and only half (?) survives. It contains two similar circular depressions. The patina is green and the breaks are very worn. Compare LIN-E03E50.

LEIC-8FEB07: BROOCH
Fragment of early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, consisting of most of the headplate, 27mm long, 24mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 5.41g. The headplate is rectangular with the remains of a raised central panel which flares downwards, and flattened wings. The upper edge has an unusual integrally cast tall conical top knob which sits on a semi-circular base. There is a wide waist above the base and a smaller groove further up. Both side knobs and the edges of the wings are missing. The reverse contains a single pin bar lug, which is damaged (broken through the perforation). There are patches of a dark grey patina over the front and reverse.

SWYOR-FAEE78: BROOCH
An incomplete Late Early Medieval copper alloy brooch, probably a Scandinavian trefoil brooch dating from about 850-950 AD. The fragment is sub rectangular in shape with a rounded complete end and the other end broken. It is probably the end of one arm of a trefoil brooch. The front of the brooch shows traces of a relief decoration whose exact nature can not be identified due to corrosion. The reverse is undecorated but has two sub rectangular rounded lugs towards the smaller end. Rivet holes are still visible in the lugs but have been filled with soil. They would have supported an axis bar from which the pin of the brooch would have hinged. The brooch has a patchy medium green and light red patina, a colour often associated with Early Medieval objects. Length: 14.2mm; Width: 14.1mm; Thickness: 7.88mm; Weight: 2.9g. Other examples on the database are NMS-1E0981, NMS-F39D73 and LEIC-BD8163 which cites DENO-E9A0F5. LEIC-BD8163 also notes that the brooch may be a type which is paralleled in Southern Scandinavia and was common throughout the Danelaw (Leahy, K.A. and Paterson, C. 2001, New light on the Viking Presence in Lincolnshire in 'Vikings and the Danelaw' Graham -Campbell et al 2001).

NMS-18B055: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Saxon small-long brooch, with the base of the bow and footplate missing (break not ancient), edges scuffed, some surface pitting but otherwise unabraded. There are triangular stamped impressions along the top and sides of the headplate. There are side notches and two transverse engraved lines on the rectangular panel forming facets at the top of the flattened D-sectioned bow, which is decorated with a median groove. Set in a perforation through the single pin lug on the reverse is a short length (7mm) of copper alloy square-sectioned (2mm) wire. Length >34mm. Width 20.5mm. Leeds 1945 cross pattée derivative group C. It dates from the end of the 5th-beginning of the 6th century.

WMID-3CA8B1: BROOCH
A gilded copper-alloy cloisonné brooch dating from the late Early Medieval period. The brooch is incomplete but is clearly of a type of cloisonné enamel brooch that was popular in England during the late tenth and early eleventh centuries AD. As it is incomplete it is a little difficult to determine for certain whether it falls within the flanged 'Colchester' type or the the lobed 'Saunderton' type of brooch (as distinguised by David Buckton in 'Late 10th and IIth century cloisonné enamel brooches' Medieval Archaeol 30, 1986, 8-18). The flat reverse and the damaged edges, which perhaps retain the remnants of projecting lobes, suggest that it is of the latter type. Traces of gilding remain on the front and reverse of the brooch. The remnants of the hinge and catchplate are visible on the reverse although both are broken and only the lugs remain. They are not clearly orientated with respect to the enameled design on the front. What remains of the gilded copper-alloy plate measures 18.4 mm in diameter and 4.11 mm thick. The enamel centre piece measures 15 mm in diameter. The object weighs 2.9 grams. The cloisonné enameled centre piece is contained by a low thin gilded copper-alloy collar. Although damaged and incomplete the design is discernable as having four rough double step cells of dark blue spaced out around its perimeter, leaving a wavy equal-armed cross in the centre, executed in opaque pale blue. Similar examples of this type of double step/cross design are illustrated in Buckton 1986, Figs 4.11 and 5.14. and in ESS-BD2421 and NLM-4EF8E5 recorded on this database. Buckton describes the double step motif as 'a Leitmotiv of Middle Byzantine and Ottonian cloisonné enamel, starting with the reliquary of the True Cross made in Constantinople, probably between 963 and 985, and now in the cathedral treasury at Limburg an der Lahn and, in the West, with the so-called first Mathilde cross, made between 973 and 982, in the cathedral treasury at Essen' (Buckton 1986, 16). He goes on to note how 'even though the motif had had a longer tradition in other media, its appearance in English cloisonné enamel is difficult to relate to anything other than Byzantine or Ottonian enamel of the last third of the 10th century and the first half of the 11th' (Buckton 1986, 16).

NMS-B931B0: BROOCH
An Early Saxon small-long brooch , footplate missing, old break, some edge to headplate. Two grooves mark each junction of panel and arms, the edges of which are decorated with stamped half-annulets. Rectangular panels forming facets at top and base of bow. Single transverse groove on both panels. Bow hollow-backed and with sharp median arris. Single pin lug on reverse part obscured by remains of iron spring. Length >35mm. Width 25.5mm. Leeds 1945 trefoil-headed type. End of 5th - beginning of 6th century.

NMS-BAD8C0: BROOCH
The headplate and upper end of bow of an Early Saxon copper alloy small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 cross potent type in abraded condition. Vertical groove on both side arms. Only the rectangular panel at the top of the bow is extant. It is decorated with a single transverse groove. Incomplete single pin lug on reverse. Headplate width 32.5mm. Bow width 12mm. Late 5th century.

NMS-C078A2: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon cruciform brooch, very corroded with erupting bronze disease, broken at base of mostly missing bow, most of detail missing, remains of D-sectioned moulding at animal-head terminal with projecting eyes, triangular-sectioned snout, terminal missing, vertical scar from missing catch-plate on reverse. >12 x >59mm. Ancient breaks. Late 5th-early 6th century.

Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch fragment, 42mm long, 9mm wide and 9mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 8.41grams. The object consists of the catchplate area of the brooch which begins at the base of the bow (the curve is just visible). The object is rectangular in form and sub circular in section. The front of the object is decorated with two raised rounded ridges sitting just above its centre. Below this is an extremely sylised animal head, consisting of two rounded protrusions sitting below a recessed chevron. below this is the trace of a snout and the object narrows towards its missing edge. The catchplate is present but incomplete and takes up half of the reverse.

NMS-3AC882: BROOCH
Headplate and most of the bow of a probably Cruciform brooch with cast-in-one half-round waisted side knobs. Most of the front surface is obscured by corrosion products and no fine detail of decoration is visible. The knobs project beyond the surface of the headplate. There is a central panel on the headplate and the bow is D-sectioned with a rectangular panel forming facets at the top. The break across the base is fresh, as are small areas of scuffing and chipping around the edge of the headplate. On the reverse the spring and pin are missing, but there are traces of iron around the single pin lug. A patch of textile adheres to the front of the headplate. Length >43mm. Width 44.5mm. If Cruciform then Åberg 1926 Group II and Reichstein 1975 Typ Midlum.

NMS-3B3507: BROOCH
Penannular brooch with hoop of sub-circular to lozengiform section. Distorted into an oval. Estimated external diameter c. 30mm. Diameter of hoop 2.5 -2.8mm. Fowler 1960 Type C.

SWYOR-500E27: BROOCH
An Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon copper alloy side knob from a florid cruciform brooch, with Salin Style I decoration. The object is roughly sub rectangular but tapers at one end. The narrower end has a double collar across the end, which is an old break. Helen Geake comments that the object "seems to be a side knob that has been broken off and re-attached - or at any rate, it is something that has been attached to a florid cruciform to make a replacement side knob". The plate is decorated with two chip carved zoomorphic designs, one on each edge of the plate, and mirroring each other. They are animals in profile and have a possible head with curved beaks at the wider end (making them birds of prey), and two legs on each animal curling around at the outer edge. This makes them quadrupeds with bird heads - an unusual but not unprecedented combination according to Helen Geake. The body is in two curved blocks. The neck and possible upper body have a groove running along them, but the other blocks (possible legs or body) do not. In between these forms at the narrow end of the plate is a anthropomorphic mask. The human face has bulbous protruding eyes, a triangular nose and a long curling moustache. It is best viewed with the narrow end uppermost, whereas the animals are best seen with the plate on its side. In the centre of the plate between the chip-carved decoration is a plain area decorated with eight triangles containing small pellets punched in a row running along the length of the object. In the forehead of the human mask is a single central copper alloy rivet which attaches the decorated plate to a smaller plain plate on the back of the object. The rivet is flush with the front and the back surfaces. The back plate is sub rectangular in form and has been broken. It projects beyond the narrow end of the decorated plate and is angled to one side. It has a slot cut in the projecting end which ends at the start of the front plate at a thickened area on the back plate. The back plate on one side of the slot is missing, but the other side survives for a short length but is broken at the end. It contains a circular hole.This would have held the pin bar of the brooch. On the reverse of the decorated plate at the wide end are two circular depressions, one in each corner behind the zoomorphic heads. These do not appear to have even been attachment holes. Both the plates have a green patina. Length: 51.7mm; Width: 31.4mm; Thickness: 6mm; Weight: 20.08g Toby Martin also comments: "This is not a cruciform brooch side-knob, it is in fact something a bit more interesting. This is a good example of a brooch repair. It is the foot of a cruciform brooch (Leeds great square-headed brooch group C2, now included instead as part of the cruciform brooch series, my type 4.3.1). It has snapped off and been re-attached to the body with a copper-alloy plate and two copper-alloy rivets. This is a typical repair, and there are a number of very similar examples. The ridges on the reverse of the repair plate are quite intriguing, and it looks like it may even be a plate salvaged from some other object - could they be the remains of a filed down lug from the reverse of a head-plate perhaps? It's difficult to make out from the photo. All the same, this is an exceptionally nice example of a cruciform brooch type typical of the north, the ornament is especially fine. The quadrupeds with beaks are indeed quite rare, and (as far as the cruciform brooch series is concerned) are only found on this particular type, or similar versions of it."

WMID-60E178: BROOCH
A copper-alloy fragment from what is just possibly an early medieval, Anglo-Saxon brooch. The fragment is possibly a terminal from a bow brooch, although given that it is such a small fragment this is somewhat speculative. One side of the broken rectangular shaped object has moulded decoration comprising two circles (or rings), side by side, whilst part of a third circle is visible below and between the others at the break. The fragment measures 30.47 mm long, 19.81 mm wide, 2.38 mm thick and weighs 4.4 grams. The fragement has a dark green patina on the reverse and on much of the front, although areas of brown colouration are perhaps the remains of a mercury/gold amalgam for gilding.

WMID-675004: BROOCH
A small fragment of what is probably an early medieval Anglo-Saxon brooch, probably of Great Square Headed type. As such, it probably dates to the sixth century AD. The fragment is copper-alloy with heavily encrusted ferrous corrosion on the reverse, probably relating to the pin mechanism. The front is decorated with engraved decoration comprising two groups of concentric rings either side of a 'T' shaped wedge. This wedge also includes a raised circular boss, probably integrally cast, within an oval setting. Further possible settings are situated above and below the 'T'. Gilding remains on much of the front face of the fragment. The fragment measures 18.63 mm long, 14.12 mm wide, 5.23 mm thick and weighs 2.3 grams.

NARC-7A6324: BROOCH
The head and bow of a cast copper alloy Small Square-Headed brooch. 6th century AD. The headplate is rectangular, 35mm wide and 24mm long. The bow is 15mm wide and 22mm long, beginning inside the headplate. A small corner of the footplate remains attached to the left of the bow. The bow has a vertical central ridge and a central raised circular boss, which is obscured due to corrosion. The headplate and bow feature Style I decoration in relief. The headplate inner panel has a wide undecorated flat-topped ridge, followed by a narrower undecorated flat topped ridge. This is in turn followed by a 'guilloche' motif, i.e., three interlaced loops or circles, giving the effect of a three-looped figure-of-eight set on a horizontal axis. The headplate frame is completely filled with disjointed and stylised beasts, with three 'beaks' at the top, and 'legs', or claws, at each side. There is a further flat-topped ridge around the very edge, with a small section now missing at one corner. This is an old break. This ridge continues along to the corners of the bow and then turns upwards to form the frame of the headplate inner panel. . Gilding survives in the lower areas of the relief decoration. This gilding potentially continiued onto the raised areas of the relief, but is now worn away and dificult to determine with certainty. Four symetrical geometric designs surround the central boss on the bow. The reverse of the headplate has two vertical lugs. A horizontal iron bar is still in place between the lugs, which indicates that the pin was iron. Alternatively, this may be a small example of a great square-headed brooch; compare one from Fordham, Cambs (Hines 1997, pl. 93b).

WMID-CBDE40: BROOCH
A copper-alloy brooch pin, probably from a penannular brooch of early medieval date. It is possibly from a Fowler Type F brooch, although the absence of the brooch itself makes this speculative. The pin is bent, particularly at the pointed end where it is bent almost at a right angle. In its bent form the pin measures 67.76 mm long. The pin is oval in section and tapers from 2.62 mm thick just below the head to 1.2 mm at the tip of its point. The pin widens and becomes thinner at the head and is curled over for attachment to the brooch frame. At the head it measures 8.99 mm wide. It is broken, mishapen and incomplete at this end. A central rib runs down the head to turn into the pin shank and the sides of the head are raised, creating a groove either side of the central rib. It is largely the form of this head that is suggestive of an early medieval date for the brooch pin, although this cannot be regarded as certain in absence of the rest of the brooch. Much of the surface patina of the pin is missing although where it survives it is a dark green, almost black in colour. What might at first glance appear to be gilding on the brooch is actually more likely to be the effect of accidental polishing during movement against hard objects in the ground, as this shiny surface occurs under the green/black patina where it survives.

LEIC-CC20B1: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy small long? brooch, 66mm long, 19mm wide and 2mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition and weighs 11.77grams. The brooch has an unsual form but seems to fit the small long class rather than cruciform. It has a sub rectangular head plate which appears to be missing its top corners. This has traces of punched circular recesses on its surface. Below this is a very small shallow bow which is sub oval in section. The foot plate is large and is in the form of a very stylised animal head. It has two punched eyes which sit inside sub tri-angular protrusions on each side and it has a long snout with a flared triangular base. There are further possible punched recesses on the snot and possibly the bow? It has a catchplate just below the bow, which is incomplete.

NMS-CCC0B2: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Saxon Cruciform brooch, facetted bow with three engraved lines along arris, one end broken where head-plate missing, two transverse engraved lines on panel at junction with leg, reading from bow to foot rectangular panel with three transverse lines, panel with recessed chamfered sides, and convex panel with twin bordering ribs at springing of animal-head with twin engraved lines forming a chevron above projecting eyes and similarly engraved lines forming chevron on rounded snout or muzzle, damaged catch-plate on reverse. It measures >14 x >59mm. Ancient breaks. Late 5th century.

NMS-CDA2A2: BROOCH
Early Saxon elaborate cast openwork side-knob (>21 x 28mm) from Florid cruciform brooch, mask with prominent eyes and nose, flanked by two inward-facing beaked heads, broken tinned spatulate projection at middle of outside edge of plate. Two transverse perforated lugs for hinge pin on flat reverse. Leeds and Pocock (1971) Group V. Late 6th/early 7th century.

LEIC-E162C4: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy brooch foot, 27mm long, 9mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 3.97grams. It consists of a sub rectangular plate with a rounded terminal, which is decorated to represent an animal head. It has two raised sub triangular knops for eyes which sit above two chevron shaped incised lines with the upper end bordered by a double raised collar.

LEIC-4AC8A1: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy small-long brooch headplate, 28mm long, 27mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 6.80grams. The object consists of a rectangular plate with three sub rectangular protrusions. The surface is worn but appears plain. The start of a plain curved bow emerges from one edge and the reverse holds an incomplete semi-circular lug in its centre.

LEIC-4B3205: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy florid cruciform brooch fragment, 29mm long, 28mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 10.93grams. The object consists of a rectangular plate and lappets which sits below the bow, near the foot. It has a central incised dot and ring motif, which is bordered on two sides by rows of crescents surrounding dots. Beyond this each side has fragments of chip carved lappets. The one to the left being mostly complete with a semi-circular form and small linear protrusion. Above this the brooch turns to form the base of the bow and this is bordered by two horizontal linear depressions sitting above a triangular nick in each side. Below, the plate is bordered by at least three horizontal incised lines. The reverse contains an integral catchplate, which on one side has a large area of iron staining and a fragment of iron pin attached.

NMS-608E71: BROOCH
Fragment of the footplate of an Early Saxon cruciform brooch broken at both ends and slightly affected by fire, base of half-round moulding and protruding eyes of animal head. Length 23mm. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-60A394: BROOCH
Early Saxon cruciform brooch of Åberg Group IV in two pieces found some distance apart, broken just below the top of the bow. The cast-in-one half-round knobs are waisted, each with the outer part longitudinally divided by a broad flute between a pair of grooves and the inner part decorated with three transverse grooves. The headplate wings are decorated carry lines of double concentric half-annulet stamps along the side and top and lower edges, and the panel is emphasised by a groove and line of "dot-in-triangle" stamps around all four sides. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and base of the hollow-backed bow, down the centre of which run a double row of punched dots. Two transverse grooves mark the lower rectangular panel. The scrolled lappets are stamped with the same half annulets stamps. From the top the footplate consists of a trapezoidal panel with grooves along the sides and base and six dot-in-triangle stamps, a short a short length decorated with side chamfers, half-round moulding with transverse grooves, elongated animal-head with median double row of punched dots, protruding eyes below and above grooved chevrons, and a third grooved chevron above divided nostrils. Most of the spatulate terminal is missing. On reverse single pin lug with stain of iron spring and intact catchplate. The breaks are ancient. Length >94mm. Width 47mm. First half 6th century.

NMS-61B1D6: BROOCH
Late early-medieval cast Borre-style disc brooch. Decoration of concave-sided lozenge with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-contoured knots. In the centre is a sunken circular field. Around the damaged edge is a plain raised border. The decoration is worn, as on most recorded examples. On the reverse is a worn rectangular scar from the missing catch-plate or pin lug. However, there is no trace of the corresponding element for securing the pin. This brooch is of a type commonly found in East Anglia, with over 150 examples recorded from Norfolk. Weight: 6.79g. Diameter: 30mm. 10th century.

NMS-620E14: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon cruciform brooch, attached half-round terminal knob, side knobs missing, trapezoidal wings and raised central panel with bordering lines of tiny punched dots, facetted bow with groove along arris, cracked and twisted to one side towards junction with leg, rectangular panels, the lower with chamfered sides bordered with tiny punched dots, semi-circular sectioned triple ribs at springing of hollow-backed animal-head with twin longitudinal lines of tiny punched dots, terminal missing. Pierced lug with corroded fragment of iron spring, iron staining from axis bar and intact catch-plate on reverse. 47 x >131mm (unbent). Recent break across angle of one wing, other breaks rather older if not ancient. Late 5th century.

NMS-E12627: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon bow brooch (Cruciform or Small-long), flat-sectioned head with integral top and side knobs, twin transverse lines on rectangular panel at springing of chamfered D-sectioned bow with median groove, broken before missing foot, iron staining surrounds lug on reverse, 22 x >34mm. Late 5th-6th century.

BERK-9CB075: BROOCH
A fragment from a cast copper alloy Early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) small long brooch, dating from the 5th to 6th Centuries AD. The brooch fragment consists only of the foot, which flares outwards from the bow into a rounded terminal. There are two centrally placed annulets along the spine of the bow, one of which is across the break - this top annulet appears to have been pierced right through the brooch; at the flared terminal of the brooch is another two annulets, again one of which appears to go through to the reverse of the brooch; above these two annulets is an inverted triangle in raised moulding. The reverse of the brooch contains the remains of a longitudinal catchplate that extends from the terminal of the brooch to the beginning of the bow. c. AD 450-550.

NCL-B0FC11: BROOCH
An incomplete Anglo-Saxon disc brooch, c. 410-600 The brooch has a simple face with an strongly inscribed circle near the outer edge, flanked by two shallowly inscribed circles. The centre has a circular perforation which may have taken a stud or boss. The reverse retains the semicircular lug with iron corrosion around its base, with a hooked catchplate opposite the lug.

NARC-C8A442: BROOCH
Tania Dickinson has reviewed this brooch and commented as follows: "As far as I can establish there is not a close parallel to your brooch, because its facemask has clearly separate oval eyes, rounded eyering and rounded banded cheeks, but also integrates the eyebrows and moustache/upper lip (Class E2 and E3 integrate the eyebrows and cheeks, but might still be the closest).....it clearly is a developed form in (the Suzuki) sequence, which he dates broadly between 475 and 550. His Class E, which is particularly interrelated with masks on saucer brooches, is dated from c. 500-520". S. Suzuki, Anglo-Saxon Button Brooches: Typology, Genealogy, Chronology (Boydell 2008) offers a revision of the commonly used Avent and Evison dating classifications.

LEIC-EDCB41: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch, 57mm long 21mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 16.77grams. The object consists of the headplate and upper bow of a cruciform brooch. The headplate is missing its wings and side knops but it has an integral spherical knop on its upper side. The bow is plain and flat. The reverse contains iron staining around a semi-circular copper alloy pin lug.

LEIC-EE2F30: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy brooch foot, 15mm long, 10mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 1.77grams. It consists of a sub oval terminal from a cruciform brooch and has a chevron shaped ridge emerging from its broken upper portion.

LVPL-F4E9B2: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the 5-6th centuries. Only some of the headplate and bow remains. The bow has a central raised ridge. Part of the pin attachment is still on the back of the headplate. Some gilding remains in the decoration of the headplate. This decorations consists of a central motif of ring and dot, possibly in a square (it is quite faint). Down the left hand side is a line of rectangles picked out with gilding. It is possible that this went all the way around but the brooch has broken.

SUSS-0734A2: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy early medieval disc brooch of the 5th or 6th century AD. The face of the brooch is 25.3mm in diameter and 2.3mm thick. It is decorated with a punched dot surrounded by an inscised ring in the centre and four similar ring and dot motifs spaced around the periphery. The brooch is worn so the inscised rings are only partially visible and others may have been present origionally. The edge is damaged with small chips and flaking, all of which appears old. The hinge and catch plates are both broken due to old breaks and only small projections remain; the hinge remenant being 5.3mm long by 3.9mm wide and the catchplate 6.4mm long by 3.6mm wide. The entire piece weighs 5.9 grams. It has a mid green patina and what may be traces of sooting or staining from organic decay on the reverse. Similar brooches can be seen in MacGregor and Bolick (1993) pages 64-66, No.4.44, 4.46 and 4.56.

NARC-56D604: BROOCH
Late early-medieval lead disc brooch with possible runic inscription. In the centre of the brooch is a convex boss, and this is surrounded by perhaps five closely spaced concentric ridged rings. On the reverse (from the photo only) it is hard to see any pin fixings, although there is damage including two large cracks. The photos appears to show a brooch of c. 28 mm diameter. Interestingly, in the centre of the brooch. slightly off-centre on the boss, is a possible runic graffito. The motif is in the form of a lozenge with 'tails', the runic 'epel' (approximating our letter 'o', and the final letter of the early Germanic 'elder futhark' alphabet). This rune has been used as an ideogram for the word 'homeland',as well as for the words 'estate' or 'inheritance' , all of which are interesting possibilities in the context of an Anglo-Saxon/Anglo-Scandinavian dress accessory (see below), though its actual meaning can only be speculated upon. This form of lead alloy brooch is typical of what may be termed the 'Anglo-Scandinavian' milieu. The Viking Age colonisation of 10th- to 11th-century England led to the production of a material culture that was neither recognisably Scandinavian or Anglo-Saxon, but of a form and style unique to the context. These inexpensive lead alloy brooches, which in many ways mimic more expensive gold or silver, or copper alloy analogues, are typical. This type of disc brooch could be termed a 'nummular' brooch, as it is ultimately based on the form of contemporary coins, but it has been allocated by Rosie Weetch (in her study of middle and late Anglo-Saxon brooches) to her type 5, those with concentric circle decoration.

SUR-59C217: BROOCH
The upper part of a small long brooch of Early Saxon date. The brooch has traces of a white metal coating. The head plate is of rectangular form with sideways projecting lobes on each corner. At the top the plate is decorated with two ring and dot stamps. The top and side edges of the plate are decorated with groups of three lines which form a V which a central division. On the back of the plate is a flat rectangular area of white metal. There is no sign of there having been a hinge or catchplate here so perhaps the hinge was a separately soldered fitting.

DOR-3D3695: BROOCH
An incomplete, cast copper alloy brooch. An ansate brooch with sub-circular, flat terminals and an arched central bow. Each terminal is decorated with a crudely incised cross. The terminal behind which the catchplate for the missing pin would have been attached has a small, rectangular hole pierced to one side. This may have been part of a mend to replace the catchplate after it was lost. At the back of the other terminal are the two pierced lugs which housed the missing axis bar for the pin. The arched bow is D-sectioned. A similar brooch can be found in Hattatt 2000, p. 380, no. 1684. Date: Early Medieval - 6th to 8th centuries Dimensions: 52.14 mm x 15.26 mm x 17.05 mm Weight: 10.32 g

HAMP-C17827: BROOCH
A damaged cast copper-alloy button brooch of early-medieval date (5th - 6th century AD). This example is incomplete in so far as it is missing its pin. The rim is upturned (H.: 4.05mm) and flared at an angle of approximately forty-five degrees, with part of the edge bent inwards at the top left of the helmet when looking at the upper surface of the brooch, head conventionally orientated. The upper surface is decorated with a central moulded anthropomorphic face-mask viewed straight on. The helmet is formed of a gradually curving semicircle, with detached transverse line below. The eyebrows and nose are formed of a single T-shaped piece characterised by long arms, curved edges round the eyes and slight flaring at the end of the nose. The eyes are pellets within sub-oval fields. Around each eye is a pair of curved eyerings. The thicker cheeks beyond follow the same curvature. Below the cheeks and nose is a transverse moustache with luxuriant downward curves at each end. Below this is possibly a small mouth; corrosion makes it difficult to tell. Little gilding survives on the face-mask or its raised circular border. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a ?pin lug uppermost, at 12 o'clock. At six o'clock is the probable catchplate. They are therefore aligned down the length of the face. The brooch has corroded to a dull green colour. Other than the damage and losses mentioned the artefact survives well.

PAS-C18453: BROOCH
A chip carved Early Medieval brooch fragment; copper alloy with traces of gilding.

HAMP-D3E254: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy early-medieval disc brooch (Anglo-Saxon: 5th/6th century AD). The brooch is now sub-circular having suffered some considerable circumferential abrasions. The reverse features a pair of horizontally aligned lugs near the circumference. The catchplate (located at 9 o'clock) has been abraded, as has the pin lug (located at 3 o'clock) whose top is missing from the perforation upwards. Around the pin lug probable orange staining suggests that the pin was made of iron; it is now missing. The flat upper surface of the brooch is decorated with ring-and-dot motifs in a broadly cruciform arrangement. Four motifs are visible: a central one and three towards the edge. There was presumably a fourth motif to make the decoration symmetrical. As with other examples, the hinge and catchplate are situated behind two of the outer ring-and-dot motifs. Similarly decorated brooches can be found illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 63), and also on this database: e.g. HAMP-7036F5. Such brooches were often tinned; this example has a silvery sheen suggestive of such a treatment. The artefact is bent slightly in profile.

HAMP-14F866: BROOCH
A damaged cast copper-alloy button brooch of early-medieval date (5th - 6th century AD). This example is incomplete in so far as it is missing its pin, although it is not unusual in this respect. The rim is upturned (H.: c. 3.0mm) and flares out at a slight angle. Part of the rim has been lost as a result of old damage. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated with a central chip-carved anthropomorphic face-mask viewed straight on, within a raised circular border. The 'helmet' is formed of a very shallow semicircle, basically a raised transverse line. The eyebrows and nose are formed of a single piece: each eyebrow is a arc which incurves to meet the other. The base of the nose tails off to the right when looking at the face conventionally orientated. Pellets form the eyes. Adjacent to, and below, each eye is a curved cheek. Below the cheeks and nose is a lop-sided downwards curving line: either a moustache or lip. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a pin lug uppermost, at 12 o'clock. This is surrounded by a large build up of orange-brown corrosion product (max. Th.: 8.7mm) - the remnant of the iron pin. At six o'clock is the subrectangular catchplate. They are therefore aligned down the length of the face. The brooch has corroded to a dull mid-green colour. Gilding has been lost on the highest parts of the face; it otherwise survives in the recesses. Other than the damage and losses mentioned the artefact survives well. The brooch is tentatively classified as an Avent and Evison (1982, 84) Class Ei type. The mask has the general appearance of a Class E button brooch, with prominence given to the eyes and surrounding area, albeit the eyebrows and cheeks do not form a single element.

NMGW-7EE142: BROOCH
An early-medieval copper-alloy brooch of ansate type, dating from the 8th or 9th century The brooch is incomplete, missing the head (with a surviving length of 29.7 mm and a weight of 3.4 g). The arched bow gives the brooch a depth of 13 mm. The bow is of D-shaped section (2.8 mm thick) with straight parallel sides (7.5 mm wide). The bow is decorated with horizontal ribs, positioned at the apex of the arched bow and at the top of the leg. There is a further slight rib at the foot and there was likely to have been another rib between the head and the arched bow and a corresponding weaker rib at the top of the head. No other decoration is evident on the brooch. The catch-plate survives on the rear of the bow, positioned at the top of the leg (with a length of 5.5 mm and a surviving depth of 2.4 mm). Coarse file marks are evident on the rear of the bow. The surface of the brooch is well preserved with dark brown patina. The brooch can be closely paralleled with an example found near Dover and recorded by Hattatt (1989, 211; no. 1686). A similar brooch, recovered from Grigley on the Hill, Nottinghamshire has been recorded by PAS. Weetch dates these brooches to the 8th or 9th centuries.

NARC-9BD914: BROOCH
Early medieval brooch: an incomplete early medieval (6th century) continental radiate brooch. The brooch is finely cast in copper alloy, but is very worn and corroded, and covered with a fine red ferrous deposit. The semi-circular headplate features a ribbed (moulded) margin, enclosing a semi-circular fields that contains a T-shaped motif. Three small, geometric knops protrude from the head, poistioned top, right, and left. The top knop is perforated with a small hole. The bow is straight in profile and arched in section, decorated with a broad median rib and narrower marginal ribs. The foot is truncated, but has a broadly lozenge-shaped form, with two elaborate side knops. The central decorative field of the foot contains geometric ornament, unfortunately rendered unclear by corrosion. Pin missing, catchplate intact. The brooch is 63.08mm long, and 32.28mm wide across the head. The bow is 2.22mm thick, and has a maximum depth of 16.52mm (from obverse to reverse at the centrepoint of the bow. The catchplate on the reverse of the foot is 8.16mm deep. Similar examples are known from Norfolk (Ashley et al. 1990; Ashley and Rogerson 1992).

NARC-9BF117: BROOCH
Early medieval brooch: an early Anglo-Saxon copper alloy button brooch with traces of gilding. The brooch is incomplete; its central front panel is in poor condition, and the rim is missing, but some gilding remains. The poor preservation of the obverse face precludes close classification, and the chipcarved decoration is difficult to characterise in any detail, but in all likelihood incorporated stylised human-animal faces or zoomorphic motifs. The reverse of the brooch is flat, and the pin and catchplate are no longer extant. The find is nonetheless interesting and significant as a good example of the type.

ESS-2984A2: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy small square headed brooch fragment. Only a partial foot plate survives. The entire outer edge is damaged and worn. The upper surface is decorated with a raised lozengeform containing a worn style I design. The area outside of the lozenge was also decorated, however this is now worn and unclear. The reverse of the foot has the remains of an integrally cast catch plate. The top of the foot plate is bent backwards where it would have joined the bow. The brooch has a dark green-black patina. It is 18.11mm long, 14.02mm wide, 1.52mm thick increasing to 5.81mm to include the catchplate. It weighs 1.7 grams.

WAW-7BF286: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy small-long brooch. The head plate is trapezoidal in plan and undecorated. The reverse of the head plate has an integral vertical lug with a circular perforation situated at the centre of the lower edge of the head plate. The bow comprises a short, high-arched segment with a small decorative collar or band near the lower edge of the bow. There is a short narrowed section of the brooch which is integral to the terminal of the bow. This is the start of the brooch foot. On the reverse of this section there is an integral solid catchplate. Otherwise the majority of the foot is missing. The surface of the brooch has a well developed shiny brown patina. The brooch measures 42.14mm long and 23.59mm wide. The weight is 9.1g. The brooch is an Early Medieval small-long brooch which date to the 5th to 6th centuries (Geake 2001 Finds Recording Guide 1.1 unpublished). This type of brooches were usually worn in pairs. A similar brooch is illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993 A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections B.A.R. 120), No. 15.25 from Abingdon, Oxfordshire.

GAT-9271F5: BROOCH
Incomplete Type H Penannular Brooch with tinned surface. There are traces of decoration on the flattened sections of the brooch. The surface has a smooth patina, although interrupted by some patches of corrosion. The hoop was found in 2006 during landscaping works at Bryniau Mawr. The pin was found later using a metal detector. Neither hoop or pin was found in a stratified context.

LIN-3702B0: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch is in three pieces however there are parts that are still missing, namely the two side wings from the headplate and the main section of the foot. The brooch is large and elaborate, and coated on the front with gilding. The headplate is flat, rectangular and decorated down the centre with a ladder motif. To either side of the central ladder are two rows of punched crescent motifs. Each motif is in the form of a crescent with three curved terminals at either side. The two side wings are missing their terminals, however theu begin with a narrow rectangular panel decorated with a perimeter of punched circles set within a linear border. The uppermost wing is largely complete and begins with two moulded transverse collars and a punched circle perimeter above. The main panel of the upper wing is in the form of a moulded human mask with a scroll shaped extension to either side. The bow is short and arched and decorated at the flattened apex with three concentric circles. The recessed bands are now empty. The lower bow is decorated with a ladder motif down the centre. Each rectangular panel within the ladder is decorated with three inscised transverse lines. Similar crescent motifs as seen on the headplate decorated the area to either side of the ladder. There is an incomplete triangular wing to either side decorated with elaborate incised and moulded panels, probably representing a mask or a chopped up animal. The terminal of the foot is decorated in a similar manner to the upper wing of the headplate, having a moulded human mask with a scroll shaped extension to either side. One of the eyes has a small pellet of blue enamel; the other eye is missing. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated and smooth. There is a pin lug at one side of the bow, and a catchplate at the other side. The pin and catchplate are very close together and may not have provided much support to the brooch when attached.

SUR-381ED2: BROOCH
A fragment from the foot-plate of a small square-headed brooch. The catchplate is on the back.

LIN-CA81C6: BROOCH
Fragment from a gilded copper alloy Great Square headed brooch, probably once one of the side wings or the foot. The fragment is now roughly triangular, flat and in the form of a human mask. There is a horizontal groove at the top, and a pair of arched grooves marking the over-emphasised eye-brows. There are two pellets representing the eyes and a rectangular bar representing the nose. The chin part of the mask is damaged and is now pointed. The reverse is undecorated.

SWYOR-4834F1: BROOCH
An Early Medieval copper alloy disc brooch which is 25.9mm in diameter and 5.9mm thick. The brooch is circular with seven fairly equally spaced projecting lobes round the edge. Each lobe once contained an enamel cell, but many are now damaged and the enamel does not survive. The face of the brooch is decorated with cloisonné enamel. The design is of a central light blue square with concave sides, which is bordered by curved bands of translucent dark blue enamel. On the outside of the four bands are four semi-circular areas of enamel. Two that are diametrically opposite each other contain white enamel, and the other two are yellow. This brooch is very similar to those discussed in a paper by David Buckton. The colours used are those most commonly found on this type of brooch, which until recently was believed to be Roman in date. Many of the parallels given were gilded, but there is no surviving evidence of this on this example. The brooch has a corroded double lug and catchplate on the reverse, but the pin is missing. The metal has a dark green patina. The enamel is cracked, but survives remarkably well. This type of brooch is now believed to date from the tenth or eleventh centuries.

BERK-773D81: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Early Medieval small long brooch. The head of the brooch is cruciform in shape with the ends of each arm being curved. In the centre of the cruciform there is a slightly raised square shape with rounded corners. The bow of the brooch rises in a shallow asymmetrical arch shape and then flattens off to form a rounded foot end to the brooch. At the junction between the arch and the foot end there are three transverse lines forming part of the decoration. The reverse of the head has the remnants of an intergral longitudinally aligned tab, the transverse hole across which is the point of break as well as the original attachment point for the pin, which is now missing. The accumulated iron staining at this point suggests the pin was made from iron. The reverse side of the foot end of the brooch has the remnant of the integral catchplate. Similar brooches are shown in Hattatt, A Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches (2007) p.376 which are dated to circa 500-600 AD. Dimensions: length 46.9mm; width 21.1mm; thickness 2.4mm; weight 11.0g

LIN-17B061: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast copper alloy brooch or mount. The object appears to have been flat and circular in plan. Approximately one quarter of the curved frame survives, which is broken at either end. A small stub of copper alloy projects from the interior of the object pointing towards the centre. The object may have been a swastica brooch or similar openwork mount.

LIN-17C3C3: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy cruciform or small long brooch. Only the bow survives, which is arched and faceted at either break.

CAM-17DC04: BROOCH
Early-medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch. The headplate is rectangular with knobs to the top and sides and is outlined with a ring and dot pattern. The bow has a short, high arch with two fin like lappets either side towards the foot. Beneath these are three ridges, raised eyes, snout with chevron decoration and flared nostrils of a zoomorphic terminal at the foot of the brooch. The back of the head plate has a rectangular concretion of iron containing a cu alloy loop. The catchplate is also present on the reverse of the brooch, just beneath the bow. The pin is missing. Length: 99.05mm; width: 44.52mm; thickness: 3.20mm; weight: 32.61g.

CAM-18F936: BROOCH
Incomplete early medieval copper alloy Small-long brooch. The head end of the brooch is missing, broken at the zenith of the bow-arch. There are two small lappets either side of the body, just beneath the bow. Beneath these is zoomorphic terminal; a horizontal ridge above, two protuberant circular projections and a central ridge ending in a rounded foot. The catchplate is present on the reverse of the brooch, immediately beneath the bow. Length: 74.96mm; thickness: 4.50mm; width: 25.13mm; weight: 18.13g.

CAM-192201: BROOCH
Incomplete early medieval copper-alloy cruciform brooch that is the foot end of an incomplete brooch already on the database (see CAM-DC8A21). This part of the brooch is broken off at the zenith of the bow. Beneath the bow are two fin-like lappets either side of the body, which is outlined with a small ring and dot pattern. The foot of the brooch ends in a zoomorphic terminal with two protuberant eyes in triangular grooves, a snout decorated with a double chevron and a trefoil shaped foot, representing flaring nostrils. Length: 66.51mm; width: 21.77mm; thickness: 3.37mm; weight; 16.58g.

WMID-3498B1: BROOCH
A fragment of an early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch. The fragment consists of an incomplete head plate with a central panel, incomplete wings and an integral top knob. The front of the rounded knob is broadly flat with a horizontal groove towards the base. The central panel runs from top to bottom of the head plate, with straight sides which diverge towards the break at the base of the head plate. The wings are incomplete, particularly on one side which only retains a fragment beyond the central panel. In profile, the rounded knob protrudes beyond the central panel on the front of the brooch, which protrudes beyond the wings. On the reverse of the fragment, at about the centre of the central panel, there is a broken projection with rounded cavity for attaching the pin. The reverse thickens slightly towards the projection and is slightly curved (concave) in profile, from top to bottom. The fragment is 36.4mm long, 36.9mm wide and 9.3mm thick. These are maximum dimensions. The fragment has a mass of 13.8g. The brooch has a dark brown patina in parts, but where this is missing the surface is an uneven, pitted brown/green. The breaks do not appear recent. In: “A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections (Non-Ferrous Metals)”, MacGregor and Bolick (1993. p95) state that only a minority of the cruciform brooches that they catalogued were found in pairs. They suggest, “they were, it seems, commonly worn singly on the breast, sometimes in association with a pair of brooches of different design on the shoulders. Whether their occurrence in this position is to be interpreted as purely decorative, or whether they may have secured an over-garment such as a cloak remains unresolved. Where the context is known, they are almost invariably found in female graves.” Cruciform brooches date from the fifth to sixth centuries AD (Geake, “Finds Recording Guide”, 2001, p21. Peter Liddle has suggested that the fragment is probably sixth century (Leicestershire Museums and Art Gallery Identification Service ref. M10451, dated 3/10/90).

WMID-34BF43: BROOCH
A fragment of an early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch. The fragment consists of a zoomorphic (horse-head) terminal with a spatulate extension. This fragment is from the foot of a brooch (e.g. see cruciform brooches in "A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections (Non-Ferrous Metals)" by MacGregor and Bolick, 1993, pp. 95-111). The fragment described here has a broken edge at the top, curved edges at the sides forming the zoomorphic shape, and an almost rectangular extension at the base with curves corners. The forehead of the horse-head is slightly raised, and terminates in a V shape, with a similarly shaped incision above. Below the forehead, the surface is in lower relief, other than the sub-circular eyes protrude to either side of the head. There are two further V shaped incisions on the snout. There is a notch on the edges below the eyes and the snout gently tapers towards the broadly rectangular spatulate extension at the base. In section the fragment is generally broadly rectangular. In profile, the fragment is slightly curved, with the extension at the base curving rearwards. A shallow recess runs down the central section of the reverse of the fragment, which is undecorated. The fragment has a well developed green patina, which also appears to cover the broken edge - this is not a recent break. There are a number of striations and grooves on the fragment, particularly on the front of the brooch on the snout. These are finishing marks from the manufacturing process. The brooch is 43.8mm long, 15.9mm wide across the spatulate extension, with a maximum thickness of 4.7mm over the eyes. These are maximum dimensions. The fragment has a mass of 11.9g. MacGregor and Bolick (ibid. p95) state that only a minority of the cruciform brooches that they catalogued were found in pairs. They suggest, "they were, it seems, commonly worn singly on the breast, sometimes in association with a pair of brooches of different design on the shoulders. Whether their occurrence in this position is to be interpreted as purely decorative, or whether they may have secured an over-garment such as a cloak remains unresolved. Where the context is known, they are almost invariably found in female graves." Cruciform brooches date from the fifth to sixth centuries AD (Geake, "Finds Recording Guide", 2001, p21. However, some diagnostic features, particularly on the head are missing from this example, complicating dating. Peter Liddle has tentatively suggested that the fragment is in Aberg's Group II, dating to the sixth century, probably the earlier part (Leicestershire Museums and Art Gallery Identification Service ref. M7810, dated 4/10/89).

LIN-0029B0: BROOCH
Copper alloy Borre-style flat disc brooch of Kershaw's East Anglian Series. The face has a central circular hollow. Around this is a lozenge shape with double-ribbon ends that extend and curl round in a Borre knot motif. This type of Anglo-Scandinavian brooch was mass produced and is more common in East Anglia. The pin lug and catchplate are present on the reverse. The pin is missing.

HAMP-69D554: BROOCH
An early-medieval (mid 5th- to 6th-century Anglo-Saxon) small-long brooch. This incomplete brooch is cast in copper alloy, with traces of an iron pin. The brooch has a rectangular head-plate with rounded corners. The upper edge has been damaged and has suffered a loss. The lower surface of the head-plate has the corroded remains of an iron pin across much of its width, below an incomplete integrally cast lug. The bow is short and rectangular, with a virtually flat lower surface which would have left little room to gather material. The upper surface of the bow is moulded to give the impression that it is arched. The footplate is sub-triangular in plan tapering towards its broken terminal which has been bent downwards slightly (the terminal would have either been pointed or circular). The reverse of the footplate has the incomplete remains of an integrally cast catchplate, which appears sub-triangular in profile in its present condition. There is an area of iron corrosion to the right of the catchplate (when the brooch is viewed head uppermost). Both the headplate and footplate are seemingly plain, and lacking in any of the incised or punch-mark decoration often found on such brooches. The brooch is in relatively good condition with most of the original surface surviving; it has an even, mid-green patina. The brooch is similar to examples in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 126; refs. 15.5, 15.7).

LIN-CF1D82: BROOCH
Headplate from an Anglo-Saxon brooch, probably a small long rather than a cruciform brooch. The headplate is roughly rectangular but has no original perimeter remaining. The face of the brooch is decorated with four small holes creating the four corners of a rectangle of punched dots. The lower two holes are along the lower break. The bow is faceted and largely missing. There is a single pin lug on the reverse covered with iron corrosion.

SUR-FFE542: BROOCH
A fragment of a small early Saxon cruciform brooch. The lower part and the catchplate are missing. The brooch is plain but above the headplate is a collared knob terminal . There are also knobs on the ends of the headplate. The iron spring and chord survive.

SWYOR-0E75D5: BROOCH
A fragment of an early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch. The fragment consists of an incomplete head plate with a central panel, incomplete wings and an integral top knop. The front of the knop is rounded with a horizontal groove across the base. The central panel runs from top to bottom of the head plate, with straight sides which diverge towards the break at the base of the head plate. The wings are incomplete, particularly on one side which only retains a fragment beyond the central panel. In profile, the rounded knop protrudes beyond the central panel on the front of the brooch, which protrudes beyond the wings. On the reverse of the fragment, at about the centre of the central panel, there is a broken projection with a rounded cavity. This is filled with corrosion, suggesting an iron pin. The reverse thickens slightly towards the projection and is slightly curved (concave) in profile, from top to bottom. The fragment is 34.77mm long, 29.73mm wide and 9mm thick. These are maximum dimensions. The fragment has a mass of 13.12g. The brooch has a dark brown patina in parts, but where this is missing the surface is an uneven, pitted brown/green. The breaks do not appear recent. Cruciform brooches date from the fifth to sixth centuries AD (Geake, "Finds Recording Guide", 2001, p21) as referenced in record WMID-3498B1 on the PAS database. The fragment is probably sixth century due to the slight flattening of the top knob, which begins to flatten from the fifth century fully rounded cruciform brooch. This brooch has parallels in 'A corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk' (West 1998, no. 129).

HAMP-91D208: BROOCH
A damaged and bent, now fragmentary, early-medieval (5th- to 6th-century Anglo-Saxon) cast copper-alloy saucer brooch. The brooch would originally have been circular in plan with an upturned rim. Just over a third of the brooch survives, with the surviving section of the upturned rim very damaged and distorted. The upper surface of the brooch is divided into decorative zones: The inner zone is comprised of a raised concentric circle bordered by a narrow undecorated zone. The main decorative zone is comprised of Salin style I zoomorphic decoration which is extremely worn, and specific animal features are difficult to determine. On this surviving section of brooch, the zoomorphic zone is divided by two lines; it is likely that the zoomorphic zone would have been divided into three equal sections. The outer zone is plain, and immediately borders the upturned rim. The reverse of the brooch has an integrally cast lug, most likely to be the catchplate. There is no trace of iron corrosion on the reverse of the brooch. The artefact is now mainly a dull grey colour with some green areas. Due to the condition of the brooch, an exact parallel cannot be found. The raised central ring is a common feature on saucer brooches. Zoomorphic designs are less common on saucer brooches than geometric designs. See MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 50; ref. 2.40) for a zoomorphic zone divided into three sections.

NCL-A2F916: BROOCH
The head of a cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch of the 6th century. The head is incomplete with one wing broken and broken from the rest of the brooch where the bow met the headplate. The head consists of a decorated central plate with stamped triangles with concave sides running the length of the raised side edges of the plate. The top knob has a double-moulded collar and spatulate terminal. The spatulate terminal's edges are decorated with punched S-shaped along the outer edge, and more punched triangles with concave sides on the internal edges. One wing of the headplate is complete with its upper and lower sides flaring out from the rectangular central plate. These sides also have parallel incised lines running to the outer edge of the wing with punched S-shapes inside the parallel lines. The centre of the wing has a sideknob with the same moulded double-collar as the top knob, but the terminal is rectangular with punched S-shapes running along the outer edge. The opposite wing is incomplete with about 50% missing due to a diagonal break across the wing from the upper outer corner to the lower inside base of the wing. The knob collars are D-shaped in section. The underside is undecorated, but there is a single semicircular lug perpendicularly projecting from the centre of the headplate, which has a circular perforation.

WILT-B8D836: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Early-Medieval copper alloy nummular brooch, missing roughly one quarter of the face on opposing outside edges. One of these is missing hinge mechanism. The catchplate survives on the reverse. The brooch would have been 36.2mm in diameter though this is now its height only - its width is 25mm. It weighs 7.4g and is 1.7mm thick. On the front is depicted a profile bust facing right, with shoulders facing forwards. The nose is long and bulbous and the eyes almond-shaped. The hair appears rather like a hat and possibly extends backwards in length, although a break occurs at this point and it is too worn to be sure. The shoulders are decorated with at least three ribs, in an m shape and one on top of another. The bust is surrounded by six concentric flattened ribs around the outside edge. The other break occurs at the edge nearest the catchplate. All breaks appear ancient. Kevin Leahy, Finds Adviser, comments: These brooches are based on continental brooches that depict coins of Louis the Pious (814 - 840) but this find is many copies away from the original. On some high-grade nummular brooches the coin is set within rings of twisted silver wire, which is clearly represented on this find.

LVPL-C99416: BROOCH
2 parts of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch which have broken in antiquity. They were found c.10m apart but fit together. The first part is the headplate which has broken just as the bow has started. The headplate is square and only has a top knob remaining. The knob is detachable and only half round with a hollow back. It is held on by a triangular extension down the front of the headplate. On the reverse of the headplate the remains of the pin mechanism can be seen. The headplate measures 25mm by 49mm and weighs 22.7g. The lower part of the brooch is the second piece and consists of the bow and the foot. Some of the catchplate can be seen on the reverse. The bow is curved and is only short. The foot is about 3/4 of the length of this part. There are 2 rounded lappets, one on each side, just below the bow. Then there is a beaded ridge. At the base it expands slightly to a rounded terminal. There is a sub-speherical knop on the end. This part of the brooch measures 97mm by 21.5mm and weighs 35g.

LIN-DBDB40: BROOCH
Probable Anglo-Saxon iron annular brooch. The brooch is flat, 14mm wide and has a very corroded surface. Parts of the perimeter are damaged. Similar annular brooches are frequent finds on Anglo-Saxon cemetery sites and are well known from published local sites such as Fonaby, Cleatham, Lovenden Hill and Castledyke.

SUR-716641: BROOCH
A fragment of the head plate from an early Saxon square-headed brooch. The fragment displays a face mask, inverted, with a scrolling moustache, flanked by zoomorphic elements. The stubs of the hinge plates survive on the back.

LIN-87E516: BROOCH
One arm from a cast copper alloy trefoil brooch. The arm is flat, rectangular in plan with a rounded terminal and broken at the other end. The surface of the arm is decorated with an enamelled perimeter groove filled with what looks like degraded red enamel, but which is almost certainly corrosion. The cell in the centre is decorated with a row of chevrons representing a derivative 'fir-tree pattern', again set against a red background, probably corrosion. There is a small catchplate on the reverse.

SUR-C16EF4: BROOCH
A gilded early Saxon button brooch with the remains of an iron pin. The brooch has a raised rim and a central raised circle within which is a stylised human face.

NARC-7A8DC6: BROOCH
A great square-headed brooch dating to the sixth century AD. The brooch is in three pieces, one comprising the frame of the headplate and bow, another the footplate's terminal lobe, and the final one the decorative facing from the left-hand side of the headplate.In all, most of the original brooch is present, and, based on the relative dimensions of the remaining fragments, one can discern that the rectangular headplate's upper corners must have protruded slightly from the upper body of the brooch. The headplate itself would have displayed intricate decoration, with a wide, linear border, demarcating the edges of a field of interlace ornament. The upper corner has an elaborate, projecting terminal. The bow is straight, with a pair of small, rectangular transverse projections. Only traces of original ornament now remain. The footplate frame is large, and markedly plano-convex in profile, such that its lower edge is crescentic, but its decorative surface is now lost. There are two long, rectilinear lugs on the brooch's reverse, but the pin is now lost. The entire brooch would have a total length of 74.3mm. The greatest width of any fragment (the decorative headplate fragment) has a width of 36.8mm, and the brooch's thickness was 5.2g. The combined weight of the three fragments is 37.9g. Helen Geake writes: The image attached to this record shows the foot from an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch in two pieces. The upper piece consists of a flat panel with a line of punched ring-and-dot motifs running down either edge, and a lappet extending from either side. Below this is a half-round moulding decorated with horizontal grooves, and then the horse-head terminal. This is worn and corroded and details are hard to see, but a longitudinal ridge is clear between two round eyes. This ridge runs down to a raised square panel which appears to have a border of double-triangle punchmarks. To either side of this raised square is a pair of projections, perhaps nostrils, which appear to curve upwards to meet the downward curve of the lappets. The fragment is then broken at the point where a fan-shaped or crescentic terminal extends downwards. This terminal appears to have a border of ring-and-dot motifs. It is not easy to reconcile the image attached to this record with the original description. Martin (2015) has included this record as his catalogue no. 756, presumably based on the image.

CAM-3B6C93: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Small Long brooch dating to the fifth or sixth centuries AD. The fragment comprises a portion of the leg and foot. The leg is flat and tapering and is decorated with marginal rows of stamped dots. The leg is separated from the foot by two ribbed mouldings. The foot expands very slightly with a forward facing ribbed terminal and is decorated with two horizontal incised lines. The catchplate is semi-circular in shape and reaches the full length of the foot. The brooch fragments measures 38mm in length and a maximum of 10mm in width.

YORYM-8B5903: BROOCH
Fragment of a cruciform long brooch. The plate is sub-rectangular with integral head knops. There is a very worn circle and dot design on the plate. The bow is flat and tapers before a break. The remains of the catchplate are on the reverse face, also above the break.

WAW-7A67F4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Early Medieval brooch. The brooch is an incomplete circle in plan. In profile the brooch has a flange forming a lip around the edge. Only approximately half of the flange remains. A portion of the exterior surface of the lug has a patch of what appears to be lead alloy, which may have been used as solder. What the brooch may have been soldered to, or what may have been soldered to the brooch is unknown. The reverse of the brooch has three integral lugs; two are parallel to each other, positioned at the edge. Each of these lugs has a central hole through which an iron axis bar is held in place. The third lug is positioned on the opposite edge to the pair of lugs. This lug is incomplete and was originally the catchplate. The upper surface of the brooch has a high-relief design consisting of five spirals around a high-relief ring and dot. The design is bordered by a low-relief groove and then the flange. The design has been cast rather than chip carved. The brooch has a mid blue/green patina. There are small scrapes on the upper surface revealing a shiny grey colour. The low-relief areas of the brooch have a black substance remaining on the surface. Some of these low-relief areas have scratches on the surface which may be due to recent cleaning. The brooch measures 30.41mm long, 29.56mm wide and 8.49mm thick. It weighs 12.83g. The brooch is a saucer type brooch. Dickinson (Dickinson, T. 1991 'Material Culture as Social Expression: The Case of Saxon Saucer Brooches with running Spiral Decoration' Studien zur Sachsenforschung Hildesheim) has studied these types of brooches, produced a typology and concludes the five spiral running design originated on the Continent and developed from the late 4th to mid 5th centuries. In England the burials are more likely to have taken place between the late 5th and mid 6th centuries.

LIN-D196E5: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy cruciform or small long brooch. The brooch has a flat, eight-sided head with a raised rectangular panel in the centre. There are four perimeter lines decorating the panel. The interior of the panel is decorated with seven ring and dot motifs, set four above three. To either side of the headplate is a half-rounded integral knop with collar. The knop above and the bow below are missing.

CAM-FD37C6: BROOCH
Head and bow from a copper-alloy small-long brooch. The head is square and has a border of deep but indistinct punchmarks around three edges, with the lowest edge next to the bow undecorated. The top and sides each have a tiny knob; the knobs are all identical, with half-round moulding decorated with a fine groove, then a broader groove, then a hemispherical terminal which may once have had a fine groove across its base. On the reverse of the headplate is what is probably a single pin bar lug now hidden in a mass of iron corrosion from the pin bar and spring. The bow has a flat panel at top and bottom with a U-shaped bevel to each side. Between, the bow is very worn, but has a broad central groove flanked by a pair of narrower grooves, and then sloping edges which may have once had punchmarks. The reverse is flat and has file or scratch marks. The break is old and worn. Small-long brooches are an early Anglo-Saxon type and are thought to mainly date from the century 450-550 AD. Surviving length 37 mm, width of headplate 27 mm, weight 9.51g.

BH-22ED61: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy small-long brooch of probable 6th century (Anglo-Saxon) date. A pair of brooches with similar headplates and bows was found in an excavation of a cemetery at Morning Thorpe, Norfolk (see Green, Rogerson and White 1987: 78, grave 153; fig. 348). The head plate is sub-square in plan, having rounded upper corners and slightly concave bottom sides. At each of the two top corners is a punched ring-and-dot mark. Extending outwards from the top right ring-and-dot mark is an angled groove, which may be an intentional, decorative mark; at least one such groove also appears to be present at the top left corner. The vertical sides of the headplate are heavily worn and corroded but possibly have a tootheded borders. The bow consists of a short hump of D-shaped section. The foot is missing. On the reverse of the headplate is the pin attachment, consisting of a single pointed lug. There is no perforation by which the pin could have been attached, and the irregular nature of the pin attachment and the base of the bow suggest that the brooch may have been paritally melted. The brooch measures 45.11mm long, 22.25mm wide and 16.15mm deep. The weight is 13.8g.

CAM-9FFFD3: BROOCH
Part of a circular openwork copper-alloy object with relief decoration. The fragment consists of part of the curving edge, which is decorated with transverse, slightly oblique nicks. This edge is bevelled on the reverse. The nicked border has a slight ridge running along its inner edge, and then the openwork and relief design begins. What survives is difficult to interpret, but appears to be symmetrical. The largest element of the design is an undecorated Y-shaped area, with a vertical stem which tapers away from a wide base. A tiny stub decorated with three raised longitudinal lines emerges from either side of the lower part of the Y's stem; to the right (as you look at it) this is then broken, but to the left it extends to a circular lobe divided into two by a curved line resembling that dividing a yin-yang diagram. Both halves of the circular lobe are decorated with short transverse ridges. There is a nearly circular hole to either side of this short triple-strand stub; the one below (nearest to the edge) is 1.5 mm in diameter and the one above is 2 mm in diameter. Above the larger hole, another short stub with triple-strand decoration emerges from the circular lobe to meet the base of the left-hand arm of the Y; there is a matching triple-strand stub extending from the base of the right-hand arm of the Y, but this is soon broken. A further triple-strand stub emerges from the other side of the circular lobe and is then broken. The arms of the Y have a tiny rounded hole in the crook between them, with a wide groove and then a ridge echoing the curve of the Y above. The top left of the circular lobe has a projection which is hard to read, but which appears to be a simple ridge. The reverse is undecorated and this fragment retains no means of attachment. All the breaks are fairly worn. The fragment is curved, suggesting that the complete object was domed. The surviving dimensions are 32 mm measured along the surviving edge and 23 mm perpendicular to this. It weighs 4.66g. It seems most likely that this is a fragment of a domed disc brooch of Scandinavian type, dating to the Viking Age (probably the tenth century). There are parallels recorded on the PAS database at CAM-371E87, NCL-7E9EE5 and NMS-E324E1, but they all have rather different asymmetric Jellinge-style decoration.

CAM-A6B855: BROOCH
Part of a cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early Medieval (c.6th century) date. Only the headplate survives; this is square and has side wings. At the apex is an integrally cast knop with hemispherical top and triple collar below. The reverse of the knop is flat. The edges of the wings are complete. The side knops would have been attached via the spring mechanism. There is a worn break where the bow would have begun. The reverse has an incomplete sprung pin. Two corroded coils survive to the left of the integrally cast lug, none survive to the right. The internal chord is below. Length of headplate 28.68mm, width of headplate 19.89mm. Length of knop and collar 14.18mm. Thickness of headplate 2.14mm, thickness of brooch including knop 8.75mm. Weight 9.2g.

LIN-D43C15: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch has a rectangular headplate divided into three smaller rectangular panels. The central panel is slightly proud of the flaking ones. The perimeter of the panels appear to be deocrated with two rows of punched dots or perhaps crescents. There is an integral half-rounded knop at the top only. The bow is arched and faceted, and broken at the base. The lower part of the brooch is missing. On the reverse of the headplate is a single lug.

NCL-FBFB61: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch of the later 6th-7th century. Only the headplate remains, and this in two pieces. The head is rectangular with a central panel and a chip-carved border and knobs. The central panel and border a flush rather than stepped, with the central panel defined by a simple incised line along the top and to either side, with a broader groove along its bottom, which would have separated the panel from the now missing bow. A quatrefoil has been punched into the centre of the panel, consisting of four pointed-oval petals arranged symmetrically. The border has a facemask centrally positioned and looking outward on three sides, with the corners occupied by bird-heads. The two sideknobs and topknob also depict outward looking facemasks. Relative to the chip-carving decoration seen on some other brooches, this example is less well executed, though it represents a flourished example of the type. Similar examples (though lacking the knobs) were found in Darlington on the River Tees (MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 108-9, nos 12.34 and 12.35). The sunken surfaces of the head retain gilding. The reverse is undecorated and bears the broken lugs of the pin and hinge, centred and positioned just above the bow.

NCL-7F0D34: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy small long brooch of the 6th century. The brooch is incomplete, consisting only of an incomplete head. The head has a central panel, rectangular in plan, with a thinner, stepped top panel of sub-triangular plan. To top panel and central panel have collared knobs half-round (D-shaped) in section and cast integral. One knob is missing, due to a break, and the head broke above the bow. It is uncertain how much of the central panel is missing between the break and the bow. The reverse is undecorated, but bears two triangular lugs for the pin, the iron hinge of which remains corroded in situ.

SUR-E8F160: BROOCH
The lower part of a small long brooch of early Saxon date. The fragment comprises most of the arch and the diamond-shaped plate, and a broken catchplate projection on the back. There is no additional decoration or surface coating.

ESS-B91CD2: BROOCH
Early Medieval (6th century Anglo-Saxon) small square headed brooch. Only the headplate and upper part of the bow survives. The head is rectangular with a cast design of three raised rectangles, one inside the other, with a raised ridge running vertically from the base of the central rectangle along the bow. The central rectangle has a row of beading along its length. A large amount of gilding survives in the recessed decoration. The reverse of the head has a central lug with a small part of the hinged copper alloy pin attached. There is iron corrosion on either side of the pin lug, and this corrosion is relatively linar, suggesting that the brooch was rested against an iron object. The iron corrosion was examined under a microscope, and there are no apparent traces of textile. The brooch fragment is 16.42mm wide, 13.94mm long, 2.38mm thick increasing to 7.23mm thick to include the pin lug. It weighs 3.01 grams.

KENT-E19A66: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy small long brooch. The head is sub-rectangular with two semi-circular notches in the upper left and right corner, and one semi-circular notch in the lower left and right corners. The reverse of the head has a large amount of iron corrosion (from the iron pin) obscuring the pin fitting. The incomplete bow has a pronounced curve with a hollow reverse, giving it a 'V' shaped cross section. THere are two triangular mouldings where the bow joins the head. There is a worn break across the base of the bow. In its incomplete condition, it is 33.18mm long, 24.25mm wide, 2.02mm thick increasing to 9.57mm thick to include the iron corrosion, and the bow is 7.80mm deep. It weighs 10.2 grams. It has a dark green patina.

WILT-716220: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy and gilt Early Early-Medieval (450-550) Saucer brooch, missing approx. one third of the 'saucer' rim, its pin and the curl of the catchplate. It measures 27.49x23.97x11.41mm and weighs 8.63g. Gilding survives in the grooves of the decoration only. The decoration is in the form of a central ring-and-dot surrounded by five running spirals with tendrils forming pointed lobes, within a plain-rib border. The rim extends upwards and outwards, to a height of 4.80mm from the underside of the brooch. To the reverse is a large patch of iron staining around the pin lug. A number of similar saucer brooches with running spirals are shown in MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 42-45, in particular no.2.10 from Abingdon. MacGregor and Bolick comment that brooches of this type were produced characteristically as single castings, whose dished forms give rise to their name. Normally, women (and, occasionally, young girls) wore them in pairs at the shoulder or the breast. Tania Dickinson in Dickinson, T. 1991 'Material Culture as Social Expression: The Case of Saxon Saucer Brooches with running Spiral Decoration' Studien zur Sachsenforschung Hildesheim, has concluded that the five spiral running design originated on the Continent and developed from the late 4th to mid 5th centuries. In England the burials are more likely to have taken place between the late 5th and mid 6th centuries.

NCL-977896: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy ansate brooch of the 8th century. The brooch has sub-square terminals, and the entire brooch is decorated with a banded effect such that the bow and centre of each terminal consists of a central band, with an outer band to each side on each terminal and at the peak of the bow. This means the bow has a square element at its peak. The outer edges of the terminals are gently curved, adding further decorative enhancement. The underside of one terminal contains two lugs and the corroded remains of an iron pin. A simple projecting hook forms the catch on the underside of the opposite terminal.

SUR-7EEA93: BROOCH
A fragment of a gilded, early Anglo-Saxon brooch, possibly of Great Square-headed form. The original edge of the fragment appears to survive on the right hand side, in the photograph. Additional decoration comprises a curving line of opposed punched triangles.

CAM-851477: BROOCH
Very worn small-long brooch with missing foot. The headplate is essentially square, with double cut-outs in each corner forming T-shaped knobs. Most of the two side knobs is missing but enough survives of the top knob to be able to reconstruct the shape; remarkably, a line of dot-and-crescent stamps survives along the upper edge of this knob. In the centre of the lower edge of the headplate, continuing the line of the bow, is a raised square panel with a line of similar stamps forming a border around (not on) its sides and upper edge. On the reverse is what appears to be a double pin bar lug with remains of the iron pin bar and some of the spring. The bow is pyramidal, having a triangular facet top and bottom and a longitudinal ridge joining the two. The reverse is hollowed. The break, at the bottom of the bow, does not seem either particularly worn or particularly fresh. This brooch must always have been thin and flimsy.

LIN-DAA9F7: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Only the headplate survives, so there is a possibility that this is a small long brooch. The headplate is rectangular and divided into three smaller panels, the middle one being slightly raised. The would have been three integral side knops around the headplate but only one complete one and one half-complete one survives. The knops half-rounded with a narrowed waist and reeled collar. The brooch is missing below the headplate. On the reverse is an incomplete lug.

CAMHER-885B35: BROOCH
Very unusual and probably significantly early small-long brooch. The headplate is of cruciform type, with a small thick rectangular headplate and three half-round knobs. The headplate is undecorated except for a small curved bevel in one lower corner (the other is obscured by iron corrosion) and a central circular perforation 3 mm in diameter. The side knobs are no thicker than the headplate, and are now slightly corroded, but it appears that they were originally decorated with a broad transverse groove between a pair of narrower transverse grooves. The top knob is slightly larger, thicker, and set at an angle to the headplate. It has a collar at the base, possibly originally decorated with a transverse groove or two; above this collar it is identical in decoration to the side knobs. When viewed from the side with the foot vertical, the headplate leans backwards towards the top, but the top knob is vertical. On the reverse are a pair of pin bar lugs, both now broken, one at either end of the headplate just before the side knobs start. There is a fair amount of iron corrosion present and one pin bar lug is blocked completely. The junction between the headplate and the bow is marked by two tapering steps, and then the bow proper starts. This is thick and chunky, with an almost-horizontal panel, rectangular in cross-section, decorated with a pair of edge nicks and then the usual narrow-broad-narrow groove arrangement as on the knobs. At the bottom of the bow there is probably a matching panel, but the brooch is more corroded here and only the grooves can clearly be seen. In between, the bow is arched; the reverse is flat, the sides sharp and flat, and the top bevelled. The foot begins with a very short panel which is rectangular in cross-section and decorated with a pair of edge nicks. Below this, a longer panel has a flat top and bevelled sides similar to the central part of the bow. There is a catchplate on the reverse of these two sections which is stained with iron corrosion from the pin. The catchplate is not quite complete; it is on the right side of the brooch, viewed from the reverse, and curls over towards the left. Below the catchplate, another short rectangular-section panel is decorated with a set of narrow-broad-narrow grooves, but again there are some patches of corrosion on the edge and any edge nicks cannot be seen. The foot then ends in a circular terminal 8 mm in diameter; this is not now perfectly circular, as part of the lower edge has been worn away. The bow and foot are closely paralleled on a brooch from Shakenoak, Oxfordshire (Vierck in Brodribb et al vol III (1974), 78-83; also MacGregor and Bolick 1993, no. 15.83). The head is closer to an example from Fairford (MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 15.82); both of these examples seem to be early in the development of the small-long brooch. This brooch should perhaps date to the second half of the fifth century. 55 mm long and 24 mm across the maximum width of the headplate. 16.74g.

CAM-ADF2C7: BROOCH
A fragment of an Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch probably of 6th century date. The remains of this brooch consist of a damaged trapezoidal or rectangular head plate, flat semicircular side and head knobs, and an arched bow. There are no wings to the head plate. The brooch has broken off at the point where the bow would have joined the foot plate. Behind the head plate an integral pin lug has broken off half way across the lug. The top and side knobs have all suffered damage. A brooch of the same size but in a better state of preservation is CAM-2012C2. For similar examples see Mills, N. 2001 (p.33, item AS55), Mills, N. 2000 (p.64, item S173) and Hattatt, R. 2007 (p.376, items 1677, 676, 1678). Dimensions: length 42.20mm, width than 22.19mm, weight 6.70g.

LIN-4DE6D2: BROOCH
Upper half of an Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy cruciform brooch, dating to the 6th century. The brooch has a rectangular headplate but the wings are missing to either side. The headplate is decorated with two vertical perimeter lines of opposing punched crescents. There is a small collared knop riveted to the top of the headplate. The bow is short, arched and decorated with a deep channel down the centre, with a line of moulded dots to either side. To the exterior side of the the dots are two further bands of punched crescents. The lower half of the bow is missing.

WAW-90FE92: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy small-long brooch. The head plate is an inverted trapezoidal in plan with rounded lower corners and undecorated. The reverse of the head plate has an integral vertical lug with a perforation situated at the centre of the lower edge of the head plate. Around this lug is a block of eroded iron which originally was the spring. The bow comprises a short, high-arched segment with a small decorative groove at the junction of the head plate. This is the bow and the lower edge is a broken edge. The break is not recent. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete blue/green patina which is abraded. The brooch measures 26.59mm long and 23.72mm wide. The weight is 5.7g. The brooch is an Early Medieval small-long brooch which date to the 5th to 6th centuries (Geake 2001 Finds Recording Guide 1.1 unpublished). These type of brooches were usually worn in pairs.

SWYOR-DC4D36: BROOCH
A detachable side-knob of an Early Saxon florid cruciform brooch with two complete attachment loops and part of the iron pin on the reverse. The inner edge, which would have fitted over the edge of the headplate, is complete. The moulded Style I human mask displayed on the front consists of eyebrows of the same width as the eyes, broad nose, curling moustache and mouth. The spatulate beard terminal is partially missing (ancient break) and much of the left side decoration is missing (possible more recent break). Brooches of this type date from the 6th century. The complete brooch would have been quite large, with the top knop probably being integral, but the side knobs made separately. It would also have had decorative lappets (projections) on the side of the bow and a zoomorphic or anthropomorphic foot. Only one side knop survives of this example. It has a length of 27.13mm, width 24.64mm, thickness 2.11mm and a weight of 6.90g. A similar example is NMS-2CF5F2

LIN-343EF0: BROOCH
A late Saxon cloisonne enamelled disc brooch. The brooch is circular and would have had enamelled lugs around the perimeter however these are all now missing. The surface of the brooch is decorated with a perimeter of cells containing blue enamel. A short cross of blue enamelled cells is located in the centre of the circle. Two opposing angles are filled with cells containing yellow enamel, and the remain two are decorated with cells containing white enamel. The reverse is worn and no evidence of any fittings can be seen. The object was recorded at a metal-detecting rally and unfortunately due to the circumstances the photograph did not come out well.

NARC-475873: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy fragment of Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. Head is missing. The bow is 15mm long and deeply curved with a pronounced boss. The footplate is 23mm long and is straight with a raised platform with horizontal ridges towards the break. The catchplate is on the reverse of the footplate, directly behind the plain section between the bow and the raised platform. The catchplate is 11mm long and 8mm wide. Simialr to examples in Hattatt's visual catalogue, Fig 235.

WILT-DA9EF7: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Early-Medieval (Anglo Saxon) copper alloy Small-Long brooch with damaged edges and missing its pin and catchplate. It measures 41.35mm in length and weighs 5.59g. The rectangular head-plate measures 14.84x12.25x1.62mm and is apparently plain (although the edges have lot much of their original patina). The short, highly arched bow is 9.08mm in length, 6.10mm wide and max.4.83mm thick at the centre. The surface is pitted and much patina is lost, although the sides do appear slightly faceted. The foot is expanded with lateral lobes forming a lozenge-shaped field, 15.01mm wide and 1.86mm thick. It tapers to the crescentic terminal, 11.58x7.69x1.09mm. To the reverse of the foot is a square patch of solder, presumably for the missing catchplate. MacGregor and Bollick (1993) comment that normally worn in pairs, the Small-Long brooch is the most modest representative of the Anglo Saxon 'Safety pin brooch' variety. Their distribution extends from East Anglia to Gloucestershire with outliers as far north as Northumberland. They appear early in the 5th century and extend well into the 6th. Cf.MacGregor & Bollick, 1993, p.126, nos. 15.4, 15.5, 15.6.

WAW-0C3810: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Early Medieval brooch. The brooch is sub semi-circular in plan with all edges being broken and abraded. The upper surface is decorated with a series of 'n' designs along the curved edge. The field is decorated with a moulded asymmetrical design. The reverse of the brooch has an incomplete integral lug. This was originally the catchplate. The brooch has a well developed mid grey/green patina. The brooch measures 27.03mm long, 15.3mm wide and 3.99mm thick. It weighs 4.3g. The brooch possibly a saucer type brooch, which are usually associated with women and worn in pairs which date to the 5th and 6th centuries (MacGregor and Bolick 1993 A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections B.A.R. 120, p. 42).

HAMP-1D2075: BROOCH
An incomplete tinned cast copper-alloy early-medieval disc brooch (Anglo-Saxon: 5th/6th century AD). The brooch is now sub-circular having suffered some circumferential abrasions. The reverse features a pair of horizontally aligned lugs towards the circumference. The catchplate survives well, while the semi-circular pin lug has been broken from the perforation upwards; the pin is missing. The flat upper surface of the brooch is decorated with a central ring-and-dot motif (ring dia.: c. 7.4mm), while the circumference is notched. A similarly decorated pair of brooches can be found illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 57; ref. 4.2). Such brooches were often tinned; this example retains much tinning on its upper surface and a trace on the lower, over a mid/dark green metal. Both surfaces appear to have suffered from corrosion and some scratching. The artefact is also slightly bent in profile.

BERK-736F96: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon supporting-arm bow brooch dating from the first few decades of the fifth century AD. This example has an expanding head terminal for the copper alloy spring and iron pin (now missing). The body of the brooch is an arched bow tapering from the head down towards the foot. The body of the brooch is decorated with two incised transverse grooves at the top, a central vertical groove down the bow, and another two transverse grooves above where the expanded foot would have been (also missing). The brooch, although incomplete, is in good condition and measures 21.97mm long; the head is 17mm wide. It weighs 7.4g. These small supporting arm brooches are quite rare in England and are believed to have been made on the Continent. They have been divided into two types by Böhme (1974), summarised in English by Evison (1977), based on the width of the head; this example belongs to the Perlberg type (head width 12-22mm). The Clifton Hampden location of the find is interesting as two further examples are known very locally; one from Dorchester (Dickinson 1976:183) and one from Wally Corner, Berinsfield (MacGregor & Bolick 1993:150, no. 17.1). The date-range of these brooches covers the first half and middle of the fifth century.

CAM-009B63: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Early Medieval brooch dating to the 5th or 6th century. The headplate of a cruciform brooch; the lower part is missing. The headplate is sub-rectangular in plan. There is a top knob but the side knobs are missing. The top knob is domed in plan and semi-circular in section, with a plain extension and a collar. There is a single beaded line around the collar of the top knob. The central panel of the headplate has lunate punch marks along both sides. This lunate pattern is repeated along the short sides of the head plate. There is damage to both sides of the headplate but the breaks are old. The brooch is broken where the bow begins. There are patches of light green corrosion product on the breaks and on the top knob and central panel. On the reverse is the remains of the pin lug. There is much light green corrosion product around the pin lug and near the breaks. There is also rust on the reverse. Cruciform brooches were normally worn singly on the breast and, where the context is known,they are almost invariably found in female graves (Macgregor and Bolick, E,1993, A summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections (non ferrous metals)Ashmolean Museum Oxford, page 95). Width (width of headplate) 45.27mm, length 38.38mm, thickness of central plate 2.26mm, weight 19.7g. See nos. 12.2 and 12.14 in Macgregor and Bolick 1993, pages 100-101.

ESS-843596: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon, 6th century) small square headed brooch. The lower half of the bow and part of the foot plate survives. The bow is slightly curved and has a sub- triangular cross section. The foot is lozenge shaped and decorated with three moulded lozenges, one inside the other. The edges of the foot plate are damaged, and is possibly missing terminals from each of the angles. The reverse has the remains of a catchplate. It is 25.78mm long, 17.90mm wide and weighs 3.49g. The upper part of this brooch is recorded as ESS-8437B1

ESS-8437B1: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon, 6th century) small square headed brooch. The headplate and upper half of the bow survives. The head is rectangular and is decorated with three moulded rectangles, one inside the other. The reverse has the remains of a single pin lug, the pin is missing. The bow is slightly curved and has a sub- triangular cross section. It is 17.34mm long, 17.96mm wide and weighs 3.21 grams. The lower part of this brooch is recorded as ESS-843596

NMS-ECC8E7: BROOCH
Fragment of a Late Saxon lead disc brooch with the stump of a catchplate or of part of a pin lug on the reverse. Less than one third of the edge is extant. On the front face moulded relief decoration within a double-ribbed borders consists of three extant bosses joined by ovals formed from curving ladder-like motifs. The geometry of the full design would have been the same as that of the larger silver niello-inlaid disc brooch from the Beeston Tor hoard which has been coin-dated to before 875 (Wilson 1964, 120-1. cat. no. 3). The complete decorative scheme comprises nine bosses, four overlapping circles and twelve ovals. The decorative detail of this present example is, needless to say, much cruder and more simple. Diameter 48mm. Thickness 2.3 - 3mm. Second half 9th century.

CAM-68E0A1: BROOCH
Part of a cast copper-alloy small-long brooch of Early Medieval date. Only the headplate survives, with three projecting semi-circular side lugs, one of which is incomplete. A remnant of the bow projects downwards from the headplate, a worn break at its bottom end. The reverse of the headplate has a right-angled hinge lug with a single perforation. Length 19.35mm, width 24.2mm, thickness 2.81mm (10.85mm including lug), weight 3.3g.

KENT2344: BROOCH
This cast copper alloy brooch is an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch of Leeds (1945) square headed (plain) class. The square headplate is heavily corroded but the decoration can just be seen. There is a large ring-and-dot motif in the centre of the headplate, bordered by 3 to 6 smaller ring-and-dot punhcmarks to the left and right of the central design. The exact amount of smaller punchmarks on the headplate is unclear due to the amount of corrosion and the poor quality photograph used for identification. The worn edge of the headplate may also suggest that it is incomplete, thus further decoration may have originally been present. The headplate is attached to a short, undecorated bow. The lozenge-form footplate is heavily worn, with damaged edges and a worn break at the terminal. The decoration on the footplate is similar to the headplate, with a large ring-and dot motif in the centre. Three smaller ring-and-dot punches can be seen to the right of this central design, running along the length of the footplate. The lower punchmark is incomplete due to a worn break on the edge of the footplate. To the left of the central design one complete and one partial ring-and-dot punchmark can be seen parallel to those on the right. The worn and broken edge has most likely removed a third punchmark from this side. The reverse of the brooch is unknown as it has been identified from a front facing photograph. The hinge and catchplates are usually intergrally cast with the brooch, and are situated behing the headplate and footplate respectively. Small long brooches usually have a sprung iron pin, however it is unknown if traces of this survive. The colouration and patina of the brooch is also unknown. This brooch is approximately 30mm long and 15mm wide. Small long brooches date from the early Anglo-Saxon period, circa 475AD through to circa 525AD.

KENT2347: BROOCH
Early Anglo-Saxon bow brooch cast in copper alloy, approximately 50mm long. The semi-circular headplate has an intergral semi-circular knop at its apex. The bow is curved with a prominant ridge running along the centre. The footplate is rectangular, with an intergral semi-circular knop on the two left corners. There are no knops on right hand side corners of the footplate, and the edge where they would have been attached is worn. The footplate terminates in a long, narrow triangular projection. The circumference of the headplate, and the triangular terminal of the brooch are decorated with tripple-pelleted punched triangles. B. Ager (British Museum) believes that the punch decoration can be paralleled in other Anglo-Saxon and contemporary North German and Scandinavian metalwork. The brooch is most likely an Anglo-Saxon immitation of a continental type. The form (but not the decoration) of the brooch is similar to Werner (1961) Katalog der Sammlung Diergardt figure 71. This type of brooch is dated to the late 5th to mid 6th century.

KENT2348: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is approximately 20mm in diameter and has a highly corroded surface. It dates from the mid 5th to the mid 6th century. The rim is slightly damaged, but other than this the brooch is complete. The brooch is decorated with a large ring and dot design (comprised of 3 rings)in the centre, and the border is punched with pellet-in-arc motifs with three large incised concentric circles bordering the inside of the pellet-in-arc rim.

LVPL961: BROOCH
Small penannular bronze object, perhaps a brooch, with one expanded knobbed terminal. Very corroded.

NLM5320: BROOCH
Fragment of the head of an Anglo-Saxon Small long brooch.

YORYM-F0C9C7: BROOCH
An incomplete gilded copper alloy great square-headed brooch of Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date. The brooch is decorated in relief Style I and fits into Hines Group XXII. A small area of textile is present adhered to the headplate. The headplate, which is now in two parts, is flat and rectangular though now incomplete with roughly one quarter having been lost to an old break. It is decorated with an undecorated strip which runs across the lower edge and is interrupted in the middle by the bow above which an undecorated rectangular panel extends. This panel is framed by concentric rectangular borders consisting of three ridges which are 1.6mm, 2.5mm and 1.6mm wide respectively, increasing in size on three sides - the base of each remains open to the undecorated strip. These ridges, in turn, are framed by a wider three sided panel with a central shield shaped device and parallel incised grooves creating a ribbed effect. The grooves on the longest side are vertical while those to either end are horizontal. Three further concentric rectangular borders consisting of three ridges, 1.5mm, 4.1mm and 1.4mm wide respectively surround the decorated panels again on three sides. A pair of long rectangular panels of Style I decoration are present in the upper part of the headplate frame, with an undecorated strip along the very top of the headplate above these panels. Only one panel (on the left as you look at the brooch) survives, with relief decoration of a pointed-oval element at either end and a double longitudinal ridge between. The rest of the headplate frame is undecorated. The edges of the surviving plate fragments have been lost to old breaks and the corrosion on the decoration makes its exact nature difficult to determine though are likely to represent an animal head in profile, at the end of a curving neck that forms the corner. No trace of white-metal coating can be seen on the surviving headplate fragments. A small patch of textile (16.4mm x 8.1mm) is adhered to the headplate to the lower left corner as you look at the brooch. To the reverse of the headplate the remains of a double pin bar lug can be seen bearing iron corrosion product which suggests that some element of the pin mechanism was constructed of iron. The bow projects centrally from the lower edge of the headplate and is arched in profile. It has a central raised flat-topped longitudinal ridge, which begins in the smallest of the rectangular panels on the headplate and tapers in width into the footplate where its terminal is lost to an old break. This type of ridge is commonly found on Group XXII brooches. Recessed rectangular panels flank the ridge and a separately cast circular disc is present at the apex of the bow. The disc is 24.6mm in diameter and is decorated with an undecorated central circular panel, 9.3mm in diameter, which is in turn enclosed by four closely spaced concentric grooves extending to 16.7mm diameter. To the reverse of the bow the copper alloy rivet by which the button is attached can be seen. The centre of the disc, and a strip around its edge, have a white-metal (tin or silver) coating which has decayed to a grey colour. From the lower edge of the bow the integral footplate extends. Much of the original edge of the footplate has been lost to old breaks though it will have been sub-triangular in shape with rounded upper corners and roundels projecting mid-way along either side. Complex Style I decoration adorns the upper surface of the footplate featuring a central raised ring and dot pellet placed on the ridge which extends from the bow. This is set within a lozenge panel of zoomorphic elements, again likely to represent disjointed limbs, framed by three flowing ridges which curve from points to either side of the central pellet into each surviving corner at the top and towards a worn break at the bottom. To the left of the central pellet an integral footplate side lobe or roundel, roughly 14.7mm in diameter, with two internal concentric grooves is present and the remains of a second can be seen to the right, though this has been lost to worn breaks. No trace of white-metal coating can be seen on the surviving side lobe. The terminal of the footplate has also been lost though panels of relief ornamentation in ring and dot style are present to either side of the base of the footplate which appear to be incomplete due to a worn break along the lower edge. To the reverse of the footplate, roughly two-thirds up, a catchplate (13.3mm long) which curls over to the left (when looking at the reverse) remains. It is set upon a longitudinal ridge of which 42.5mm length survives. Traces of gilding remain on the head and footplates and a small area (16.4mm x 8.1mm) of fabric is present adhered to the headplate. The size, condition, elaborate nature and possible association with the fabric suggests this brooch may have been part of a burial. The brooch is 111.2mm long, 51.6mm wide, 2.8mm thick (9.2mm with catchplate) and weighs 76g. As stated above, this brooch is of Hines Group XXII and is similar to an example from Sewerby grave 19 (Hines 1997, pl. 82b). Group XXII is northerly in distribution, particularly around the Humberside region and were generally thought by Hines to be among the latest great square-headed brooches dating to Hines's Phase 3 (c. AD 530 - c. AD 570). Numerous similar great square-headed brooches, though not of the same group, have also been recorded on the PAS database, for examples see: SF-D77DB4, IOW-D986F6, NARC-F91726, NCL-73A081, BERK-E0FC63 and FAHG-7B3D73. The only parallel of Hines Group XXII recorded on the PAS databse however is NCL-A16C02 which is a closer parallel than any of the five brooches in Hines's corpus. This object was found close to YORYM-F1BE89 and YORYM-F1CF56.

KENT-4B2C25: BROOCH
Copper alloy button brooch with gilt on front surface. The design consists of a central circular setting, now empty, which probably contained a garnet. Around this is a band of 'chip-carved' scrollwork, surrounded by a beaded circle. The upturned rim is plain, and damaged/missing around about a third of its circumference. A hinge and catchplate partially survive on the back. Compare KENT-FF2073, which retains its garnet.

ESS-A5BE31: BROOCH
An Early Medieval copper-alloy disc brooch, 5th or early 6th century. It measures 32 mm in diameter and, though incomplete, still shows traces of the spring mechanism on its reverse. The front is decorated with a large central ring and dot motif, surrounded by six smaller ring and dot motifs.

SUR-CF9402: BROOCH
An early Saxon disc brooch. The hinge and catchplate both partially survive though the rim of the brooch is very worn and pitted . The face of the brooch has a central ring-and-dot around which are at least two further concentric circles. The brooch has a dark green patina.

KENT-3764E2: BROOCH
5th-6th century. Copper alloy, cast, saucer brooch. Length=29mm, Width=28mm, Thickness=5mm, Weight=9.4g. Flat disc face with the remains of a raised rim, cast in one piece with six moulded scroll or spiral motifs witihin a border, once gilded - only small remnant left. There is just the base of the lug that once supported the pin and traces of rust from the pin together with a recess where the catch plate once stood. Very badly corroded and with particles of charcoal attached to the face - evidence of burning, possibly from a cremation?

DENO-8BC421: BROOCH
Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch frament, part of head-plate only, 5th-6th century. Undecorated head plate fragment, sides and top of plate broken off (uneven breaks). Transverse ridge at junction of head and the bow; bow broken off. Length 24.62mm, width 27.5mm, thickness including pin hinge 8.3mm, thickness across plate 2.2mm, weight 5.57g.

DENO-8C6345: BROOCH
Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch fragment, 5th-6th century. A small part of the arched bow survives. Foot expands gently towards the base. Double transverse groove at 4mm below the bow, then a raised transverse collar with double grooved line borders. Slight ridge along base of foot. The catchplate is damaged. Mid grey-green patina, some patchy light green metal exposed. Length 31.88mm, width of bow 9.58mm, width at base of foot 13.57mm, thickness including catchplate c.10mm, thickness across base of foot 1.8mm, weight 5.02g.

DENO-8C67F7: BROOCH
Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch fragment, one side nipple only. Waisted, domed nipple with groove around base, iron rod (the pin axis bar) through centre. 5th-6th century. Length 12.27mm, diameter 8.6mm-9.1mm, weight 3.45g.

KENT-CC0B58: BROOCH
An incomplete cast gilt copper-alloy saucer brooch dating to c.430-550, of running six spiral type. The upper surface is decorated with a central boss surrounded by six running scrolls. Gilt is missing over much of the decoration and around the edge of the partially damaged upturned rim. The cast hinge lug and catchplate survive on the reverse, with partial corroded remains of the iron pin.

YORYM-E381F7: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy disc brooch. The front face is decorated with with cells of blue enamel arranged in a 4 petalled flower with 4 white enamel cells forming a cross. There are 8 projecting knops around the edge of the brooch. Behind there are the remains of a hinge pin and catchplate.

LIN-206A71: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy brooch, probably a small long brooch. The headplate is now roughly square, very worn and the perimeter is extremely abraded with no side knops surviving. The bow is short and arched and broken just after its lower end. The surface is pitted and has some iron corrosion covering it, and no decoration is visible. On the reverse of the headplate is a single integral lug for a hinged pin, surrounded by iron corrosion. The pin is missing.

HAMP-232965: BROOCH
***Check findspot against UKDFD*** An early-medieval cast copper-alloy brooch fragment. The bow of an Anglo-Saxon great square headed brooch, with partial remains of the head and footplate. The bow is damaged with a transverse break on each side, the pronounced ridge along the centre of the bow prevented the break extending completely across the bow. The bow is virtually flat in profile, most likely due to post deposition activity, as the profile of bows on great square headed brooches is usually more 'D' shaped. The surviving fragment is 50.57mm long, 23.01mm wide and 9.16mm thick. The wide bow is decorated with a wide vertical ridge along the centre, which is particularly worn at the apex of the bow. A plain relief border encompases the whole bow. To either side of the central ridge are two fields of worn stylized animal ornamentation, seperated by a horizontal band of 3 narrow grooves. The partial remains of the inner headplate is decorated with a worn human facemask motif which is found in Hines Groups III and V. There are two integral pin lugs on the reverse of the headplate, with iron corrosion between as all that survives of the pin. The worn catchplate survives on the reverse of the incomplete footplate. The decoration on the surviving section of footplate is completely worn. The closest parallel to this bow with a facemask motif on the inner headplate is Linton Heath 9, see Hines figure 19 (d) for bow detail and plate 14 (b) for the complete brooch. This would place this brooch in Hines Group III, however without the head and footplate designs this allocation to Group III cannot be certain. Great square headed brooches date from the 6th century AD, from circa 500AD to 570AD.

NCL-B65048: BROOCH
Cast Cu alloy lozengiform openwork brooch from the 10th century. The brooch is lozengiform and has an equal armed cross set in the middle. The spaces between the arms are open and rounded to form circles. The pin is not present. Borre-style decoration dates this to the 10th century.

HAMP-7036F5: BROOCH
An early-medieval brooch of late 5th to 6th century date. Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy disc brooch, comprised of a decorated flat circular disc. The centre of the disc has a ring-and-dot motif, which is surrounded by four equally spaced motifs of the same design. The suface of the brooch is slightly worn in the centre. The pin is missing from the reverse of the brooch. There is a broken and worn hinge lug while the catchplate is complete. The hinge and catchplate are situated behind two of the outer ring-and-dot motifs. The brooch has a mid to dark green patina. The brooch has a diameter of 29.62mm, the plate is 2.1mm thick. The thickness of the brooch including the hinge lug is 4.51mm, and including the catchplate is 6.44mm.

KENT-998063: BROOCH
Part of the footplate of a cast copper alloy small square-headed brooch. The footplate is sub-triangular with the partial remains of a catchplate on the reverse. It is broken just above the junction with the bow, and the terminal of the footplate is missing. Some gilding survives on the front, which is decorated with Style I zoomorphic ornament in the form of an eye in each upper corner panel and an elongated body in each lower corner panel. The foot is divided longitudinally by a central zone of beading between parallel lines, and horizontally two pairs of raised segments terminating in the incomplete remains of what where probably semi-circular panels. Small Square-headed brooches were manufactured in England from circa 500-570 AD.

NCL-C83617: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy small-long brooch of the Early Medieval period. The headplate is missing, broken at the top of the bow. The bow is arched, carinated in front and concave behind, with mouldings at the top and bottom of the bow forming faceted corners . The bow also has a medial ridge. The foot at the bottom of the bow begins as a flat panel that ends in 5 raised transverse ribs. Below the ribbing is a flaring/triangular terminal with a wide base with a thickened edge. Ring-and-dot decoration is stamped down either side of the lower plate terminal. A portion of the catchplate remains on the underside of the foot plate below the bow. Otherwise, the underside is undecorated.

NCL-C83CC2: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch of the Early Medieval period. The brooch is incomplete, with only the bow, the base of the head plate, and the upper part of the foot plate remaining. The head plate is flat and undecorated with a straight-ish breakline on the right and left sides of the plate. An irregular breakage occurred at the top of the head plate. It is not clear whether the head had any top or side knobs. The bow has a rounded medial ridge and is faceted at the corners. In section, it is carinated in front and concave behind. Below the bow, a trapezoidal panel ends with a break, and decorated with a pair of parallel incised lines. Flanking the panel are semi-circular lappets, each with a central perforation and decorated around the outer edge with ring-and-dot. The lappet on the right side is incomplete, while only a minor segment is missing from the left-side lappet. The underside of the brooch bears a shank on the head plate, and most of the catchplate is seen on the panel below the bow.

HAMP-16ECF4: BROOCH
Early Medieval Brooch. Incomplete cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch of mid 5th century date. The small square shaped head plate has a raised transverse moulding just below an integrally cast fully rounded knob at the apex. This knob has a circular cross section. The sides of the headplate are not broken, as the two side knobs would have been attached to prongs on the side of the pin fitting. A sub-triangular hinge lug is located on the reverse of the headplate at the centre, with slight remains of the copper pin. There is a transverse groove at the base of the headplate before the curved bow. The bow is plain and undecorated. It has a 'D' shaped profile and a slightly pointed 'D' shaped section. There is a worn break at the foot of the bow. The foot plate is missing, however it would have had an animal head terminal. The brooch has a mid-green patina, and the surviving fragment is in good condition. It is 33.59mm long, 7.4mm wide and 10.68mm thick.

LEIC-6C7D97: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, 27mm long, 12mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in poor condition, being very worn, with a green patina and weighs 3.69 grams. The fragment is sub rectangular in form and has a semi-circular section. It consists of part of the bow of a brooch and has the remains of a catchplate running down the centre of its reverse. The front has two distinct areas of decoration, the lower part is made up of five horizontal raised ridges and its upper part has a chamferred surface. It matches very closely with the corresponding part of brooch 1300 in Hattatt's Ancient Brooches.

LIN-AC4C75: BROOCH
Probable zoomorphic foot from a cruciform brooch. The brooch has a rectangular shank with three incised transverse collars. There is a double moulded ridge below leading into an animals head. The head has two bulbous eyes and a rounded, pierced snout.

LIN-93F007: BROOCH
Approximately half of a copper alloy annular brooch. The brooch has a flat frame, 6mm in width and 1mm thick. At one end the brooch is broken at a narrowed section of frame, which would have acted as the restriction for the pin. The surface of the frame is worn next to this break but then clears up revealing a punched ring and dot with four incised transverse lines next to it. After the lines is another ring and dot motif. Next to this are two long bands of punched dots with a ring and dot at the end and three incised transverse lines. The frame is broken at this point.

HAMP-0F7312: BROOCH
Early Medieval cloisonné disc brooch of 10th to 11th century date. The circular brooch has 12 evenly spaced semi-circular lobes around the edge, all but one are damaged and incomplete. Lobes of cloisonné brooches sometimes contain enamel, however due to the condition of the brooch it is unclear if enamel was ever present on the lobes. The centre of the brooch is decorated with a floral motif of interlocking wire cells filled with enamel. There is a sub-circular setting at the centre, filled with a light blue enamel. Four petals surround, which are comprised of 'heart-shaped' wire settings, filled with white enamel, some of which is now missing. The remainder of the circular decorative zone is filled with dark blue enamel, held in place by a raised copper alloy border which has traces of gilding. The colours of the enamel are given as they appear today, however they may not be the original colours of enamel due to corrosion which can cause the pigments of the enamel to degrade. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of the applied hinge lug and catchplate, and traces of gilding adhere to the edges. The surface has a very dark green-black patina. The brooch has a diameter of 21.99mm and has a maximum, thickness of 5.94mm. Similar brooches can be seen in Buckton 'Late 10th- and 11th-century cloisonne enamel brooches'in Medieval Archaeology (1986) Volume 30.

KENT-DF7D60: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon small square headed brooch cast in copper alloy. Only the headplate and bow survives. The headplate is rectangular, measuring 21.78mm by 12.48mm with extremely worn edges, and is 3.03mm thick. The headplate is decorated with geometric designs. There is a central raised rectangle containing 5 small ring and dot motifs. This is bordered by 5 rectangles, alternating between depressed and raised. The outer, depressed border only extends around the top and side edges of the headplate, with a wide, raised border along the base. The short bow is wide and slightly curved, measuring 10.14mm in length, 10.23mm in width and 2.34mm thick. It is decorated with a prominant central ridge along its length, with four smaller ridges to either side. There is a worn break at the base of the bow where the footplate would have been attached. The reverse of the brooch is extremely worn, with the partial remains of an integrally cast hinge lug on the reverse of the headplate, with a small trace of iron corosion to either side. The lug increases the thickness of the brooch to 5.21mm.The brooch has a mid green patina, and is a dark green-black colour on parts of the decorative design. A small amount of gilt is adhering to the surface in one of the recessed borderd on the headplate. The measurements for the whole fragment are 21.03mm long, 21.78mm wide and 5.21mm thick.

KENT-459AF8: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Medieval small long brooch cast in copper alloy. Only the headplate and partial bow survives. There is a central ring-and-dot design, bordered by 4 more ring-and-dot motifs. One corner of the headplate is mising, the break is worn. There is a hinge lug on the reverse. The surface has been tinned. It is 16.89mm long, 20.67mm wide and 10.24mm thick.

SUR-582D91: BROOCH
An early Saxon saucer brooch. The edge is missing but the hinge and catchplate survive at the back. The decoration comprises six swirling scrolls around a central double circle. The object is heavily encrusted with soil deposits.

NMGW-FF0EE5: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy penannular brooch of Type G and of 5th to 6th century date The brooch is incomplete, missing one terminal and the pin, and has a surviving weight of 3.0g. The brooch is slightly oval with a width of 20.7mm and a height of 18.4mm. The frame is of circular section and has a diameter of between 2.9 and 3.4mm. The terminal is cuboid (6.4mm long, 6.1mm high and 3.8mm thick) with faceted sides, now rounded through water-rolling. There is the suggestion of an incised saltire cross surviving on one face of the terminal. The surface of the brooch has been lost and the copper alloy has a pale green patina. Areas of brown staining on the frame may be the result of iron corrosion, possibly from the pin. The brooch is of Fowler’s (1963, p 98-160) Type G, Fowler outlines the problems in dating brooches of this type and suggests a wide date range from the 4th century through to the 8th century (ibid, p 107-9), although this example is likely to date to the 5th or 6th century.

LIN-6CC476: BROOCH
A complete cast copper-alloy ansate brooch dating to the middle Anglo-Saxon period. The brooch measures 39mm in length. The bow is rectangular in shape and arched with a flat circular terminal at either end. The circular terminals have a diameter of 12mm each. Either circular terminal is decorated with a cross in the centre formed by four petal shaped cells. This is set within four further petal shaped cells forming a rough circle around the cross. On the reverse of the terminals is a complete pin bar lug and the remains of a catch plate. The pin is missing. This ansate brooch is similar to examples discovered in Ipswich (West 1998, 216, fig 98, no 1-7) and numerous other examples on the PAS database.

SWYOR-A8E163: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment of the foot of a long brooch. The fragment consists of oval "nostrils" in relief with a spatulate extension below. The fragment is only 17.8mm long, 15.5mm wide and 3mm thick. The break appears to be old and patinated. The reverse of the spatulate extension is smooth and flat, but the area behind the nostrils and between them is slightly concave, more corroded and roughened. The smooth surfaces of the fragment have a deep green patina. Similar examples can be found on many of the brooches in "A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material from Suffolk" by West (1998), and it is likely that this example dates from the fifth or sixth century.

NARC-182C95: BROOCH
A worn cast copper-alloy brooch dating to early-medieval period. The brooch consists of a headplate which is square with rounded corners, arched bow and foot. Following old damage the head and foot are no longer on the same plane. The headplate is worn and abraded; all presence of any potential former knobs has been lost in old damage. On the reverse of the headplate is an abraded pin lug. The pin is missing. At the junction of headplate and bow is a pair of raised transverse ridges. The bow has a median ridge where two facets meet. It is otherwise undecorated. Before the bow drops down to become the foot there are four raised transverse ridges echoing those described above. As with the rest of the brooch the foot is abraded with a damaged patina. Its form is indistinct, but might be zoomorphic. On the reverse of the foot, towards the top end, is the worn catchplate. The brooch resists easy classification since wear has deprived it of diagnostic features at both head and foot. However, the most sensible classification remains that of a small-long brooch given the artefact's size and simplicity. Such brooches have been described by Hattatt (1985, 211) as 'the poor relations of the finer Cruciform and Square-headed Brooches'. Hattatt continues: 'They follow the general form but are much simpler...clearly made for the lower end of the market.' The small-long brooch is an Anglo-Saxon form and is generally datable to the sixth century AD.

BERK-38B2A8: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch. The brooch comprises four concentric circular mouldings enclosing a double five-pointed star with rounded ends. There is a concentric circle at the centre enclosing a central circular pellet. The outer edges are damaged and partially chipped at one side. The fastening comprises a single pierced lug which is now broken. The catchplate is also broken and the pin is missing. Dimensions: Thickness 2.35mm; diameter 43.1mm; weight 15.85g

NARC-52A3F6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy plate brooch dating to the early-medieval period. Viking brooch similar to Hattatt (1989, 223; ref. 1700). Openwork lozenge form, moulded in Borre-style relief. Hinged pin (now missing). Scandinavian. Jane Kershaw included this brooch in her study (2009). Scandinavian is most probable but it can't be confirmed.

NLM-BBFB23: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Both the small head-plate and the single hinge behind it are completely covered with a thick copper corrosion. Both the top and side knobs are missing and this early example of a cruciform brooch does not have wings. The narrow high-arched bow carinated at the front and flat behind. The tapering foot has two collars and an animal head terminal, which is also encrusted with corrosion. Behind the foot is a complete catchplate with a length of 19.6mm and a width of 8.4mm. Although most of the brooch is covered in corrosion, the original surface has been tinned. The length of the brooch is 59.2mm, the width is 10.5mm and the weight is 9.58g.

LIN-FC1347: BROOCH
Lead disc brooch. The brooch has a pelleted border and a blundered Jellinge style dragon-like animal looking left. The reverse has a broken pin lug and catchplate. The pin is missing. Included in Kershaw 2010 as catalogue no. 487. Kershaw 2013 allocates this brooch to Jansson's type I C (2013, 110).

LVPL-4EEDA6: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the sixth century AD. Head missing, arched bow with facetted bottom corners, (the top corners are missing) deeply concave behind with medial moulding on the front; transverse beaded moulding at junction with bow, transverse lines below, semi-circular lappet to either side (one missing), step at junction with foot; animal head terminal with prominent eyes, V-shaped step to nose decorated with triple incised lines, fused nostrils with terminal loop supporting a split bronze ring.

CAM-B7D6A3: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy small long brooch dating to the fifth or sixth centuries AD. The fragment comprises the head plate and a small section of the bow. The head plate is flat and trefoil shaped. A slightly raised rectangular central panel is visible. The margins of the head plate are decorated with a row of incised dots. The head plate extends to the bow which is arched and D shaped in section. On the underside of the head plate is a worn semi-circular lug to hold the pin mechanism. The fragment measures 36mm in length and 38mm in width.

WMID-345866: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy possible small-long brooch, dating to the Early Medieval period between AD 400-600 (length: 17mm; width: 28mm; thickness: 12mm; weight: 8.56g). This fragment appears to be part of the flat sectioned head-plate (broken and incomplete) and arched bow (also broken and incomplete) of a small-long brooch, with a ridge and recess moulding directly above the arch and two irregular incised lines running down the length of the arch. Additionally, there is a faint crescent ridge radiating from the top of the arch onto the head-plate. The back of the artefact is undecorated. Overall, the possible brooch fragment is in a worn and corroded condition with none of the original patina remaining. Similar examples are illustrated in MacGregor, A & Bolick, E, 1993, ‘Ashmolean Museum, Oxford: A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections (Non-Ferrous Metals)’, pages 124-147, particularly ref no 15.11, found in an excavated grave at Brighthampton, Oxfordshire.

LVPL-C86A61: BROOCH
Fragment of bow of Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Band of double lines, remnant of animal head terminal. Catchplate present.

LIN-1A0841: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy brooch, probably 6th century in date. Almost the entire perimeter of the object is a break. Currently the brooch looks like an S-shape, and one 'end' looks like an animals head in profile, however there is no catchplate on the reverse of it and the edges are all incomplete suggesting that the shape is coincidental. The top end of the brooch again has no complete edges, although on the reverse there is a single lug for a pin. The main internal curve approximately one third of the way down the brooch appears to be original.

LIN-1AB297: BROOCH
Complete copper alloy penannular bracelet or brooch, if the latter of Fowler Type F1. The object has a distorted hoop, circular in cross-section and terminating with an abstract animals head at either end. The animal heads are very worn however the ears, eyes and snouts are defined by straight facets.

LIN-543EE2: BROOCH
Foot from an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The brooch has a shovel shaped foot decorated with two horizontal grooves at the terminal edge. The foot has a moulded collar above and is broken thereafter. The reverse of the brooch has no catchplate.

SUR-543681: BROOCH
The upper plate and bow of an Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. On the reverse of the surviving plate are the remains of an iron spring. At the centre of the plate are two concentric circles and a central dot. The plate itself has four notches cutting deeply in from the edge.

SUR-545C71: BROOCH
An Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. The brooch is complete save for the pin and part of the catchplate, while the edges of the two originally rectangular plates are very eroded. On the reverse are the remains of an iron spring.

SUR-5477E3: BROOCH
An Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. Around the circumference is a series of eight punched ring and dot stamps; there is a ninth in the centre. The surface of the brooch was once covered with a white metal coating, some of which still survives. On the back parts of the spring housing and catchplate are missing, together with the spring and pin.

NLM-E7EC41: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon Cruciform brooch. The trapezoidal head-plate has a large double ring and dot motif in the centre and is slightly broken along the top edge. Both the integral wings are broken around the edges top surface, which is decorated with incised diagonal lines, is flaked away. Both the top and side knobs are missing. Behind the head-plate is a single hinge, which is obscured on one side by corrosion from a missing iron pin. The arched bow is carinated at the front and concave behind and has faceted corners. The brooch is broken just below the bow and the foot-plate is missing. The surviving length is 45.2mm, the width is 25.3mm and the weight is 19.26g.

KENT-FE9F77: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch has a narrow headplate, with a single fully-rounded knob projecting from the top edge. The footplate is missing, with a worn break at the junction with the bow. The bow is narrow with rectangular sections at each end. The worn remains of a single lug for the attachment of the spring and pin is present on the back of the headplate.

KENT-FEE760: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon button brooch of cast copper alloy. Button brooches are circular brooches, similar to Saucer brooches but smaller in size, and decorated with a face mask design. The face mask is comprised of: a rounded, undecorated helmet. The eyebrow elements is combined with the nose and narrow cheeks to form a mask surrounding the rounded eyes. There are no eye-rings, these are probably combined with the cheeks to form the lower part of the mask. The mouth is comprised of an off centre lozenge shape. The face is surrounded by a raised ring - it may have been beaded, but is very worn. There is a shallow upturned rim. A very small amount of gilt remains on the brooch, covering approximately 2mm on the rim at the base of the brooch. Corroded surface, dull brown patina. Pin lug is surrounded by iron corrosion, probably the remains of the pin. The catchplate is present, but incomplete. The pin ran across the face, the pin lug is and the catchplate is at 87 degrees. An example of Avent and Evison's Class Di.

KENT-FF2971: BROOCH
Head and footplate of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. Curved head-plate with single fully-rounded knob projecting from top edge. The foot-plate is missing, with a worn break at the junction with the bow. A single perforated lug on the reverse of the headplate acted as a hinge for the spring and pin; corroded remains of the iron spring are still attached.

KENT-FF5501: BROOCH
Headplate of a cast copper alloy small long brooch. The headplate is rectangular with a semi-circular plate projecting from the top edge. There is no trace of the bow or side projections, though this was presumably a brooch with a cruciform headplate. There is a single perforated lug on the reverse to act as a hinge for the spring and pin. No trace of the spring and pin survives.

KENT-007C80: BROOCH
Small gilded copper alloy cast saucer brooch with shallow upturned rim. In the centre is a raised flat-topped circular boss, immediately surrounded by a raised ring. A wide field surrounds this, decorated with raised oblique elements to give the effect of ropework. There is a further narrow raised ring before the shallow upturned rim. The brooch is incomplete as the rim is missing from just under half of the edge. The pin lug and catchplate are missing on the reverse, the catch being rather worn. There is a very small amount of iron corrosion on the reverse, by the lug, suggesting an iron pin. Ropework or cabling can be seen on other cast saucer brooches, e.g. NMGW-620AD3. For other small saucer brooches, albeit with different designs, compare KENT-355DA7, IOW-A44C21 and KENT-30F985. A very similar brooch, but with a central garnet, was found in grave 556 at Frénouville, Calvados (Avent and Evison 1982, 93, pl. XVIIIb). Avent and Evison comment that this is "a type of small button brooch which occurs more often on the Continent than in England, its distribution stretching from France to Switzerland", but as button brooches are now defined by having decoration based on a single human face (Suzuki 2008, xxv) these brooches sit more happily within the cast saucer brooch tradition.

KENT-00FE07: BROOCH
Headplate and part of bow of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The bow is convex, and comprises a sub-rectangular central section flanked by rectangular wings. A single fully-rounded knob projects from the top of the head. There is a single central perforated lug in the reverse for the attachment of the spring-pin mechanism, of which no trace survives. The bow, which is broken with a worn transverse break just over half way down its length, is 15.49mm wide. The bow has a triangular section, but with a rectangular thickening at the junction with the headplate, which was presumably repeated at the junction with the footplate.

KENT-142506: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon button brooch. The brooch is very worn, with no surviving rim and only partial remains of the catchplate and lug for the attachment of the pin on the reverse. The design on the front is a fairly crude engraving of a human face-mask; there are traces of gilt present in the incised areas. B misc

LIN-0FFB22: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy small long brooch. The brooch has a damaged trefoil head with an inner perimeter of pairs of stamped crescents. There are two transversely incised lines below at the start of the bow. The bow is faceted and is covered with randomly placed worn ring and dot motifs. There are two further transversly incised lines at the base of the bow. There is a flat panel below the bow divided by two incised lines, and two moulded and incised collars below. The foot is triangular and has a perimeter of pairs of punched crescents. There is a single copper alloy lug for the pin on the reverse surrounded by iron corrosion. The catchplate is intact apart from the rolled over top. The pin is missing. Similar examples are recorded as NMS-496236, LEIC-9F7378 and NMS 01AD32.

BERK-A89520: BROOCH
An early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper alloy button brooch (AD450-550). The circular brooch had the remains of the catchplate and double lugs on the reverse with a few traces of iron corrosion. The pin is no longer present. The raised edges of the brooch are broken, so that the face of the brooch is all one level. The breaks have the same mid-dark green patina as the reverse. The front of the brooch has a carved stylized human face/anthropomorphic face mask. Carved curvilinear lines depict centrally parted hair, prominent brows, lentoid eyes with underlines and a down-turned moustache and mouth. Approximately 90 percent of the gilding remains on the front surface. Dimensions: Thickness 5.35mm; diameter 15.77mm; weight 3.16g MacGregor, A and Bolick, E. A summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections (non ferrous metals). Ashmolean Museum Oxford British Archaeological Reports 230 Oxford

LIN-8A33E0: BROOCH
Copper alloy side knop from the headplate of a cruciform brooch. The knop is half-rounded and has a collar beneath with a slot for attachment to the headplate on the bottom. There is a hole drilled vertically through the knop.

LIN-8AB2D7: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy cruciform or small long brooch. The brooch has a very worn an incomplete head however the entire original perimeter is now lost. The bow is faceted and sub-triangular in cross-section. The brooch below the bow is missing.

NLM-2F4887: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon Small-Long Brooch. The square head-plate has some punched dots around the edge. Behind the head-plate are two perforated lugs that are encrusted in iron corrosion. This suggests that the missing pin was iron. The arched bow is carinated in front, concave behind and has a central vertical groove. The brooch is broken at the bottom of the bow and the footplate is missing. The surviving length of the brooch is 29.6mm, the length of the head-plate is 16.9mm, the width of the head-plate is 18.8mm and the weight is 4.74g.

WILT-30B2F5: BROOCH
A complete copper alloy early Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. It is flat and circular, 44.6mm in diameter. The brooch has a 4.2mm wide undecorated rim running around it which is now a dark grey colour, but was originally described as retaining traces of gilding. Within this is a zone of decoration set slightly lower than the rim and covered with thick yellow gilding. The decoration consists of four axe-shaped areas of chip-carved decoration in Salin's Style I. These areas are almost identical, each being a symmetrical composition of two drop-shapes backed by a double curved ridge filling the wider corners, and an S-shape in the narrower stem, separated either by a double beaded ridge (in two panels), a single tapering ridge, or a groove. These panels are separated by four equidistant circular flat-topped bosses which are on a level with the rim, if not slightly higher. They are filled with the decaying remains of a now orange-red glass or enamel. The sides of these bosses are steeply sloped, and still retain their thick covering of gilding. The gilding has worn away from the very edges of the glass or enamel, revealing dark grey copper alloy. At the centre is another steeply sloped boss which has gilding on its slopes, but not on the top, revealing a ring of dark grey copper alloy. This boss appears to be set with a now very green 'setting' of copper alloy, engraved with a ring-and-dot motif at its centre. The green setting is 9.3mm in diameter, the ungilded frame 12.2mm in diameter. The reverse retains much corroded iron lying along the line of the pin, between the lug and the catchplate, which are both parallel to the pin. With the lug at the top, viewed from the reverse, the catchplate curls to the right; this is the opposite direction to almost all Roman and early Anglo-Saxon catchplates. Total dimensions are diameter 44.6mm, thickness 5.2mm, weight 25.61g. This brooch has links to keystone brooches of the 6th century AD, but is not very like any recorded so far.

BERK-D96141: BROOCH
An Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper alloy saucer brooch (5th-early 7th century). On the reverse are the remains of a single lug and catchplate. No trace of the spring or the pin remains. Approximately 50% of the rim and part of the face of the brooch is missing. The breaks have the same dark green patina as the rest of the surface suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity. The remaining rim has a flared profile. The decoration is cast within the central flat field. The design comprises six running spirals around a central circular motif - probably a ring and dot, but it is now indistinct. Traces of gilding remain in the recesses of the running spiral motif. Dimensions: Diameter 27.68mm; thickness 1.59mm; weight 4.53g

LIN-66FCD8: BROOCH
Foot from a copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The brooch has a rectangular panel at the top which is broken presumably just after the bow. The rectangular panel is further divided into three smaller panels, each decorated with four incised transverse lines. A deep channel seperates each panel. The foot is in the form of an animals head. The eyes or ears are depicted by a small moulding to either side whilst the forehead is decorated by two lines of punched crescents running down the centre. The nostrils are scroll-shaped and the snout is shovel shaped. The centre of the either nostril contains a circular hole. The reverse is plain.

LIN-6BF926: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy brooch, probably a cruciform brooch. The headplate is rectangular and is missing its side wings. The vertical sides of the headplate are decorated with a row of punched paired crescents. The wing arms before the break are recessed and grooved. At the top of the headplate is a composite knop. The knop is fully rounded and has two incised bands around the the upper part. Below is a narrowed concave shank with another incised collar below. The knop terminates with a small extension below. The bow is faceted and collared above and below. The bow face is decorated with a groove down the centre with an incised vertical line to either side. The perimeter of the bow has a row or punched dots. There is a grooved and faceted rectangular panel below the bow. The foot is missing. On the reverse of the headplate is a single lug for a spring. There is iron corrosion around the lug. Part of the catchplate remains on the reverse.

HAMP-6C8F66: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy button brooch of early-medieval date. The rim is upturned, with a missing element as a result of old damage. The upper face is decorated with a central moulded anthropomorphic face-mask. The face is at three-quarters to the viewer. A single element is formed of helmet, eyebrows and nose. The cheeks and eyerings consist of cramped bars on either side of squinting angular eyes. The mouth has a central horizontal split. Little gilding survives on the face-mask or its raised circular border. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a pin lug and a catchplate, the former having a small amount of iron corrosion around it, implies that an iron pin was originally attached to the brooch. They are essentially aligned down the length of the face. These characteristics and decorative motifs suggest that this button brooch ought to be classified as an Avent & Evison Class G brooch, albeit the mouth is seemingly not split completely. This type of brooch dates from the early Anglo-Saxon period, between the late fifth and mid-sixth centuries. According to Avent and Evison (1982, 84) Class G button brooches have a distribution generally limited to Hampshire, Wiltshire and the Upper Thames area, a distribution into which this example fits nicely.

WMID-A7D022: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy probable Square-Headed brooch, with small traces of probable silvering and gilding, dating to the 5th/ 6th century, between AD 500 – 575 (length: 50mm; width: 30.5mm; thickness: 15.5mm; weight: 19.2g). Only part of the flat-sectioned head plate and arched bow remain with extensive low-relief chip carved ornament particularly on the head plate where a double-ridged border circling uncertain decoration (due to wear and corrosion) appears to the left and right of what appears to be a small circular platform (diameter: 6mm), which in turn rests over a prominent triple-ridged (probably) mid-rib that runs down the centre of the length of the whole artefact fragment. Additionally, there appears to be two other circular platforms amongst other uncertain decoration, one to either side of the mid-rib immediately above the break at the bottom of the brooch’s arched bow. At the back of the brooch, just below the break on the head plate, there is a copper alloy double hinge mechanism (length: 9mm; width: 12.5mm) with an axis bar (thickness: 1.5mm), probably made of iron, still connected between the two through small holes in each hinge. Even though it is now missing, it is likely that the pin would have also been made if iron. Overall, the brooch is in a worn and corroded condition, with very little of the original patina remaining, making it difficult to identify any of the decoration. There are particular substantial remains of silvering and gilding on the front of the artefact. Similar examples of Square-Headed brooches are illustrated in MacGregor, A & Bolick, E, 1993, ‘A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections (Non-Ferrous Metals)’ in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, pages 111 – 120, ref nos 13.1 – 13.16. MacGregor & Bolick state that these artefacts ‘represent the largest and most baroque form of the Anglo-Saxon bow brooch’. They continue to state that these brooches originated in fifth-century Scandinavia, and were ‘introduced to England shortly before AD 500. Although Kent figures prominently in the local development of this type, there is evidence for independent influence directly from Scandinavia to both Anglian and Saxon areas of southern England. The brooches’ popularity was maintained until the end of the third quarter of the sixth century, after which time it waned rapidly’ (page 111).

CAM-BDAF53: BROOCH
A lead brooch dating to the tenth or eleventh centuries AD. The brooch is flat and circular in shape. It is decorated with three concentric ribs. At the centre is a small circular knop. On the underside of the brooch is a sub-rectangular catchplate and a loop to hold the pin in place. The brooch measures 41mm in diameter and 5mm in thickness.

CAM-BE02A4: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the sixth or seventh centuries AD. The fragment comprises the headplate of the brooch and is rectangular with a raised central panel. Both the inner and the outer panels are decorated with rows of stamped crescents. The headplates possesses semi-circular section side knops and a head knop. These are ribbed and grooved. On the underside, a small portion of the perforated pin lug survives. The fragment measures 29mm in length and 39mm in width.

WAW-255F48: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Early Medieval brooch, probably the backplate from an applied saucer brooch but possibly a disc brooch. It was probably originally circular, now incomplete,and flat. The upper surface of the brooch has an intermittent encrustation, which may be solder or may be a corrosion product. Otherwise the surface of the brooch has a dark green/brown coloured surface. There is a small projection from one broken edge, and on the underside of this projection is an incomplete integral catchplate. The catchplate is now a semi-circular lug with abraded edges. On the reverse opposite the catchplate there are two parallel integral lugs; one is more complete than the other. These lugs originally would have formed the double hinge for the pin. There is no evidence for the axis bar, spring or pin. The brooch measures 43.75mm long, 30.68mm wide and 6.71mm thick. It weighs 10.64g. Compare cast backplates from applied saucer brooches at LIN-A6943E and NMS-C5D5B1. Compare disc brooches with double pin lugs at PUBLIC-A6D716, SF-E14483 and WAW-CE7213; all of these, though, have some decoration. Both types date to the 5th to 6th centuries.

LIN-6244A7: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy Cruciform or Great Square Headed brooch. Only the lower part of the bow and the panel below it survives. The bow is faceted and leads into a square panel below. The square panel has a perimeter of punched crescents. The panel has a worn decorative wing to either side comprising what looks like a pair of confronted beasts forming and arch enclosing a pair of moulded crescents or tendrils. The catchplate survives on the reverse.

An incomplete cast copper-alloy early-medieval disc brooch with relatively elaborate decoration (Anglo-Saxon: 5th/6th century AD). The brooch is now sub-circular, possibly due to wear. The reverse features a pair of aligned lugs near the circumference. The catchplate has been abraded, as has the pin lug whose top is missing from the perforation upwards. The upper surface is decorated by a central ring-and-dot surrounded by a pair of concentric circles. Surrounding these are thirteen ?punched ring-and-dot motifs arranged in a loosely circular fashion. Between these and the concentric circles are a further eight ring-and-dots with a much more shallow impression; these are placed irregularly. Outside the 'ring' of thirteen ring-and-dot motifs are a number of stamped double 'V's, again irregularly placed. Around the circumference are traces of incised notches; the majority appear to have been worn away. Overall, the decoration makes for an Anglo-Saxon brooch which is relatively elaborate by comparison with those illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 57-68).

LIN-9FE372: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch or pin head, possibly middle Anglo-Saxon in date. The object is circular, flat and decorated on the face with a quatrefoil of four triangles with their apexes meeting in the centre, each formed by an incised zig-zagged line (also called rocker-arm). The reverse has no lug or catchplate, nor any rivet holes, but there is a rectangular light-coloured strip across the centre where a plate (pin shaft or brooch pin) was perhaps once soldered to the brooch. Diameter 24mm.

NCL-B42A31: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy fragment of an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The object is corroded, and only the headplate and top knob survive. The top knob is half-round, flat on the reverse, with a waist across the centre. It is cast in one with the headplate, which has a central panel and the remains of two slightly flatter wings. There are possibly slight hints of annulet stamps down at least one vertical edge of the central panel. On the reverse are the slight remains of a single pin bar lug, consisting of a highly corroded lump in the centre of the headplate. The plate measures 29.96mm wide; the knob is 10.58mm wide and 13.98mm long.

SWYOR-2D9C18: BROOCH
Early Medieval Small-long brooch dating from 5th-6th century. Only the bow and foot of the brooch survive and the breaks are old. The bow has a central ridge running down it and there is moulding in the form of transverse bands where it joins the foot. The edges of the foot are bevelled and there is a second section of transverse band moulding near tot he bottom of the foot. The terminal of the foot flares out slightly. On the back of the brooch, the catchplate survives and is at the top of the foot. Inside the catch are the remains of an iron pin. The brooch weighs 5.56g and measures 41.23mm in length, 8mm in width and 15.12mm in thickness (including the bow and catchplate).

SWYOR-2E91B7: BROOCH
Early Medieval Small-long brooch dating from 5th-6th century. A small part of the head plate survives as do the bow and foot; the breaks are old. The bow has a central ridge running down it and there is moulding in the form of a single transverse bands at the top and bottom where it joins the head plate and foot. The foot is short and tapers inwards slightly at the terminal, it is decorated with an incised cross. The surviving part of the central panel of the head plate also appears to have an incised cross on it. On the back of the brooch, part of the catchplate survives and is at the top of the foot. The brooch weighs 7.32g and measures 41.37mm in length, 12.33mm in width and 15mm in thickness (including the bow and catchplate).

A fragmentary strip of copper-alloy, possibly the foot of a brooch. The object is 28 mm in length and tapers from 9 mm wide to 2 mm. The object has been bent out of shape, probably during post-deposition. Traces of linear decoration can just be made out on one side of the object. The reverse seems undecorated. If this item is a fragment from a brooch then it is possible that it is Anglo-saxon.

KENT-625842: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy miniature radiate-headed brooch, with rounded headplate with projecting top knop, sub-rectangular bow and elongated tapering foot which is broken off towards the terminal. The single lug on the reverse of the headplate has its perforation filled with the remains of a copper-alloy spring/pin. This brooch has been classed as a miniature radiate-headed brooch, due to the semi-circular headplate which is shared with Frankish radiate-headed brooches. However, the headplate on this brooch form does not have the multiple radiating knops around its circumference which gives the radiate brooches their name. Continental brooches of a similar form have been termed 'miniaturefibeln' or miniature brooches. A further study on these small semi-circular headed brooches is needed to understand their relationship with other brooch forms from this period. Barry Ager writes: This brooch appears to be broadly related to Koch's mainly mid to later 5th-century 'Formengruppe Bulles/Lauriacum (Sindelfingen)(II.1), found particularly in northern France and the mid/upper Rhineland region. But there is one example from Bifrons, gr. 16, and a couple from Spain, so it is more western European than anything very specific. The square shape of the bow on this example is rather unusual, so perhaps it is a local version and possibly a bit later in date.

Foot and lower part of bow of a cast copper alloy bow brooch, possibly an Anglo-Saxon Small Long brooch.

NMS-8BB4FD: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform of Åberg's (1926) Group I, the side-knobs, the base of the bow and all of the footplate missing. The top knob is fully round and waisted with twin engraved lines on lower part, and overlapping D-sectioned tab. Pitting on either side of the raised central panel. There is a rectangular panel withtwin grooves at the top of the D-sectioned bow. On the reverse there is an incomplete single pin lug within iron corrosion and staining. Ancient breaks. Extant length 37.5mm. Extant width 18mm. Weight 10.54g. Martin 2015 Kentish Type 1.2 'Howlets'. According to Martin 'The top-knob with a tab is restricted solely to the Kentish series amoung group 1 brooches'. However, a number of such top-knobs have been found in Norfolk, eg. NMS-50637B, NMS-CB4EF6, 4E6516 and 142297 (and many other examples of detached possible top or side knobs with tabs). c.420 - c.475 AD.

WAW-F41664: BROOCH
This is possibly a backplate from an Early Medieval applied saucer brooch. It is made from cast copper alloy with the remains of an iron pin on the reverse. It is circular, 45.4mm diameter. In depth it is 10.8mm. It weighs 18.10g. The main, uncorroded component of the brooch is a circular disc of copper alloy which has a slightly concave upper surface. It is the upper surface of the brooch which is unusual. The concave disc appears to be filled with a soft and flaking secondary portion of copper alloy which holds the decoration. It appears as if the decoration has been impressed onto the surface. Whether this happened in reality is doubtful. Only occassional irregular linear grooves are visiable of the decoration and occassional flecks of gilding. This component of the brooch does appear to sit on top of the circular disc. On the reverse there are two integral lugs to the disc. One lug is curled which presumably is the catchplate. The second lug is incomplete and has a 'n' shaped terminal, suggesting perhaps originally there was a hole here. Around this lug and towards the catchplate there is corroded iron and iron staining suggesting the pin was originally made of iron. If this is an applied saucer brooch it is likely to be dated to the 5th to early 6th centuries.

LIN-ED1FE6: BROOCH
Copper alloy foot and bow from a cruciform brooch. The bow is faceted. The terminal is in the form of a beasts head, however wear and sporadic patches of corrosion have blurred the details of the eyes and ears. The snout is shovel shaped. There is a small catchplate on the reverse spanning the length of the flat panel between the bow and the zoomorphic terminal.

LIN-299427: BROOCH
Copper alloy small long brooch fragment. Only the headplate and the upper part of the bow survives. The headplate is rectangular with concave upper corners and notches either side of the bow. There are two drilled holes in the headplate. The bow is short and arched. There is a single lug on the reverse to accomodate a hinged pin. There is iron corrosion around the lug.

LIN-29E345: BROOCH
Copper alloy small long brooch fragment. Only the headplate and the upper part of the bow survives. The headplate is rectangular with a small circular indentation in each corner. In the centre of the headplate is another indented circle with two circles surrounding it. The bow is faceted and ridged. The break at the bow is well patinated.

LIN-AB9453: BROOCH
Copper alloy small long brooch. The headplate is square surrounded by three collared crescentric knops. The bow is short and arched. The foot is missing. Lug for hinged pin on reverse.

HESH-BD1AD8: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy disc brooch of probable late Roman or early medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date (200-720 AD). The brooch is sub-circular in plan. It has a diameter of 32.3mm and is 4mm thick. The front of the brooch is concave; however, there are a series of raised concentric decorative ridges and a central convex circular dome. The rear of the brooch is flat apart from a large concretion of iron corrosion. This is located in the upper half of the rear and measures 16.4mm long and 26.8mm wide; it projects 6.2mm. The brooch weighs 10.61 grams. The front of the brooch is formed from a single cast disc of copper alloy. The profile of the front of the brooch is concave and none of the decoration rises above the height of the outer rim. The majority of the decoration is cast. This decoration comprises of a domed central boss (7.4mm diameter) around which is a circular ridge. This concentric ridge is sub-divided by a series of short incised linear lines which form a beaded or pelleted chain. Around this central decoration is a large raised concentric ring. It is 1.7mm wide with a diameter of 15mm. The ridge is in the shape of an inverted V and is the highest of all the cast decoration. Encircling this cast ridge is another concentric ring with a diameter of 19.6mm. On the inner edge of this ring are a series of cast radial lines which sub-divide the ring into twenty four small sub-rectangular panels. These three concentric rings and the boss make up the central decoration on the brooch. The outer decoration is formed by another concentric ring (25.3mm diameter) and the outer raised rim of the brooch. Between these two elements is a third band of pellets which form a beaded chain. The outer decoration elements are linked together by a series of eight evenly spaced raised isosceles triangles. The base of each triangle is positioned on the outer rim with the apex touching the inner concentric ring. The reverse of the brooch is plain. On the upper half of the reverse is a large concreted mass of iron corrosion. This is most likely to be the remains of an iron pin as it seems to be attached to the brooch rather than being a by-product of the burial environment. However, this cannot be proved without a series of x-rays. The front of the brooch is a light -mid green colour with an even patina which covers all surfaces. There are small patches of orange iron corrosion which has leached from the concretion on the back. There are also small patches of light powdery bronze corrosion which distorts areas of cast decoration. The rear of the brooch is a mid-brown orange colour probably caused by leaching and decay of the iron pin. Small patches of light green coloured patina are present near the rims suggesting the rear of the brooch is copper alloy. Both the front and rear of the brooch have been abraded in the plough soil. The central boss also seems to have been dented or damaged. Finding parallels for this brooch have proven difficult, hence the large date range. A similar example can be seen in Hattat's Ancient and Romano- British brooches (example 127 p141); however the central bosses in all of the examples project above the outer rim of the brooches. Also this example does not have the side knops and lugs which are characteristic of many Roman disc brooches. Similar problems have been encountered looking through sources for an early medieval parallel. Therefore a date from the late Roman period to the early medieval ( or early Anglo-Saxon) period (200 - 720) has been suggested. Donald Mackreth has commented on this record that he believe this brooch to be of an Early Medieval / Anglo Saxon date rather than Roman. I have therefore altered the dating range below to reflect this but left the original description above.

LIN-BFDEB3: BROOCH
Half of a copper alloy S-shaped brooch. The brooch face is in the form of an animals head, however it is extremely worn and barely visible now. There are two holes in the upper part of the brooch face that define the neck from the head. Catchplate on reverse.

KENT-FF10D6: BROOCH
Copper alloy Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. The brooch comprises a flat disc (now oval but probably originally circular), decorated with a border of two concentric incised circular lines, within which are 7 ring-and-dot marks, arranged in a circle. There is a small hole at the centre of the brooch. The edge of the brooch has traces of decoration comprising short incised lines pointing towards the centre. The remains of a catchplate and hinge are extant on the reverse, but there is no sign of the pin, which was probably of iron. Brooches of this type date to the late 5th or early 6th centuries AD.

CAM-680703: BROOCH
A fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, c. 6th century AD. The lower portion of the brooch has a collar with a faceted field below. The brooch has an animal head terminal with prominent raised eyes and rounded nostrils. Separated by three bands of double lines at the junction with the foot. The reverse has an elongated over-turned catchplate. There are remains of tinning on the catch plate, evidence to suggest that the brooch was completely tinned at one time. The brooch has been broken in antiquity.

WMID-88BA43: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy small-long brooch (length: 33.8mm; width: 25.9mm; thickness: 12mm; weight: 7.55g) with a head-plate trefoil around a central square. The arms are D-shaped with a singular ring and dot decoration in between each of the arms and the central square. There is also probable ring decoration along the curved and corroded outer edge of two of the arms (the other arm is more damaged), as well as traces of gilding. The brooch is incomplete from beneath the arched bow (convex in front, flat behind). On the back of the brooch, there is a single hinge with a broken hole in the centre. No evidence of the pin remains. There are also traces of gilding at the back of the brooch as well as the hinge. The incomplete brooch is worn and corroded particularly around the edges, but in a fair condition. Similar examples of small-long brooches are illustrated in MacGregor & Bolick’s ‘A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections’, 1993, pages 142-5, ref nos 15.66-15.76). Normally worn in pairs, they are in size generally similar to or smaller than cruciform brooches and are of lighter construction. They are usually made in one piece and tend to be rather low-grade castings. The arched bow usually forms the most solid element of the casting. This type of brooch appears early in the fifth century, and they survive well into the sixth century. Their distribution extends from East Anglia (with a particular concentration in the Cambridgeshire region) and the East Midlands as far west as Gloucestershire. Some are found as far north as Northumberland. Reference: MacGregor & Bolick, 'A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections', 1993, pages 124-147.

YORYM-C83DA7: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The fragment is an inverted T-shape 40.9mm long and 15.1mm wide at the shaft and 31.3mm wide at the cross of the T. It consists of most of the horse head terminal from the foot of the brooch. The very bottom of the brooch, with a probable spatulate extension and certainly the end of the nostrils, is missing. The fragment starts with the remains of 2 circular flaring nostrils projecting out either side, with 2 grooves running up the middle of the nostril panel along the line of the brooch. Above this is an eye panel, delineated by 2 parallel transverse grooves both above and below it, and with 2 moulded protuding eyes, one each side. Above this is a raised transverse collar and the start of another panel, presumably half round, which is now missing. The underside of the fragment is plain except for a patch of green corrosion; the fragment does not continue far enough to include the catchplate. The bottom end is very straight and regular at a slight angle across the width of the brooch. It is across one of the widest parts of the brooch not a natural weakness, so the bottom of the brooch was probably deliberately cut off. The corrosion along this cut/break suggests it occurred in antiquity. The top break is less regular but also corroded, suggesting an old break rather than a cut.

YORYM-C8DAF7: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy cast Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. The fragment consists of the flaring foot from the bottom of the brooch. It is 20.5mm long, 19.7mm at its widest at the flaring end, and 5.4mm wide at the top of the fragment towards the missing bow. The top face is decorated with stamped double crescents along the edges, the bottom face is plain and does not continue far enough to include the catchplate. The break appears old.

YORYM-C90A65: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. The fragment consists of the bow of the brooch. The top face of the bow is decorated with 2 parallel transverse grooves across it, each approximately 1.5mm wide and next to each other, about 1/3 of the way up the bow from the bottom (6.9mm wide, with the top 8.8mm wide). The underside is plain.

YORYM-CBCEC8: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon annular brooch. The original brooch was probably 70-80mm in diameter, and was a flat ring ca 12.5mm wide and 1mm thick. The surviving fragment is 36.4mm long; the whole piece has a good green-blue patina including on the breaks so they are probably old. It does not have any evidence for the pin arrangement such as a narrowed part or a perforation. The front face is stamped with a line of stamped crosses (x) along both the inner and outer edges.

YORYM-CF4392: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy brooch, probably from an Anglo-Saxon long brooch (probably a cruciform from the size). The fragment consists of the bow of the brooch, 26.2mm long, 13.8mm wide at the top narrowing to 9.9mm wide at the bottom. At either end of the bow is a narrow flat panel. The main bow itself has 2 plain facets either side of a central ridge along the long axis of the brooch. The underside is hollow and plain. The breaks appear old.

YORYM-DD4016: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon animal head terminal, probably from a cruciform brooch, that has possibly been reused as a strap fitting. The piece is a stylised horse's head, widening along its length with slightly protuding nostrils and much more marked protuding eyes. The piece narrows above the eyes, and has a raised transverse collar, separating the head terminal from the next panel. Most of this panel has broken off, but there is evidence of a circular perforation that may be an attachment hole indicating reuse of the terminal as a strap end.

YORYM-204C96: BROOCH
Eleven fragments of a copper alloy cast Anglo-Saxon great square-headed brooch. The fragments, some of them joining, make up most of the square head (with rounded corners) of the brooch, the bow, and a disc-shaped foot. They are decorated with gilding and also chip-carved decoration in style 1, depicting human (bearded faces?) as well as animal figures and other indecipherable designs. The bow has a central socket ca 5mm in diameter in which to set a gem or other decorative piece. The fragments were not all found at the same time but over a period of time and in were scattered, presumably having been broken up by ploughing. They range is size from 16mm by 7mm to 49mm by 35mm (the bow). The total weight is 64.2g.

SUR-ADA0F8: BROOCH
Approximately 50% of a disc brooch. The flat circular face has traces of a white metal coating. Within the central inscribed circle is a group of four ring-and-dot stamps around a central circular pit. On the circumference is a further group of four ring-and-dot stamps set at regular intervals. On the back only the catchplate survives.

KENT-D650E6: BROOCH
Part of a copper alloy disc or nummular brooch. The front of the brooch is rather worn, but a central circular zone of silver plating is visible, with an unsilvered border around the edge. Part of the catchplate is extant on the reverse.

LIN-E948E0: BROOCH
Foot from a copper alloy small long brooch. The foot is triangular and is decorated around the perimeter with a single row of punched chevrons. Above the triangular foot are two raised moulded transverse collars. The brooch is broken at the base of the bow. The reverse of the brooch contains a catchplate.

LIN-E2D596: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy cruciform brooch. Only part of the headplate remains. There is a integrally cast half-rounded collared knop at the top. On the reverse is a broken lug for the pin. The brooch fragment has very patinated and worn breaks and surfaces.

NMGW-F8DC41: BROOCH
A small fragment of a gilt copper alloy brooch, probably of Early Medieval date, probably Anglo Saxon. Unfortunately not enough of the brooch survives to determine the type or date, the brooch is represented by a head fragment only. The rear of the brooch has twin lugs 8mm apart. The front carries incised decoration. Three concentric circles were positioned around a central aperture. Above the engraved circles are two facing arcs, which have a linear incised line at the apex. Gilding survives inside the engraved lines. All edges apart from an arc for the central opening are broken. The fragment measures 23mm in length and 29.1mm in width. It is 1.9mm thick and 4.7mm deep. The brooch fragment weighs 2.7 grams.

NCL-90F5C2: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating to the fifth or sixth centuries AD. The fragment comprises the foot of the brooch which is zoomorphic in form. The eyes and nostrils of the animal, likely to be a horse are picked out as moulded raised decoration. On the underside of the fragment, there is a scar marking the position of the catchplate which does not survive. The fragment measures 27mm in length and 18mm in width. It is poorly preserved with a green patina and is flaking in places.

KENT-A76701: BROOCH
Setting from an Anglo-Saxon composite disc brooch. The setting appears to consist of a dome of white material, with a band of gold ropework running around its diameter. Four strips of gold ropework run from this band up towards the centre of the dome, which has a circular setting of similar ropework, which may have formed a setting for a gem stone (now missing). This object has been identified from a photograph only, but clearly represents a central setting of Avent's Class 4 (Avent 1975). Similar central settings occur on composite disc brooches from Milton, Monkton, Sarre and Faversham, brooches which collectively date to circa 600-630 AD.

LIN-FB6A85: BROOCH
Foot fragment from a great square headed brooch. The breaks are well patinated and worn. The brooch has a triangular foot with an undecorated rectangular panel below. The triangular panel contains a gilded chip carved motif. This brooch is comparable to other brooches from Hines group XXI (p156, fig. 79, fig 80), which contain hybrid square headed and florid cruciform brooches which are sufficiently similar and clearly related to constitute a formally recognised group.

LEIC-763BE2: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon Copper alloy brooch, 30mm long, 17mm wide and 2.5mm thick. The brooch weighs 4.49grams and has a green patina. It represents the central portion of a cruciform or small long brooch. The brooch is largely flat and is decorated with incised cup and ring marks, at least three can be seen. One end has a sharp angle where the bow would emerge but the other edges are very fragmentary with no clue to their shape. The reverse has the remains of a loop which is surrounded by iron corrosion.

LIN-9F2562: BROOCH
Copper alloy small long brooch. The brooch has a trapezoidal headplate with a drilled hole in each corner with a short, faceted bow below. Beneath the bow is an undecorated rectangular panel with a square panel below. A raised moulded rectangular collar seperates the panel from the shovel shaped foot. The perimeter of the foot is decorated with a single row of punched circles. There is a single lug for the hinged pin on the reverse of the headplate, and a broken catchplate on the reverse of the panelled section. The pin is missing and there is no iron corrosion surrounding the lug. The brooch is broken at the bow, and the breaks are well patinated.

LIN-9F7475: BROOCH
Headplate knop from a cruciform brooch. The knop has a moulded collar and is half-rounded. The base of the collar is decorated with two incised horizontal lines. The reverse is hollow. On the underside of the knop is a deep linear groove, circa 1mm thick and 1.5mm deep, in which the headplate of the brooch would have rested. There is a drilled hole through the head and the base of the knop, into which a fixing pin would have been inserted.

LIN-B813E6: BROOCH
Foot from a copper alloy small long brooch. The foot is shovel-shaped at has a perimeter decoration of punched chevrons on the surface. The reverse is undecorated.

Incomplete gilt copper alloy Great Square-headed brooch. Only the lower half below the bow survives. The brooch has a lozenge shaped panel with a circular lappet to either side. These two lappets show evidence of silvering on the surface. The foot is semi-circular and is broken. There are two sets of four linear grooves running down the lozenge shaped panel and curling up into the semi-circular foot. In between the grooves are two triangles pointing towards the lappets. There is a broken catchplate on the reverse.

LEIC-606A28: BROOCH
The head and bow of an Early Anglo Saxon small long brooch. The headplate has no surviving edges but is decorated with a rectangular panel bordered on three sides with a recessed line containing a double row of raised longitudinal crescents, thus forming a kind of raised zig-zag within a sunken line. Within the bordered panel is a pair of large ring-and-dot motifs with double rings, above a row of three small dots with single rings. The bow is plain with chamfered three transverse bars. A double lug survives in the centre of the head plate's reverse, with iron corrosion from the pin.

NARC-C83BE5: BROOCH
Copper-alloy disc brooch, of Anglo-Scandinavian origin. The brooch measures 31mm in diameter and the obverse is decorated with a curvilinear Jellinge-style design, depicting a profile left-facing animal set within a thin raised border (1.9 mm thick). The animal has a prominent circular eye and a bulbous upper jaw; a long lappet extends from the back of the head under one leg and around the other. The body curves to left and right to form a figure-of-eight shape, with a spiral shoulder to the left and a spiral hip to the right. The legs spring from these joints and are angled at the ankle. It is likely that the obverse of the brooch would have once been gilded. The reverse has double pierced lugs on which the pin would have hinged, and a catchplate opposite. There is a third element to the reverse, a loop or pierced lug situated at a right angle to the hinge mechanism and catchplate. This loop was probably used to suspend pendants from the brooch and is characteristic of Scandinavian brooches. Jane Kershaw has confirmed this as a Scandinavian Jellinge-style disc brooch of Jansson's Type I C (Jansson 1984b). It is illustrated in Kershaw 2013, fig. 3.59 together with a clearer example of the motif on a disc from Sogndal, Norway (fig. 3.58).

Fragment of a copper alloy cruciform brooch foot. The foot is zoomorphic, roughly oval in plan, flat and has very feint remains of the catchplate on the reverse. The face of the foot is decorated with two recessed circles with two crescents above representing the snout and nostrils. All of the edges are very worn and patinated.

NLM-743AB7: BROOCH
An incomplete cast lead disc brooch. The flat brooch is decorated in Terslev style, which is a variant of the Borre style. The centre of the brooch has a raised pellet within a circle. Around the circle is lozenge made up of double band ribbon. The ends of the lozenge are elongated and have a ribbon in a Borre knot motif around them. The back of the brooch has a catchplate and the remains of a pierced lug. Over a quarter of the disc is missing and the remaining disc is slightly convex. The surviving diameter is 28.2mm and the weight is 5.26g. Kershaw allocates this motif to her Type III (2013, 72).

DENO-8C29A5: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy fragment with relief openwork decoration in the form of a Style I human mask. It has been photographed with the face upside down, with curved joined eyebrows merging into the top of a triangular nose, a pellet eye to either side of the nose, a possible relief cheek element below each eye (the face's left eye merging into the possible cheek element) and a bushy moustache. One half of the moustache is largely missing, but the other half is clearly in the shape of a predatory bird's neck and head, with a curling beak and sunken eye with counter-relief centre. There is a circular hole in the centre of each curving moustache-half, and it is through this that one side is broken. There are two relief elements between the moustache halves, one above the other, which may represent a philtrum (the vertical groove between nose and mouth) and the mouth. Above the eyes is a broad straight relief band, above which the fragment is broken. The reverse of the fragment is undecorated. Length 17.53mm, width 20.16mm, thickness 3.28mm, weight 3.16g. The fragment is probably the top knob from an early Anglo-Saxon florid cruciform brooch, and so would have worn and been seen as photographed. Side knobs tend to have fixings for the pin bar on the reverse. Florid cruciform brooches date to the later part of the 6th century AD.

NCL-A1BC88: BROOCH
Acast copper-alloy fragment of a cruciform brooch of Anglo-Saxon tradition, dating c. 475-600. The fragment comprises part of the head of the brooch. The head is very corroded and only a small part of the original surface survives, bearing two stamped ring-and-dot in a vertical line, almost certainly a border decoration of a central panel, identifying the brooch as cruciform. On the underside of the head, the partial remains of two semi-circular lugs to hold the axis pin are visible. The iron axis pin, although very corroded is in situ. The fragment measures 13mm in length and 23mm in width.

DENO-46D572: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy small long brooch of early-medieval date. Measurements were not taken from the object but the surviving length is approximately 42mm. The edge of the head-plate is damaged but appears to have formerly been cruciform. It is decorated with U-shaped punch marks, which are arranged around three sides of a square within a faintly incised linear border. On the back of the head-plate are the stubs of the hinge. The brooch has broken beside the arched bow; the foot, catchplate and pin are missing. Cf. for example no. 15.56 in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, p. 139).

Fragment of a bow from an Anglo-Saxon Great Square Headed brooch, or perhaps an elaborate cruciform type. The bow is arched and has a moulded vertical line up the centre, with a circular cell in the middle. A trapezoid panel is located to either side, both containing two chip-carved disjointed beasts. The bow arches in the centre at the top and bottom.

NARC-BE4267: BROOCH
A worn cast copper-alloy brooch dating to early-medieval period. The brooch consists of a headplate which is square with rounded corners, arched bow and foot. Following old damage the head and foot are no longer on the same plane. The headplate is worn and abraded; all presence of any potential former knobs has been lost in old damage. On the reverse of the headplate is an abraded pin lug. The pin is missing. At the junction of headplate and bow is a pair of raised transverse ridges. The bow has a median ridge where two facets meet. It is otherwise undecorated. Before the bow drops down to become the foot there are a four raised transverse ridges echoing those described above. As with the rest of the brooch the foot is abraded with a damaged patina. Its form is indistinct, but might be zoomorphic. On the reverse of the foot, towards the top end, is the worn catchplate. The brooch resists easy classification since wear has deprived it of diagnostic features at both head and foot. On a small-long brooch one would expect a flared foot; this example is lacking one, perhaps due to old damage. However, the most sensible classification remains that of a small-long brooch given the artefact's size and simplicity. Such brooches have been described by Hattatt (1985, 211) as 'the poor relations of the finer Cruciform and Square-headed Brooches'. Hattatt continues: 'They follow the general form but are much simpler...clearly made for the lower end of the market.' The small-long brooch is an Anglo-Saxon form and is generally datable to the sixth century AD.

HAMP-BF82C5: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Early Medieval disc brooch dating from the 6th century AD. It is decorated with five ring-and-dot motifs on the upper surface; one is at the centre and the other four are arranged at regular intervals around it. Single pin bar lug and catchplate on reverse Very worn but complete. It has a diameter of 38.6mm, a thickness of 2.1mm and weighs 16.85g.

LON-51B084: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch head-plate, copper alloy, with a small portion of the bow remaining. There is part of an integral spring mount on the rear. Two knobs are remaining; almost certainly one is missing. There is fine stamping around the perimeter and in two diagonal lines from the upper knob to the top of the bow. There are traces of gilding in the lower left corner. Probably mid-sixth century.

LIN-DFBF05: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy small long brooch. The brooch has a square headplate decorated with a double linear perimeter. Inside the perimeter is another border or punched crescents. There are three integral flat wings decorating the headplate; each wing is broken however it is presumed that they were originally semi-circular in shape. The wings are decorated with a double linear collar and a row of punched crescents. The bow is short, faceted and concave on the reverse. There is a plain rectangular panel below with a moulded ridged collar seperating the panel from the foot. The foot is bent upwards at a circa 45 degree angle to the bow. The foot is damaged, however it is likely to have originally been triangular in shape. The brooch has an even patina, and the bend in the foot may have been caused in antiquity as there are no visible signs of recent damage. There is a patch of iron corrosion on the reverse of the headplate where the lug would have been. The catchplate is damaged.

DENO-184477: BROOCH
Gilded copper alloy object, with silver inlay, probably a brooch. Basically rectangular, one of the long edges has four many-petalled flower-like joined projections with central piercings along its length. Inside this is a double-ridged border of silver inlay, which forms a junction with the main body of the object. This is concavo-convex (concave on the reverse), sloping up and then down again, with vertical sides along the short edges. The main body of the object is decorated with Carolingian-style acanthus leaf motifs, again with some silver inlay, and there is one further piercing in each corner. The two vertical sides, at the short edges, are arched and each is decorated with four drop-shaped curved loops within a plain ridged border. On the reverse there are two projections at roughly the centre of each short edge. One is sub-rectangular with traces of probable iron staining and this may be a pin hinge; the second is broken, but may have curved over to form a catch for the pin. the object is heavily gilded on the obverse and sides, and there is also some gilding on the reverse, particularly on the flower-like projections. The six piercings might indicate that this have originally been a mount, subsequently modified and reused as a brooch, but it is unclear whether the probable pin hinge and catch have been added later. It dates to the late 8th or 9th century. Length 34.20mm, width 32.14mm, thickness (including loops on reverse) 14.22mm, thickness (not including loops) c.9.0mm, weight 29.59 g Published by Thomas (2012; fig. 5, no. 13)

LIN-00BB65: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy champlevé enamelled circular brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 800 - 1100. Weetch Type 21. The brooch is circular, convex, and heavily abraded around the perimeter. It has an outer band circa 6mm in width. This band is decorated with a series of incised diagonal lines. The circular face of the brooch is raised further from the outer band, and is decorated with enamel. The enamel is largely missing, however, there appears to have been tear-shaped swirls of blue, green, red, yellow and white enamel which would have originally formed a bird holding a branch within an enamelled champlevé field. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated with two patches of solder at opposite ends of the brooch. This brooch is also known as a Kettlach type and parallels a disc brooch from Bedlington, Northumberland at the British Museum (BM acc. no. 1880,0802.165) - Ten Harkel, Weetch & Sainsbury (2016) state that 'only four brooches of this type are currently known, three of which were found in England, with a fourth from France.' The number is now increasing with parallels on the PAS database including YORYM-5EAB75. Ref: Ten Harkel, Letty & Weetch, Rosie & Sainsbury, Victoria. (2016). An Early Medieval Polychrome-Enamelled Brooch from Flaxengate, Lincoln: Continental Fashions in an Anglo-Scandinavian Town. Medieval Archaeology. 60. 57-71.

NARC-94C321: BROOCH
A worn fragment of an early-medieval cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The fragment consists of the horse-head terminal typical of this type of brooch. Its reverse is completely flat and undecorated. On the obverse the terminal is bi-faceted and features two prominent protruding 'eyes'. The terminal itself terminates in a sub-circular flattened knob which is decorated with two slightly raised curved ridges which demarcate the nostrils. The old break might have occurred at a weak point on the half-round panel. Anglo-Saxon, 5th or early 6th century. Examples of similar terminals can be found illustrated in West (1998, 304).

LIN-A5AEE7: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy small long brooch. The brooch now consists of two fragments that are probably from the same object. The upper fragment consists of a trefoil headplate with integral circular lugs. One lug is missing. The bow is very worn and looks to be faceted. There is a single lug on the reverse for the pin. The upper fragment is broken at the base of the bow. The lower fragment consists of part of the foot. The fragment is decorated on the front with two sets of three transversely incised lines. There is no catchplate on the reverse of this fragment.

GLO-ABD075: BROOCH
Copper alloy cloisonné disc brooch, diameter 28mm, thickness 6mm. The decoration comprises cloisonné enamel disc covering most of the face of the brooch of, this pattern consists of a centre square copper alloy cell in which there is a creamy/white enamel, around there edge are evenly spaced semicircular cells containing blue enamel, with the resulting space in between filled with a green enamel that is shaped like a seven pointed star. All of this is held within a thick copper alloy border that has a slightly bevelled edge. Evenly spaced around the edge are seven lobes, each with blue glass in the centre of the top side, three of these lobes are missing, corroded away. Much of the rim has also suffered heavily from corrosion, resulting in the loss of about a quarter of the rim. The enamel is cracked and the green glass has suffered particularly from corrosion. On the reverse there is the remains of the base of the pin support, most of which has corroded away. All that remains of the pin support is a patch where it would have been soldered. There artefact was originally gilt with much of the gold remaining on the reverse, and only patchy on the top. A similar example can be seen in West 1998, number 117.6, though this example has eight lobes and six semicircular cells. Following that example, this brooch is dated to the late 10th or 11th century. Rally Find.

KENT-BFBB57: BROOCH
Very worn fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy small long brooch. There is a worn transverse break at the base of the bow, with only partial bow and square head plate surviving. The fragment appears to have no decoration, however it is highly corroded and worn. The reverse of the fragment has the remains of a hinge and iron spring attachment, situated behind the square head plate. There are patches of light green patina on the surface of the brooch.

NCL-D4DF11: BROOCH
A fragment of an early medieval brooch, possibly of the square headed variety dating to the sixth or seventh centuries AD. The fragment is decorated with an anthropomorphic male face with long, gently curving eyebrows which join broad triangular nose. The nose has two incised transverse lines at its base. The eyes are large and almost lentoidal, full rounded cheeks, open oblong mouth, C-shaped ears, moustache and part of full beard on surviving side. On the reverse there is a ridge 4mm wide, parallel-sided. The fragment has a dark grey patina, possibly indicative of a high lead content. Slightly bent. The fragment has a length of 23mm, a width of 18mm, a thickness of 4mm and weighs 5.6g.

KENT-3F5E23: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. Cruciform brooches found in Kent all date to the mid-to-late 5th century AD.

NARC-BCA936: BROOCH
A worn small disc brooch dating to the later part of the early-medieval period. A flat brooch decorated in relief in the Terslev style, which is a variant of the Borre style. This decoration consists of a knotted design best described by the accompanying image. On the reverse are two lugs, one at either end. The lug bent round would have acted as a catchplate, while the vertical pierced lug would have held the pin (now missing). This artefact has a light green dusty patina and has suffered losses around the circumference. Kershaw has allocated the motif to her type II (2013, 72). This design seems closer to brooch V88 as illustrated in Mills (2001, 45) than the more common style of brooch exemplified by brooch V87 (ibid, 45). The flat disc brooch is perceived to be a 9th century type and is commonly found throughout eastern England (ibid, 45).

LVPL-E2F3E7: BROOCH
Fragment of Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. Corroded and denuded head plate which has two perforations and appears to have been notched to either side of the bow. Transverse groove on the arched bow toward the junction with the head plate.

HAMP-4CD306: BROOCH
The upper plate and bow of an undecorated early Saxon small long brooch. On the back of the plate are the stumps of two projections to hold the pin.

BERK-C9BC64: BROOCH
An Anglo-Saxon copper alloy small-long brooch (AD500-550). The head plate has been notched around the central square to form a cruciform shape with T-shaped arms. The arms are decorated with multiple irregular lines bordering the long edges. The arched bow has parallel sides and the front surface is rounded with a central carination. The bow is squared up at the extremities producing faceted corners. The back is hollowed. The foot originates in a flattened area below the bow. A cast moulding forming four bands separates the upper part of the foot from the terminal. The terminal is expanded and forms a crescentic outline. On the reverse is a single perforated hinge located in the centre of the headplate and a large catchplate located at the top of the foot just below the bow. The pin is no longer present. Very dark green patina. Dimensions: Length 63.11mm; Width 36.47mm; Thickness 1.82mm; Weight 19.75g MacGregor, A. and Bolick, E. 1993. Anglo Saxon Collection at The Ashmolean. British Archaeological Reports.

DENO-E0E7F5: BROOCH
Early medieval cast copper alloy small long brooch, 5th-6th century. Rectangular head plate with two vertical grooves dividing the plate into three fields. Arched bow, carinated in front, concave on the reverse, with mouldings at top and bottom forming faceted corners. Lozenge shaped foot with the bottom tip broken off, so cannot be certain what the terminal would have been. The catchplate on the the back of the foot is complete. There is no perforation on the hinge plate on the back of the head plate. This may never have been pierced, implying that this brooch is unfinished. However it is possible that the top of the hinge is broken off - it is slightly bent over and one corner is certainly damaged - although it would have been very long if this is so. The current length of the hinge is 8mm. Length 52.04mm, width (head) 29.94mm, width (lozenge foot) 20.98mm, thickness (head-hinge) 10.28mm, thickness (foot-catchplate) 8.24mm, weight 12.12g. Similarly shaped brooches with lozenge shaped feet, are published in MacGregor & Bollick ("A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo Saxon Collections" (Asmolean Museum), 1993, Oxford) p125-7, no.s 15.3 & 15.9 & 15.6, the latter having a T shaped terminal, the former two having simple pointed terminals.

LIN-0FD375: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch has a rectangular headplate decorated with a punched ring and dot in the centre. There are three integral half-rounded knops around the headplate. The rest of the brooch is missing. There is a single lug for a pin on the reverse.

LIN-0FDFD1: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch has a rectangular headplate probably originally divided into three smaller panels since one panel is shallower than the other. One integral knop decorates the only complete side of the head. The side knop is half-rounded and hollow on the reverse. The rest of the brooch is missing. The reverse is plain.

LIN-77C546: BROOCH
Incomplete decorated strip of copper alloy, probably from an ansate brooch. The strip is rectangular in plan and stepped in profile. One end is complete, rectangular and has slightly pinched corners. The face is decorated with an incised perimeter and two punched ring and dot motifs. There is a circular mark on the reverse of this section, possibly the remains of a stud or lug. The up-stepped section is rectangular, broken at one end and is decorated with five ring and dot motifs. Rosie Weetch has identified this fragment as part of an ansate brooch of her type XI.B, straight-sided and flat with lateral projections. She dates this type to the 9th or 10th century.

CAM-A26623: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the early Saxon period. The fragment comprises the head plate and part of the bow. The head plate is square in shape. At the centre of the head plate is a raised square field. It is decorated with rows of marginally stamped triangles. The outer panel of the head plate is also decorated with a marginally stamped border of 'S's. The bow is slightly arched, hollow and hemispherical in section. On the underside of the head plate, there is a large semi-circular pin attachment lug. Iron corrosion from the pin surrounds the lug. The brooch fragment measures 30mm in length; the head plate has a width of 23mm, the bow 10mm.

CAM-A29C82: BROOCH
A copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the early Saxon period. The head plate is cruciform in shape. The surface of the head plate is pitted and no decoration is visible. The bow is only slightly arched and D shaped in section. The bow tapers to a rectangular section leg. The leg is decorated with two horizontal grooves. The foot is missing. On the underside of the head plate is a semi-circular lug with perforation to hold the pin. This is surrounded by iron corrosion. The catchplate is triangular and is at the top of the leg. The brooch measures 44mm in length, the head plate has a width of 27mm, the bow has a maximum width of 9mm.

CAM-B39AD5: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the early Saxon period. The fragment comprises the leg and foot of the brooch. The leg is rectangular in shape. It is separated from the foot by a rectangular ribbed moulding. The foot plate is flat and triangular in shape. It is decorated with a stamped row of crescents. On the underside of the brooch, the rectangular catchplate is positioned at the top of the bow. The present length of the brooch is 29mm in length, the leg has a width of 6mm, the foot 12mm.

LANCUM-F47F82: BROOCH
Small Anglo-Saxon disc brooch made from cast cu-alloy, possibly enamelled, though none of the enamelling (or any other surface treatment) remains. The brooch is very corroded, but a small part of the catch plate and the lugs that held the pin for the spring coil still remain on the reverse. All that remains of the decoration on the obverse are five very shallow 'dents': one cross and four circular dents in the spaces between the arms of the cross. The brooch could not be photographed, unfortunately, but an exact parallel can be found in Hattatt 2000, p. 379, no. 1309.

LANCUM-F48901: BROOCH
Small Frankish Merovingian ansate brooch of Weetch type II.B, made from cast copper alloy, chip-carved decoration, no traces of enamel or any other surface treatment. The bow of the brooch is composed of three discs: two larger ones cover the foot and the head respectively; a third, somewhat smaller one, connects the other two. All three of them are decorated with a very crudely executed, simple chip-carved pattern. A very similar brooch can be found in Hattatt 2000, p. 380, no. 1684. Weetch dates them to the 8th to 10th century.

A fragment of a copper alloy small long brooch dating to the early Anglo-Saxon period. The fragment comprises the foot plate and part of the leg of the brooch. The foot plate is triangular and is decorated with three panels of horizontal ribbed moulding. The foot plate tapers to a rectangular leg. A trapezoidal catchplate extends from the underside of the leg. The fragment measures 24mm in length, 10mm in width.

LIN-871166: BROOCH
Complete side knop from the headplate of a cruciform brooch. The knop is a half-rounded and collared and has a hole running vertically though it. The base has a slot for attachment to the headplate.

Headplate and upper bow from a small long brooch. The brooch has a square headplate with a circular hole in each corner. There is a lug for a hinged pin on the reverse surrounded by iron corrosion.

LIN-895D86: BROOCH
Foot from a copper alloy cruciform brooch. The foot is in the form of an animals head. The eyes are well pronounced and the nostrils are scroll-shaped. There is the remains of a catchplate on the reverse. The reverse is slightly concave.

LIN-C5FE63: BROOCH
Bow from a copper alloy cruciform brooch. The bow is faceted and arched.

LIN-C66A27: BROOCH
Foot fragment from a cruciform or small long brooch. The object has the lower facet of the bow and a collar at the other end. Part of the catchplate remains on the reverse.

WAW-1A8BD6: BROOCH
The object is a fragment of a brooch. It is made from cast copper alloy. The upper portion of the brooch is a sub-square shape in plan, however the upper and left-hand vertical edge are abraded, the right-hand vertical edge is less abraded. The outer face of this portion is undecorated. On the reverse, towards the lower edge is an integral lug, which is a rectangular shape, with the vertical edge being broken. This edge has an incomplete hole in the centre. Around this lug is iron corrosion, suggesting the pin was originally made from iron. Protruding and integral to the lower edge of this sub-square section is the bow, which is triangular in section and is curved in profile. The outer surface of the bow is convex. The lower terminal of the bow is a broken edge, which did not occur recently. The reverse of the bow is slightly hollow. The surface of the brooch has a patchy heavy dark green patina, but the majority is abraded In length it measures 32.76mm and 15.93mm wide. It weighs 6g. This brooch is probably a Small-Long type of brooch from the Early Medieval period. These type of brooches date to the 5th to 6th centuries.

HAMP-1B3427: BROOCH
Copper alloy cruciform brooch of Anglo-Saxon date. The head has an integral half-round top knob (L. 10.44mm. W. 7.98mm. T. 5.03mm) attached to a headplate. The knob has a depression across the middle and is decorated with two parallel lines across the base. The headplate has a central panel (L. 17.42mm. W. 23.16mm. T. 1.31mm) with wings and is decorated with two grooved lines along the edge of the wings and a dotted line forming a triangle in the centre of the bottom of the panel. The bow (L. 23.54mm. W. 13.42mm. T. 1.95mm) is broken off halfway down and decorated with grooved lines at the top and a dotted line along the edge. On the reverse of the central panel there are remains of a single pin lug. The reverse of the bow is concave with rounded edges. Patchy mid-green patina.

Copper alloy cruciform brooch of Anglo-Saxon date. The head is missing. The upper half of the bow (L. 17.16mm. W. 14.23mm. T. 1.97mm) is broken off. The bow has bevelled edges and decorated with grooved lines at the base and a ring and dot design along the edge. In the centre at the base of the bow there is a double longitudinal line of ring and dot. The foot has a flat panel at the top and decoration in the form of three sets of grooved lines evenly spaced. The half-round panel has decorative mouldings in the form of grooved lines. The foot forms a horse-head terminal with a grooved lines detailing the nostrils. The reverse of the bow is concave with rounded edges. The reverse of the foot has a catchplate (L. 17.60mm. T.1.31mm) attached and the reverse of the horse-head terminal is slightly concave. Patchy mid-green patina.

NMS-77EF9B: BROOCH
Part of the headplate of an Early Anglo-Saxon bow brooch, either a Cruciform or a Small-long, part of the panel with a large ring-and-dot and parts of the wings. All the edges are brakes, both ancient and modern. There is an incomplete single pin lug on the reverse. Weight 4.9g. Extant length and width 16 and 27.4mm. Late 5th - mid 6th century.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with an upturned rim. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The measurements for this example are unknown. The brooch is decorated with a face mask motif, however the exact form is unknown, thus it cannot be attributed to an Avent and Evison classification. It is unknown if the brooch has any additional decoration, such as punchmarks or beading. The amount of gilt, if any, on the face of the brooch is also unknown. The details of the reverse of the brooch were not recorded. Button brooches usually had an iron pin attached, however some examples had a copper alloy pin. It is unknown what material was used to construct the pin for this example.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Di or D miscellaneous. The brooch is not completely circular, measuring 17.8mm to 19.48mm in diameter. It is 1mm thick and weighs 3.65 grams. The brooch is extremely worn, with the gilt missing from all relief area revealing green corrosion. The edge of the brooch is upturned in areas, at approximately 90 degrees to the face of the brooch. The edge of the rim, and the edges where it is missing are very worn and corroded. The upper surface is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 5 different elements. The undecorated helmet is rounded with a flat base and a slightly pointed apex. Below, the straight eyebrow, nose and wide cheek elements have been combined to form a mask around the eyes. The eyes are of different shape; the left is round and well placed, while the right is oval placed at an angle. There are no eye-rings on this face-mask; it is likely that they were combined with the cheeks to form the lower half of the mask. The mouth is comprised of a single straight bar, with an indent the face is bordered with three raised concentric rings. The pin is missing from the reverse of the brooch, however it probably made from iron, due to the presence of iron corrosion around the pin lugs. The pin ran down the face, from 0/360 degrees to 180 degrees although it is unclear at which angle represents the pin lug and which is the catchplate as they are very worn. These angles correspond to the face of the brooch as opposed to the reverse so they are comparable with the measurements from Avent and Evison's research.

Anglo-Saxon gilt copper alloy saucer brooch. The motif on the face consists of a central lozenge which forms the centre of a cross. The arms of the cross each divide into two spiral terminals which turn away from each other; pairs of spirals from different arms thus filling each quadrant between the arms. An integral catchplate and hinge partially survive on the back of the brooch, but no trace of pin. The booch measures 25mm in diameter and 7mm in thickness. This brooch has been discussed by Dickinson (2010, 186-7) who terms it a 'four-pelta' design, a derivative of the floriate cross motif. It joins another example from Luton, now in Luton Museum (accession number 40/41/27).

A copper alloy disc brooch.

A copper alloy disc brooch with crude Style I decoration.

An incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch, comprising the head-plate and bow only. Ager (1983, 59-61) describes it thus: "Three half-round, moulded knobs on the head-plate. On the flat back of this plate are two integral, pierced lugs holding the iron spindle for the now corroded spring of the pin. The bow, which is long, straight-sided and highly arched, is cast slightly off-centre to the head-plate, which is remarkably thick (4.14mm). The brooch has [a worn break] across the junction of the bow and foot-plate, on the back of which would have been the catch-plate for the pin. Since no exact parallel for the extant portion of the brooch is known, the form of the foot remains conjectural, although the [closest parallels] suggest the possibility that it had a triangular terminal rather than the more usual moulded, horse-like head. The ornament consists of moulding of the knobs (which are non-functional), of the triangular notches in either side of the ends of the bow, enclosed between a pair of transverse grooves, and of a broad, median furrow, bounded by a groove either side, along the ridge of the sloping-sided bow. After casting, it appears that the brooch was finished with a file, which has left fine, close, transverse striations under much of the bow and, possibly, the lengthwise grooves on the left-hand side of the top of it."

A gilt copper alloy square headed brooch.

Copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch, with five-running spiral motif. Face of brooch decorated with gold gilt. Remains of catchplate on back, but no pin survives. Probably Dickinson's Type IIA or IIB?

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch with a dull green patina. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate irrespective of the footplate shape. The square headplate is 14mm wide, and is attached to a short, curved bow which is 8mm thick. The footplate is comprised of a sub-triangular shape, with the lower half extending into a lozenge. The base of the lozenge then flairs out to a worn foot. The overall shape of the footplate could be likened to a rectangle with two semi-circles removed from each of the long edges of the footplate. The overall length of the brooch is 37mm. There is no visible decoration on any part of the brooch. The hinge and catchplate survive on the reverse of the headplate and footplate respectively, but the pin is missing. Pins on Anglo-Saxon brooches were usually made from iron, thus it is likely that the pin has completely corroded. Small long brooches date from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, to the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a broken bow, missing footplate and pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, square headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The square headplate is decorated with ring-and-dot designs, one in each corner. Only a small fragment of the bow survives and is attached to the lower edge of the headplate. The partial bow appears to be undecorated and the break is worn. The intergral part of the hinge is attached to the reverse of the brooch, and there is some iron corrosion which implies that the missing pin was made from iron. The catchplate would have been intergrally cast to the reverse of the footplate. The original record states that the surface of the brooch was silvered, however the extent of the dilvering that survives, and the patina of the brooch are unknown due to the black and white photograph. The remaining sections of the brooch are 15.6mm long, is 15.4mm across at the widest point and has a miximum thickness of 7mm. The brooch weighs 2.5 grams. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate and pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, square headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The square headplate is decorated with four circular punchmarks, one in each corner. There is a slightly recessed moulding of two horizontal lines where the headplate joins to the bow. The undecorated bow is wide and quite short, with a worn, rounded end where it would have originally been attached to the footplate. The curved bow is almost 'D' shaped in profile. The intergral part of the hinge is attached to the reverse of the brooch, and there is some iron corrosion which implies that the missing pin was made from iron. The catchplate would have been intergrally cast to the reverse of the footplate. The patina and colouration are unknown due to the black and white photograph. The remaining sections of the brooch are 30.3mm long, is 19.4mm across at the widest point and has a miximum thickness of 7.7mm. The brooch weighs 6.6 grams. Small long brooches were in use from the lare 5th century, circa 475AD until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

An Anglo-Saxon small long brooch, of unknown type. Small long brooches date from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD. They are cast in copper alloy and usually have an iron sprung pin.

Head and bow of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The head-plate comprises a central sub-rectangular panel which narrows towards the top, and which terminates in a half-rounded knob. A series of >-shaped indents are just visible running down either side of this panel. A trapezoidal wing extends from either side of the central plate; these expand away from the central panel, and each has a half-rounded knob projecting from their long, side, edge. A single perforated lug for the spring projects from the rear of the head-plate. This is set just slightly off-centre relative to the top knob. Only very slight traces of iron corrosion indicate the former presence of the iron spring/pin. The arched bow narrows towards the (missing) foot. This has a flat sub-rectangular cross-section at either end, but for most of its length it has a curved, hollow-backed section. The break at the base of the bow is worn. The brooch has an even light green patina. The half-rounded knobs place the brooch in Aberg's Group II-IV. Most if not all cruciform brooches known from Kent are early types that date from the mid 5th to very early 6th centuries. This appears to be one of the more elaborate examples known from Kent, but was probably manufactured sometime in the late 5th century, and is unlikely to have been in circulation later than circa 525 AD.

Anglo-Saxon bow brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete as the headplate is missing, but brooches with similar footplates are known with a semi-circular head, which would classify them as miniature radiate-headed brooches rather than small long brooches. The short, curved bow is almost 'D' shaped in profile, and it has a worn, rounded end where it would have attached to a headplate. The base of the bow has a rounded end where it is attached to a rectangular footplate. Two hemispherical knops or lappets project from the top corners of the footplare, and two smaller circular knops project from the bottom corners. There is no decoration on either the footplate or the bow. Part of the catchplate survives on the reverse of the footplate. The hinge would have been on the reverse of the missing headplate. The remaining sections of the bow are 33.6mm long and is 12.85mm across at the widest point. Overall thickness, including the catchplate and bow, is 8.8mm, whilst weight is 4.05g. The brooch has a mixed green and light green patina.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy artefact. The artefact has a D shaped profile, with a narrow rectangular terminal at one end, and a sub-triangular terminal at the other. The object was originally identified as a bow brooch due to the D shaped profile similar to that common on 5th and 6th century brooches. However, there is no evidence on the reverse for a catchplate to secure a pin. The rectangular end of the artefact has a curved groove running along the reverse with worn edges along both lengths. This possibly contibuted for the original identification of the artefact as a brooch, as sprung pins may be attached in such a characteristic, however this does not appear to be the case with this artefact.

Headplate and part of bow of a silver square-headed brooch. A rectangular garnet is set horizontally in the centre of the headplate. Around this is a rectangular band of zig-zagged niello inlay. Brooch now on display in Dover Museum, so not handled by Andrew Richardson during checking of this record.

Gilt Anglo-Saxon button-type brooch with a central round garnet setting. A 'helmet' of the Class B button brooch style (human face design) is situated directly above the garnet, however the remaining decoration does not resemble a face despite the garnet setting originally described as an 'eye'. There are two raised semi-circles curving around the lower half of the garnet. A flat undecorated border encompasses the design and there is an upturned rim giving the brooch a 'saucer' shape. However, the size of the brooch and the helmet decoration suggests a possible relationship or derivative of the button brooch hence the Button-Type classification rather than a saucer brooch which is larger in size. Other button-type brooches also contain a central garnet setting, but these rarely have the helmet motif of true button brooches. The pin is horizontal relative to the front of the brooch.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Aii. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch measurements and weight for this brooch are unknown. The brooch is in good condition, with only slight wear on some raised areas and on edge of rim. Bright yellow gilt survives on majority of the brooch face. The upturned rim is damaged around the edge. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed, but slightly rounded helmet possibly with beading along its length. Immediately below the helmet is the curved eyebrow element with slightly upturned ends. A narrow nose which flares out at the nostrils is attached to the centre of the eyebrow element. The rounded eyes have eye-rings situated below; the one on the left is curved and well placed, while the one on the right is not curved. The cheeks are full. The face has a narrow bar with an indent representing a slightly open mouth. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of incised zigzags surrounding the face. The details of the reverse of the brooch are unknown as they were not recorded on the original PAS record. The brooch is well made and bears a strong resemblance to Class Ai (especially Howletts 18.3, 18.4 and 18.5). However, the unsymmetrical eye-rings and the single bar mouth, instead of an open mouth with a moustache, places this brooch in class Aii.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate. The headplate is square with flat semi-circular knops projected from the headplate on thin bars on all sides except the lower edge where the bow is attached. This gives the headplate the overall shape of a cross/trefoil. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class A trefoil headed small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, trefoil headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The main surface of the headplate is undecorated, however a series of small ring-and dot punches border the edge of the headplate. The ring-and-dots have been partially worn from the surface of the two knops to either side of the headplate. These knops are particularly worn, and have damaged and chipped edges. The brooch appears slightly bent where the headplate joins the bow. The curved bow has a row of small ring and dots running vertically down its centre. The extent of the curve of the bow is unknown, as no image of the brooch in profile was supplied. There is a worn break at the base of the bow, where it would have originally been attached to a footplate. No information is availiable on the reverse of the brooch, however it is unlikely that the pin survives as it was probably made of iron and corroded. The catchplate would have been located on the reverse of the missing footplate., The hinge would have been located on the reverse of the headplate, however its condition is unknown. The length of the remaining sections of brooch is 35mm , and it is 24mm across at the widest point. The weight and thickness of the brooch is unknown. The patina and colouration of the brooch is unknown due to a black and white photograph being used for identification. A similar headplate to this example can be seen in the West Stow report, Figure 260, 1-2. Small Brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Good condition Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Ai. The brooch is 22 mm in diameter, and the thickness and weight are unknown. The brooch is slightly worn the raised decoration, with pale gilding remaining on all surfaces except on the edge of the rim, the nose of the facemask and 10% of the decorative border. This example has a complete, undamaged upturned rim. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with upturned ends, with a series of circular punchmarks running along its length. Immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows with upturned ends, and is joined in the centre to a nose that flairs out at the nostrils. The eyes are small and rounded with curved, well placed eye-rings below. The oval shaped cheeks are full and almost completely rounded. The face has a wide, open mouth comprised of two pointed bars; the upper bar extends over the lower bar, and possibly represents a moustache. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of small circular punchmarks on its inside edge. The reverse of the brooch is unknown; its details were not recorded with the original PAS record.

One of two Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooches. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The measurements for this example are unknown. The brooch is presumably decorated with a face mask motif, however the exact form is unknown, thus it cannot be attributed to an Avent and Evison classification. It is unknown if the brooch has an upturned rim or any additional decoration, such as punchmarks or beading. The amount of gilt, if any, on the face of the brooch is also unknown. The details of the reverse of the brooch were not recorded. Button brooches usually had an iron pin attached, however some examples had a copper alloy pin. It is unknown what material was used to construct the pin for this example.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Ei.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy Avent and Evison Class A miscellaneous button brooch with a gilt surface; the extent of gilding that remains on the surface is unknown, due to identification from a black and white photograph. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch is in good condition, except for the shallow, upturned rim, which only partially survives. It is 16mm in diameter, however all other measurements and weights remain unknown. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a very small pointed helmet with slightly upturned ends. A curved eyebrow unit with upturned ends is situated immediately below the helmet. A wide nose that flares out very slightly at the nostrils is attached to the centre of the eyebrow element. The large rounded eyes are uneven in size, with the left being slightly larger than the right. There are no eye-rings, with the area beneath the eyes being almost completely filled with large curved cheeks. The right cheek has been damaged in the centre. The area below the cheeks is filled with a large, open mouth comprised of two curved bars of equal length. There is a decorative border surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of four concentric rings. The outer ring, closest to the rim, is an incised line, while the remaining three rings are formed of punchmarks. The two rings closest to the face-mask are made of small circular punches; however these are not well placed as the punches to the lower left run into each other. The outer ring of punchmarks is formed of larger circles, and some punches appear to have been misplaced, especially at the apex of the ring. The details of the reverse of the brooch are unknown as they were not recorded on the original PAS record.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate, irrespective of the footplate shape. The square headplate is 16mm wide and is attached to a very short, wide bow with concave edges which then widen out into a sub-triangular footplate. The shape of the bow in profile is unknown, however from the images availiable it appears to be almost flat with a slight curve. The entire surface of the brooch is heavily worn, and there is no apparent decoration. It has been suggested that the brooch was deliberately ground down, and that the sub-triangular footplate was originally lozenge form. The surviving sections of the brooch are 31mm long. The reverse of the brooch has an intergral hinge and catchplate surviving behind the headplate and footplates respectively. The pin is missing. Most pins on early Anglo-Saxon brooches were made in iron, thus is it possible that the pin has completelu corroded however there does not appear to be any iron staining on the reverse of the brooch. The patina and colouration are unknown due to the black and white photograph. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate. The headplate is 22mm across at the widest point. The centre of the headplate is square, with small semi-circular recesses to either side of the bow which are mirrored on the top edge of the headplate. There is an intergral flat rectangular bars/knops on the three free edges of the headplate. The headplate shape attributes this brooch to Leeds class B, cross-potent headplate type. The bars on both vertical lengths of the headplate are decorated with two or three incised lines. The headplate is heavily damaged due to agricultural activity with several lines gouged into its surface. There is a slightly recesses moulding where the headplate joins to the bow. The bow is wide and quite short, with a worn rounded end where it would have originally been attached to the footplate. The bow does not appear to be decorated, however this is unclear due to the lighting in the photograph. The shape of the bow in profile is also unknown, as only a photograph of the upper surface of the brooch was provided for identification. The total length of the remaining sections of the brooch is 31mm. The shape of the missing footplate cannot be speculated as they can be a range of different shapes on small long brooches. The condition of the reverse of the brooch, including hinge, pin and catchplate is unknown. The patina and colouration are also unknown due to the black and white photograph. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

This Anglo-Saxon brooch fragment was originally identified as one arm from an equal armed brooch. However, the photograph appears to show the footplate of a small long brooch, imitating a Kentish square headed brooch. The brooch cannot be attributed to Leeds (1945) typology for small long brooches, as the classification was based upon the shape of the headplate and did not take into account the range of footplate shapes. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing bow and headplate. The surviving footplate is also incomplete, there is a worn break across its base showing the the remains of a ring and dot motif. The lower part of the bow is still attached, and the break across it is extremely worn. The footplate is lozenge shaped with moulded, curved projections on the upper two edges. These projections appear to be an imitation of the footplate design of Kentish square headed brooches. The foot is decorated with a large, central ring and dot design, comprised of two rings. There is a smaller ring and dot motif, with only one ring each, in each of the corners of the lozenge. However, as already stated the lower ring and dot motif has a break through it. The reverse of the brooch is unknown, only the front of the brooch is seen in the photograph provided. Small long brooches have a range of different shaped headplates, thus the shape of the missing headplate cannot be speculated. The patina and colouration of the brooch is also unknown due to the photograph being black and white. The remaining section of the brooch is 19mm in length, and is 14mm across at the widest point. The thickness and weight of the brooch are unknown. Small long brooches were in use from circa 475AD through to the early 6th Century.

A copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch, with part of rim missing.

Headplate, bow and part of the foot of a copper alloy square-headed brooch. The head is rectangular and the incomplete foot is lozenge-shaped. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object was found on a rally at Great Mongeham (on 11.9.1993) and has been identified from the image only.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate and pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, square headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The square headplate is 15mm wide and decorated with a central ring and dot design, comprised of two rings. The undecorated bow is wide and quite short, with a worn rounded end where it would have originally been attached to the footplate. The thickness of the bow and its shape in profile are unknown due to only the only image being of the front of the brooch. The total length of the remaining brooch sections is 24mm. The reverse of the brooch is unknown, except that the pin (probably made from iron, as with most early Anglo-Saxon brooch pins) is missing, and the catchplate would have been situated behing the footplate. The brooch has damaged edges, especially around the headplate most likely due to agricultural activity. The patina and colouration are unknown. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Rectangular head plate of a copper alloy small long brooch, decorated with ring-and-dot punchmark at each corner, and a larger ring-and-dot punchmark in the centre. The top right corner of the headplate is damaged. The hinge survives on the rear of the headplate, and the top part of the bow is also extant.

A copper alloy small long brooch. The brooch has a small rectangular head, with a possibly zoomorphic relief design. The foot of the brooch is trapezoidal, with transverse linear decoration. On the back of the headplate is a single integral attachment lug, now broken. An integral catchplate runs the length of the foot. Traces of iron corrosion on the back of the headplate and foot are presumably the remains the pin.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface; the extent of gilding surviving on the surface of the brooch is unknown. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class C, which is decorated with a very stylised face-mask design that is symmetrical and comprised of 7 elements. There is a small, round helmet with flat base. A line of circular punch-marks runs along its base. Below the helmet are two curved lines that extend down the face of the brooch forming the eyebrow element, and they encompass the eyes, eye-rings and cheeks. The nose is formed out of the space between these two curves. The eyes are comprised of an angled semi-circle situated in the apex of the 'eyebrow' curves. There are two narrow bars parallel to the base of each eye, which most likely represent the eye-rings and cheek elements. The mouth is formed of a curved line above a crescent with a flat base. A ring of beading surrounds the facemask. The brooch is slightly worn on the raised areas of decoration, and the edge of the brooch is worn where most of the upturned rim has been broken off. It is 18mm in diameter; the other measurements are unknown for this brooch. The condition of reverse of the brooch, including the pin, pin lug and catchplate are unknown, as this information was not recorded with the original PAS record.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Aii, similar to Bifrons 6.2. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch is 20mm in diameter, the thickness and weight are unknown. The brooch is very worn on decorative border and has some wear on raised surfaces. The extent of gilt that remains on the surface of the brooch is unknown, due to identification from a black and white photograph. This brooch has a missing rim, with partial remains on the lower right hand side, the surviving edge of the brooch is very worn. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with a series of circular punchmarks running along its length. Immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows with slightly upturned ends, which are joined in the centre to a wide nose that flares out at the nostrils. The eyes are relatively large and rounded with curved eye-rings below; although both eyerings are well placed, the left eye-ring is less curved. The oval shaped cheeks are full and almost completely rounded. The face has a narrow, slightly open mouth, with both the curved upper and lower element of the mouth being of the same length. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border containing a ring of beading on the inside edge, and a further ring of small circular punchmarks towards the rim edge. The reverse of the brooch is unknown; its details were not recorded with the original PAS record.

Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. The brooch was cast in copper alloy and is complete except for the pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate, irrespective of the footplate shape. The square headplate is 45mm wide and decorated with a ring and dot motif in each of the four corners. The headplate is attached to a long, narrow and undecorated bow. The shape of the bow in profile is unknown, as the brooch has been identified from the attached photographs. The base of the bow is attached to a sub-triangular footplate with rounded corners, with the lower tip having a worn break. Simple ring and dot decoration is used on the foot at both top corners, and there a further ring and dot in the centre of the plate. The brooch is 46mm long in total. The reverse of the brooch has an intergral hinge and catchplate, while the pin (presumably iron, as with most Anglo-Saxon brooch pins) is missing. The brooch has a fairly worn surface, and the headplate has begun to corrode. The patina and colourations of the brooch are unknown. Small-long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th Century, circa 525AD.

Cast silver gilt fragment of a plated disc brooch. Outer border decorated with groups of transverse ridges, inner border of nielloed zig-zag. Recessed central plate is cracked and pierced by a disc-headed rivet. Back has outer border of cast zig-zags alternating with plain panels, and inner border of transverse ridges alternating with plain panels, both showing traces of gilding.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class A, an exact sub-classification cannot be attributed as the brooch has been identified from a poor quality photograph, and is unavailable for study. Weights and measurements are also unavailable. The brooch appears slightly worn; however this is unclear due to the quality of the photograph. The extent of gilding that remains on the surface is unknown. The rim of the brooch is missing, leaving a central face-mask motif and a decorative border. The face-mask motif is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with upturned ends, with small punch-marks or beading running along its length. The eyebrow element is situated directly below the helmet, however its exact shape cannot be determined, the same is true for the nose element, due to lighting levels in the photograph. The eyes appear to be rounded with curved eye-rings situated below. The cheeks are full and rounded. The open mouth appears to be off centre; however this could be due to a shadow on the photograph. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of relatively large circular punchmarks. The details of the reverse of the brooch are unknown as they were not recorded on the original PAS record

Foot and lower half of bow of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy brooch, probably from a radiate-headed brooch. Foot-plate consists of a narrow pointed terminal with a projecting semi-circular knob projecting from either side just below the junction with the bow.

Anglo-Saxon copper alloy disc brooch, decorated with a central ring-and-dot punchmark, with a very small hole in the centre of the punchmark. An indented circular band surrounds the punchmark, roughly equidistant between the centre and rim of the brooch. An integral catchplate and attachment lug survive on the back of the brooch, and the remains of a copper alloy pin is attached to the lug.

A copper alloy small long brooch, with silver plating over both front and reverse surfaces. Square head plate, bow, foot tapers outwards to trapezoid-shaped terminal. The head and footplates are decorated with a simple border of two parallel incised lines. No other decoration is visible. The corroded remains of the iron spring and part of the pin survive on the rear of the headplate, as does the integral catchplate on the rear just below the bow.

Small Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series III, made from gilded copper alloy. The headplate consists of a single rectangular panel with a raised undecorated border. The panel is divided into two by a short vertical band, and in each half is an identical relief motif which looks a little like a rectilinear scroll. The bow has a raised central longitudinal raised band flanked on either side by a groove and an outer raised band. These raised bands continue onto the foot, and the outer ones flare out to accommodate a tiny pointed-oval panel on either side filled with a pointed-oval ridge. Below and between, the central raised band bifurcates to form a lozenge-shaped panel which is filled with a stylised human face. This has a flaring nose, a pellet eye to either side, a curved ridge around the outside of each eye and, filling in the corners, a blob which probably represents a cheek. The raised border of the lozenge extends downwards and is probably broken, with a missing terminal. The finds recording form, and a drawing, indicate that there is a mass of corroded iron on the reverse of the headplate which probably represents the spring and pin of the brooch. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD.

Bow and part of headplate from a gilded Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series I or III (this depends on the material; see below). The headplate fragment has a central panel with zoomorphic Style I decoration (one very neat leg is clearly visible), surrounded by a raised band with inlaid niello decoration. There appears to be some kind of relief decoration outside this raised band as well, although the surviving fragment here is very small. The bow has a raised central band running longitudinally, dividing two panels of Style I decoration. These have slightly lower raised bands running around the three other sides. The nearest parallel in Leigh 1980 is one from Bifrons grave 63. Early Anglo-Saxon, first half of sixth century AD. This object has been identified from the image only, and from this appears to be of gilded silver (with some copper-alloy corrosion in the centre of the bow). The original find recording form, however, states that the brooch is gilded copper alloy. If the brooch is silver, it will be of Leigh's series I; if copper alloy, it will be of Leigh's series III.

An incomplete cast Copper later early-Medieval nummular disc brooch. Description: The brooch has a double beaded rim with a central crowned or helmeted bust, left, at its centre in copying contemporary coin styles. The reverse has a pin lug at the top with evidence of the iron pin corroding to it, but the catchplate is missing. Measurements: Thickness: 6 mm and Diameter: 29 mm Discussion: This brooch fits a group of late saxon disc brooches which copy, or appear to copy coinage of the period see Weetch (2013), with the variants being divided by whether they copy obverse or reverse designs. Weetch would thus classify this brooch as type 2.Ai and indeed included this example in her corpus as no. 188. They date c.eighth/early ninth century to 11th, although become increasingly uncommon in the 11th century.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This brooch was cast in copper alloy, and is now incomplete as the headplate is broken and the footplate missing. The complete headplate would have been cross-pattee shaped attributing it to Leeds (1945) class C, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. Cross-pattee headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The surviving section of the headplate is comprised of two projections, one on the left edge and one on the top edge. They are sub-rectangular in shape with two concave edges and one flat edge. The top projection contains a ring and dot motif. There would have originally been a row of three ring an dot designs running across the headplate in a horizontal line, one in each projection and the third in the centre. Two of these designs are intact, while the third can only be partially seen where the projection on the right of the headplate has broken off. The break on the headplate is worn, and there is some damage on the other projections. The curved bow is undecorated and has a worn break at its base where it originally attached to a footplate. The hinge is still attached on the reverse of the headplate, however the pin is missing. There is some iron corrosion on the reverse of the brooch, and this is presumably the remains of the iron pin. The catchplate would have been situated behind the footplate. The remaining section of the brooch is approximately 30mm long, no other measurements are known. The patina and colouration of the brooch is unknown due to the black and white photograph used for identification. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, through to the early 6th centruy, circa 525AD.

Part of the headplate and part of the bow from a gilded Kentish square-headed brooch, of Leigh's series I or III (this depends on the material; see below). A little more than half of the headplate survives. In the centre of the headplate is a rectangular setting which probably originally held a garnet. In the surviving upper and lower corners are pointed-oval settings, the lower of which retains a garnet. Between the settings is rather schematic Style I decoration, mostly consisting of C shapes and drop shapes. A double ridge runs vertically across the centre of the headplate, above and below the central rectangular setting. The Style I does not appear to be symmetrical about this central line. The headplate frame consists of a series of beaded borders running around all the surviving edges - top, bottom and one side. The top appears to have three or four beaded borders with a wider undecorated border forming the edge. The side and bottom edges have a single beaded border, and outside this is a border which may be inlaid with a niello zig-zag or opposed offset triangles; it is hard to see from the photo, though, and this border may possibly alternatively consist of a row of pellets set within a groove. The bow is of disc-on-bow type, and just less than half survives. The top is flat and has the remains of a circular hole through which the disc would have been riveted. Three pairs of grooves survive on the bow, all running down from the central flat circle; one runs down towards the centre of the headplate and the other two to the edge of the headplate. From parallels (e.g. Bifrons grave 64) there would probably have been three matching pairs of grooves on the lower part of the bow. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object has been identified from the image only, and from this appears to be of gilded silver; there is no trace of green corrosion on the image and the workmanship and design is of surprisingly high quality for a copper-alloy brooch. The original finds recording form, however, states that the brooch is of gilded copper alloy. If the brooch is silver, it will be of Leigh's series I; if copper alloy, it will be of Leigh's series III.

Part of the headplate and part of the bow from a gilded Kentish square-headed brooch, of Leigh's series I or III (this depends on the material; see below). The headplate is missing its outer borders around all edges; there is a raised inner border decorated with opposed offset triangles inlaid with niello. Within this is a rectangular panel of relief decoration consisting of two back-to-back Style I animals. The bodies are made up of a wide ridge between two narrower ridges, and each has a rear leg towards the outside of the headplate and a foreleg towards the centre of the headplate; the heads are in the centre at the top of the headplate. Each head begins with a browband made up of two parallel ridges with pellets in between, and above this is a triangular ear. Below the browband is a nose, eye and cheek, with open jaws forming the mouth. There is no very close parallel in Leigh's catalogue (1980), but the brooch from Bifrons grave 41 (brooch 1). This also has a disc on the bow, and animals with similar heads in the headplate frame. The Bifrons brooch dates from the late fifth or early sixth century, and this brooch must be of similar date. This object has been identified from the image only, and from this appears to be of gilded silver; there is no trace of green corrosion on the image and the workmanship and design is of extremely high quality for a copper-alloy brooch. The original finds recording form, however, states that the brooch is of gilded bronze. If the brooch is silver, it will be of Leigh's series I; if copper alloy, it will be of Leigh's series III.

Small Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series III, made from gilded copper alloy. The headplate has lost most if not all of its top and side edges; a central rectangular panel survives, filled with vertical ribbing (parallel to the direction of the bow) which appears to consist of ridges separated by alternating wider and narrower grooves. A broad groove surrounds this central panel. The bow has a broad raised band running down the centre, and on either side are narrow longitudinal beaded ridges. The foot is very incomplete, but raised bands can be seen forming a lozenge shape with incurved sides. Above and to either side of this lozenge is an incomplete panel of relief decoration. Within the lozenge are concentric lozenges made up of beaded or notched ridges. Very similar to KENT4436; parallels from Leigh's catalogue (1980) include Chessell Down no. 9 and Howletts no. 1. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object has been identified from the image only.

Anglo-Saxon S-shaped brooch, gilt copper alloy, decorated with Style I animal art on front. Plain back with iron corrosion on surface, probably remains of pin.

Equal-armed brooch with triangular head and foot plates with rounded edges. Small punched ring motif around edges of head and foot. Integral catchplate and perforated lug for pin on back, but pin missing. Compare IOW-A1F47D, BUC-F80606, etc. The dating of these brooches is helped by one having been found in a grave at Frilford, now in the British Museum (1867,0204.8).

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy disc brooch, measuring 28mm in diameter and is 7mm thick. The brooch is comprised of four decorative zones. There is a large ring and dot motif in the central design, and a small hole directly in the centre of the brooch. The next zone has small ring and dot punches arranged in a circle. This is bound by a zone filled with 5 concentric rings. The outer zone is decorated in the same fashion as the second zone, with punched rin and dot motifs. The surface of the brooch is in relatively good condition except for a worn rim and a crack running from the hole in the centre of the brooch to the outer edge. The pin and hinge are missing from the reverse of the brooch, but the catchplate is still intact. The brooch has a dull green-black patina with some lighter patches of green corrosion. Disc brooches are dated to the early Anglo-Saxon period, circa 450AD to 550AD.

Small Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series III, made from copper alloy with some gilding surviving. The headplate is almost square, with a central rectangular panel decorated with vertical ribbing (parallel to the direction of the bow). This is surrounded by a series of rectilinear borders. The bow has a central raised longitudinal band which runs a little way down onto the footplate. Either side of this raised band, at the top of the footplate, is a roughly oval panel of relief decoration. The centre of the footplate has a small raised circle which could just possibly be a setting for a stone, although the lack of a garnet in the headplate makes the presence of a garnet on the footplate less likely. This circle is surrounded by a lozenge, probably formed from ridges, and then outside this is a raised band forming a larger lozenge with incurved sides. The foot is elongated towards the bottom and ends in an expanded terminal which appears to have rectangular relief decoration. The original compiler of the finds recording form has stated that the catchplate and hinge are intact, but that the pin is missing. The best parallel from Leigh's catalogue is from Chessell Down no. 9. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object has been identified from a rather low-resolution image only.

KENT-6F8B57: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Ai. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch is 16mm in diameter and has a maximum thickness of 3mm, the weight is unknown. The brooch is worn and corroded on all surfaces, and has a dull brown patina with no gilding remaining on the surface. The rim is missing from this brooch and it has a worn damaged edge. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with upturned ends, and immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows, again with upturned ends. The centre of the eyebrows joins to a narrow nose which flares out at the nostrils. The eyes are small and rounded with heavily worn, curved, well placed eye-rings below. The cheeks are full and rounded. The face has an open mouth with an upper element with upturned ends extending over the lower element, possibly representing a moustache. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of notched radial lines on its inside edge; due to wear this ring of lines only partially remains on the brooch. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a pin lug and a catchplate, the latter having a small amount of iron corrosion around it, implies that an iron pin was originally attached to the brooch. The pin was positioned across the face at a slight angle, with the pin lug at 273 degrees and the catchplate at 93 degrees; these angles correspond to the face of the brooch as opposed to the reverse so they are comparable with the measurements from Avent and Evison's research.

KENT-6FA723: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon ansate brooch. There is transverse linear decoration on each arm, and traces of the iron hinge survive on the reverse, along with an integral catchplate. Weetch allocated this brooch to her Type X.Ai, which she dates to the 8th or 9th centuries.

KENT-131D68: BROOCH
Cast gilt copper-alloy button-type brooch. The front of the brooch has a central circular setting for a garnet (now missing), which is backed with gold foil. Around this setting is a zone of relief 'ropework', consisting of sixteen divisions representing a length of coiled rope? Around this is a beaded circle, which forms the boundary with the rim of the brooch. The remains of the hinge and catchplate survive on the back of the brooch, but there is no trace of the pin, which was probably of iron. The face of the brooch has substantial remains of gilt.

NMGW-7DE9A3: BROOCH
Copper alloy plate brooch of unusual form and uncertain date, but possibly Anglo Saxon. The brooch is complete except for the missing pin and a broken lug on the reverse (from the twin lug arrangement). The face is irregular and is shaped similar to two overlapping triangles. The catch plate is positioned at the apex of the top triangle. The top edge near the lugs has an S-shaped bend, which corresponds to a thinning of the metal. The face is decorated with raised border around the edge and a central cross. Either side of the vertical rib are thin diagonal mark, which slope upwards in the top section and downwards in the bottom.

NARC-C817D8: BROOCH
Head and part of the bow of an Anglo-saxon copper-alloy brooch. The remains of the brooch are 25 mm in length and 20 mm wide. The brooch is in quite poor condition, although the presence of arms and protruding head indicate that it is a Long Brooch, similar to example 663 given in Hattat 2000 "A Visual Catalouge of Richard Hattat's Ancient Brooches", page 372. Such brooches are thought to date to between 500 and 525 AD.

Three fragments of one or more small, Kentish, square-headed brooch(es). The largest fragment comprises a small portion of the head-plate panel and about half of the bow of a brooch. The head-plate has an incomplete and empty rectangular setting, probably for a garnet slice, set just above the centre of the bow. To one side of this a panel of moulded Style I relief ornament is just visible, comprising what may be part of an eye. The bow has a high-relief strip running lengthways down its centre. This appears somewhat worn, but has some small triangular indents towards the headplate end which may have carried niello. Part of the hinge plate survives on the reverse, with some traces of iron adhering, probably from the brooch spring/pin mechanism. There is a jagged break across the headplate and a transverse break across the middle of the bow. These breaks appear sharp and unworn, again suggesting recent damage. The closest parallel in Leigh's corpus would appear to be a Series II brooch from the cemetery at Chessel Down on the Isle of Wight (Cd 4; Leigh 1980, pl.28). This has a very similar bow and a headplate with rectangular garnet setting just above the junction with the bow, flanked by Style I decoration. This would be consistent with items 5-6 below being fragments of the same brooch and, on balance, this seems likely. L. 13.94mm, W. 14.59mm, T. 9.1mm, weight 1.7g. The second fragment comprises one upper corner of a head-plate. The fragment has a single square setting inlaid with a foil-backed garnet slice. The garnet is damaged. A number of brooches in the Kentish square-headed brooch corpus have square garnets inlaid at the upper corners of the headplate, but the settings on the brooch from Chessel Down (Cd 4) referred to above appear very similar to this fragment, strengthening the likelihood that these fragments are derived from a single similar brooch. L. 9.91mm, W. 9.86mm, T. 2.08mm, weight 0.7g. The third fragment comprises the terminal and lower part of a foot-plate. The lower part of the foot-plate comprises one end of what would have been a lozengiform plate. Two ribs emerge from the raised border of the foot terminal, each carrying traces of niello-inlay. The foot-plate terminal is rectangular, with worn and rounded lower edges. Inside the raised outer edge is a rectangle of raised beading, within which is set a rectangular garnet-inlaid setting. The garnet, which is backed by gold foil, is damaged. The transverse break across the footplate is, once again, relatively unworn, with sharp edges, suggesting a recent break. This fragment does not match the terminals on the footplates of the brooches that parallel the other two fragments here discussed (all complete examples of these have drop-shaped garnet settings at their terminals), but is not dissimilar to the setting on the Chessel Down brooch which most closely parallels items 4-5. The ribs merging into a rectangular garnet-inlaid setting are very similar, although the Chessel Down brooch has a much wider rectangular panel at its terminal. Nonetheless, the balance of probability is that this fragment is also part of the same brooch. L. 13.4mm, W. 11.07mm, T. 1.8mm, weight 1.2g.

Part of a silver-gilt small, Kentish, square-headed brooch, inlaid with a pair of drop-shaped garnets, plus a small fragment of the catch-plate. The main fragment comprises the greater part of the foot-plate, and part of the bow, of the brooch. A high-relief, un-gilded, strip being niello inlay runs vertically down the centre of the bow and foot-plate, and horizontally across the foot-plate, thus dividing the foot-plate into four panels. A drop-shaped garnet, backed by panels of gold foil, is inlaid at either end of the horizontal arms of this strip. One of the garnets is damaged an incomplete. The four corner panels on the foot-plate each contain moulded Style I relief ornament, comprising animals with a single eye and stylised limb or body. The gilding on these panels survives well, except in the areas of highest relief. An integral catch-plate is present on the reverse of the foot-plate; part of this has broken off, probably since discovery, but is present. The catch-plate retains part of the iron brooch pin. There are also traces of copper corrosion on the reverse of the brooch, perhaps indicating a relatively high copper content. There is a transverse break across the bow, as well as across the lower part of the foot-plate. These breaks both appear relatively unworn, again suggesting they have occurred relatively recently as a result of contact with agricultural implements. This brooch is closely paralleled by a pair from the Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Bifrons (Bi.41-2 i and ii) and by an example from a burial at Mersham (Me 1). These were assigned by Leigh to his Series II (Leigh 1980, pl.36), dated circa 500-570 AD. L. 23.57mm, W. 29.53mm, T. 9.99mm, weight 5.7g. Brugmann allocates brooches with garnets to a central phase in her chronology, which also runs from c. 500-c. 560-70 AD (in Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 78-9; quoting Brugmann 1999, fig. 3.4, tables 3.2 and 3.3).

KENT-08E144: BROOCH
Gilt copper alloy Anglo-Saxon 'S-shaped' brooch, in the form of two opposed birds heads. Incised decoration, circular punch marks around outer edges. Integral catchplate and hinge on reverse, with some traces of iron pin.

BERK-85C930: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy saucer brooch. The brooch was cast in one piece consisting of a flat, decorated disc face with an undecorated, raised rim. The decoration has been ?chip carved and forms a geometric pattern. The design is of concentric circles, with the inner circle consisting of a spiral motif, banded by a plain rim, and the outer circle is raised and beaded. The brooch was probably gilded in the past, but all traces are now lost. Less than fifty percent of the brooch remains, this includes part of the rim and decorated base. The catchplate is present and consists of one piece of metal curled over; it is integral to the brooch rather than added on. The brooch is in poor condition with raised patches of green corrosion, the metal is purple grey green. This is an early Anglo Saxon brooch with a parallel in Hattatt (1982 p.175 no. 176) that dates to the fifth to sixth century.

BERK-26C8D6: BROOCH
A copper alloy disc brooch. The face of the brooch is decorated with a simple incised ring and dot design consisting of a central dot surrounded by two concentric circles with a third circle around the edge of the brooch. On the reverse there is a lump of corroded iron around a single copper alloy lug. This is the remains of the iron pin that would have been present. The catch plate is still present but the curved end to catch the pin is broken and missing. MacGregor & Bolick (1993:57) says that it is usual for these to be silver plated or tinned but there is no trace of either remaining on this brooch. The brooch is similar to one found in Abingdon (MacGregor & Bolick 1993:61 no. 4.22) This brooch has an even dark green patina and a diameter of: 24.13mm.

LIN-52AFE5: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy small long brooch. Three worn and broken side knops surround a square headplate. Arched bow, faceted at the upper terminal and broken at the lower. Single pin lug on reverse.

CAM-1528E3: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy square headed brooch dating to the sixth century AD. The fragment comprises part of the foot plate and one side lobe. The foot plate is flat, with a prominent central rib terminating in a face mask, beyond which the brooch is broken. Flanking the rib are two triangular cells created from reserve metal. The cells are surrounded by bands of vertical and horizontal moulded decoration. The surviving lobe possesses a circular cell created from reserve metal. To one side of the cell is a circular panel of moulded decoration. On the underside there is a central vertical rib and a small fragment of the catchplate. The fragment measures 40mm in length, 47mm in width. It appears to be blackened in places and is slightly distorted suggesting that it has been burnt, probably in a cremation context.

CAM-A6D707: BROOCH
A copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the fifth or sixth centuries AD. The brooch posesses a rectangular head plate with slightly raised central panel. No decoration is visible on the head plate although the surface of the brooch is corroded. The top knob and side knobs are cast integral to the head plate. They are semi-circular in section with moulded collars. The bow is arched and D sectioned.It extends to an expanded rectangular leg with transverse moulded ribs. The foot is broken but appears to have possessed a horse head terminal, the eyes of which are just visible. On the underside of the head plate is a worn and damaged attachment lug. The catchplate extends from the underside of the leg and is trapezoidal in shape. The brooch measures 77mm in length, the head plate has a maximum width of 49mm, the bow a width of 14mm, the horse headed terminal 12mm.

A fragment of an early-medieval copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The fragment consists of the brooch's foot, the beginnings of the bow, and the remnant of the catchplate on the reverse. It is rectangular in plan and terminates in a flattened round knob, itself part of a horse-head terminal. An old break has detached the majority of the bow and its headplate: the remnant of the bow varies in length from 7.3 to 4.7mm; the break is diagonal. This remnant features two tranverse lines on the obverse, one of which is incised at the point where the bow meets the foot. Below each of these lines are two nicks on the edges of the brooch. The reverse is completely flat and undecorated. As stated, it features the remnant of the catchplate, extending 18.4mm down the foot from the point where the bow meets the foot. Above the catchplate, on the obverse, is the flat panel. From the bow end, the flat panel is decorated by three incised tranverse lines. Below these it is bevelled into three equal faces before terminating in a raised transverse rib. This rib marks the beginning of the half-round panel, an element usually found between the flat panel and the terminal. Where the small half-round panel meets the horse-head terminal there is a further pair of raised ribs. The terminal is bi-faceted and features two prominent raised 'eyes'. At these eyes the foot reaches a maximum thickness of 5.3mm. The terminal itself terminates in a sub-circular flattened knob which is decorated with two incised chevrons, just below the point where the body of the brooch becomes the knob. Anglo-Saxon, 5th, or early 6th century. Examples of similar terminals can be found in West (1998, 304-305).

NCL-2539A2: BROOCH
A Scandinavian lozengiform openwork copper alloy brooch dating to the ninth or tenth centuries. It is of a type found in both the Danelaw and Scandinavia. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated with knot and interlace decoration and shows traces of gilding. A small central rectangular moulded plate is silvered. On the underside of the brooch is a semi-circular catchplate and two perforated lobes for securing the pin. The pin is missing. The underside of the brooch is silvered, as are the lobes and catchplate. The brooch measures 22mm in length and 21.5mm in width. Jane Kershaw has confirmed this as a Scandinavian type - Openwork lozenge brooch, Type II (ridged arms)

LIN-E106D6: BROOCH
Half of a copper alloy S-shaped brooch. The brooch face is in the form of an animals head, however it is extremely worn and barely visible now. There are two holes in the upper part of the brooch face that define the neck from the head. On the reverse there is a crude, small, rolled over catchplate.

NMS-361591: BROOCH
Fragment of Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, one ovoid terminal with a stump of the D-sectioned bow and on the reverse a very high double pin lug and remains of the iron pin loop. The terminal is decorated with a diamond lattice of obliquely engraved lines, three in one direction and three in the other. Hubener 1972 Gruppe 1, Thorle 2001 Gruppe II. 14 x 10mm. Height of pin lug 8mm. 8th - 9th century.

NMS-4262D4: BROOCH
Late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch with cast Borre style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse there is a broken perforated pin lug (upper part missing) aligned with the outside edge and retaining on one side the corroded iron loop of the broken pin. Curled transverse lug forming catchplate at opposed edge. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, 252, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, 23, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2010 East Anglian Series Type I. Diameter 28mm. 2mm thick.

NCL-A05DB5: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy small-long brooch of Anglo-Saxon manufacture, dating c. 450-600. The brooch is incomplete, consisting of the bow and head only. The bow is carinated, with notched corners where it meets the head. The head has been damaged along all edges and no longer retains its orginal shape, which was probably rectangular, though is presently closer to a heart-shape. The damage to the edges of the headplate is abraded. The outer face of the head also does not retain any decoration. In the centre of the reverse of the head is an incomplete lug.

NMS-CD5994: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon gilt copper alloy Great square-headed brooch, an incomplete footplate with both side lobes, the terminal lobe and parts of the edges missing. The inner panel and upper borders are decorated with Style I ornament, and the former with a small round boss. The lower borders are stamped with annulets. There is an incomplete catchplate on the reverse. Hines 1997, Group III. All breaks are ancient. Extant length and width 36 and 25mm. c.520 - c.550.

NCL-DBF460: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy radiate-headed brooch of Early Medieval date, c. 450-600. The brooch is incomplete, consisting of the head and bow only. The head is semi-circular in plan, with a raised outer border and sinuous opposed-beasts' heads decorating the panel in relief, the beasts' having circular holes for eyes, with shallow pellets also decorating the beasts' bodies. There area no knobs on the head. The bow has two raised ridges running lengthwise from the base of the head to the abraded break. The reverse of the head has two small semi-circular lugs set to either side of the width of the bow, below the horizontal centre-line of the head. A copper-alloy rod is held in place by the lugs, with a small portion of the pin hinge held in place between the rod and the back of the head. The copper-alloy appears to have a high lead content. The brooch has been identified as a radiate-headed brooch, though this specific example lacks radiating knobs on the head. Further examples of the knobless variant are found on the PAS database (eg BUC-060D95), and it is uncertain if these represent an Anglo-Saxon variant of a widespread form found across the continent in the fifth and sixth centuries.

NCL-189E30: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy brooch of the Anglo-Saxon tradition, dating c. 500-600. This appears at first sight to be a square-headed brooch, but is in fact a developed form of cruciform brooch, which Leeds classified as his type C2. Compare FAKL-505DF6. The brooch is incomplete and found in two pieces: the headplate and the bow and foot. The headplate had a rectangular central panel with a line bordering the left and right to distinguish it from the wings. The central panel bears a a cross in relief inside a rectangular border. The knobs to each side and top are masks bearing the heavy brow and nose flanked by pellet-eyes. The space between the knobs has been filled with cast integral outer-border panels with some openwork created by circular perforations. The decoration of these border panels has been obscured by wear and damage, particularly below the side knobs toward the bow. This gives the headplate an over-all square-headed brooch appearance, though from the detail it is clear that the brooch is a later form of the cruciform. The bow is carinated with notched corners and a border to each side, with a rectangular platform projecting at the peak of the bow. The lower panel (below the bow) mirrors the central panel of the headplate in decoration, with the border to each side and the enclosed cross in the centre. To either side of the lower panel is a lapet with probable Style I decoration. A band across the width of the foot separates the lower panel from the horsehead foot terminal. Some of the decoration of the terminal remains in high relief, suggesting a highly florid foot, but the brooch has broken here. The reverse of the head retains two lugs for a hinged pin (now missing) and the underside of the lower panel retains a hooked catchplate. Mortimer classes this type of cruciform brooch as her type Z4, which she dates to the middle of the sixth century (1990, 177). More information on the Leeds C2/Mortimer Z4 type can be found on record FAKL-505DF6.

SUR-08EDA5: BROOCH
The central part of a very worn circular gilded and enamelled brooch of 11th or 12th century date. The original projections on the circumference are worn to stumps but there appear to have been twelve originally. The enamel components are white, dark blue, dark green, and red and these sit within cells formed by bent wire strips.

NMS-191AE2: BROOCH
Fragment of a Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch in very abraded condition, part of outside edge with obscure traces of cast curvilinear decoration. On the reverse there is the stump of a transversely set catchplate. Purplish metal. Surviving dimensions 20mm x 13mm. 2mm thick. Probably 10th-century.

NMS-19F595: BROOCH
Middle or late Anglo-Saxon ansate brooch, rectangular, cast with twin transverse grooves separating two engraved saltires on arched bow and an engaraved saltire on both terminals, the saltires are set within lines bordering the outside edge, twin lugs on the reverse contain the corroded remains of an iron pin, there are traces of corroded iron and solder at the other end where the terminal is broken and the catchplate is missing. Surviving length 32mm. Width 11mm. 2mm thick. Weighs 5.77g. Weetch type XI.A, Hübener Gruppe 10, Thörle 2001 Gruppe X or XI. 9th or 10th century. Finder's no.7

NMS-216306: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform, the base of the bow, the footplate, and the outer parts of the headplate wings missing (ancient breaks). The surfaces are abraded. The integral waisted top knob is half-round. The headplate central panel tapers upwards continuing the line of the bow, which widens downwards. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top of the bow. This is hollow-backed and with a median arris. The single pin lug is incomplete. Extant length and width 40.5 and 21.5mm. c.480 - c.530

NMS-AF41A4: BROOCH
Detachable copper alloy side knob from an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch, fully round and waisted, with a slot for the headplate at the proximal end, a median hole filled with remains of the iron pin bar, an engraved encircling line before the waist and a pair of the same outside it. Length 10.5mm. Diameter 8.5mm. c.450 - c.500.

NMS-B43353: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, the lower part of the footplate, the ancient break immediately above the half-round moulding, on which there are three transverse grooves. The terminal is sub-triangular. Parts of the surfaces are obscured by a stubborn chalky deposit, but there is apparently no stamped ornament. Extant length 30.7mm. Width 23mm. c.480 - c.520.

NMS-064C64: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, detachable side knobs and lower part of the footplate missing. The top knob is fully round and conical above a waist. The very narrow headplate is set out of true with the bow, as a result of casting (rather than distortion through use). There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and base of the bow, which is of D-shaped cross-section with an unpronounced median arris. At the top of the footplate a pair of side notches lies above two transverse grooves below which two side chamfers run to a recent break. On the reverse the single pin lug is partly buried beneath the remains of the iron spring and the upper part of the long catchplate survives above the break. Åberg 1926 Group I. Extant length 51mm. Width 8mm. Second half 5th century.

NMS-431F67: BROOCH
Very abraded fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, part of the headplate with very small parts of the sides and part of the top edge extant. Near the missing top corners are one round perforation and part of another. On the reverse an incomplete single pin lug is partly covered by traces of the iron spring/pin. The perforations show that this was either a cross potent derivative or a cross pattee derivative. Width 20.5mm. c.480 - c.510.

LVPL-9632A8: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy annular brooch of Anglo-Saxon dating (5th to 6th Century AD). Approximately 50% of the brooch frame is present, the pin is missing, presumably lost in antiquity. The brooch frame consists of a flat curved band. The front has been decorated with a series of punched ring and dot designs. Perforations or holes are present instead of the central dot. Not all of the holes have been completely perforated. The back is plain and undecorated. Part of a casting ridge or seam is still present on the back. The brooch is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Movement whilst in the plough soil has resulted in minor distortion of the brooch, so that it no longer lies flat. It measures 48.76mm in length, 30.41mm wide and 1.08mm thick. The band is 7.50mm wide. It weighs 3.8 grams.

SUSS-27FC62: BROOCH
An incomplete Anglo-Saxon great square headed brooch, dating to the Early Medieval period (c. 500-600 AD). The remains of the brooch consist of most of the square brooch head and bow, with elaborate decoration; the lower brooch foot, catchplate and pin are missing. The brooch is rectangular in plan and flat in section with a semi-circular sectioned bow. The head is decorated with a prominent, raised square which then has a smaller and thinner raised rectangle within it, in turn framing a stylized anthropomorphic face. Projecting in semi-circular panels at the top and both sides of the outer square panel are similar elaborate and stylized animal motifs. These feature animals with gaping jaws, curved lips, eyes, and in the top case, one foot. A portion of all three semi-circular panels was broken after deposition, particularly the larger panel at the top. Following the decoration on the head plate, the central face design seems to extend down the centre of the bow with a central 'spine', the apex of which is a raised dot. Surrounding the apex of the central 'spine' is another set of raised rectangles, holding matching animals with simplistic eye, mouth, body, and foot. The brooch continues down to what was the foot and catchplate; however only a very small portion of an undulating design on the right side remains. This could have been part of a larger intertwining vegetal or animal design. The reverse surface is plain save for the double lugs in the brooch head which would have fixed the hinge pin to the brooch. The metal of the brooch is dark grey and green in colour. The brooch measures 65.6 mm long, 59 mm wide, 6.5 mm thick, and weighs 41.04 grams.

NARC-40CF64: BROOCH
Zoomorphic terminal fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch dating to the sixth century. In cross-section the fragment is arched and broken along a horizontal axis. Towards the upper break the foot has a series of transverse ribs. the sides widen slightly and a large pellet sits on top indicating the eyes. the sides then taper inwards slightly to suggest a snout. There is probably a break at the tip of the snout and the current egde is not the original edge. However, the breaks are ancient and very smooth and rounded, making this unclear. At the reverse, behind the upper ribbed area, is a vertical ridge 10mm long, which is the remains of the catchplate. The object has an even dark brown patina.

NARC-45E113: BROOCH
A head fragment of a acst copper alloy small long brooch of early medieval date. The upper lug is missing. the the junction of the lugs meting the central square plate are evidence if circular holes, which are indicative of a style typical to Northants (H. Geake, pers comm.). The head is 28mm wide. the start of the bow is present, which is 7mm wide and broken at 4mm long. The reverse has two lugs, now broken, which would have help the spring and pin.

The footplate of a copper alloy Anglo Saxon cruciform brooch. The brooch is missing the headplate. At the top there are two protruding wings in the form of elaborate S shapes. The panel is divided into a further three panels. The first plate at the top is decorated with four dots down either side. The second underneath is undecorated. The panel at the bottom of the brooch begins with a ridge and is decorated with two knobs, above which is another V shaped ridge. There is a line down the centre of this panel, above the V shape it is a simple incised vertical line and below it is made up of a series of horizontal incised lines. The metal is a grey/black colour and is well preserved, although there are some wear marks on the brooch. Parallels can be found in West, S. (1998) A corpus of Anglo Saxon material from Suffolk, Suffolk: County Council Planning Department. See figure 147, number 4 and figure 148, number 10.

SUR-FFA097: BROOCH
A fragment of an early medieval (early Saxon) cruciform brooch with the catchplate on the back. The fragment comprises the lower terminal which is formed by the head of an animal with prominent projecting eyes and opposed spiralling nostrils. The fragment is in extremely good condition with an even grey green patina.

SUR-7FD748: BROOCH
A Viking cast copper alloy disc brooch decorated in the Borre style. The worn decoration shows a central lozenge whose corners extend and curve into interlacing knots. The attachment pins on the back are largely missing.

NCL-525AD1: BROOCH
A fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, c. 475-600. Only the foot remains, from an undecorated flat panel with a double collar and horsehead terminal. The nostrils of the horsehead terminal are small scrolls. The reverse of the panel retains the base of the catchplate.

A fragment of a cast copper alloy Anglo-saxon circular disc brooch. The single cell is a curved trapezoidal shape. there is a raised zig-zag pattern on the border. The cell is inset by 0.9mm. The border is 2mm wide. The cell is 14mm long and 5.2mm wide. The complete fragment is 23mm long and 11mm wide. Two lugs on the reverse are now damaged and mis-shapen. These would have held a pin or spring in place, which is now missing. The broken edges are hollow and indicate that the three areas around this cell also held an inlay. The hollow edges indicate that inlay of metal, garnet or glass was used for decoration rather than enamel.

Early Medieval cast copper alloy and gilded saucer brooch. The upturned rim is damaged and incomplete. There is a central circular boss with ring around it, the next zone of decoration is a wide ring containing Style I animal art, with a narrow ring around it before an upturned rim, which is now damaged and incomplete. The animal design is in the form of a 'C' shaped line with a central pellet, followed by a pair of angled lines, bent at 45 degrees, most likely representing legs. There are then three curved lines, following the circumference of the brooch, before reaching another 'C' shaped motif, with the upper angle curving back on itself. There is then another set of three curved lines, and the desigh repeats itself. The two 'leg' motifs are located over the corresponding locations of the pin lug and catch on the reverse of the brooch. Gilding survives in some of the recessed areas of the brooch (although some areas that appear gold in the photograph is due to the find being cleaned, removing the patina, to reveal the copper colouration below). The reverse of the brooch has the remains of an integrally cast pin lug and catchplate. The catchplate is full if iron corrosion. The brooch is 37.98 mm in diameter,2.48mm thick, 4.01mm deep including the upturned rim and 6.49mm to include the pin fittings. It weighs 15.55 grams.

HAMP-236E16: BROOCH
A fragment from a cast copper-alloy brooch of early-medieval date consisting of the lower bow and foot (6th century AD). The foot plate is flat with cusped side projections each decorated with three hollows. The projections taper towards the terminal which appears to have been slightly truncated as a result of old damage. The field between the projections is decorated with a so-called 'chip carved' triple triangular motif with a further engraved line on each side. Much gilding survives within the recesses, with some also present on the bow. On the lower surface of the plate is an abradad sub-trapezoidal catchplate (L.: 11.95mm; H.: 5.65mm). Traces of orange corrosion product within suggest the pin was made of iron. The bow emerges from the plate in a prominent arch. It narrows slightly as it travels towards the break (W.: 7.2mm; Th.: 3.35mm at break). It features a longitudinal median ridge in low relief; towards the plate the ridge has a smaller ridge within it. The brooch fragment has a dark brown patina with areas of light green corrosion product, particularly on the lower surface, and gilding, particularly on the upper. This would seem to be the foot of a bow brooch as opposed to an equal-armed type. It is uncertain as to whether it is Anglo-Saxon or continental Saxon. The best parallels, as found by Barry Ager, are the brooches from Bremen-Mahndorf (Kühn III Mittel-D, Taf. 13: 72) and Dinton, Bucks, gr. 11 (ASSAH 7, fig. 21: 16 on p. 120).

WMID-C72A93: BROOCH
A gilded copper alloy fragment, possibly from an early medieval great square-headed brooch. Mass 6.5g. Length 27.1mm. Width: 26.3mm. Thickness: 2.3mm. The fragment is sub-circular in plan with a broken projection at one end. The break does not appear to be recent. On the front of the fragment, a double penannular groove runs around the disc, towards the edge, and adjoins a series of recessed lines within the broken projection. There are traces of gilding on the front of the fragment, particularly on the broken projection. There may also be traces of a white metal coating on the front of the disc, but this is unclear. The fragment has an uneven, corroded surface, which appears largely brown/green on the front, and green on the reverse. The reverse is undecorated. In: "A summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections (non-ferrous metals)", MacGregor and Bolick, 1993, p.111, state that one of the most striking characteristics of the footplates on great square-headed brooches is the common occurrence of large and well defined lobes, projecting from either side and from the bottom (ibid.). The fragment recorded here may possibly be a lobe from the footplate of a great square headed brooch, although a direct parallel with disc terminals of the sort has not been identified. MacGregor and Bolick (ibid.). They state that square headed brooches originate in fifth century Scandinavia and were introduced to England shortly before 500 (ibid.). Their popularity was maintained until the end of the third quarter of the sixth century, after which time it waned rapidly (ibid.).

NCL-C632C0: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Anglo-Saxon tradition, c. AD 500-600. The brooch is incomplete, missing the head and the pin, but the bow and foot remain intact. The bow is carinated with projecting, notched corners, with a rectangular panel at the base of each end of the bow below the panels. The bow is widers at the end of the now missing head, with the break occuring at the base of the bow. At at the opposite end of the bow, the foot consists of a double collar, though rectangular in shape, followed by a D-shaped (in section) panel otherwise undecorated, with a moulded double-collar (also D-shaped in section) separating the panel from the horsehead terminal. The terminal consists of a rounded swelling for the eye/ears of the horsehead, with a carinated muzzle leading in to a near-circular nostril/mouth portion of the muzzle. An incomplete catchplate is found on the underside of the foot, running from the base of the bow to the top of the horsehead terminal. The entire surface of the brooch has suffered from some corrosion and wear.

NCL-C6B843: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy ansate brooch of the Middle Saxon period, c. 650-850. The brooch is largely complete, missing only its pin and the catchplate. The brooch consists of a length of copper alloy, rectangular in plan view, but with a humped central section when viewed in profile. In section, the brooch is D-shaped. Each terminal is sub-rectangular in shape, with a cast integral moulded collar at each end of the terminal panel, with the collar at the outside edge of the terminal thicker than the collar separating the terminal from the bow. The bow narrows in breadth as it approaches the peak, but this appears to be due to wear. A collar at the peak of the bow is the only other decoration. The underside of one terminal bears two lugs parallel to each other, located near the foot of the bow, and retaining the base of an iron pin corroded in place. The opposie terminal bears the remains of a rectangular shank for a catchplate, with iron corrosion found around this base. The pin is missing. The brooch has suffered from wear, and there is also some corrosion that has removed the patina of the object.

NCL-C7A646: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch, dating c. 475-600. The brooch is mostly complete, missing its foot terminal and pin. The head of the brooch is cruciform, with a central panel defined on three sides by a line of stamped crescent-over-dot motif. The side wings do not appear to bear any more decoration, except for a small notch cut in the lower edge of each wing, to further distinguish from the bow. The top arm of the cruciform head bears more damage to its edges, though not much material has been lost; the base of the top arm also has a notch in its lower corners, to further distinguish it from the central plate. Despite the notches and stamped decoration, it should be noted that the entire head has a flush surface that is very slightly convex in section. In the centre of the underside/reverse of the head a single cast-integral lug remains, with iron corrosion around its base and extending toward to top of the head, across the underside of the top arm. The bow is carinated, with projecting corners sitting on a short rectangular plate above the head and foot. Both bow bases have moulded linear decoration across the width, and at the base of the bow at the foot end, a distinct panel that runs from the bow base to the upper foot can be distinguished, with each end bearing moulded linear banding. Below this on the foot is a panel that is undecorated, but has chamfered faces to either side of a flat central face. Below this are two series of four moulded ribs/collars, D-shaped in section. After this, the foot is incomplete, with an abraded break. The underside of the foot retains a hooked catchplate running the full length of remaining foot.

PUBLIC-DEEDB7: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch, The brooch consists of a rectangular head plate, with slightly chamferredvertical edges. This has a semi-spherical knob with a moulded collar on its upper edge.The bow has a triangular section with a prominent ridge running down its centre. This sits on top of a triangular shaped foot plate which is joined to the animal head terminal by three moulded semi-circular ridges. Animal-head terminal is three dimensional with a ridged brow containing bbulbous eyes, a central ridge and rounded nostrils. Pin lug is obscured with iron corrosion. The catch plate runs the length of the foot, is intact and is filled with iron corrosion. Length 79mm. Width 17mm.Thickness 5.5. Weight 24.88 g.

LEIC-F31F03: BROOCH
A fragment of an early medieval copper alloy small long brooch. Only the lower half of the bow and part of the foot survives. The bow is strongly curved and the outer face is decorated with three longitudinal grooves running down the centre culminating in two transverse grooves. The foot is heavily damaged and its original form is difficult to make out. Two transverse lines run across the base of what survives. To the reverse is the remains of a catch-plate. It is of early 5th to 6th century date (Macgregor and Bolick 1993, 125). Length: 27.0mm, width: 10.6mm, thickness: 5.7mm, weight: 2.54g

NMS-1A2411: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon tinned copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 Trefoil-headed type with missing footplate, the non-recent break cutting across the base of the bow. Lines of stamped impressions of a triangle set within a V decorate the top and edges of the headplate and the centre of each foil. One foil has been bent forwards. The D-sectioned bow tapers strongly downwards, and its top is marked by a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with a pair of transverse grooves. Immediately beneath this there are two further stamped impressions. On the reverse there is an incomplete single pin lug. Extant length 47.5mm. Width 45mm. c.480 - c.500. Finder's number AFC 1074.

NMS-1A4600: BROOCH
Curving copper alloy D-sectioned bar broken in antiquity at both ends and rather worn. Before one end there are slight signs of a flattened panel. Probably part of the bow of an Early Saxon brooch, Cruciform or Small-long. Length 23mm. Width 11mm. Thickness 2.8mm. c.480 - c.530. Finder's number AFC 1111.

NMS-1C81B5: BROOCH
Fragment of Cruciform brooch, broken above the animal-head terminal, upper part missing. D-sectioned foot with broad rib at animal-head terminal with projecting eyes and V-shaped projection onto sub-circular snout. Deep vertical scar on reverse where the catchplate is missing. Surviving length 29mm. Width (at eyes) 9mm, at break 7mm. 4.5mm thick. Weighs 4.87g. Late 5th-early 6th century.

NMS-307EE8: BROOCH
Footplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch. Below an ancient break a plain length gives way to a half-round moulding, the first rib of which is decorated with a row of punched dots. The animal-head terminal, enhanced by three double-line chevrons, is composed of protruding eyes, a long muzzle and large divided nostrils. On the reverse iron staining within the incomplete catchplate may indicate that the object was abandoned or buried with the pin closed. Length 37.5mm. Width 10.5mm. Weight 8.69g. c.480 - c.530.

NMS-313077: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch in rather worn condition, with a backward-turning beast in counter-relief within a border of pellets. The beast's tail is upturned, and there are probably three toes on three of its legs with only two on one at the rear. On the reverse the stump of the broken pin-lug, positioned directly behind the tail, is set parallel to the outer edge of the brooch. The catchplate lies at right angles to the edge. The pin is missing. Diameter 24.5mm. Thickness of disc 1.5mm. Weight 4.66g. Backward-turning beast brooches date to the 10th century. The type is highly characteristic of East Anglia.

HAMP-38F4A4: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy ansate brooch of middle or late early-medieval date (c. 8th to 10th century). The object has broken approximately in half at the centre of the bow; the terminal which would have featured the double pin lug is missing along with half of the bow, and the pin. The extant terminal is broadly circular. On its lower surface, just before the bow, is a D-shaped catch-plate. On the upper surface it would appear to be undecorated. The bow (W.: c. 6.2mm) rises to a high, rounded arch. It would also appear to be undecorated. This brooch can be compared with those from Ipswich illustrated in West (1998, 216; fig. 98), and can be classified as Weetch's type II.Ai, Hubener's Group 1 and Thorle's Group II. It now has a variable mid-green colour and has suffered some abrasions to its surviving terminal.

SUSS-5C6A12: BROOCH
An incomplete gilded copper alloy early Early-Medieval (430-550) cast saucer brooch, with damage to the flan, catchplate and lugs on the reverse. It measures 26.8 mm in diameter, 3.1 mm thick and weighs 6.8 grams. The saucer brooch is decorated with six running spirals around a central ring and dot, a concentric ring joining outside of the spiral and another two concentric rings around this. The saucer edge is missing from old breaks. Gilding survives in all of the recesses created by the raised spiral, ring-and-dot and concentric ring designs. The reverse bears only traces of two D-shaped lugs for the pin bar; no catchplate is visible, but there is a drilled hole blocked with possible iron corrosion where the catchplate would be, perhaps a repair. A number of similar saucer brooches with running spirals are shown in MacGregor and Bolick 1993, pp.42-45. MacGregor and Bolick comment that brooches of this type were produced characteristically as single castings, whose dished forms give rise to their name. Normally, women (and, occasionally, young girls) wore them in pairs at the shoulder or the breast. Tania Dickinson in Dickinson, T. 1991 'Material Culture as Social Expression: The Case of Saxon Saucer Brooches with running Spiral Decoration' Studien zur Sachsenforschung Hildesheim, has concluded that the five spiral running design originated on the Continent and developed from the late 4th to mid 5th centuries. In England the burials are more likely to have taken place between the late 5th and mid 6th centuries. Cf. PAS database record: HAMP-005BE3.

Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch with cast Borre style decoration comprising a concave-sided central lozenge with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double contoured knots. On the reverse there is a perforated pin lug aligned with the outside edge, with curled transverse lug forming catchplate at the opposed edge. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, 252, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, 23, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2010 East Anglian Series Type 1.

NMS-73A5D2: BROOCH
Middle Saxon cast copper alloy Ansate brooch, sub-triangular terminals with engraved lines bordering both sides and a central ring-and-dot. D-sectioned bow miscast with the underside of the bow infilled and unfettled. Reverse with twin perforated lugs (one broken) with iron corrosion, pin missing, flat-sectioned catch-plate, most of curled-over end missing. Length 42mm. Width 14mm. Weighs 6.30g. See Hübener Gruppe 4 (1972, Abb. 8, nos.1-7) and Thörle's Gruppe III A. c.560/70-c.630/40. This brooch appears to belong to Thörle's Group III, which would correspond with Weetch's type III. If so, it is only the second to be found in England, the first being from Pocklington (Weetch 2014, no. 1154). The Pocklington brooch differs in its proportions and decoration.

NMS-8915C2: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, either small long or cruciform. Head-plate decorated with a triangular arrangement of three double ring-and-dots, damaged narrow rectangular wings and integral half-round knobs with traces of three vertical inner lines and broad groove, upper knob missing. There is a rectangular panel and triangular facets at both ends of the shallow D-sectioned bow, the lower one broken where the foot is missing, remains of transverse lines on both. The bow is pitted by corrosion with the remains of four longitudinal median lines. On the reverse of the head-plate are stumps of two widely spaced lugs both broken across the perforation. Head-plate height 15mm. Width 11.5mm. Width including wings 18mm. Width including surviving knops 32mm. Total surviving length 36mm. Weighs 7.53g. Late 5th-early 6th century.

Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy brooch in worn condition, probably a Cruciform, the bow only, both breaks ancient. The cross-section is plano-convex, i.e. a very thin D-shape, narrowing slightly away from the top. A triplet of median grooves run between a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and the base, the former decorated with three transverse grooves, the latter with two sets of three. Length 29.5mm. Width 11.5 - 13mm. Thicklness 3.1mm. c.480 - c.530.

NMS-03E7B0: BROOCH
Rectangular copper alloy plate brooch of Continental origin and of the Middle to Late Saxon periods with, on the reverse, a transverse pin lug and a very short catchplate, now bent. The pin is missing and a crack runs from the edge towards the centre. At each corner there is a small, flat, grooved, trfoil lobe and in the centre of the front face an elongated hollow-backed boss. No exact parallel has been noted but a number of closely related enamelled examples have been noted (Eggenstein 2008, 287-8 and Bos 2007/8, 790, 2.9.3.1-3. 25 x 16.5mm. 9th - 10th century. Area no. 1 on annotated map in file.

NMS-09D2A5: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Åberg 1926 Group I, Mortimer 1990 type A, Hills and Lucy 2013 type 1. Some surface detail has been lost to wear and scuffing. The top knob is fully-round and waisted, and the detachable side knobs are missing. The headplate is very narrow, consisting mainly of a panel flanked by very narrow wings. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and the base of the flattened D-sectioned bow. A pair of transverse grooves and two side notches decorated both. The long, narrow footplate begins with side notches and continues with a chamfer along both sides. The half-round moulding amounts to two transverse ribs. The elongated aninal-head terminal ends in wide nostrils. On the reverse a single pin lug is filled with decayed iron and the inner part of the catchplate is blocked by corrosion. Length 65.5mm. Width of bow 10.4mm. No. 1 on annotated map in file.

Late Saxon convex disc brooch. The front is extremely worn and corroded, but some curvilinear decoration is visible, probably knot work of Terslev Type VII motif. Hollow reverse with single pin lug aligned with the outside edge and a catchplate, both containing corroded remains of the iron pin. Diameter 25-6mm. 2mm thick. Weighs 6.10 g. See Kershaw 2013, 77, figs. 3.38-9. 10th century.

KENT-83EA51: BROOCH
A copper-alloy fragment of a Saxon square headed brooch, 6th century. Length 22.2mm, width 17.8mm, diameter 4.5mm and weight of 5.7g.

Early medieval lead alloy cruciform brooch knop, 18mm long, 19mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in good condition and weighs 5.39grams. The object is sub rectangular in form with a rounded outer edge and a flat edge opposite this which has a rectangular sectioned fixing prong emerging from it. The object has a hollow underside and is missing one of its egdes. It is decorated with a stylised animal head which has a prominent brow ridge, nose and eye socket formed of a raised line. It has round eyes set inside the sockets and two round 'nostrils' set either side of a small indentation in the centre of the rounded edge. To one side of the head a bird emerges with a narrow curved head and raised circular eye. Its pointed beak curves inwards and joins the main head near its 'brows'. The other side of the head has a slight scar showing that a mirror image of the bird was once present.

NARC-AD64A6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating to the 6th century. The brooch has a rectangular headplate divided into three smaller rectangular panels. At teh centre of the three sides of the brooch is a flat slightly rounded knop wth a raised collar. These knops are concave at the reverse. The bow is arched. The brooch is broken at 10mm, meaning that approximately 50% of the bow and the catchplate are missing. A vertical attachement to hold a hinged pin is fixed onto the centre of the reverse of the central plate.

NCL-D64D02: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy small long brooch of 6th century date. The brooch is incomplete, with the incomplete head and only a portion of the upper bow remaining. The bow was probably carinated with notched corners. The head had a square central plate, with integrally cast side and top plates. The lower edge of the sideplates seemed to have merged with the central plate, but only the base of the sideplates remain, and their shape is uncertain. The top of the sideplates, however, were notched, as is visible on one of the sidplates of this brooch. The base of the topplate remains as well. It can be speculated that they were fan-shaped, based on the pattern of breakage, but this is only speculation. Three very faint stamped circles can be seen on the larger fragment of remaining sideplate. The underside of the head bears an incomplete single lug that would have taken the hinge pin.

A copper alloy side knop from an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The knop is half-rounded, convex and has a ribbed collar below. The base has a slot in which is a fragment of copper alloy headplate.

An Anglo-Saxon copper alloy Small Long Brooch. The brooch has a flat square headplate decorated with three semi-circular wings. The head-plate is decorated with an incised perimeter and a row of punched chevrons down either side. The bow is arched, faceted and decorated with a groove down the centre. The perimeter of the bow is decorated with a row of inward pointing punched cherons. The panel below the bow tapers and is broken just before it flares into a triangular foot. The foot is also decorated with a perimeter of punched chevrons. There is iron corrosion on the reverse covering the pin lug. The catchplate is intact.

LIN-159D75: BROOCH
A fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch. Only part of the foot remains which is in the form of an abstract animal-head. The head has three vertical transverse ribs at the top and two large pellet-eyes below. The eyes are set against a recessed circular background. At the break below there are two vertical grooves.

LIN-161D73: BROOCH
Bow from an Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The bow is rectangular in plan, arched and faceted at each corner. The bow is broken at the top and bottom.

WMID-053753: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy fragment from a Great Square Headed Brooch, of Early Medieval dating (AD 500 to AD 570). The artefact consists of the top right corner of a square mount, with a sub square head above it. Within the square section, the decoration suggests feet or feathers, but the original design is hard to identify. The head has almond shaped eyes, with sub circular pupils within them. An ear or hair is represented by a sub crescentic knop to the left, below the eyes The nose is raised and circular in shape. A horizontal slit is present beneath the nose, and a recessed crescent shape is present to either side of the nose. The style of decoration is consistent with that of Style 1. It measures 23.51 mm in length, 19.03 mm wide and 4.30 mm thick. It weighs 5.4 g. The artefact is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Comment from Helen Geake (PAS NFA for Post Roman Artefacts): I'm fairly sure that it is the top corner bit of a great square-headed brooch. There are a few with human masks around the rectangular headplate which at the corners are joined by struts or projections, like on yours. The book (J. Hines 1997, A New Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Great Square-Headed Brooches) has five that are comparable - pl. 3a (Berinsfield, Group I), pl. 14a (Paglesham) and 14b (Linton Heath), both Group IIIs, pl. 87b (unprovenanced, Group XXIV), and pl. 89a (Wasperton, Group XXV). The dates for these are probably all something like 500-570 AD.

SUR-31F688: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy early medieval disc brooch, abraded, with broken edges. The brooch is decorated with five small ring and dot stamps. On the back is a hinge, with the remains of an iron spring, and the remains of a catchplate.

NLM-58E945: BROOCH
Copper alloy cruciform brooch. Cast foot and lower bow from a cruciform brooch, comprising a broad horse head terminal with paired scrolls at its nostrils and protruberant round eyes, surmounted by a plain collar with a folded catch plate bearing iron staining from the pin (lost) behind it, and the lower part of a curved bow with stops at its base; further indistinct moulded decoration occurs above the stops. Suggested date: Early Anglo-Saxon, 500-600. Length: 54.3mm, Width: 16.3mm, Thickness (clear of catch plate, at foot): 4.5mm, Weight: 11.63gms.

NMS-7216F0: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, detachable side knobs and lower foot plate missing. The latter break is old break but there is some recent scuffing on the edges, especially of the headplate. The waisted top knob is fully round but polyhedral, with two grooves below the waist. A lateral excrescence or blob is perhaps more likely to be a casting flaw rather than part of another object attached by heat. A panel on the very narrow headplate is flanked by a pair of vertical grooves. The flattened D-sectioned bow widens slightly towards its mid-point before narrowing to the base. It has an ill-defined median arris and there is a rectangular panel forming facets at its top and base. There are two pairs of transverse grooves and two side notches on both. The footplate begins with a single transverse groove above two side notches. Below a triplet of transverse grooves it tapers with side chamfers to the break. On the reverse the pin lug is entirely obscured by a mass of iron, the remains of the spring mechanism. The incomplete catchplate runs the full length of the extant part of the footplate, and is accompanied by a moulded channel on the reverse of the latter. This suggests a fully enclosed catchplate that would have extended to the end of the footplate. Length more than 73.5mm. Width of headplate 12.5mm. Åberg 1926 Group I. c.450 - c.480.

Fragment of Early Saxon gilt copper alloy Florid cruciform brooch, the centre of the headplate and the upper half of the bow only, with an incomplete single pin lug on the reverse. All breaks are old. On the headplate a square framed panel contains a Style I animal and a motif of concentric square grooves in an incomplete panel on the bow. Length 43.5mm. Width more than 26.5mm. Width of bow 21mm. Leeds' Group V (i) (Leeds and Pocock 1971, 19-20). Cf. an example from Folkingham, Lincolnshire (LIN-1CE356). c.540 - c.570.

NMS-837B31: BROOCH
Pentagonal fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Saucer brooch in abraded condition, the central part with a ring-and-dot surrounded by five spirals. All the edges are ancient breaks. Whether these were deliberately formed for some secondary use is uncertain. Width more than 13mm. Thickness 2mm. In a Norfolk context this type of saucer brooch belongs to the late 5th century, although production and use continued in parts of England until the early 7th (MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 42).

Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch probably of Leeds' (!945) trefoil-headed type, the battered headplate with only one small length of original edge extant, on the top of the top arm or foil. Little remains of the other arms. None of the edges appear to have broken in antiquity, and parts of the surface have been lost through lamination. The top edge of the extant arm is bifid (cf. ibid. fig.5 d). There is a panel formed by three (possibly one four) lines of punched crescents and dots, and there is an arc of similar stamps on the arm. There is an incomplete single pin lug with rion staining on the reverse. More than 23.5 x more than 26.5mm. Early 6th century.

NMS-A984C5: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform of Åberg's (1926) Group I, the side-knobs, part of one side and all of the other side of the headplate, the base of the bow and all of the footplate missing. The top knob is fully round and waisted. A vertical line of annulet stamped impressions is just discernible along the side of the headplate. There is a rectangular panel at the top of the D-sectioned bow. On the reverse there is an incomplete single pin lug and iron staining across the full width. No break is recent. More than 38 x more than 21mm. c.450 - c.500.

NCL-D44923: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy small-long brooch of Anglo-Saxon tradition, dating to the 5th-6th century. The brooch is incomplete, missing part of its foot and its pin. The head is rectangular in shape, with a large ring-and-dot stamp in each corner of the headplate. The bow is carinated with notched corners. The foot consists of a flat panel beneath the bow bearing two pairs of incised lines across its width and a moulded collar that separates the panel from the foot terminal, though the terminal is now missing. A single lug is on the centre of the reverse of the headplate, and a hooked catchplate is found on the underside of the foot panel. The object is in relatively good condition, with wear and corrosion found along the outer edges and on the peak of the bow.

NMS-D90967: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch, approximately 40% survives. Cast, flat-sectioned band with ten transverse lines opposite the missing section, flanked by a median line of multiple half-annulet stamps and chamfered edges. Both ends with ancient breaks. Width varying from 6mm to 8mm. Diam. c.47mm. 2.5mm thick. Early 6th century.

NMS-EE3DC2: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, headplate with rectangular central panel, edges discoloured where the detachable side knobs are missing. Half round top knob with broad groove and terminal knop. Recent break at springing of missing bow. Single pin-lug on reverse largely obscured by the corroded remains of the iron spring and bar. Surviving length 42mm. Width of headplate 37mm. 6th century.

NMS-EEB113: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy saucer brooch, angular rim (height of rim 4.5mm), part of running spiral motif. Diam. 40mm. See MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 43, no.2.5. c. 430-550.

NCL-5630F7: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy fragment from an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating c. 450-600. Only the bow remains, and it has been distorted in shape by damage. The bow itself is shallowly carinated with a pair of moulded bands across its upper and lower base. One end of the bow has an abraded break in one corner, suggesting this may have been damage sustained when the bow was still part of the brooch. The remainder of that end of the bow has been cut/hacked, with a relatively clean, if abraded, edge. The opposite end of the brooch appears to have been torn away rather than cut cleanly.

A cast copper-alloy great square-headed brooch of Anglo-Saxon tradition, c. 450-600. The brooch is incomplete, missing much of its head and pin, the lower half of the bow and the foot. The head is missing its outer frame, but retains the central panel and a middle frame/border, decorated in chip-carved geometric patterning. The central panel is square, delineated by a broad shallow groove containing a raised line in its centre around three sides. A border separated the central panel from the middle frame, with a prominent triangle at the top of the border, pointing toward the bow. The middle frame has basket-hatching, and another border separates the middle panel from the presumed outer panel. Too little remains of the outer panel to be certain of the decorative motif, but it may have held style I animals or more geometric design. The reverse of the head has two incomplete lugs for the missing hinge pin. The bow has raised outer edged and a central ridge. An unusual feature is a stud that has been added to the peak of the bow, with a very worn discoidal head covering most of the width of the bow, and its shank running through the bow to its underside. It is uncertain if this stud was a primary feature or secondary addition to the brooch. Head diameter = 13.98; stud height = 8.09. Uneven gilding is visible across the surface of the brooch, except for the stud on the bow.

NMS-6E6202: BROOCH
About two-thirds of a late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch, with cast Borre style decoration comprising concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. In rather worn condition. In the reverse there are stumps of the transverse pin lug near the edge. Diameter 28.5mm. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28-9, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2013, 60-1, fig. 3.19, East Anglian Series Type II.

NMS-7E6EB8: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 trefoil-headed class, all of the top foil, most of one side foil, the lower end of the bow and all of the footplate missing. The breaks are mot ancient. There is a broad and slightly wavy diagonal groove on the headplate, the result of ancient damage, and nearby are numrous scratched lines. The bow is of plano-convex cross-section. At its top there is a rectangular panel forming facets, with a transverse grooves and lateral notches. Both edges of the bow and the edges of the extant foil are decorated with short transverse engraved lines. On the reverse the single pin lug is partly buried by the remains of the iron spring. Length more than 27.5mm. Width (estimated) 30mm. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-AB19B2: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform or possibly a Small-long. The headplate and the lower footplate missing. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and base of the hollow-backed bow. Both panels are decorated with a pair of transverse grooves and a line of punched dots. The bow is decorated with a median pair of fine grooves and a row of part-annulet stamped impressions down both edges. The upper end of the footplate is plain. Another pair of transverse grooves and a line of punched dots mark the start of side chamfers which are interrupted by a break. The stump of part of the catchplate remains on the reverse. Both breaks are not recent, and there is some modern scuffing to edges and surfaces. Length more than 39mm. Width (at mid-point of bow) 13mm. c.450 - c.530.

NMS-D439A3: BROOCH
Fragment of late early-medieval copper alloy trefoil brooch, one arm only without pin lug or catchplate on the reverse. The front is decorated with a stylised plant motif within a frame. None of the central part with its triangular field is present. Maixner 2005, 33, Taf. 35, Typ G1.3 Gruppe 1a. c.870 - c.950. More than 16mm x more than 13mm. Thickness 1.5mm.

NMS-253CD3: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Small-long. All original edges have been lost from the headplate, with most of the breaks being recent. The D-sectioned bow begins with a rectangular panel forming facets and tapers down to an old break. On the reverse a single pin lug is partly covered by the remains of the spring. Length more than 27.5mm. Width 25mm. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-659C66: BROOCH
Early-Saxon copper alloy fully round knob from the headplate of a Cruciform brooch, with D-sectioned projecting tab with four transverse engraved grooves, and two grooves before and beyond a deep waist. Three groups of lines radiate from the median hole at the terminal, those on both sides with three lines and two lines on the face. The pin bar is missing. Length 24mm. Diam. 12mm. Mid to late 5th century.

Incomplete Early Saxon Cruciform brooch, detachable side knobs missing. Damaged fully round top knob, much of surface missing, small headplate broken on one side. D-sectioned bow with rectangular panel at top, broken where lower part and foot missing. Single pin lug on reverse largely obscured by corroded iron spring. Surviving length 37mm. Surviving width of headplate 8.5mm. Åberg 1926 Group I. 450-500 AD.

NMS-A85923: BROOCH
Fragment of an unusual Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, upper part missing, ancient break across junction with foot of bow comprising a rectangular panel with twin engraved lines, footplate with rectangular panel with three transverse lines above a concave-sided inverted T forming the lappets with chamfered sides and bordering double-triangular stamps and with a lower horizontal line of punched dots. Grooved convex moulding at juction with the animal-head terminal with prominent eyes and divided nostrils. Broken of catch-plate on reverse. Surviving length 40mm. Surviving width 26mm. See related forms of brooch from Gooderstone (NHER 34355) NMS-ED02C6, Hillington (NHER 35913) and Holywell Row, Mildenhall, Suffolk (Lethbridge 1931, 34, Plate IID and Leeds 1945, 42-3, fig.26d). Late 5th-6th century.

NMS-A938E7: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, upper and lower parts missing, broken across bow with surviving rectangular panel with engraved line forming facets. Rectangular panel with twin engraved lines at the upper end of a broken chamfered sided footplate with the remains of the catchplate on the reverse. Distorted by fire, granular breaks. Surviving length 34mm. Width 16mm. Late 5th-6th century.

NMS-A982F2: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, base of bow and all of footplate missing, break not recent. Leeds' (1945, 14-8) Cross potent type. On each arm of the headplate a row of V-within-a-V stamped impressions is bordered by an engraved line. The bow, D-sectioned and in part slightly hollow-backed, begins with a rectangular panel forming facets below which is a median moulded groove. On the reverse a single pin lug is partly covered in stains from the iron spring. Length more than 41mm. Width 34mm. End of 5th century.

NMS-A98EE6: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, upper part missing, ancient break above a ribbed convex moulding at the animal-head terminal with divided brow, prominent eyes and nostrils. Fragment of catchplate on reverse. The terminal is bent and distorted by fire. Surviving length 39mm. Width 10mm. Late 5th-6th century.

NMS-B8C544: BROOCH
Early Saxon copper alloy detachable side knob from a Cruciform brooch, partly molten, half-round with broad transverse groove between engraved lines, longitudinal groove on outer part. The inner part of the knob is missing and appears to have either broken along a casting fault or be miscast. There is a longitudinal perforation for missing pin bar, partly open, on the reverse. Length 16mm. Width 12mm. 5th-6th century.

NMS-B95B08: BROOCH
Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy openwork disc brooch of Weetch type 15.B, with four sub-triangular apertures disclosing an equal-armed cross within a circle. On the front there is a drilled or punched dot in the centre and an engraved line follows the perimeter. Both these features are probably compass drawn. On the reverse a transverse pin lug, with small 'ears' at both upper corners, retains remains of the iron pin loop. The catchplate is triangular, i.e. it tapers with straight edges towards its curled over point. Diameter 27.5mm. Thickness (without fittings on reverse) 1.5-2mm. Similar brooches have been found in Norfolk at Bracon Ash (HER 56990, NMS-131EE7), Burnham Market (HER 41977), North Creake (HER 29428), Gaywood, King's Lynn (HER 5544, context 3), Strumpshaw (HER 35019, NMS-E23130) and Tattersett (HER 31825). 9th century.

NMS-BA0051: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch. Flat-sectioned band with half-annulet stamps bordering the inside edge. Both ends with ancient breaks. Width varying from 10.5mm to 9mm. Diam. c.50mm. 1mm thick. Early 6th century.

SUR-D46AE4: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Early Medieval disc brooch decorated with a central ring and dot pattern and an external circular bordering groove. Approximately one third is missing. The spring housing on the back retains corrosion from an iron pin and spring. The catchplate is also missing.

SUR-E91A53: BROOCH
An early medieval cast copper alloy small-long brooch, very pitted and with no decoration visible. The bow width is 10.87mm. The brooch has a tapering foot plate. The projecting pin attachment is rectangular and is pierced for a probable iron pin.

SUR-E92387: BROOCH
An early medieval copper alloy small-long brooch, worn and pitted and with no decoration visible. The bow width is 10.98mm and the foot plate is missing.

NMS-3AEDB8: BROOCH
Fragment of an unusual Early-Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch with shield-shaped terminal, sides with concave narrowing towards transverse break at what should be the springing of the bow, although there is no hint of the beginning of an arch. There is a transversely-set rectangular pin bar on the reverse, pin missing. Decoration consists of a chip-carved counter-relief curvilinear sub-S-shaped figure within a bordering line that continues along the bow. Width of terminal 10.5mm. Surviving length 18mm. 2mm thick. No parallel, perhaps related to Hübener 1972, Gruppe 1, Thörle 2001 Gruppe I A 2. c. 600-720.

SWYOR-3D3383: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Anglo Saxon brooch of cruciform or small long form, dating from AD 400 - 600. Only the bow remains, the upper and lower portions of the brooch have broken away in antiquity and are missing. The missing head and foot makes this brooch difficult to classify further. The bow has a curved profile and cross-section with a slightly concave reverse. The front surface is decorated with incised lines - one thick band flanked by a thin line on either side runs longitudinally down the centre, with two narrow transverse grooves above and below this. The brooch has a dark green patina on the exterior surface and is light green-brown on the interior. For a similar example see SWYOR-254FE8.

NMS-A1C350: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch, convex hollow-backed front plate with openwork zoomorphic decoration of an interlaced convoluted Jellinge-style dragon with gripping claws and elongated tongue, almost identical to examples from Attleborough (HER 36681) and Hindringham (HER 25071, NMS-E324E1), three copper alloy rivets secure the base-plate with twin integral pin lugs containing fragment of copper alloy wire and catch-plate on reverse, small dent in outer edge. Diameter 32mm. 5mm thick. See a brooch from a 10th-century context in Dublin illustrated in Graham-Campbell (1980) Viking Artefacts 233, no.200, and Kershaw (2010), 161-4, cat.no.482, Scandinavian brooch type matching Jansson Type I A1 (Jansson 1984b).

NMS-A41963: BROOCH
Late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch, bent and in very abraded condition, with cast Borre style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse there is the stump of a single perforated pin lug aligned with the outside edge and a transverse catchplate. Diameter 29.5mm. 1.5mm thick. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, 252, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, 23, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2010 East Anglian Series Type I.

NMS-A4B7B3: BROOCH
Fragment of probable late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch, purplish metal in very abraded condition, with fragment of cast Borre style decoration originally comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse there is the stump of a single perforated pin lug aligned with the outside edge, with corroded fragments of the missing iron pin. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, 252, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, 23, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2010 East Anglian Series Type 1. Surviving dimensions 15mm x 12mm. 1.5mm thick.

LIN-CEEFF7: BROOCH
An incomplete Anglo-Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch dating from the 5th or 6th century. The object consists of the lower part of the rectangular bow with an integrally cast catchplate on the reverse. The lower part of the bow is zoomorphic in form, resembling a the stylised head of a beast. It is triangular in cross section with two moulded eyes and moulded nostrils at the terminal, with two pairs of incised lines (chevrons) in between. Above this the bow becomes half-circular in cross section, decorated with transverse incised lines. The upper part of this section is slightly arched, and the remainder of the brooch and the pin has broken away and been lost. The catchplate projects from the reverse of the brooch and is roughly rectangular in shape, the outermost edge having been bent over to house the pin. The brooch has a smooth, stable mid-brown patina, with some chips and losses to the upper and lower surfaces which may have occurred after burial. There is also a deep groove on the reverse running parallel to the catchplate, which appears to be a casting fault. There are several complete examples of similar brooches on this database, for example SYOR-029546. UPDATE (21.11.2013) The upper half of this brooch was discovered on a subsequent search made on the 28th July 2013 (the lower half was found on the 16th December 2012). The headplate is rectangular and has a border of paired lines. The upper knop is fully rounded and cast integral to the headplate. The side knops are missing. A single lug is located on the reverse, which is covered with iron corrosion. The bow is arched, faceted and decorated with a pair of lines down the centre.

LIN-D16A97: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo Saxon, cruciform brooch dating from the 6th century. Cast and made form copper alloy, only the foot of the brooch remains and has a zoomorphic design with prominent circular eyes. The nostrils are circular and there is slight flaring towards the bottome of the foot.

Fragment of Early Saxon Cruciform brooch, the lower part of the footplate only with the scar of the catchplate on the reverse. The ancient break truncates the half-round moulding which survives as two transverse ribs. Two engraved chevrons represent eyebrows above the protruding eyes and there is a single chevron below. The two further chevrons and a single oblique line mark the muzzle above an almost circular terminal in the centre of which is a small blind hole or dot. Length more than 37mm. Width 11.5mm. Late 5th - early 6th century. Finder's number A26.

SUR-505777: BROOCH
A largely complete 5th or 6th century copper alloy small long brooch with right and left expanded arms partly missing. There is a band of annulets on the edge of the upper arm and traces of a similar band on the right hand edge. The top corners of the central plate each have an annulet. The pin is missing and the hinge is partly broken.

BERK-636C52: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Ansate style brooch, possibly an asymmetrical variant form possibly of continental production dated to the later early Medieval period c. AD 700 -900 / 8th or 9th century AD. The brooch is remarkably well preserved being irregular in plan and bowed in profile; the cross section varies along the length. The head of the brooch is a rectangular shape with a small rectangular aperture on the mid point of the upper edge (5.3mm x 1.2mm). The reverse has two D shaped pierced projections which would have held the axis bar / spring / pin in place. The axis bar is present being formed from a length of copper alloy wire (1.6mm diameter); the spring, pin are lost. Below the head of the brooch the curved bow descends - this has a high arc and is D shaped in cross section. The base of the bow extends to a lozenge (diamond) shaped foot. The reverse face of the foot has a large and robust integrally cast catchplate which has been rolled over to form a U shaped pin rest. The brooch is decorated with a combination of different styles; some of which are cast - others incised. Both the head and foot of the brooch are decorated with similar designs comprising simple external incised borders with a diagonal / rope like pattern. The bow of the brooch is decorated with a cast design consisting of two opposing cast animal masks conjoined at the mid point. These masks consist of triangular pointed ears, large oval projecting eyes (bug-eyed) a wedge shaped nose and mouth formed by transverse ribs. The brooch is generally mid green in colour, with a well preserved surface patina that is slightly milky in places. There is no active corrosion present and the brooch has not been abraded in the soil. The brooch measures 55.1mm in length,17.9mm in width and 20.1mm thick. The headplate measures 18.1mm in width, 13.1mm length and is 7.5mm thick. The pin lug projects 4.4mm behind the back of the brooch. The central bow is 9.6mm wide and 6.7mm thick. The foot measures 18.6mm in length, 18.0mm width and 10.4mm thick. The catch plate projects 7.4mm from the back of the brooch. The brooch weighs 16.94 grams. Ansate brooches are found on the Continent in contexts dating from the 7th to the 10th centuries AD, but in England they appear to be confined to the 8th and 9th centuries. About 160 ansate brooches have been recorded on the PAS database, most from Lincolnshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. The brooch has been analysed by Pieta Greeves at Birmingham Museum Trust using X-rays and XRF. This has produced the following results: The XRF anaysis showed that the brooch is formed of an alloy of Copper (Cu), Tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) with no sign of zinc (Zn). The x-rays show little detail as their is lead in the alloy which gives such a poor image. Images of the brooch were sent to the following specialists Rosie Weetch, Kevin Leahy, Justine Bayley and Barry Ager: They comment: Kevin Leahy I agree with Rosie, fitting does look like the sort of thing we see on Ansate brooches but I was unable to find anything that looked like this find in Hubener's 1972 study but things move on. The problem is that so few of our sources show the fittings on the backs of these brooches; a lesson to us all. Rosie Weetch: What a curious brooch, not quite like anything I have seen before! Following on from Justine's and Kevin's comments, the pin-fitting can help us here. It is not quite right for a small long brooch (those tend to have a single pin-lug, although there some double-lugged examples this also seems to be the case for asymmetrical Frankish brooches), however it is what you would expect to see on an ansate brooch (double 'H-shaped' pin lug). I also think the moulding on the bow of the brooch is best paralleled within the corpus of ansate brooches on the Continent, a number of which that have similar cast bulging 'eyes' and transverse ribs. Further the length and width of the bow seem more similar to ansate brooches - earlier bow brooches tend to have shorter fatter bows. The main issue with this is that ansate brooches normally have symmetrical terminals and obviously this one does not, and the perforation is a bit strange (but I presume this is a later modification?). I think I remember seeing a number of asymmetrical ansate brooches in Thörle's catalogue So it is tricky: some features seem ansate-y others not. My hunch, pending further probing into Thörle's book, is that this is an asymmetrical variant of an ansate brooch (based on the form of moulding on the bow). Justine Bayley commented on the metallurgy: A thought - metal analysis might help with the date as an early Saxon object would most likely be a quaternary alloy (Cu/Sn/Zn/Pb) while bronzes (Cu/Sn±Pb) are more usual in Middle Saxon and insular metalwork and brass (Cu/Zn) or at least zinc-rich alloys only become common from about the 9th century onwards. But note this data reflects the position in the British Isles so if it is from elsewhere the same patterns may not apply. Note also that there are always exceptions to all general trends, but if you've got nothing else to go on it might at least point you in the right direction. Notes: This record was originally created by Mr Michael Byard from a rally description by Anni Byard. The artefact was subsequently brought to Peter Reavill for further detailed recording. Thanks are extended to all those above for commenting and anaylsing the brooch

DUR-4B3BC2: BROOCH
A copper-alloy disc brooch dating to the early medieval period. The brooch consists of a flat circular plate which is undecorated on the reverse although there is some evidence for the catchplate. The front of the brooch displays a cast design with a sunken central roundel surrounded by a raised lonzenge shape and a loose interlace design around the outside of the lozenge. This brooch displays Borre style interlace design. Kerhsaw (2010) suggests that brooches of this type are of an East Anglian series due to the fact that they are commonly found in East Anglia. This brooch is Anglo-Saxon in manufacture but the design is of Scandinavian artistic descent and in East Anglia brooches of this type are attributed to the 10th century. A similar example can be seen on the PAS database: NMS-9535A5 and in Kerhsaw (2010: 318) figure 12.

BERK-5E03B7: BROOCH
A copper alloy early-medieval Anglo-Saxon equal-armed brooch fragment, circa 6th Century AD. It has a triple ring and dot decoration on the front and the remains of a possible catchplate on the reverse. Only the rounded head of one terminal survives, the rest is missing.

An early Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch. Only the headplate survives. The headplate appears to have been rectangular, flat and decorated with a perimeter of two incised lines. At the top is an integrally cast knop. The knop is faceted. On the back of the headplate is an incomplete pin lug.

LIN-D9B392: BROOCH
Fragment of the headplate from an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy cruciform or small long brooch. The headplate is now lozenge shaped, through all sides are incomplete. No decoration is visible, thought the surface is very worn and pitted. The upper part of the bow is present. A single, incomplete lug is visible on the reverse, with iron staining surrounding it.

WAW-8FB987: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Early Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch. The brooch is circular and has a angular rim forming a lip around the edge, of which a small fragment is missing. The brooch is decorated with a high-relief design which consists of a central boss around which there is a swastika of four stylised two-toed legs. The swastika motif is within a double-stranded annulet. Within the field between the annulet and the rim the design is known as an 'egg and tongue' motif which consists of short radial bars alternating with a sub-'n' shape. This outer face is almost completely covered with gilding. It appears to have worn off the edges of the rim and the most high-relief elements of the design. The reverse of the brooch has two integral perforated lugs which are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the edge. The lugs are incomplete, are positioned 7mm apart and have traces of iron corrosion on them and between them. Near the opposite edge of the brooch there is a circular perforation which appears to be intentional rather than due to damage or corrosion. Around this perforation the surface of the brooch is slightly discoloured and the patina that covers the majority of the reverse of the brooch does not cover this area. The surface is a matte mottled green/grey surface whereas the rest of the brooch has a shiny mottled mid to dark green patina. Between one of the integral lugs and the perforation there is a subtle ridge which then possibly curves around the perforation. It is not certain whether a catchplate was soldered on or there was an integral catchplate which is since missing, neither of which is completely convincing, but a missing integral catchplate is likely. The brooch measures 35.94mm long, 33.63mm wide and 7.99mm thick. It weighs 11.6g. The brooch is a saucer type brooch. Dickinson (Dickinson, T. 1993 'Early Saxon Saucer Brooches: A Preliminary Overview' Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 6 p. 11-44) comments that the swastika or two-toed legs is a Style I device and this is regularly matched with the 'egg and tongue' motif and illustrates similar brooches, Figure 24 also from Oxfordshire. This brooch has a more typical style 'egg and tongue' motif whereas the recorded example is perhaps debased. Dr. Helen Geake describes the recorded example as being 'a variant on the egg and tongue motif (i.e. a rounded element set between short transverse ridges). It's just that your rounded elements have bites taken out of their inner edges. If the 'bite' had bitten through completely, to split the rounded element into two, it would have ended up as radial bars, so perhaps yours is a kind of missing link between the two' (pers comm.). In England these type of brooches tend to be found in burials and date to between the late 5th and 6th centuries. These type of brooches, which are found in female graves, are considered to have played a role in symbolising status, and the design of the brooch may represent an allegiance to a common tradition (Dickinson; 39). Timeline Originals are selling an almost similar brooch, with a similar perforation on eBay at the moment. Apparently this brooch is published in Mills, N. Saxon and Viking Artefacts.

NMS-A0B312: BROOCH
Early Saxon Small-long brooch, roughly square headplate with two round apertures near the top corners and notches on the lower edge. There are two flanking slightly lop-sided drilled perforations in the headplate which are filled with iron corrosion and concreted soil. There is possible crescentic stamp near the upper right-hand aperture. Faceted bow and faceted panel on the foot which is perforated at the terminal. Single pin lug within corrosion and catch-plate retaining corroded scrap of iron pin on reverse. Iron-staining overall. Leeds 1945 cross pattee derivative. Length 51mm. Width 20.5mm. c. 480-530 AD.

NMS-08BA48: BROOCH
Incomplete Cruciform brooch, facetted bow with ancient break, head-plate missing, with rectangular panel forming facets at both ends. Twin ring-and-dots on transverse rectangular panel on foot, twin ring-and-dots on vertical panel with chamfered sides, animal-head terminal with projecting eyes and V-shaped projection onto circular snout. A probably miscast catchplate on reverse, with only the upper end slightly open. Surviving length 69mm. Width of bow 12.5mm. Late 5th-early 6th century.

SWYOR-1ED855: BROOCH
An incomplete cast lead alloy object, possibly a fragment of a brooch dating from the early Early Medieval period (AD 400 - 600). The brooch is possibly a small square-headed type, but this identification is uncertain due to the fragmentary nature of the object. The fragment is roughly rectangular in plan with two original edges at a right angle, forming the outer edge of the object, and two broken edges. It is slightly bent and distorted, this was probably caused when it was broken. The front face of the object has relief decoration consisting of three equally spaced lines running perpendicular to the edge of the object. Surrounded by these lines is a small rectangular cell containing four raised lead alloy pellets. There are a number of irregular scratches on the reverse surface of the object. The object has a medium grey patina. See similar examples in the Ashmolean Catalogue, MacGregor and Bolick (1993), pages 122 - 123, cat nos. 14.4-14.9. As the object is made of lead alloy, rather than copper alloy, and the decoration appears to be cast rather than chip-carved or incised, this is not a standard example of this type of brooch. Small square-headed brooches are also almost always gilded, and there is no trace of gilt on this example. Other lead alloy brooches have been interpreted as grave goods rather than dress accessories, but it could also be a less expensive version of a standard brooch. With no evidence of a pin, this fragment could also be from a mount or other object.

NMS-2FD538: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch in abraded condition, all of the headplate and the terminal of the footplate missing. In the centre of the slightly hollow-backed bow there is a square boss and at the top and base a rectangular panel forming facets. Both are decorated with a pair of transverse grooves and on the lower one a transverse line of punched dot-in-half-annulet impressions is visible. The footplate begins with a large moulded ring-and-dot flanked in its lower half by side-chamfers, an arrangement that can be seen on brooches from Ixworth and Mildenhall, Suffolk (West 1998, figs. 100.7 and 116.10. The half-round moulding consists of two transverse ribs. The animal-head terminal is truncated just below the protruding eyes. On the reverse the catchplate survives as a stump. All breaks are ancient. Extant length 58.5mm. Width at top of bow 16.5mm. Late 5th - early 6th century.

Incomplete early Anglo-Saxon copper alloy brooch in the form of a swastika, an almost square plate with a rectangular hand-cut rebate close to each corner and on the reverse a single pin lug and catchplate, both incomplete. One corner is missing. The front is decorated with two concentric compass-drawn engraved circles within which are four punched ring-and-dots around a central larger ring and deeper dot. A line of four more ring-and-dots follows each of the sides. Two strap fittings or mounts, both dated to the 5th - 7th centuries, are of similar shape (Wanborough, Surrey, SUR-887881 and Shouldham, Norfolk (HER 35988, NMS152). A pair of brooches from Alfriston, Sussex, Grave 28, are the closest parallels (Griffith and Salzmann 1914, 56, figs. 9 and 9a, pl. 11). They are probably of 5th-century Continental origin (Hines 1997, 250, fig. 107 d). 32 x 30mm. Thickness of plate 1mm. 5th century.

NMS-47BA48: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy ansate brooch, with missing catchplate and single transverse pin lug partly obscured by the remains of the iron pin loop. A strong median arris along the full length is interrupted by five transverse ribs, one at both terminals, in the centre of the bow and one at the junctions of both arms and the bow. The site of the catchplate is smooth and covered by a pad of silvery solder. The original catchplate was probably integral and was replaced by a soldered and later lost substitute. Thörle 2001 Gruppe X C. Length 36mm. Width 5mm. 9th century.

NMS-6FB276: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch: headplate with a notch near each outer angle on the upper and lower edges, trapezoidal central panel bordered by double C-shaped stamps, half-round top knob, separate side knobs missing. A rectangular panel, with a concove notch on both sides, forms facets at both ends of the D-sectioned bow with median groove. The foot has a notched panel and a grooved panel separated by twin transverse lines and an half-round moulding with transverse grooves and incised lines above a granular recent break where the animal-head terminal is missing. A single pin lug retains the corroded iron spring (pin missing) and a broken catch-plate on the reverse. Surviving length 90mm. Width 35mm. Late 5th-early 6th century.

SUR-AF50E7: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy early medieval disc brooch of 5th or 6th century date. The edges are very worn and both the spring and pin, originally of iron, are missing. The brooch is decorated with a worn random mass of punched annulets.

NMS-B55EC6: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch depicting a backward-turning beast, in very worn condition and with more than half of the edge missing. Set within a circle of pellets, the quadruped turns to regard its upturned tail, through which a small hole has been worn. Very little detail is visible on the surface of the animal. On the reverse the single pin lug lies parallel with the edge as does the stump of the catchplate. Diameter 26mm. The type is characteristic of East Anglia (Wilson 1964, 36-7, 177-8, cat. no. 84; Smedley and Owles 1965; Hinton 1974, 19-20, cat. no. 12; West 1998, 322; Mainman and Rogers 2000, 2571-2, nos. 10428-30). 10th century.

NMS-C33794: BROOCH
Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, either a small long or cruciform brooch. Rectangular head-plate with a row of > shaped stamps along each long edge, narrow rectangular wings, integral slightly hollow-backed half-round knops with double concave mouldings, the upper knop broken near the join with the head-plate, the terminal of one side knop missing.Triangular facets at the springing of the shallow D-sectioned bow. Faint transverse lines on surviving part of foot-plate before transverse break across incomplete catch-plate and foot. Double-pierced lugs on reverse of head-plate between which is corroded iron. No iron corrosion on surviving part of catch-plate from (missing) pin. Head-plate height 13mm. Width 13mm. Width including wings 21mm. Width including surviving knops 35mm. Total surviving length 47mm. Late 5th - 6th century.

NMS-B5E2B3: BROOCH
Incomplete side knob from an Early Saxon copper alloy florid cruciform brooch, cast sub-rectangular Style I mask with large eyebrows, (very corroded) eyes, nose and prominent moustache, line of S-shaped stamps bordering broken inside edge, integral longitudinal tube on reverse for the pin bar. Surviving length 19mm. Surviving width 22mm. Weighs 4.16g. Cf. similar example from Roudham (NMS-5D0970), Leeds and Pocock's (1971) Group V. c.500-c.540.

WMID-73E745: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The head of the brooch and most of the bow survive. The pin, catchplate and the rest of the bow is missing due to old breaks. The brooch has a rectangular headplate with slightly raised central panel and slightly flatter rectangular wings. Integrally cast sub-triangular knobs extend from three sides of the headplate. The knobs are all very worn. A steeply curved bow extends from the fourth edge of the headplate; the bow is triangular in cross-section. On the reverse of the brooch are two stubs, one above the other, which are the remains of a single centrally positioned pierced lug through which the pin bar would have passed. Length: 32.71mm. Width: 28.11mm. Thickness: 9.11mm. Weight: 7.2g. Probably of Martin's type 2, dating to c. 475-550 AD.

NMS-ACEAB3: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, all of the headplate and part of the flap of the catchplate missing, the break at the top of bow not recent but with recent additonal damage. At the top and base of the very short, hollow-backed bow there is a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with two transverse grooves. The footplate begins with a plain rectangular area above a single transverse groove. Below two brief side chamfers the half-round moulding comprises two low transverse ribs, both with a pair of grooves. The animal-head terminal has slightly protruding eyes, a elongated snout, circular nostrils and a crescentic finial. Extant length 64mm (of which the bow takes up only 16.5mm). Width at break 11.5mm. Early 6th century. WG2

NMS-D8E557: BROOCH
Bow of an Early Saxon gilt copper alloy Great square-headed brooch with ancient breaks and minor recent damage at both ends. The reverse is flat and on the front there are three longitudinal ribs, a broad median one and a narrower one along both edges. Gilding is confined to the front. At the top a small part of the headplate remains, with moulded decoration on the front and the lower parts of the stumps of a double pin lug on the reverse. At the lower end, as part of a repair, there is a pair of drilled holes, one of which contains a copper alloy rivet. Length 31.5mm. Width at mid-point of the bow 16.8mm. c.530 - c.570. FLO12

YORYM-DA14B6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy brooch of Early-medieval date. Only a small portion now survives though it is likely to be from a square-headed brooch. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan with a D-shaped section and the worn remains of two lugs projecting from the reverse. The decoration is chip carved Style I consisting of zoomorphic elements, in the form of a forward facing beast head, with large areas of gilding remaining on the front surface. The metal has a mid green patina and survives in good condition despite heavy wear around the edges. The brooch fragment is 18.3mm long, 15.4mm wide, 4.2mm thick and weighs 5.1g.

NMS-DBA5E8: BROOCH
Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch of Weetch type 18.Ai, bearing a cross-pattee motif. The angles between the arms are demarcated by four low curving or C-shaped ribs. In all five resultant shallow cells there are traces of dull pale brown material, probably decayed enamel. On the reverse both the single pin lug and the catchplate are set parallel to the edge. The loop of the iron pin remains engaged with the former. Diameter 20mm. Thickness excluding pin fixings 1mm. This piece may be compared with Eggenstein et al. 2008, plates 62.9, 62.13-16 and 62.17. An example from Burg Elmendorf in Germany was dated to the 9th or 10th century (Ahrens 1978, 556, Kat. Nr. 43), while an 8th-century date has been claimed for some grave-finds in the Rhineland (Everson 1977b, 9, fig. 4i). In Friesland such brooches are given a broad date of the 8th to 10th centuries (Bos 2007/8, 712, figs. 4b and 4c). See also brooches from Hasketon and Wattisfield, Suffolk (West 1998, 102, figs. 47.18 and 133.2) Market Weston, Suffolk, found in 1991 (polaroid photograph held by Norfolk Historic Environment Service) and Hertfordshire (ESS-5E37A1). Norfolk parallels include examples from Banham (HER 24836, NMS-ED9EF1), Bracon Ash (HER 50372), Castle Acre (HER 20726), Catfield (HER 40862, NMS-360030), Cringleford (HER 31627), Felthorpe (HER 31649), Hilgay (HER 13903), Little Cressingham (HER 12770, Atkin 1978), Postwick and Witton (HER 13603), Shropham (HER 17722), Thetford (HER 5756, Goodall, A.R. in Rogerson and Dallas 1984, 68, fig. 109 no. 7), Thetford( HER 24849), Weeting with Broomhill (HER 50541) and unprovenanced (HER 23688). 8th to 10th century.

NMS-3ECDB6: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Saxon lead disc brooch, approximately half survives. Counter-relief decoration comprises the remains of a central boss within triple-lines forming three of a possible five arms. Slightly squashed catch-plate on reverse. Diameter 32mm. 2mm thick. 10th century. Probably a Weetch type 4.

A terminal from the foot of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch (probably), dating c. 475-600. Of the brooch, only a large terminal from the foot remains, bearing the nostrils and spatulate muzzle shape of the horse-head foot. A small conical hole can be found in the centre of each nosril. The reverse is undecorated. There has been damage to some of the outer edges of the terminal which are very worn, whereas the break above the terminal is less abraded. The identification of this object as the terminal of a cruciform brooch is only probable. The object is thin relative to its size and in comparison with other brooches. However, the terminal definitely forms the muzzle/snout of a horsehead that is most frequently encountered in cruciform brooches. It does remain possible that this is part of a large, flat mount rather than a brooch.

A bow and portion of the headplate of an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, c. 475-600. The bow is carinated with notched corners, tapering slightly from head to foot. The bow has broken from the foot just above the notched corners. A sub-triangular-shaped portion of the headplate remains attached to the upper bow, and there may be evidence of stepping at the base of the headplate where it joins the bow, suggesting wings. On the reverse of the headplate is a single lug of sub-triangular shape. Corrosion and wear obscure the perforation for the pin

A portion of the headplate of an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, c. 475-600. The headplate has a trapezoidal panel, tapering only slightly from the base of the bow to the outer head of the panel, with five stamped crescents visible along the undamaged edge of the panel. The base of one wing remain, with a complete break where the wing and panel meet on the opposite side. The top of the panel has a cast-integral conical knob with a collar, all half-round in section. The bottom of the panel indicates a step up to the bow, which had notched corners. On the reverse centre of the headplate, a single semi-circular lug remains, with evidence of iron corrosion from the now missing pin.

NCL-44C887: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy small-long brooch of Anglo-Saxon manufacture, c. 450-600. Only a portion of the head of the brooch survives, including the majority of a sub-rectangular panel and the integral knob emerging from the centre of the top edge. The knob has a hemispherical terminal with a moulded collar, and is 'half-round' in section. The knob is cast integral. On the centre of the reverse is a single lug, obscurbed by iron corrosion from the hinged pin. No evidence for side knobs or the bow remains, the head having broken away from these aspects.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, upper part missing, ancient break above a ribbed convex moulding at the animal-head terminal with prominent eyes and divided scrolling nostrils. There is a slight vertical moulding representing the missing catch-plate on the reverse immediately below the break and above a deep oval hollow, with a smaller circular hollow behind each nostril. Surviving length 50mm. Width (across nostrils) 22.5mm. Late 5th-6th century.

NMS-7D56F3: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon headplate of Great square-headed brooch of Leeds 1949 Group B1 and Hines 1997 Group XVI. Headplate distorted, probably caused by fire. Parts of surface covered by carbon deposits. Headplate frame with flat transverse ribs defining headplate second panel, one upper corner and one lower corner on right-hand side, the headplate second panel appears to be sub-divided with one of originally two square framed with central recess, possibly for a missing setting. Slight stump of one part of a double pin lug at the broken lower edge on the reverse. Length >46mm. Width >32mm. 3mm thick. Mid 6th century.

Incomplete footplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy small-long brooch. Below the perhaps quite recent break the half-round moulding comprises four transverse ribs, each with a median groove. The triangular terminal with a line of half-annulet punched impressions along the base and the slightly concave sides. Extant length 30mm. Width 21.5mm. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-97D731: BROOCH
Slightly less than one half of a late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch, with cast Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double contoured knots. There are stumps of a transverse pin lug (parallel to the edge of the brooch) near the edge on the reverse. The break is jagged and not ancient. Diameter 32mm A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28-9, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw's (2013, 60-1, fig. 3.19) East Anglian Series Type I.

SUR-A93BB1: BROOCH
An early medieval copper alloy ansate brooch which is D-shaped in section and has a prominent arched bow. The brooch has three equally-spaced transverse ribs. On the back is a double lug for a missing iron pin.

NMS-D34873: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Ansate brooch of the Middle Saxon to Late Saxon period, part of the bow and all of one terminal missing. The whole object was made up from five decorated square panels with small lobes at the corners, one panel on each arm and three on the bow. Slightly more than three are extant. On the arm a saltire is set within a frame and there are five notches in the end edge, and on the reverse there is a short (4mm) and low (5mm) catchplate. The bow consists of two panels of six and seven longitudinal grooves flanking a panel containing a cross patee. Extant length 33mm. Length (estimated) 50mm. Width 14mm. Thörle 2001, Gruppe XI B 2 (Typ Donk). Hübener 1972, Gruppe 10. 9th century.

NMS-FE3167: BROOCH
Late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch, with cast Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. The front is rather worn, and a small piece of the edge is missing. The whole is distorted and cracked. On the reverse the stumps of a transverse pin lug and a catchplate both lie near the edge. Diameter 27mm. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28-9, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw's (2013, 60-1, fig. 3.19) East Anglian Series Type I.

NMS-FF4194: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, the headplate missing, with an old break at the top of the bow, which is sub-triangular sectioned, i.e. flat-backed and with a median arris on the front, and ends in a rectangular panel formong facets at the top and the base. On the upper part of the footplate a pair of side notches is followed by side chamfers. The jalf-round mouldeing is nothing nore than two transverse ribs. The animal-head terminal has a swollen brow, a median arris and concave edges. It is decorated with a wavy line on eother side of the arris. There is a catchplate on the reverse. Bow width 9.4mm. Extant length 57mm. Second half 5th century.

SUR-FF9815: BROOCH
An early medieval (early Saxon) gilded copper alloy saucer brooch. The hinge and part of the catchplate are missing as is part of the outer edge. The sides are shallow. The decoration comprises a double strand five-point star with a ring and pellet at its centre. The star sits at the centre of a double strand circular frame outside which is an outer circle of zigzags. The brooch falls within Tania Dickinson's 'Star or Multipoint motifs with a zigzag C-field' (p22 and fig 28).

NMS-514DF3: BROOCH
Detachable waisted side knob of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch containing part of the iron pin bar in a median perforation.There is a slot for attachment to the head plate in the rectangular-sectioned proximal end. The D- or half-round sectioned outer part has a terminal nipple. The central part of the reverse is open. Length 14.5mm. Width 10mm. Thickness 5.3mm. Late 5th - early 6th century. Finder's no. 6, see annotated map in file.

Detachable waisted side knob of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch with a median perforation.There is a slot for attachment to the head plate in the rectangular-sectioned proximal end. The outer part is D- or half-round sectioned and there is a round opening on its reverse. Length 13.5mm. Width 10.5mm. Thickness 6.5mm. Late 5th - early 6th century. Finder's no. 6, see annotated map in file.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, upper and lower parts missing, broken across flattened D-sectioned bow, hollowed on reverse, with a surviving rectangular panel forming facets at the other end, broken across a scrap of the missing headplate. Surviving length 26mm. Width 18mm. 4mm thick. Late 5th-6th century.

Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds' (1945) trefoil-headed type, all of the footplate missing, an ancient break. On the headplate each foil is separated from the central square a pair of engraved grooves within which was a line of punched half-ring-and-dot stamped impressions. A rectangular panel forms facets at the top and the base of the bow. Both are decorated with two transverse grooves and with a row of the same punched impressions. More of the same follow both edges of the bow, which is deeply hollow at the rear. On the reverse there is a single pin lug. Extant length 38mm. Width 27.5mm. c.480 - c.500.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, part of the footplate broken at both ends, with a damaged catchplate on the reverse. Apart from a very simple half-round moulding consisting of one very broad rib or swelling there is no other decoration. Both breaks are ancient. probably a Small-long. Extant length 23.5mm. Width 6.5mm. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-696FA6: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Great square-headed brooch, part of the bow only, in battered condition, with ancient breaks. The profile is very characteristic of many Great square-heads, with three longitudinal ribs, one along along both sides and a broader central one. Extant length 18mm. Width 18.5mm. Mid 6th century.

NLM-908608: BROOCH
Cast S-shaped zoomorphic brooch of early Anglo-Saxon date, made from copper alloy with a possible white-metal coating. It comprises an S shaped scroll with each end terminating in a long-beaked predatory bird's head. The division of the bills are each marked by a thin moulded line which expands at its end to represent an eye. Faint traces of a border of crescentic stamps of length 1.7mm appear around the outside of the bodies and necks of the creatures. Patches of white metal appear on an otherwise smooth display face and the back, probably as relicts of silver plating. On the back are the aligned stubs of a hinge position and a catch plate, arranged vertically relative to the brooch front motifs. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 400-550. Length: 44.9mm, Width: 24.6mm, Thickness (clear of fastening gear): 1.6mm, Weight: 8.15g.

WMID-922C17: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy gilded great square headed brooch fragment, of Early Medieval dating (c. AD 450 to c. AD 600). Less than 25% of the brooch is present, consisting only of part of the bow and a small amount of the head plate. The rest of the brooch is missing, presumed lost in antiquity. The brooch fragment is sub triangular in plan, and curved in section. The front has been gilded. The front exhibits linear decoration, with two lines to either side of a central circular element. The outside edges exhibit a stamped square repeating design. The reverse is plain and undecorated. It measures 26.27 mm in length, 24.18 mm wide and 4.13 mm thick (at the bow). It weighs 9.7 g. The brooch is a mid green colour, with gilding and an even surface patina. A similar great squared headed brooch was recorded from grave A11, located in the Anglo-Saxon cemeteries at Beckford, Herefordshire & Worcestershire (Evison & Hill, 1996, p 98, fig 11) and considered to date from c. AD 475 to c. AD 550. Reference: Evison, V. & Hill, P. 1996. Two Anglo-Saxon cemeteries at Beckford, Hereford & Worcester. CBA Research Report 103. CBA. York.

NMS-0AE155: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, part of the rectangular headplate, the lower ned of the bow and all of the footplate missing. Damage to the headplate is recent and that across the bow is ancient, as is that to the single pin lug which remains only as a stump. There are four perforations in the headplate, one each corner. At the top of the bow, which has a very gentle concavity on the reverse and a convex front, there is a very narrow panel forming facets. Leeds' (1945, 24, fig. 15 a-b) cross pattee derivative group d(i). Extant length 32.5mm. Width 22.5mm. c.480 - c.520. Finder's no. A1.

BERK-3A9FD8: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) disc brooch dating to the 5th or 6th century AD. The brooch is approximately 3/4 complete, with the damage probably occuring post-deposition. The brooch has a central ring motif and multiple ring and dot motifs located around the circumference near the external edge. Around the periphery are multiple raised dots, punched through from the reverse side of the brooch. Both faces of the brooch retain some silvering. The reverse of the brooch retains the catchplate however the spring and pin is missing. This style of disc brooch is common to the Upper Thames Valley area and similar examples are in collections in the Ashmolean Museum (Bolick & MacGregor 1993). They generally date to around AD 450-550.

NMS-49D414: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy probable small-long brooch, corroded and pitted, head plate missing, D-sectioned bow, rectangular panel at both ends. Chamfered footplate, transverse rib at flat broken terminal, stump of catchplate on the reverse. Surviving length 40mm. Width at bow 8mm. c. 480-530 AD.

NMS-4CA117: BROOCH
Incomplete molten Early Saxon copper alloy long brooch, footplate and catchplate discernable with other elements folded and distorted. Length 44mm. Width 19mm. Weighs 16.14g. c.450-c.550 AD.

NMS-4CBDB6: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch, comprising full-round knob with globular terminal and inner spool-like moulding, small head-plate with remains of bordering line on one side, D-sectioned bow, rectangular panel at one end, the other end broken, foot missing. Surviving length 34mm. Width 8.5mm. c.450-c.475 AD.

NMS-4F2CE2: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon Great Square Headed copper alloy brooch, comprising a damaged headplate and broken bow with burnt adhering remains of the broken bow disc. Surviving length 58.5mm. Width 57mm. John Hines writes (personal communication) 'an unusual, one-off piece. However from the form of the headplate frame and the bow, I'm pretty confident that it compares most closely to the Group XVII brooches ... otherwise, quite a numerous, but also quite a homogeneous group. Those all have single square headplate inner panels -- most of them with a Style I animal in a posture that's pretty similar, although not identical, to what we have mirrored in the two panels here. The nearest possible parallel I could see to that is a Group XVII brooch from Londesborough in East Yorkshire/North Humberside, where the single panel has a head/eye motif in each of the upper corners, as we see here. In sum, I'd see this as either an unusual variant of Group XVII or at least an individualistic brooch related to Group XVII' c.530-c.570 AD.

NLM-CAF663: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch. Cast plate bearing crude Borre-style interlace decoration surrounding a lozenge with a central round hollow of diameter 5.3mm. The hollow might have retained a stone or other feature though no trace of this now remains. The strands of interlace appear to radiate out from the points of the rhomboid to define the figure of an equal armed cross with expanded ends to its arms, though there are further strands or continuations from strands which would probably fall outside this perceived motif. On the back of the plate are the opposed stubs of a hinged pin position and a catch plate. Abraded and lightly bent. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 900-1000. Diameter: 27.8mm, Thickness (clear of fastening gear): 2.2mm, Weight: 7.39gms.

LANCUM-588E66: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy brooch from the early Anglo-Saxon period. The head is cross-shaped, with no decoration on the cross. Three of the cross arms end in small half-round knobs with deep undecorated bases, deep waists and small rounded domed ends. The fourth cross arm is a little wider, and runs down to the start of the bow. This has a short rectangular-section panel at the top but quickly steps down to a sub-triangular cross-section, resulting in small triangular facets near the top of the bow. The front of the bow has a slightly flattened apex. The brooch is broken at the end of the bow. On the reverse of the head is a mass of iron corrosion from a pin bar and spring. The pin does not survive. The length is 48mm, the width is 24mm, thickness 11mm and the weight 6.32g. This brooch is unusual in that cruciform brooches would normally be supposed to have a rectangular, not cross-shaped, headplate; but small-long brooches would normally be supposed to have flat, not half-round, knobs. It is perhaps best characterised as a hybrid between the two types.

ESS-5C3668: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch, dating AD 450-550. Only the head remains, consisting of a central rectangular plate and three knops spaced at 12, 3 and 9 o'clock. There is a trace of the bow projecting from the remaining side, though it is broken close to the plate. There is a trace of a hinge on the reverse with orange-brown iron corrosion staining across the surface, suggesting the pin was made of iron. The pin is no longer present. The object has been so worn that much of the decoration is no longer visible. There is a raised rectangular panel in the centre and punched dots running around the edges of the head. The knops are formed of a thick collar at the plate end, some still have traces of linear engraved decoration. Above the collar is a constriction and then the knop ends in two domed projections, the outer being smaller. The object has a mid-dark patina. Similar objects can be seen in MacGregor and Bollick (1993, 99-100) though with slightly different form to this example. There are further similar examples on the PAS database, cf. NMGW-DD2C4E. All date to the late 5th-early 6th century AD. Dimensions: length: 37.60 mm; width: 57.17 mm; thickness: 11.87 mm; weight: 18.83g.

NMS-73C01B: BROOCH
Detachable copper alloy deeply waisted half-round side knob from an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch with part of the iron pin bar within central perforation. There is a slot across the proximal end to accommodate the edge of the headplate. The waist lies between two pairs of grooves, both with knurling or a row of short transverse engraved grooves in the gap between the grooves. Length, width and thickness 12.3, 11.4 and 9mm. Weight 7.09g. Late 5th century.

Incomplete Anglo-Scandinavian copper alloy Borre-style flat disc brooch, with a small piece of the edge and the upper parts of the catchplate and pin lug missing. Both pin lug and catchplate are set parallel to the edge of the brooch (felt by Kershaw 2013 to be an Anglo-Saxon technique; fig. 2.2) The pin would have been of iron. Diameter 28.4 - 29mm. Weight 8.66g. 10th century. Kershaw 2013, East Anglian Series Type I.

NMS-9B76A8: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, headplate missing. broken at the top of the D-sectioned bow with central swelling, rectangular panel forming facets at the base of the bow with twin engraved lines. Highly stylised animal-head with chamfered sides between two pairs of transverse lines, damaged terminal. On the reverse the damaged catchplate tapers towards an enclosed base. This suggests a Continental origin. Extant length 38mm. Width of bow 7mm. Weighs 3.82g. c.430 - c.450 AD.

NMS-9D1D83: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Saxon / Anglo-Scandinavian flat disc brooch, with a small piece of the edge missing. Unfortunately, the counter-relief decoration is worn and difficult to interpret, but is of Terslev type. Disc brooches with such ornament are normally convex (Kershaw 2013, 65-79). On the reverse the pin lug is aligned with the edge in the Anglo-Saxon way, while the catchplate is at right angles to it, in the Scandinavian manner (ibid. 23, figs. 2.1 and 2.2). The iron pin has been lost. Diameter 26mm. 10th century.

NMS-9F03AA: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 square-head (panelled) type, the lower parts of both sides of the headplate, the lower end of the bow and the footplate missing. The raised panel is decorated with a pair of fine engraved lines along its sides and top edge, while a line of crescentic punched impressions runs along the top edge and sides of the headplate. A rectangular panel forms facets at the top of the hollow-backed bow. On it there are two transverse engraved lines. On the reverse an incomplete single pin lug lies next to traces of an iron spring. All breaks are not recent. Length 41.5mm. Width 31mm. Weight 10.59g. c.480 - c.500.

NMS-9F2D81: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of either Leeds 1945 trefoil-headed or cross potent type. All the edges of the headplate are missing, having suffered recent damage, and all below the upper end of the D-sectioned bow is missing (also a recent break). Near the present upper edge of the headplate there is part of a double horizontal row of crescentic punched impressions. On the reverse the single pin lug sits amongst traces of an iron spring. Extant length and width 33.6 and 25.7mm. Weight 6.98g. c.480 - c.500.

NMS-B07779: BROOCH
Less than half of a Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch of Weetch type 18, bearing a cross-pattee motif and probably once inlaid with champleve enamel. The surface is quite abraded and there is no trace of enamel. The angles between the arms are demarcated by four low curving or C-shaped ribs. On the reverse a single pin lug, with remains of the iron pin loop, lies parallel with the edge. See NMS-DBA5E8 for a list of parallels and references. Diameter 25mm. Weetch dates this type broadly to the 9th century.

NMS-B0AD64: BROOCH
About one quarter of a probable Late Saxon copper alloy flat disc brooch. Decorative detail on the very abraded front face is almost entirely obscure. There are no pin attchments present. Diameter c.30mm. Perhaps 10th century.

Fragment of late early-medieval copper alloy trefoil brooch, one arm only without pin lug or catchplate on the reverse. The face is decorated with a stylised plant motif within a frame. None of the central part with its triangular field is present. Maixner 2005, 33, Taf. 35, Typ G1.3 Gruppe 1a. c.870 - c.950. Extant length 14mm. Extant width 15.5mm. Thickness 1mm. c.850-c.1000 AD.

NMS-1C02FB: BROOCH
Probable Early Saxon circular annular brooch of 7th-century date, missing its pin. Oval-sectioned with the face decorated with four groups of transverse engraved lines (5, 5, 6, 7). Diameter 27mm. Width 3mm. 2mm thick. Weighs 3.56g. Compare SWYOR-F9ECE2 and LIN-935CE8. Alternatively, perhaps a ring from a chatelaine, of similar date.

NMS-31AF51: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch, about one quarter of the frame extant. A row of rather indistinct stamped impressions follows the inner and outer edges on the front face. Two motifs are used. There is a shallow moulded pin notch and deposit of decayed iron is probably the remains of the end of the pin. The cross-section of the frame is a very thin pointed oval. Diameter c.40mm. Width 7.8 - 8mm. Thickness 1mm. c.500 - c.550.

DUR-6EA782: BROOCH
A fragment of copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the early early-medieval period, c. AD 450-550. The head and most of the bow of the brooch are missing with the base of the bow present, curving to meet the foot plate. There are a series of horizontal bands and raised collars across the upper part of the foot of the brooch before it terminates in an animal head terminal. This animal head has two raised pellets which represent the eyes. Below the eyes are comma-shaped nostrils, flat undecorated circles with small oblique extensions running upward and outward. Below is a flat sub-triangular projection. The back of the object is flat and undecorated with the remains of the catchplate present on the reverse of the upper, flat part of the foot. There are similar cruciform footplates listed in MacGregor and Bolick (1993: 106-7).

NMS-80209E: BROOCH
Early Saxon side knob from Cruciform brooch, full-round with broad transverse groove, faceted conical terminal (square-sectioned), with engraved lines forming a triangled on each face. Oval-sectioned (9 x 7mm) inner part with two incised radial lines. A transverse perforation contains a corroded iron pin bar. Groove on inside face to fit against head-plate. Length 14mm. Weighs 3.5g. c. AD 450-475.

BERK-9B6095: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy zoomorphic plate brooch dating to the early medieval / Anglo-Saxon period, c. AD 400-600. The brooch is in the form of a bird facing right with wings folded. The head and front legs of the bird are quite worn, and apart from being tinned or silvered, it has not other decoration. On the reverse of the brooch is the remains of the pin hinge lug and catchplate; there is a mass of iron corrosion from the now absent iron pin. Similar brooches have been recorded on this database including KENT-C0D077, IOW-1F2664 and BUC-0EC715. According to MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 154) bird brooches are not common in Anglo-Saxon England, and even on the continent a more predatory form of bird is generally represented. A brooch in the Ashmolean from Fairford in Gloucestershire (MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 154, no. 22.1) and two from Chessel Down on the Isle of Wight (Arnold 1980, 57) are of similar form and design to this brooch.

BERK-9B8C0D: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy circular 'button' brooch dating to the early medieval / Anglo-Saxon period, c. AD 450-600. The brooch has an everted rim and retains most of the gilding on the upper side. Within the centre of the brooch is a highly stylised anthropomorphic face mask. On the reverse of the brooch is the remains of the catchplate and pin hinge lug.

SWYOR-0082BC: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy, small long brooch of Early Medieval date, about AD 410 - 600. The remaining portion consists of the bow and part of the foot. The bow is decorated with a pair of low, longitudinal ridges in the centre above a flat raised plate acrooss the base of the bow, engraved with a pair of narrow, parallel grooves. The foot is decorated with a pair of narrow, transverse grooves in the centre of the upper foot, which is flat in section, and a raised panel below the catchplate. The panel is decorated with two pairs of transverse grooves. The flat lower foor is broken. A rectangular catch plate remains in place behind the upper foot. The head of the brooch, the pin and part of the foot have broken away and are missing. These breaks are patinated, suggesting that they occured in antiquity. The fragment is 40mm long, 10mm wide and 15.2mm thick. It weighs 7.12gm. Compare: MacGregor and Bolick, Oxford 1993, Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections, page 128, number 15.15.

LIN-1376FB: BROOCH
A possible fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The item comprises an undecorated flat plate with an integral loop on the reverse, perhaps a pin lug. The entire perimeter of the headplate is a break.

An incomplete Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch, dating to the 6th century. The surviving fragment comes from the lower half of the brooch. The brooch is broken at the top at the base of the bow. Below the bow is a much damaged flat panel, and below this are two transverse collars. The brooch has a zoomorphic foot, comprising two large pellets depicting the eyes, and a domed, elongated snout. An incomplete panel extends to the left of the snouth; that to the right is entirely missing. Fragments of a catchplate survive on the reverse. This area also contains iron corrosion, as does the upper part of the fragment on the front. The surface of the brooch has a brown-red coloured product encrusted over much of it, perhaps sand.

NMS-A72A65: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy convex disc brooch, cast. Very worn, although it is possible to trace the outline of a Jellinge-style animal inside a plain border. The body of the animal curls around to form a reversed S-shape. On the reverse are the remains of a double pin-lug and catch-plate, the former containing the corroded remains of an iron pin. Maximum diameter: 23.5mm. Weighs 4.90g. Kershaw (2013) Type I D, with Scandinavian double pin lug and hooked catchplate at right-angles to the brooch edge. 10th century.

YORYM-BEA985: BROOCH
An almost complete copper alloy ansate brooch of Early-Medieval date. The brooch comprises a rectangular piece of metal which is curved to form a bevelled arch at its centre. Transverse bars are present to either end of the brooch as well as at the bend to either end of the arch. A fifth transverse bar, this time doubled in width, is present at the centre of the arch. A double lug hinge mechanism is present on the reverse of one terminal and a curved catch plate remains on the opposite terminal. The pin no longer reminas. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 44.5mm long, 9.1mm wide, 2.8mm thick and weighs 9.2g. Brooches of this type date to the 8th or 9th centuries, and most probably represent an English copy of a Frankish style. A similar example is illustrated in Whitehead, p.380, fig.239, no.1686.

NMS-D32B1E: BROOCH
Fragment of burnt and corroded Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a small-long, faceted bow with flattened median band, possibly grooved, traces of two or three engraved transverse lines on the rectangular panel above the springing of the broken foot. The face of the foot has two vertically aligned engraved ring-and-dots. Stump of broken catchplate on reverse. Extant length 33mm. Extant width 16mm. 6.28g. c. AD 480-550. (2 1/2 hours ploughed fluffy)

NMS-3DC91C: BROOCH
Fragment of the central part of the footplate of an Early Saxon gilt copper alloy Great square-headed brooch, with part of a bar with an empty round bezel and of the inner panels. The bar and bezel can be found in Hines 1997 Group XXII but the surrounding swirling decoration is closer to that of Group XVII. All edges are broken, but not recently. On the reverse there is a median rib. Extant length and width 22.5 and 25.7mm. Thickness 1.2 - 3.3mm. Weight 4.41g.

NMS-4F688D: BROOCH
Distorted fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, a Cruciform or a Small-long. Most of the headplate, with a wide panel, is present, though the top edge and one side are missing. The remaining integral side knob is half-round, hollow-backed, and with a moulded transverse groove before a shallow waist. Of the bow only part of a rectangular panel at its top has survived. It is decorated with a transverse groove and a side notch. On the reverse there is the stump of a single pin lug. All breaks are old. Extant length 21mm. Weight 8.83g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

Fully-round detachable side knob from an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Åberg 1926 Group I. There are two shallow waists and a rectangular tab (decorated with fine transverse engraved lines) that would have fitted against the front of the headplate. Length 18.5mm. Diameter 8.5mm. Weight 5.09g. c.450 - c.480.

NMS-91AB45: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, the lower end of the bow and an incomplete footplate. The bow, of flattened D-section, ends in a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with two transverse grooves and a pair of side notches. The upper part of the footplate is similarly decorated above chamfered sides. The half-round moulding comprises three ribs, the central one with three grooves and the other probably also grooved. The animal-head terminal has protruding eyes but other features have been lost. There is an incomplete catchplate on the reverse. All breaks are ancient. Extant length and width 48.2 and 16.5mm. Weight 22.33g. c.480 - c.500.

YORYM-BB9336: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small-long brooch of Early-medieval date. The head is square in plan with circular recesses in each corner and a border of annulets. From the centre of the lower edge of the head plate a D-sectioned arched bow extends terminating in a worn break. A linear recess is present along the front of the bow. The broken and worn remains of a hinged pin mechanism remain on the centre of the reverse of the head though the pin proper no longer remains. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 28.9mm long, 19.9mm wide, 1.9mm thick and weighs 6.5g.

NMS-BDEDC9: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, parts of the single transverse pin lug and catchplate missing. There are single transverse ribs at both terminals, at both ends of the bow and in the centre. The terminal next to the pin lug narrow and almost pointed. This is the result of casting and not of damage or wear. Hübener 1972, Gruppe 9. Thörle 2001, Gruppe X C. Length 42mm. Width 7.7mm. 9th century. Within 20m of grid reference.

BERK-D0201B: BROOCH
A nearly-complete copper alloy disc brooch of early Anglo-Saxon date. The brooch is in very fine condition, missing only the pin on the reverse. The front of the brooch is decorated Salin's Style II, with an annulet with 'beak' and four bands of interlace. There are three areas with this design, separated by triangular, or 'keystone' cells that are covered with thin silver sheeting. The centre of the brooch has a central pellet around which are two thin circumferential bands joined across their width by four lines, creating four open cell-like features. Around this is a solid circumferential band. The outer edge of the brooch has a raised circumferential band, angain undecorated. The linear and interlace decoration retains traces of gilding. On the reverse of the brooch is the complete hooked catchplate and the lug through which the pin would have been secured. This is now encrusted with iron corrosion, indicating that the pin and possible the rivet were of iron. Compare LEIC-6554A7, which cites further parallels. They have similarities with jewelled disc brooches of the 6th century AD. Therefore it is likely that this brooch is of a similar date, c. 530-570 AD.

NMS-E9A6E6: BROOCH
Very abraded Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch with an incomplete single pin lug aligned with the edge and an incomplete catchplate set at right angles to the edge, a hybrid Anglo-Saxon / Scandinavian arrangement (Kershaw 2013, 23-5, figs. 2.1 and 2.2). Much of the decorative detail has been lost but a central equal-armed cross with a circle of pellets is just visible, as is a peripheral border of pellets, cf. ibid. fig. 2.13e. parts of the edge are missing (ancient damage). A rust patch on the catchplate may derive from an iron pin. Diameter 22.5mm. Thickness (excluding pin fixings) 1.1mm. 10th century.

NMS-A157E1: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy brooch, a Small-long or a Cruciform, central part of headplate, bow and the upper part of the foot only. Most of the original edge of the headplate is missing with only fragments of two drilled perforations which probably divided three foils forming a trefoil or cruciform plate. A panel is defined by three engraved horizontal lines along the top edge and a pair of vertical lines on both sides. At the top of the triangular-sectioned bow a rectangular panel forms facets and is bordered by two transverse grooves. On the reverse the stump of a single pin lug lies within the corroded remains of the spring and there are slight remains of the catchplate. Some ancient and some modern breaks. Extant length 39mm. Extant width 16mm. Weighs 6.53g. c.480 - c.530.

NMS-A1A8EF: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy brooch, a Small-long or a Cruciform, scrap of bow and the upper part of the foot only. Engraved horizontal line at base of bow. Stump of catchplate on reverse. Ancient breaks. Extant length 19mm. Extant width 8mm. Weighs 1.70g. c.480 - c.530.

NMS-A1F3C4: BROOCH
Part of an Early Saxon probably kidney-shaped iron-stained copper alloy buckle frame, rectangular-sectioned, less than half survives with break at the slightly interned outside edge, tapering to stump of narrowed pin bar. The face is decorated with at least eight ring-and-dots. Marzinzik (2003) Type I .8. Length 24mm. Extant width 19mm. 4mm thick. Weight 3.90g. c.480 - c.550.

NMS-E341D4: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, trefoil-headed rectangular panel forming facets at top and bottom of bow, the latter with single engraved line and break where foot missing. tor cross pattee derivative. On the reverse a single pin lug contains corroded remains of the iron spring. The breaks are probably not ancient. Extant length 35mm. Width 29mm. Weight 8.95g. c. AD 480-500.

NMS-F4FEB9: BROOCH
Small fragment of a Late Saxon copper alloy Borre-style disc brooch of the East Anglian series (Kershaw 2013, 56 - 65). A very short part of the original edge is present, and on the reverse a Scandinavian catchplate (ibid. fig. 2.1) survives next to some iron staining from the pin. Extant dimensions 15.7 x 11.6mm. 10th century.

NMS-0B8EEA: BROOCH
Early Saxon copper alloy side knob from a Cruciform brooch, full-round with broad transverse groove, faceted conical terminal (lozenge-sectioned), oval-sectioned (9 x 7mm) inner part with incised radial line. A transverse perforation contains corroded remains of iron pin bar. Groove on inside face to fit against head-plate. Length 11mm. Weighs 4.25g. c. AD 450-475.

NMS-0D9B01: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, part of the bow and one arm with an incomplete, rust stained double pin lug on the reverse. Decoration comprises a transverse rib at both ends of the arm with a pair of punched ring-and-dots between them. Thörle 2001, Gruppe X C; Hübener 1972, Gruppe 9. Extant length 18.5mm. Width 9.6mm. 9th century.

NMS-227BF1: BROOCH
Incomplete small-long brooch, footplate missing. Leeds 1945 cross potent type. Slightly raised panel on the headplate. Remains of a small irregular depression on two (possibly three) arms. Rectangular panel forming facets at top of the hollow-baked bow, the base is missing. On the reverse a single pin lug with the corroded remains of an iron spring. The break across the end of the bow is worn and ancient. Surviving length 31mm. Width 29mm. Weighs 7.24g. c.480-c.530. (Finder's no. PW-CW 330)

NMS-37B2BC: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch depicting a backward-turning beast, with off-centre bend. Set within a circle of twenty eight pellets, the beast, with all four legs three-toed, turns to regard its upturned tail. The eye is marked with one ring-and-dot, and there are three others, one on the chest, one on the rump and one on the inner rear leg. On the reverse there is an iron-stained catchplate set at a right angle to the outside edge and a perforated pin-lug aligned with the outside edge, pin missing. Diam. 27.5mm. 1mm thick. Weighs 5.08g. Backward-turning animal brooches date to the late Saxon period, probably from the early 10th onwards. The type is characteristic of East Anglia (Wilson 1964, 36-7, 177-8, cat. no. 84; Smedley and Owles 1965; Hinton 1974, 19-20, cat. no. 12; West 1998, 322; Mainman and Rogers 2000, 2571-2, nos. 10428-30).

NMS-3931FD: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Saxon copper-alloy bird brooch of Weetch type 30.A, broken across neck, head missing. The bird has a triangular tail with a wide transverse moulding at the junction of tail and body, one triangular wing projecting above the back, the other (comma-shaped) lying along the body, and an aperture between the legs which rest on a 'perch'. The face is moulded rather than flat with engraved lines overall representing feathers. The reverse has stumps of a transverse pin lug at the end of the tail and traces of solder, catchplate missing. Extant length 30mm. Extant height 30mm. 2mm thick. Bird brooches of this type are known from Denmark and England and date from the 11th century (Pedersen 1999). Other examples have been recorded in Norfolk at Costessey (HER 5352), Kenninghall (HER 32862), Postwick (HER 31087), Rocklands (HER 34984), East Rudham (HER 29031), West Rudham (HER 32133), Seething (HER 40302), Stoke Holy Cross (HER 24332), Thetford (HER 33933) and Topcroft (HER 39872). This example most clearly resembles the Kenninghall brooch (Pedersen 1999, fig. 19b). For comparanda on the PAS database, see BERK-CEBC67, BERK-5DED86, NMS-E7F720, SF-BCC403 KENT-9F6987 SUSS-44F203 SF-7B3CA5. Another, rather unconventional, example is at SF-AD5FA7.

Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy saucer brooch in rather battered condition. Most of the upturned rim is missing. Counter-relief decoration comprises five running spirals surrounded by five small sub-triangular mouldings within a circle, and in the centre a dot with a pentagon. The pin attachments have been lost from the reverse, with one scar from the catchplate or pin lug visible. Weight 10.32g. Diameter 28mm. c.450 - c.530.

NMS-A19964: BROOCH
Incomplete and corroded Early Saxon Cruciform brooch. Scrap of missing headplate at top of the bow, which has three engraved vertical median lines and a rectangular panel at both ends, both decorated with a knurled horizontal rib. Below the bow is a rectangular panel with chamfered sides and a half-round moulding with four engraved lines above the animal-head terminal with damaged protruding eyes, median arris and flattened V-shape upper edge of snout with twin bordering engraved lines. On the reverse a broken catchplate extends from the springing of the bow. Extant length 78mm. Extant width 16mm. Weighs 25.44g. c.480-c.530.

NMS-4C043E: BROOCH
Very worn and corroded Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch, with a backward-turning beast in counter-relief within a border with traces of pellets. The beast's tail is upturned. most of the detail has been lost and there is no trace of the number of toes on the four feet. On the reverse the iron-stained broken pin-lug, positioned directly behind the beast's neck, is set parallel to the outer edge of the brooch. The catchplate, set behind the tail, lies at right angles to the edge. The pin is missing. Diameter 21.5mm. Thickness of disc 1.5mm. Weight 2.98g. Backward-turning beast brooches date to the 10th century. The type is highly characteristic of East Anglia.

NMS-5EA064: BROOCH
Incomplete and abraded hollow-backed bow of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform or possibly Small-long brooch. At the upper, wider end there is rectangular panel forming facets. Extant length 30mm. Width 10.7 - 14.5mm. Weight 6.71g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-8AD206: BROOCH
Fragment (approximately a quarter) of an Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch with no visible decoration. Both breaks are recent, and one at the wider end truncates a rust-stained pin hole. Patches of blue on both faces may be vivianite. On one face there are numerous parallel linear marks on the rust, blue patches and verdigris stained corrosion products. The cross-section is elongated pointed oval and both edges are sharp. External diameter c.45mm. Width of frame 6.6 - 8.3mm. Thickness c.1mm. Weight 1.39g. c.500 - c.550.

NMS-9EE3C0: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy brooch, a probably a Cruciform, scrap of bow and upper part of the foot only, rectangular panel forming facets at base of bow. Ancient breaks. Extant length 25mm. Extant width 21mm. Weighs 6.69g. c.480 - c.530.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy brooch, a probably a Cruciform, scrap of bow and upper part of the foot only, rectangular panel forming facets at base of bow and part of transverse rib at springing of foot. Ancient breaks. Extant length 14mm. Extant width 21.5mm. Weighs 3.19g. c.480 - c.530.

KENT-C5C836: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Early Medieval Ansate brooch. The brooch has an arched back with an equally size rounded terminal on either end with a ridge at the extreme end. The arched back of the brooch is decorated with a ridge at the break of slope up to the arch on either side and double ridge in the center. Below one terminal there is an integral pierced double lug which contains a transverse iron pin which would have secured the now missing pin. The lug extends 7.5mm from the reverse of the brooch. Below the other terminal is an integral catch pate extending 3.6mm from the reverse of the brooch. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. The brooch is 35.3mm long, 6.6mm wide, 5.1mm thick and weighs 5.74 grams. Ansate brooches are Frankish in origin and are found on the Continent from the 7th century onwards, but they are not used in England until the 8th century. They were probably in use until the 10th century. A very similar example can be seen in Hattat, p380 ref 1686. A fragment of an almost identical example has been recorded from the same localtion, KENT-C633E0, as well as a very similar example that has been found in the same feild: KENT-918A91.

KENT-C633E0: BROOCH
A fragment of acast copper-alloy Early Medieval Ansate brooch. The fragment consists of hald of the arched back with a rounded terminal to one end. The other half of the brooch has been broken away by an old break. . The arched back of the brooch is decorated with a ridge at the break of slope up to the arch and double ridge in the center. Below one terminal there are the remaind of a broken integral catch pate extending The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. The fragment is 22.9mm long, 6.7mm wide, 3.1mm thick and weighs 2.97 grams. Ansate brooches are Frankish in origin and are found on the Continent from the 7th century onwards, but they are not used in England until the 8th century. They were probably in use until the 10th century. A very similar example can be seen in Hattat, p380 ref 1686. An almost identical example has been recorded from the same localtion, KENT-C5C836. There is also a very similar example has been found in the same feild: KENT-918A91.

NMS-5A6EEE: BROOCH
Separately cast copper alloy fully-round waisted side knob from an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch with remains of an iron spring bar in the median perforation. In very abraded condition. Åberg 1926, Group I. Length 8.2mm. Diameter 8.7mm. Weight 2.03g. c.450 - c.480. Finders' number AA323

DUR-753114: BROOCH
A copper alloy small-long brooch of early medieval date, c. AD 450 to 550. The object has a sub-rectangular head with small circles missing from the corners to create a cross shape. There are incised lines along the straight sides of the rectangular head and no other decoration. The bow arches away from the with a rectangular section then quickly changing to a D-shaped section for 9.35 mm, before changing back to a rectangular section at the base of the curve of the bow. There are three sets of three horizontal lines in this section which covers 7.73 mm afterwhich the front of the foot is faceted for 6.06 mm. The next section has a D-shaped section and is 4.68 mm long. Within the section there are two collars at the top and bottom. The brooch then flattens to form a sub-triangular foot which is undecorated. The brooch is in excellent condition and is complete apart from the pin, the ferrous remains of which are visible on the back of the object.

DUR-C619A7: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the early medieval period, c. AD 400 to 550. The head of the brooch is missing however the bow is present and sub-triangular in cross-section which creates a faceted front to the bow. The brooch then bends at almost 90 degrees to create a P-shape. This vertical section is more rounded than the bow which creates a D-shaped section. From the back of this section extends the catchplate with an incised line marking the different parts of the brooch. Below the catchplate the brooch bends forwards to create a rounded sub-triangular foot. There is no evidence for decoration on the object and the catchplate is quite substantial which is what suggests an early medieval date. There are similar examples illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993: 129-132).

DENO-C68996: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Cruciform Brooch of the Early Medieval period, dating from c. AD 500 - c. AD 600. Around 30% of the brooch remains, consisting of most of the head and bow. The base, foot, catchplate, spring an pin are missing presumed lost in antiquity. The brooch is broadly cruciform in plan and rectangular in section. The head of the brooch consists of three worn and incomplete shovel-shaped wings, one at the top of the head, the other two to either side of the head. The central square plate is decorated with an incised border around the edge and a central incised circle surrounding a central circular perforation with the remains of an iron rivet. The presence of the rivet could suggest that the brooch has been reused as a probable mount. From the base of the square plate the bow extends. The bow is angular, almost C shaped in plan and D shaped in section. It is undecorated aside from two horizontal incised grooves at the top of the bow, where it connects to the head. The bow has been broken at the base. The reverse of the plate there is the remains of two lugs, in the form of vertical, rectangular protrusions, for attachment of the pin. The reverse is undecorated. The brooch measures 34.1 mm in length and is 21.2 mm wide. It has a thickness of 3.1 mm and weighs 7.0 g. The brooch is a mid to dark brown in colour with an uneven patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Other examples can be found in Hattat (2000), page 374, fig 233, ref 1302, and similar examples have been recorded on the database, including: LIN-E0BE97, LEIC-92E6E4 and WMID-AE6D12. Ref: Hattat, R. (2000), A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattat's Ancient Brooches, Oxbow Books.

NMS-D9F9C7: BROOCH
Fragment of a remarkably small Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Åberg 1926 Group I, Mortimer 1990 type A, Hills and Lucy 2013 type 1. The top knob is crude, fully-round and waisted, and the detachable side knobs are missing. The headplate is very narrow (width 4mm, depth 6mm, 4mm thick, iron-stained and broken where pierced for pin bar) and plain. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top of the flattened D-sectioned bow. A transverse groove decorates the panel. There is an old break on the deeply arched bow and the lower part is missing. Extant length 18mm. Width of bow 5.5mm. Weighs 2.04g. c. AD 430-480.

NMS-DA1D15: BROOCH
Part of the footplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy Great square-headed brooch, most of the median bar and less than one half extant, with the terminal lobe, the side lobe, and the lower parts of the inner panel and its frame missing. On the reverse the catchplate survives as a stump. The breaks are old and no trace of gilding remains. Extant length and width 41 and 30.4mm. Weight 16.29g. Hines 1997, Group XVI. Mid 6th century.

NMS-DA6192: BROOCH
Footplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch. A very fresh break cuts across the base of the bow above a transverse groove. Two more grooves at the top of the footplate lies above a short length with chamfered sides. The half-round moulding is no more than a thickening cut by a pair of transverse grooves. The animal-head terminal is elongated, with protruding eyes and a sharp mediam arris. The catchplate is complete. Extant length 33.7mm. Width 9mm. Weight 7.59g. c.450 - c.500.

NMS-DA978D: BROOCH
Headplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch with a quite fresh break above the base of the bow. Leeds 1945, cross potent derivative. On the reverse a double pin lug contains an unusually well preserved iron spring. Extant length 14.1mm. Width 19.3mm. Weight 2.96g. c.480 - c.500.

NMS-DC6A12: BROOCH
Middle to late Anglo-Saxon copper alloy ansate brooch with one round and one oval terminal, an angled bow of D-shaped cross-section. Both terminals are decorated with four punched ring-and-dots. On the reverses there is a catchplate and a single transverse pin lug with iron staining. Weetch type II.Aii, Thörle 2001 Gruppe II A 1b and Hübener 1972 Gruppe 1. Length and width 38.7 and 11.1mm. 8th to 10th century.

NMS-DD1ACE: BROOCH
Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch with moulded decoration comprising four pairs of addorsed D-shaped motifs (two on the bow and one on each terminal) and a median rib which expands in the spaces between the motifs into three lozenges. On the reverse there is a slightly distorted catchplate and a double pin lug with an iron spindle. Length 40.6mm. Width 10.2mm. Weetch type XII.Aiii, Pommeroeul Type; Hübener 1972 Gruppe 10; Thörle 2001 Gruppe XII A 2. Very close to an example from Domburg (ibid. Taf. 56,11). Another brooch, larger but with similar decoration, was found in a context dated c.930/5 - c.975 at Coppergate, York (Mainman and Rogers 2000, 2571, fig. 1266, no. 10426). 9th or 10th century.

SUR-DD6121: BROOCH
An early medieval, 5th to 6th century, circular copper alloy plate brooch with an iron spring and with a central hole infilled with iron. The outer field is decorated with a circle of punched dots and the white metal coating is worn. The brooch has a complete hinge and catchplate.

NMS-EC685C: BROOCH
Fragment of side lobe from an Early Saxon great square headed brooch. Very little original edge surviving, inner panel decorated with engraved lines and ring-and-dot with one ring-and-dot decorated lobe projecting from the edge. The plain side lobe is separated from the engraved inner panel by a curved line. Gilding survives in the engraved lines. Hines (1997) Group XVI or XVII. Circa 525 - 575. Surviving dimensions 17 x 22mm, thickness 1.5mm.

NMS-ECC2FD: BROOCH
Abraded fragment of the edge of a Late Saxon copper alloy openwork disc brooch with a double, H-shaped pin lug and remains of an iron spindle on the reverse. A groove outlining the end of a concave-sided cross arm lies next to part of a round aperture. The pin lug is of Scandinavian form (Kershaw 2013, fig. 2.1). Cf. a complete example from Swaffham, Norfolk (HER 28567, NMS-993175). Diameter c.27mm. Late 9th - 10th century.

NMS-EDBCD6: BROOCH
Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch of Thörle's (2001) Group X C. D-sectioned, with a transverse rib at each end of the head- and foot-plates, at either end of the bow and at the apex of the bow, the sides of each resulting section slightly convex. Broken catch-plate and broken double-pierced pin lugs on the reverse. Pin missing. Length 43mm. Maximum width at centre of bow 9mm. Circa 650 - 800 AD.

LEIC-047BAC: BROOCH
Early medieval copper allooy brooch knop, 22mm long, 11mm wide and 6mm thick with a weight of 3.56grams. The knop is semi-sherical in form and hollow. It has a raised semi-circular collar, with a flat sub rectangular plate emerging from the upper, centre of the collar at a slight angle.

LEIC-049FA2: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, 21mm long, 12mm wide and 7mm thick with a weight of 4.56 grams. The object forms most of the headplate of a brooch consisting of a rectangular plate which has slightly bevelled edges. At one side there is an integral spherical knop with a raised collar, which sits proud of the upper surface of the headplate. The underside of the plate has a semi-circular projection running from underneath the knop, to the far side, in whose centre is an in complete circular suspension hole, designed to take the pin.

SUR-45C7C8: BROOCH
An Early Medieval disc brooch with a white metal coating and decorated with three annulet punches arranged centrally in a triangle. A circular perforation towards the edge of the brooch has been infilled with iron; this may indicate a replacement hinge. The brooch has a worn catchplate.

LEIC-6CC026: BROOCH
Early Anglo-Saxon copper alloy brooch fragment, a knob from a florid cruciform brooch with relief decoration. It is 21mm long, 20mm wide, 4mm thick and weighing 4.28g. The object is triangular, and slightly domed in cross-section. It shows a stylised face with a broad brow band forming a T shape with a flaring nose. Below the brows are two raised eyes enclosed by curving ridges, possibly stylised cheeks. Below the straight base of the nose is an elongated triangle tapering downwards, perhaps a chin or tongue, from each side of which emerges a tapering shape ending in a stylised profile bird with hooked beak and prominent eye. Above the brows, the object tapers sharply to a point, and is decorated with two oval motifs which could be interpreted as another face, looking in the opposite direction. The reverse is flat and plain, except for two transverse semi-circular projections (one now damaged) 3mm high, one above the other; these would have held the pin bar. Fragments of this type, featuring Style I decoration, have been interpreted as brooch knobs; see a similar example at SF-15F0C7. This example is closely parelleled at NLM947 and DENO-DD64A4, both of which also have the pointed top; DENO-DD64A4 also has the second human face. All have been dated to the sixth century.

LIN-A992E4: BROOCH
Headplate from a sixth-century Anglo-Saxon brooch. The headplate is probably from a Smal-Long brooch. The headplate is rectangular and decorated with a perimeter of punched crescents. The bow is short, arched, and broken at the base. The lower part of the brooch is missing. An incomplete integral pin lug is located in the centre of the reverse. This is possibly the missing part to LIN-A9CDE3, found close by.

LIN-A9CDE3: BROOCH
Foot from a sixth-century Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. The foot is broken at the top close to where it would have met the bow. A flat rectangular panel is located below this, and two transverse ribs separate the panel from the triangular foot. A catchplate is located on the reverse. This is possibly the missing part to LIN-A992E4, found close by.

NMS-AB0FBB: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, worn ancient break at base of the bow, the footplate and the separate side knobs are missing. The surfaces are worn and abraded. The integral waisted top knob is half-round. Broad rectangular headplate panel with double C-shaped stamps bordering both sides, narrow wings. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and bottom of the bow. This is hollow-backed and with a flattened grooved median band. Single pin lug within corroded remains of iron pin and bar. Extant length 57mm. Extant width 28mm. Weighs 25.36g. c.480 - c.530.

NMS-B02C1C: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy small-long brooch of uncertain type, part of the headplate with an incomplete single pin lug and rust from a lost iron spring on the reverse. The edge and sides are missing. Parts of two round holes remain near the top just above a horizontal row of doube concentric half annulet stamped impressions. A vertical row of the same can be seen near the present left-hand edge. Extant length and width 17 and 18.2mm. Weight 2.43g. Late 5th - early 6th century. Field SH2

SUR-D4A816: BROOCH
A fragment of a possibly circular, copper alloy, Early Medieval brooch. The brooch has a hinge on the reverse and the edge of a large ring and dot stamp. The precise form of this brooch is not clear.

SWYOR-01F1E8: BROOCH
An incomplete, copper alloy, small-long brooch of early medieval date, about AD 500 - 600. The remaining portion consists of the bow and the foot; the head, the pin lug and pin have all broken away and are missing with a patinated break. The bow is triangular in section and steps down to a rectangular sectioned foot, which itself steps down to an expanded, flared triangular teminal. The bow is decorated with three short, transverse grooves on the vertical face at the base where it joins the foot. The foot is decorated with three transverse grooves near the bow, and a thicker, broad collar, also engraved with transverse grooves at each end. All of these grooves are on the upper side of the brooch alone; none of them continues to the underside. The catch plate remains in place on the underside of the foot, near the bow. The brooch has a smooth, dark brown patina. It is 49.2mm long, 9.3mm wide and 17.5mm thick. it weighs 6.91gm. Compare similar brooches illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick, 1993, Ashmolean Museum, A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections, pages 128 - 129.

NMS-02DC2B: BROOCH
Early Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, recently cracked and bent across one end of the bow. Both arms, in the form of a triple lobed lozenge, are decorated with four punched ring-and-dots, one in the centre and one in each lobe. Ther bow is triangular in cross-section. On the reverse there is a high and narrow catchplate but the pin lug survives only as a transverse stump. Thörle 2001, Gruppe VII B 1b. Length 44.5mm. Width 19.8mm. Weight 10.87g. Field B1

NMS-55D10F: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, an incomplete footplate, broken at both ends (far from recently). The upper break lies above protruding eyes of the animal-head terminal. Some way below the eyes both sides widen. Between the nostrils, which are represented by very large rounded lobes, there is a very low nose-like moulding just above the break. Åberg 1926 Group III or IV. Extant length and width 39 and 30.8mm. Weight 10.80g. c.500 - c.540. Field B1

Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Åberg 1926 Group I, a cast-in-one, fully round, waisted top knob with a very small piece of the headplate. A vertical rib on the reverse is the upper end of the pin lug. The break is quite recent. Diameter 11.5mm. Extant length 16.2mm (of which the knob accounts for 12.3mm). Weight 6.94g. c.450 - c.480. Field WG3

YORYM-7F3010: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy brooch of early-medieval date. All that remains of the brooch is the curved bow fragment with the head and lower bow having been lost to old and worn breaks. Transverse ribbed mouldings are present to the top of the fragment from which a central spine extends. The metal is a mid-green colour and is worn. The brooch fragment is 19.4mm long, 15.2mm wide, 4.1mm thick and weighs 5.3g.

SUR-977F22: BROOCH
The foot of an Early Medieval gilded copper-alloy, square-headed brooch of 5th or 6th century date. The foot bears an image of a modelled human mask (upside down) with browline, eyes, and vertical grooves to represent the hair. The reverse is plain and flat.

NMS-AB5A82: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy ansate brooch, probably Thörle's (2001) Group X A, comprising a bow of triangular profile with slight longitudinal arris, four ring-and-dots at the change of angle at mid-point, remains of multiple longitudinal ribs on the ends of the bow and surviving broken end, the other end of the brooch is missing. On the reverse of the surviving end are the stumps of the twin pin-lugs. Extant length 22mm. Width 9.5mm. Weighs 3.18g. 7th-8th century AD.

NMS-AC0AEE: BROOCH
Early Saxon gilt and white-metal coated copper alloy disc brooch with traces of the iron sping on the reverse. Both the single pin lug and catchplate are incomplete. A low flat-topped boss in the centre is surrounded by a pair of concentric circular ribs and a ring of eleven hooked motifs, forming a simple meander pattern, springs from the outer one. This ring is enclosed by another circle which in turn runs within a flat rim. The central boss and the rim are tinned or silvered and the intervening band is gilt. No close parallel has been noted. Diameter 27.5mm. Thickness (without pin fixings) 1.6mm. Weight 6.78g. 6th century. Field SC

NMS-D48186: BROOCH
Late early-medieval cast copper alloy convex disc brooch, slightly convex with hollow back. Face with Terslev Type I motif (knot work scroll decoration), see Kershaw, 2013, 71, fig.3.28. Disc worn and slightly distorted. Scandinavian-type pin and attachment-loop fittings comprising double pin-lug with corroded iron spindle (pin missing), stump of catch-plate at a right-angle to the outside edge and at the mid-point between the catch-plate and the pin-lugs, the stump of the missing chain-loop, also set at a right-angle. Diameter 27mm. Weight 8.47g. 10th century.

NMS-D5341A: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy ansate brooch of Weetch's Type II.Aii, Thörle 2001 Gruppe II and Hübener 1972, Gruppe 1. The extant oval terminal is decorated with four punched ring-and-dots and file notches around the edge. The narrow and rectangular sectioned bow has six ring-and-dots and has been straightened and lowered by distortion. A perforation in the transverse pin lug is filled with iron. Width of terminal 14mm, of bow 5.5mm. c.720 - c.850 AD.

NMS-D618A9: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon gilt copper alloy Great square-headed brooch, right-hand footplate upper border, outer edge and part of the neck of a probably beaked animal-head with part of an oval, the lower end containing at three pellets which represent the eye of the creature. Insufficient remains to enable identification of the group to which the brooch belonged, but the surviving decoration bears quite a close resemblance to that of an Unprovenanced brooch illustrated in Hines 1997, Pl. 87. Extant width 13mm. Extant length 22mm. Thickness 3mm. Weighs 3.63g. c.520 - c.560.

NMS-17ADF1: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, with the lower end of the bow and all of the footplate missing. The top edge and the sides of the headplate are straight. There are four rounded notches, on the top and base of both sides (there are basal notches). At the top of the hollow-backed bow the lower edge of a rectangular panel forming facets is marked by a transverse groove. The bow tapers to the ancient break. The single pin lug is incomplete. The object does not conform to Leeds' (1945) classification. Extant length 30mm. Width 21.7mm. Weight 6.89g. c.480 - c.530.

DUR-2AAA65: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date (AD 450-600). The retained portion of the brooch is a spatulate zoomorphic stylized horse's head terminal. The terminal comprises small raised knops to represent the eyes of the beast from which the snout expands into flaring nostrils which as inverted comma shaped with circular bases. Extending out from between and either side of the nostrils is the projecting spatulate terminal with broken and worn edges. The reverse in undecorated and retains at its upper end a small linear projection which would have formed the catchplate. The metal is a mid-brown in colour with a pitted green patina.

Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945, square-head (plain) type. The sides and top edge of the undecorated headplate have received recent damage, so that a few small parts are missing. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and the base of the sub-triangular sectioned bow. The sides of the footplate are chamfered for a very short length before the half-round moulding which consists of a D-sectioned boss with four or more very shallow and almost invisible, probably engraved transverse lines. The footplate terminal has been lost (break not ancient). The single pin lug is incomplete. Some decayed iron within the catchplate suggests that the object was lost or buried with the pin in the closed position. Extant length and width 51 and 22.5mm. Weight 11.44g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-7CA264: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Continental bow brooch of the Early Saxon period, the upper end of the bow and the headplate missing, as a result of a quite recent break. The flat D-sectioned bow with a median groove flanked by a pair of engraved lines ends in a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with two transverse grooves above a pair of side notches. The footplate, beginning with a similar arrangement but with the notches above the grooves, then narrows and continues with side chamfers to the half-round moulding which comprises two pairs of transverse grooves separated by a pair of side notches. Below this the sides splay out to the terminal which is curved forwards and is marked by a transverse groove above closely spaced longitudinal grooves along the edge. The corners of the terminal are missing, because of probably ancient damage. On the reverse a long catchplate runs from just below the top of the footplate to a closed end at the top of the splayed terminal. Extant length 53mm. Width of the bow at the break 9.5mm. Weight 12.35g. Mid to late 5th century.

DUR-F58748: BROOCH
An incomplete lead alloy object, probably a brooch, of late Early-Medieval date, 11th century AD. The object is circular and flat with a single integral projecting sub-circular lug situated in the centre of the reverse. The face has a cast decorative pattern consisting of a central rounded boss with four drop-shaped bosses forming a cross around (points of the drop shape towards the centre). Each of the five bosses is surrounded by a low ridge, which also forms the edge of a roughly lozenge-shaped panel of cross-hatched decoration; the four panels of cross-hatching alternate with the drop-shaped bosses. In the spaces close to the edge, between the lozenges and the bosses, are small pellets. The design is enclosed within a double border; a narrow outer beaded ridge and a narrow inner ridge. The metal is a dark grey in colour. The object is likely to be a brooch; it has affinities with Weetch type 4.B brooches, decorated with crosses made up of pointed-oval shapes; these are dated to the 11th century AD. Compare Weetch 2013, nos. 340, 341, 345, 348-350, etc. Weetch no. 348 is recorded on the PAS database as LIN-900B71. The central fixing on the reverse, however, is unusual.

SWYOR-07C7B1: BROOCH
Part of an Early Medieval, copper alloy brooch of the cruciform type, dating from AD 400 - 600. The remaining portion consists of the lower end of the bow and the foot. There are two moulded, transverse ridges at the junction of bow and foot, separated by a wide groove, the upper ridge being broader than the lower. There is an animal-head terminal which has prominent eyes, moulded eyebrows and expanded nostrils with a short, rounded extension between them. The outer edges of the nostrils and the extension are decorated with a single row of small, punched dots forming a border. The underside of the aimal-head moulding is slightly concave. The catch plate remains in place behind the remaining portion of the bow; the remainder of the brooch is missing. The brooch has a grey green patina. It is 48.2mm long, 15.6mm wide and 11mm thick. It weighs 9.45gm. A similar, more complete, example of this brooch is illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick, A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections, Ashmolean Museum 1993, page 101, number 12.16.

LIN-37D1AD: BROOCH
Fragment of a headplate from an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The headplate is rectangular, flat, and has an integral half-rounded collared knop at the top. Corrosion covers the perimeter of the headplate, rendering it impossible to see if there once was decoration. Two lugs extend from the reverse, and iron corrosion is located between and around them. The brooch is broken at the base of the headplate.

DUR-1F8461: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the early medieval period, c. AD 450 to 550. The brooch has a square headplate with three projections which are sub-rectangular however all have irregular edges so the original shape is uncertain. From the fourth side of the headplate the bow extends forwards and downwards before curving back. The bow has a triangular cross section and some unclear decoration and terminates where the bow would have met the footplate which is no longer present. The back of the headplate still retains the hinge mechanism which is covered in ferrous corrosion, probably from the pin. The back of the object is undecorated. The object has a brown pattina with some pitting showing more active green corrosion. Similar, more complete objects are recorded on the PAS database, see for example YORYM-C33D41 and DUR-753114.

WAW-240EC4: BROOCH
Possible Roman (1st to 4th centuries) or Early Medieval (5th to 6th centuries) long brooch: The copper alloy brooch fragment is possible the foot and a short portion of the bow. The foot is a semi-circle in plan, with the apex of the edge forming the lower edge. Integral to the upper edge there is the bow protruding which is narrowed, has slightly convex sides and which flares outwards near the upper edge, forming a sub-lozenge in plan. The upper edge of the corner has another narrowed portion of the bow protruding. This portion of the bow has horizontal striations, possibly been caused by the brooch being bent. The break at this edge is not too recent. The reverse of the artefact is slightly moulded with the semi-circular foot being the narrowest element, the bow above is thicker and is slightly convex. The reverse of the lozenge portion of the bow is slightly concave and curvaceous. The surface of the artefact is slightly abraded and has traces of a well-developed patina. It measures 33.55mm long, 19.97mm wide across the foot, 3.81mm. The weight is 7.80g. The artefact is possibly a type of long brooch of the Roman or Medieval period. The surface condition, and potentially the thickness suggests a Roman date, but the overall shape is very similar to an Early Medieval small-long or cruciform brooch which date to the 5th to 6th centuries.

SWYOR-2F29A6: BROOCH
Part of an Early Medieval, copper alloy brooch of the cruciform type, dating from AD 400 - 600. The remaining portion consists of the lower end of the foot. There are two moulded, transverse ridges across the half-round part at the top of the surviving piece, separated by a wide groove, the upper ridge being broader than the lower. Each ridge is incised with a single, narrow groove. There is an animal-head (horse) terminal below, which has prominent eyes beneath semi-circular eyebrows, a long, moulded ridge for the nose and expanded comma shaped nostrils with a short, flared extension between them. The inner and upper sides of each nostril are moulded and project slightly beyond the edge of the terminal. The flared triangular panal between the nostrils has concave upper sides, decorated with a single row of small, punched crescents forming a border, and a small, pointed knop in the centre of the lower edge. The reverse of the brow ridge of the terminal is concave. A fragment of the catch plate remains in place behind the half round part; the rest of the brooch is missing. The remaining portion has a smooth, dark brown patina. It is 47.3mm long, 20.1mm wide and 5.7mm thick. It weighs 9.82gm. A similar, more complete, example of this type of brooch is illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick, A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections, Ashmolean Museum 1993, page 101, number 12.15.

LEIC-6F7AAB: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch terminal, 41mm long, 14mm wide and 4mm thick with a weight of 10.34grams. The object consists of the lower part of a cruciform brooch and is rectangular in form and cross section. It is decorated on the upper surface with a single horizontal band of 'dashes' which sits below a raised plate with a border formed of semi circular punch marks. Below this is a plain section and then a section formed of seven raised horizontal bands. The lower part tapers in width and forms an animal head. It begins with two incised chevrons sitting above bulging oval eyes. A double line of circular incisions runs down the centre from between the eyes. The reverse of the object has a partial catchplate sitting in the centre of its upper half.

SWYOR-B8B68B: BROOCH
Part of a copper alloy Early Medieval small-long brooch dating from the 6th century. Only the head and upper bow survives, and they are damaged. The head is a flat rectangular plate with damaged and tattered edges, but no evidence of knobs. There is a faint ring and dot motif in the centre. The surviving part of the bow has faint possible punched decoration along the sides. On the reverse are the remains of two semi-circular lugs to hold an axis bar, which is now missing. Dark brown corrosion suggests it may have been iron. The breaks are partially patinated. The brooch is 25.1mm long, 22.8mm wide and 6.6mm thick. 5.65g.

ESS-C64C2C: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval copper alloy Great Square-headed brooch, dating AD 510-550. The foot and part of the bow remain, with the lower two lateral lobes having broken away. There are two lateral lobes still present towards the top of the bow. The object is decorated on one side with a central circular recess towards the broken end. there is a raised edge around the recess and it contains red glass or possibly garnet.Two ridges run down the centre of the bow, through the circular setting, ending just before a foliate design that resembles a quatrefoil. There are two ridges at the foot before a bulbous end. There is also a scrolling decoration on the upper lateral lobes. The object has a mid-light green patination and has been bent just above the foliate decoration. There are no traces of a catchplate, which was likely attached to the section of the brooch which is no longer present. Kevin Leahey has identified this as the foot of a Great Square-headed brooch, with the closest parallel found in Hines (1997, 325, pl. 18b). The example in Hines is said to contain enamel inlay, whereas this example contains glass or garnet. This brooch belongs to Hines' group V, giving it a date of AD 510-550. Dimensions: length: 35.74 mm; width: 18.53 mm; thickness: 3.59 mm; weight: 3.90g. Reference: Hines, J. A New Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Great Square-headed Brooches. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. Identification by Kevin Leahey, National Finds Advisor for Early Medieval Metalwork.

NMS-EACDA1: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Martin 2015, type 1.2.1, all above the lower part of the bow missing (an ancient break). The hollow-backed bow ends in a step down or rectangular panel forming facets. The edges of the catchplate are chamfered increasingly downwards leaving the front as a triangular facet. The collar comprises a single rib. The animal head, which is hollow on the reverse, ends in joined nostrils. The short catch survives only as a stump. Extant length and width 42.7 and 8.9mm. Weight 6.18g. c.450 - c.475.

Early Saxon copper alloy half-round waisted side knob from a Cruciform brooch in abraded condition. The distal end is rounded and there is a slot for the headplate in the proximal end. The iron spring bar is visible on the open reverse. Length, width and thickness 15, 10.5 and 6mm. Weight 3.47. c.480 - c.530.

BERK-9AD7E1: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy saucer brooch dating to the early Anglo-Saxon period. The saucer brooch is missing most of its upturned outer rim, but the central zoomorphic design and central raised stud are retained, as is the catchplate and the remains of the pin lug on the reverse, although the pin is now missing. The relief-cast decoration consists of a circular panel of three animals in Salin's Style I. Each animal comprises an eye, two legs with clawed feet. This design is surrounded by a nicked border ridge and an upturned rim decorated with punched triangles. A cast circular disc-headed stud is riveted through the centre of the brooch, partly obscuring the decoration underneath; on the reverse, the rivet lies flush with the surface of the brooch. Compare BERK-D4C6D2, another example with a separate central rivet.

SUR-EC3547: BROOCH
A tongue-shaped terminal from an Early Medieval copper-alloy possible great square-headed brooch. The fragment suggests the brooch has been torn and broken. At the break is a pair of scrolled side projections. The brooch has a rivet and a separate sheet fitting on the back. On the front are four concentric U-shaped ridges which enclose a central oval ridge at the upper edge of which the rivet is visible. The ridges are randomly decorated with punched decoration.

BERK-139241: BROOCH
A nearly complete cast copper alloy Saucer brooch of Early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date. The brooch retains most of the upturned rim although there is slight plough damage to one edge. Within the centre of the brooch is a field of decoration, consisting of a circular outer field of triangles; those pointing twoards the centre of the brooch have linear scores within them and those facing towards the outside of the brooch are plain. Within this outermost field is a raised rib, again circular in plan, that bounds the innermost circular field of decoration. This can be as devolved zoomorphic and geometric shapes possibly alternating with trapezoidals fields, however the true nature of the design is hard to decipher from the image. The reverse of the brooch retains the catchplate and lug for the pin which has heavy iron concretion adhering to it. This indicates that either the pin was made of iron, which is common on the these brooches (MacGregor and Bolick 1993:42). The pin is now missing. Saucer brooches were common in the Upper Thames Valley and surrounding area during the fifth and sixth centuries AD, although some production may have continued into the early seventh century (Macgregor and Bolick 1993:42). Although no direct comparisons could be found, this is not unusual as these brooches were often made from single castings (ibid.).

SUR-178F24: BROOCH
An Early Medieval copper alloy small long brooch of 6th or 7th century date, with much of the footplate missing. The headplate retains worn traces of punched crescents on the border. The hinge and catchplate survive on the back although the hinge is incomplete.

NMS-17BAF7: BROOCH
Headplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 Cross pattee derivative type in quite fresh condition. There is no decoration. The break and some scuffing is recent. The single pin lug is partly buried in the remains of the iron spring. Extant length 18.8mm. Width 22.5mm. Weight 4.24g. c.480 - c.500.

NMS-2B4F72: BROOCH
Just over half of a copper alloy Ansate brooch. The incomplete bow is of pentagonal cross-section and the ovoid terminal is engraved with an equal-armed cross with a lozenge. The end of a short, high catchplate on the reverse is missing. Of the pin, which would have been made of iron, there is no trace. Estimated length c.38mm. Width 10.5mm (width of bow 3.9mm). Hübener 1972, Gruppe 1. Thörle 2001, Gruppe 2 A. 8th century.

Late early-medieval copper alloy convex disc brooch in very abraded condition. Decoration has almost all been lost, but there very faint indications that it comprised a Borre-style triple animal head and knot motif, i.e. Jansson Type II A (Kershaw 2013, 49 - 55). On the reverse the stump of a catchplate is set at 90 degrees to the edge opposite even more obscure traces of an H-shaped pin lug. Though there is no sign of an attachment loop, this is a Scandinavian arrangement (ibid. fig. 2.1). Diameter 23 - 24mm. Thickness / height (excluding pin fittings) 3.6mm. 10th century.

DENO-A54175: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy possibly early medieval (AD c.500-c.600) possible great square-headed brooch or possible medieval mount (AD c.1100-c.1400). If it is a brooch, it consists of part of the head plate. If it is a mount it is missing more than half its original volume. Overall, the object measures 21.7mm long, 33.6mm wide and 4.7mm thick. It weighs 9.23g. The object is broadly in the shape of a right-angle triangle, but with a irregular hypotenuse edge which appears to have been caused by an old break. The object is mostly flat, but there is a pair of short projecting lugs on the reverse in the centre of the fragment. These may be the very worn stumps of the lugs used to hold the spring in place, if the object is a brooch. The obverse is decorated with three pairs of grooved straight lines converging on the centre of the broken edge. There are also other curving grooves, which may have formed an image but this is no longer decipherable. The execution of the decoration appears medieval rather than early-medieval, but Kevin Leahy (PAS National Finds Advisor) suggests that this might be a locally made and blundered copy of a square headed brooch, like FAKL-BD0AB1.

SOM-D2EB12: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy brooch dating to the period AD 450-550. The brooch is sub-circular in plan. It has an undecorated border around a raised moulded central circle within which is a recessed cross patteé. There is a chip in the border as the result of old damage. The reverse is undecorated and exhibits the remains of a single broken pin lug and catchplate at opposite edges. The pin is missing. There is a dark green patina on the surface. The brooch measures 21.31mm in diameter, 1.85mm in thickness and weighs 2.95g.

NMS-E3F354: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy florid cruciform brooch (Martin Type 4.6.1), comprising two sides of a broken recessed headplate with traces of punched annulets immediately within the bordering outer ridge. One edge has a surviving integral side knob with sub-rectangular Style I mask with large eyebrows, eyes, nose and prominent moustache. Extant length 24mm. Extant width 38mm. 2.5mm thick. Weighs 5.25g. Very closely paralleled by an example from Sibton, Suffolk (West 1998, pp.94, 244, fig.126.3), and another from Linton Heath, Cambridgeshire (Leeds and Pocock (1971) Group V (h). c.525-c.570.

NMS-E650EC: BROOCH
Fully round and waisted copper alloy side knob from an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch with one end of the iron spring bar within a median hole. The cross-section is round at the proximal end, but sub-square beyond the waist. Length 16mm. Diameter 11mm. Width 9mm. c.425 - c.475.

NMS-D1229E: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, with one terminal and more than half of the bow missing (a recent break). The terminal is trilobed and decorated with six longitudinal engraved grooves. The lower part of the distorted bow is plain. Five more grooves on the upper part are truncated by the break. A short catchplate is aligned parallel to the long axis. Thörle 2001, Gruppe XII A 2, Hübener 1972, Gruppe 10. Extant length c.25mm. Width 10 - 13.5mm. 8th century.

ESS-D1E6A7: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy small long brooch, dating AD 450-550. The object has a trefoil head plate and curved bow, which straightens out to form a rectangular foot. There are punched annulets running around the edge of the headplate and a ridge running down the centre of the bow which continues onto the foot. The spring and pin are no longer present, though the attachment on the back of the head and the catchplate on the foot still remain. The object has a mid-light green patina. A similar, though not identical, example is published in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, no. 15.80). There are also several similar examples on the PAS database, cf. DENO-81BAF7, and others published that have squared heads with projecting lobes to form the trefoil. This example is different in that there does not appear to be a square section to the headplate. However, it is likely that they are of a similar date and this example is a variant of the more common type. dimensions: length: 40.61 mm; width: 14.31 mm; thickness: 14.20 mm; weight: 5.04g. Reference: MacGregor, A. and Bolick, E. 1993. A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections (Non-Ferrous Metals). Oxford: Ashmolean Museum.

SWYOR-2642B4: BROOCH
An incomplete, copper alloy, small-long brooch of early medieval date, about AD 500 - 600. The remaining portion consists of the lower bow and the foot; the head, the pin lug and pin have all broken away and are missing with a patinated break. The bow is flat rectangular in section and steps down to a rectangular sectioned foot, which itself steps up to an expanded, flared triangular teminal. The bow is decorated with two short, transverse grooves at the base where it joins the foot. The foot is decorated with two transverse grooves near the bow, a raised transverse bar across the end of the foot, and punched annulets along the sides. The catch plate remains in place but incomplete on the underside of the foot, near the bow. The brooch has a smooth, grey green patina. It is 36.8mm long, 12.2mm wide and 9.3mm thick. 4.5g. Compare similar brooches illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick, 1993, Ashmolean Museum, A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections, pages 128 - 129.

LANCUM-4E5328: BROOCH
An early Medieval long brooch dating to the 450 to 550 AD. The brooch consists of a square plate with 3 semi-circular projections, forming a trefoil shaped head decorated with ring and dot patterns. The reverse of this contains an incomplete semi-circular pin attachment but the iron pin is missing. The bow has a D shaped cross-section curving upwards, forming an arch before returning to a flat alignment where its reverse holds a catchplate. The length is 62mm, the width is 40mm, thickness 15mm and the weight 11.35g. The brooch is similar to fig. 15.74, p.144 in MacGregor, A. and Bolick, E 'a summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections' and parallels on the database with LEIC-DE38A8, LON-F08475 and ESS-D1E6A7. MacGregor, A. and Bolick, E., 1993 A summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections (non-ferrous metals) Oxford : Tempvs Reparatvm, Archaeological and Historical Associates Ltd., 144 , 15.74

DENO-E5C85B: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy probable Small Long brooch of the Early Medieval period, dating from c. AD 500 - c. AD 600. The fragment is broadly triangular in plan. The headplate has sustained some damage, presumably as a result of being within the plough soil, there is no evidence of any protruding knops either side. The plate is broadly trapezoidal in plan and rectangular in section. It has been decorated at the top and sides of the plate with a border of two lines of punched dots. and an inner line of ring-and-dots that have been punched into the surface. The bow is curved, and D shaped in section. It is undecorated and has been broken at the base, presumably in antiquity. The reverse has a semi circular lug protruding from the plate which is probably the remains of the hinge or spring. The brooch measures 25.9 mm in length and is 23.0 mm wide. It has a maximum thickness of 7.4 mm at the lug and is 4.3 mm thick at the bow. It weighs 5.7 g. The brooch is a mid green in colour and has an even patina. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil may have resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail. Other examples of this type of brooch have been recorded on the database, including LIN-A992E4 and SF-3E2309.

NMS-10BA92: BROOCH
Worn fragment of a Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch, with a backward-turning beast in counter-relief within an abraded pelleted border. One third of the edge remains (old break). The rear part of the beast with part of an upturned tail and two legs are present. One is two-toed and the other is obscured by a punched ring-and-dot. Another ring-and-dot decorates the rump. Diameter 26mm. Thickness of disc 0.9mm. Weight 1.68g. Backward-turning beast brooches date to the 10th century. The type is highly characteristic of East Anglia.

DENO-787AE4: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) small long brooch (AD c.500-c.600), missing its bow, its foot, its pin and parts of its top and side knops. Overall, the fragment measures 17.8mm long, 22.1mm wide and 6.3mm thick. It weighs 4.51g. All that survives is the head of the brooch. It is broadly rectangular and flat with rectangular projecting knops or lappets at the top and sides. These are decorated with an outer border of ring-and-dots. On the centre of the reverse is the hinge for the pin. Only the stump of the pin survives (a relatively recent break) and iron corrosion on either side suggests that the hinge bar was made of iron.

DUR-79FEC1: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy brooch of Early-Medieval date (AD 450-750). The retained portion of the brooch is sub-spatulate in plan and flat in section. The edges of the object are irregular and corroded due to old breaks. The face of the object retains a single, circular, raised cell. The reverse of the object retains the majority of the projecting, rectangular lug which forms the catch for the now missing pin. The object is a broken fragment of an ansate brooch The metal is a dark brown in colour with a pitted patina. Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Database: BERK-9E9A67, NLM-C92F17, SF-CB4548 and NMS-2F75FB

DUR-7A0546: BROOCH
A lead brooch of Weetch's type 4.C, dating to the early medieval period, c. AD 900 to 1000. The object was originally circular and flat, but it has been folded and bent, probably through post-depositional processes. The back of the object has the lugs and pin catch which would have formed part of the mechanism. The pin is missing. The front of the object has cast decoration with a central raised pellet with two collars surrounding it. Around the central motif is a double lozenge shape with concave sides. At each point is a small rectangle with a row of pellets within. All of this detail is contained within a series of borders which run parallel to the edge of the brooch. There are similar objects on the PAS database including DUR-F58748 and LEIC-A12430.

DENO-A0BB3A: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy early-medieval cruciform brooch (AD c.500-c.600), missing its head and bow, its catchplate and part of the foot. It consists of only part of the half-round panel, the horse headed terminal and the spatulate extension from the brooch's foot. Overall, the fragment measures 35.9mm long, 15.1mm wide and 4.8mm thick. It weighs 6.49g. The fragment is is in very good condition and most of the details of the decoration are still visible. The half-round panel is decorated with three transverse ridges and two smaller ridges in one of the gaps. The horse's brow is denoted by two pairs of transverse grooves, almost meeting at the centre to form a chevron. The eyes are formed by a pair of projecting pellets and the nostrils by a pair of moulded rounded projections. The reverse is hollow so that at its centre the fragment is C-shaped in cross-section.

NMS-A2776B: BROOCH
Fully round copper alloy side knob of oval cross-section from an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch of Martin 2015, Group 1, with a median hole for the spring bar, a groove around the base, a slot in the base for edge of the headplate, a waist and a small protrusion on the dome (ibid., fig. 5.4). Length 12mm. Width 10.2mm. Thickness 7.9mm. Weight 3.73g. c.420 - c.475.

NMS-B25B1C: BROOCH
Detachable waisted side knob from an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, half-round, with a tab projecting from the inner edge, decorated with two grooves before the waist and one more beyond it. The central part of the reverse is open and with the median hole contains the corroded remains of the iron spring bar. Length 17mm (without tab 13.5mm). Width 11mm. Thickness 6.5mm. Weighs 4.21g. c.480-c.530.

NMS-C8494E: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, probably Martin 2015, Group 2, headplate with an integrally cast D-sectioned top knob, trapezoidal panel and incomplete trapezoidal wings (old breaks). The bow survives as a jagged stump (break not recent). On the reverse a single pin lug with a rust-filled perforation. Extant length and width 32.8 and 32.8. c.475 - c.500. 8 hours of searching on rolled surface.

NMS-CF2CB6: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon gilt copper alloy Saucer brooch with both the centre and the rim missing, the breaks being quite recent. On the reverse there is an intact catchplate. On the heavily gilt front part of a circle of Style 1 decoration lies within a circle of square beading which in turn is encircled by a plain narrow band before the outer break. Extant diameter c.40mm. c.475 - c.550.

NMS-4965FE: BROOCH
Early Saxon footplate of small-long brooch, ancient break above half-round moulding with broad groove between two narrow grooves, damaged crescentic foot with convex lower edge and the concave sides bordered by annulet stamps, one point missing. Extant length 26.5mm. Extant width 26mm. 4.92g. c.480-c.530 AD.

Middle or Late Anglo-Saxon copper alloy ansate brooch with traces of an iron pin loop in a transverse or double pin lug. Decoration comprises a pair of longitudinal grooves and with a third central groove near the terminals, and in the centre of the bow a pair of transverse grooves. Thörle 2001, Gruppe X; Weetch type XII.Aii, East Harling type. Length 32mm. Width 7mm. 9th or 10th century.

BERK-9E9A67: BROOCH
A worn and incomplete cast copper alloy disc brooch of early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date. The brooch has a central circular perforation (now blocked) with four equally spaced ring-and-dot motifs around it, with a small area of tinning retained in the centre of the brooch. The reverse of the brooch retains the single lug for the pin and also the catchplate. The pin is missing; an area of iron corrosion indicates that the hinge rivet and the pin was made of iron. These brooches are well attested in the Upper Thames Valley area, and several with identical designs are illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993:63), including examples from Brightampton, Minster Lovell and Filkins (all Oxon) and Marston St. Lawrence (Northants). These brooches date from c. AD 450-550.

ESS-C685CF: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy small long brooch, dating AD 450-600. Only the head and part of the bow remain. The head is rectangular in shape with part of the curved bow projecting from the centre of one of the longest edges. On the reverse is a loop, now broken, which would have held the spring pin. Traces of the iron spring remain, though much of the pin is missing. There are traces of small triangular stamped designs around the edge of the headplate, forming a serrated border. The object has a mid-dark green patina with orange brown staining on the reverse from the iron pin. There is also a lump on the upper right corner on the front of the head plate. This is likely a result of corrosion, rather than a decorative feature. A brooch with similar decoration is in MacGregor and Bollick (1993, no. 15.17) though due to the condition of this example, it is difficult to draw exact parallels. It is noted in the same volume that small long brooches are found in the 5th century and continue well into the 6th century AD (ibid. pp. 125). Dimensions: length: 19.77 mm; width: 21.46 mm; thickness: 10.65 mm; weight: 5.59g. Reference: MacGregor, A and Bollick, E. 1993. A summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections (Non-ferrous metals). Oxford: BAR 230.

NMS-2E63CC: BROOCH
Detachable waisted side-knob from an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, of half-round cross-section with a protrusion at the apex of the dome and a slot in the base. Martin 2015, Group 2 or 3. Length, width and thickness 13, 10.3 and 6.5mm. Weight 3.76g. c.475 - c.550.

WAW-5B1E48: BROOCH
Late Roman/ Early-Medieval (AD 400-600) penannular brooch of Fowler's Type D7: The frame is oval in plan, and oval in section. The two terminals are narrowed slightly in width, but is stepped upwards in depth. The outer face of the terminal is decorated with a linear groove running the length of the step, with two or three notches either side. The pin is longer than the frame, is wrapped around the frame, and is here flattened, as it extends across the frame is becomes circular in section, and tapers to a sharp point. The surface has an almost complete quality patina which is a light grey-green colour, this patina is on both the frame and pin. The frame measures 38.59mm long, 33.38mm wide, 6.79mm thick at the terminal. The pin measures 43.56mm long, 3.96mm wide and 7.45mm thick. Fowler (1960;53) suggests this type of brooch dates to the 5th century. A similar example is illustrated in Mackreth (2011) Figure 149, No. 11788 and is categorised as Castellated Fowler D7, possibly dating to the 5th to 6th centuries. Another, similar example is illustrated in Hattat (1987), No. 1291 from Burgh Castle, Norfolk. On the PAS database there are also similar examples, WILT-2F92D7 and WILT-C52454. Fowler, E. 1960 'The Origins and Development of the Penannular Brooch in Europe' Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society Volume 26, pp. 149-77. Hattat, R. 1987 Brooches of Antiquity, Oxford: Oxbow Mackreth, D. F. 2011 Brooches in Late Iron Age and Roman Britain Volumes 1 and 2 Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books

LIN-5CCA97: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the period c. AD 500-600. The brooch exhibits a worn break at its upper terminal, followed by two transverse bands, each comprised of a set of three moulded transverse bands. Beneath this is a moulded square with central ring and dot decoration. The wings expand to each side of this square. One terminates in a worn break and the other has a rounded lower edge before terminating in a worn break at its upper edge. The bow then arches steeply outwards before curving back down. Decoration on this arch consists of a central longitudinal moulded line flanked by incised grooves. The lower section of the bow is undecorated aside from a central ring and dot motif. A worn break is present along one side and intersects the ring and dot decoration. The foot is missing. The reverse is undecorated and exhibits longitudinal worn protrusions on both the upper and lower sections of the bow, the upper of which formed the pin attchment and the lower of which formed catchplate. There is a brown patina on the surface. Evidence of possible melting is present on the upper section of the bow where the metal has bubbled and warped. This heat damage is potentially indicative of the brooch being part of a cremation. This brooch was found in association with LIN-5D7DAD. The brooch measures 74mm in length, 33mm in width at the wings, 19mm in width at the bow, 3mm in thickness and weighs 34.99g. A parallel on the database is DENO-C68996, and examples of burned cruciform brooches are also on the database eg. SF-2A0E13. The brooch also exhibits similarities to West, S. (1998) p.307, fig. 148, no. 1.

LIN-5D7DAD: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy Great Square Headed brooch, dating to the period c. AD 525-570. The brooch comprises a worn break at its upper terminal, possibly distorted by heat, and is therefore missing its square head. The bow exhibits three evenly spaced longitudinal moulded ribs, one placed centrally and one placed towards each edge. The lower section of the bow expands into the foot, the upper section of which remains, and the rest is missing due to a worn break. The metal is again distorted through possible exposure to heat. Decoration on the foot consists of a central moulded rib with chip-carved curvilinear decoration to each side. The reverse is undecorated and has the remains of the catchplate on the foot. There is a brown patina on the surface. Due to the potential heat distortion is possible that the brooch has passed through a cremated pyre. This brooch was found in association with LIN-5CCA97. The brooch measures 74mm in length, 48mm in width, 5mm in thickness and weighs 53.67g. The remains of this brooch exhibit similarities to Hines, J. (1997) pl. 83, (b) in that the bow and the decoration on the foot is similar. It also has similarities to FAKL-0F4D67 on the database.

NMS-6E0DD8: BROOCH
Worn and corroded late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch, with cast Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse the catchplate is set at 90 degrees to the edge opposite a perforated pin lug. Though is no sign of an attachment loop this is a Scandinavian arrangement (ibid. fig. 2.1). Diameter 29-30mm. Thickness of disc 1.5mm. Weighs 5.11g. 10th century. Kershaw's (2013, 56-61, fig. 3.19) East Anglian Series Type II.

NMS-D6D258: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon cruciform brooch. Twisted and corroded remains of the hollow-backed bow with groved median arris and rectangular panel at both ends forming facets. Below this is a rectangular panel with opposed notches, twin engraved transverse lines, a panel with chamfered sides and a grooved half-round moulding above an animal-head terminal. The animal-head has twin engraved lines forming a chevron above protruding eyes and is divided by a median arris springing from between the divided nostrils. There is a transverse crack across the muzzle, but otherwise all below the bow is in crisp uncorroded condition. On the reverse is a catchplate, flap missing, which extends from the springing of the bow. Extant length 55mm. Width 13mm. Weighs 10.94g. c.480-c.530.

LEIC-D801D5: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, Length 26mm, width 9mm, thickness 2mm, catchplate 13x5mm, weight 3.16g. The object forms the foot of a cuciform brooch, possible a small long? It has a plain triangular shaped terminal sitting below a flat rectangular bow which is decorated a band of horizontal depressions. Where the brooch has broken it starts to turn outwards forming the base of the curved section. The reverse has a centrally placed incomplete catchplate.

WILT-D9A1BD: BROOCH
A copper alloy small-long Anglo-Saxon brooch dating to the period AD 450-600. The brooch is incomplete, the pin is missing. The headplate is rectangular with a stamped circle placed centrally and surrounded by two incised lines. The bow springs from the centre of the lower edge of the head. The front of the arched bow has a chamferred edge as it leaves the head. The bow straightens to fall vertically where it is in line with the head above. The catchplate lies to the front of this part of the bow. The head is flat and undecorated on the obverse. The bow is D shaped in cross section and rectangular where the catchplate is attached. The pin attachment is in place (a loop with a single hole) and the catchplate is present. The patina of the brooch is dark green and the surface is lightly abraded. It is 44.21mm in length, 20.90mm in width. The head is 17.33mm in height, the bow 28.90mm long. Cf Richard Hattatt, 2007, A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches, Oxbow Books, p 376 figure 235 no 1679

WILT-D9FF1B: BROOCH
A fragment of copper alloy small-long Anglo-Saxon brooch dating to the period AD 450-600. All that remains is the lower part of the arched bow with a foot and complete catchplate. There is evidence of silvering. The section is sub triangular in shape and may have broken at a point where there was a transverse decorative ridge of some kind. Just under the point of the break are two punched circles, each surrounded by an incised line, which are apparently meant to represent eyes, the foot of the brooch engraved to represent nostrils and mouth. Thus the whole is in the form of a zoomorphic head. This section is flat and otherwise undecorated. It is 25.39mm in length, 14.00mm in width. It weighs 4.36grams. Cf Richard Hattatt, 2007, A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches, Oxbow Books, p 376 figure 235 no 677 (see lower part).

Fragment, the lowest part of a bow and an incomplete footplate, of an Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, with non-ancient breaks. At the top of the footplate a pair of edge notches lie above a pair of narrow transverse grooves, below which there is a short length with chamfered sides before broad transverse rib with six narrow grooves. The lowest part is parallel-sided and undecorated. The catplate is incomplete. Extant length and width 28.5 and 8mm. Weight 3.49g. c.480 - c.530. ab068

ESS-1ACFC9: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval gilt copper alloy cloisonné brooch, dating to the 10th-11th century. The object is circular in shape with eight peripheral lugs, two of which are damaged. On the front is a raised circular border, which contains the enamel decoration. The decoration is formed from cells, the design created by placing copper alloy strips within the circular border. On the reverse is an applied catchplate and hinge, with only the upper pin still remaining. These elements have been soldered onto the back of the object. The entire object appears to have been gilded, with traces clearest on the reverse. Within the lugs would have been blue glass spheres, with only one surviving. The enamel decoration consists of two concentric rings in the centre with four triangles radiating around the outer ring. The inner ring contains a white and blue/green glass, with the outer being a mid-light green. The triangular cells alternate from being a reddish-brown to light blue. The light blue appears to be the same colour as the spheres that were placed in the lugs. The same mid-light green glass fills the rest of the field within the circular border. Similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database, cf. SWYOR-829E3F, though none exactly matching this design. The design appears to be a variant of a brooch published in Buckton (1986, no. 8), though with all triangles pointing outwards on this example. This type of brooch are known to date from the 10th and into the 11th century AD. Dimensions: diameter: 25.23 mm; thickness: 6.61 mm; weight: 3.88g. Reference: Buckton, D. 1986. Late 10th and 11th-century cloisonne enamel brooches, Medieval Archaeology 30.

DUR-58ABBE: BROOCH
An incomplete coper alloy trefoil plate brooch of Later Early- Medieval date (AD 850-1050). The object is composed of three integral arms which are decorated with a raised elaborate knot motif across the entire face of the object. The object is heavily corroded and abraded and further stylistic detail has been lost due to this. The reverse is smooth and undecorated and retains two rectangular projecting spurs with semi-circular recesses. These spurs would have been the pin mount (or lugs) which consists of two half-round plates set vertically into one arm; the pin would originally have swivelled between these on another pin or hinge running between the two plates. The pin and catch plate are missing with only a minor projection from an arm to indicate the location of the catchplate. The face of the object retains small patches of retained gilt which would have covered the surface of the object The metal is a dark brown in colour with some green patches and a pitted corroded patina.

NMS-6F9BB6: BROOCH
Late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch, with cast Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse, a single incomplete projection is set at an acute angle to the edge. It is uncertain whether this was a catchplate or a pin lug. Opposite this an area of the surface covered with a thin layer of grey probable solder must mark the location of a counterpart. Diameter 29.4 - 29.7mm. Thickness of disc 1.6mm. Weighs 9.90g. Kershaw 2013, 56-61, fig. 3.19. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, and Margeson, S. and Williams, V. in Ayers 1985, 28-9, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2013, 56-61, fig. 3.19 East Anglian Series Type I.

Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch, with slightly chamfered and rather angular edges. Less than a quarter of the brooch is extant with a granular recent break at one end and a worn and probably ancient break at the other end. The face of the brooch is decorated with engraved oblique lines forming a running zig-zag. Diameter c.60-70mm. Width of hoop 8-11mm. Thickness 2mm. Weight 3.66g. c.500 - c.550 AD.

About one half of a Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch in rather battered condition, with an incomplete catchplate on the reverse. The sub-circular terminal is decorated with an engraved single-line cross with a punched ring-and-dot in each angle. On the flat-sectioned bow another ring-and-dot lies between two longitudinal lines. Estimated length c.41mm. Width 11mm. Thörle 2001, Gruppe II C 2a. c.720 - c.800.

The foot terminal of an Anglo-Saxon great square-headed brooch cast in copper-alloy, dating to the 6th century. Only the foot terminal remains, consisting of a sub-circular disc with a short length of the remaining foot projecting from the disc. The face is decorated moulded linear motif from the foot projecting into the centre of the terminal, consisting of a broad band flanked by two smaller bands and ending in a mask motif, all within a raised, moulded border. Surrounding the mask-motif on the terminal is an outer crescent-shaped band with continuous scroll decoration in relief. The reverse is undecorated. The break is very abraded.

NMS-75AE0B: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 cross pattee derivative type. There are concave angles between the rather crudely executed arms arms, and a transverse line bordering the upper arm and a large ring-and-dot on each of the three arms. At the top of the D-sectioned bow a rectangular panel forms facets, has a pair of transverse grooves and a notch at both ends. The bow has an engraved median line and a granular break at the lower end, with part of the bow and the footplate missing. On the reverse a single pin lug retains a small part of the iron spring. Length 29mm. Width 16mm. Weighs 4.40g. c.480 - c.500 AD.

NLM-8C621C: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch fragment. Cast concavo-convex hollow backed side or top knob from an Early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. A hemispherical or half round terminal with two deep moulded grooves, and with a rib between and after the grooves. Incised decoration comprises a finely incised line at the inner end of the terminal, and similar paired lines on the ribs. A sub-rectangular bevelled tab and a probably drilled fixing hole relate to the attachment of the knob to the head of the brooch; the outer end bears two rust spots and a pinhole within suggesting the loss of an iron fixing pin, possibly in the lifetime of the brooch as there is no rust staining within. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: 20.3mm, Width: 10.5mm, Thickness (overall): 6.6mm, Weight: 3.23gms.

LEIC-A351B9: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy small-long brooch, 40mm long, 21mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in a fair but incomplete condition and weighs 7.46grams. The brooch is missing all the edges of the headplate and its foot. What is present is a sub-circular plate with the fainteset traces of a slightly raised plain rectangular area in its centre. This sits above a curved bow which rises from the plate and has a short diagonal notch in each upper corner. The curved section of the bow is plain and where it becomes flat there is a horizontal incised line, at this point the brooch has broken. The bow appears to taper slightly in width as it approaches the base. The reverse of the object has a semi-circular loop, now broken, in the centre of its headplate and most of a catchplate sitting just above the break on the bow.

SWYOR-A4FB23: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Medieval small-long brooch dating from AD 400 - 600. Only the foot of the brooch survives. The flat upper part of the leg is decorated with annulet punch marks along both edges. The catchplate projects form the rear of this area. Below, is a half round panel decorated with five transverse grooves. The foot is again flat, slightly flared and decorated with two vertical rows of annulet punches in the centre. The break is patinated. The brooch has a smooth dark rown patina, green where damaged. It is 30mm long, 8.2mm wide and 12.9mm thick (including the catchplate). 3.58g.

NMS-CC7155: BROOCH
Late early-medieval Scandinavian cast copper alloy Borre-style convex disc brooch of Jansson's Type II A, with three inward-looking Borre style animal heads separated by the lobes of a double-contoured trefoil (cf. Kershaw 2013, p.50, fig. 3.7). On the reverse, a Scandinavian arrangement for attachment comprising a double pin-lug (with iron corrosion in perforations), a catch-plate set at right-angles to the edge and the stumps of a similarly set loop for a chain or pendant. Diameter 25.5mm. Height, excluding fittings on reverse, 5mm. Weight 7.79g. 10th century.

Incomplete small Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, a Cruciform or Small-long, the headplate and the footplate terminal missing. At the top and the base of D-sectioned bow a rectangular panel is defined by a transverse rib above and below. There is a median broad groove on the bow. The footplate begins with side notches above two transverse grooves. Below these the sides are chamfered down to the badly damaged half-round moulding. Most of the catchplate is missing. Both breaks are ancient. Extant length 37mm. Width 6.3mm. c.480 - c.530 AD.

Worn fragment of an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch of Åberg 1926 Group III or IV, part of the footplate with both ends broken in antiquity, incomplete lappets and half-round moulding, and an incomplete catchplate on the reverse. Extant length and width 23 and 19.5mm. Weight 5.69g. c.500 - c.550.

NMS-373BFA: BROOCH
Bow of an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch, hollow-backed and tapering, with a pair of median engraved grooves, and a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and the base, the former with two transverse grooves, the latter, which is incomplete, with one. The breaks are old. Extant length and width 28.5 and 20.2 - 14mm. Weight 11.76g. c.480 - c.550.

Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch with traces of an iron pin. Hübener 1972, Gruppe 6. Thörle 2001, Gruppe VI. The catchplate which was secondary and probably of iron, or at least attached by with an iron rivet, is missing. A double pin lug with an iron spindle is intact. The terminals are lozengiform with slight rounded lobes at the three free corners (one lobe missing). Length 41.7mm. Width 9.5mm. c.720 - c.850.

NMS-C7965E: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy brooch, probably a Cruciform, comprising a damaged and very corroded bow and headplate. A fragment of one broken headplate wing survives and the raised trapezoidal panel with remains of one of the bordering lines of stamped double-annulets. One rectangular panel survives forming facets at the upper end of the bow, which has traces of engraved lines on the longitudinal median arris and is deeply hollow backed, with a broken lower end. Extant length 47mm. Extant width 20mm. Weight 14.41g. c.480 - c.530 AD.

NMS-CB602D: BROOCH
Corroded, worn, bent and broken (almost into two pieces) Late Saxon/Scandinavian cast copper alloy disc brooch, no trce of decoration survives. On the reverse is a Scandinavian arrangement for attachment comprising a bent double pin-lug (broken acoss perforations), and a catch-plate set at right-angles to the edge. Diameter 26mm. 1mm thick. Weight 3.37g. 10th century.

NMS-F1B51A: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon cruciform brooch, damaged headplate distorted by heat, with rectangular panel and single pin lug within iron corrosion on reverse. At the top and bottom ends of the D-sectioned bow a rectangular panel forming facets is discernible, but the foot is molten and tapering with a scrap of the catchplate on the reverse. Extant length 40mm. Extant width 22mm. Weighs 10.74g. c. AD 480-550.

NMS-4B2EC4: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform. The headplate has been broken recently so that only the central part remains. At the top of the incomplete, flat, D-sectioned bow a rectangular panel forming facets is decorated with side notches above two transverse grooves. On the tapering bow a median flute is flanked by grooves.The break is recent. On the reverse a single pin lug lies next to remains of the iron spring bar around which is wound a narrow copper alloy strip (perhaps part of a repair). Extant length 35.2mm. c.480 - c.530.

LIN-5A3F13: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The headplate and foot are missing. The bow is arched and faceted, and has a moulded rib running down the centre. The break at the top is irregular but well patinated suggesting that it occured in antiquity. Below the bow is a square panel containing a ringed dot motif. An incomplete lappett extends to either side of this panel. Below the panel are two transverse bands comprising three ribs. The break at the base is irregular and well patinated suggesting that it occured in antiquity. An incomplete catchplate is located on the reverse. This brooch dates to the 6th century. This is probably the body to LIN-5A5469.

Fragment of an Early Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy object, probably from a cruciform brooch. The object is flat and broken along all edges. In plan it is presently sub-rectangular, and at one side there appears to be a linear ledge, which drops down to a break. The surface is pitted, but a clear ringed dot motif is visible close to the centre. The reverse has an irregular indented oval area, though it is unclear what this is. Probably 6th century. This is probably the headplate of LIN-5A3F13.

NMS-C35C44: BROOCH
Extremely battered headplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Small-long, with the upper end of a tapering, hollow-backed bow. None of the true edge of the headplate is present and on its reverse the single pin lug survives as a stump. All breaks are ancient. Weight 6.84g. Extant length and width 30 and 24mm. c.475 - c.525 AD.

NMS-E527E5: BROOCH
Worn and corroded fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch, foot with break across the flat panel above the broad grooved transverse mouldings, slight brow, protruding eyes, broken terminal, nostrils missing. Stump of broken catchplate at upper end on the reverse. Extant length 46.5mm. Width 12.5mm. Weighs 8.82g. c.480-530.

NMS-1A0CB9: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945, Trefoil-headed Class 5d, most of the footplate and small part of the bifid lateral lobes missing.There is a small panel on the headplate. A rectangular panel forms facets at the top and base of the short D-sectioned bow. The footplate begins with a pair of sub-rectangular lappets and the break cuts across the base of the half-round moulding. On the reverse a double pin lug contains remains of an iron pin. Decayed iron within the catchplate suggests that the pin was closed when the object was discarded or buried. Damage to the headplate is recent and the break at the footplate is not ancient. Extant length 59.4mm. Width 30.5mm. Weight 19.19g. c.500 - c.530.

NMS-1AEAA1: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon Cruciform brooch, detachable copper alloy side knob, waisted with collared sub-squared outer part, longitudinal perforation contains a corroded iron pin bar, damaged integral overlapping flange where originally attached to head plate. Length 15mm. Width 10mm. Thickness 10mm. Weight 6.33g. c. AD 480 - 500.

Incomplete late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch in very abraded condition, with traces of cast Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse there is the stump of a single perforated pin lug aligned with the outside edge almost entirely obscured by the corroded remains of the iron pin, and the stump of a transverse catchplate. Diameter 28mm. 1.5mm thick. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, 252, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, 23, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2013 East Anglian Series Type 1.

SWYOR-ECDE40: BROOCH
A copper alloy two-dimensional brooch in the form of a bird, either a cockerel or a bird of prey. It is either Early Medieval in date, about AD 1000 - 1100, or Medieval, perhaps c. 1350-1500. The bird is depicted in profile facing left. Corrosion has damaged the front of the brooch and obscured many details. The head has a crest (or comb) with vertical ridges on it. There are hints of a transverse moulding across the neck (perhaps like the brooches on page 265 of Egan and Pritchard). The U shaped body has a wing projecting upwards above it. This is fan-shaped and has radiating ridges on it. The tail is triangular and is decorated with concentric lines following the edge. A lump projecting at the top of the legs is probably corrosion. The feet have three toes each and look to be feathered, or to have talons. There does not appear to be a perch. Perches are often seen on Early Medieval bird brooches, cf DENO-0604D2. On the reverse is a raised square which is probably the remains of the base of a double pin lug. The pin is missing and the catchplate is a small scar near the tail. Deep circular holes on the back of the head are probably corrosion. The brooch has a smooth dark brown patina surviving in places, with area of grey green corrosion and pitting. The brooch is 40.2mm long, 36mm wide and 5.3mm thick. 13.49g. Weetch has collected a diverse group of bird brooches of later Anglo-Saxon date as her type 30.C. None are precisely like this example, and it is possible that it may be of medieval date; see Egan and Pritchard 1991, 265-6, for a group of lead-alloy brooches for which a date of 1350-1450 is suggested.

NMS-EF48B1: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Small-long, the headplate and the lower part of the footplate missing, with ancient breaks. A rectangular panel with a transverse groove forms facets at the top and the base of the very short, D-sectioned bow. Rectangular lappets (one incomplete) mark the start of the footplate. The half-round moulding comprises three low transverse ribs. The flap of the catchplate is missing. Extant length 39.5mm. Weight 10.50g. c.500 - c.530.

Fragment of a Late Saxon copper alloy trefoil brooch, worn and broken, most of central section, one arm and the stump of another survive, ancient breaks and small irregular perforation (casting fault). Deep elaborate counter-relief decoration on the surviving arm and part of arm comprises a Borre-style animal with double strand interlace with the head overlapping a double-strand concentric circle surrounding a triangular central boss, from each point of which projects an outward-facing animal head slightly beyond the interstice (one missing). The rear face has a single perforated lug within white-metal coating (tinning or silvering). Extant length 41mm. Extant width 29mm. 3mm thick. Weighs 13.28g. A very similar example from Norway is illustrated in Maixner 2005 Typ Z 2.1 (Kat.nr. 473) and another Norwegian, a Russian and two Swedish finds of this type are also listed therein. 10th century.

NMS-42B8BA: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch, head-plate, bow and part of foot missing, hollow-backed shallow D-sectioned, broken at upper edge of transverse half-round moulding with median rib, below which are the remains of a stylised animal-head terminal with projecting eyes. Lower end broken, terminal muzzle missing. Extant length 27mm. Width 14mm. Weight 8.77g. c. AD 480-c.530.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy small-long brooch, with the bow and footplate missing (ancient breaks), some surface pitting. There are tiny triangular stamped impressions along the top and sides of the headplate, points outward. Open circular perforations in the upper angles and notches flanking the break at base. Single pin lug on the reverse with corroded remains of iron pin. Extant length 21mm. Width 23mm. Weighs 3.78g. Leeds 1945 cross pattée derivative Group C. c. AD 480-c.530.

Molten fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy probable Cruciform brooch, upper and lower parts missing, broken below missing bow with surviving distorted trapezoidal panel with engraved line on sides (possibly before missing lappets) and transverse grooved half-round moulding broken at springing of missing probable animal-head terminal. Stump of catchplate on the reverse. Distorted by fire, granular breaks. Extant length 25.5mm. Extant width 14.5mm. Weighs 5.94g. c. AD 480-530.

BM-484402: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy florid cruciform brooch dating to the sixth century AD. The fragment comprises the head, the bow and a portion of the foot. The brooch measures 81mm in length. The head is 39mm in length, 52mm in width and 7mm thick. The bow is 20mm at its widest and 4mm thick. The foot is a maximum of 27mm long, 31mm wide and 6mm thick. Helen Geake comments: 'Despite the head being rectilinear and not at all 'cruciform', the decoration shows that it's developed out of 3 knobs all with two little circles - possibly intended as a human mask. There's a similar example from Driffield in Martin 2015, pl. 29.1. The fragment belongs to Type 4.3.2 which appears to be a north eastern type.'

BM-4862D6: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy florid cruciform brooch dating to the sixth century AD. The fragment measures 50mm in length, and a maximum of 28mm wide and 3mm thick. Helen Geake comments: 'There is a parallel from Driffield in Martin 2015, pl. 29.1. It belongs to type 4.3.2 which appears to be a north eastern type. but as far as I can see the fragment of foot seems a bit bigger than the other fragment. A second fragment from Piercebridge may represent part of the same brooch (BM-484402) although it appears to originate from a slightly smaller example.'

SWYOR-829E3F: BROOCH
An Early Medieval cloisonné disc brooch of 10th to 11th century date. The circular brooch has 7 evenly spaced semi-circular lobes projecting around the edge. They are decorated with a spherical bead of blue glass on each, some surrounded by a ring of white probably corrosion product. The centre of the brooch is decorated with a floral motif of interlocking wire cells filled with enamel. There is a lozenge shaped setting at the centre, filled with a green enamel with some white corrosion product. Four petals surround, which are comprised of 'heart-shaped' gilded wire settings, filled with light blue enamel. The remainder of the circular decorative zone is filled with dark blue enamel, held in place by a raised copper alloy border. The colours of the enamel are given as they appear today, however they may not be the original colours of enamel due to corrosion which can cause the pigments of the enamel to degrade. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of the applied hinge lug and catchplate. The surface has a very dark green-black patina. The brooch has a diameter of 31.1mm and has a maximum, thickness of 7.8mm. The circular plate is 19.8mm diameter and 5.2mm thick. 7.65g. Another brooch of the same deisgn is HAMP-0F7312 which notes that: "Similar brooches can be seen in Buckton 'Late 10th- and 11th-century cloisonne enamel brooches' in Medieval Archaeology (1986) Volume 30". Laura Burnett adds that brooch of this type are called Saunderton type, and it is the most common type found in Britain, though there is a lot of variety in the design and the number of lobes.

WMID-BD69AD: BROOCH
An incomplete gilded copper alloy cloisonne enamelled brooch, of Late Anglo-Saxon dating (10th to 11th Centuries AD). This brooch is circular in shape with seven evenly spaced circular edge projections or lobes. Each lobe contains a circular enamel cell, a couple are now incomplete. The face of the brooch is decorated with cloisonné enamel. The design is of a central light blue square with concave sides, which is bordered by curved bands of translucent dark blue enamel. On the outside of the four bands are four semi-circular areas of white enamel. Air bubbles are present in some of the pieces of enamel. The back face is flat and has an incomplete catch plate and an incomplete pin loop. Both the front and reverse metal has been gilded. The brooch has a diameter of 25.5 mm and is 7.4 mm thick. It weighs 5.7 g. This brooch is similar in style to an example from Bramford, Suffolk, which is also circular with seven projecting edge lobes and cloisonné enamelling although it is arranged in a different geometric pattern (West 1998, 11, 126, fig 10, no 13). A couple of similar cloisonne brooches have been recorded on the PAS database, including SWYOR-4834F1 and SF-0D8DC2. XRF analysis of the brooch using a handheld XRF machine, has indicated that the back contains: Copper, Tin, Lead, Gold, Mercury, Iron. The green glass around the edge contained: Copper, Lead, Tin. Unreliable results were obtained from the green, blue and white glass in the middle, but did contain copper, iron and tin.

HAMP-3AA2F7: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy small-long brooch of Early Medieval date. The brooch consists of only the bow, since the head-plate and foot are missing due to old breaks. The pin is also missing. The bow is arched, curving outwards after the head-break and curving back inwards before extending down to the foot-break. It is convex to the front and concave to the reverse. The edges of the bow slightly taper, being wider towards the head and narrower towards the foot. The bow is decorated towards the head with a series of transverse grooves and a large transverse collar. One edge of the foot end of the bow has been bent at the break. The metal has a greenish-brown patina and is worn with evidence of heat damage. The brooch bow measures 40.20mm in length, 17.08mm in width, is c.8.3mm thick and weighs 6.80g.

HAMP-3BBBD7: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Medieval early cruciform brooch dating to the 5th Century, complete but for a missing pin. The brooch is P-shaped in profile, having a straight, flat head and foot joined by the steeply arched bow, which is D-shaped in section. The head-plate extends 11.45mm from the bow and ends in a terminal triangular knop, while the elongated foot extends 20.30mm from the bow, ending in a similar terminal triangular knop. Behind the head extends the semi-circular axis bar for the hinged pin, which contains a fragment of the iron pin and has iron corrosion surrounding. To the reverse of the foot the complete catch-plate is present, with a curving edge for the pin. The edges of the upper surface are bevelled for the length of the brooch, flanked at either end of the bow by a transverse collar and extending into anthropomorphic designs on the head-plate and foot: Both have sections with moulded semi-circular pits for eyes and nostrils before terminating in triangular snouts. The brooch has a green patina and is in a fair condition. It measures 44.92mm in length, 7.60mm in width and is 20.49mm thick (from catch-plate to bow). It weighs 9.21g. A similar example is illustrated in EAA 84, p.304, fig.145, no.2.

NMS-4FDA8E: BROOCH
Incomplete Cruciform brooch, head-plate and bow, cast-in-one top knob, trapezoidal central panel, damaged flaring wings, side knobs missing, rectangular panel forming facets at top and remains at base of hollow-backed bow, foot missing.The broken single pin lug on the reverse contains corroded remains of iron pin. Worn and corroded, no trace of stamped decoration. Ancient breaks. Extant width 24mm. Extant length 41mm. Weight 10.39g. c. AD 480-530.

HAMP-653021: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Early Medieval brooch, probably of small-long type, dating to the 5th or 6th Century AD. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan, comprising most of the square head-plate, with complete drilled pin-lug to the reverse and a very small stump of the missing bow on the lower edge. The head-plate is decorated with three concentric engraved circles, within which are five punched ring-and-dots arranged as a cross. Two punched dots present along each of the side edges suggest a border of dots on the complete object. The fragment measures 24.92mm x 17.70mm, the head-plate is 2.13mm thick and 9.40mm thick with the pin lug. It weighs 4.97g. The same design is found on plate brooches recorded on the database, such as NMS-317096, which is thought to be of 5th century date, while small-long brooches generally date to the later 5th and 6th centuries.

LEIC-65A9C2: BROOCH
Early Medieval (late Saxon) gilded copper alloy cloisonné disc brooch. Diameter 23mm, thickness 5mm, weight 4.21g. The brooch is circular in form with a rectangular cross section. It has the worn or broken remains of six circular 'lobes' projecting from a lipped outer edge (the majority appear to have seven, but this number is paralledl in a find from Feltwell, Norfolk). The front of the brooch is contained by a raised circular frame. This contains a design formed by six C-shaped strips of copper alloy arranged around the edge of the brooch. Each semi-circular field is filled with dark blue glass, some of which has been chipped. In the centre is a further 'star' shaped field of paler blue glass, which is discoloured by corrosion product, in the centre of this is a white circlular cell. There are traces of gilding all over the surface of the brooch. The reverse retains part of the soldered-on rectangular copper-alloy plate for the pin mechanism, but the pin and catchplate themselves are missing. The brooch matches other six lobed examples LON-7E72B7 and NLM-857195 Such brooches are found in Eastern England and Denmark, where some have been dated to the late 11th C. Buckton, D. 1989 Medieval Archaeology.

DUR-8F4A7E: BROOCH
A copper alloy disc brooch dating to the early medieval period, c. AD 450 to 550. The object is circular in plan with slightly irregular edges. The brooch is flat with a circular hole through the middle and the remains of the catchplate present on the undecorated reverse. The front of the object is decorated with four ring and dot motifs equally spaced around the hole. Surrounding the motifs are two incised borders. The front of the object possibly has the remains of a silvering treatrment although this has abraded away in areas. There are similar examples from excavated contexts illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993: 63-66) who suggest a 5th to 6th century date for brooches of this type.

CORN-A6B937: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy penannular brooch, oval in plan and in section, with flattened upper and lower faces and flattened and expanded square terminals with faceted lozenges on both faces. The surface is quite corroded and has recently been waxed, but the lozenges on the upper faces of the terminals appear to be have been punched with five internal annulets, one in the centre and one at each apex or point. The hoop is also decorated with concentric moulded ribs at millimetre intervals, that encircle the circumference of the hoop. The brooch is missing its pin which would have had a flattened loop that wrapped around the circumference of the hoop and would have extended beyond the diameter of the brooch and tapered to a point, judging from similar examples. There are patches of a black patina layer on the surface of the copper alloy which has been moulded and shaped by corrosion so it appears to be an original surface layer at deposition, and is likely organic (Laura Ratcliffe pers comm). The finder has not tried to remove this layer but has applied micro-crystaline wax to the surface so it would now be difficult to analyse this layer to find out if the artefact had perhaps been wrapped in or surrounded by an organic substance. Fowler (1960) illustrates a smaller penannular brooch with a ribbed hoop and faceted terminals on page 151, fig.1, Type G, which is dated from the Early Medieval period, and is also referred to as the Early Christian period on page 149, which we prefer to use in this region. Fowler (1963) illustrates penannular brooches with ribbed hoops and lozenge-incised terminals from Lydney and Castell Collen on page 106, fig.4, nos.3 & 4, which come from 4th century AD contexts, on page 107, but generally dates this Type G to the early post-Roman period or Early Christian period on page 109. She also mentions that this type continued to develop through the Early Medieval period, and refers to the locally found silver penannular brooch (BM no.1880,0410.6) from the Trewhiddle Hoard, found near St Austell, which dates from the 9th century AD, on pages 107 & 109. MacGregor & Bolick (1993) illustrate a similar sized penannular brooch with lozenge-faceted terminals on page 94, fig.11.5, no.1909.256e, which they refer to as developing from the more 'Celtic' Type G penannular brooches, dating from the 4th to the 6th century AD, into the zoomorphic terminals of the Early Medieval period. Smaller penannular brooches with similar terminals may be found on the database in PAS records: SOMDOR-AB3935, SOM-0B1693, SWYOR-503036, LANCUM-0AF673, NCL-030777 and NMGW-FF0EE5 which are classified as Fowler's Type G and dated from the 5th-6th century AD.

HAMP-FD1E93: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment of an Early Medieval disc brooch dating to the 5th or 6th Century. The fragment consists of part of the body and rim of the disc, but is missing the pin, lug and catchplate. The brooch is decorated with what appears to be a border of spaced dots surrounding a circle of closely drilled dots. The metal is slightly warped and shows signs of possible heat damage. The fragment measures 14.85mm by 11.09mm, is 3.28mm thick and weighs 1.01g.

HAMP-FD5F64: BROOCH
A corroded and heat damaged fragment of a copper alloy object, possibly an Early Medieval disc brooch or mount dating to the 5th or 6th Century. The fragment consists of part of the body of the disc with a possible pin lug present to the reverse. The pin and catchplate are missing. Surface decoration is difficult to determine but there is a possible regular pattern of dots. The metal has been severely warped and discoloured from exposure to a high temperature. The fragment measures 26.08mm by 15.65mm, is 6.58mm thick and weighs 4.12g.

NMS-0D7BA9: BROOCH
Just under half of an Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch. The breaks are ancient, and one cuts through a pin constriction. Decoration comprises a row of double concentric semi circular stamps along the inner and outer edges, and double transverse grooves at mid-point, three before the constriction and one deep groove before the break across the pin rest. Diameter 40mm. Width of frame 6mm (4mm at the constriction). Thickness 2mm. Weight 3.56g. c.500 - c.550 AD.

WAW-16655C: BROOCH
Early Medieval (5th to 6th centuries) small-long brooch: The copper alloy brooch has a small rectangular, undecorated, head plate. The reverse of the head plate has an integral vertical lug alongside which there is a fragment of an iron spring. The bow protrudes from the lower edge of the plate and is narrowed, short, and high-arched before tapering to the lower segment of the bow. Towards the foot of the bow there is a rectangular band. On the reverse of this section there is a fragment of an integral solid catchplate. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete well developed dark grey patina. The brooch measures 45.18mm long and 19.31mm wide. The weight is 7.54g. The brooch is an Early Medieval small-long brooch which date to the 5th to 6th centuries. This type of brooch was usually worn in pairs. A similar brooch is illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993), No. 15.25 from Abingdon, Oxfordshire. MacGregor and Bolick 1993 A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections B.A.R. 120

NMGW-65B987: BROOCH
A middle early-medieval copper-alloy brooch of 8th- to early 9th-century date. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the distorted upper bow and part of the spring only (with a surviving distorted length of 30.3mm, a surviving depth of 14.9mm and a weight of 2.5g). The circular-sectioned spring is integral to the bow and has one and a half surviving coils before the break (with a surviving width of 5.0mm and a diameter of 1.8mm). It is now unclear whether the missing chord was external or internal. The bow is of sheet copper alloy (1.0mm thick) with one surviving side, which is straight and divergent to the break (giving a maximum surviving width of 17.5mm). The front of the bow was decorated with repeated punched ring-and-dot. It is now unclear how the ring-and-dot motifs were arranged on the bow. No other applied decoration is evident on the bow. The rear of the bow is undecorated and flat. Working striations are discernible at the apex of the rear of the bow. The surface is heavily-corroded with a mid-brown patina partially surviving; elsewhere the surface has corroded bright green and red-brown. An example illustrated by Weetch (2014, 186; no. 974) from Cherry Hinton, Cambridgeshire, has a bow of comparable proportions and decoration.

WAW-66A4B2: BROOCH
Half-round copper-alloy detachable side knob from an Early Medieval cruciform brooch. It is sub semi-circular in section with a rounded dome, narrowed waist beneath the dome, and then a slightly flared base. On the reverse of the knob, there is a vertical semi-circular groove running the length of the knob; this would have held the pin bar. On the base of the knob there is a deep linear groove which would have held the knob on to the side of the headplate. The surface has a well-developed green/brown patina. This knob measures 11.54mm in length, 10.26mm in width, 7.18mm in thickness, 1.94g in weight. The knob is from a cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, probably of Martin's type 2, which was in use from c. 475 to c. 550 AD.

ESS-B77356: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy small-long brooch, dating AD 450-550. The object is of the trefoil headed type, formed of a square head-plate with three semi-circular projections, only one of which survives. The arm of the brooch has a D-shaped section before straightening out. The arm is broken just below the catchplate and would have flared out at the end. The catch-plate is square but worn so that it is no longer hooked. A trace of the hingeis present though the pin is not.The brooch appears to be decorated with dots along the arm, with a double row of engraved lines just above the catchplate and notches on either side of the arch. There was likely to be decoration on the head-plate though it is now covered in a light brown concreted material. The object has a dark-mid green pattination. Similar examples can be found in MacGregor and Bollick (1993, 142-144, nos. 15.66-15.74) though due to the state of preservation of this object it is difficult to narrow down any further. this type of brooch date roughly to the late 5th-early 6th century. Dimensions: length: 37.77 mm; width: 23.31 mm; thickness: 17.34 mm; weight: 7.89g. Reference: MacGregor and Bollick, 1993. The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford:A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collection (Non-Ferrous Metals). BAR 230. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum.

HAMP-F5D5CA: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy disc brooch, heavily corroded and with severe heat damage, dating to the 5th or 6th century. The fragment comprises c.60% of the disc and fragments of the catch plate and hinge to the reverse. The pin is missing. The disc appears to be decorated with a regular pattern of concentric circles and punched dots, possibly with radial S-shaped, although how much of the apparent decoration is heat damage is difficult to discern. The metal has been severely warped and discoloured from exposure to a high temperature. The fragment measures 29.10mm by 26.13mm, is a maximum of 6.43mm thick and weighs 7.02g.

ESS-0ACA68: BROOCH
A middle to late Early-Medieval copper alloy ansate brooch, dating AD 700-1000. The object has flat circular terminals and a connecting bow which is flat on the bottom and rounded on top, arching between the two terminals. On each terminal is an engraved decoration in the form of a triangle with a line running vertically through the centre. The catchplate is still intact and attached to the underside of one of the terminals; it is set longitudinally (parallel to the now-missing pin) and close to the side edge of the terminal. Underneath the other terminal is the double pin hinge, and a fragment of the pin. The pin would have been made of iron, as evidenced by the reddish corrosion product around the hinge. The brooch has a mid-light green patination. Dimensions: length: 32.55 mm; width: 9.72 mm; thickness: 8.70 mm; weight: 4.74g. This brooch is of Weetch's type II.Aiii, which is dated to the 8th to 10th centuries. A similar example can be found in Hattatt (1985, 216-217, no. 682). Compare NMS-A3C595.

NMS-0B6BA4: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, detachable top knob above the remains of the rectangular headplate. The top knob has an engraved line above and below the broad groove forming the waist and traces of engraved transverse lines and mouldings on the side of a worn overlapping lappet. A central panel on the damaged headplate is defined by two lines of inward pointing triangular stamps each with a reserved V. The reverse of the headplate has a vertical rib the upper part of which projects to secure the top knop through its vertical perforation, and a broken pin lug within much iron corrosion. Extant length 29.5mm. Extant width 23mm. Weighs 7.18g. c.430-c.480. Class: Cruciform brooch Åberg 1926 Group I

Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, side knobs missing. Integral top knob waisted but otherwise featureless, twisted very narrow headplate with damaged edges. The flattened D-sectioned bow widens slightly towards its mid-point before narrowing to the base. It has a rectangular panel forming facets at its top and base. The latter has a pair of transverse grooves above faceted edges. The footplate begins with a panel with faceted edges above twin transverse grooves and an elongated and largely featureless animal-head with pointed terminal and a thickening suggestive of the eyes. On the reverse the pin lug is partly obscured by corroded remains of the iron spring. The partly enclosed catchplate runs almost the full length of the footplate. Length (unbent) 70.5mm. Width of headplate 7.5mm. Weight 7.54g. Åberg 1926 Group I. c.450 - c.480.

NMS-49FA3C: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform. The rectangular head plate is very small with a crude integral top knob (with a transverse groove forming the waist), from the reverse of which springs part of the single perforated lug containing the corroded remains of the iron pin. The face of the headplate is decorated with a notch on both sides between transverse lines. Rectangular panels forming facets at both ends of the D-sectioned bow are both decorated with opposed notches. A rectangular panel and the remains of transverse lines and notches are present on the damaged and incomplete foot, terminal missing. Incomplete catch-plate on reverse. Ancient breaks. Extant length 41mm. Width of headplate 11mm, of bow 6mm. Weight 5.85g. c.450 - c.500 AD.

NMS-8A073C: BROOCH
Late Saxon gilt copper alloy lozengiform open-work brooch, in worn and corroded condition with much of the cast detail missing, moulding at junction of four arms on central roundel, arms end in linked trefoil terminals. Broken stumps of 'Anglo-Saxon' pin lug and 'Scandinavian' catch-plate on reverse. 27mm x 25.5mm. 3mm thick. Weighs 4.61g. Cf. Kershaw 2013, 42-9, Openwork lozenge brooch, Type I. 10th century.

SUR-6AB440: BROOCH
A very worn fragment of a 5th or 6th century AD cast copper alloy disc-shaped brooch with the pin missing. The pin seating lug is present and bent and shows remains of iron. The brooch is decorated with punched dots in a cross formation. There may have been accompanying circles.

LIN-AD2004: BROOCH
An incomplete Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The headplate is rectangular, flat, and has an integral half-rounded knop on each side. The bow is arched and faceted. The foot is missing.

SUR-00EFF6: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy small long brooch comprising a square head-plate and a fragment of the arched bow. There are grooves bordering the side edges of the plate. The pin is iron.

NCL-18E034: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch foot terminal of the Anglo-Saxon tradition, dating c. 475-600. Only the foot of the brooch remains, consisting of the horsehead terminal. This is decorated in relief, with a double band across the width distinguishing the foot of the brooch from the terminal. Raised triangles indicate the 'ears' of the terminal, with triangular eyes in low relief leading to an elongated muzzed, with a slight raising of the semi-circular end of the muzzle. There is no indication for any projecting nostrils to either side of the muzzle. There is a break approximately 6mm above the double band, and the underside of this area retains a very worn and abraded catchplate for the pin; otherwise the reverse bears no decoration. On the basis of the size of the horsehead terminal, the overall brooch size is not particularly large for a cruciform type.

A cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch foot terminal of the Anglo-Saxon tradition, dating c. 475-600. Only the foot of the brooch remains, consisting of the horsehead terminal. This is decorated in relief, with prominant moulded bands across the width distinguishing the foot of the brooch from the terminal. Raised triangles indicate the 'ears' of the terminal, with triangular eyes in low relief leading to an elongated muzzed, with a slight raising of the sized of the muzzle leading into incomplete discoidal nostrils. There is a break approximately 15mm above the lowest band, and the underside of this area retains a very worn and abraded base for the missing catchplate for the pin; otherwise the reverse bears no decoration. On the basis of the size of the horsehead terminal, the overall brooch size is not particularly large for a cruciform type.

HAMP-ADEF51: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy button brooch of Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date (c. 500-50), missing its pin and possibly part of the pin lug. In plan, the brooch is circular and has an upturned rim giving the plate the depth of 2.08mm. The rim, damaged and missing in one place, flares outwards at an angle of about 135°. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated with a central chip-carved anthropomorphic forward facing mask. The 'helmet' (or possibly hair) consists of two triangles, their outer edges following the curve of the inside of the rim, either side of a central narrow rectangle. Below the eyebrows and nose are formed of a single T-shaped element, the eyebrows with a slight curve to them. One eye is a quarter of a circle in shape, in the angle of the nose and eyebrow, with a curving line and curving area below representing the cheeks. This is truncated below by the double horizontal line representing the mouth. To the other side of the nose, the second eye is a line, with a straight line and straight area behind it (in contrast the those curving on the other side of the nose). The rear face of the brooch is flat and c.18mm in diameter. The pin lug is positioned at 3 o'clock to the front of the face. The rectangular catch-plate is positioned at 9 o'clock. The brooch measures 20.96mm in diameter at the top of the rim and 16.05mm across the flat chip-carved face. Including the catchplate, the brooch has a thickness of 8.64. It weighs 3.81g. Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been used in different ways as dress fasteners. It is thought that they may have been used singly rather than in pairs like the similar but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and date between the later fifth and mid-sixth centuries. Seiichi Suzuki comments "I would subsume the brooch under class E1 (a rather degenerate variant), while the classification as class G (an early variant) cannot be ruled out. As may be recalled, these two classes are adjacent in genealogical terms, with class E1 preceding class G. The dating, which is just a rough estimation, would be at the early 6th century" (pers.comm. July 2013) Reference: Suzuki, S, 2008; Anglo Saxon Button Brooches Typology, Genealogy, Chronology.

WILT-C09371: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy disc brooch of the Early Medieval period missing pin and part of hinge lug. The brooch is circular in plan and decorated with a central ring and pin motif surrounded by four similar ring and pin motifs, the five pins perforate through the brooch. The catchplate is present and the single looped hinge lug is broken. The brooch measures 37.74mm in diameter, 8.56mm thick (maximum including catchplate) and weighs 6.94 grams.

NMS-D3AFC7: BROOCH
2 burnt joining fragments of an Early Saxon Great square-headed brooch of Leeds Group A4 and Hines 1997 Group XVII. , broken across the inner panel of the incomplete head-plate (all of outer edge missing) with a rectangular inner panel containing counter-relief Style I zoomorphic decoration, with the lower edge arched at the junction with the bow. Separate stud with broken discoidal head, broken footplate, inner panel with stylised animal heads. Twin perforated lugs and broken catch-plate on reverse. Some worn ancient breaks, other more granular and possibly recent breaks such as where the two pieces join. Surviving length 99mm. Surviving width 48mm. 2mm thick. Weighs 38.52g. Cf. examples from Londesborough, Kenninghall and Suffolk (Hines plates 68a, 68b and 72a).

LEIC-EC7875: BROOCH
Early Medieval (5th to 6th century) Anglo Saxon small-long brooch. The brooch is damaged and missing its pin. The headplate is bent out of shape but is rectangular in form with four semi-circular notches, one at each side of the base and one at each top corner. There are 3 punched annulets on the headplate arranged in a triangle with the single annulet sitting above the bow. The curved bow is undecorated and contains the catchplate on the reverse, but the foot is missing.

Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, footplate terminal missing, the break not recent. The rectangular headplate is decorated with a large centrally placed double ring-and-dot and with a row of stamped impressions along the sides and top edge. The impression is ovoid and is made of very much smaller ovoids. The D-sectioned bow is marked at the top and the base by a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with a pair of transverse grooves. At the top of the footplate a pair of transverse grooves is followed by a pair of edge notches, then a second pair of grooves above short chamfers. The half-round moulding consists of two broad ribbed mouldings with four and three transverse grooves. The surviving part of the terminal carries small ring-and-dot impressions. Incomplete single pin lug with iron staining and incomplete catchplate on reverse. Leeds 1945 square-head (plain) type. Length 59mm. Width 26mm. Late 5th - early 6th century.

WAW-6EA8D2: BROOCH
An Early Medieval disc brooch: It is made from copper alloy with the remains of an iron pin. The brooch is circular in plan with the outer face being decorated with a series of low-relief ring and dot designs. Two of the dots have been punched through forming two small holes. The reverse of the brooch has two lugs forming an intermittent line. One lug is larger forming the catchplate. The other is smaller, and is incomplete and has a broken perforation, this would have formed the hinge. Between the two lugs there is iron corrosion from the pin, but the actually pin is missing. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete green/brown patina. In diameter the brooch is 40.55mm, and in depth across the catchplate it is 5.36mm It weighs 15.6g. The disc brooch dates to the Early Medieval period, most likely to the mid 5th to mid 6th centuries. MacGregor and Bolick (MacGregor and Bolick 1993 A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections B.A.R. 120 p. 57) comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. Tinning is common on these brooches (especially the more highly-decorated examples), but gilding is not encountered, adding to the impression that they occupy a position complementary to that of the saucer and applied brooches of the more affluent sections of Saxon society...There are no obvious Continental prototypes for these brooches, which seem to have been an insular Anglo-Saxon development. As a whole the type tends to occur south of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Within this region the upper Thames Valley is particularly productive and may have formed a major production centre. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period.'

NCL-519C97: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Fowler type G penannular brooch dating to the Early Medieval period, c. 500-600. The brooch is incomplete, with approximately 50% of the frame remaining. The frame is sub-circular in section and decorated on the obverse and reverse with moulded ribbed decoration. The terminal is sub-rectangular in plan and consists of a flat, central lozenge with triangular corners bevelled down. In section, the terminal is sub-rectangular. The decoration of the terminal marks it as a Fowler type G (Dickinson form G1), though it is relatively thin and less 'chunky' compared to other examples of the same type.

KENT-7CE5C3: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy medieval cloisonné enamel brooch, dating to the late 10th to early 11th centuries AD. The hinge-pin is missing. The back plate is heptagon-shaped, with 7 projecting rounded knops at each of the edges. The back plate is gilded on both the front and the back. There is a circular central tray, in which copper-alloy curlicue strips divide it into nine cells (four triangular and four square cells around a central sub-circular cell). The triangular cells are inlaid, two with white enamel, one with a deep blue enamel and one with a green enamel. The enamel is missing from the square cells. The sub-circular cell is inlaid with a pale blue enamel. Similar brooches can be seen in Read 2001, Fig. 68, Nos.772-774, pp. 101 and 108. The brooch is 17.53mm wide and 3.69mm thick. The brooch weighs 2.86g.

The upper part of a gilded cast copper alloy early medieval miniature bow brooch of 6th century date and in very good condition (apparently with a high tin content). The spring was of iron but only a small part remains. The brooch has a semi-circular headplate with originally three rounded projections, each containing a human mask facing outwards. The head plate itself is decorated with running branching scrolls ending in rounded lobes and with pellets in the field. The strongly-arched bow has a plain and flat central ridge with stiff decoration on either side.

YORYM-8D0E57: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date. The upper headplate and bow of the brooch have been lost to old breaks. The brooch has a square central plate with worn triangular projections or wings to either side. An upwardly curved projection extends from the top edge from which the curved bow would have extended. The D-sectioned lower bow extends from the bottom edge of the centre plate, is decorated with three raised transverse ribs, and terminates in a spatulate zoomorphic stylized horse's head. The eyes to either side of the bow are bulging and globular and the snout tapers to flaring nostrils which are inverted comma shaped with circular bases. Between the nostrils is the projecting spatulate terminal with broken and worn edges. The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 78.1mm long, 35.1mm wide, 4.4mm thick and weighs 24.7g.

Fragment of Early Saxon openwork disc brooch, less than one quarter extant, with a single pin lug containing traces of the iron pin/spring on the reverse. Enough remains to indicate that the cut-out pattern was that of a swastika (Cf. Macgregor and Bolick 2003, 69). Diameter 47mm. 6th century.

Late early-medieval incomplete disc brooch, damaged outside edge, very worn concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double contoured knots, circular sunken field in centre, Borre style. On reverse worn stubs of single pin lug and catch-plate, both aligned with outside edge. Cf. West, 1998, fig. 134.8. Diameter 28mm. 10th century.

Incomplete cruciform brooch of Åberg / Leeds Group IVa. Headplate and upper part of the bow are missing, remains of facetted bow with shallow hollow on the reverse. The footplate begins as a flat trapezium between remains of two lappets, the almost complete one with a highly simplified downward-pointing beaked head. The half-round moulding comprises a groove between two broad ribs. The animal-head terminal is broken beneath a pair of protruding eyes, terminal missing. Broken catch-plate on reverse. Ancient breaks. Length grater than 60mm, width at broken lappets greater than 29mm. 6th century AD.

NMS-32D6E3: BROOCH
Almost complete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Martin's type 1.1.2 and Åberg Group I. It has a fully-round top knob, detachable side knobs missing, pitted head-plate with central panel and narrow wings gently angled backwards. Rectangular panel decorated with transverse grooves at top and base form facets on bow with median groove. Traces of engraved transverse lines on rectangular panel at top of footplate, then simple half-round moulding with transverse groove above an elongated narrowed animal-head terminal with protruding eyes, tapering to a crescentic expansion forming nostrils. On reverse a single pin lug contains remains of an iron spring. Stump of catch-plate. Length 92mm. Width of head-plate 11mm. Width of bow 11mm. Åberg (1926) Group I. Early to mid 5th century.

NMS-350FB0: BROOCH
Small flat copper alloy fragment, all edges broken, the front face gilt and with "chip carved" face decoration consisting of a row of short grooved ribs and part of a probable frame of animal ornament. The rear face is plain and badly pock-marked. Probably part of a brooch, either a Great Square-headed or a Florid Cruciform. Surviving dimensions 15 x 11mm. Thickness 2.5mm. 6th century.

Incomplete small-long brooch, most of footplate missing. Leeds 1945 cross potent type. Entirely plain headplate. Rectangular panel forming facets at top and base of hollow-backed bow, both panels with a single transverse groove. Single median groove on bow. Single transverse groove at top of footplate. On reverse a widely spaced double pin lug with remains of iron pin bar and spring, and stub of catchplate. The break across the upper end of the footplate is not ancient, and cuts through the footplate stub. Length at least 46mm. Width 26mm. Late 5th century.

Detachable side knob from Early Saxon Cruciform brooch. A very narrow waist lies between the fully round facetted terminal and a circular pad which is grooved on the inner face for the edge of the headplate. The facetted form suggests a Continental origin, perhaps Norway, see for example Reichstein 1975 Taf. 30.3 and Taf. 143.8. Late 5th - 6th century.

NMS-4BB9C5: BROOCH
Incomplete Small-long brooch, Leeds cross potent Type, head-plate with notches at base of semi-circular arms, stump of missing bow, perforated lug on reverse within iron corrosion and remains of iron pin. 34 x at least 26mm. Late 5th-6th century.

LEIC-9ECC43: BROOCH
Late Early Medieval (Late Saxon) lead alloy pseudo-nummular brooch of Weetch's Type 5.C, 30mm in diameter and 1mm thick (4mm thick in centre). The object is in fair condition and weighs 9.25grams. The brooch is circular in form with a few nicks to its edge. It is decorated with an outer ring of slightly raised pellets in circles. Inside this are two concentric solid rings followed by another row of pellets in circles. At the centre it has a plain area containing a central raised knop, 4mm high. Its reverse holds a linear ridge running across its centre. This houses the remains of a circular sectioned loop, now damaged and flattened, at one end and the triangular remains of a catch-plate at the other. The brooch is similar to HESH-0969E0, LVPL-DE8EF6 and LVPL-DE8EF6, although with an extra solid border and more decoration. Weetch dates these to 900-1000AD.

Early Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch. Fully rounded, waisted, integral top knop with one groove above the waist and two below. Narrow, well defined rectangular head-plate with stamped pairs of semi-circles along either edge. The wings are narrow, rectangular, undecorated and curved downwards, with a small amount of iron corrosion on the front of one. There are rectangular panels with two transverse grooves at either end of the triangular-sectioned bow forming facets. The foot-plate has two transverse grooves before bevelled edges accross which the plate is broken, the terminal missing. On the reverse is a complete but distorted catch-plate partially filled with iron corrosion from the (missing) pin. The reverse of the head-plate is transversley concave, with traces of silver coloured solder and iron corrosion. The pin lugs are missing. c. 450 - 480. Surviving length 58mm. Width 17mm. Head-plate 14 x 8mm. Find H.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy long brooch, upper and lower parts missing, broken across flattened D-sectioned bow, rectangular panel forming facets at both ends, both with line of double lunate stamps at knurled rib bordering inner edge, engraved median line. Slightly narrowed lower end with worn ancient break, upper end with scrap of missing headplate with notch in the surviving lower part of both sides and a granular break along the upper edge. Surviving length 30mm. Width 23mm. Weighs 12.60g. Late 5th-6th century. Finder's letter O (see map in file)

NMS-85DB45: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Applied brooch, back plate with inserted catchplate and pin lug only. The latter is single and set at right angles to the edge, while the catchplate is very high (12mm). Its outer face is decorated with two edge notches and two engraved grooves. Diameter 32mm. See MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 32-41. c.500 - c.550.

LEIC-9C3092: BROOCH
Incomplete early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch is missing the upper part of its headplate which consists of a rectangular plate with sub circular side projections. The bow is over curved and the brooch has a small footplate with catchplate attached on the reverse. Length: 36.0mm, width: 31.0mm, thickness: 5.0mm, weight: 9.17g

NMS-ACDEF4: BROOCH
Incomplete corroded and damaged gilt cast copper alloy Ansate brooch, bow with flat face decorated with an engraved voided concave-sided lozenge between four outer dots and with central dot. The angled upper and lower faces of the bow (one broken) are decorated with longitudinal notches. The decoration on the foot of the brooch is the same as that on the central face of the bow. there is a stump of an off-set catch-plate on the reverse. Surviving length 34mm. Width 13mm. Hübener Gruppe 10 (1972, Abb. 19, no.6), Thörles Gruppe XII A 1 (Typ Domburgh und Varianten). 8th-9th century.

LEIC-C961A1: BROOCH
A fragment of copper alloy encrusted with iron corrosion. Recorded as a possible fragment from an early medieval brooch because several such items have been found in the locality, and because a ridge on one face of the object resembles the worn remains of a catchplate. The object is in very poor condition, is 27mm long, 21mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 4.49g.

NMS-AD2D92: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy great square-headed brooch, part of footplate with no surviving original edge, part of two triangular inner panels. The inner panel frame is cable moulded, the median bar has a narrow central line of beading. Scar of missing catch-plate on reverse. Surviving length 20mm. Surviving width 19mm. 3mm thick. Weighs 4.12g. The breaks are ancient. Hines 1997 Group XVI. Mid 6th century.

NLM-279166: BROOCH
Lead alloy disc brooch with Jellinge-style decoration, . Cast circular plate with paired lugs for a separate pin (lost) opposite a folded catch plate. The front of the brooch bears a zoomorphic design comprising an entwined serpentine body with (probably) scales denoted by billeting; a head with elongated jaws and a large eye at the edge of the brooch; and at least two claws or talons. Patinated overall. The brooch would have appeared silvery when new, and is of a class of cheap jewellery considered especially significant because it marks the settlement of humble Viking folk. Many disc brooches present cross motifs, and mark an assertion of Christian belief among converted settlers. This example presents monstrous motifs more at home in the pagan North, and is equally assertive of the old religion, which is a pointer to a relatively early date. The laddered treatment of the creature's body recalls inscribed runic stones found across Scandinavia, dated to the 10th and 11th centuries. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 860-900. Diameter: 34.1mm,Thickness: 2.4mm, Weight: 14.77gms.

NMS-2AB1B7: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon gilt copper alloy florid cruciform brooch, comprising the broken remains of the foot with an elaborate mask with fragments of flanking probable bird-heads, cast eyes, semi-circular eyebrows, nose and remains of lips. Upper and lower broken, worn and ancient breaks. Flat reverse. Surviving length 25mm. Surviving width 23mm. 3.5mm thick. Weighs 8.08g. Surviving decoration very close to that on an example from Icklingham, Suffolk (West 1998, Plate III, no.3). Cf. Leeds and Pocock (1971) Group V. Late 5th-Late 6th century.

NMS-2B00B5: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast copper alloy Ansate brooch. The sub-triangular upper part has corroded remains of solder on the face. The is the broken stump at the mid-point of the lower edge where the probably D-sectioned bow is missing. Twin lugs contain an iron hinge for the missing pin on the reverse. Surviving length 37.5mm. Width 24.5mm. See Hübener Gruppe 4 (1972, Abb. 8, nos.1-7) and Thörles Gruppe III A. c.560/70-c.630/40.

NMS-3CCB44: BROOCH
Roman to Early Saxon copper alloy penannular brooch with round-sectioned frame and tightly coiled terminals at right angles to the plane of the ring. Fowler's (1960) type C, Mackreth's (2011) type c2.d1. See Hills and Lucy 2013, 42. External diameter 31.5 - 35mm. Diameter of cross-section 2.2 - 2.5mm. Pin length 40mm. 4th - 6th century.

NLM-53F386: BROOCH
Copper alloy annular brooch. Cast D-section band with eight groups of three incised grooves irregularly spaced around the band. The copper-alloy pin is cast with a circular cross-section, stepped just before a flattened end which is wrapped around the band. This form of annular brooch is most common from Anglo-Saxon contexts of the 'Final Phase' of furnished burial, late 6th or 7th century AD. Early Medieval, 570-700 AD. Diameter: 29.2mm, Band Width: 2.8mm, Band Thickness: 2.3mm, Weight: 3.89g.

Early Saxon footplate of cruciform brooch. Below the remains of the bow lower, a rectangular panel with twin engraved lines (ancient break) there aretriple engraved lines and chmfered sides. single transverse groove above opposed side notches and then a double transverse rib. Between this and the animal-head terminal is a double half-round moulding both sides are chamfered and decorated with two lines of staemped dots and one of crescents. The animal-head has protruding eyes and is divided by a median arris springing from between the divided nostrils. On the reverse a catchplate extends from the springing of the broken bow. Surviving length 42mm. Width 10mm. Weighs 7.23g. Late 5th century.

LON-E94AF8: BROOCH
An Early-Medieval copper alloy disc brooch. The plate is circular with a cross in relief extending beyond the plate and four lugs around the edge. The catchplate remains in situ with evidence of an iron spring pin, though only the spring remains. The front is decorated with engraved lines running along the arms of the cross. There is an engraved circular banner running around the circumference of the plate which is filled with engraved lines. There are also engraved parallel lines running from the centre to the surrounding lugs, forming a saltire behind the cross. There are diagonal engraved lines within the saltire. The reverse is undecorated. The object has a mid-dark green patina with orange-brown staining around the spring. No parallels can be found for this example though there are examples of disc brooches with similar cross design on the PAS database: SF-29EFB2. However, the lugs around the edge are also reminiscent of Roman disc brooches from the 2nd century and much later brooches of the 10th-11th century. Therefore, a broad date range of AD 100-1100 has been given for this object. Dimensions: diameter: 20.97 mm; weight: 3.04g.

NMS-4FE887: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon bow brooch, a Small-long or a Cruciform, in crisp condition, all of the footplate missing, with a quite recent break. The headplate panel is in sharp relief. The half-round waisted knobs are decorated with a pair of grooves before the waist and the top knob carries two more grooves beyond it. The bow is very slightly hollow on the reverse and there is a median arris. At the top a rectangular panel forms facets. On the reverse a single pin lug is complete but bent. Extant length 28.5mm. Width 33.8mm. c.500 - c.530 AD.

NCL-05AD92: BROOCH
A copper-alloy fragment of an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating c. 450-600. Only a segment of the foot remains, from the base of the bow to the portion just above the terminal. At the base of the bow is a band across the width of the brooch, creating a step to the brooch. Below this is a rectangular panel that is undecorated except for a simple band across the width of the panel in its centre in low relief. The panel then yields to a series of moulded collars in high relief: first a double collar, followed by a triple collar, and probably another double collar but this is where there is another break in the brooch. The underside of the fragment retains most of the catchplate, with only the hooked pinrest missing. The fragment has an even brown patina, and the breaks at each end of the fragment are very abraded.

NMS-383AD7: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy oval probable brooch with a symmetrical foliar motif in counter-relief, three pairs of branches and a longitudinal stem, on the front face. On the reverse two identical pairs of stumps resemble double pin lugs. Unless one pair is the remains of two catchplates, the identification of the object as a brooch is problematic. An extremely similar object from Snettisham, Norfolk (HER 54112, Rogerson and Ashley 2010, 131, fig. 6.37) has normal arrangement of double pin lug and what appears to be a catchplate. Length 33mm. Width 18mm. That the decoration is broadly similar to that found on tongue-shaped strap ends suggests a 10th-century date.

NMS-3CA286: BROOCH
Incomplete corroded and damaged Ansate brooch of Thörle 2001 Gruppe IIA 1c type, comprising oval plates with an engraved cross in lozenge within a circle and low-arched D-sectioned bow. Perforated twin lugs with corroded remains of iron pin, and stump of catchplate on reverse. Length 46mm. Width of less damaged plate 16mm. Width of bow 7mm. 8th century.

Worn fragment of a Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch with a backward-turning beast within a border of pellets. The rear end of the beast has an upturned tail and the remains of the two rear legs, the better surviving with three toes. On the reverse is the stump of the broken pin-lug, positioned directly behind the beast's tail and set parallel to the outer edge of the brooch. Just under half survives. Diameter c.26.5mm. Weight 2.69g. Backward-turning animal brooches date to the tenth century. The type is characteristic of East Anglia.

LANCUM-A42751: BROOCH
Large fragment of a cast copper alloy bow brooch dating from the early medieval period, that is c. AD410-600. Possibly a fragment of a small long brooch. The fragment is in very good condition with a smooth surface and a green patina. All breaks are old. Only part of the head and half the bow survive. The bow is triangular in cross while the head was probably square. There is no decoration on the bow or head.

BERK-CFC481: BROOCH
A worn cast copper alloy fragment of the bow of an Anglo-Saxon great square-headed brooch. The bow fragment is has an arched upper section with three raised ribs; beneath this is a worn triangular section that depicts the face of a fantastical creature with pronounced eyebrows, eyes and cheek bones and a curled snout; either side of this beast lines radiate out to the edge. The reverse is worn and pitted with corrosion; there appears to be the remains of two ridges, possibly part of a catchplate or the attachment for the rest of the brooch. This fragment is too small to be able to ascertain what class (or Hines' Type) of great-square headed brooch it belongs to. Dr Kevin Leahy comments that the 'face on this fragment seems to be one of the nicest examples' of this style of decoration which appears on a number of these brooches. Dr Leahy suggests a date of c. AD 520-570.

DUR-0BBAF8: BROOCH
The head of an Anglo Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the period c. AD 450 to 600. The headplate is sub rectangular with collared knops projecting from the top and left. There would have been a third collared knop projecting from the right side of the rectangular plate however this has broken off. The curved bow projects downwards from the rectangular plate but this is also broken and so the foot of the brooch is missing. The pin is missing however the integral lug which it would have been attached to is still in place and corroded. A more complete cruciform brooch has been recorded on the PAS database, see YORYM-C33D41.

YORYM-0DF858: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small-long brooch of Early-Medieval date. The headplate is square with a sub-rectangular projection to the left side and worn breaks to the top and right side. An integral bow projects from the lower edge of the headplate and is D-shaped in section and steeply arched. Transverse mouldings are present at the top and bottom of the arch. A spatulate foot extends from the base of the brooch and appears undecorated. A complete curved catchplate extends from the reverse of the lower bow and a single lug remains on the reverse of the head through which the pin (now missing) would have been hinged. The metal has a dark reddish-brown patina and is worn. The brooch is 69.4mm long, 19.9mm wide, 4.2mm thick and weighs 11.5g.

Anglo-Scandinavian copper alloy convex disc brooch in abraded condition. On the hollow reverse a single transverse pin lug contains traces of the iron pin and there is an incomplete catchplate. Most of the original surface has been lost and no decorative details remain. These were probably in the Borre style (cf. Kershaw 2013, fig. 3.11). Diameter 23mm. 10th century. A1 on annotated aerial photograph in file. See NMS-633A07, a very similar brooch from an adjacent field.

Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Small-long. The headplate, in rather battered condition, is lozengiform with apparently incomplete but very small knobs. At the top of the bow a rectangular panel with a pair of edge notches is defined by two transverse grooves. The rest of the bow is missing (ancient break). On the reverse an incomplete single pin lug is surrounded by the remains of an iron spring. Extant length 19mm. Width 8.7mm. Late 5th century A4 on annotated aerial photograph in file.

Footplate terminal of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch with divided nostrils. The break is ancient but with recent damage. Width 16mm. Late 5th - early 6th century. A4 on annotated aerial photograph in file.

NCL-9F70F4: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch of the Anglo-Saxon tradition, dating to the Early Medieval period, c. 500-600. The brooch is incomplete, with only the head and the bow remaining, the head itself also incomplete. The bow is carinated with notched, projecting corners where it joins the head. The bow joins the central panel of the head, with may have stamped ring-and-dot or triangular decoration along its edges, though corrosion obscured the detail. To either side of the central panel are the remains of a wing, though only the base of the wing remains, extending no more than 3mm from the central panel. The top of the central panel bears a cast integral headknob with a rectangular collar base in relief bearing a mushroom-shaped knob (in plan); in section, the headknob is D-shaped or halfround. The opposite end of the bow is broken above its base where it would join the foot. The reverse of the brooch bears a single incomplete lug in the centre of the head, with some iron corrosion around the base of this lug. The underside of the headknop is also concave.

BERK-9C48BE: BROOCH
A worn and imcomplete cast copper alloy saucer brooch of early Anglo Saxon date. The brooch is missing most of its upturned rim and may have been deliberately re-shaped. The face of the brooch is decorated with a devolved and now very porrly preserved, zoomorphic pattern in Salin's Style I, around a central circular cell. The execution of the decoration appears very crude. The reverse of the brooch retains a stub of the catchplate but there is very liitle trace of the lug for the pin. Interestingly there are two holes both equally located above the catch / lug area, suggesting the brooch was repaired after the lug and catch had broken, or possibly they were miscast in the first place. One of the holes retains iron corrosion, showing an iron rivet was used to repair the brooch.

Fragment of an Early Saxon Group V gilt copper alloy florid cruciform brooch. Foot with straight ancient break at the upper end of a rectangular panel, twin engraved lines above a mask with prominent eyebrows, eyes, nose and scrolling motif between a large moustache formed by beaked heads with incurving beaks. The finial has a convex upper edge and straight terminal. The outside edges and surface of the metal are very pitted and corroded. Surviving length 47mm. Surviving width 38mm. 3mm thick. Weighs 15.60g. Late 5th-early 6th century.

BERK-48D162: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon gilded button brooch, dating from the mid 5th to 6th century AD. The brooch is circular in plan with raised edges and with moulded anthropomorphic face-mask decoration. The mask comprises the head with three vertical lines arranged centrally above the brow to indicate hair; the nose is represented by a thin line that expands towards the base. The cheeks are rounded and the eyes are small and almond-shaped. The mouth is formed of a long straight line above a shorter line. Surrounding the face-mask is a border of rope-like design. The reverse of the brooch retains the pin hinge lug and most of the catchplate. Although most of the gilding has worn off there are traces visible on the front of the brooch. MacGregor & Bolick (1993) illustrates similar examples (nos 3.6 and 3.7), the latter example from Abingdon bearing closest similarity to the one recorded here.

NCL-48E1B1: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy ansate brooch of the Middle Saxon period, c. 650-850. The brooch is largely complete, missing only its pin and part of the catchplate. The brooch consists of a length of copper alloy, rectangular in plan view, but with a humped central section when viewed in profile. In section, the brooch is D-shaped. Each terminal is sub-rectangular in shape, with a cast integral moulded collar at each end of the terminal panel, with the collar at the outside edge of the terminal thicker than the collar separating the terminal from the bow. The bow narrows in breadth as it approaches the peak, but this appears to be due to wear. A double collar at the peak of the bow is the only other decoration. The underside of one terminal bears two lugs parallel to each other, located near the foot of the bow, and with one lug slightly damaged. The opposie terminal bears the base of a cast integral catchplate, which appears to have been a single lug with a hooked rest for the pin. The pin is missing. The brooch has suffered wear at the peak of the bow and on one terminal, and there is also some corrosion that has removed the patina of the object.

NMS-5FC906: BROOCH
Copper alloy detachable waisted side knob from an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch with part of the pin bar set in a median hole. The proximal part is rectangular-sectioned with a slot for the edge of headplate in its end. Beyond the waist the cross-section is half-round and there is a terminal nipple The greater part of the reverse is open. Length 16mm. Width 10mm. Thickness 6.3mm. Weight 4.06g. c.480 - c.530.

Incomplete Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch in rather worn condition, with a backward-turning beast in counter-relief within a border of pellets, parts of which along with the top of the beast's head are missing. The beast's tail is upturned and there are three toes on three of its legs with only two on one at the rear. The other rear leg is decorated with punched ring-and-dot. On the reverse the stump of the broken pin-lug, positioned directly behind the tail, is set parallel to the outer edge of the brooch. The catchplate, at right angles to the edge, is incomplete. The pin is missing. Diameter c.26mm. Weight 3.91g. Backward-turning beast brooches date to the 10th century. The type is highly characteristic of East Anglia.

WMID-602FD5: BROOCH
An incomplete probable saucer brooch of Early Early Medieval dating (6th to 7th Century AD). Around 25% of the brooch is present, and probably had an original rim diameter of 8 cm. The brooch has suffered from a degree of post depositional damage and is slightly bent. The edge of the brooch still extends upwards at an obtuse angle, but the main saucer part of the brooch is no longer flat but slightly bowed. The reverse of the brooch is plain and undecorated. The catch plate and pin attachment lug are not present. The decoration on the front of the brooch consists of a double pellet / rope like border. Inside, the deocration has been split into zones, two of which are present. interlaced zoomorphic style animals appear to be present. The brooch measures 33.8 mm in length, 46.1 mm wide and 2.2 mm thick. It weighs 16.8 g. The brooch is a mid dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.

Early Saxon copper alloy detachable side knob from a Cruciform brooch, half-round with broad transverse groove and four engraved lines on inner part. There is a longitudinal perforation at both ends of the open reverse, containing a corroded iron pin bar. Pin groove for headplate on inner face. Length 17mm. Width 11.5mm. 9mm thick. Weighs 7.13g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

Fragment of an Early Saxon small-long brooch, Leeds' trefoil-headed class. It has semi-circular arms (one missing) with their outside edges outlined with multiple small double semi-circular stamps, as is the headplate, within an engraved bordering line. the lower edge of the headplate is broken where the lower part of the brooch is missing. There is the stump of a single pierced lug within iron corrosion on the reverse. Surviving length 26.5mm. Surviving width 29.5mm. 1.5mm thick. Weighs 6.38g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

Incomplete Early Saxon Small-long brooch. The outer parts of the headplate, i.e. the ends of all three arms, are missing. A transverse groove remains on one lateral arm. At the top of the D-sectioned bow there is a rectangular panel with side notches. The bow has been distorted and straightened, presumably in antiquity, though all the breaks are recent. On the reverse a damaged single pin lug is partly buried in the remains of the iron spring. Leeds 1949 Cross potent or Cross pattee Derivative. Extant length 20.5mm. c.480 -c.500. Finder's no.5, see annotated map in file.

NMS-4505AB: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 Trefoil-headed type, part of the upper arm of the headplate and much of the foot missing. On the headplate very slight lines define the rectangular plate and the junction with lunate terminal on each arm. There is the stump of a single pin lug on the reverse and rectangular panels forming facets at both ends of the D-sectioned bow, both with twin engraved lines. Further twin engraved lines at the springing of the missing foot, stump of catchplate on reverse. Extant length 39mm. Width 29.5mm. Weight 8.38g. c.480 -c.500 AD. (Finder's no. DW-9-99)

NMS-4AB4C3: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy ansate brooch, one arm missing, with an incomplete catchplate on the reverse. The extant arm terminates in a slender trefoil, typical of Thörle 2001 Typ Harling. Extant length 27.5mm (estimated length 42mm). Width 7.3mm. c.720 - c.850 AD. (field L8)

YORYM-5CF2DB: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Early Medieval date. The fragment consists of an undecorated sub-square headplate with two attached collared knops that are flat on the reverse and one that has been lost due to an old break. The bow and foot are also missing due to an old break. The reverse is flat and undecorated and has a sub-rectangular projection that would have been used for attachment. The metal has a brown-green patina. The brooch is 51.56mm long, 44.48mm wide, 2.43mm thick and weighs 16.91g. Simiar examples are found in West, S. 'EAA 84', p.132, Fig.16.5

YORYM-5D3B9E: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy florid Cruciform brooch of Early Medieval date. Only the bow and catchplate area survives. A small portion of the bow survives, which appears to be decorated with a central groove, and extends to a small square undecorated plate flanked by two side lappets which are decorated with a curvelinear design. One lappet is missing due to an old break. It then extends further to the foot of the brooch which is also missing due to an old break. The metal has a light grey-green patina. The brooch is 41.28mm long, 31.12mm wide, 3.28mm thick and weighs 19.35g. Simiar examples are found in West, S. 'EAA 84', p.111, Plate III.3

NMS-74BE42: BROOCH
Fragment of Middle or Late Saxon copper alloy cross-shaped brooch. Trefoil terminal of one arm with the curved sides followed by a groove with an additional short groove on the central foil. Surviving length 14mm. Width 17mm. 2mm thick. Brooches of this general type, like the related "cogwheel" brooches, are thought to belong to the 9th century. Other Norfolk examples are known from Attleborough (HER 36681), Felthorpe (HER 35253), Horningtoft (HER 50014), Norton Subcourse (36227), Quidenham (HER 24050), Sedgeford (HER 32735, NMS-E6CE64), Shotesham (HER 21165 and 39888), Stratton Strawless (HER 24031), Wicklewood (HER 24504) and Wreningham (TM 1606 9890). An example has been found in Friesland (Boss 2007-8, 791, fig. 4i, 2.11.8). (Finder's number CB/14/0994)

NMS-88197A: BROOCH
Incomplete and abraded Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch depicting a backward-turning beast, almost all of the original edge missing. Very little detail of the beast remains, and none of the encircling pellets have survived. On the reverse an incomplete pin lug lies parallel with the edge and a small but intact catchplate is set at right angles to it. Extant diameter 24.5mm. Thickness of disc 0.8mm. 10th century. The type is characteristic of East Anglia (Wilson 1964, 36-7, 177-8, cat. no. 84; Smedley and Owles 1965; Hinton 1974, 19-20, cat. no. 12; West 1998, 322; Mainman and Rogers 2000, 2571-2, nos. 10428-30). (field WG3)

NMS-0A17E8: BROOCH
About one quarter of a Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch with recent breaks. On the front is one arm of a cross pattee which may have been inlaid with enamel. On the reverse is a catchplate aligned with the edge. See NMS-DBA5E8, an example from Roudham with Larling, Norfolk (HER 31402), for parallels and references. Diameter 20mm. Thickness excluding catchplate 0.9mm. Weetch dates this type to the 9th century. (field RG1)

NMS-C32836: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Small-long with cruciform head (cf. West 1998, fig. 153 nos. 1-7): headplate with three integral waisted half-round knobs, each with two transverse grooves before the waist; D-sectioned bow with a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and base, the former with one transverse grooves, the latter with two; footplate extant as a stub only; on the reverse an incomplete single pin lug and a stump of the upper part of a catchplate. If the footplate terminal was spatulate then this would fall under Penn and Brugman's (2007) Cruciform Type X1. Extant length 42.3mm. Width 26.1mm. Weight 8.07g. c.480 - c.500. (field WG3)

NARC-DEDC08: BROOCH
A copper alloy gilded Square-Headed brooch. Early Medieval (Saxon). The brooch head is incomplete, with no edges and a small portion of the bow present. The fragment is 32mm wide and 28mm long. It weighs 10.57g. In two pieces with very worn breaks, although the two fragments do not together exactly the recorder is confident that these fragments are part of the same brooch.

NLM-F2468A: BROOCH
Copper alloy and iron brooch fragment. Cast head of a small long brooch, comprising a cruciform head, the curving top of a projecting mid bow, and a lug behind retaining iron corrosion suggesting the brooch was deposited along with its iron pin. This is one of a number of finds suggesting that Early Anglo-Saxon graves have been disturbed by cultivation hereabouts. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 475-575. Length: 21.4mm, Width: 21.2mm, Thickness (head) 2.8mm, Weight: 6.26gms.

NLM-F2DCB4: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch fragment. Fragment from a small cast cruciform brooch, from the mid bow to the foot, and retaining the stub of a catch plate behind the lower bow. The mid bow curve is of keeled D section; after a pair of crescentic stops below the curved mid bow it narrows, with a double bead and reel moulding above a tapering pointed foot. The foot is indented on either side, in profile resembling the head of a bird. Dr Kevin Leahy kindly notes the similarity of this object to the small and aberrant cruciform brooch from grave 28 at Fonaby, Lincolnshire, particularly with the mouldings above the foot (Cook, A.M. 1981, The Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Fonaby Lincolnshire, Occasional Papers in Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, The Society for Lincolnshire History and archaeology, Sleaford, fig. 10 no. 4). This is one of a number of finds suggesting that Early Anglo-Saxon graves have been disturbed by cultivation hereabouts. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 475-575. Length: 33.1mm, Width: 6.5mm, Thickness (at curve of bow): 4.0mm, Weight: 2.98gms.

NLM-F2EE54: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch fragment. Fragment from a small cast small long brooch, from the mid bow to the foot, and retaining a folded catch plate behind the lower bow. A curved mid bow of flat D section is set above a plain and slightly tapered lower bow, a collar of two slightly expanded mouldings, and an elongated spatulate foot. This is one of a number of finds suggesting that Early Anglo-Saxon graves have been disturbed by cultivation hereabouts. Dr Kevin Leahy kindly identified this object, distinguishing it from a cruciform brooch. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: 43.5mm, Width: 7.4mm, Thickness (at curve of bow): 2.2mm, Weight: 4.14gms.

NLM-F2FD70: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch fragment. Fragment from the top of a cast cruciform brooch, comprising part of the head plate, an integrally cast half round top knob with a groove below , and a semi-circular lug behind to retain a pin (absent). The slightly hollowed back of the top knob may suggest the main part of the brooch was cast in an open mould, presumably as a locally made version of a brooch type with strong Scandinavian affinities. Fiercely abraded. This is one of a number of finds suggesting that Early Anglo-Saxon graves have been disturbed by cultivation hereabouts. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: 36.0mm, Width: 19.6mm, Thickness (plate below top knob): 5.4mm, Weight: 9.90gms.

NLM-F30A5A: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch fragment. Fragment from a small cast small long brooch, comprising the lower part of the bow, a plain slightly thicker collar, and an expanded pelta shaped foot. The foot bears a series of closely spaced crescentic stamps along its flaring sides. Dr Kevin Leahy kindly distinguished this object from a cruciform brooch. This is one of a number of finds suggesting that Early Anglo-Saxon graves have been disturbed by cultivation hereabouts. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: 21.4mm, Width: 15.4mm, Thickness (at collar): 2.8mm, Weight: 2.27gms.

NLM-F3269B: BROOCH
Copper alloy annular brooch fragment. Cast fragment from the band of a flat annular brooch of estimated external diameter 40mm. The display face is decorated by inner and outer borders of closely spaced circular stamps (diameter 1.2mm). Fiercely abraded. This is one of a number of finds suggesting that Early Anglo-Saxon graves have been disturbed by cultivation hereabouts; these include consistently dainty versions of familiar types.. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 475-575. Length: 23mm, Width (band): 7.7mm, Thickness: 1.9mm, Weight: 1.66g.

NMS-061E0C: BROOCH
Incomplete late early-medieval copper alloy Borre-style flat disc brooch of Kershaw 2013 East Anglian Series Type I, in quite fresh condition but bent and with less than one third missing as a result of careful chopping along a chord. The pin, which would have been of iron, is missing. On the reverse there is an Anglo-Scandinavian fusion of pin fittings (ibid. fig. 2.14): an incomplete single transverse pin lug (Anglo-Saxon) and a small catchplate.set at right angles to the edge (Scandinavian). Diameter 29mm. 10th century. (field L8)

NLM-082411: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch fragment. Cast plate with a step on its display face and the stub of a lug on the back, probably either a pin seat or a catch plate. The form of brooch is uncertain, though it might have been either a cruciform or square headed form. Heavily abraded. This object was allocated to the Early anglo-Saxon period on the advice of Dr Kevin Leahy (in April 2011). Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: 35mm, Width: 18.4mm, Thickness (clear of lug): 4.9mm, Weight: 9.08gms.

NLM-08BAEB: BROOCH
Copper alloy plate brooch of Weetch Type 1. Cast discoid plate bearing the image of a backward facing beast with jaws agape in low relief, with a billeted border. The back retains the stubs of a pin seat and catch plate, suggesting the pin to have been roughly aligned with the beast. Abraded. This appears to be a simple version of a common type, described by Hattatt (1987), page 315, fig. 103 nos 1310-1311) as a 'poor man brooch': a useful indicator of the Viking Age settlement of ordinary folk. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 900-1000. Diameter: 28.3mm, Thickness (clear of pin gear): 1.5mm, Weight: 6.12g.

NMS-1C13F5: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy bird brooch, missing parts include part of the catch-plate, the tail and the pin-lug and pin. The bird, facing right, has a crest comprising three trapezoidal projections, each with twin engraved grooves, a pointed beak, a triangular wing projecting above the back, and another wing moulded in profile on the body, oblique nicks on the body indicate feathers. The legs with three-toed feet rest on a 'perch'. There is a wide grooved transverse moulding at the junction of the body and the missing tail. The reverse has the remains of a probable vertical catchplate in the centre of the body, the hooked upper part missing. Surviving length 29mm. Surviving height 30mm. Body 3.5mm. Weight 7.95g. Bird brooches of this type are known from Denmark and England and date from the 11th century (Pedersen 1999). Other examples have been recorded in West Norfolk (HER 4561, NMS-E7F720), and elsewhere in Norfolk at Costessey (HER 5352), Kenninghall (HER 32862), Postwick (HER 31087), Rocklands (HER 34984), East Rudham (HER 29031), West Rudham (HER 32133), Seething (HER 40302), Stoke Holy Cross (HER 24332), Thetford (HER 33933) and Topcroft (HER 39872). This example most clearly resembles the Kenninghall brooch (Pedersen 1999, fig. 19b). For comparanda on the PAS database, see BERK-CEBC67, BERK-5DED86, NMS-E7F720, SF-BCC403 KENT-9F6987 SUSS-44F203 SF-7B3CA5. Another, rather unconventional, example is at SF-AD5FA7.

Two non-joining fragments of an Early Saxon gilt copper alloy disc brooch of uncertain type. All edges are non-recent breaks. Bluish straining on the reverse of both pieces is probably vivianite. The larger fragment (53 x 48mm) consists of part of the raised rib of a roundel enclosing decoration that includes at least three triplets of radial grooves. A broad rib runs from the roundel to an incomplete circular setting in which remain a small fragment of garnet. The rib is flanked by chip carved ornament of uncertain design which includes a narrower rib running straight from one edge before curving to another. A widely spaced, incomplete and distorted double pin lug lies on the reverse, behind the circular setting. All of the front of the smaller fragment (29 x 28mm) is covered with chip carving around an empty lozengiform setting. Barry Ager and Sue Brunning of the British Museum have kindly examined photographs. They note no close parallel but point to a complete but rather smaller brooch from Wolfhampcote, Warwickshire which bears some similarity with its central roundel, projecting 'arms' and outer settings (WAW-F604A2). It is interesting to note that the find spots of the two objects lie only c.15km apart. Average thickness (apart from roundel rib and pin lug) 2.5mm. Weight 42.42g. Second half 6th century.

NLM-01E50F: BROOCH
Copper alloy possible brooch fragment. Triangular plate with an incised basal border which is subdivided by six vertical strokes. Possibly the foot of a small long brooch. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: 17.3mm, Width: 16.9mm, Thickness: 2.4mm, Weight: 2.15gms.

BERK-EE246E: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cruciform brooch, dating to the late 5th or 6th century AD. The fragment appears to be the bow section, with transverse mouldings across either break, and a central, vertically aligned sprue that forms a bar with horizontal bar ends. The reverse is slightly domed and recessed.

BERK-EF2371: BROOCH
Two worn cast copper alloy fragments of an Anglo-Saxon great square-headed brooch. One fragment is from the bow of the brooch and has an arched upper section with the remains of three raised ribs; beneath this is a worn broadly triangular section that depicts the face of a fantastical creature with pronounced eyebrows, eyes and cheek bones and a curled snout or mouth reminiscent of a handlebar moustach. The reverse of the bow section has two broken lugs that would have held the hinged pin. This section measures 20.2mm wide x 21.9mm high and weighs 6.9gms. The second fragment may be one of the arm or wing sections of the brooch, and again may have the face of a fantastical creature; a raised central rib is present on this fragment. This section measures 15.9mm wide x 17.2 long x 2.2 thick. It weighs 1.8gms. The fragments are too small to be able to ascertain what class (or Hines' Type) of great-square headed brooch it belongs to, however Dr Kevin Leahy has commented on this style of brooch with the face element, and dates them to c. AD 520-570.

BERK-EF4C45: BROOCH
A nearly complete cast copper alloy Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) disc brooch dating to the 5th or 6th century AD. The brooch has a central double ring motif with central recess and four further ring and dot motifs located equidistantly around the circumference of the brooch near the external edge. The face of the brooch retains some silvering. The reverse of the brooch retains most of the catchplate and the hinge lug however the pin is missing. This style of disc brooch is common to the Upper Thames Valley area and similar examples are in collections in the Ashmolean Museum (Bolick & MacGregor 1993). They generally date to around AD 450-550. See also BERK-3A9FD8 for a similar example from the same area.

BERK-04DF75: BROOCH
A fragment from the bow of an Anglo-Saxon great square headed brooch, very worn with the decoration hard to discern. The reverse retains a stub of a lug. Probably 6th century AD.

BERK-05016C: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) period. Leeds 1945 square-head type, the remaining brooch element comprises only the head-plate and the stump of the missing bow on the lower edge. The head is decorated with five ring-and-dot motifs, one each on the outer corner, and the fifth off centre. There is the remains of the single pin lug on the reverse. The break across the bow is ancient. Small long brooches date from c. AD 475-575.

BERK-051CDB: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small Kentish square-headed brooch, dating to the early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) period. The surviving element comprises just under half of the original brooch, the foot andhalf of the arched bow. The reverse of the brooch retains a lug, which is part of the catchplate. The brooch is decorated with raised mouldings that form an opework latin-style cross with rounded foot and two rounded knops above the arms; the surviving part of the bow has linear mouldings. This brooch dates from the 6th century AD.

BERK-056093: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small square-headed brooch dating to the early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) period. The brooch has been subjected to high temperatures as the lower half of the brooch has been melted and is now twisted and buckled. The brooch has a rectangular head plate that has zoomorphic mouldings in Salin's Style 1, appearing to comprise an intertwined beast. The bow of the brooch has raised ribbed elements but any other detail is obscured by the melted metal. The reverse of the brooch is heavily encrusted with iron, the remains of the pin. It is unclear whether the brooch was being intentionally melted down for re-use or is actually indicative of cremation, which seems most likely; the heat damage is too extensive to have been caused by stubble burning and is likely ancient in occurance. These brooches date from the later 5th to 6th century AD.

Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy bird brooch of Weetch type 30.B, the tail and most of the legs missing. The breast and body of the stylised "two-legged" bird are decorated with moulded grooves and there is a punched ring-and-dot on both the head and the cross. The latter two are joined leaving a round aperture between them. On the reverse there is the stump of a catchplate. Extant length and height 22 and 25mm. c.800 - c.850 (Pedersen 2001, 32-4, fig. 19-21). Field 11

SUSS-28C87C: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval copper alloy ansate brooch catch plate and bow c. 800-900, of Anglo-Saxon affliation. A fragment of a rectangular brooch catch plate with decorated transverse lines; the catch on the reverse has been squashed and is now a semi-circular loop. It measures 26.6 mm in length, 7.7 mm wide, 5.6 mm thick and weighs 2.55g.

NMS-A868B4: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy brooch, probably a Cruciform, a very small fragment of headplate with an integral, waisted, half-round knob. There are two patches of white-metal coating on the front face, ont eh pate and the knob. The rounded outer part of the knob is hollow on the reverse. Extant length and width 15.4 and 12mm. Weight 2.59g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-A8DECF: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon Ansate brooch, one rectangular arm and part of the bow with a squashed catchplate on the reverse. The arm is decorated with an engraved saltire within a frame, and part of a similar motif can be seen on the bow. There are small lobes at the junction of arm and bow, and there were almost certainly similar projections from the missing outer corners of the latter. The front face is partly obscured by adherent soil. Hubener 1972, Gruppe 10. Thorle 2001, Gruppe XI B 2. Extant length 19.3mm. Width 13.3mm. c.730 - c.900.

LIN-D383F2: BROOCH
Fragment of what appears to be an Anglo-Saxon brooch, perhaps a cruciform or small long type, dating to the 6th century AD. The fragment has a flat face though all edges are damaged. The reverse contains a damaged catchplate; iron corrosion survives to one side of this, presumably representing the pin. The object is pitted and covered with soot, suggesting that it has been in a fire. The breaks are old and rough.

NMS-E471AC: BROOCH
Late Roman - Early Saxon copper alloy miniature bow brooch or Armbrustfibel with an arched D-sectioned bow. The narrowed vertical upper terminal of the bow has a transverse piercing containing iron corrosion. The spring, axis bar and pin are missing. A small flat panel at the springing of the foot is framed at top and base by twin grooves, thereafter the foot becomes D-sectioned and is decorated on the convex face with with three groups of five transverse grooves. On the reverse is the stump of the missing catchplate, the break is worn and ancient. Length 56mm. Width of bow 5mm. Thickness of bow 4mm. Width of foot 4mm. Thickness of foot 4mm. Weighs 7.43g. A Germanic brooch, originally with an iron spring and pin mechanism, known as an Armbrustfibel, see Hills and Lucy (Cambridge 2013), pp.37 and 303, and Ahrens (Hamburg, 1978), pp.577-8, nos.140-4. Although uncommon, at least three other examples are known from Norfolk: one from Oxborough (HER 2634), Illustrated in Gurney (ed. 1997), pp. 387-96, Fig.3B, an iron example excavated at Spong Hill, shown in Hills and Penn (1981), fig.139, no.1743, and a fragment from Foulsham (NMS-365184). c.400-c.475.

BERK-402A29: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy plate brooch dating to the late Early-medieval (Anglo-Scandinavian) period. The brooch is lozenge-shaped with four open cells between the arms of a cross. The ends of the cross's arms are pointed and may be devolved animal head terminals, in the Borre style, each with a V-shaped collar dividing the terminal and the cross's arm. The centre of the cross is raised. On the reverse of the brooch are two short stubs, these being the remains of the double lug for the pin, and a small spike is all that remains of the catch-plate. The pin is not present. In other records (see LIN-DFAF06, SF-D9EEA2 and YORYM-9DBFD4), Jane Kershaw has identified these objects as Scandinavian openwork lozenge brooches, Type I (beaded arms). They date from the tenth or early eleventh century AD.

Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy annular brooch. The frame is rectangular in section and broken at one end around the pin hole. The surviving frame is decorated with an inner and outer perimeter of dots.

SWYOR-67954E: BROOCH
A fragment from the rim of a cast copper alloy, gilded, chip carved, circular artefact of Early Medieval date. It may be part of a button brooch dating from AD 450 - 550. The front retains much of the gilding and a small part of the chip carved design. There is a raised rim (1.6mm thick) and two concentric lozenge shapes in relief. The object is broken along the line of the chip-carved groove. The reverse is plain, except for a small, circular depression that may be the location of some type of mounting point, or could just be corrosion pitting. The fragment is 12.6mm long, 5.7mm wide and 1.6mm thick. It weighs 0.26gm. If the object is from a button brooch, it is probably the mouth part of the normal anthropomorphic design. Compare examples in Macgregor and Bolick. The fragment also has the correct diameter of about 20mm.

NMS-D3C2A4: BROOCH
Two detachable side knobs from Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooches, both waisted and with partly open backs and median holes, c.480 - c.500: - with part of the iron pin bar, of rectangular cross-section before the waist and half-round and decorated with a pair of transverse grooves beyond it. Length 21mm. Width 11.8mm. Thicknness 6.7mm. Weight 7.05g. - half-round section, slotted for the edge of the headplate. Length 13mm. Width 11,mm. Thickness 5.7mm. Weight 3.77g Area no.1 on annotated map in file

Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, parts of the headplate and footplate missing. The upper corner(s) of the headplate are rebated and a panel is defined by two vertical grooves. One side is missing. A rectangular panel forms facets at the top and base of the D-sectioned bow which tapers gently downwards. There is a single transverse groove on the footplate before the break. On the reverse an incomplete single pin lug is partly covered in decayed iron from the spring. The upper part of the catchplate survives as a stump. The breaks are not very ancient. Extant length and width 47 and 20mm. Weight 11.18g. c.480 - c.530 AD. No.4 on annotated map in file

NMS-D47A86: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of square-head type, broken into two (quite recently) near the top of the bow. The top edge and sides of the headplate are scalloped, with three filed grooves between each indentation. In each corner there is round hole. All four have broken through to the corner. A flat panel is defined by a lines of punched crescents within fine engraved grooves. A rectangular panel, decorated with side notches and a pair of transverse grooves, forms facets at the top and base of the sub-triangular sectioned bow, on which there is a triplet of median grooves. The footplate begins with a pair of edge notches next to three transverse grooves. Below these side chamfers run down to the half-round moulding which are also emphasised with transverse grooves. The terminal is tongue-shaped and decorated with the same crescentic stamp in two rows. The end of the terminal is missing (recent damage). On the reverse a single pin lug is flanked by iron, the remains of the spring, and a short, high, intact catchplate is decorated on its exterior with engraved grooves. Length 68.5mm. Width of headplate 23.5mm. Weight 14.63g. c.480 - c.530 AD. No.6 on annotated map in file

KENT-E3D11C: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch (450-550 AD). The brooch consists of a flat trefoil head plate, with three D-shaped arms extending from a narrowed waist, attached to a central square plate; one of these arms is damaged. The bow is rectangular, short and arched with a central, vertical ridge which tapers to a flattened, sub-rectangular foot, which has a central pair of transverse lines. On the reverse of the brooch, the spring and pin are missing due to old breaks. There are two integrally cast semi-circular pin lugs with a central, circular aperture that contains the corroded remains of an iron pin, one of these lugs is broken and the upper area is missing. There is orange rust remaining between the lugs, likely the remains of the iron spring. The reverse of the bow is concave and extends to a complete, semi-circular, integral catchplate, which extends to the left. The entire object is covered with green and black patina and mounds and pits of copper-alloy corrosion. It measures 43.4 mm in length, 27.9 mm wide, 9.2 mm thick and weighs 13.1 g. This is an Anglo-Saxon brooch and this type makes its appearence in the early fifth century and were in use and circulation well into the sixth century (MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 125).

SWYOR-FCC5AD: BROOCH
An incomplete early Anglo-Saxon small long brooch dating from about AD 450 - 600. The head is incomplete, but is flat and cross shaped with notches in the lower corners and rounded corners or notches at the top. The top and sides are old, patinated breaks. The bow is arched and faceted, trunctaed at the base by an old and patinated break. The lower bow and foot are missing. On the reverse of the ehadplate is a lump of iron corrosion, the remains of the pin, and at least one copper alloy lug to hold it in place. There are probably two lugs, sandwiching the pin, but the corrosion obscures one. The visible lug is vertically aligned, with straight top and bottom edges and a rounded terminal. The hole through it is circular. The brooch has a grey green patina with some pitting. It has been treated coated by the finder. Compare LIN-5CB859 and NMS-AE9251. It is 28.06mm long, 21.7mm wide and 10.98mm thick. 5.45g.

LIN-FD0C7D: BROOCH
An incomplete Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch. It would have had three half rounded knops with a central groove separating the rounded top half and a sub-rectangular lower half. Only two of these knops remain. Moving towards the centre there are two sub-rectangular sections on the wings of the brooch which step down from the knops. Stepping up slightly from these is a central square section. There is a convex section forming the lower part of the cross shape with a central vertical ridge, the very bottom of it is broken. On the reverse the is a single integral loop with iron corosion.

SUSS-8F3797: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval cast copper-alloy button brooch of Anglo-Saxon attribution, dating to c. 450-600. The brooch is missing its pin, part of the pin lug and also part of the central plate. The brooch consists of approximately two thirds of the central design, with a fragment of the rim on either side; the central design is an anthropomorphic face with traces of gilding and the mouth, nose and a portion of the eyes are discernible. A central raised vertical nose, with double lines curving upwards from the bridge of the nose to represent eyes, at the end of the nose is a horizontal double line, representing the mouth, which curves downwards slightly on either side. The reverse of the brooch is flat with two raised areas, which follow a horizonal line, one of which appears to have been the pin lug, which is now corroded and other, the outline of the missing pin rest. The pin lug is positioned at 3 o'clock to the front of the face. The remains of the rectangular catch-plate are positioned at 9 o'clock. It measures 17.8 mm in length, 13.3 mm wide, 4.5 mm wide and weighs 1.71 g. Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been used in different ways as dress fasteners. It is thought that they may have been used singly rather than in pairs like the similar but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and date between the later fifth and mid-sixth centuries. Similar to record HAMP-ADEF51.

NMS-F809ED: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Aberg 1926, Group I, side knob and all below the uppermost part of the bow missing. A fully-round waisted top knob is integral with a very narrow headplate on the reverse of which is an incomplete single pin lug and a small fragment of the iron spring. Extant length 35mm. Width of headplate 11.5mm (length 18.5mm). Diameter of knob 9.5mm. Weight 10.91g. Possibly part of the same brooch as NMS-F82167. c.430 - c.480. Area 1 on annotated map in file

NMS-F87158: BROOCH
Half-round and waisted detachable side knob of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, open on the reverse and with part of the iron spring bar within a median hole. There is a single transverse groove before the waist and a pair beyond it. Length 13.5mm. Width 11.8mm. Thickness 6.3mm. Weight 4.58g. c.480 - c.530. Area 1 on annotated map in file

NMS-FA8721: BROOCH
Very worn Late Saxon copper alloy nummular brooch. On the front a right-facing bust is just discernible and sits within a pelleted border. The reverse, which is apparently otherwise plain, is decorated with a similar border and bears a double pin lug (cf. Kershaw 2013, fig. 2.1) with slight remains of iron pin loop and a C-shaped catchplate (ibid. fig. 2.2). This is an Anglo-Scandinavian arrangment. Diameter 24.6 - 25.1mm. Thickness, excluding pin fixings, 1.5mm. Second half 9th - 10th century. Area 1 on annotated map in file

NMS-B27BE9: BROOCH
Almost complete Early Saxon small-long brooch, now in two pieces broken at the lower end of the bow. Rectangular head-plate with thirteen circular perforations along sides and top edge with a groove connecting each of the complete perforations with the edge of the head-plate. The edge is broken through seven of the perforations. There is an internal border of eleven stamped reverse S-shaped scrolls following the edge of the plate. The D-sectioned bow has side facets between one fine transverse groove at the top and one at the base, broken possibly along the line of a transverse groove. Below the bow are large lappets with curved upper edges, rounded sides and a straight lower edge. There is a pair of faint transverse lines at the top of the lappets before a triangular facet to either side, a transverse line of stamped double semi-circles, and two blind holes with transverse grooves joining the lower edge of the lappets on either side of the foot-plate. The lappets are separated from the foot of the brooch by a waisted half-round moulding with a transverse groove above and below the waist. The foot is in the form of a stylised horse-head with pellet-like eyes and large rounded nostrils. On the reverse is a single pin lug partialy covered with iron corrosion, and a rectangular catch-plate broken at the fold. There is no iron corrosion on the catch-plate. None of the breaks are very recent, although the condition of the transverse break on the bow is difficult to see due to glue applied before the brooch was brought in for recording. Width of head-plate 32mm. Length of head-plate 20.5mm. Width of bow 9mm. Width at lappets 26mm. Total length of brooch 75mm. Weight 18.4g. A similar brooch was excavated by T.C. Lethbridge at Holywell Row, Mildenhall, Suffolk (Lethbridge 1931, 34, plate IID) and also described by Leeds (1945, 42-3, fig 26d), and another recorded from Hillington, Norfolk (NHER35913). 6th century.

BH-8533F9: BROOCH
A copper-alloy disc brooch, probably dating from the Late Early-Medieval period. The disc is of thin section, its upper surface decorated by a relief-moulded pattern, the nature of which is unclear. A perforation, located just off-centre, would appear to be a casting flaw. The pin attachment comprises a single right-angled lug with perforation for the now missing pin; it is located opposite, and at 90 degrees to, the catchplate. Width: 21.3mm; height: 21.7mm; thickness of plate: 1.7mm. Weight: 3.05g. The form of this brooch, particularly the configuration of pin attachment and catchplate, is typical of brooches of 10th to 11th centuries. Examples of brooches of this type bearing Saxon or Anglo-Scandinavian designs include PAS records LIN-5E7400 and NMS-C0F696.

NMS-C68333: BROOCH
Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, narrow and shallow sub-triangular-sectioned bow (flattened sides) with ovoid terminals both decorated with a diamond lattice of obliquely engraved lines, one with three in one direction and three in the other the other with three lines in one direction and two in the other. On the reverse a very high H-shaped pin lug with corroded fragment of an iron pin, and a curled rectangular-sectioned catchplate. Hubener 1972 Gruppe 1, Thorle 2001 Gruppe II. Length 44mm. Width 12mm. Height of pin lug 9mm. Weight 4.94g. 8th - 9th century.

NMS-C9464A: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform. The D-sectioned bow is broken at the top across the juction with the missing headplate and has a rectangular panel forming facets at both ends, both with remains of a transverse groove, the lower panel also has a single oval possible stamp. There are two transverse grooves at the upper end of the footplate and a grooved transverse moulding above a straight break. The catchplate is incomplete. The breaks are ancient. Extant length 29mm. Width 11mm. Weight 4.62g. c.450 - c.530 AD. Finder's no. P 390

NMS-6D77EF: BROOCH
One lobe or foil, decorated with a stylised acanthus motif with a double ribbed border, from a Late Saxon copper alloy Trefoil brooch of Maixner's (2005) Typ G1.3 . There is no pin attachment on the reverse, and it is not possible to establish whether the object was manufactured in Scandinavia or England (Kershaw 2013, 82-6). Length 15mm. Width 3.5mm. 10th century.

WMID-850FA9: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy brooch, of Early Medieval dating (AD 600 to AD 900). Around 25% of the brooch is present, consisting of part of the bow and an incomplete head plate. The head plate is now semi circular in plan, with abraded edges. Traces of diagonal ridges radiating outwards from the bow are present, but the rest of the decorative detail has been obscured. The bow descends from the centre of the lower edge of the head plate. It is triangular in cross section, with a raised rib running centrally down the length. The reverse of the head plate has two vertical semi-circular lugs positioned centrally, above the bow. These would have originally held the axis bar for the spring to be coiled around. Iron Corrosion products are present, obscuring the spring, if it is present. It measures 24.6 mm in length, 33.1 mm wide and 11.8 mm thick. It weighs 8.9 g. The brooch is a mid green to mid brown colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.

NMS-9E6DA2: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Saxon lead alloy rectangular plate brooch. The front is decorated with moulded transverse ribs and pellets. On the reverse there is a double pin lug with the remains of an iron pin loop. The very straight transverse break is probably recent. The pin lug is a Scandinavian trait (Kershaw 2013, fig. 2.1). Extant length 13mm. Width 16.5mm. Thickness, excluding lug, 3mm. 10th century.

SUR-DA9473: BROOCH
A complete early medieval circular gilded cast copper alloy button brooch. On the reverse is the corroded iron spring and pin. The face of the brooch is pitted with corrosion products and the central design, which is usually a devolved human face, is not readily comprehensible.

WAW-7514A5: BROOCH
A probable Early Medieval disc brooch: The copper alloy brooch is was originally circular in plan, but now is incomplete and has broken edges, which are not recent. In profile the brooch is slightly curved, with the outer face being concave and the underside convex, which may be due, slightly to damage rather than intention. The outer face may be decorated with an indistinguishable design as the surface is abraded and has lost the originally patina, of which there are only traces. The reverse of the brooch has two parallel perforated lugs at one edge which forms the hinge. There is a copper alloy axis bar and the remains of a copper alloy hinge which would form the pin. Opposite the hinge, on the opposite edge, there is the remains of a catchplate. The reverse surface of the brooch has an incomplete dark green patina. In diameter the brooch is 31.72mm, and in depth across the catchplate it is 7.2mm It weighs 4.2g. The brooch is probably a disc brooch dates to the Early Medieval period, most likely to the mid 5th to mid 6th centuries. MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 57) comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. Tinning is common on these brooches (especially the more highly-decorated examples), but gilding is not encountered, adding to the impression that they occupy a position complementary to that of the saucer and applied brooches of the more affluent sections of Saxon society...There are no obvious Continental prototypes for these brooches, which seem to have been an insular Anglo-Saxon development. As a whole the type tends to occur south of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Within this region the upper Thames Valley is particularly productive and may have formed a major production centre. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period.' MacGregor and Bolick 1993 A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections B.A.R. 120

DUR-844BCE: BROOCH
The foot plate of an incomplete early medieval brooch. The object is sub-triangular in plan and has the remains of a catchplate on the reverse which is undecorated. When viewing the front of the brooch there is a break at one of the points of the triangle and this is probably where the bow of the brooch was attached. The other two corners have two circular holes through the metal. Between each of the corners there is a break perhaps suggesting there were three projections from the foot plate. There is some unclear decoration in the form of a ring and dot motif. The original form of the brooch is unclear but may have been part of a cruciform brooch or possible a florid cruciform type.

SUR-85A2A1: BROOCH
The central decorative element from a circular enamelled brooch of late 10th to 11th century date (Saunderton type). The circular component is divided into a scrolling cruciform pattern with separate cells of red, blue and white glass made using a cloisonne technique set into a backing plate with integral raised sides. The rest of the brooch, catchplate and pin are missing. The brooch may have been gilded but there is no trace of gilding on this fragment.

NMS-00EB90: BROOCH
Early medieval gilt copper alloy mount, perhaps from harness or furniture, subsequently converted into a brooch with the addition of a pin lug and catchplate, and now in two pieces (break not ancient). In the centre a short bar links two halves, one circular with three lobes, the other trapezoidal with a lobe at each corner. In the centre of the former, within a recessed ring of curvilinear interlace, a round collet contains some pale yellowish material, probably fixative. The two lateral lobes depict animal masks which, though apparently complete, comprise no more than a pair of eyes and eyebrows. On the terminal lobe there is a more elaborate mask, with spiral eyes, ribbed snout and rounded nostrils. The connecting bar is decorated with three rectangular motifs, the central parts of which have been removed by abrasion along a raised rib. On the trapezoidal half four triangular panels recessed between the arms of a saltire are filled with angular interlace. Each arm is divided longitudinally with one half ribbed and the other with a median groove. All four terminate in rounded lobes in the form of animal heads. A short high catchplate has been riveted through the rounded half, slightly off-centre and near the springing of the terminal lobe. Close by and placed centrally there is the stump of a rectangular means of attachment, filed almost flat and flush with the surface. A double pin lug has been similarly inserted very close to the opposite end. Length 66.5mm. Width 37.5mm. Weight 24.24g. Made in Ireland or Scotland in the 8th century and reused as a brooch between c.850 and c.950 by a craftsman working in the Anglo-Scandinavian tradition.

NMS-46CB20: BROOCH
Small fragment of the headplate of an Early Saxon great square-headed brooch of Hines' (1997) Group XVI. It consists of approximately one half of the inner panel, one half of the second panel and a small remnant of the headplate frame. The breaks all the way around the edge are not recent. The inner and second panels are decorated with geometric patterns in relief: the inner panel contains a hollow square within a rectilinear frame and the second panel has s-shaped scrolls along the bottom, side and top and a square pellet in the top right-hand corner. It's divided from the headplate frame by a raised border which is itself decorated by closely spaced short transverse punches. The remnant of the headplate frame is decorated with fine dot punches and a very fine border of joined lozenge shapes, creating a chequer effect within a narrow strip. On the reverse of the piece there is the base of a single pin lug, which stands just about two millimetres high, and is broken and worn. No trace of the perforation or the pin survives. Length 28.0mm, width 28.0mm, thickness 5.0mm. Weight 9g. c. 525 - 570AD This fragment corresponds very closely to an almost complete piece illustrated in Hines (1997) plate 58 (b).

KENT-B5DD47: BROOCH
Gilded cast copper alloy button brooch. The brooch is incomplete; although its central front panel is in relatively good condition, the rim is missing. The gilding on the front survives well, apart from some areas of high relief. The moulded face on the front of the brooch is comprised of 7 different elements. There is an asymmetrical helmet decorated with beading, and immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows with upturned ends. The centre of the eyebrows join to a narrow nose which flares out slightly at the nostrils. The eyes are small and rounded; there is a curved eye-ring below the right eye, extending down from the eyebrow, but no corresponding eye-ring below the left eye. The cheeks are full and angled. The face has an open mouth above a curved 'chin' decorated with beading. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a raised decorative border which carries a line of beading. This border is incomplete, an area to the top left being damaged. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a pin lug and a catchplate, the latter having a small amount of iron corrosion around it, implies that an iron pin was originally attached to the brooch. The pin was positioned across the face, with the pin lug at 269 degrees and the catchplate at 89 degrees; these angles correspond to the face of the brooch as opposed to the reverse so they are comparable with the measurements from Avent and Evison's research. Probably an example of Avent and Evisons' Class A Miscellaneous, although the helmet is not very pointed, which might push this example towards Class B.

SUR-E2A8E7: BROOCH
A Late Saxon cloisonne-enamelled disc brooch, gilded both on front and back. The brooch is circular and originally had seven equally-spaced lobed projections (one is now missing) with hollows for a missing inlay. The hinge and catchplate were made from soldered strips and both survive though they are damaged. The enamelled cells are separated by seven thin strips of copper alloy which hold in place nine glass components which together make up a symmetrical design based on a pair of lobes with opposed spirals. This design is typically found in Scandinavian inspired metalwork of the 11th century. The colours of the glass are dark blue, light blue, and white glass. The white glass contains patches of light blue. This is the first brooch of its type known to have been found in Surrey. Other examples come from Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Essex, Kent, Lincolnshire, London and Suffolk. They are thought to have been of insular workmanship. Similar examples on this Database include LIN-629513 and SF-0D8DC2. Another similar example is SUSS-02A267.

SWYOR-0A3637: BROOCH
A copper alloy detachable knob from an Early Medieval cruciform brooch dating from the 5th century. It is 20.6mm long and 10.3mm in diameter. It consists of a flattened domed terminal decorated with thee incised lines round the base. Beneath this the knob is waisted and then there is another disc, the edge of which is also decorated with three similar lines. Beneath the disc is an oval projection which would have been attached to the head of the brooch. The oval part is also decorated with three similar lines. Compare NMS-957207 for a knob in situ.

BERK-A3F84E: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Anglo Saxon saucer brooch dating from c. AD 450 - 550. The fragment approximates one sixth of the whole and contains some of the angled rim. The design has an outer circumferential panel of basketwork decoration and an angular interior design, which appears to show a repeated 'dog-leg' pattern with multiple toes (see Macgregor and Bolick 1993:54 no. 2.54 (found at Abingdon, Oxon) for comparison). There is the remnant of the catch plate is retained on the reverse.

NMS-CED3CD: BROOCH
Very unusual incomplete Early Saxon elaborate cast lead-alloy side-knob from a possible florid cruciform brooch, part of mask with prominent eyes, brow and nose, with a projection from the nose continuing beyond the broken outer edge. Stumps of two transverse perforated lugs for hinge pin on flat reverse. Extant length 17.5mm, width 12mm, 4mm thick (excluding stumps of lugs). Weighs 2.96g. Leeds and Pocock (1971) Group V. Cf. LEIC-941403, on which Kevin Leahy comments that although lead brooches are not common, the object 'fits into an emerging pattern of early Anglo-Saxon lead objects'. c.AD 510-550.

DENO-E12AFC: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy cruciform brooch of the Early Medieval period, dating from c. AD 450 - c. AD 600. Only the top part of the foot survives, consisting of the intact flat panel and lappets on either side, the catchplate on the reverse missing its curl. The head plate, the bow and the pin are missing, presumed lost in antiquity. The fragment is broadly T-shaped in plan, and broadly D shaped in section. The flat panel is a raised square with two broadly trapezium shaped projections or lappets on either side, the right lappet has been broken, presumed in antiquity. Below the flat panel are two transverse ribs which form the top of the horse-head terminal. The top rib has been decorated with two horizontal and evenly spaced grooves etched into the surface. The rib below has been decorated with one horizontal groove. The decoration on the ribs is only visible at the sides of the brooch. Below these ribs is a rectangular shaft, which tapers slightly towards the base. There are two circular depressions alligned diagonally, one in the centre and one below and to the right of the brooch, which appear to be flaws in the metal or areas of corrosion or damage. Below this is a shallow groove in the surface followed by two raised circular pellets alligned horizontally across the bow, which represent the eyes of the horse. Below this the brooch tapers slightly then flares out to form a fan shaped base consisting of two broadly triangular projections either side of a central raised square. These represent the snout and nostrils of the horse. At the very tip of the brooch is an incised semi circle, and there is a semi circular depression right at the edge, possibly denoting the nose of a zoomorphic design, however this is difficult to see clearly due to plough damage and corrosion. The reverse has a shallow semi circular groove running down the centre of the brooch, and is undecorated aside from the incomplete catchplate protruding from behind the flat panel. The brooch measures 46.9 mm in length and is 28.6 mm wide. It has a maximum thickness of 10.0 mm (when including the rectangular projection on the reverse) and is 4.7 mm thick at the top of the horse head terminal. It weighs 14.1 g. The brooch is a mid to dark green in colour with an even patina. There are some traces of gold coloured gilding on the surface. Abrasion caused by movement whilst within the plough soil has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface detail and some damage to the brooch. Other similar examples of this type of brooch have been recorded on the database including YORYM-8D0E57 and LIN-142E13.

YORYM-7AD8F4: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 450 - 600. All that remains is the head plate with two of the three integral protruding knops. The head plate is square and undecorated. The lower and left edges are broken and worn. Two narrow D-shaped and sectioned knops extend centrally from the remaining complete edges, both with a waisted collar and transverse grooved ridge at the junction between plate and knop. The knop to the right is bent backward slightly. To the centre of the reverse of the plate the remains of an integral loop project which would have acted at a hinge for the pin. The metal has a dark brown patina and is worn. The brooch is 42.5mm long, 42.1mm wide, 6.5mm thick and weighs 12.7g. Similar examples are illustrated in EAA 84, p.132, fig.16.

PUBLIC-B4F29D: BROOCH
A mostly complete copper alloy early Medieval disc brooch. The outer face is divided into four quarters with crossed double lines with a line of dots in between. Further parallel lines of dots run outside these lines with two on each side. Two parallel diagonal lines of dots run through each quarter. A single line of dots circles the outside edge. There is a plate and loop attached to the back of sub- rectangular plan. The loop protrudes outwards and is incomplete.

KENT-B67EC2: BROOCH
An incomplete unusual Early-Medieval copper alloy brooch, likely to be half of an equal-arm brooch, possibly dating to the 5th to 6th century AD. The brooch consists of the head-plate and approximately half of the bow, the rest has been broken off in antiquity. The head-plate is rectangular, with some damage on the left edge and appears to have a small chip-carved face. Below the face, the bow extends upwards at a steep angle. The bow has a raised central rib and raised border with a small triangle on either side of the bow. The central rib and border creates two sub-rectangular panels on either side of the rib with a matching pair of beasts; only the animal's heads are discernible and the facial features consist of a prominent brow-ridge, pointed ears, circular pellet eyes and prominent jaw, with possible lips or teeth visible on one of the panels. The creatures have elongated necks with the bow break across this part of the animal. The bow itself is rounded with the central rib forming the highest point of the arc. The front of the brooch has traces of gilding, particularly on the head-plate and animal heads. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated and has two integrally cast attachment lugs extending from the head-plate, these are incomplete and damaged due to old breaks. The brooch measures 27.5 mm in length, 25.4 mm wide, 8.5 mm thick and weighs 13.4 g.

HAMP-B8E6BC: BROOCH
A flat circular copper-alloy object which may be an early Anglo-Saxon disc brooch dating to the 5th or 6th century. The object consists of just the flat circular plate of the brooch, with the hinge, catchplate and pin all missing. The disc has a central circular perforation surrounded by five concentric circles and regularly notched, though very worn, edges. To the reverse the disc is plain but a large rectangular scar is visible, parallel to the edge of the brooch and about halfway between the centre and the edge. The disc measures c.23.3mm in diameter, is 1.57mm thick and weighs 3.16g. Although the decoration on this disc is consistent with its identification as an early Anglo-Saxon disc brooch, its small size is unusual and its lack of pin fixings strange. The scar on the reverse is not in the correct place for a pin lug or catchplate; in the early Anglo-Saxon period these should be both smaller and placed perpendicular to the edge of the brooch.

NMGW-DD2C4E: BROOCH
Early medieval copper-alloy long brooch of cruciform type and of Early Anglo-Saxon date, probably of mid-5th to mid-6th century date. The brooch is fragmentary, represented by the incomplete head and bow only (with a surviving length of 45.7mm, a depth of 16.8mm and a weight of 12.4g). The missing spring was secured around a single pierced lug on the rear of the central panel. Traces of iron corrosion around the lug indicate that an iron spring and pin were used. The head is incomplete, missing one side knob and much of the wing with an ancient break and rounding of fractures possibly suggesting evidence of burning (with a surviving width of 34.5mm and an original width of approximately 45mm). The top knob and remaining side knob are integral to the head and are have globular terminals, flat on the rear. The top knob is marked by three ribs adjacent to central panel, while the side knob has a double rib. The surviving wing appears to have had projections at its base and top but there is no applied decoration evident on the brooch fragment. The central panel is slightly raised from the wings (with a thickness of 2.2mm compared to 1.6mm). There is a transverse moulding at the top of the bow, now worn and corroded. The bow (with a width of 10.4mm) has some faceting to produce a central ridge and has broken before the foot. The surface has a pale-to-mid-green patina.

LEIC-DE38A8: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy Small Long brooch of cross potent form dating to the mid 5th- 6th century AD (450 - 550 AD), 55mm long, 28mm wide and 7mm thick. The brooch is complete, except for its pin and damage to edges of head plate, and weighs 11.02grams. The brooch consists of a square plate with three semi-circular projections, forming a trefoil shaped head. The reverse of this contains an incomplete semi-circular pin attachment. The bow is plain and has a D shaped cross-section. It curves upwards, forming an arch before returning to a flat alignment where its reverse holds, a now incomplete, catchplate. The brooch is similar to fig. 15.74, p.144 in MacGregor, A. and Bolick, E 'a summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections'

YORYM-33D44D: BROOCH
A fragment from an Early-Medieval copper alloy cruciform or small-long brooch, dating from 450-550 AD. This fragment includes a tiny part of the flat head of the brooch which has broken off millimetres above the curving bow. The upper end of the bow has a raised flat-topped T-shaped detail. There is a diamond-shaped notch cut into either end of the horizontal bar of the T. The stem of the T tapers and runs into the ridge which run down the centre of the bow. The bow is heavily arched and broken part was along its length. Looking at the reverse shows the bow to be very concave. Both upper and lower breaks are worn. Looking at the bow from the front, the right hand side has suffered some damage leaving a rough edge and nick out of the front face towards the top. This appears as a bright spot of green against the darker green patina seen on the rest of the object. No surface decoration is visible. The concave reverse still contains some soil. This object measures 26.36mm x 15.89mm x 4.85mm and weighs 7.77g.

NMS-B1D949: BROOCH
Fragment of footplate from a gilt copper alloy great square-headed brooch, which is corroded and broken at both ends. Part of one side is extant, with part of the side lobe but the probable silver sheet appliqué is missing. The median bar is plain and is bordered by twin rows of stamped ring-and-dots. The extant inner panel has a single central ring-and-dot and there is a row of ring-and-dots on the inner panel frame, which is perforated and contains the corroded remains of an iron rivet with another in the surviving scrap of the footplate lower border, representing a repair. Extant length 40mm. Extant width 40mm. Footplate bar 2.5mm thick. Weighs 12.30g. The breaks are not recent. Hines 1997 Group XVI. Mid 6th century.

BERK-B3C3A3: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper-alloy saucer brooch of Early-Medieval/Anglo-Saxon date. Approximately three-quarters of the brooch is missing; the surviving fragment consists of a small area of outer rim, the central raised boss and some internal decoration, of the five-pointed star variety. The remains of the catch plate or possibly the single pin lug is retained on the reverse. Stylistically, the brooch is decorated with a raised central boss that may have had a small insert in the cup-like terminal. The outer field is decorated with moulded circumferential lines while within this is a (probable) five-pointed star formed of double concaved arcs. The brooch was probably gilded however none of this now survives. This saucer brooch is very similar to examples from Oxfordshire published by the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (MacGregor and Bolick, 1993:46-47 nos. 2.21-2.23). All three of these examples were excavated from female graves. Broadly speaking, saucer brooches are focused on the Upper Thames region and belong largely to the fifth and sixth centuries AD.

SUR-B5AF57: BROOCH
An early medieval (cAD450-550) gilded copper-alloy button brooch (Suzuki 2008). The corroded reverse of the brooch retains the remains of an iron spring. The worn front is decorated with a male face mask. The brooch pin is missing.

HAMP-C95CE7: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the 5th century. It consists of a fragment of the bow, a square headplate which extends upwards into a collar, constriction, then full-round knob, and a lug for the spring to the reverse. The foot, catchplate, spring and pin are all missing. The square headplate has narrow side wings which have been folded back behind it. There is a transverse ridge at the junction of the headplate and bow and a slight central ridge on the bow. The bow extends out of the headplate at an arched angle and terminates in an old break. The brooch is 29.95mm long, 8.65mm wide and 7.23mm thick. It weighs 2.95g. More Early Cruciform brooches are illustrated in EAA 84, p.304, fig.145, in particular a similar fragment no.16, all of which are dated to the 5th Century.

HAMP-F18097: BROOCH
Two fragments of an Early Medieval copper alloy small square-headed brooch dating to the 6th Century AD. One fragment consists of the head-plate, bow and a fragment of the foot plate, while the other consists of a larger fragment of the foot plate (together they would form one complete fragment). The foot terminal is missing, as is the pin. All breaks are old and worn except the one between the two fragments which is recent. The head-plate is rectangular with the peripheral border almost entirely missing and with one wing folded back to the reverse. If anything remains of the lug it is obscured by the folded head-plate. The head-plate has raised rectangular moulding, within which a raised line follows the outline and encloses a single horizontal line. From this extends the gently arched bow, carinated in front and flat to the reverse, which then flattens and widens again to form the foot plate. A single decorative scheme unites all these elements: the raised rectangular moulding on the head-plate narrows to form a border on the bow and foot plate, while a thick central rib runs vertically from the head plate down the bow to the foot where it forms a cruciform pattern with a central lozenge. More vertical ribs decorate the bow which then turn into decorative patterns in the upper angles of the foot plate. On what remains of the lower angles of the foot plate there appear to be circular mouldings and motifs of raised dots. It is possible that the foot incorporates Salin's Style I zoomorphic forms or elements of face-masks, but the condition of the brooch makes this difficult to determine. There is a fragment of the catchplate to the reverse of the foot-plate. Together the fragments are c.31mm long (22.23mm and 11.33mm). It is 11.7mm wide at the head, 7.82mm wide at the bow and 16.7mm wide at the foot. The brooch is 8.44mm thick and weighs 3.77g. The metal has a dark grey patina with a small patch of bright-green corrosion on the foot plate. The whole brooch would probably have been gilded. Similar small square-headed brooches are published in MacGregor and Bolick (1993) pp.120-4. This one in particular bears a resemblance to nos. 14.6-14.8.

NMS-2BE4CF: BROOCH
Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch with the outer parts of the headplate and the footplate terminal missing (ancient breaks). Little more than the trapezoidal panel remains of the headplate. On its pockmarked surface there are traces of possible punched impressions. The bow is D-sectioned with, at the top, a rectangular panel forming facets but only a transverse groove at the base. The upper part of the footplate tapers to a thickening that may have been a half-round moulding. On the reverse traces of the iron spring adheres to the single pin lug and the catchplate lacks its turned over end. Extant length and width 46 and 15.3mm. Weight 9.96g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

LON-7F2492: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Medieval, Anglo-Saxon small long brooch, 6th century. All that remains of the brooch is the head plate with hinge and the arch. The plate is square with incised triangles cut into the edges, the top right corner of the brooch has been bent over. The brooch has broken below the bow arch and the pin is missing. Parallels can be found in Hattatt 2000 fig.235 no.667 and Macgregor and Bolick 1993 no.15.24-26. Length: 29.79mm Width: 24.47mm Weight: 10.5g Ref: Hattatt, R. 2000. A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books., Oxford MacGregor, A. & Bolick, E. 1993. A summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections (non-ferrous metals). British Archaeological Reports: British Series 230.

NMS-24D39B: BROOCH
Fragment of early Saxon copper alloy small long brooch. The fragment consists of the lower foot part of the brooch with a small part of the bow attached. The break has occurred across transverse grooves at the base of the bow section. Halfway along the foot section there is a widened group of four transverse grooves and between this and the bow a further set of two. The section below the middle grooves is flared outwards and terminates in a narrow thickened band decorated with longitudinal grooves across its full width. From the base of the bow to the end of the foot the section is faceted with a flat top and angled sides. On the reverse positioned between the end of the bow and the mid grooves is a perpendicular sub-rectangular catchplate. Circa 500-600 AD.

YORYM-BB4096: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy cloisonne enamelled brooch dating to the Late Anglo-Saxon period (900 AD - 1100 AD). The brooch is flat and circular with an incomplete border. Several specks of gilding can be seen on the border, and it appears to have consisted of two concentric circular ridges. The pattern is marked out by copper alloy cells and consists of seven semi-circles of blue enamel which form a scalloped edge. The very centre of the brooch is decorated with a small red enamel square, and the area between this square and the scalloped edge is filled with blue enamel. The reverse of the brooch is flat with several patches of gilding surviving. Remains of the catchplate can be seen, but the pin is missing. The metal has a light green and uneven patina. The brooch is 19.5 mm in diameter, 4.4 mm thick, and weighs 3.2 g. A similar design can be seen in Hattatt (2000, p.379, no. 1315) and on the PAS database: LON-08B190. Reference: Hattatt, R., 2000 A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches Oxford : Oxbow Books.

LIN-CEFBD3: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy S shaped brooch, dating to the period c.AD 500-600. The brooch comprises the upper terminal which is broadly circular in plan and narrows to the main body of the 'S' which terminates in a worn break. A broadly oval aperture is present in the centre of the round terminal. Decoration consists of annulets arranged in diagonal lines across the body and curving around the edge of the aperture. The reverse is flat and undecorated, with the pin attachment present at the upper terminal above the aperture. Heavy iron corrosion is present around this attachment. A green patina is on the surface. The brooch measure 32.94mm in length, 25.17mm in width at its widest and 16.30mm at its narrowest, 2.46mm in thickness and weighs 7.11g. Cf. LIN-AEE2E4 on the database.

LIN-CFA006: BROOCH
An incomplete early Anglo-Saxon brooch, probably a cruciform, dating to the period c. AD 500-600. The brooch comprises only the head as the bow, foot, pin attachment, pin and catchplate are missing. Part of the headplate survives, but both side knobs are missing; the breaks are worn. The top knob survives, and this was cast in one with the headplate. It is half-round but slightly convex on the reverse, with a central waist above which is a rounded terminal decorated with two incised triangles whose lower inner points almost converge at the front centre of the terminal. Beneath the waist is a moulded transverse band with an incised groove bordering its upper and lower limits.The reverse is flat and undecorated; no lug survives. A green patina is present on the surface. The brooch measures 19.53mm in length, 20.97mm in width, 1.57mm in thickness at the headplate and 4.99mm in thickness at the knob. It weighs 4.18g. Compare LIN-DAA9F7.

LIN-D00066: BROOCH
An incomplete Anglo-Saxon small long brooch dating to the period c. AD 500-600. The brooch comprises only the head and pin attachment as the bow, foot, pin and catchplate are missing. The centre of the head is square in plan, with three integrally cast knops projecting from the top and sides. Theese are broadly rectangular in plan, with the upper knop narrower than the side knops. Sections of the side knops are missing due to worn breaks. The lower edge of the head terminates in a worn break, part of which projects forwards slightly to commence the curve of the bow. Decoration consists of an incised square bordering the central area and traces of ring and dot decoration can be discerned in the upper left corner of the square. The reverse is flat and undecorated with an integral projection for pin attachment placed on a longitudinal axis. This projection in semicircular in profile, with a transverse aperture. A green patina is present on the surface. The brooch measures 25.50mm in length, 27.16mm in width, 2.29mm in thickness and weighs 8.40g. Cf. DENO-787AE4, LIN-47CDCA and LIN-1577E1 on the database.

WILT-D3C76C: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy disc brooch of the early medieval period missing pin, part of the catchplate and part of hinge lug. The brooch is circular in plan and decorated with a central ring and pin motif surrounded by four similar ring and dot motifs. The catchplate is present and the single looped hinge lug is broken. The brooch measures 36.95mm in diameter, 5.61mm thick (maximum including catchplate) and weighs 9.11 grams.

SWYOR-D3D07A: BROOCH
An incomplete, copper alloy, small-long brooch of early medieval date, about AD 500 - 600. The remaining portion consists of the lower bow and the foot; the upper parts have all broken away and are missing with a patinated break. The lower bow and foot are rectangular sectioned with a flared triangular teminal. The bow is decorated with pairs of transverse grooves. The flared terminal has a border of punched crescents. The catch plate remains in place (but incomplete). The brooch has a smooth, grey green patina. It is 35mm long, 12.6mm wide and 13.7mm thick. 3.99g. Compare similar brooches illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick, 1993,Ashmolean Museum, A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections, pages 128 - 129.

NMS-F15225: BROOCH
Distorted fragment, approximatetely one quarter, of a copper-alloy sheet disc decorated with two small repoussé bosses and three pointed-oval shapes formed from slightly wavy engraved lines. Perhaps part of a Late Saxon disc brooch which would have had a pin lug and catchplate attached to the reverse with solder. The complete disc would have displayed five such bosses around a central one, all linked by lentoids to depict a cinquefoil. This is a variation on the eight peripheral bosses seen on a silver brooch from the late 9th-century Beeston Tor hoard (Wilson 1964, 120-1, pl. XI no. 3), on the early 11th-century Sutton brooch, also of silver (ibid., 174-7, pl. XXX1 no. 83), on a 9th / 10th-century pewter brooch from the Thames (ibid., 178-9, pl. XXXII no. 88),and on a silver example from Bredfield, Suffolk, which has been dated to the 11th century (SF-92B213). There is no additonal decoration on the present fragment to assist in dating, but a range similar to that of the Bredfield piece is perhaps most likely. Diameter (estimated) c.35mm.Thickness 0.5mm. 11th century.

Fragment of a Middle Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, rounded terminal with traces of possible geometric decoration obscured by corrosion. Stump of D-sectioned bow, transverse H-shaped pin lug on reverse. Thörle 2001 Gruppe II A. Surviving length 15.5mm. Width 12mm. 8th century.

Late early-medieval tinned copper alloy disc brooch, cast Borre style decoration comprising concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots, circular sunken field in centre. On the reverse there is a catchplate aligned with the outside edge. The opposed outside edge is broken across two secondary perforations (a probabale repair) near part of the stump of the missing pin-lug aligned with the outside edge. The face of the brooch is very worn and corroded. Diameter 30mm. This is a common 10th-century brooch type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2009 East Anglian Series Type I.

Less than one half of a Middle Saxon to Late Saxon white-metal coated (tinned or silvered) copper alloy Ansate brooch, one arm with an incomplete double pin lug on the reverse, and part of the bow. The front would have been divided into five square or rectangular areas surrounded by low ribs and containing many fine transverse engraved grooves bisected by a single longitudinal groove. Two such areas and part of a third on the top of the bow are extant. At the terminal an additional narrow transverse zone contains a row of very short oblique lines. There is a very small lateral lobe at both ends of each transverse rib. Length more than 23mm. Width 13.5mm. Thörle 2002, Tafel 53-4, Gruppe XI B 2. Other finds of this type in England include examples from Grimston, Norfolk (HER 3579), Narford, Norfolk (HER 54758, NMS-20C9A3), Thelnetham, Suffolk (HER 016) and Lewes, East Sussex (SUSS-040CE0). 9th century.

Copper alloy, glass and enamel disc brooch comprising a back plate with six equidistant knops of 4.5mm diameter, each with a collet retaining a rounded stone or bead (one is lost) of between 1.3 and 2.4mm diameter. The smallest stone is dark translucent blue, the next (viewed clockwise) is opaque sky blue, then white (the largest stone), opaque or marbled sky blue, and finally a clear translucent stone revealing a reflective and possibly silvered backing. Brazed to the back plate is a circular cloisonné setting with a rim of height circa 3mm within which a border of six semi-circular cells define an irregularly six pointed star with a central round compartment. The semi-circular cells are filled with thick (at least 1.2mm thick where it is revealed by loss of part of the rim) dark blue enamel, the star-shaped field with marbled sky blue and white enamel, and the central cell with semi-opaque white glass. The centre of the latter element is lightly chipped. The cloisonné cell borders and the back plate retain extensive traces of gilding. Provision for fastening comprises a curled catch plate and a pair of lugs which retain the axis bar on which is looped a drawn wire pin of diameter 0.8mm and length circa 16mm. This is a well preserved Late Saxon brooch form, of which several examples are displayed at North Lincolnshire Museum; from Swallow, Horkstow and Elsham. See Buckton 1986 for a discussion of the type. The quality of cloisonné work falls short of that of earlier garnet settings. The effect of the polychrome enamel and stones is immediately striking, but the survival of the delicate wire pin is perhaps as important and must argue an essentially decorative function for this light piece - it could not have functioned as a dress fastener. The 12th-century text ascribed to the monk Theophilus includes an early reference to the use of a perforated plate for drawing wire, but this earlier object must also have been equipped with a pin made in this way. Early Medieval, 950-1050. Diameter (knop to knop): 26.3mm, Thickness (clear of pin gear): 5.2mm, Weight: 5.45gms.

Lead Alloy brooch. Cast disc or plate Brooch. The display face bears a design of fine lines and pellets in relief, comprising a central pellet, a pellet with a nimbate border above it and one triangular group of radial lines opposite, flanked by two groups of circumferential lines edged by an upper laddered border. This schematic motif may represent a spread eagle, or perhaps a human figure in a gown with arms aloft; the size would make it possible that this motif was intended to resemble an early medieval gold coin. The reverse bears a pair of aligned loops with a drilled aperture of diameter 3.5mm to retain a pin (now lost). The disc is lightly concavo-convex, with the display face being the concave one. Patinated overall. Probably Anglo-Scandinavian, Early Medieval, 900-1000. Diameter: 21.1mm, Thickness: 1.6mm, Weight: 6.23gms.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch, bow only, hollow-backed with median arris, one end missing, the other end broken across V-shaped flattening which merges with a scrap of the rectangular panel forming facets. Surviving length 27mm. Width 20mm. Late 5th-early 6th century.

NMS-9B9D85: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon molten copper alloy cruciform brooch, foot with break across a broad transverse groove with vertical median groove and line bordering surviving lower edge, protruding eyes, one with attached droplets of molten metal, scrolled nostrils, flared muzzle with rib at straight terminal. Surviving length 44mm. Width 24, excluding molten distortion 18mm. Late 5th-early 6th century.

NMS-9CBA90: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon molten copper alloy cruciform brooch, foot with break above transverse mouldings, a narrow projecting brow, protruding eyes, the nostrils are damaged and worn. No sign of catchplate at slightly molten broken uppen end. Surviving length 42mm. Width 10mm. Late 5th-early 6th century.

Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small Long brooch: granular recent break across upper end of bow with twin engraved vertical median lines, rectangular panel forming facets is decrated with horizontal engraved lines and a line of double lunate stamps. Foot with twin lines on rectangular panel above faceted sides and a grooved transverse moulding. Spatulate foot with double lunate stamps bordering chamfered sides and slight rib at straight end. Broken catchplate on reverse with corroded fragment of iron pin on inner face and solder on outer face from probable repair. Surviving length 51mm. Width at foot 19mm. Late 5th-early 6th century.

NMS-B57361: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch,a fragment of the headplate and an integrally cast half-round knob, probably from the top. On the latter an incomplete terminal is decorated with a transverse row of punched annulets. Probably Å berg 1926 Group IV. Extant length and width 20mm and 15.5mm. Early 6th century.

NMS-EFD8F7: BROOCH
Slightly less than half an Early Saxon copper alloy Annular brooch with one of the breaks across a pin constriction. There is no decoration. The breaks are not recent. External diameter 42mm. Internal diameter 30mm. Thickness 2mm. 6th century.

YORYM-13B34C: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 450 - 600. All that remains of the brooch is a zoomorphic terminal, possibly in the form of a horse's head. The terminal comprises a D-sectioned ovate panel with three transverse ribbed ridges at the upper end. Above the uppermost ridge is a worn break. Lobed knops protrude to either side of the mid-point of the plate, below the ridges, representing the eyes of the beast. At the lower terminal of the plate are two flat, comma-shaped expansions (one of which is reversed), which represent flared nostrils. An integral attachment loop, at right angles to the plate, projects from between the nostrils though is incomplete due to worn breaks. The reverse of the brooch is slightly concaved and worn. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The brooch fragment is 52.8mm long, 23.6mm wide, 6.3mm thick and weighs 19.7g. Similar examples are illustrated in EEA 84 (1998), p.305, fig.146, no's 2 & 3 and two examples are recorded on the PAS database. See: WMID-702904 and YORYM-7C7427.

YORYM-13ED43: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 450 - 600. All that remains is the head plate with three integral protruding knops. The head plate is square with a raised rectangular panel at the centre which extends from the upper to lower edge. A worn break is present at this point on the lower edge from which the bow would have extended. Three D-shaped and sectioned knops extend centrally from each remaining complete edge with a waisted collar and transverse grooved ridge at the junction between plate and knop. To the reverse of the plate, at the centre of the lower edge, an integral loop remains which would have acted at a hinge for the pin. This area is coated in a layer of iron corrosion. The metal has a shiny green patina and is worn. The brooch is 47.6mm long, 33.2mm wide, 7.1mm thick and weighs 11.7g.

HAMP-2773FB: BROOCH
A complete early early-medieval (Anglo Saxon) copper-alloy pin from Type F penannular brooch, dating to the period 410-700. The pin's loop is in the form of a hollow cylindrical or drum-shaped element, presumably cast as one with the shaft. The loop is circular in cross-section and measures 8.41mm in diameter and 11.07mm in length. It is 1.89mm thick. There are prominent rims at either open end, a wide furrow next to each and at the centre two ridges to either side of a raised area. Where the shaft extends from the loop, this central raised area is widest, the two ridges to either side diverging around it. However on the opposite side of the loop the ridges are parallel and the central area the same width. The pin measures 62.34mm in length and 3.02mm in width, tapering to a point. Approximately halfway down the shaft there is a slight bend. In total, the pin measures 70.89mm in length and 11.07mm at the widest point. The weight is 5.59g. The patina is blue-green in colour, very smooth (particularly around the loop and top of the shaft) and worn along the lower shank. Leahy (2000, p71) suggests that bends such as these in pins were deliberate, and relate to the way in which they were worn. With thanks to Anna Booth for the identification of this object type.

NMS-E825F4: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, a Small-long or a Cruciform, an incomplete bow broken at both ends, one across a rectangular panel. The cross-section is triangular, with a strong median arris and a flat reverse. Extant length 23.4mm. Width 15.2mm. Weight 7.71g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-2B2F6F: BROOCH
Incomplete footplate of an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch with a non-recent break. The collar or half-round moulding consists of narrow transverse ribs. The eyes are prominent and triangular and a medium arris leads down to a chevron-topped terminal. Extant length 29.5mm, width 10.6mm, weight 4.72g. c.450 - c.500.

NMS-2B70AA: BROOCH
Slightly less than half of an Early Saxon cast copper alloy annular brooch, D-sectioned with an iron-stained pin constriction. Near one break there is a single transverse rib and near the other a group of three transverse ribs and two grooves. The breaks are quite recent. Diameter 42mm, thickness 1.9mm, weight 3.52g. c.500 - c.550.

NMS-2BF1CD: BROOCH
Incomplete probably Continental copper alloy enamelled disc brooch of the Middle Saxon or Late Saxon period, with, on the reverse, the stumps of a single pin lug and catchplate, both aligned at right angles to the edge. The front is decorated with an outer annular cell and an inner equal-armed cross with a reserve central dot. Some decayed enamel survives including some specks of red. Diameter 22.1mm, thickness without pin fixings 2mm, weight 4.81g. 9th - 10th century. Compare NLM-8B6F36, a very similar brooch retaining enamel.

YORYM-97C86B: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date. All that remains of the brooch is a spatulate zoomorphic stylized terminal, possibly a crude horses head. The terminal comprises a rectangular central panel to either side of which rounded lobes project with incised spirals on the upper surface. Possibly representing a nose and flared nostrils. A raised central rib runs along the rectangular panel, projecting slightly from the lower edge, and terminating in a worn break. The reverse is slightly concaved with a shorter ridge paralleling that on the front. A small hole due to wear is present through the left nostril. The metal has a mid-brownish-green patina and is worn. The brooch fragment is 22.7mm long, 26.8mm wide, 4.9mm thick and weighs 7.8g. Similar examples are illustrated in EEA 84 (1998), p.305, fig.146, no's 2 & 3.

SUSS-7F48D1: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Early Medieval disc brooch; attributed to early Anglo-Saxon usage, c. 5th-6th centuries AD. The brooch is a large, flat-sectioned circular disc measuring 33.6 mm in diameter, with decoration consisting of a centre point around which a scriber has been rotated around to create a circle (11 mm diameter) and a larger circle closely following the perimeter of the disc (30.3 mm diameter). No further decoration is visible, except for sparse indications of surface tinning. On the reverse surface, two sub-rectangular lugs are attached to the perimeter edge of the disc, positioned across the diameter of the brooch from one another; it is unclear due to corrosion which one of these 'lugs' represents the pin hinge and which represents the pin catch, or whether this could be a double-hinged version. A segment of the iron pin is attached to both 'lugs', with tapering pin; one pin segment measures 6.78 mm long and 2.2 mm thick with a lug thickness of 3.77 mm; the other pin segment measures 16.7 mm long and 3.37 mm thick with a lug thickness of 3.4 mm. The front surface of the brooch is in relatively poor condition; in spite of some areas having a mottled dark green patina and holding indications of tinning, an area on the front surface coinciding to the axis of the iron pin is rough in texture and reddish brown in colour. This is perhaps due to the thinness of the brooch face itself in contrast to the thickness and level of corrosion of the pin. For a discussion on similar types of Early Medieval Disc Brooches, see MacGregor and Bolick 1993, pp57-68.

SUSS-7FAB24: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy gilded Early Medieval brooch, of Anglo-Saxon Small Square-headed Brooch type, c. 475-575 AD. The remains of the brooch comprise of the upper portion of the catchplate, which is sub-rectangular in plan, with abbreviated lateral lobes and cusped projections above, ultimately tapering below towards the terminal, now missing. The decorative scheme on this fragment would have been continuous from the segments above and below. It consists of a raised cruciform pattern positioned centrally in the segment, which terminates in old breaks at the top and bottom of the fragment and widens into a series of concentric half-rings at the lateral ends, which are also truncated by old breaks; the centre of the raised cruciform design is an incised ring-and-dot. All four outer edges created by the central design have a further curved, raised line following the interior angles of the cruciform shape. The two upper cusped projections are semi-crescentic in plan and are filled with a Style I zoomorphic motif, which is difficult to interpret due to wear in this area. The lower two angles have a further raised line following the contours of the central cross and raised ridge mentioned above. Gilding is evident in all of these areas and it seems that the front surface of the brooch would have been fully covered with gilded decoration; no traces of niello inlay common to these brooches remains. The reverse surface is undecorated, but the sub-rectangular catchplate is intact, with a small inward-curving outer edge to hold the pin. The catchplate is positioned centrally in the upper half of the fragment. The brooch missing its rectangular head-plate and hinge, pin, arched bow and the rest of the catchplate, including the foot. All of the brooch body elements would have been further decorated and gilded. The colour of the copper alloy exposed by missing gilding and on the reverse is of an even dark green patina. The fragment measures 20.8 mm long, 21.1 mm wide, 7.5 mm thick (at catchplate) and weighs 3.64 grams. A similar example may be seen in MacGregor and Bolick 1993, p123, No. 14.9. Cf. PAS database example: IOW-E3AF33, with similar decoration and suggested dating.

Fragment of copper alloy with a sheet of silver plate adhered to the top, probably a wing from an Anglo-Saxon brooch. The fragment is flat and now sub-rectangular in plan with only one original edge remaining. The silver is undecorated. The reverse is undecorated.

SUR-6DD238: BROOCH
Late Anglo-Saxon (11th century AD) gilded and enamelled copper alloy circular brooch, 26mm in diameter and 4.3mm thick, with a central boss 17.4mm in diameter carrying a cruciform design in dark blue, white and light blue-green cloisonné enamelling. This design has alternating colours in each quadrant of green and white chevrons around a central blue cross with the order of colour changing between green-white to white-green from quadrant to quadrant. The cruciform elements have corrugated borders; the outer cells of the design have smooth borders. The brooch originally had seven radial projecting lugs around 4mm long, only three of which remain. Each lug originally had a globular enamelled centre, only one, in dark blue enamel, remains in place. The rear of the object is flat with stubs for a single pin lug and catchplate, now lost. Traces of gilding remain, most noticeably on the rear of the brooch. Weetch Type 20.A. Similar to numbers 1314-1315 and 1701 in Hattatt (2000) p379, which are attributed to the mid to late Anglo Saxon periods. See also ESS-0A8B65 and ESS-644852.

Fragment of Anglo-Scandinavian copper alloy Trefoil brooch, Maixner Type G 1.3, engraved lines define the triangular central panel, one of three arms survives, decorated with stylised leaf ornament and with curled sheet catch-plate on reverse. Extant width 22.5mm. Extant length (unbent) 32mm. Weight 4.41g. Late 9th-early 10th century.

SUR-706A6D: BROOCH
Fragment of a gilded copper alloy Anglo-Saxon small square-headed brooch dating to circa 500-570 AD.The fragment is 20.2mm in length and 23.7mm wide and comprises the rectangular head of the brooch with a stump of the bow, which has broken. The front is decorated with gilded rectangular forms in high relief within a plain rectilinear border. The surviving portion of the bow has a prominent central ridge with narrower ridges to each side flanked by more substantial outer ridges. The reverse has a stump of a single pin lug. Similar in form to Hattatt (2000) p374 number 666 with decoration as number 182. For a complete example see NCL-8E7D13.

LEIC-70D1A5: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy penannular brooch fragment, 35mm in length, 4mm wide and 2mm thick with a weight of 2.05g; probably of Booth type F. The object represents just under half of an penannular brooch and consists of a circular cross-sectioned frame which widens out to form a terminal which is rectangular in form and cross-section. The terminal begins with a slight transverse ridge and recess which sits behind pronounced triangular recesses, one at each side. Beyond this a flat circular area is marked on the objects upper surface and is terminated by a sub triangular recess in each outer corner. The terminals are probably intended as stylised animal heads and although now perhaps bent, the frame was clearly large in diameter (perhaps 55mm originally). A large size and zoomorphic terminals are characteristic of Booth's type F, which dates to c. 400-700 AD (Booth 2014, 195).

LANCUM-7357D2: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy early medieval (middle Anglo-Saxon) disc or 'cogwheel' brooch. The brooch has a flat circular plate with openwork and moulded decoration. This consists of a central cross with a domed lozenge in its centre and short arms, each expanding into two opposing lobes terminating at the edge of a surrounding circle. This circle has a central groove and rectangular crenellations around its circumference. On the back face of the plate to one side is a single pin lug covered with heavy iron corrosion - all that remains of the pin. On the opposite side is a small hooked catchplate. The centre of the back face is slightly concave. It survives in generally good condition. The diameter is 30mm and the weight 5.80g. See an example illustrated by Hinton (1974, no. 14) and a number now recorded through the PAS database (e.g. SF-C8524B, SF-D7C4C5, SF-497CD2, NMS-BBA6F6), which suggest a 9th century AD date range.

SUSS-861DAC: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy Early Medieval cloisonné disc brooch. The brooch is circular in plan with a raised plate. It is decorated with an eight petal flower. Four of the petals are filled with a light blue enamel. Two are white and two are green. The background surface is covered in a dark blue enamel. There are six peripheral lugs around the disc, five are filled with a dark blue enamel the same colour as the disk. The sixth lug is damaged. The worn and damaged remains of a pin lug and catchplate can be seen at opposing points of the reverse which is otherwise flat and undecorated. The pin is missing. The metal has a brown patina. The brooch measures 27mm in diameter with lugs and 19.9mm diameter without. It is 4.1mm thick and weighs 5.24 grams. Brooches of this type are often called Saunderton type, and are common in Britain, with variations in the design. Some parallels on the PAS include SWYOR-829E3F and WMID-BD69AD.

SUR-9927CC: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment, 20.7mm in length, possibly from an early medieval brooch. The fragment appears to comprise part of a lobe, wing or arm, with moulded decoration in the form of a double frame containing a motif, now illegible and a corner of a second framed decorative area on the bent portion. The reverse is undecorated and has no evidence of fixtures. One side is bent up with an ancient break.

YORYM-AB49B9: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the early medieval period (AD 400 - AD 600). Only the head and the upper section of the bow have survived. The head is flat and originally rectangular in shape, but both upper corners are now broken. There are two drilled holes, one in each of these broken corners. The front face is decorated with a border of ring and dots. A small section of bow projects outwards from the front of the brooch and terminates in a worn break. The reverse is undecorated, with a broken lug positioned below and slightly off-centre between the two drilled holes. The metal is worn and dark green in colour. The brooch is 23.0 mm long, 18.6 mm wide, and 7.8 mm thick. It weighs 3.3 g. Similar examples of small-long brooches are depicted in Hattatt (2007, p. 376, fig. 235). Reference: Hattatt, R., 2007 A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches Oxford: Oxbow Books

WAW-17C39A: BROOCH
Early Medieval (c. AD 400 to 600) Small-Long Brooch: The cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete, only the head-plate remains which has a flat semi-circular knops on the sides and upper edges. The bow protrudes from the lower edge, and it is a 'C' shape in profile and is an oval in section. The lower edge of the bow is broken, but not recently. The reverse of the headplate has a central, perforated vertical lug, which is incomplete. The brooch has a well-developed grey-green patina. It measures 34.93mm long, 31.89mm wide, 8.99mm thick and weighs 9.43g. The brooch dates to the 5th to 6th century and were often worn in pairs.

YORYM-40D1E2: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 450 - 600. All that remains of the brooch is a zoomorphic terminal, possibly in the form of a horse's head. The fragment is narrow, comprising a rounded terminal from which the D-sectioned bow extends, terminating in a worn break. The terminal bears moulded triple banded ridge decoration above the "head" of the beast. Below the ridge two bulbous ovate eyes project, one to either side. No other features are present. The reverse of the brooch is flat and undecorated with a broken and worn catchplate projecting. The metal has a light green patina and is worn. The brooch fragment is 30.4mm long, 6mm wide, 7.9mm thick and weighs 3.4g. Numerous similar example are illustrated on EEA 84 (1998), including p.133, fig.17, no.1 from Cavenham, Suffolk and p.168, fig.51, no.6 from Icklingham, Suffolk. A similar, more complete example has also been recorded on the PAS database as NMS-F01A8C. A similar fragment from the same area has also been recorded as YORYM-B92B01. Ref: West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

WAW-410444: BROOCH
Early Early-Medieval (late 5th to 6th centuries) saucer brooch made from gilded copper alloy. It is sub-circular and has abraded and incomplete edges. There is an incomplete lipped edge which is obliquely angled outwards. The front of the brooch is decorated with high-relief Style I animal motifs that are degenerate and are spiralling around a central undecorated boss. The motifs are formed by double-stranded curved blocks all within a high-relief border with transverse grooves. The angled rim has a fine linear groove running around the centre. The brooch appears to have a circular perforation towards an edge which was filled with iron corrosion and has corroded iron adhered to the surface of (mainly) the outer face, with some on the reverse. The reverse has two integral lugs, one at each edge. One lug is perforated and is incomplete, the other only a trace remains and was the catchplate. The hole is near the catchplate and may have been a repair. The pin and spring are missing. The surface of the brooch has a well-developed light grey-green patina, but on the outer face there are also traces of gilding. The brooch measures 42.98mm long, 36.1mm wide, 6.44mm thick at the catchplate and weighs 11.58g. The brooch is a saucer type brooch. In England this type of brooch tends to be found in burials and date to between the late 5th and 6th centuries. They are brooches which are found in female graves, and are considered to have played a role in symbolising status, and the design of the brooch may represent an allegiance to a common tradition (Dickinson; 39). The style of decoration is formed by Style I motifs which are degenerate which tends to date to the 6th century. Dickinson, T. 1993 'Early Saxon Saucer Brooches: A Preliminary Overview' Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 6 p. 11-44

YORYM-424331: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 400 - 600. Possibly a small-long type brooch. The head is sub-rectangular with much of the original edge being lost to old, worn breaks. The reverse of the head is encrusted with iron corrosion obscuring what remains of the pin mechanism. From the centre of the lower edge of the head plate a D-sectioned arched bow extends terminating in a worn break. A band of transverse linear decoration is present above the break. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 34.9mm long, 19.1mm wide, 3.5mm thick and weighs 7.7g. Numerous similar example are illustrated on EEA 84 (1998), including p.144, fig.28, no.1 from Eriswell, Suffolk and p.132, fig.16, no.5 from Carlton Colville, Suffolk. Ref: West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

LEIC-A94090: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch ( no measurements available). The object represents the upper half of the brooch which has a rectangular headplate. This has has its two upper corners removed, leaving a bi-lobed cut away. Its lower corners are present but just inside these is a semi-circular cut out. The straight sides are decorated with a double linear ridge. The bow has ridges above and below it and a central one running down its centre. The reverse of the head plate houses a centrally placed suspension loop.

LIN-A96C8A: BROOCH
Terminal from a late Early Medieval copper alloy penannular brooch, probably Irish and of 9th century date. The terminal is flat, triangular, and is rectangular in section. Although all three sides have patches of corrosion, the original wall can be seen thus demonstrating this is a terminal. The left and right perimeters of the terminal are decorated with four incised straight lines. A straight incised line is located from the centre of the terminal and travels to the outer edge. Three diagonally incised lines extend downwards from the central line on either side, thus forming an abstract leaf motif. A double moulded collar of plano-convex section is located at the apex of the terminal, and from this extends a shaft of oval section. The shaft curves upwards and to the right. The shaft is broken shortly above the collar. The flat triangular terminal is 30mm wide, 20mm tall, and 5mm thick. The collar is 13mm wide and 9mm thick. The shaft is 8mm x 9mm. Similar features can be seen on the silver-gilt brooch from Scatter y Island, Co. Clare, (Youngs 1989, No. 87, p.102) but incised decoration can also be seen on other brooches.

ESS-ADA231: BROOCH
Copper-alloy and enamel cloisonné disc brooch dating to the later Early Medieval period, c. AD 900 - 1100). The brooch consists of a flat backplate with seven evenly spaced circular shaped knops around the circumference. The upper surface of the knops shows that there is a circular depression in the centre of each, which would contain enamel setting, though none remains. The face of the brooch is formed from a raised circular circumferential flange which is inlaid with cloisonné decoration formed of glass and enamel. The cloisonné design is formed of seven semi-circles of dark blue glass, opposite each of the seven outer knops. Between the cells of semi-circular dark blue glass there is white enamel separating them. There is also light blue enamel between the dark blue circles and the centre of the design, which is formed of a white enamelled square. The surface of the brooch was gilded, and some gilding remains at the base of the circumferential flange and on the backplate. The hinge and catchplate on the back of the brooch are intact, as is the pin, which is formed of a single wire of copper-alloy that is curved in on itself to form an attachment loop. The pin tapers to a sharp point. Dimensions: weight: 5.0g, diameter: 23.7mm, thickness: 4.3mm, diameter of central design: 17.3mm Similar examples have been recorded on the PAS database; BERK-B43E92, SF-A6AB3C, SWYOR-50E010 and LIN-549036. The latter record cites parallels in the cloisonne enamel brooches examined by Buckton (1986: pp. 8-17) that are identified as having a distribution centred on the south-east of England. They are also described as being a particularly English product with influences from European (Byzantine/Germanic) gold work (Buckton, 1986: pp. 15-16). This suggests a late-10th to 11th century date for the current example. These brooches are known as Saunderton types and are the most common type found in Britain, though there is variety in the design and the number of lobes.

BERK-E5CEA8: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper-alloy small-long brooch of Early Anglo-Saxon date c. 500 - 560 AD. It is missing the bow, pin, spring and foot, the lugs on the rear are broken at their mid-point. The head-plate is broadly rectangular and decorated with 4 dot and double ring motifs, roughly spaced in each corner. The back face is undecorated and has the remains of a double pin lug. The remnant of the top of the bow, has a rectangular cross section. The edges of the plate are heavily eroded, and the surface has a patchy green patina with significant blackening to much of its surface, perhaps indicative of fire damage.

LEIC-55F341: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy penannular brooch fragment, c50mm in diameter and 5mm thick. The object consists of just over half an penannular brooch which has a flat sub rectangular terminal with a slight collar at its end and a prominent collar where it joins the circular? cross sectioned shaft. This has a patch of iron corrosion attached to it from a now missing pin. The form of the terminal suggests Fowler? type H.

Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the period c. AD 420 - 500. It commences in an old break at the top of the foot and expands to a maximum width of 12.1mm before tapering along its lenght. Below are three ridged collars and a flat rectangular foot engraved with two pairs of parallel grooves and terminating in an old break. Projecting from the reverse is the stub of the catchplate.

HAMP-7FBF17: BROOCH
An incomplete middle early-medieval copper alloy gilt lozengiform strip brooch of Weetch type 31.C, dating to c.700-800. The brooch appears to have had some modifications during its life. The spring and pin mechanism is largely missing and the opposite end to this is bent backwards and broken across an apparently circular 1mm wide perforation at the tip. The brooch is lozenge- or diamond-shaped with moulded decoration to one face only (the reverse being flat, smooth and undecorated). To the front an undecorated area c.2mm wide flanks the edges of the brooch and also forms a cross saltire through the middle. This arrangement results in four lozenge-shaped areas of equal size, and within these are four angular spirals (each again creating a lozenge shape, so that four of these spirals fit within each lozenge-shaped area). At the centre of the cross saltire is a perforation 1mm in diameter, countersunk to the decorated face. There are an additional four perforations of similar diameter around this, two roughly at either edge of two opposing lozenge-shaped areas. Two of these (from the same lozenge-shaped area) retain a copper alloy rivet c.4mm long; beneath one of these is a square/ lozenge-shaped piece of rather corroded sheet copper alloy c.7x6mm. At a corner of the brooch, and extending slightly into a third lozenge-shaped area, is a worn-through perforation 2mm in diameter; there is not a corresponding perforation on its opposite corner but there is another at its neighbouring edge presumably where a catchplate might have extended (and mentioned in the first paragraph above). Three further very small perforations apparently randomly placed in decorated areas of the brooch may be intentional, damage, or a result of the casting process. Opposite the bent edge is a projection 2.1mm wide and 1.6mm thick, turning backwards at 90 degrees where it becomes 1.1mm wide and 2.1mm thick. Its has a worn, patinated end, presumably a break but not obviously from the condition of the metal. This would have extended into a spring and pin arrangement, or perhaps a catchplate. The metal is a mid-green in colour and largely smooth. Gilding survives in the grooves of the gem=ometric-spiral decoration. The object measures 57.3mm in length (unbent, c.70mm in length), 38.6mm in width, 1.2mm in thickness and weighs 10.05g. A similarly-decorated lozengiform strip brooch on this database is PUBLIC-C5F154 and in the British Museum's collections Jo Ahmet comments of this brooch '[This is a] Middle Saxon brooch, c. 8th century, Weetch type 31.C, Lozengiform strip brooch. BM 1999,0102.1 seems very similar, listed in Rosie Weetch's thesis as No. 984. ... I think [this] example might have had a new catchplate and pin arrangment added at some point in its life hence the rivets. These brooches tended to have spring and catchplates formed from each of the long points' (pers. comm. August 2018).

NMS-EA14EE: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon small long brooch dating to the period c. AD 480 - 530. Cross potent headplate terminating in an old break along the bottom edge. Each arm of the cross exhibits two rows of opposed crescents separated by a pair of grooves. The central rectangular panel is bordered on either side by a vertical line of opposed crescents. On the reverse is a single pin lug within the corroded remains of the iron spring.

HAMP-EAAC20: BROOCH
An incomplete early early-medieval (Anglo Saxon, c.AD 450-600) copper alloy small-long brooch, missing its (iron) spring mechanism and the curl of the catchplate. The head-plate (26.1mm wide and 1.9mm thick) is trefoil in shape with crescentic arms, the two smaller side-arms have a central nick in the outer edge while the larger arm reaches a slight point at its centre. The head is decorated with two horizontal lines of five punched ring-and-dot motifs (from side-arm to side-arm and across the larger arm), with a single ring-and-dot motif between the two lines at the centre of the head. Below the head is an arched bow, D-shaped in cross-section and 5.5mm wide (3.8mm thick). This extends into a flat lozenge-shaped foot (max.9.8mm wide and 2.1mm thick) decorated with three vertically arrange ring-and-dot motifs, its furthest point elongated and thickened, beng D-shaped in cross-section (2.4mm thick) and decorated to the front with numerous and closely-set transverse grooves. The the reverse of the lozenge-shaped plate is a flat rectangular projection 4.9mm tall, 1.4mm thick and 3.2mm wide (the remains of the catchplate). Behind the trefoil head is a D-shaped projection 9.0mm tall, 1.3mm thick and 7.8mm wide. This has a central perfortion visible to one side, 3mm in diameter. On the other side is a lump of orange iron corrosion (the remains of the spring mechanism). The metal is dark green in colour, smooth and mostly shiny. The object measures 67.7mm in length, 26.1mm in max.width, 15.4mm in max.depth (D-shaped projection to highest point of bow) and weighs 12.68g. Comparable brooches in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 145-6) are 15.78 and 15.79, both from Barrington, Cambridgeshire. However the head-plates on these examples are more cruciform in shape (whilst still having the similarities of 'nicked' outside edges and a point in the larger central arm).

NMS-FD1CA8: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy nummular brooch. On the exterior face, a double border encloses a schematic, right facing bust wearing a diadem or laurel wreath and with a shoulder defined by an inverted U shape within which are four longitudinal ribs; this is probably a garbled version of the shoulder of a military cuirass. Thus a Roman Imperial issue probably furnished the prototype although a later, for example, Carolingian, original cannot be discounted. Indeterminate shapes that were no doubt intended to convey the appearance of letters surround the portrait but they surely never had any meaning. The plain back face of the brooch has a curled over catchplate and, set at right angles to this on the other side of the brooch, the stub of a fixing mechanism for the pin. A ninth or tenth century date is likely (diameter 25mm, weight 5.87g).

WILT-7E24E1: BROOCH
An early medieval copper alloy saucer brooch dating to c AD 450-550. The brooch is incomplete, with damage to the catchplate and the pin lost. The brooch is discoidal, with a concave front and convex reverse. The curving walls are undecorated, with raised rib defining a central circular field, which contains a central ring and dot from which radiates four running spirals; these being slightly angular. A raised triangle fills the space between the spiral and outer border. An incomplete catchplate and perforated lug project from the reverse of the brooch, both on the logitudinal median line. The front of the brooch has evidence of gilding. The back of the brooch has some reddish brown marks close to the catchplate and hinge and on small areas nearby which may have been from iron corrosion. The brooch weighs 9.99g and measures 29.63mm in diameter, 9.35mm in height (including the hinge and catchplate remnants, 5.16mm with these), 1.13mm in thickness. Cf. West (1998: 14) no. 12.10 for a similar, albeit more highly damaged, brooch.

NMS-8EA305: BROOCH
Incomplete and rather abraded Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, with much of the headplate, the lower end of the bow and the footplate missing. All breaks are ancient. Probably Leeds 1945 Trefoil-headed, although only one foil is extant. The gently hollow-backed bow begins with a curving transverse rib rather than a rectangular panel. The stumps of a double pin lug and traces of an iron pin mechanism remain on the reverse. Weight 5.00g. Extant length 30.7mm. c.475 - c.525.

Incomplete and abraded Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, all of which is missing below the upper end of the D-sectioned bow where there is a rectangular panel. One lateral foil remains almost intact, its edge being followed by a row of part-annular stamped impressions. The same impressions can be made out on the central foil. There is an incomplete single pin lug on the reverse. All breaks appear ancient. Weight 5.85g. Extant length 26mm. Estimated width c.44mm. c.475 - c.525.

KENT-BD0D7C: BROOCH
A worn, incomplete, Early Medieval gilt copper-alloy, small square-headed brooch with gilding, c.AD 470-c550. Description: The brooch has a rectangular head plate which is very worn, a gently arched bow, carinated in front, flat behind. Largely cruciform in shape, with sub-rectangular fields at the ends of the arms. The decoration consists of a raised, rectangular moulding on the head plate, which narrows to form a border on the bow. A raised moulding with a T-shaped terminal in the centre of the head-plate runs down the bow where it forms a cruciform pattern, the arms terminate in ovoid mouldings, while the bottom of the brooch has a raised moulded line enclosing a T-shape with two lines under each arm of the T. The worn square hinge is placed on the reverse of the head and the catch plate is behind the mid-section, the pin is missing, but evidence for the pin bar is still visible. The brooch has green patinated colour in the areas not gilded. Dimensions: Length 33.46mm, width 18.02mm (Head), 16.79mm (Footplate), thickness 2.96mm and weight 5.65g. Discussion: A very similar example with the same decoration can be seen from Brighthampton, Oxfordshire in Macgregor (1993) p.123 ref 14.8, as well as one on the PAS: KENT-91B922. This brooch type is also well represented on the PAS with examples such as KENT-FAE233 and HAMP2359

NARC-F7D632: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Cruciform Brooch of Early Medieval date (AD 475-550). The object is composed of a sub-rectangular headplate divided into three smaller vertically set rectangular panels; the central panel is slightly proud of the flanking panels. The central panel is decorated at the left and right perimeter with a row of punched ring and dots. The top and bottom perimeters of the headplate are slightly concave. To the upper, left and right of the headplate is a half-rounded copper alloy collared knop, cast integrally with the headplate. The bow is arched and has a pronounced rib running down the centre. In each corner of the bow is a short incised diagonal line. Below the bow is a transverse break resulting in the loss of the lower portion of the bow, foot and catchplate. The pin is also missing. The back of the object is undecorated and a partially retained attachment loop is present in the centre of the headplate The metal is a dark green in colour with areas of lighter green corrosion by-product. Length: 51.15mm, Width: 46.96mm, Thickness: 5.61mm, Weight: 23.9g. Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: LEIC-9A3699, LIN-262931 and LVPL-AB21AB.

NARC-FA3108: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Strip Brooch or Pendant of Early Medieval date (AD 600-900). The retained portion of the object is sub-ovate in plan with all edges abraded and broken. From the presumed upper edge there is a single projecting integral spur. The upper face of the object has a punched decoration composed of a repeating semi-circle with dot within. This follows the borders of the object. There is a double line of the same decoration running longitudinally down the centre of the plate. In centre of both the upper and lower portions of the retained plate there are partially retained sub-circular perforations. The back of the object is undecorated. Length: 18.13mm, Width: 13.06mm, Thickness: 1.45mm, Weigh: 0.9g. The metal is a dark brown in colour with areas of light green corrosion. See: LEIC-883DEE, SF-C7122C or PUBLIC-C5F154

PUBLIC-2457C1: BROOCH
An Anglo-Saxon copper alloy applied saucer brooch. The brooch is circular, with a small missing section about 12mm long. The disk is concave, and may have traces of silver/tin coating on the surface. There is no decoration, however there are strong corrosive colours, blue and green, which are splattered on the surface. There is a noticable raised circumference, possibly where a sheet of silver or metal would have been glued onto. Both the pin and catch plate are sitll attached to the bottom of the disk, however the pin is misshapen. Similar Brooch: LIN-A6943E

YORYM-3C1C4A: BROOCH
A gilded copper-alloy fragment, probably part of a wide equal arm brooch, of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 410-500. The copper-alloy plate is sub-triangular in plan and rectangular in section. One long, straight edge remains with rounded breaks at either end. The other sides of the plate are formed of irregular, rounded breaks. One face of the plate is decorated with detailed chip-carved ridge and groove patterns, with gilding remaining in the grooves. An incised groove demarkates the straight edge of the object with a parallel inset ridge forming a border, which is further marked out with parallel punched pellets in the gilding on either side. The body of the plate is decorated with ridges forming swirls and foliate designs. There is insufficient decoration to identify a specific style. The underside of the plate is undecorated. The metal has a green patina with traces of gilding. The plate is 32.2mm in length, 13.7mm in width, 2.3mm thick, and weighs 2.8g. Dr. Helen Geake (pers. comm.) has identified the fragment as probably of Bruns (2003) Type Dosemoor and cites similar decorative elements in Bruns (2003) fig. 27, no. 2, from Mahlstedt-Ochsenbergsheide. This is probably the first example of a wide equal arm brooch to be found north of the Humber. Similar objects have been recorded as SF-F10E65, NMS-647B60, BH-F115D1 and PUBLIC-2E9A21. Ref: Bruns, D., 2003 Germanic Equal Arm Brooches of the Migration Period Oxford: BAR International Series 19-20.

NLM-8FA021: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch. Cast small long brooch with a cross-potent head with rounded ends to its three arms, defined by small U-shaped cut-outs near the springing of each arm, and each end being separated from the rest of the head plate by stamped features which appear as untidy doubled or superimposed chevrons within separate border lines. The effect achieved by this two-dimensional elaboration recalls the rounded knobs of some cruciform brooches. The bow continues with slightly divergent straight sides to a straight-ended foot. At least five ridges are scored across the upper part of the bow, with a further pair of ridges with an incised line along each ridge where the foot begins to widen. The expanded part of the foot is bordered by evenly distributed stamped ring-and-dot or half ring-and-dot of diameter 1.7mm, with smaller and more closely juxtaposed chevron stamps above a horizontally incised line closing the field at its base. A U-shaped lug retaining iron corrosion from the pin [otherwise lost] projects from the back of the head plate, while a folded catch plate remains behind the upper part of the bow. The head and lower bow were recovered separately, and both are bent, probably as the result of recent adventitious damage. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Length: c.64mm, Width: 34.5mm, Thickness (clear of fastening gear): 1.4mm, Weight: 13.81gms

SWYOR-A257A6: BROOCH
A Late Early Medieval Scandinavian (Viking) copper alloy Borre-style convex disc brooch dating from about AD 900 - 1000. It is decorated with three inward-looking Borre style animal heads separated by wedge shaped arms all springing from a triangular centre. Each arm is filled with a chevron. The three armed motif and the animal heads are all within a double line border in relief. There is some gilding surviving. On the reverse is a double pin-lug (with iron corrosion in perforations), and opposite it, the remains of a catch-plate set at right-angles to the edge. Part of the edge is damaged, so it is uncertain whether there was once a third attachment point, perhaps a loop (the "Scandinavian" arrangement). The brooch is 27.5mm in diameter and 7.8mm thick. It weighs 8.46g. Kershaw (2010, 2013) has recorded a very similar brooch as her catalogue no. 67, apparently found in Northamptonshire (Mills 2001, 45, and select 067). These brooches are clearly related to the more common Jansson type II A brooch, e.g. NMS-E84328, SF-AE8A09, etc, which have a double-contoured trefoil with rounded lobes separating the animal heads, instead of the triangular wedges on this example. Kershaw has therefore classified this brooch as Type II A1.

NMS-E39F2C: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, scrap of headplate with an integrally cast D-sectioned top knob, old breaks. The bow survives as a jagged stump (break not recent). Extant length 23.5mm. Extant width 22.5mm. c.475 - c.500.

An incomplete Early Medieval small-long brooch dating from AD 450 - 550. The foot of the brooch is missing. The head is rectangular (wider than it is high) and flat. The right side is missing and the break is patinated. The other edges are also damaged. The surface is a little pitted, but there does not appear to be any decoration. On the reverse of the head is the remains of a single pin bar lugand some iron corrosion. The bow has a rectangular-section flat panel at the top and the rest of the bow appears to be of D shaped cross-section. The sides of the upper face of the bow are pitted. This may be damage, or may be the remains of stamped circles along the edges. The lower bow is incomplete and the break before the missing foot is worn and patinated. The brooch has a grey green patina. It is 27.8mm long, 14.4mm wide and 7.3mm thick. It weighs 3.75gm.

PUBLIC-241C1C: BROOCH
Detached, waisted side-knob from an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch. It is of half-round cross-section with a just visible transverse slot in the base. Base is very pitted, overall brown patina. There is a central longitudinal hole for the pin shaft and an an incised decorative line just above the waist groove. Martin 2015, Group 2 or 3. Length 12.8mm, width 9.5mm and thickness 6.9mm. Weight 2.73g. c.475 - c.550.

Incomplete Early Saxon great square-headed brooch of unclassified type (*edit* possibly an unusual variation of Hines group XVI) dating to the period c. AD 550 - 575. The headplate is square, with old breaks along both sides and across the top. Where theoriginal edge survives it is divided into a series of projecting D-shaped terminals, each engraved with a debased zoomorphic design. The front is divided into a series of engraved rectangular cells forming a geometric design, with each cell in turn containing an engraved design, now heavily worn. On the reverse of the head are two stubs indicating the positions of the missing pin lugs. The surviving section of bow appears to be of group 16 form, with a prominent central ridge flanked by a ridge running along each long edge. The bow terminates in an old break. Traces of gilding remain. See: Hines, J, 1997.

ESS-5E12F6: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early Medieval date AD475-550. The object has a sub-rectangular central panel that has two incised vertical lines forming a central trapezoid shape. The central panel has two half-round knops on either side. The left hand knop has two incised lines on the base and the right hand knop has one. The bow joins the bottom of the central panel. There is a raised shoulder at this junction which has three incised lines running parallel with the central panel. The bow is D shaped in cross section and has a central rib running the length of the bow. The base of the bow has another three incised lines running the width of the bow. The back of the central panel has the remains of the pin bar lug. The brooch would be classified as a Martin Group 2. The brooch is dark green in colour with patches of a lighter green. The brooch is 38.5mm long, 34.6mm wide at the knops and weighs 11.3g.

ESS-60446E: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy disc brooch of Early-Medieval origin. AD 475-550. The brooch has a small hole in the centre which has two incised circles surrounding it. Around this are four (originally six) ring and dot features consisting of a central dot with two rings around it. These are then enclosed by two further circles. The flan of the brooch beyond these circles shows evidence of more decoration but it is too corroded to identify. Part of the brooch is folded under. The rear of the brooch has part of either the pin mount or catchment plate visible. The brooch is 30.1mm in diameter, 1.4mm thick and weighs 4.8g. The brooch has a mid green patina.

LANCUM-B6498F: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 400 - 600. Probably a small-long type brooch. The head is sub-rectangular with much of the original edge being lost to old, worn breaks. From the centre of the lower edge of the head a D-sectioned broken arched bow extends terminating in a worn break. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The length is 64mm, the width is 20mm, thickness 6mm and the weight 8.48g.

NMS-F5B171: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small Long brooch: worn ancient break across upper end of bow, both rectangular panels at both ends forming facets are decorated with three horizontal engraved lines. Foot with three lines on rectangular panel above faceted sides and a grooved transverse moulding. Spatulate foot with broken catchplate on reverse. Extant length 46.5mm. Width at foot 10.4mm. Weighs 8.21g. Late 5th-early 6th century.

BERK-5C8877: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy ansate brooch of an Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date c. AD700-900. The brooch is double lugged with zoomorphic terminals now very devolved and worn. There is no pin or catchplate on the reverse.

ESS-71C73A: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy and silver Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) disc brooch, dating to c. AD450-550. The brooch has a silvered face with a central perforation. There is a single incised circle between the perforation and the edge of the brooch. The rear of the brooch has the remains of the pin holder and catchment plate. The pin is not present. The brooch is 36.9mm in diameter and is 1.3mm thick. It weighs 9.3g.

YORYM-DD16F0: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 400 - 600. Probably a small-long type brooch. The head is sub-rectangular with much of the original edge being lost to old, worn breaks and a single semi-circular lug projecting from the reverse. From the centre of the lower edge of the head a D-sectioned arched bow extends terminating in a worn break. A raised ribbed collar is present at the junction of the head and the bow. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 34.8mm long, 17.9mm wide, 4.9mm thick and weighs 12.2g. Similar example are illustrated on EEA 84 (1998), including p.144, fig.28, no.1 from Eriswell, Suffolk and p.132, fig.16, no.5 from Carlton Colville, Suffolk. Ref: West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

YORYM-0481F6: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform long brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 450 - 600. All that remains of the brooch is the arched bow and zoomorphic terminal. The bow is arched with a D-shaped section and displays a worn irregular break to the upper edge. The lower end tapers to form a D-sectioned zoomorphic foot terminal, possibly in the form of a horse's head. The head has two sets of two raised knops representing a bulbous snout and eyes below double transverse ridge and groove. The reverse of the brooch is flat and undecorated with a broken and worn catchplate projecting. The metal has a light green patina and is worn. The brooch fragment is 56.7mm long, 9.2mm wide, 4.6mm thick and weighs 9.2g. Numerous similar example are illustrated on EEA 84 (1998), including p.151, fig.35, no.3 from Eriswell, Suffolk. Ref: West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

LIN-8282BC: BROOCH
A copper alloy zoomorphic terminal from an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch of 'Klapperschmuck' (literally 'rattle-jewellery) type. The fragment is sub-rectangular in plan, tapering gently to the break at the top. The narrower end comprises a flat panel decorated with two transverse grooves at the top, and two moulded transverse ridges at the bottom. Below this is a slender, moulded zoomorphic terminal; the forehead is faceted and triangular in section. There are two large moulded eyes, and a moulded snout formed of three ridges. An integrally cast loop extends from the snout, set at 90 degrees to the object. The loop is filled with iron corrosion. This is the foot from an incomplete cruciform brooch of Anglo-Saxon date. The horse-head terminal finds parallels in other examples from Suffolk (e.g. West, 1998: nos. 17.1, 45.3, 51.4, 100.8, 136.2). The terminal loop would probably originally have held a 'spangle' or pendant, and is also noted on examples from Lakenheath (114.2), Mildenhall (116.10) and Tuddenham St Mary (130.1). Brooches of this form are known in German as 'Klapperschmuck' (literally 'rattle-jewellery').

NMS-8377EA: BROOCH
Molten fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, Small-long or Cruciform, comprising a broken bow and fragment of footplate. Traces of three vertical lines on bow, upper end of bow with molten break, rectangular panel with twin engraved lines survives forming facets at the lower end of the bow, part of upper end of catchplate survives on the reverse. Extant length 23.5mm. Extant width 9.5mm. Weight 4.51g. c.480 - c.530 AD.

BERK-8403A4: BROOCH
Two worn cast copper alloy fragments of an Anglo-Saxon great square-headed brooch possibly dating to the period c. AD 520-570. One fragment is from the bow of the brooch and has an arched upper section in the devolved style 2. The reverse of the bow section has one broken lug that would have held the hinged pin. This section measures 21.4mm long x 16.1mm wide x 2.9mm thick and weighs 5.0gms. The second fragment was found seperately but may be part of the same brooch. This section measures 19.1mm long x 16.4mm wide x 2.6 thick. It weighs 3.3gms. The fragments are too small to be able to ascertain what class (or Hines' Type) of great-square headed brooch it belongs to, however Dr Kevin Leahy has commented on this style of brooch with the face element, and dates them to c. AD 520-570.

BERK-8413E5: BROOCH
Fragment of worn cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon great square-headed brooch possibly dating to the period c. AD 520-570. This fragment was found close to the two small fragments BERK-8403A4 and may for once brooch. The fragment is of the devolved style 2 with face mask decoration and swirls. This section measures 22.2mm long x 16mm wide x 2.8mm thick and weighs 2.9gms. The fragments are too small to be able to ascertain what class (or Hines' Type) of great-square headed brooch it belongs to, however Dr Kevin Leahy has commented on this style of brooch with the face element, and dates them to c. AD 520-570.

NMS-B05B1E: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon bow brooch, footplate terminal only, broken at upper end of tapering flat-sectioned plate which ends in a circular terminal with a single engraved ring-and-dot and traces of a bordering line. Extant length 16mm. Width at terminal 7.5mm. 1.5mm thick. Weighs 0.74g. Cf. a complete example from Quidenham, Norfolk (HER 35174). 6th century.

LEIC-0801DD: BROOCH
Early medieval? copper alloy brooch or mount, 23mm long, 22mm wide and 1mm thick with a weight of 1.92g. The object is sub rectangular in form and cross section and is incomplete. It appears it would have been circularoriginally and has a central circular hole, 2-3mm in diameter in its centre. Around this is a plain raiosed central cross motif and in each 'quarter' there is a raised triangular motif sitting in the part nearest the cross. This then becomes a short raised line before bifurcating and forming a swirl to each side. The upper edge (as shown) is the only intact edge and has a solid raised border. At the end of the cross arm it has a semi-circular recess in its edge. The decoration suggests it may be some form of nummular brooch or perhaps it is a decorative mount? Date wise it is likely to be late early medieval to high medieval.

BUC-405B68: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy, Early Medieval, small long brooch, AD.500-600. The object comprises the foot and catchplate of the brooch, with a part of the bow remaining. The foot is triangular in shape and flattened. There are three incised lines across the foot with a series of five indentations forming a rounded serration along the base edge. At the apex of the triangle the brooch arches up to form the bow, however, there is a break that is old and worn. On the underside of the brooch there is a catchplate, integrally cast and form of rolled copper alloy. Similar examples of small long brooches can be found in Hattatt Fig.235 No.668

CORN-45144D: BROOCH
A copper alloy Anglo Saxon disc brooch, incomplete, missing its catch plate and pin, but otherwise in excellent condition. The brooch is circular, cut from a piece of flat metal, and decorated with an equal armed cross with a ring and dot in the centre of the cross and at the end of each arm. The quadrants formed by the angle of each two arms of the cross are outlined with an incised line, and each quadrant is in-filled with punched dots. On the back of the brooch there is a strip of shiny silvery metal across the centre line, which must represent a line of solder where the pin mechanism was attached. The face of the brooch is finely patinated with a dark green patina. Disc brooches of this type are common in the south of England, and are dated from the 5th and 6th centuries. However, the presence of the cross in this brooch may signify a later, post-pagan date for this example. This looks like a devolved version of an 8th century brooch on which the usual interlace has been replaced by ring and dot, so the date range should include the Middle Anglo-Saxon period c.600-900 (Kevin Leahy pers comm). MacGregor & Bolick (1993) illustrate similar disc brooches with double ring and dot stamped motifs in a cross formation, but without a delineated cross, exacavated from Anglo-Saxon graves, on pages 63-64, nos.4.36-4.39 & 4.44. Hattatt (2000) illustrates several different styles of central cross on disc brooches on page 379, fig.238, nos.1309, 1690 & 1701, which are dated from the Middle to Late Anglo-Saxon period.

LEIC-45196F: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy brooch fragment? c. 31mm long and 9mm wide, with a weight of 2.73g. The object is rectangular in form and sub rectangular in cross section. It appears to be the foot of a brooch, possiblay a small long or perhaps an unsual equal armed type? The object is made up of a rectangular shaped terminal, whose upper portion has a rounded upper surface, formed of two transverse collar like projections. These sit above two sub spherical projections, possibly eyes? In between these and running down to the end of the object, are two linear depressions, slightly tapering so they form a central triangular section which also has a rounded surface. Probable nose? Above the collar is a shaft which has a triangular cross section and is plain. It sits slightly below the terminal, suggesting a slight curve when veiwed from the side. Its reverse has a central linear scare suggestive of a catch plate.

NMS-45CB79: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small Long brooch: worn old break across upper end of foot with twin lines on convex rectangular panel above a transverse moulding with incised lines flanking a broad groove. Spatulate foot with a slight rib at the straight terminal. Broken catchplate on the reverse. Extant length 26mm. Width at foot 14mm. Weighs 2.30g. Late 5th-early 6th century.

NMS-C0158C: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, Small-long or Cruciform, comprising a bow only, rectangular panel with twin engraved lines survives at both ends, both with ancient breaks. Extant length 26mm. Extant width 14mm. Weight 6.95g. c.480 - c.530 AD.

YORYM-7F1A6D: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 475 - 550. Only a single separately made half-rounded head knop remains. The knop has a domed top section with a narrowed waist and D-sectioned base. A short worn projection extends from the end of the base by which the knop would have attached to the brooch proper. The metal has a mid-brown patina and is worn. The object is 18.3mm long, 11mm wide, 7.7mm thick and weighs 5.1g. YORYM-13ED43 is a more complete head of a cruciform type brooch with similar knops though these are cast integrally to the head plate. Separately cast head knops have also been recorded as SUR-D43A4B, DENO-A9EAE3 and FAKL-910E67. An example of a complete cruciform brooch complete with knops can be seen as NCL-248642.

BUC-810501: BROOCH
An incomplete early medieval copper alloy saucer brooch dating from c. AD 400-500. It is missing the rim and the pin and catch plate from the reverse. The design is a central ring and dot with five running spirals radiating around this. The brooch has a dark green patina with evidence of gilding to the upper surface. The brooch has a dark green patina, with the central design a light cream colour. Weight: 7.46g, Length: 30.25mm, Width: 22.64mm, Thickness: 2.26mm. Similar examples can be found in MacGregor and Bolick 1993, p42-45 , Fig. 2.12, Fig. 2.13, Fig. 2.14, Fig.2.16

NMS-81B7D0: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, dating to the period c. AD 480 - 530. A square headplate with engraved saltire and integrally cast flat-backed waisted top knob and side knobs; one side knob is incomplete due to old damage. On the reverse is a single pierced lug surrounded by iron corrosion from the missing pin.

NMS-81FE3E: BROOCH
Early Saxon copper alloy detachable waisted side-knob from a Cruciform brooch of Martin's (2015) Group 2 or 3 dating to the period c. AD 475 - 550. Semi-circular cross-section with a projection at the apex of the dome and a moulded triple collar at the base. The base is slotted and contains a circular aperture whcih retains the corroded remains of the iron spindle. The reverse is hollow and filled with iron corrosion product.

NMS-827E2D: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy small-long / cruciform hybrid brooch in rather battered condition with almost all of the footplate and small parts of the the outer ends of the headplate side-knobs missing (old breaks). The headplate consists of a panel with a row of double part-annulet (or double crescent) stamped impressions down both edges and of flat side-knobs and a top knob, all three decorated with pairs of transverse grooves. The D-sectioned bow tapers towards from one rectangular panel forming facets to another. Both carry pairs of transverse grooves. On the reverse a single pin lug is flanked by remains of an iron spring. For hybrid brooches of this type see Martin 2015, 24 fn. 25 and West 1998, fig. 153, nos. 1-7. Weight 6.10g. Extant length and width 39.1 and 23.4mm. c.475 - c.550.

Two copper alloy separately cast side-knobs of semi-circular cross-section from Early Saxon Cruciform brooches, both with median holes to accomodate the end of a spring bar , c.475 - c.550: - small part at the apex of the dome missing, with a transverse groove and a slot for the headplate on the base, weight 4.64g, 15 x 10 x 7mm. - remains of iron spring bar, small protrusion at the apex of the dome, transverse groove on dome and base, weight 6.19g, 19 x 12.8 x 6.5mm.

NMS-925AC1: BROOCH
Fragment of a Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy openwork disc brooch of Weetch type 15.B, part of the edge with an encircling engraved groove and the end of one cross arm with a pair of radial grooves. The breaks are not recent. On the reverse traces of a pin lug ot catchplate lie next to some rust from the pin. Diameter 24mm. Thickness 1.2mm. Weight 0.75g. 9th century, Similar brooches have been found in Norfolk at Bracon Ash (HER 56990, NMS-131EE7), Burnham Market (HER 41977), North Creake (HER 29428), Gaywood, Hindringham (HER 25659), King's Lynn (HER 5544, context 3), Seething (HER 40302, NMS-B95B08), Strumpshaw (HER 35019, NMS-E23130), Swaffham (HER 28567, NMS-993175), Tattersett (HER31825) and Walsingham (HER 29923, NMS-767D86).

Fragment of an unusual gilt copper alloy cruciform brooch (extant width 35.5mm, extant length 28mm, weight 11.45g), head-plate, upper edge broken, both wings broken, one across the remains of two perforations, the other also with two perforations, both containing the corroded remains of an iron rivet and retaining a scrap of silver applique sheet on the face. Sub-triangular or trefoil-shaped stamps with twin-barred points or foils and a central pellet border the sides of the central panel. Cracked above the junction with the rectangular panel on the surviving stump of the missing bow. There are the remains of a single lug on the reverse, broken across the perforation containing a fragment of iron pin. All breaks ancient. c. AD 480-530.

GLO-D1926D: BROOCH
An early early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon, c. 450-550), copper alloy button brooch that has a circular base decorated with four opposing double crescents who's arch points towards the middle creating a central cross pattern with narrowed arms a large rectangular hub. This is surrounded by an upturned rim. Gilding still remains in the recesses of the decoration. On the reverse are the remains of the catch plate and pin mount, unfortunately only the base remains of both items.

BERK-D342F8: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy probable composite ansate or 'caterpillar' type brooch dating to the Anglo-Saxon period, c. 410-950 AD. Formed of a single piece of metal, with equal-ended terminals. It measures 45.4mm long, 16.9mm wide and weighs 6.6gms.

NMS-D3CA08: BROOCH
Very pitted and corroded fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, Small-long or Cruciform, comprising a bow and fragment of foot only, traces of rectangular panel at the junction with the foot, ancient breaks at both ends. Slight stump of catchplate on reverse. Extant length 32mm. Extant width 7.5mm. Weight 3.23g. c.480 - c.530 AD.

KENT-D55B99: BROOCH
A fragment of worn cast Middle Saxon copper-alloy ansate brooch, dating to the 9th-10th century AD. Description: The fragment represents parts of the head and bow of the brooch. The bow is D-sectioned and low arched. There is a rough break across the middle(?) of the bow which has now been worn. The headplate is formed from 'contoured' edges forming 5 lobes/knops, two either side and a fifth at the apex. The side lobes have the typical ring and dot motif. Stump of the pin lug remains a the centre of the headplate reverse. The brooch is a mid-green colour on the front and lighter grey-green on the reverse. Measurements: 25.82mm in length,14.93mm wide, 6.15mm thick (including lug and bow, head 2.56mm thick without) and 4.1g in weight. Discussion: As Rosie Weetch (2014, ) observed this "is rather vague [class].and appears to be a 'catch-all' for those ansates that don't have terminals of definable or standardised shape". Weetch dates this, rather small group to 9th-10th century. Two other examples are known from the PAS although quite varied between these three brooches this example here has a much lower bow. See the others examples here - LIN-7B6462, NMS-EC3F2C

DOR-EC4E67: BROOCH
A copper-alloy enamel cloisonné disc brooch dating to the late 10th - 11th century. The brooch is constructed from a backplate of copper alloy sheet with the remains of several rounded lugs, only one of which survives and has a central indentation. This indentation probably held a glass sphere, now missing. A copper alloy collar has been soldered onto this base plate and set within it is a separate cloisonné enamel and copper alloy disc, now separated from its backplate. The enamel is applied to the copper alloy disc in cells separated by copper alloy reserves. The design is a quatrefoil on a dark blue background. Two of the foils (opposing) are filled with white enamel, one with turquoise and the last with turquoise and a dot of orange. The central, circular cell is filled with yellow enamel. The reverse of the base-plate is gilded and retains traces of probable pin attachments. Reference: Buckton, D. 1986. Late 10th and 11th century cloisonné enamel brooches. In Medieval Archaeology Volume 30 p. 8 Date: Early-Medieval to early Medieval Dimensions: 24.27 mm x 20.1 mm x 3.6 mm (backplate) 16.82 mm x 15.4 mm x 2.68 mm (central disc) Weight: 2.9 g. Two techniques of enamelling are used on these brooches, both with French names: champlevé and cloisonné. Champlevé means 'raised field', and the technique normally involves casting shallow sunken cells into the thickness of the metal, ready to be filled with enamel. Cloisonné means 'partitioned', and here the cells are made by soldering vertical cell walls to a backplate. Objects decorated with champlevé enamel are generally cheaper, simpler objects; objects decorated with cloisonné enamel can be of the highest craftsmanship and, like the Alfred Jewel, perhaps commissioned by those of the highest social class.

LEIC-2F0774: BROOCH
Copper alloy knob from an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The object is in fair condition, is 29mm long, 10mm wide, 8mm thick and weighs 5.29g.

LEIC-2F1C0C: BROOCH
Complete Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The brooch has a trefoil shaped head with erosion to the left arm of the head when viewed from above. The bow, foot and catchplate are complete though the brooch is slightly twisted. It is plain and undecorated with some corrosion to the upper surface, and has a green patina. The pin attachment beneath the centre of the head has a broken circulat attachment hole, with no traces of the pin remaining. The brooch is 60mm long, 25mm wide, 15mm thick and weighs 8.06g.

SWYOR-6719BB: BROOCH
An incomplete, copper alloy Early Medieval Anglo-Scandinavian disc brooch dating from AD 800 - 1000. The brooch has a flat circular body, with some damage to the edges. The face is worn, so no decoration is visible. There is a small circular hole, now filled with corrosion, in the centre. On the reverse is a double pin bar lug, perpendicular to the edge, with the pin bar missing, and a curved catchplate also at right-angles to the edge of the brooch. The remains of a third loop, again at right-angles to the edge of the brooch, is located close to the perimeter, halfway between the catch-plate and the pin bar lugs. The brooch is 26.8mm in diameter and 5.8mm thick. It weighs 4.98g. LIN-F00E1B notes that "The presence of a third loop was believed by Margeson (The Vikings in Norfolk, 1997, p. 21) to be "a sure sign of Scandinavian origin". Brooches of this type are widespread in Scandinavia, with a particular concentration at Birka (near Stockholm, Sweden)."

SWYOR-6B2732: BROOCH
A copper alloy separate knob from an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating from AD 475 - 550, probably from a Martin Group 2 or 3 brooch. The knob is half-round and has a dome, waist and base with no additional decoration. The reverse is concave and contains the corroded remains of the iron axis bar, which also protrudes at both ends of the knob. The knop is 15.5mm long, 11.4mm wide and 8mm thick. 4.6g. It has a smooth grey green patina.

SWYOR-A43E1D: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval small-long brooch dating from AD 450 - 550. Only part of the foot survives. It is a flat plate, the edges all broken, but with one lateral lobe surviving, and punchmarks along the edge. These are crescents (Martin type A3), with the wider end facing the edge of the brooch. An integral tab projects from the centre of the reverse. This is the remains of the catchplate which is longitudinal and incomplete, with the curl missing. The catchplate is 7.4mm long and projects by 3.6mm. The brooch has a smooth green patina. The shape of the foot could be similar to Macgregor and Bolick 1993, number 15.2 or 15.4 for example. The fragment is 24.8mm long, 15.6mm wide and 4.9mm thick. The plate is 1.2mm thick. 1.6g.

WILT-E6E77B: BROOCH
An incomplete Middle Saxon (Early Medieval) copper alloy ansate or caterpillar brooch, dating to c AD 720 - 850. What remains is the handle shaped (ansate) part of the brooch which probably originally had two equal length arms, one now with an early break. The brooch has a high arch in the centre and throughout is U shape in section (domed or convex). Two incomplete lugs extend from near the end of the surviving arm and a single lug from what was probably a similar position on the other, broken, arm. The arms are decorated with groups of transverse grooves interspersed with ridges. The apex of the central arch is also decorated with two grooves with a central ridge, though this is ill defined. Dimensions:44mm in length; 5.5mm width; 5.38g in weight. cf A Visual Catalogue... (2007) Hattatt p380 fig 239 and LIN-1B9461. Also A Corpus of Anglo Saxon Material from Suffok (1998) West p 12 and 128 fig 12 no 1.described as Huber Group 9 9th c AD.

SUR-E7A282: BROOCH
An Anglo-Saxon disc brooch, 32.2mm in diameter. The face is heavily corroded but carries traces of incised decoration in the form of a row of dots within a pair of lines around the circumference and a single larger dot or hole (of 1.7mm diameter) at the centre. No other decoration is discernable, although the surface shows signs of having been tinned. The reverse is undecorated and has in-line stumps for the catchplate and hinge lug. Circa 5th-6th century.

KENT-E9C398: BROOCH
An incomplete gilt copper-alloy Medieval cloisonné enamel brooch, dating to the late 10th to early 11th centuries AD, of the well attested Saunderton type (more recently Weetch type 20.A). Description: The brooch is roughly circular with 7 projecting rounded knops around the circumferential flange that marks the edge of the backplate. Each knop would have had a blob of enamel or small glass cabochon although only one dark cobalt blue setting relay. The base of each knop is integral to the backplate. The circular body of the brooch is decorated with a cloisonné design formed by strips of copper-alloy creating a field of dark cobalt blue, four circular central cells aligned in a square filled with white enamel. Projecting from the angles of the quatrefoil are four teardrop-shaped petals, filled with turquoise or cobalt blue enamel. Gilding remains across majority of the, collar, flange and backplate. The pin is missing and where visible behind the gilding the copper-alloy is dark brown with some mottled light green. Measurements: 24.55mm in diameter (with the lobes), 18.48mm in diameter (without lobes) and 6.81mm thick (4.49mm thick without catch plate arrangement) and 4.78g in weight. Discussion: Despite the design of the decoration employed on this brooch resembling that featured on similar brooches in the Roman period, the use of cloisonné rather than champlevé shows this example is Saxon. The type is discussed by Weetch (2014, 110-111) and dated to the late 10th century to 11th century in date, this example is almost identical to the type specimen from Saunderton Buckinghamshire originally illustrated by Buckton (1986, 9) and BERK-B43E92 from Northmoor Buckinghamshire.

NMS-F8E8AA: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon Cruciform brooch of Martin 2015, Group 1, foot only, upper part missing, ancient break. The surfaces are abraded. Stump of missing bow comprising a rectangular panel with incised transverse line, above damaged transverse mouldings and narrow animal-head terminal. On the reverse is a broken catch-plate. Extant length 35mm. Extant width 7.5mm. Weight 3.81g. c.420 - c.480

KENT-B8DC1A: BROOCH
An incomplete and worn copper-alloy Early-Medieval small-long brooch dating from AD 450 - 550. Description: The head is rectangular (wider than it is high) and flat. It is decorated with a ring and dot motif, one in each corner and one at the centre. The top right corner is missing and the break is patinated. The other edges are abraded. The surface is a little pitted and mottled. On the reverse of the head it is shown that pin lug was damaged and a new one riveted in place, one rivet of which is visible on the front The bow is low and short has D-shaped cross-section. The lower bow is incomplete and the break before the missing foot is worn and patinated.There is some panel of decoration just remaining at the broken end of the bow possibly indicating wings or a large foot. Measurements: 24.5mm long, 14.5mm wide (at head), 4.75mm thick and 2.47g

BUC-8B8671: BROOCH
An incomplete, copper alloy, Early Medieval, gilded saucer brooch, AD.450-750. The object comprises much of the discoidal base plate of the saucer brooch with very little remaining of the angled side walls. The plate is decorated with a shallow relief design surrounding a central boss. Around the boss is an inner border, then a series of arched 'wave' curls that are linked in a continuous loop, 9 complete in total. There is then an outer border before the sides would have formed the saucer wall, now missing. In the recesses there are traces of gilding. The back of the piece is undecorated except for a shallow depression corresponding to the boss on the front of the brooch. There are two integrally cast projections that would have originally been the catchplate and pin hinge, though both are now merely worn stubs. The whole object has a rough, light green patina and shows signs of significant damage from being in the ploughsoil. A similar example can be found in BUC-810501, and in MacGregor, A. and Bolick, E., 1993 p42-45 , Fig. 2.12 - 2.16 Length: 34.71 mm Width: 32.49 mm Thickness: 1.56 mm Weight: 9.09 g

SUR-03A625: BROOCH
An incomplete early Medieval bow brooch of small-long type with a sub rectangular head decorated with a margin of punched wedges and a faint row of punched dots running diagonally across. The bow is strongly curved with triangular cross section and eds in an old break. The reverse of the head has a deep sub rectangular hinge lug with traces of iron from a now lost pin. Circa 6th century AD.

YORYM-2A90CB: BROOCH
Incomplete early medieval small radiate-headed copper-alloy brooch with traces of gilding (c. 500 - 600 AD). The head of the brooch is oval with three protruding knobs, one positioned centrally at the very top and the other two at either side of the head. These are rounded at the front and flat at the back. The front surface of the oval head is decorated with a curvilinear knotted ridged design reminiscent of a heart shape where the lines at the point at the top of the heart fork and curve around in a circle within it and lines extend out from the highest point on either side to meet at midpoint, forming a diamond shape at the top of the heart. This whole design sits within an oval-shaped depression. The point of the heart shape extends halfway down the bow of the brooch. The lower half of the brooch is taken up by horizontal ridges. The front face of the bow is rounded while the parts of the back of the bow that are visible are flat apart from a small protruding catchplate and pin lug. Most of the back surface of the brooch is covered in a rough dark-brown concretion of iron-corrosion, probably from the pin mechanism. The remains of an iron axis bar is visible within the concretion protruding from one side of the lug. The bow terminates in a D-shaped foot, with a D-shaped depression in the centre bordered at the bottom by a shallow U-shaped groove. There is a large patch of gold gilding evident on the horizontal ridges of the bow and further traces on the ridges of the head and foot. Otherwise, corrosion of the copper-alloy has resulted in a rough dark green patina. The dimensions of the brooch are: 30.90mm in length, 17.22mm in width and 9.61mm in thickness. The weight of the brooch is 4.92g. Compare the similar but larger NMS-C5EBB3.

YORYM-2B0BAC: BROOCH
Head fragment of early medieval cast and filed copper-alloy Small-long brooch (c. 450 - 600 AD). Quite crudely fashioned, the cross potent shape of the head has been formed by drilling holes through the four corners of an originally rectangular head and filing away the small bridge of copper-alloy to create three extending cross arms with pointed corners; on one corner, however, the copper-alloy bridge has not been filed away and a groove confirms where it was intended to be severed. Beneath the head, a section of the bow, D-shaped in profile, curves out from the front of the brooch and down, terminating in a jagged edge where the fragment has broken away from the rest of the brooch. At the back of the head a broken lug extends out at a right angle to the head. The edges and surface of the brooch are worn and corrosion of the copper-alloy has resulted in a patchy green-brown patina. The dimensions of the fragment are: 27.32mm in length, 21.69mm in width and 5.81mm in thickness. The weight of the fragment is 6.60g. A similar, more complete example from the database is: LIN - 93123A.

BERK-3078BA: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy brooch, probably a fragment of a (Great?) Square Headed brooch dating to the late 5th or 6th century AD. The fragment consists of the lower section (the foot) of the brooch with just a small section of the curved bow visible. The upper surface has geometric designs and would have had rounded knops at the base and possibly the two sides, but these are no broken. Interestingly the fragment is roughly in the shape of a spearhead but this may just be a result of depositional damage rather than purposeful. Part of the catchplate remains on the reverse.

LEIC-43386F: BROOCH
Head plate and part of bow from an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The corroded remains of iron pin remain behind the head, which has two circular holes 3mm in diameter close to the upper edge. The outer edges of the head are decorated with small punched dots. The object is in poor condition, is 35mm long, 31mm wide, 6mm thick and weighs 9.25g.

NMS-64A7E2: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the period c. AD 550 - 575. Only the head plate and a small section of the bow remains. The head plate is square, with heavily abraded edges and signs of old breaks. It exhibits a central raised square panel decorated with two vertical rows of punched annulets. On the reverse is the stub of the missing pin lug. The D-sectioned bow projects from the lower edge of the head. It exhibits a moulded double collar and terminates in an old break.

YORYM-7F1A27: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy great square-headed brooch of Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date, c.AD 530 - 570. The brooch is decorated in relief Style I and fits into Hines Group XXII. Only a small portion of the head and foot plate remain to the upper and lower aspects of an arched bow. The remaining portion of the headplate is flat and sub-rectangular. It is decorated on the front surface with a raised rounded knop to the centre of the upper edge. Beneath this is a concentric rectangular border consisting of two raised ridges increasing in size on three sides above the arched bow. Within the resulting rectangular cell, three parallel ring and dot designs are present which retain gilding within the recessed areas. The edges of the surviving headplate fragment have been lost to old breaks. The remains of a double lug hinge mechanism to the reverse bearing iron corrosion product which suggests that some element of the pin mechanism was constructed of iron The bow projects centrally from the lower edge of the headplate and is arched in profile. It has a central raised flat-topped longitudinal ridge of a type commonly found on Group XXII brooches. Recessed rectangular panels flank the ridge. A knop is present at the apex of the bow. This is heavily corroded though, when seen from the reverse, a separate rivet can be seen suggesting a separate disc, again common on Group XXII brooches may originally have been present though has since been lost to worn breaks. From the lower edge of the bow the integral footplate extends. The majority of the footplate has been lost to old breaks though it will have been sub-triangular in shape. Style I decoration adorns the upper surface of the footplate in the form of a ring and dot feature below the bow, beneath which is a raised rounded knop similar to that on the headplate. This is flanked by semi-circular ribbed ridges. The decoration is incomplete. The remains of a catchplate is present to the reverse of the footplate next to which is an adhered short strip of iron, possibly all that remains of the pin. The size, condition and elaborate nature suggests this brooch may have been part of a burial. The metal has a light powdery green patina and is worn. The brooch is 59.3mm long, 25.4mm wide, 7.4mm thick and weighs 24.6g. A similar example of a Hines Group XXII is from Sewerby grave 19 (Hines 1997, pl. 82b). Group XXII is northerly in distribution, particularly around the Humberside region and were generally thought by Hines to be among the latest great square-headed brooches dating to Hines's Phase 3 (c. AD 530 - c. AD 570).

YORYM-8F8E23: BROOCH
Copper-alloy decorative foot fragment from an early medieval Cruciform brooch (c. 450 - 650 AD). The fragment consists of a tri-lobed flat plate of copper-alloy which thickens slightly at the top where it would have joined the bow of the brooch. Symmetrical in aspect, the lower lobe is fan-shaped, flanked above at either side by two almost circular lobes which are demarcated from the central fan-shaped lobe by curvilinear grooves. The front surface of the foot fragment is decorated with small indented circles. The back of the fragment is flat and undecorated. Corrosion of the copper-alloy has resulted in a patchy green-brown patina and the edges and surface of the fragment are heavily worn and notched. The dimensions of the fragment are: 29.83mm in length, 29.72mm in width and 2.71mm in thickness. The weight of the fragment is 7.93g. Parallels on complete brooches can be found in A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material From Suffolk, Figures 147 - 149, pp. 306 - 308.

YORYM-904525: BROOCH
Copper-alloy head fragment from an early medieval Cruciform brooch, c. 450 - 650 AD. The fragment consists of the lower part of the head and a small portion of the bow, which curves out and down from the rectangular-shaped head. Two horizontal ridges demarcate the juncture between bow and head, running across the bottom of the head. At one side of the head there is a D-shaped lobe; the ragged edges of this reflect a high level of corrosion and wear and it is evident that a large section has broken off. There would have presumably been parallel lobes extending from the other two sides of the brooch head which have been sadly lost. There is a small step along the line where the remaining lobe extends from the rectangular head; this line is further emphasized by a row of small circular punch marks along the edge of the head. At the back of the head is what is left of a small sub-triangular catchplate, protruding from the back at a right angle to the head and widening towards the top of the head. The section of bow that remains is sub-triangular in section as the bow is very thick in the middle and thin along the edges. Two shallow ridges are just visible, running centrally down the centre of the bow. The patina of the fragment is, however, highly corroded; this has resulted in a patchy green-brown patina. There is a scratch running across the centre of the front surface of the head which has revealed the original shiny brown patina of the brooch; this damage probably occurred during discovery of the object. The dimensions of the fragment are: 24.90mm in length, 27.74mm in width and 5.00mm in maximum thickness. The weight of the fragment is 10.45g.

DENO-908DF7: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the early medieval period (c. AD 410-600). Most of the brooch has broken away, leaving only the stylised horse-head terminal, which at only 8mm wide is quite narrow. The horse-head is comprised of raised lozenge-shaped eyes trailing down to the triangular end of the muzzle. Length 33.26 mm, maximum thickness 3.25mm, weight 3.22g.

SUSS-90BED6: BROOCH
An incomplete Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper-alloy and gilded button brooch (c. 500 - c. 550). The pin and some of the rim are missing. This brooch is sub-circular in plan and the surviving parts of the rim is upturned and flares outwards at an angle of about 45°-50° from the plane of the plate. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated with a central chip-carved anthropomorphic forward facing mask, within a raised circular rim. The 'helmet' (or possibly hair) is formed of a distinct triangle. The eyebrows and nose are formed of a single element and the nose is a sub-triangular shape. Both eyes are sub-oval, one larger than the other and the cheeks are bulbous and also sub-oval. The horizontal mouth is pointed-oval. The rear face is flat and plain. There was a single pin-lug and a catch-plate. These are both damaged with little remaining. Viewing the rear, with the mask upright, the pin-lug is at 3 o' clock and the catch-plate is at 9 o' clock. All the decorative features are well defined. This front surface of the brooch has traces of gilding on a mid green patina. The brooch measures 14mm long, 15mm wide and 1.6mm thick. It weighs 1.43 grams. Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been used in different ways as dress fasteners. It is thought that they may have been used singly rather than in pairs like the similar but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and date between the later fifth and mid-sixth centuries. This example is a Suzuki Class A1 Alfriston (Suzuki 2008: 145-152, plates 1-30). Suzuki, S. 2008. Anglo-Saxon Button Brooches. Typology, Genealogy, Chronolgy. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press.

LEIC-ED362E: BROOCH
Foot and catch plate from an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy small long brooch. The brooch is broken in front of the catch plate part way within the bow; this bow bears a small area of decoration with a raised dorsal ridge between sunken panels. Just to the rear of the catch plate the upper surface is decorated with two transverse bands. Below this the foot of the brooch flares out to a flat, narrow undecorated terminal. The lower surface retains the incomplete catchplate. The object is in good condition, with a grey/green patina, is 40mm long, 9mm wide, 6mm thick and weighs 3.42g.

NMS-50AC01: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon cruciform brooch. Below the broken junction with the missing bow is a rectangular panel ramed by a pair of transverse engraved lines, a rectangular panel with chamfered sides and a grooved half-round moulding. The elongated animal head has protruding eyes and a strong median arris between and beyond flanking side nostrils. Iron corrosion on inner face of broken catchplate on reverse. Ancient break s. Length 49mm. Extant width 8mm. Weighs 10.15g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

WILT-90005E: BROOCH
An incomplete cast early medieval gilt copper-alloy button brooch, dating to the period AD 450-550. It is probably of Suzuki's class B. The pin is missing and there is some surface damage. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated in relief with what is probably a stylised human head facing, lying within two clearly defined concentric raised ribs, with a roughly cast or damaged outer ring. The face has been damaged in the soil but appears to consist of an arched feature for hair or helmet, two dots for eyes, semi circular features for ears and roughly parallel raised ridges for mouth. The reverse is undecorated and un gilded (this includes the outside edges of the rim) but has a standard pin lug and catchplate, both of which remain . It is 15.74mm in diameter, 2.68mm thck and weighs 2.57g. See KENT-AC16E8 for a similar brooch and where it says "Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been utilised in a number of ways including dress fasteners and as decorative brooches. From graves it appears that they were used singly rather than in pairs like the related but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and the Thames Valley with a date range of the later fifth century and the sixth century."

NMS-B9F542: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon brooch, probably a small-long, dating to the period c. AD 480 - 530. Only the central part of the head plate is now extant. This is broadly square, with a rectangular projection at the top. All edges termnate in old breaks. On the reverse is a scar indicating the position of the missing pierced pin lug surrounded by iron corrosion from the missing pin.

NMS-E2325B: BROOCH
Part of an Early Saxon gilt copper alloy Great square-headed brooch, comprising part of the openwork foot-plate, broken at both ends with the footplate bar flanked by two narrow ribs, the surviving side with animal-headed footplate upper border and a triangular perforation in the inner panel frame, side lobe missing. Scrap of the broken catch-plate on reverse. Ancient breaks. Extant length 53mm. Extant width 35mm. Weighs 21.99g. Leeds (1949) type B1, Hines Group XVI. The Group XVI type is the most numerous of great square-headed brooch types and is largely restricted to East Anglia. c. AD 520-570.

NMS-E545DB: BROOCH
Incomplete, pockmarked and corroded Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch with the outer parts of the headplate and the footplate terminal missing (ancient breaks). Form of headplate headplate uncertain. The badly damaged bow is D-sectioned with, at the top, a rectangular panel forming facets with two transverse grooves at the base, and traces of median grooves and transverse grooves where broken before the springing of the missing foot. On the reverse the corroded remains of the iron spring are corroded onto the single pin lug. Extant length 33mm. Extant width 15mm. Weight 5.82g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-E56C3E: BROOCH
Fragment of possible Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, D-sectioned bow, one end broken where the headplate is missing, the other end is broken a cross the stump of the missing foot, with slight scrap of the end of the missing catchplate on reverse. Extant length 20mm. Extant width 8mm. Weight 2.87g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-253E3B: BROOCH
Incomplete small Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, part of bow, headplate and the footplate terminal missing. At the base of D-sectioned bow a rectangular panel has three transverse grooves. The footplate begins with a plain panel with three transverse grooves at base above a panel with faceted sides, then a damaged half-round moulding with traces of transverse lines, below this a slightly splayed incomplete footplate. Broken catchplate on reverse. Ancient breaks. Extant length 38mm. Extant width 7.3mm. Weighs 3.42g. c.480 - c.500 AD.

Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch, roughly cast, unfinished, unfettled and undecorated with casting flashes, bent across mid-point. Diameter c.40-2mm. Thickness 2mm. Weight 10.81g. First half 6th century.

Incomplete Cruciform brooch, side knobs missing. Integral top knob above small rectangular headplate, broken slightly angled wings, side knobs missing. D-sectioned bow with at the top and base a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with two transverse grooves. Below two edge notches between two transverse grooves, the footplate tapers slightly and begins to expand again where broken. On reverse a single broken pin lug amidst iron corrosion, incomplete catchplate extends along the footplate to the break. Extant length 50mm. Extant width across 14mm. Åberg 1926 Group I. Mid to late 5th century.

NMS-39817C: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon tinned copper alloy cruciform brooch, irregular breaks across head-plate, upper and lower parts of brooch missing, slightly trapezoidal raised panel, splayed wings, both with integral waisted side knob. Single pin lug on reverse with remains of corroded iron pin. Ancient breaks. Extant length 18.5mm. Width 44mm. Weighs 6.88g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-4A4ECE: BROOCH
Early Saxon footplate of small-long brooch, ancient break above half-round moulding with broad groove between two narrow grooves, spatulate foot with straight lower edge and convex lower angles (one damaged). Between the moulding and expanded foot the sides are bordered by annular stamps, below which two transverse lines of annulets are bordered by two pairs of transverse lines. Extant length 26.5mm. Extant width 22mm. Thickness at moulding 3.5mm, at foot 2mm. Weighs 4.60g. c.480-c.530 AD.

Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, comprising an undecorated scrap of the headplate and a worn integral waisted top or side knob, slightly hollowed on reverse, half-round with an incised transverse groove above the waist and a pair of transverse grooves below. Knob length 10.5mm, width of knob 10.5mm. 4mm thick. Weight 3.99g. c.475 - c.550.

NMS-624EE3: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, recent break across the junction of bow with upper end of the foot, rectangular panel with two pairs of engraved transverse lines, faceted sides above a broad D-sectioned moulding with a broad groove and undecorated spatulate foot forming the terminal. Broken catchplate on the reverse. Extant length 40mm. Width at foot 18.5mm. 3.5mm thick. Weighs 6.76g. Late 5th-early 6th century.

YORYM-7A6128: BROOCH
Copper-alloy head knob fragment from early medieval Cruciform brooch (c. 450 - 650 AD). The knob is globular with a triangular base separated from the globular top by a depressed neck. A copper-alloy rivet runs down through the middle of the knob from the top; this would have attached the knob to the head of a cruciform brooch. The surface of the knob is chipped and worn in patches while a shiny smooth dark green-brown patina is retained in places. The length of the knob is 17.84mm, the width of the knob is 10.91mm and the thickness of the knob is 10.88m. The weight of the knob is 5.74g.

WAW-B6614A: BROOCH
Early Medieval (5th to 6th centuries) small-long brooch: The upper portion of the copper alloy brooch remains. It has a small square removed from the upper corners. The plate is decorated on the outer face with a border of a row of double-stranded sub semi-circles on the upper and side edges. At the upper corners there is a small conical cell. On the reverse of the brooch there is a vertical integral lug which has corroded iron around it, which was once the spring and pin. Protruding from the lower edge of the headplate, which isn't decorated, the integral bow protrudes, which is convex on the outer face, concave on the reverse and is sub-triangular in section. Either side of the upper edge of the bow, the lower edge of the plate has has a small notch as decoration. The bow has moulding on the upper and lower edge giving this portion of the bow a lightly pyramidal appearance. The lower edge of the bow is broken, but not recently. The brooch has a matte mid green patina. It measures 30.68mm long, 22.06mm wide, 12.13mm thick and weighs 10.43g. The brooch is an Early Medieval small-long brooch which date to the 5th to 6th centuries. This type of brooch was usually worn in pairs. A similar brooch is illustrated in MacGregor and Bolick (1993), No. 15.47 and 15.42 from Abingdon, Oxfordshire. MacGregor and Bolick 1993 A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections B.A.R. 120

SUR-4989A8: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy early Medieval saucer brooch decorated with three running spirals around a small circular boss in the centre. Much of the rim is missing. There are stumps for an in-line hinge and catchplate. Circa 6th century AD.

SUR-49E49B: BROOCH
A worn and incomplete Early (5th to 6th century) Anglo-Saxon copper alloy round or saucer brooch with a central pentagonal dome within pentagonal and concentric circular forms. The brooch has a diameter of around 25mm and has stubs of a hinge and catchplate on the back. Part of the flan and the hinge, catchplate and pin are missing. Very similar to Hattat (2000) 685, p378.

NMS-F7313C: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch, less than one fifth extant, both breaks not ancient and one across an internal pin constriction with rust staining from an iron pin. On the front face a row of punched impressions of short oblique lines runs close to both edges. Diameter 40mm. Thickness 1mm. Weight 1.36g. First half 6th century.

KENT-06BE02: BROOCH
A cast incomplete and worn Early Medieval Ansate also known as a 'caterpillar' brooch, fitting Thörle's group IV (Weetch Ansate type IV), dating c.AD 650 to AD850. Description: The brooch is of symmetrical bow form with square terminals that are slightly wider the bow. The bow is angular rather than rounded. Catchplate and pin arrangement is of standard type having a double, H-shaped pin-lug and curved catchplate. The pin survives only as a rust around the pin lug and catchplate. The upper surface of the brooch has incised decoration consisting of a diamond formed of four incised lines on the terminal knops and the apex of the bow. There are additional line incised on each side of the bow flanking the apex consisting of poorly executed lines six on the upper side and four on the lower. Each terminal knop flares slightly prior to the bow and the apex flares at each end creating flared concave sides. The entire brooch is mottled dark to light green save for the patches of orange brown rust on the rear of the brooch. The bottom knop has either a corroded hole, casting floor or other damage through it and the top knop is no longer near symmetrical due to abrasion Measurements: 38.55mm long, 9.08mm wide, 11.71mm thick and 6.2g in weight. Discussion: This brooch belongs to a well attested, although small group of Ansate brooches (Thörle group IV/Weetch Ansate type IV) most common from continental Europe, a small number are known from Britain mostly from East Anglia (Weetch 2014, 149-150). This example is the most southerly English outlier at the time of writing.

WAW-722235: BROOCH
An Early Medieval disc brooch: The copper alloy brooch is incomplete with all edges being abraded and is now oval, but was circular. The outer face being decorated with a series of low-relief ring and dot designs. The reverse of the brooch has two lugs forming an intermittent line. One lug is larger forming the catchplate which is incomplete. The other is smaller, and is incomplete and has a broken perforation, this would have formed the hinge. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete green patina otherwise it is heavily abraded. The brooch is 34.83mm long, 26mm wide, 6.89mm thick and weighs 6.78g. The disc brooch dates to the Early Medieval period, most likely to the mid 5th to mid 6th centuries. MacGregor and Bolick (MacGregor and Bolick 1993,57) comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. Tinning is common on these brooches (especially the more highly-decorated examples), but gilding is not encountered, adding to the impression that they occupy a position complementary to that of the saucer and applied brooches of the more affluent sections of Saxon society...There are no obvious Continental prototypes for these brooches, which seem to have been an insular Anglo-Saxon development. As a whole the type tends to occur south of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Within this region the upper Thames Valley is particularly productive and may have formed a major production centre. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period.' MacGregor and Bolick 1993 A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections B.A.R. 120

YORYM-851138: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the early medieval period (AD 450 - AD 600). Only the foot of the brooch has survived and terminates in a worn break at the top end. The design of the footplate is zoomorphic, beginning with a tranverse ridge. Below this, the brow or forehead of the animal is cleft by a V-section groove. This is followed by a pair of annulets, which are positioned either side of the plate to represent eyes. Below the eyes, there are two large, round protusions which curve on the inside edge around each side of the face - a design described in West (1998) as scrolled nostrils. There is also a ridge which runs centrally from the brow to the nostrils, in between the two eyes. The footplate then expands into a broad but short rectangular terminal, with rounded corners. The reverse is undecorated and mostly flat, although slightly concave behind the 'eyes'. The metal is worn and greyish green in colour. The brooch is 47.5 mm long, 27.4 mm wide, and 4.3 mm thick. It weighs 17.1 g. Similar designs of cruciform brooches can be found in West (1998, p. 157 fig. 41 no. 4 and p. 140 fig. 24 no. 9) and recorded on the PAS database, such as NMS-016837, LIN-107245 and NMS-BBA7F1. Reference: West, S.E., 1998 A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk Ipswich : Suffolk County Council

NMS-88B2DB: BROOCH
Early Saxon copper alloy side knob from a Cruciform brooch, full-round with broad transverse groove or waist, faceted conical terminal (lozenge-sectioned), oval-sectioned (15 x 14mm). A transverse perforation contains corroded remains of iron pin bar. Groove on inside face to fit against head-plate. Length 15mm. Weighs 9.35g. c. AD 450-475.

Incomplete Early Anglo-Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch, broken head-plate with remains of raised rectangular panel with addorsed triangular stamps along both sides of slight step, irregular granular break at outer edges, most of wings, knobs and upper part missing. Rectangular panel with opposed side notches and transverse line of stamped annulets at each end of the bent D-sectioned bow, creating triangular facets to either side. Stumps of rectangular lappets flank a trapezoidal panel bordered by double-triangular stamps. Below this is a half-round moulding with two broad transverse grooves between engraved lines before the animal-head terminal, which has prominent pellet eyes and a pair of twin lines of multiple tiny punched triangular dots defining the brows and running down on either side of the slight, rounded, median arris to the transverse granular break where the terminal is missing. In the centre of the reverse of the head-plate is a single, pierced pin-lug broken across the perforation, behind the panel with flanking lappets on the foot is a broken catchplate. Extant length 83mm. Extant width of head-plate 22mm. Weighs 37.2g. c.500-c.530.

NMS-C57EAF: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle Saxon copper alloy ansate brooch, Thörle (2001) Group X A 3, comprising a bow of triangular profile with longitudinal arris, on either side of which is a ring-and-dots between two pairs of transverse lines at the change of angle at mid-point and two groups of four transverse lines at both ends, at the junction with the head and foot plates. Both plates are decorated with two transverse lines of three ring-and-dots, set between and divided by transverse lines. Hollow reverse with the remains of twin pin-lugs, one broken across the perforation, and a broken catchplate. Length 40mm. Width 8mm. Weighs 5.37g. 7th-8th century AD.

BUC-05A179: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy early medieval great square-headed brooch, Hines's group XII, dating from the later 5th to 6th centuries. The fragment consists of the headplate, a fragment of a footplate was found close by (BUC-07C568) and is likely to be from the same brooch. The headplate of the brooch is decorated with a raised motif, and is divided into four sections by a series of borders. The inner panel of the headplate is decorated with a central rectangular motif, consisting of two raised rectangular frames. Within the two frames are three rows of four raised rectangles. In between the rectangular frames are three raised vertical lines. Surrounding all this is a raised rectangular border, followed by a thick high-relief frame. From the upper corners of this frame a lentoid motif projects on both corners. The next section of the headplate is decorated with irregular interlacing of raised triple strands, this is interrupted in the lower part of the section by the triangular shaped high relief bow which starts to curve downwards. This seems to be decorated with a series of horizontal lines, and the bow widens outwards to the left and right below the headplate, and arches both sides. As the bow descends along the two edges are raised rectangular pellet borders running vertically, with a raised border along both edges. The bow terminates in a worn break running horizontally across. The high relief frame that surrounds this section is only on three sides, the lower edge is the main outside border of the headplate. As with the inner frame the upper corners have lentoid motifs projecting on both corners. The next section is decorated with a triangle-in-circle motif border, the two side sections containing six and the upper section containing eight. Running along the inside edge and the lentoid motifs is a raised line. This is surrounded by the headplate frame. The sides of the frame are undecorated. The upper section of the frame is decorated with an interlocking triangular border. The downward facing triangles are decorated with an incised cross hatching, the upward facing triangles are undecorated. There is no decoration or gilding on the reverse of the brooch. On the lower part of the headplate are two projecting lugs, both are worn and broken. The left one has the remains of a circular recess, and there is traces of iron and iron corrosion between them. The brooch headplate has a dark green patina. The brooch is gilded, the remains of this is mainly in the recesses of the decoration. The headplate measures 65.9mm in length, 56.3mm in width, and 10.9mm at maximum thickness. It weighs 65.57g. Similar decoration on a headplate can be seen in Hines 1997, page 102, number 51b, and in records WAW-602D36 and WAW-3E1443.

BUC-07C568: BROOCH
A fragment of an early medieval great square-headed brooch of Hines' Group XII, dating to the later 5th to 6th century. The fragment consists of the foot of the brooch, and is most likely part of the same brooch as BUC-05A179. The fragment consists of the terminal lobe of the foot of the brooch, and one of the side lobes. In the centre of the terminal lobe there is a raised circular rounded disc, this is decorated with a central high relief circle surrounded by two circular high relief loops. Running vertically from the disc along the centre of the brooch are two parallel high relief lines, with a raised rectangular border running inside. This is broken almost half way up by a rectangular raised platform, containing four rows of four raised rectangles. After the platform the border of rectangles becomes higher relief to the brooch, and is trapezoidal in cross section. Surrounding this on either side is irregular interlacing of raised triple strands. This runs round the disc in a circular motif of interlacing triple strands; this is recurring alternately with three strands running vertically, and three stands running horizontally around the central disc. The side lobe is decorated similarly to the terminal lobe, with a raised central disc and the interlacing surrounding it. To the left of the disc is a high relief triangular motif, surrounded by a raised triangular border. Surrounding this is a raised V shape, with a curved loop projecting from each end, and from the centre of the V projecting on both sides into a curved loop. Across the top where the brooch would have extended to the square head, and to the left where the second side lobe would have been is a worn ragged and uneven break. The reverse is worn, with a rough circular patch near the breaks. There are small circular holes in the metal, possibly from when it was cast. There is no gilding or decoration. The brooch headplate has a dark green patina. The brooch is gilded, the remains of this is mainly in the recesses of the decoration. The headplate measures 66.7mm in length, 31.8mm in width, and 4.6mm at maximum thickness. It weighs 30.45g. Similar decoration on a headplate can be seen in Hines 1997, page 102, number 51b, and in records WAW-602D36 and WAW-3E1443.

NMS-1DF7CB: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 cross-potent type, part of the head with the top and one side missing, and the bow with rectangular panels forming facets at the top and base, both decorated with transverse grooves. The lower panel is truncated by a break. On the reverse an incomplete double pin lug is partly embedded in decayed iron from the spring. the breaks are not old. Extant length 26.5mm. Weight 4.36g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-2D3B23: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, Martin 2015, Group 2 or 3, comprising the headplate and broken bow with a step up or a rectangular panel forming facets at the top of the bow, the lower panel, foot and detachable side-knobs are missing. The waisted top knob is half-round, hollow-backed and with a transverse groove on its base. The trapezoidal central panel is decorated with a line of punched double triangular stamps as are the sides of both gently flaring wings. Much of the headplate and wings are obscured by a blackish decayed possibly organic deposit. The step up has remains of a transverse groove and a pair of side notches. The break on the bow is ancient. There is a single pin lug on the reverse. Extant length 59.5mm. Width 40mm. Weight 33.70g. c.475 - c.550.

NMS-45994E: BROOCH
Incomplete Middle/Late Saxon copper alloy openwork disc brooch. Equal-armed cross in openwork formed by four large circular cut-outs, just under half missing, traces of engraved ring-and-dots on face. A punched or drilled dot marks the centre. Neither catchplate nor pin lug are extant on the reverse. However, there is a rectangular depression containing corrosion at the end of one arm, probably for the missing lug or catchplate, the end of the opposite arm is missing. Diameter 27mm. 1mm thick. 9th-10th century.

NMS-9B5BF1: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy florid cruciform brooch of Martin's (2015) Type 3.3.1 dating to the period c. AD 550 - 575. Broken just below the bow, only the lappets and catchplate remain, terminating in an old break above the missing foot. The lappets consist of an outward facing sprial lappets on either side of a central ring-and-dot motif which retains traces of degraded red enamel. Below is a horizontal row of punched annulets followed by two horizontal grooves. Two vertical rows of punched annulets lead to a moulded ridge forming the junction between the catchplate and the missing foot. The ridge is decorated with two horizontal rows of opposed triangles, forming a series of lozengiform reserves in between, bordered above and below by two pairs of engraved horizontal lines. The remains of the catch project from the reverse, terminating in an old break. Traces of iron corrosion from the missing pin are visible along one side. See: Martin, T.F, 2015, p. 57.

NARC-9B88BF: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Cruciform Brooch of Early Medieval date (AD 450-550). The object is composed of a central flat rhomboid headplate with a double incised line at the boundary between the plate and knops. Three knops extend from the plate while the lower aspect broadens and curves to form the body of the brooch. The body terminates above the foot, below two incised transverse lines, in an old and abraded break. The foot, pin, catchplate and partial aspects of the knops, are missing due to old and abraded breaks. An integral lug projects from the back of the headplate which would have allowed the wire pin to be attached. The metal is as a light green in colour with a pitted patina. Length: 34.32mm, Width: 18.40mm, Thickness: 3.02mm, Weight: 4.4g. Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: HAMP-C81ED7, SF-073150 and LEIC-CAB57E Martin's group 2 EAA, West, S. (1998), A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material from Suffolk, P 164, Fig 47, No's 3-4.

YORYM-B2F212: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 400 - 600. Possibly a small cruciform type brooch. The head is sub-rectangular with much of the original edge being lost to old, worn breaks. An integral broken loop projects from the centre of the reverse of the head. From the centre of the lower edge of the head plate a D-sectioned arched bow extends terminating in a worn break. A band of transverse linear decoration is present where the plate and bow meet. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 31.7mm long, 15.2mm wide, 3.1mm thick and weighs 4.3g.

NMS-C3CD54: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch with the separately cast side knobs, the lower end of the bow and all of the footplate missing. The top knob is waisted and fully-round. The rectangular headplate comprises a flat panel between two wide chamfered planes. The flattened D-sectioned bow begins and ends with a rectangular panel forming facets, that at the top with three fine transverse engraved lines, that at the base incompleteand with two lines. A single pin lug is completely obscured by the decayed iron spring. Martin 2015, Group 1. Extant length 38mm. Width 15.2mm. Weight 8.9g. c.420 - c.475.

NMS-C3FEB5: BROOCH
Fragments of two Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooches, Cruciform or Small-long, late 5th - early 6th century: - part of one edge of a headplate with a waisted knob of rather flat D-shaped cross-section with two concavities on the reverse and a transverse groove on the base and dome. Extant dimensions 15.2 x 12.5 x 2.5mm. Weight 1.37g. - headplate with side and upper edges missing and the upper end of a D-sectioned bow with little more than a rectanmgular panel extant. A single pin lug is almost completely covered by remains of an iron spring. Extant length and width 22 and 22.5mm. Weight 7.18g.

WMID-D93548: BROOCH
An Early Medieval copper-alloy circular button brooch dating to circa AD 450-550. The brooch is missing its pin. The brooch is circular in form with a flaring rim. The brooch has a central face, possibly helmeted, with an arch above the eyes and a long nose and circular eyes. The brooch has a hinge and catchplate on the reverse. No traces of gilding are visible. Parallels recorded on the Pas database include (BERK-572326) and (BERK-A2C187) discovered in Oxfordshire. Most button brooches have been discovered in Southern Britain, only a small number have been recorded from elsewhere. The most northerly appears to be Yorkshire with a large concentration coming from Kent, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Note: The dimensions of this brooch were originally recorded as 5.1 mm in diameter, 4.6 mm in thickness and 3.2g in weight. This diameter seems unlikely and from the photograph it seems more like 18-19mm in diameter, so the 'diameter' field below has accordingly been changed.

PUBLIC-EC1C1D: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the early medieval period (AD 450 - AD 600). The fragment comprises the flat foot of the brooch in the form of an animal head. The head is sub rectangular in form, consiiting of a central shaft which flares out towards a flat triangular base with rounded edges, The shaft is flanked by two circular protrusions, often described as 'nostrils' above which are curved linear bands. The underside of the brooch is plain, with some iron staining present. Similar records: CAM-CC5188, SUR-85F618, YORYM-851138 and SF-8C7643.

NMS-2BBEE7: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, the lower part of the footplate only. Broken at both ends in antiquity with worn transverse breaks across animal head muzzle of flattened D-shaped section, above and below the nostrils, the latter at a slight recessed transverse step. Extant length 14mm. Width 10mm. Thickness 2.7mm. Weighs 1.42g. c.480 - c.530.

IOW-321254: BROOCH
An incomplete Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper-alloy gilded button brooch (c. 450-c. 550). Probably Class B (Suzuki 2008: 54-58, plates 67-108). Parts of the rim, pin and catch-plate are missing. The rim is upturned and flaring at an angle of about 35°. Within the grooved border is a central chip-carved anthropomorphic forward facing mask. The helmet or hair is a pointed shape. The straight eyebrows and triangular nose are formed of a single element. Both eye sockets are pentagonal. One eye is complete and lozenge shaped. The other eye is missing due to corrosion. The horizontal mouth is small and 'lentoid' shaped. The rear surface is flat. At the rear there is a single pin-lug and a catch-plate. The pin lug is largely obscured by iron corrosion. The curled-over part of the catch-plate that secured the pin-tip is missing. The tip end of the pin is missing. The pin-lug is situated at 3 o' clock and the catch-plate is at 9 o' clock. This brooch is corroded green and damaged with gilding at the front. There is no indication of burning or melting. Length: 16.3mm; width: 15.7mm; thickness: 4.9mm; thickness including pin-lug: 10.0mm. Weight: 3.76g. Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been used in different ways as dress fasteners. It is thought that they may have been used singly rather than in pairs like the similar but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and date between the later fifth and mid-sixth centuries. Suzuki, S. 2008. Anglo-Saxon Button Brooches. Typology, Genealogy, Chronolgy. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press

Incomplete Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy Ansate brooch, one arm missing (old break). Thörle 2001 Gruppe X C. Hübener 1972, Gruppe 9. On the reverse one lug of a double pin lug is present with a hole blocked by a decayed iron spindle. Casting was probably faulty because, instead of a scar of a second lug, there is a thin patch of silvery solder. The cross-section of the arm and bow is D-shaped and decoration comprises five transverse ribs, of which one is missing; that in the centre of the bow and that at the extant terminal are notched. Estimated length 37mm. Width 7.9mm. Weight 3.94g. 9th century

ESS-436EA8: BROOCH
Copper alloy Early Medieval brooch c.450-550AD. The brooch is cruciform in shape and composed of a flat headplate with three protuding knops. On the front of the main body there is an incised transverse line. The main body is curved and has a tapered end. On the reverse is a partial lug for the pin to be attached. Length 35.9mm Width 27.0mm Thickness 8.5mm Weight 8.4g

DUR-56B3E3: BROOCH
A copper alloy and iron Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch fragment, dating from the Early Medieval period, AD 410-600. The brooch comprises a rhomboid central panel with fragments of the head plate/wings on either side, one more complete than the other. The central plate is decorated at both edges with a line of small incised semi-circles with an incised dot inside. There is a narrow lip or edge protruding from the wider edge of the central panel, 3.97 mm at its widest. A cylindrical lug behind the head retains a mass of iron corrosion from the pin which would have been sprung. The brooch measures 23.60mm in length, 28.64mm in width and 2.90mm thick. The pin lug is 15.48mm long by 6.36mm deep. A strict adherence to Martin's (2015, 313) 'Fragment Classification' would designate this fragment as 'Hpu', essentially identifiable only as a Cruciform headplate, and bearing none of the characteristics that might place is in a recognisable class. However, based on the 'Class A5' punchmark decoration (semi-circular, with smaller internal semi-circle) on the central panel (ibid, 152-3), it is likely that the brooch belongs to either 'Hp2c' or 'Hp3a', placing the headplate in phase B of Martin's (ibid, 313) overall cruciform classification. In a final note of caution however, Martin (ibid, 314) notes that small long brooches also occasionally feature panelled headplates. There are similar Cruciform brooches, with rhomboid plates, on the database at NLM-FDD34 and NARC-9B88BF, and further phase B brooches, were identified as part of the assemblage (DUR-75B54D) also discovered in the near vicinity. Of the latter assemblage, Cruciform 3 bears similar A5 punchmarks. Ref: Martin, T.F., 2015. The cruciform brooch and Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon studies. Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, England.

YORYM-B92B01: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 450 - 600. All that remains of the brooch is a zoomorphic terminal, possibly in the form of a horse's head. The fragment is narrow, comprising a spatulate terminal from which the D-sectioned bow extends, terminating in a worn break. The spatulate terminal bears moulded double banded chevron decoration extending from a central ridge. The ridge terminates in a double grooved chevron where the terminal "snout" becomes the shaft of the brooch. Midway along the shaft, two bulbous eyes project, one to either side. Four transverse ribbed ridges are present above this. The broken end of the shaft curves upward slightly before the break. The base of the curve is decorated with a further group of four transverse ribbed ridges. The reverse of the brooch is flat and undecorated. The metal has a dark brown patina and is worn. The brooch fragment is 45.6mm long, 9.1mm wide, 6mm thick and weighs 6.3g. Numerous similar example are illustrated on EEA 84 (1998), including p.133, fig.17, no.1 from Cavenham, Suffolk and p.168, fig.51, no.6 from Icklingham, Suffolk. A similar, more complete example has also been recorded on the PAS database as NMS-F01A8C. Ref: West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

NMS-BFD2AC: BROOCH
Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy brooch, probably a Cruciform, comprising a damaged and worn footplate with twin engraved lines on the remains of a half-round moulding at the upper end and an irregular break across the slightly expanded beginning of the probable animal-head terminal. Broken catchplate on reverse. Extant length 23mm. Extant width 15.5mm. Weight 7.42g. c.480 - c.530 AD.

NMS-C00B61: BROOCH
Fragment, broken bow and an incomplete footplate, of an Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch, with ancient breaks. D-sectioned bow flattened at both ends. Upper part of footplate with chamfered sides, stump of catchplate on reverse. Extant length 25.5mm. Width 8mm. Weight 3.27g. c.480 - c.530.

NMS-D503D7: BROOCH
Part of an Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Cruciform, abraded fragment of the upper end of a footplate with two transverse rows of punched dots. Part of the catchplate survives. The breaks are ancient. Extant length and width 12.5 and 14.5mm. Weight 3.53g. Late 5th - mid 6th century.

NMS-D7AE06: BROOCH
Early Saxon gilt copper alloy florid cruciform brooch, Leeds and Pocock's (1971) Group V. Martin 2015, Group 4, Åberg Group V. Square head plate with rectangular central panel within two bordering frames, the inner one of sub triangular profile with multiple transverse grooves on the middle section of each side of the frame. The integral top and side knobs each have a sub-rectangular Style I mask with large eyebrows with curled terminals, pelleted eyes, nose and transverse double-ribbed moustache emerging from which is a splayed projection with the remains of silver applique sheet. There is a rectangular panel forming facets at both ends of the D-sectioned bow. Two elaborate lappets with stylised beaked heads flank the plain rectangular panel on the upper part of the foot, the sides of which are chamfered below the projecting lappets. Below this is a transverse half round moulding with broad groove between worn remains of pairs of incised lines. The terminal comprises a large sub-rectangular Style I mask with large eyebrows with curled terminals, pelleted eyes, nose and transverse double-ribbed moustache with curled-over terminals emerging from which is a splayed projection with remains of silver applique sheet. On the reverse a single pin lug is flanked by the corroded remains of the iron pin (almost all missing) and the spring. There is a catchplate on the reverse of the footplate. Length 123mm. Extant width 66mm. Weight 73.48g. c. AD 525-570.

NMS-2A64AA: BROOCH
Distorted bow of an Early Saxon coper alloy Cruciform brooch, both breaks ancient and there is recent damage on the sides. The reverse is flat and there is a median arris on the front, with a rectangular panel forming facets at both ends. A small part of the lower edge of the headplate remains at the top. A chunky example: extant length (as compressed by distortion) 24.5mm; width 19 - 21mm; weight 15.74g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

NMS-2ADDC2: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy Small-long brooch of Leeds 1945 Trefoil-headed type, in two pieces with a recent break near the upper end of the bow. The lower part of the footplate is missing (an old break). The bow is D-sectioned with a rectangular panel forming facets at the top and base. On both there is a pair of edge notches, with one transverse groove on the upper one and a pair on the lower. At the top of the footplate edge notches lie above a pair of transverse grooves, with side chamfers above the collar which comprises a transverse rib between grooves. On the reverse a single pin lug is flanked by traces of the iron spring. Extant length 53mm. Width 25.5mm. Weight 10.60g. Late 5th - early 6th century.

Fragment of a probable Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooch, a distorted, round-sectioned pin formed from rolled and beaten sheet, with its loop engaged with two pieces of sheet. Both of the latter are rectangular and with three intact sides, and both carry silvery solder on one face. They are probably the overlapping terminals of the frame. Pin length c.38mm. Width of fragments 7 and 8.4mm. Weight 1.54g. First half 6th century.

NMS-7EB838: BROOCH
Just under half of a copper alloy Ansate brooch. The incomplete bow is of triangular cross-section and the ovoid terminal is engraved with a saltire between three ring-and-dots. Catchplate on the reverse. Extant length 20mm. Width 13.5mm (width of bow 5mm). Weighs 1.86g. Hübener 1972, Gruppe 1. Thörle 2001, Gruppe 2A. 8th century.

NMS-E995CA: BROOCH
Incomplete and abraded late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch with cast Borre style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double contoured knots. Parts of the edge are missing. No pin fittings survive on the reverse. Diameter c.27mm. Thickness 1mm. Weighs 2.12g. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, 252, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, 23, fig. 28 and Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, 28, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2013, East Anglian Series Type I.

NMS-EA85CE: BROOCH
Incomplete and very worn late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch with cast Borre-style decoration, comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse are stumps of the pin fittings, the pin lug set parallel to the edge and the catchplate at a right angle to it (an Anglo-Scandinavian arrangement). Diameter 26.5mm. Thickness 1mm. Weight 4.21g. 10th century. Kershaw 2013, 56 - 65, East Anglian Series Type I.

Molten fragment of a possible Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch comprising an incomplete bow and part of headplate and knob. Extant length 21mm. Extant width 14mm. Weighs 3.64g. c.480-c.550.

Fragment of an Early Saxon Cruciform brooch, a separately cast copper alloy waisted side knob with remains of an iron spring bar in a median hole. The cross-section is three-quarter round, i.e. the reverse is flat, and there is a slot in the proximal end for the edge of the headplate. Decoration consists of a pair of transverse engraved grooves on the base and a single groove on the dome. Length, width and thickness 13.6, 9.9 and 8.5mm. Weight 5.59g. Late 5th century.

An incomplete copper-alloy annular brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 470 - 570. The brooch is circular with a rectangular cross section and a recess for the pin. The remains of a pin are looped around the recess though the shaft has been lost to worn breaks. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated with a series of punched annulets. The reverse is undecorated. The metal has a dark green patina and is extremely worn. The brooch is 31.3mm in diameter, 4.5mm wide, 1.9mm thick and weighs 3.5g. Similar brooches have been recorded on the PAS database. For examples see: FAKL-C2D107, NARC-63CBFD and NMS-0436EA.

NARC-3BEFA3: BROOCH
A fragment of a Small Long Brooch of Early Medieval date (AD 500-600). The object is composed of a small square plate, with notches removed from the lower corners. The plate is decorated on the upper face with an incised, double linear border, with an outer row of repeating transverse notches. On the reverse of the brooch there is a vertical integral lug with a central circular perforation. Protruding from the lower edge of the headplate is an integral bow, which is convex on the outer face, concave on the reverse and D shaped in section. The bow has moulding on the upper and lower edge giving this portion of the bow a lightly pyramidal appearance. The lower edge of the bow has a double transverse line below which the bow is broken. The pin, partial bow, foot and catchplate are missing due to old and abraded breaks. The metal is mid-green in colour with areas of light green corrosion product. Length: 31.05mm, Width: 19.19mm, Thickness: 4.97mm, Weight: 6.6g.

DEV-7FBAA8: BROOCH
An Early Medieval copper alloy cruciform or small-long brooch, probably dating to c. AD 450-600. The brooch is amost complete missing only the pin and with the rear edge of the catchplate lost, The head of the brooch is unelaborated, 8.1mm wide by 7.5mm high. It is decorated with two transverse grooves at its apex and two V-shaped short incised grooves on either edge. A sub-triangular lobe projects from its reverse, the latter is perforated and retains traces of a copper alloy axis bar. The bow expands from below the head in a highly arched curve. The bow is plano-convex in cross-section, 6.5mm wide by 3.9mm thick. Two transverse ridges mark the space immediately below the head, whilst a more extensive ridged area covers the lower bow and continues onto the foot; with three and two ridges respectively. The foot is slightly faceted, with two slightly beveled longitudinal faces flanking a central face, and expands in width to 8.2mm at the terminal. The terminal is deliniated by an incised transverse groove, with two further short v-shaped grooves, one from either edge, below. The bottom of the foot is indented, with a V-shaped indentation creating a bifurcated appearance. An incomplete, sub-trapezoidal catchplate expands from the reverse, surviving to create a maximum thickness of 8.4mm. Overall dimensions: length 45.5mm; width 8.2mm; thickness 8.4mm; weight 8.84g. A range of brooches of comparable form are published by MacGregor & Bolick (1993), although none are identical, lacking the typically integral upper knop of cruciform brooches (there is no indication of a break), as well as the flaring foot of long-small brooches. Albeit incomplete, cf. LEIC-ACAD91 on this database.

DENO-941B9F: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy composite disc brooch of Scandinavian attribution, dating c. AD 900-950. The brooch is a two-piece construction, consisting of an openwork domed decorative front plate attached to a solid backplate via a central circular-sectioned rivet. The front plate demonstrates decoration in the Jellinge style, of a thin and sinuous beast whose body weaves and intertwines into a broadly triangular shape, the hindleg gripping the foreleg. On the rear, the backplate demonstrates a double-lugged pin hinge containing fragment of copper alloy wire (the pin is missing) and an accompanying catchplate, above which is the remains of a perpendicular loop which originally would have been used for a chain to be attached. The brooch is broken in several places on both sides. It measures 29.5 mm in diameter, 7.3 mm thick including the remnants of the pin-lugs and weighs 7.73 g. These brooches have been the subject of studies by Ingmar Jansson (Jansson in Arwidsson 1984), James Graham-Campbell (1985) and Jane Kershaw (2009). There are two main forms of this type, one of composite construction with a separate backing plate, and a one-piece form. Identical brooches have been found in Birka (Sweden) Dahre and Hamburg (Germany) and Randers, Alborg and Lolland (Denmark), suggesting a south-Scandinavian origin for these objects (Kershaw 2013, p. 317). Similar objects are recorded onto the PAS: CAM-371E87, LEIC-A30166, SF-227BA2, NCL-7E9EE5, NMS-A1C350, NMS-E324E1 and SWYOR-114BB0. References Arwidsson, G., 1984 Birka II:1,Systematische Analysen der Graeberfunde Stockholm : Birka, 58-74 Graham-Campbell, J., 1985 Two Scandinavian disc brooches of Viking Age date from England, 65, 448-9, pl. XCVIIa-c. Kershaw, J. (2009) Culture and Gender in the Danelaw: Scandinavian and Anglo-Scandinavian Brooches, Volume 5, 317, 11

SWYOR-354108: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon brooch, probably a great square-headed brooch dating from AD 400 - 600. Only part of the head-plate and part of the upper half of the bow survive. The surviving part of the head-plate has two rectangular panels alongside the top of the bow. These bear scrolled decoration. The bow is ridged or fluted longitudinally with a wide central rib flanked by wide grooves, and a raised outer edge on each side. The stumps of a pair of integrally cast perforated lugs are present on the back of the head-plate; the missing iron spring/pin mechanism would have been attached to these.The breaks are very worn and fully patinated. The brooch has a rich dark brown patina. The fragment is 24.3mm long,33.7mm wide and 11mm thick. 15.7g. The brooch can be compared to SUSS-160236 which has similar scrolled decoration. The record notes that the scrolled decoration "is paralleled on a silver great square-headed brooch of Hines Group I from Dartford, Kent (Hines 1997, pl.2(a), 324), but also on a Kentish square-headed brooch from Bifrons (Leeds 1949, no.2) and two unclassified square-headed brooches from the Fens (Hines 1997, pl.95(a and b)." and suggests that a relationship with the brooches of Hines' Group I (the manufacture of which he dates to circa 500-520) seems probable. LVPL-8533A7 also has similar scrolled decoration.

DENO-8A7E57: BROOCH
An Early Medieval copper alloy small-long brooch. The brooch is characterised by a square headplate, wider than the body containing four peforations. The headplate has worn and corroded. The reverse of the head containing the fastener is badly corroded, causing the two bottom performations to become blocked. The bow of the brooch is raised in a semi-cricle. The footplate contains a raised band, set above a T-shaped impression which extends into the finial. The finial is splayed and triangular/shovel-shaped. The catch plate on the reverse is located opposite the footplate. Suggested date: Early Medieval: 500-600 AD. Length 69.3mm, Width 23mm, Weight 17.7g.

NLM-E09B6F: BROOCH
Copper alloy probable brooch fragment. Cast fragment from the head of a cruciform brooch comprising a half-round knob with deep basal collar springing from the centre of a flat plate with a lug on the back. Fiercely abraded. The object appears to be from a one-piece version or copy of the head of a cruciform brooch. Suggested date: Early Medieval, 500-600. Height: 29.0mm, Width: 18mm, Thickness (plate, clear of lug): 1.6mm, Weight: 7.78gms

NMS-E1182C: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch, with moulded Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse the stumps of a perforated single pin lug is aligned parallel with the edge, there is a patch of solder where the catchplate is missing. Diameter 30mm. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, fig. 24 no. 1 and Kershaw 2010, 186-187. This piece belongs to Kershaw's East Anglian Series Type 1 (unpublished PhD thesis, Oxford). This example was found within a few feet of a similar brooch, perhaps worn as a pair (NMS-E12321).

NMS-E12321: BROOCH
Late Saxon copper alloy disc brooch, with moulded Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse is a damaged transversely-set catchplate. There is a patch of solder where the pin-lug is missing. Edge damaged. Diameter 28.5mm. Weighs 5.18g. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, Margeson and Williams in Ayers 1985, fig. 24 no. 1 and Kershaw 2010, 186-187. This piece belongs to Kershaw's East Anglian Series Type 1 (unpublished PhD thesis, Oxford). This example was found within a few feet of a similar brooch, perhaps worn as a pair (NMS-E1182C).

NMS-E140D0: BROOCH
Incomplete and worn late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch with cast Borre-style decoration, comprising a concave-sided figure with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. On the reverse are stumps of the pin fittings, the pin lug, with rust from the iron pin, set parallel to the edge and the catchplate at a right angle to it (an Anglo-Scandinavian arrangement). Diameter 28mm. Thickness (excluding pin fixings) 1.2mm. Weight 3.43g. 10th century. Kershaw 2013, 56 - 65, East Anglian Series Type I.

BUC-1DCDAC: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy cast button brooch dating from the Anglo Saxon period, AD410-1066. The brooch is dished and depicts a stylised raised face with a long nose, oval eyes and helmet design. The brooch is a dark brown colour with areas of the red copper colour showing through. The base of the hinge and catch remain but the pin is missing. The brooch has a dark green brown patina. The brooch's diameter is 16.63 mm, it is 2.89mm thick and weighs 3.35g. Similar examples can be found in MacGregor, A. and Bolick, E.,1993, A summary catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon collections (non-ferrous metals), Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, p54-56.

NMS-1FEE0D: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Saxon copper alloy small long brooch Leeds 1945 Trefoil-headed type dating to the period c. AD 475 - 525. Only the head survives. The central panel of the head is square, with three semi-circular lobes, two of which are intact. The edge of each intact lobe exhibits a series of punched crescents. The reverse of the head exhibits the stubs of a pierced double lug which would have housed the pin mechanism. See: Leeds, E.T, 1945, p. 11, fig. 4.d.

NARC-EC019E: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Cruciform Brooch of Early Medieval date (AD 450-550). The object is composed of a central flat rhomboid headplate with an incised line at the boundary between the plate and knops. Two knops extend from the plate, on partial and a third is missing, while the lower aspect broadens and curves to form the body of the brooch. The body terminates part way down the bow in an old and abraded break. The foot, pin, catchplate and partial aspects of the knops, are missing due to old and abraded breaks. An integral lug projects from the back of the headplate which would have allowed the wire pin to be attached. There is light brown corrosion product around the lug indicating the pin was likely iron. The metal is as a light green in colour with a smooth. Length: 34.56mm, Width: 16.20mm, Thickness: 7.74mm, Weight: 6.9g. Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NARC-9B88BF, SF-073150 and LEIC-CAB57E Martin's group 2 EAA, West, S. (1998), A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material from Suffolk, P 164, Fig 47, No's 3-4.

NMS-730DC7: BROOCH
Fragment of Early Saxon copper alloy bow brooch, Cruciform or Small-long, incomplete bow and upper part of footplate only, rectangular panel at end of bow at junction with broken foot, traces of transverse mouldings before break. Stump of catchplate on reverse. Ancient breaks. Extant length 27mm. Extant width 7.5mm. Weighs 2.02g. c.480 - c.530.

YORYM-87D051: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper-alloy early medieval small-long brooch (c. 425 - 600 AD). The fragment consists of the flat square head of the brooch, which would have had arms extending from the sides and the top similar to a cruciform brooch: these have been broken off, leaving a jagged edge. From the bottom of the head, the bow of the brooch curves out and down. The bow is rectangular in section and the back of the bow is concave, while the front is convex. The bow is delineated from the head at the front by a shallow transverse ridge that is accentuated by two parallel grooves running transversally across its top edge, and a further two running across its bottom parameter. An identical ridge and groove boundary is evident at the point where the bow has broken off. On analogy with more complete examples of this brooch type, the extent of the missing part of the bow is confined to the foot only. There is a lug for a pin positioned centrally on the back of the head; this has broken in half, leaving two spurs and a semi-circular gap between them. The pin is missing. The brooch fragment has a won surface with a dark green patina due to corrosion of the copper-alloy. It is 34.57mm in length, 18.57mm at maximum width and 5.26mm in thickness. The weight of the brooch fragment is 5.01g. For examples of more complete versions see West (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material from Suffolk, Figure 47.4; 48.9-13. Examples from the database include: DENO-8A7E57 and NMS-2ADDC2.

LIN-9F1EB3: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy small-long brooch dating to the Early Medieval period (c. AD 500-600). The brooch comprises the partial head, bow and foot, and partial catchplate. The pin is missing. The head of the brooch is flat and shows the remains of two projections to the left and above, which may have once been a cruciform design. On the reverse of the head are two projections which would have accommodated the pin mechanism. The bow extends from the head at the lower end, forming a slight curve outwards. At either end of the bow is a rectangular moulding. The foot extends from the lower moulding below the bow. Just above the foot terminal is a long rectangular collar. The foot has been bent upwards out of shape. On the reverse of the foot is the partial catchplate. The brooch has a mid- to light green patina. The overall dimensions are as follows: 56.33mm in length, 17.03mm in width, 8.38mm in thickness and 10.85g in weight.

NMS-9FDC53: BROOCH
Incomplete late early-medieval Anglo-Scandinavian disc brooch dating to the period c. AD 900 - 1000. The front exhibits cast Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided lozenge with a central circular recess. Each of the four corners of the lozenge extends to form interlaced, double contoured knots. The brooch exhibits two small chips which have removed approximately 15% of the circumference and is heavily worn. On the reverse is a broken stub indicating the position of the missing single, perforated pin lug of Anglo-Saxon type, set parallel to the edge of the brooch. Opposite this is the integrally cast looped catchplate of Scandinavian form, set at a right angle to the rim of the brooch (Kershaw, 2013, p. 39, fig. 2.14). A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a relatively standardised design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, and Margeson, S. and Williams, V. in Ayers 1985, 28-9, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2013, 56-61, fig. 3.19 East Anglian Series Type I.

LIN-A0B03D: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy brooch of the cruciform type, dating to the Early Medieval period (c. AD 400 - 600). Only the foot and lower bow survive, the rest of the object having broken away in antiquity. The foot is in the shape of a beast's head with moulded, ridged eyebrows and prominent rounded eyes. The snout extends towards the terminal of the brooch with a prominent raised bridge of the nose and raised nostrils. The 'nostrils' are two upturned Style I beaked heads in profile with caps, curled beaks and pellets for an eye. The terminal is indicated by a double collar, the upper with vertical line decoration and the lower with horizontal line decoration. Just above the eyes of the animal is the remains of the bow, indicated by a narrow projection terminating in a worn break. The reverse of the brooch is flat where the eyes of the animal are and slightly voided where the snout of the animal is. Similar examples recorded on the PAS database include: SF-7EE63C and LVPL-725484. The overall dimensions are as follows: 41.77mm in length, 21.12mm in width, 4.53mm in thickness and 10.07g in weight.

LIN-B031BF: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy trefoil brooch dating to the Early Medieval period (c. AD 850-950). Two out of three arms of the trefoil are intact and these two arms have been bent round so that the rounded tips meet. The pin is now missing though the remains of an integral lug to attach the pin are apparent in the centre of one of the arms on the reverse. The decoration on the face of the brooch consists of a central triangle formed of two incised lines. Each arm of the brooch also has a double incised border which butts up to the central triangle. Inside this border, each arm is decorated with a further linear border, which contains a series of diagonally positioned sub-triangular 'nicks' running down each edge, giving the appearance of a leaf motif. Similar examples recorded on the PAS database include: LEIC-A43E83; LIN-56D731; and DENO-E9A0F5. Both Scott (2014) and Daubney (2012) have noted that this style of brooch can be classified as Maixner Type G 1.3. The overall dimensions are as follows: 20.07mm in length, 17.85mm in width, 13.53mm in depth, 1.62mm in thickness and 5.63g in weight. References: Scott, W (2014) LEIC-A43E83: A EARLY MEDIEVAL BROOCH Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/600870 [Accessed: 26 Jan 2018 10:28:36] Daubney, A (2012) LIN-56D731: A EARLY MEDIEVAL BROOCH Web page available at: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/524038 [Accessed: 26 Jan 2018 10:28:48]

WILT-3ABB30: BROOCH
An Early Medieval copper alloy small-long brooch, probably dating to AD 500-600.The brooch is complete, missing only its pin and with some abrasion to the catchplate. The brooch has a sub-square headplate, decorated with a border of punched crescents. A single perforated lug projects from the reverse, this retains iron corrosion from a probable iron pin. The bow of the brooch is plano-convex in cross section, and flanked by transverse, double-stranded moulded collars above and below. The foot tapers slightly into a sub-square moulding, below which is a worn break. An incomplete catchplate projects from the reverse. Dimensions: 48.77mm in length; 22.52mm in width; 9.7g in weight. cf. West (1998: 230) nos. 112.3 & 113.3.

GLO-67FE0E: BROOCH
Late Saxon Anglo-Scandinavian disc brooch dating to the period c. AD 900 - 1000. The front exhibits cast Borre-style decoration comprising a concave-sided lozenge with a central circular domed stud. Each of the four corners of the lozenge extends to form interlaced, double contoured knots. One side is truncated resulting in the loss of about 30% of the brooch. On the reverse are the remains of two perforated lugs that would have held the pin in-between. Only the base of these lugs remains and both exhibit a much worn break, opposite is the base of a catch plate, again the break is very worn and old. Evenly spaced at each quarter around the outside edge are three perforated holes (1.5mm in diameter), there would presumable be a fourth but which falls in the missing section. NMS-2FAA5E records this as a common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a relatively standardised design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, and Margeson, S. and Williams, V. in Ayers 1985, 28-9, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2013, 56-61, fig. 3.19 East Anglian Series Type I. Similar brooches are recorded as NMS-7446E3, LIN-66380B, YORYM-B4C4BD and SF-EF2ACD

KENT-77D68E: BROOCH
A near complete cast early Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon, c. 480-550) gilt copper-alloy button brooch. Description: The brooch comprises a circular base with angled walls (turning outwards) surrounding it creating a 'saucer' shape. The face of the brooch is in high relief and formed of an impressed wedge shaped nose which splits into a thin convex moustache. Below sits a wide open mouth formed by the lower lip which curves down to a point at the middle. From either side of the bridge of the nose two curved lines form cheeks with a pair of eyes set above and to the right. Above the bridge of the nose is a circular annulet from which curve a pair of eyebrows. The image of the face is set within a circular border of impressed pairs of pellets. The reverse is plain and undecorated with the pin bar lug and catch plate scar being located at 9 O'clock and 3 o'clock. The pin bar lug features heavy iron corrosion. The brooch remains in good condition although, as it is missing its' pin and catchplate and also has some abrasion and is bent around the rim. Measurements: 19.22mm in diameter, 7.76mm thick (including catchplate and lug, 3.12 mm thick without) and 4.67g in weight. Discussion: Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been utilised in a number of ways including dress fasteners and as decorative brooches. From graves it appears that they were used singly rather than in pairs like the related but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and the Thames Valley, with a date range of the later fifth century and the sixth century. Other similar examples on the database include: KENT-25223B; KENT-AC16E8; KENT-D20192.

WAW-8FBB7C: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy one-piece strip brooch dating to the Early Medieval period (c. AD 720-820). The brooch is lozenge shaped with a flat face and reverse. The chip-carved decoration on the face has been divided into lozenge-shaped quarters, with each quarter containing a quatrefoil. The top most quatrefoil has raised indents between each petal. On the reverse the spring and the majority of the pin remain intact with the very end of the pin missing. The catch is present but bent upwards to lie flush against the back of the brooch. The face has a small crack on the top right hand edge. Similar examples recorded on the PAS database include: NLM-FB5746; HAMP-7FBF17; SUR-47F8A7; and WMID-054B67. A comparable gilded copper alloy example can also be see in the British Museum collections (museum no. 1999,0102.1). The overall dimensions are as follows: 35.63mm in length, 26.65mm in width, 9.26mm in thickness and 4.41g in weight.

LIN-CF55D8: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast, copper-alloy early medieval (early Anglo-Saxon) florid cruciform brooch, dating to the 6th century. Only the headplate knob survives. The fragment consists of a broadly rectangular flat plate with an anthropomorphic face comprising of heavy curved brows which terminate in upward curls, wedge-shaped nose, oval pellets for eyes with two raised rectangular ridges below the eyes. Above the head is a transverse ridge, extending from here is a semi-circular plate which would have been affixed to the brooch headplate. Traces of gilding. Probably belonging to Martin Type 4.6.1 which are dated to c.AD525-560/70. Surviving length: 26.39 mm; Width: 21.48 mm; Thickness: 2.37 mm; Weight: 4.17g

YORYM-E634F5: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 475 - 550. Only a single separately made head knop remains. The knop is circular with a narrowed waist and circular base. A sub-rectangular projection extends from one side of the base by which the knop would have attached to the brooch proper. The metal has a dark green patina and is worn. The object is 18.3mm long, 5.3mm wide, 2.8mm thick and weighs 4.8g. NMS-C13F18 is a more complete cruciform type brooch with similar knops. Separately cast head knops have also been recorded as SUR-D43A4B, DENO-A9EAE3 and FAKL-910E67.

NMS-F7B35C: BROOCH
Incomplete copper-alloy brooch of late early-medieval date, of Kershaw's East Anglian Series. It was originally flat and circular, but now all of the edges are missing and the brooch is corroded. The relief decoration is unworn, and consists of a central double-strand concave-sided lozenge, with a central sunken circle; each corner is extended to form double-strand interlace of loose knots which wrap underneath the lozenge's corners. On the reverse is an incomplete transverse pin lug, broken across the perforation, and a stub of catchplate. The surviving diameter parallel to these, along the line of the missing pin, is 24.5mm. The disc is flat and 1.6mm in thickness; the object's maximum surviving thickness, at the catchplate, is 4.3mm. It weighs 2.8g.

NMS-8CCFAE: BROOCH
Copper-alloy relief-decorated fragment cast in one piece, probably from an early Anglo-Saxon florid cruciform brooch. One end is narrower and thicker, circular in shape (13mm diameter) and D-shaped in cross-section with a flat reverse. The object then flares and flattens to an oval area 3.6mm thick, with relief Style I decoration, now very worn, depicting a human face. Two pellet eyes can be seen within grooved rings. Above them is a ridged brow which continues between the eyes as a narrow ridge, then flares out into a wide rectangular nose. To either end of the nose is an upward-curling ridge; these ridges were probably intended as both the curly beaks of predatory bird-heads, and the curling ends of a moustache. Below is a narrow flat area (1.5mm thick), probably broken. All breaks are worn. It measures 20.5mm wide and 22.5mm long, maximum thickness 6.3mm, weight 7.9g. This has the standard form for part of a knob from a florid cruciform brooch (compare, for example, YORYM-17C4D1), although it is thicker and heavier than these tend to be. The solid domed circular element is particularly difficult to parallel, although compare the distorted SF-08F114.

NMS-8CE396: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval copper alloy brooch dating to the period circa 475-600 AD. The surviving part of the artefact comprises the head of a small long brooch. It consists of three crescentic arms projecting from a central square plate. The head appears undecorated. 3mm of the top of the bow projects from the bottom of the head. The remainder of the bow, foot and pin are missing. The reverse retains a broken central lug exhibiting significant traces of iron corrosion. The metal is a light green in colour with a predominantly smooth patina. Length: 24.2mm; Width: 25.5mm; Thickness: 6.5mm; Weight: 6.84g.

Fragment of copper-alloy flat disc brooch of Kershaw's East Anglian Series, late 9th or 10th century. A little less than half of the brooch survives, with half of the central recessed circle, within a double-strand lozenge whose corners are extended into loose double-strand knots. The decoration is corroded and worn. On the reverse is a lug parallel to the edge (perpendicular to the line of the pin); this is shaped like a thorn, with one edge vertical and the other sloping, then both curling over to a point. It is probably the catchplate rather than the pin lug. This is a small example, with width at the break 25.2mm; the original diameter must have been only a little bigger than this. It measures 18.8mm perpendicular to this. The disc is c. 1.5mm thick at the break, but with the catchplate on the reverse the thickness is 8.4mm. It weighs 2.6g.

BH-8E2A4E: BROOCH
An incomplete, cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the Early-Medieval period (c. AD. 400-600). The head of the brooch is comprised of a plain rectangular central plate, which is flanked by an integral knop on either side and a top knop. Each knop is slightly pointed with a narrowed waist and moulded triple collar; all are D-shaped in cross-section. On the reverse of the central plate, the pin bar lug projects from the centre and iron residue is visible. The main body of the bow has a central ridge with bevelled edges, forming a triangular cross-section. The lower edge of the central plate is decorated with a series of incised transverse lines and extends into the triangular-sectioned foot that has a raised longitudinal ridge extending to the terminal. The foot, pin and catch plate are missing. The brooch is undecorated and a green patina covers all surfaces. Broadly comparable to: NLM-A98A1E, BH-864081. Measurements: length: 38.8mm, width: 29.6mm, thickness: 7.2mm, weight: 6.68g.

Incomplete Early Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The lower part of the bow, the foot and the pin are missing. The headplate consists of a raised rectangular (or very slightly trapezoidal) panel flanked by wings that have eroded into rough triangles. A fraction of the collar of a cast-on half-round side knob survives in low relief at the tip of the right-hand wing. The collar of the cast-on half-round top-knob also survives in part, but like the wings, it has eroded into a rough triangle. The bow is D-shaped in cross-section, eroded at the sides and terminates in a worn break. On the reverse of the headplate is the worn-down stub of a single pin lug. No stamped or engraved decoration is visible. Potential parallels are illustrated in Martin (2015) Plate 9, #399 and #400, although it is hard to be sure with such a fragmentary piece. c. 475-550 Height: 28.9mm. Width: 22.9mm. Thickness (headplate): 2.3mm, (centre of bow): 2.9mm. Weight: 4.0g

YORYM-B9A339: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 475 - 550. Martin Type 2. The head of the brooch is sub-square with worn and broken edges. It has a rectangular central panel to either side of which narrow wings extend. Incised linear decoration is present to the outer edge of one wing. A separately made top knob remains fitted to the head. The knob is circular with a narrowed waist and circular base. A sub-rectangular projection extends from one side of the base by which the knob is attached to the brooch proper. A pin bar lug, obscured by iron corrosion, is present to the reverse of the headplate. An integral curved bow extends from the centre of the base of the headplate. It is rectangular in section where it joins the plate and curved in transverse cross-section. The bow terminates in a worn break. Transverse linear incised decoration is present to the upper and lower aspects of the bow. The brooch has a dark green patina while the patina of the knob is a dark brown. The object is 45.8mm long, 17.4mm wide, 3.3mm thick and weighs 10.8g.

NMS-F5A606: BROOCH
A fragment of an early-medieval copper-alloy brooch dating to the period circa 800-1000 AD. The artefact consists of the terminal of an ansate brooch. On the back the pin-lug is visible, although it is enveloped in extensive iron corrosion. The front of the brooch consists of a small, rectangular in plan, segment of the bow and the complete terminal motif, comprised of a trefoil design. It contains an elongated central lobe flanked by two smaller ones characterised by outward curved grooves. The object has a dark green patina and traces of silvering on the surface. Length: 18mm; Width: 11.5mm; Thickness (including lug): 8.5mm; Thickness (excluding lug: 2mm; Weight: 2.31g.

SWYOR-FA2092: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval (Saxon) small-long brooch dating from about AD 450 - 550. The remaining portion consists of the head and most of the bow. The edges of the head are heavily chipped and abraded and the original shape, probably rectangular, is now lost, as is any decoration. In the centre of the reverse is a flat, projecting single pin lug. The pin is missing but a lump of ferrous corrosion suggest that it was made of iron. The bow has a triangular facet at top, and a long trapezoidal facet on each side, while the reverse is concave, giving it a U shaped cross section. There is a short vertical groove from the point of the top facet along the apex of the bow for 4mm. The foot is missing. The fragment has a dark brown patina. It is 34.5mm long, 22.5mm wide and 10.4mm thick. It weighs 8.7g.

NMS-10079E: BROOCH
About one quarter of an Early Saxon sheet copper alloy annular brooch decorated on the front face with penannular punched impressions. The two breaks are probably ancient. Silvery solder on about one half of the reverse indicates that there was a considerable overlap of the ends. A round hole near one break and in the soldered area would have accommodated a pin. Weight 1.92g. Diameter c.50mm. Width of frame 7 - 8.2mm. First half 6th century.

YORYM-20A16B: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date (c. AD 420-475). Martin Group 1. The brooch comprises a cruciform head plate with a central sub-square panel from three edges of which three integral semi-circular integral knob extend. To the lower edge of the brooch it has a prominently curving, wide, keeled bow, below which it tapers to a crude zoomorphic terminal. A d-shaped plate extends behind the headplate and is perforated with a single, central hole to hold the pin, which is now missing. The catchplate, behind the tail, is fragmentary. Length: 55.6 mm Width: 18.4 mm Thickness: 7.6 mm Weight: 7.2 g Ref: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 29/04/2020).

Headplate, top knob and fragment of bow from a small early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The headplate consists of a central rectangular panel which is raised slightly above the wings; the panel is 10.3mm wide at the top and 10.9mm wide at the bottom. The wings are incomplete, missing three of the four corners and most of their long edges. The surviving corner suggests that the wings may have flared outwards, with a concave curve; the surviving area of edge suggests that the wings were 7mm wide and the side knobs were made separately. There is no decoration on either central panel or wings. The top knob has been cast in one with the headplate, is half-round, and is hollowed slightly on the reverse. The front has a rounded base, a waist and a dome; the base and dome were originally decorated, with a single groove around the top of the base and a double groove around the bottom of the dome, but these are now largely worn away, particularly in the centre. The dome is the thickest part of the knob, at 4.7mm thick; the top is corroded and the surface has been lost here. On the opposite side of the headplate is a fragment of bow. This continues the line of the central panel, and measures 9mm wide and 3.3mm thick at the fresh break. It is convex on the front and very slightly concave on the reverse, so C-shaped in cross-section. On the reverse of the headplate is a D-shaped pin bar lug with off-centre circular perforation; the lug is broken through the perforation. The fragment is 27mm long and 26mm wide, and 13mm from front of bow to back of lug. It weighs 7.5g. Although the foot (the defining feature of a cruciform brooch) does not survive, the details of the head (such as the knob and the central panel) strongly suggest that this is a cruciform and not a small-long brooch. It is probably of Martin's type 2, dating from c. 475 to c. 550 AD.

CAM-4A09B1: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy Early-Medieval cruciform bow brooch. Only the head and bow survive on this example giving an incomplete length of 61.6mm and weight of 14.40g. The headplate has a maximum width of 29.1mm and accounts for 18.8mm of the artefact's length. The thicker raised central panel has a sub-rectangular shape, its width measuring 13.4mm at the top and accounting for 17.5mm of the headplate's width at the distal end. At the approximate centre, slightly off of true centre, of the central panel there is a dot and circle decorative motif. This motif was formed by use of a punch stamp. The depressed dot has a diameter of c.1.4mm and the surrounding circle a diameter of c.4.9mm. Along each vertical edge of the central panel are faint marks that might be the worn remains of tiny punch-stamped decorative marks. If this is intentional decoration, they are positioned relatively close together but are too worn to be able to determine the shape of the motifs. The wings have a thickness of 1.3mm and the central panel a thickness of 1.5mm. The wing to either side of the central panel is sub-rectangular in shape with rounded corners and showing signs of wear at the edges. The top knob has been cast in one with the headplate. It is a half-round variety with a flattened semi-oval cross-section. Overall the top knob accounts for 14.8mm of the object's total length. It has a maximum thickness of 2.7mm thinning slightly to the terminal, a width at the base of 11.8mm tapering slightly to 8.6mm at the convexly rounded terminal. Sub-dividing the top knob into its zones, the base is roughly rectangular in shape measuring 5.6mm on the length axis. The width doesn't actually contract much at the waist but this mid area is defined by a moulded transverse groove the stretches the entire width. The upper (proximal) edge of the groove expands in the centre to form an apex. This expanded recess has a triangular shape, the base of which is the straight lower edge of the waist's groove and the upper concave edges of the triangle push into the middle of the lower edge of the dome. At the apex the groove has increased, on the length axis, from 0.8mm to 1.9mm. The upper surface of the dome is decorated with two depressed areas. These motifs are vaguely triangular in shape. Each has one convex edge and two concave edges. The two convex edges are positioned back-to-back, set apart by 1.8mm. Each of the two apexes, between the two concave edges, point diagonally towards the side edges of the dome. The side edges of the dome are shaped to have a slight contraction c.2.3mm above the top knob's waist. No side knobs are present. These are presumed to have been made separately. No evidence for means of attachment are visible on the headplate wings. The reverse surface of the headplate and top knob are undecorated, relatively flat with a hint of transverse concave curvature. The reverse surface of the top knob has a shallow depression at the approximate centre, more noticeable to touch than sight, that is probably the result of the casting process than by design. A single pin bar lug is set at the centre of the headplate's reverse surface on the longitudinal axis. This lug has a rectangular cross-section and semi-circular shape due to the convexly curved top. The lug has a length of 12.3mm and thickness of 2.8mm at the base. It has a height of 6.7mm and at the top the thickness has reduced to 1.6mm. The lug is perforated by a circular aperture of 2.8mm diameter. This aperture is set 0.9mm in from the top edge and is currently blocked by dried mud that accounts for some of the artefact's recorded weight. The lug gives the artefact a thickness of 7.7mm when measuring from the external surface of the headplate to the extremity of the lug on the reverse surface. The start of the bow has the same width as the central panel on the headplate but a thickness of 2.0mm. This has a sub-'C' shaped cross-section (flat upper surface and concave reverse) and rectangular shape to the upper surface. The rectangular shape is further emphasised by a moulded change in angle as the bow's upper surface shape becomes more arched. Small roughly triangular notches are formed at the junction of the rectangular and arched zones of the bow due to this change in angle. The majority of the bow has a hollow reverse, the reverse surface being concavely curved on both the longitudinal and transverse axis, forming an oval dome shape. The external or upper surface of the bow is undecorated and convexly curved on both the longitudinal and transverse axis. At the mid point on the bow's length, the bow has a width of 13.7mm and a thickness at the edge of 1.2mm. At the lower (distal) end of the bow the same small triangular notches mark the junction between the 'C' shaped cross-section of the majority of the bow and the rectangular shaped bow terminal. At the lower bow terminal the width is 14.2mm, it has a thickness of 2.8mm at the edge and has a cross-section merging from sub-'C' shaped to sub-rectangular. The arch of the bow, from upper surface at the middle of the bow to a projected flat line running between both rectangular ends of the bow is a depth of 8.5mm. No presence of punch stamped marks have been identified on the bow. The brooch has broken at the start of the foot's flat panel. The break is transverse and while not extremely worn, should be described as a worn break rather than freshly broken. Running one's finger along the break, a little roughness is detectable through the mostly worn metal. Only c.1.7mm of the total incomplete length of this artefact is accounted for by the remains of the foot. This break has a thickness of 2.5mm and width of 13.6mm. This artefact has a pale green patina with shallow wear to the surface, particularly the upper surfaces. Definitely a Martin type 2 or 3, probably type 2 based on the relative narrowness of the wings. Dr Geake said Pers.Comm. 27/09/2021 by email: "Yes definitely a 2 or 3, because it doesn’t have full-round knobs (and doesn’t look as if the foot would have been particularly narrow) and it isn’t florid. So, the question is, if we had the whole thing, would it have been likely to have had lappets? I think the small, narrow wings suggest not – I can see that it’s possible that we have lost some of the wings but it’s probably more likely that they are near-complete, if worn. So I’d guess a type 2, on the whole. Toby says (on p. 40) that there is overlap at either end of the Type 3 group – several type 3.0 brooches could site almost equally comfortably in type 2 - which is good to remember, particularly as he’s dealing with complete brooches!" See

Incomplete late early-medieval copper-alloy disc brooch with cast Borre-style decoration, comprising a concave-sided lozenge with each of the four corners extended to form interlaced, double-strand knots. In the centre is a circle in slightly lower relief than the rest of the decoration, set within a circular recess. Much of the original edge of the brooch has been lost to abrasion and worn breaks. The pin fittings on the reverse consist of a perforated pin-lug, set parallel to the edge, and a catchplate opposite this, set at a right angle to the edge (an Anglo-Scandinavian arrangement). Both are incomplete and terminate in worn breaks. A common 10th-century type in East Anglia carrying a relatively standardised design based on a Scandinavian prototype, see West 1998, fig. 134.8, Margeson 1997, fig. 28, and Margeson, S. and Williams, V. in Ayers 1985, 28-9, fig. 24 no. 1. Kershaw 2013, 56-61, fig. 3.19 East Anglian Series Type I. Diameter: 29.1mm. Thickness (excluding pin lug): 1.5mm (including pin lug): 5.9mm. Weight: 3g

NARC-F372B4: BROOCH
A fragment of a coper alloy Disc Brooch of Early-Medieval date (AD 900-1100). The object is a portion of the centre of the plate. The upper surface is decorated with four double tongue shaped lobes and outer double linear border. The incised decoration retains gilding. The back is flat and undecorated and retains no fittings. Length: 20.08mm, Width: 12.87mm, Thickness: 1.57mm, Weight: 1.2g The metal is dark green in colour with a pitted patina. Similar examples can be seen on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database: NMS-BECE1C, SWYOR-D58AE0

WMID-85DE1F: BROOCH
A probable Early Medieval cruciform brooch fragment, dating to circa AD 475-570. The remains of the brooch consists of the foot terminal. The lower part of the fragment is spade-shaped with a circular perforation on either side. Above this portion of the foot, there is a rectangular projection which ends in a broken edge with a well-developed patina. This rectangular section has a horizontal incised groove across it. There are further incised grooves that border the circular perforations. The fragment is decorated with two moulded pellets that are placed next to the circular perforations. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. Placed horizontally at the upper part of the fragment are the traces of a catchplate. These consist of four broadly rectangular broken projections. The brooch fragment has a dark green to brown coloured patina. There are several cruciform brooches recorded on the PAS database, for a more complete example see record LVPL-5C4605 discovered in North Yorkshire and then a similar form to this example is NLM-A738C8 discovered in North Lincolnshire. The brooch fragment measures 22.5 mm long, 20.9 mm wide, 4.6 mm in thickness including the attachment on the reverse and weighs 4.4 grams.

LEIC-165A7D: BROOCH
A fragment of Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch, dating to AD 450 - 550. The brooch fragment consists of the lower bow and fragment of the catchplate. The middle bow is arched and decorated with a mixture of incised and moulded lines. The middle of the bow is decorated with two central vertical parallel lines which terminate at two parallel horizontal parallel lines. Below this on the flattened lower bow are two parallel moulded lines. The foot of the brooch is raised slightly and decorated with six moulded horizontal lines/ribs. On the back of the brooch is the remains of a rectangular catchplate. Length: 24 mm Width: 8 mm Weight: 2.62 g This record links with PUBLIC-AFFFA9 in which the majority of the rest of the brooch has been recorded. Record created by images sent by the finder Attached also is an image of the brooch pieced back together, two knops remain missing. Estimated complete length: 50.39 mm

YORYM-1967CD: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy penannular brooch of Early-Medieval date, c. AD 500 - 700. Booth Type G4 (Fowler Type G). The brooch has a curved circular sectioned frame with sub-square faceted terminals resulting in a plain lozenge on each face. The hoop is undecorated and the pin no longer remains. The metal has a mid-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 32.6mm long, the frame is 3.5mm in diameter; the terminals are 6.8mm x 5.3mm. It weighs 7.6g. Dr Anna Booth (2014, p.185) discusses the distribution of Type G brooches as predominantly from mortuary contexts and to a lesser extent hillforts, with only very small numbers from other types of site. They are found across much of western and northern Britain with a particular concentration around both sides of the Severn estuary, extending into South Wales and into the Midlands. A lesser concentration is also located in the Yorkshire/Lincolnshire region and a small scatter of brooches stretch from South-West to north-east, connecting these two groups. Booth (ibid p.189) states that brooches with multiple or no dots decorating their terminals cluster together at the later end of the post-Roman/Early-Medieval chronological range. Ref: Booth, A. (2014) Reassessing the long chronology of the penannular brooch in Britain: exploring changing styles, use and meaning across a millennium. Leicester: Leicester University unpublished thesis.

YORYM-2C1628: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 420 - 475. Probably Martin Type 1. All that remains of the brooch is a zoomorphic terminal foot. The fragment is sub-rectangular with D-shaped sectioned and moulded decoration on the upper surface giving the impression of a long animal head, possibly a horse. The break to the upper end of the fragment is worn. The decoration comprises raised rounded eyes and a curved snout or nose represented by a heart-shaped moulding. These details are in low relief and worn. A transverse ridge is present just above the top of the animal head decoration and a second partial ridge can be determined at the broken end. The reverse of the brooch is flat with the integral remains of a catchplate projecting from the centre. The metal has a dark green patina and is worn. The brooch fragment is 37mm long, 6.9mm wide, 7.9mm thick and weighs 3.3g. Assigning a specific class or type to this brooch is difficult due to its fragmentary nature. Due to its small size and heart-shape snout suggest Martin Type 1. Similar examples are illustrated in EEA 84 (1998), p.304, fig.145. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: NMS-F01A8C, SF-180198 and SF-03B866. Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 24/04/2020). West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

YORYM-2C42D2: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 475 – 550. Martin Type 2. The head of the brooch is sub-rectangular with worn and broken edges to either side. It has a rectangular central panel to either side of which narrow wings extend. A separately made top knob remains fitted to the head. The knob is circular with a narrowed waist and circular base. A sub-rectangular projection extends from one side of the base by which the knob is attached to the brooch proper. A pin bar lug, obscured by iron corrosion, is present to the reverse of the headplate. An integral curved bow extends from the centre of the base of the headplate. It is rectangular in section where it joins the plate and curved in transverse cross-section. The bow terminates in a worn break. The brooch has a mid-green corroded patina. The object is 49.8mm long, 27.7mm wide, 9.4mm thick and weighs 16.7g. Similar examples are illustrated in EEA 84 (1998), p.304, fig.145. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: YORYM-B9A339, NMS-A51D6D and NMS-94327D. Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 24/04/2020). West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

YORYM-2C55AA: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 475 – 550. Possibly Martin Type 2. All that remains of the brooch is a broken and worn head plate. The plate is irregularly shaped with worn breaks to each corner and all edges. The remains of two pin bar lugs remain to the reverse of the head and are flanked by iron corrosion. The brooch has a mid-green corroded patina. The object is 20.7mm long, 26.6mm wide, 3.7mm thick and weighs 3.9g. Similar examples are illustrated in EEA 84 (1998), p.304, fig.145. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: YORYM-B9A339, NMS-A51D6D and NMS-94327D. Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 24/04/2020). West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

YORYM-2CB802: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 550 - 570. Martin Type 4 ‘florid’ brooch with relief Style I ornament. Only a partial head plate remains which is sub-rectangular with an expanded fan-shaped wing extending to one side. The head plate is extensively decorated with relief Style I ornament. The decoration comprises a central square panel with an internal zoomorphic design with animal-style legs visible. This is framed on two sides by raised rectangular ridges with repeated grooves. The other two sides are broken and worn. A fan-shaped wing extends from one of the ridges. This bears further relief Style I decoration in the form of a stylized nose flanked by eyes. The remains of two pin bar lugs remain to the reverse of the head and are filled with iron corrosion. The brooch has a dark green patina. The object is 46.2mm long, 30.1mm wide, 2.6mm thick and weighs 14.9g. Similar examples are illustrated in EEA 84 (1998), p.311, fig.152. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: FAKL-BD5E61, NARC-3BE437 and DENO-4EF591. Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 24/04/2020). West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

YORYM-2CD8C1: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy annular brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 475 - 700. Leeds Type F. The fragment is just over one half of the annular brooch which has an ovate section and worn breaks to either end. The frame is decorated with alternating ridges and grooves to the upper surface only. The reverse is undecorated. The metal has a dark black/green patina and is worn. The brooch is 33.4mm long, 5.1mm wide, 3.4mm thick and weighs 5.3g. Brooches of Leeds Type F are very difficult to date. They were certainly used in the late 6th and 7th centuries, but may have earlier origins. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: LEIC-CCC903, DENO-6CBC25, YORYM-7B4EB1 and NMS-F72267. Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 24/04/2020).

YORYM-2DF403: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy annular brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 480 - 570. Leeds Type G. The fragment is just under one half of the annular brooch which has an ovate section and worn breaks to either end. The frame is decorated with three transverse grooves flanked by three, deeply stamped circular indentations to the upper surface only. The reverse is undecorated. The metal has a dark black/green patina and is worn. The brooch is 39.8mm long, 7.9mm wide, 2.6mm thick and weighs 4.16g. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: NCL-882DE8, SF-D95F53 and LIN-92AFFA. Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 24/04/2020).

YORYM-2E05A6: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy annular brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 480 - 570. Leeds Type G. The fragment is just approximately one third of the annular brooch which has an rectangular section and worn breaks to either end. The frame is decorated with borders of stamped circular indentations to the inner and outer edges of the upper surface only. The reverse is undecorated. The metal has a dark black/green patina and is worn. The brooch is 34mm long, 9.6mm wide, 2.3mm thick and weighs 2.9g. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: SF-F95D33, CAM-0B11E1 and LIN-92AFFA Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 24/04/2020).

DEV-B42FB5: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper alloy Early Medieval disc brooch, dating to AD 450-550. The majority of the brooch is missing, with only the upper part of the disc surviving and all traces of the pin lug and foot plate are missing. It is circular in shape and flattened in cross section. The surface is decorated with stamped decoration, in the form of 10 ring and dot decorations which follow the perimeter of the brooch. In the centre is a further design, possibly also stamped, that comprises a central circle with five clear vertical lines extending from it, although other lines were probably originally present. It may be intended as a sunburst design or similar. It is dark green in colour, but there is a suggestion of white metal present on the reverse, and it has a ringing timbre suggestive of tinning. IOW-93CDDE is relatively similar, and that record states that: MacGregor and Bolick comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. Tinning is common on these brooches (especially the more highly-decorated examples), but gilding is not encountered, adding to the impression that they occupy a position complementary to that of the saucer and applied brooches of the more affluent sections of Saxon society...There are no obvious Continental prototypes for these brooches, which seem to have been an insular Anglo-Saxon development. As a whole the type tends to occur south of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Within this region the upper Thames Valley is particularly productive and may have formed a major production centre. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period' (MacGregor & Bolick 1993: 57). MacGregor, A and Bolick, E. 1993. A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections in the Ashmolean Museum. British Archaeological Reports (British Series) 230. Measurements: 31.2mm diameter, 1.2mm thickness, weight 4.43g.

DOR-BFBB18: BROOCH
An incomplete long equal-arm brooch. The pin is missing. The flat arms are of slightly different lengths making the brooch not strictly equal armed. They are both narrow and triangular with a raised area on the front at each apex. The longer arm is decorated with a line of small, pecked dots along the centre as far as the raised apex. The shorter arm is decorated with a double row of pecked dots. The arms are flat and rectangular in cross section apart from the raised areas at each apex which are D-shaped. At the base of each arm, flanking the central arched bow, is a transverse rectangular expansion. Each is decorated with a moulded transverse ridge. The central section is thickened from the transvese elements and is gently arched with faceted sides and is decorated on the front face with a double row of pecked dots.At the rear are the broken, single pierced lug for the pin attachment and the small, hooked catchplate. Each is set behind the transverse expansions, the lug at the base of the shorter arm and the catchplate at the base of the longer arm. The longer arm has been bent into a slight forward curve. Date: Early early-medieval - c. AD 500 - 600 Dimensions:38.66 mm x 12.05 mm x 4.02 mm Weight: 3.80 g Similar to IOW-A1F47D and HAMP-5F30D6. The latter is a finer example of this type of brooch and Rob Webley notes several further parallels : HAMP-2BABC7, KENT-346441, KENT-F9D7C2, KENT4426, KENT2479, KENT2477, IOW-1C3AF5. These are from Hampshire, Kent and the Isle of Wight. Also, with the same basic format, are: IOW-A71E22, IOW-C104C1, IOW-08DCB1, NMS-10BDA2. Another, securely stratified in a grave at Frilford, is now in the BM (1867,0204.8). For other grave finds, see Ager in Annable and Eagles 2010, 27-28.

YORYM-030B33: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 475 – 550. Possibly Martin Type 2. All that remains of the brooch is a broken and worn head plate. The plate is sub-rectangular with worn breaks to each corner and all edges. A central ring and dot design can be determined to the front of the plate. An integral curved bow extends from the centre of the base of the headplate. It is D-shaped in section and terminates in a worn break. The remains of a semi-circular lug for the pin remains to the reverse of the head and is coated in iron corrosion. The brooch has a mid-green patina. The object is 25.4mm long, 20.9mm wide, 12.9mm thick and weighs 5.9g. Similar examples are illustrated in EEA 84 (1998), p.304, fig.145. Examples recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database include: YORYM-B9A339, NMS-A51D6D and NMS-94327D. Refs: Geake, H. & Webley, R. (2018) Finds Recording Guide: Brooches; (accessed 04/05/2020). West, S.E. (1998) A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon material from Suffolk (East Anglian Archaeology 84). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council.

NMS-6E82E2: BROOCH
Corroded fragment of copper alloy Early Medieval to Medieval annular brooch. The brooch is flat with an 8mm wide lentoidal cross-section and an estimated original outside diameter of approximately 44mm, of which only a quarter is extant. There are old transverse breaks ar either end, one end of which steps down to a narrow pin recess across which the break has occurred. On the upper surface at the pin-recess end there is a group of several, radially aligned, decorative grooves. There is a possible suggestion of other decoration on the surface but this cannot be distinguished significantly from amongst the pitted surface corrosion. The estimated size and decoration that can be resolved is suggestive of an early Saxon date, but the lentoidal cross-section is inconclusive hence the extension of the broad period into the Medieval. Circa AD500-1400.

LIN-CDCF08: BROOCH
A complete copper-alloy annular brooch of Early-Medieval date, c.AD 550 - 700. Leeds Type F. The brooch has a D-shaped cross-section. The frame is decorated with incised lines creating a rope-like design. Part of the attachment loop of an iron pin is rusted onto the brooch. Compare SWYOR-9F6907 and FAKL-96A515. Diameter: 37.30 mm; Thickness: 3.19 mm; Weight: 9.68g At some point in the late 6th century, the broad flat brooches (Leeds’s type G) go out of use, but the thicker ribbed brooches (Leeds’s type F) continue in use. During the late 6th and 7th centuries, annular brooches start to show a trend to smaller sizes.

LEIC-64731B: BROOCH
A late Saxon, cast, copper-alloy disc brooch, dating to AD 850 - 1066. The brooch is circular in plan and decorated with a backward-looking beast within a border of 28 pellets. The beast has an upturned tail and open jaws. It has no mane as many other brooches of this type do. The beast has four legs which blend into the border pellets. On the reverse are the incomplete integrally-moulded pin-lug and catch-plate. The pin-lug is positioned directly behind the beast's breast. The catch-plate is intact and curls upwards with the open side facing up. Tom Redmayne comments on PUBLIC-9688E0 that: A similar backward-looking animal brooch was found in an early 10th-century context in 16-22 Coppergate, York, giving the best archaeological date for the series (Roesdahl 1981,'The Vikings in England', no. E10, p.75, 105). Diameter: 27.5 mm Thickness: 1.5 mm Weight: 6.42 g An similar brooch has been recorded on the database under PUBLIC-9688E0

SUR-75860D: BROOCH
A complete early Medieval (Anglo Saxon) small long brooch, 85mm in length and of 5th/6th century date. The brooch has a cruciform head with three semi-circular projections from a central square plate, each with incised double-line collars. The bow is arched and has facetted sides with a triangular cross section. The lower portion of the brooch is flat, meeting the bow at a ridged collar. There are a number of other transverse moulded ridges lower down, before it flares into a rounded spade-shaped foot. The underside of the brooch has a hooked catchplate under the lower portion of the bow at the junction with the arched section; under the head is an in-line spring lug which retains the rusted remnants of a spring and axis bar. The (iron) pin has been lost.

An early early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon, c. 450-550), gilded copper alloy button brooch, 21mm in diameter, of Suzuki class B1, missing its pin and with damage to the top edge of the rim. The face is dished, with an everted rim, within which is an anthropomorphic mask within a concentric raised ridge executed in chip-carved relief. The mask has a raised T shape defining a brow ridge and nose with pointed oval eyes in each angle, flanked by curved cheeks. Above this is a semi-circular hair/ helmet area. The lower portion of the face has a (slightly lopsided pointed oval mouth). The reverse has an in-line catchplate stump and lug for the pin, now missing.

HAMP-E518CD: BROOCH
An early Medieval gilded copper alloy button brooch with an upturned rim within which is a highly stylised anthropomorphic mask within a plain border. The upper part of the face comprises prominent curved eyebrows and a triangular nose formed of one element, surrounding round eyes, which all sits over a dividing medial line. The lower half of the face comprises a large mouth in the shape of an inverted triangle. The reverse has stumps of an in-line hinge and catchplate. The pin is missing. Circa late 5th-6th century AD.

NMS-B75B54: BROOCH
Trapezoidal (dovetail-shaped) fragment of copper alloy, probably one end of the bow or a foot from an early Saxon cruciform or small long brooch. There is a characteristic moulded arris running along the medial axis, creating faceted sides; just before it terminates at the widest end the arris bifurcates sideways to each corner, forming a shallow nose. The narrower end is clearly broken but the wider end is indistinguishable as a break and may be a terminal end. The underside is very slightly curved in both horizontal planes. Dark brown tenacious patina. Circa AD480-550.

LEIC-FB9291: BROOCH
Part of the head plate from an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch, probably a broken side projection. The object is oval in outline with one straight edge showing an ancient break where it attached to the rest of the brooch. Two fine incised parallel lines run parallel and close to this straight edge on one face. The object is in poor condition, is 17mm long, 12mm wide, 1.5mm thick and weighs 1.62g.

DOR-1CAC87: BROOCH
An incomplete Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper-alloy disc brooch (c. 450-c. 550). The brooch plate is flat and sub-circular. The front face is decorated with seven, uneven;ly spaced, ring & dot stamps set around the edge and an eighth at the centre. On the rear face of the plate set across the diameter, are a large U-shaped pierced lug for the attachment of the missing pin and a wide curved hooked plate for its fastening. Date: Early Medieval - c.450 - 550 Dimensions: 35.34 mm x 33.35 mm x 10.77 mm Weight: 8.19 g A similar example is recorded in PAS database record KENT-15FCBF where the author notes: Similar examples can be found in MacGregor & Bolick (1993, p. 64, nos: 4.42-4.44). Examples on the database include: IOW-BA9531 and SF-1D3D31. MacGregor and Bolick comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period' (MacGregor & Bolick 1993: 57).

NMS-B1F150: BROOCH
Almost complete Early Anglo-Saxon supporting-arm brooch (Stützarmfibel) with the iron pin and small parts of the catchplate missing (old breaks). The whole is in quite fresh condition, though some details are obscured by surface concretions, and the iron spring and pin bar remain between the two pointed lugs. There is a single transverse groove on the headplate, on both rectangular panels at the top and base of the triangular-sectioned bow. Decoration on the footplate is more elaborate and comprises from the top: transverse groove, side chamfers, transverse groove, side notches and, along the basal edge, four moulded pellets. Böhme 1974, Typ Perlberg. Length 45.4mm. Width 15mm. Weight 10g. c.420 - c.475 AD.

WILT-DEEBA9: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy Small-long brooch, probably dating to c. AD 450-600. The surviving fragment comprises of the foot only. The foot is elongated and flares into a flat terminal with its edges elaborated with crescentic punches. The foot is surmounted by a moulded abutting triple-stranded collar, with the centre-most being the most pronounced. This is in turn topped by a flanged rectangular section, from the reverse of this projects a catchplate with right curling pin rest. The start of the arc of the bow projects from above this, but is truncated by an old break. length 40.8mm; width 14.8mm; thickness 10.0mm; weight 5.54g.

An incomplete Early Medieval copper alloy and gilt saucer brooch dating to AD 450-550. The brooch is circular in form with a turned-up rim or edge. The edge is abraded with some cracks on the exterior. There is a pierced hole close to one edge of the plate. The brooch is decorated with five running spirals around a central ring and dot inside a circular border. Gilding survives on the inside of the saucer edge and within the crevasses of the engraved spiral motif. To the reverse there is one partially broken U-shaped lug, and some white metal residue around the hole where the other lug would have been attached. This may indicate resoldering of a repair or for some other form of attachment which could suggest the possible re-use of the brooch as a pendant. Initially there would have been two lugs and a catchplate where a now missing pin would have rested. There is also a small indentation just south east of the hole. The brooch has a dark green patina. The brooch is 33mm in diameter from the top of the rim, and 22.8mm in diameter at the base, 8.3mm maximum thickness, and weighs 11.2g. Similar types of saucer brooches with varying numbers of running spirals can be found on the PAS database including: OXON-43560B, SF-1A6E47, SUSS-5C6A12, and an almost complete well preserved example see HAMP-005BE3. Saucer brooches are discussed in Tania Dickinson’s 1993 study on ‘Early Saxon Saucer Brooches: A Preliminary Overview’, in Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History 6, pg 11-44. More specifically fig. 10 on page 17 found in Hastings is very similar to this example. Some other similar types were found in graves in Abingdon (ibid page 20). Dickinson states that from her findings saucer brooches are found to be associated with women (ibid page 38). Additionally from record HAMP-005BE3: ‘A number of similar saucer brooches with running spirals are shown in MacGregor and Bolick 1993, pp.42-45. MacGregor and Bolick comment that brooches of this type were produced characteristically as single castings, whose dished forms give rise to their name. Normally, women (and, occasionally, young girls) wore them in pairs at the shoulder or the breast. Tania Dickinson in Dickinson, T. 1991 'Material Culture as Social Expression: The Case of Saxon Saucer Brooches with running Spiral Decoration' Studien zur Sachsenforschung Hildesheim, has concluded that the five spiral running design originated on the Continent and developed from the late 4th to mid 5th centuries. In England the burials are more likely to have taken place between the late 5th and mid 6th centuries.

HAMP-3CE497: BROOCH
An early Medieval Cloisonné enamelled disc brooch of Weetch Type 20.A. (cross with lobes type). The brooch is circular and flat. The enamelled design on the face is in the form of a cross patteé in dark blue enamel, with lighter blue enamel in the outside quarters and a small central boss of yellow enamel. From the outer edge of the brooch project the stumps of twelve equally spaced rounded lobes. Four of these, corresponding to the four arms of the cross design, would have been larger and possibly filled with enamel (as per more complete examples such as CAM-E71DC1). The reverse is flat with the stumps of an in-line hinge and catchplate mechanism, which runs at a 45 degree offset to the axis of the enamelled cross design on the front. Circa late 10th to 11th century AD.

OXON-7FC482: BROOCH
The foot of an incomplete cast copper alloy Early Medieval small-long brooch dating to c. AD 450-550. Only the foot and catchplate of the brooch survives. The head and bow of the brooch are lost to an old break, with only a very small fragment of the apparently sub-rectangular narrow bow extending from the top of the object. Below this is the complete foot. The foot first widens from the bow on either side and then narrows again so that it forms a soft rounded point, the right being slightly chipped. Below this the point the foot is straight sided for a short distance before widening to a flared foot that is the same width as the upper points. The bottom of the brooch is flat. A D-shaped catchplate projects from the back of the bow just below the break of the bow. This is flat in cross section. The front of the brooches' foot has incise pellet dot decoration. This consists of a line of seven dots running down the centre of the brooch. Below this is an eight much bigger incised pellet dot. Two similarly sized pellet dots extend from the left and right side of this each forming a line pointing to the flared corner of the brooch. Two more final large incised pellet dots are placed in the centre of each of the triangular points formed on the upper part of the foot. The reverse is plain and undecorated. The entire brooch has a medium green patina. The brooch is 30mm long, 18mm wide 2.59mm thick and weighs 6.89 grams. This fragment has the same form and decoration of a more complete brooch on the PAS database (KENT4742) defined as a class D due to its square head. The size of this fragment is comparable to other small long brooches although such a sub-class is not possible without the head in this instance. Small long brooches have been included in the chronological work of Penn and Brugmann (2007) who concur with MacGregor and Bolick (1991) in allocating a date-range of c. 450-550 AD.

HAMP-4F58A0: BROOCH
A complete early Medieval copper-alloy brooch of 'hub-cap' type (Weetch type 17) dating to the 10th-11th century. This brooch is circular and 20.6mm in diameter. The front has seven circular indentations arranged around a central raised collared setting for a dark blue cabochon stone, which may be glass or enamel. Traces of incised decoration remain around the rim, however corrosion has now made it almost illegible. The reverse is flat and has a complete hinged pin loop and catch plate mechanism made of folded copper alloy sheet. These are held onto the plate by copper alloy rivets which penetrate through to the front of the plate.

NMS-E83F16: BROOCH
Copper-alloy brooch of 'cogwheel' type. It is circular and openwork, 30.2mm in diameter, and has a central convex lozenge surrounded by a groove. Beyond the groove are four slightly curved relief lines, one along each side of the lozenge, with each line ending in a flat disc. There are thus two flat discs at either corner of the lozenge, forming a cross shape. The ends of the cross are joined by a ring of copper alloy, leaving four roughly D-shaped holes in the brooch. A groove runs around the centre of the outer ring, and the exterior is shaped into 18 teeth, small rectangular projections, one of which is missing (worn break). On the reverse, two opposing ends of the cross have integral semi-circular lugs, bringing the maximum thickness to 7.0mm. Both lugs are parallel to the edge of the brooch, and both have circular perforations. One is the pin lug; the other has a slot cut through between the edge and the perforation, and is therefore the catchplate. Between the two, the reverse of the lozenge is hollow, and has the remains of a casting seam running parallel to the line of the missing pin. It weighs 7.0g. Weetch dates this type to the 9th century. The distribution is strongly concentrated in Norfolk and Suffolk (Weetch 2014, 216-17).

Incomplete copper-alloy disc brooch of Kershaw's East Anglian series, of late early-medieval date. It is flat and was originally circular, now 28.9mm in diameter but very worn. An area is missing from the edge, with a worn right-angled break. The brooch is decorated with the characteristic ornament of a central sunken circle surrounded by a raised double-strand concave-sided lozenge, the corners of which are extended into double-strand ribbons which are loosely knotted. The ends of each strand curl to give a clockwise feel to the ornament. On the reverse is a broken pin lug, parallel to the edge, and an incomplete catchplate perpendicular to the edge. When viewed from the reverse with the pin lug uppermost, the catchplate curls to the left. It weighs 5.5g and dates to c. 850-1000 AD.

SUR-F761AD: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment comprising the shape-shaped foot of an Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch, 21mm in length, which has broken at the narrow point of the bow, near the catchplate. The front surface has a decorative border of punched crescent or fork shapes. Circa late 5th to 7th century AD.

BUC-36D40C: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early-Medieval cast copper-alloy Ansate (bow) brooch of Weetch Type II Aii (Thörle Gr.II A 1b) or Weetch Type II B (Thörle Gr. II E), dating to c.AD 700-1000. The fragment consists of one circular terminal of the brooch, with a curved catchplate on the reverse. The terminal is decorated with a central dot within a double ring circumvented by a boarder of dots. A very small portion of the bow survives; it is rectangular in cross-section and projects up from the plate at approximately 110° angle. Broadly comparable to: NMS-2F75FB, BUC-C5BC2E, LEIC-F16A00, OXON-6B8D7D, SUR-DC92C1, NMS-4C03EA and Hattatt (2000:380), fig.239, no. 1321. Dimensions - length: 13.09mm, width: 12.81mm, thickness: 1.87mm, thickness including catchplate: 6.86mm, weight: 1.53g.

WMID-49CC51: BROOCH
A lead alloy early-medieval disc brooch with concentric circle decoration, of Weetch's Type 5. or 'nummular brooch' of Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date, circa AD 900-1000. The object is circular in form and has a circular pellet in low relief at its centre. Surrounding the circular pellet is a circular recess. The surface is then raised slightly to a concentric band formed of small circular pellets. Beyond this extending to the outer edge are five concentric ridged rings. Each ring has a number of unevenly spaced circular pellets placed on the band. The reverse is undecorated and has a large crack running slightly off centre. There is a ridge and three raised circular protrusions along the centre of the brooch, presumably where a fitting would have enabled the brooch to be fastened to clothing. The object has a mid cream coloured patina across all surfaces. A parallel is recorded on the PAS database (NARC-56D604) that was discovered in Northamptonshire. This example is described as 'typical of what may be termed the 'Anglo-Scandinavian' milieu. The Viking Age colonisation of 10th- to 11th-century England led to the production of a material culture that was neither recognisably Scandinavian or Anglo-Saxon, but of a form and style unique to the context. These inexpensive lead alloy brooches, which in many ways mimic more expensive gold or silver, or copper alloy analogues, are typical. This type of disc brooch could be termed a 'nummular' brooch, as it is ultimately based on the form of contemporary coins, and has been allocated by Rosie Weetch (in her study of middle and late Anglo-Saxon brooches) to her type 5.' Thanks are also given to Helen Geake who confirmed this example is a type 5, she also notes that the ridge on the reverse is seen on other examples such as (LEIC-9ECC43) discovered in Leicestershire. The object measures 36.9 mm in diameter, 5.5mm thickness across the centre and weighs 14.7 grams.

NMS-07170A: BROOCH
Four fragments of Early Saxon copper alloy annular brooches, without recent breaks, 6th century: Very small, extant length 9mm, U-shaped stamped impressions along outer edge, diameter not accurately measurable, width 8.5mm, weight 0.45g. Very small, extant length 12.8mm, annular stamped impressions along both edges edge, diameter not accurately measurable, width 7.6mm, weight 0.66g. Greater parts of both edges missing, extant length 27mm, round hole truncated by break at one end, closely spacer oblique engraved lines, diameter not accurately measurable, width >7mm, weight 1.68g. One quarter extant, transverse engraved line close to one break, small crescentic stamped impressions along both edges, diameter 47mm, width 7.5 – 8.5mm, weight 2.3g

Two fragments of Early Saxon copper alloy brooches, Cruciform or Small-long, late 5th – mid 6th century: Part of a triangular-sectioned bow with a transverse engraved line on an incomplete rectangular panel at one end, both breaks old, extant length 18.2mm, width 9.8 – 8.7mm, weight 2.5g. Lower end of a hollow-backed bow with a central arris, a rectangular panel and a small part of a footplate with the stump of the upper end of a catchplate, extant length 15mm, width 10.5 – 8mm, weight 1.9g.

Fragment of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, part of a headplate with a raised panel and a row of annular stamped impressions down both lateral edges (some impressions are punched obliquely and appear as half-annulets). The greater parts of the upper edge and of one wing are missing. The other wing has lost its separate side-knob. The upper end of the bow survives as a jagged stump. On the reverse rust from the spring remains on a single pin lug. No break is recent, but none appears ancient. Estimated width of headplate 46mm. Width of bow 20mm. Extant length 30mm. Weight 12.6g. Late 5th – early 6th century.

NMS-1CB90E: BROOCH
Very small fragment of an Early Saxon gilt copper alloy brooch or mount, both ends with old breaks. Three moulded grooves, probably representing the body of an animal,curve from a break and stop before an apparently circular groove, which may be an eye. Perhaps part of an S-shaped brooch or a Florid Cruciform. Extant length and width 13.5 and 7.2mm. Thickness 1.7mm. Weight 0.57g. c.475 - c.560.

NMS-54531C: BROOCH
Incomplete and very small Early Anglo-Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch of Martin 2015 Group 1. The headplate has lost the greater part of both wings and the panel is very narrow. Above it there is a disproportionately long cast-in-one top knob consisting of a small full-round terminal on a slender neck with a collar. The bow is sub-triangular in cross-section with a slight flatenning of the front face at top and base. The footplate and catchplate survive as a stump only. On the reverse an incomplete single pin lug is part obscured by rust from the spring. Extant length and width 42.5 and 8.3mm. Weight 5.43g. c.420 - c.475.

Copper-alloy full-round side knob from a cruciform brooch, with full-length iron pin bar passing through it. The dome is slightly more than hemispherical, with the widest point just above a pair of neat fine grooves around the base of the dome. A concave narrowed waist is below, with a minimum diameter of 5.5mm. Below this is a base 3mm deep, decorated around its circumference with three slightly wider and more carelessly applied grooves, which here appear lathe-turned. A tab projects from the base; this is curved in cross-section and has an incomplete lower edge. Behind the tab are the remains of the iron pin bar, probably circular in cross-section; a bump of iron also emerges from the top of the dome. The grey-green surface is polished, and occasionally missing due to corrosion. There is no obvious wear on the knob. Total length 19.5mm, diameter generally 9.8mm, weight 5.8g. Full-round separately-made knobs are characteristic of Martin's type 1, which dates to c. 420 to c. 475 AD.

LEIC-BFD69C: BROOCH
A fragment of Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch, dating to AD 450 - 550. The brooch fragment consists of the head and a single knop, the bow and pin are missing. The head plate of the brooch comprises of a central rectangular panel, which is plain in decoration. The side wings are mising, but the upper remains, it consists of a semi-circular knop, where it is attached to the head are two incised horizontal lines. The underside of the head retains an attachment for the pin. Length: 23.79 mm Width: 19.43 mm Thickness: 2.23 mm Weight: 5.1 g

SWYOR-0238E1: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy penannular brooch of Roman to Early-Medieval date, between AD 100 - 700. It is of Booth Type G (Fowler Type G). These seem to have a long period of use, from AD 100 - 700, but are most common in AD 500 - 600. The brooch has a sub-circular frame in plan, and is oval in cross section. The two opposing terminals are irregularly cast cuboids with sub-square faceted terminals resulting in a plain lozenge on each face, but they are very worn. The terminals have a small central circular depression, one on the front face of each terminal, filled with concretion. The hoop is otherwise undecorated and the pin no longer remains. There is an overall green and brown patina with corrosion patches and concretion to the frame. Dimensions; Length 28.21mm, Width 25.62mm, Thickness 3.23mm and Weight 8.98g. Paralells for comparison on the database are YORYM-1967CD, YORYM-D6E554, SWYOR-6EA057 and HESH-2086A7. The sub-square faceted terminals fit into Booth and Fowler's Type G; this example does have a possible decoration on the terminals in the form of a central depression on one face. Dr Anna Booth (2014) discusses the distribution of Type G brooches as predominantly from mortuary contexts and to a lesser extent hill forts, with only very small numbers from other types of site. They are found across much of western and northern Britain with a particular concentration around both sides of the Severn estuary, extending into South Wales and into the Midlands. A lesser concentration is also located in the Yorkshire/Lincolnshire region and a small scatter of brooches stretch from South-West to north-east, connecting these two groups. Ref: Booth, A. (2014) Reassessing the long chronology of the penannular brooch in Britain: exploring changing styles, use and meaning across a millennium. Leicester: Leicester University unpublished thesis.

LIN-2C9E0E: BROOCH
An Early Medieval silver-gilt small square-headed brooch dating to the 5th-6th century AD. Only the footplate lobe and a small portion of the footplate has survived. The lobe is sub-circular with the outer border decorated with two circumferential rows of stamped triangles, with the points facing each other. This decoration is much worn along one side and the lower aspect. Within this border is a central humanoid en-face Style I head or 'mask', somewhat degenerative. It faces upwards towards the footplate comprising of a semi-circular, rounded brow delineated by two linear grooves, two bulging pellets for eyes, a slightly wavy transverse line (moustache) and a triangular mouth with a groove. The head is defaced by a central circular perforation. Surrounding the head is a raised circular band. The footplate springs up from the lobe, near the triangular mouth. The patina along the broken edge of the footplate indicates ancient damage. The part of the footplate that survives is decorated with a raised central humanoid face or 'mask' with heavy, curved brows and two pellets for eye, facing away from the head in the lobe, and each side has a trace of the chip-carved style ridges and grooves, as can be seen in the cross-section. At some point in the brooch's biography, it has been repaired. The humanoid head is framed by a pair of rivets with circular heads, which pass through the footplate, securing a square sheet on one side – the other rivet seems to have lost its sheet repair. The footplate outer rib is decorated with two longitudinal grooves. Traces of black inlay of niello are visible on the decorated side. Measurements: (Surviving) Length 26.32 mm; Width: 22.70 mm; Thickness: 3.07 mm; Weight: 8.15g Discussion: Silver small square-headed brooches are generally found within the North Sea Littoral in England, Denmark and Norway and on the Continent in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. In England, these types of brooches made from silver are generally found in graves in southern England, particularly Kent and were used as feminine dress accessories (Leigh 1980). In line with Kentish silver brooches, this brooch has traces of black inlay of niello and shares stylistic similarities with the Chessell Down 22 brooch which is thought to be of Kentish workshop (Leigh 1980, 81-3). These similarities include the stamped decoration along the rib and footplate lobe of two rows of stamped triangles (Chessel Down 22 brooch: British Museum Accession no. 1867,0729.5). Chessell Down 22 belongs to Hines Group III (Hines 1997, pl. 13b, 41-8) and sits in Hines phase 1 (c.AD 500-525). This brooch from Corringham also parallels examples from Scandinavia and the Continent including the end lobe of the square-headed brooches from Donzdorf Grab 78, Germany (Suzuki 2008, pl. 216), Vedstrup, Denmark (Olsen 2006, fig. 3), Pompey, France (Hines pl. 103b), Tveitane, Norway (C11237; Suzuki 2008 pl. 214) and Nordheim, Germany (Suzuki 2008, pl. 210). Similar small square-headed brooches have been reported under the Treasure Act and recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database, for example, those from the Aunsby and Dembleby in Lincolnshire (LIN-723345, 2011T144), Calbourne in Isle of Wight (IOW-B26F91, 2017 T1153), Northbourne in Kent (KENT-B2E0C6, 2017T1007) and Ham in Wiltshire (BERK-46D21A, 2015T915). This will be the second silver square-headed brooch from Lincolnshire recorded on the PAS database. References Hines, J., 1997. A new corpus of Anglo-Saxon great square-headed brooches. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. Leigh, D., 1980. The square-headed brooches of sixth century Kent (Doctoral dissertation, University College, Cardiff,). Olsen, V.S., 2006. The development of (proto)-disc-on-bow brooches in England, Frisia and Scandinavia. Palaeohistoria, 47(48), pp.479-528. Suzuki, S., 2008. Anglo-Saxon button brooches: typology, genealogy, chronology (Vol. 10). Boydell & Brewer Ltd.