NCL-9DA4A7: BROOCH
A copper alloy disc of a later Early Medieval ansate brooch. The object is a disc from one end of an ansate brooch with one decorated face. The decoration consists of cells which would originally have been infilled with enamel/glass/coloured paste. Corrosion within the cells suggests some colour differentiation. There is no obvious organisation of the cells other than that they follow a circular pattern with a cross in the centre. The underside is undecorated and has a corroded lug. One edge of the disc has a break where the bow connected to the disc. Weetch allocated this brooch to her type II.Aiii, ansate brooches with disc-shaped terminals with incised geometric decoration.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/179277

LEIC-044CB6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.l. pg. 74, Plate 48. It is 51mm long, 18mm wide and 11mm deep. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 8.83grams. The brooch has short hollow wings with a semi-circular hole to hold a spring bar. Part of the spring mechanism sits above the centre of the wings. It has a long sub-rectangular sectioned bow. Half of its surface is taken up with a raised line which terminates in a raised chevron so it resembles an arrow. Where the decoration on the front ends, the catchplate begins on the reverse. The catchplate is intact and tapers outwards gently until it forms a rolled 'catch' 15mm long. The brooch appears to be missing a spherical terminal at this point as it ends abruptly.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/179391

LEIC-046093: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plain hinged bow brooch, 26mm long, 22mm wide and 7mm deep. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 2.98grams. The brooch has circular sectioned solid wings which sit above the bow at an angle and form a central rectangualr void, presumambly where the hinge fitted. The bow is triangular in section and is slightly curved. There is no sign of decoration on the brooch and no catchplate or pin present.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/179392

LEIC-048467: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch, 22mm in diameter and 2mm thick (6mm at catchplate). The object is in fair condition with a green/brown patina and weighs 3.64grams. The brooch is decorated with an outer raised border with a further inner border, 2mm in from the edge. This is filled with what is now red enamel. Inside this are four raised semi-circles which are arranged so they form a cross motif, two are filled with red enamel and one with blue, the last is empty but presumably was originally blue as well. There is a raised circle inside the 'cross' 2mm in diameter. Its reverse has traces of a catchplate and a semi-circular lug, but no pin remains. The brooch matches fig.1137, page 206 in Hattatt's ancient brooches

LVPL-059BC2: BROOCH
Roman bow brooch with some blue and orange enamel remaining. A derivative of a Wirral/ trumpet type bow brooch. This is an unusual variation and has some nice detail remaining. The bow is very pronounced and the body of the brooch is quite short. The main body of the brooch is complete although it has broken before the foot. The pin was on a spring of 4 turns and this still reamins although the pin is now missing. Some of the catchplate is present. The head plate takes the form of 3 steps which are enamelled with orange. There could have been a loop at the top as there is a broken edge there, but this is not certain. All the way down the bow are triangular cells, one row on each side, which are filled with blue enamel. The lozenges in between the triangles are just metal. In the middle of the bow is a hexagonal boss which has been marked with a cross. This could have contained enamel but none remains.

DENO-05C462: BROOCH
Roman brooch; cast copper alloy bow brooch of the ‘double dolphin’ or ‘wishbone’ type. Pin, which would have been hinged, missing. Simple, small, cylindrical wings with two bows tapering and coming together towards the foot. No extant decoration on wings or bows. Foot is simple, undecorated, small knob. Base of catchplate present but rest missing. Surface pitted and with blackish patina over all. Dated to the 1st century. Cf Benet, R07-0101, pg 110; R07-0111, pg 112 Also Mills, RB99, pg 47 (This is a triple bow brooch. The explanation indicates that similar double bow brooches have been found in Norfolk. It suggests that they are Icenian and date to the late 1st century) Length 34.14mm, width (wings) 23.9mm, width (bow) 14.85mm, thickness (bow) 5.53mm, thickness (foot with catchplate) 6.12mm, weight 8.51g

DENO-05E441: BROOCH
Roman brooch fragment; foot of cast copper alloy (probable) fantail brooch with relief moulding and indication of a loop at the bow. Probably 2nd century, due to its size and elaborate decoration. Plate is triangular in shape with relief moulded foliate (or possibly serpent?) design, although this is unclear due to corrosion and wear on the metal. The fragment is broken off at the point of the bow of the brooch but, unusually, there is the indication of the beginnings of a small loop at that point. A squared section of the bottom of the catchplate is present on the back of the fragment. Length 33.65mm, width 26.76mm, thickness (with catchplate) 13.13mm, thickness (plate) 3.67mm, weight 16.38g

DENO-0604D2: BROOCH
Early Medieval mount; Anglo-Saxon, cast copper alloy mount in the shape of a bird, possibly a cockerel. Flat mount with incised decoration on one face showing a bird, facing left, with hooked beak, small crest on the head, pointed wing extending up and backwards and thick curved tail. The feet are openwork but the area inside the beak has not been pierced. There is an incised oval for the eye and an indication of some patterning on the wing, although this is indistinct. This object can be compared with a series of bird brooches of late Anglo-Saxon date, which have feet standing on a 'perch'. Other bird brooches of the same or related types which can be found on the PAS database include NMS-E7F720 (this entry has further refs), SF-AD5FA7, SF-7B3CA5, SF-BCC403, SUSS-44F203 and KENT-9F6987. Also see Benet A09-0204, p. 289, for stylistic similarities (infill behind curled beak, shape of wing etc.) Height 26.70mm, width 41.52mm, thickness 3.56mm, weight 9.88g. Jane Kershaw has confirmed this as a Scandinavian type bird brooch which is probably unfinished.

LVPL-079CD2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Polden Hill booch fragment. The crest of the head is quite rounded and the bow tapers to a point at the end, although no foot remains. The hinged pin, catchplate and pin mechanism are all missing. The brooch is quite corroded all over but it is quite likely that this brooch would have been plain anyway.

WAW-1DBFC0: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman horse brooch. The brooch is in the shape of a stylised horse with Romano-British styled decoration in the form of blocks of enamel, but has a realistic shaped head, if slightly simplified. The head has a circular cell representing an eye. There is a moulded mane, but with no fine detail of the hair, instead there is a slender cell which was originally filled with enamel, and is further decorated with fine obliquely angled ridges along on the upper edge of the cell. The front legs of the horse are short and wide at he top, and quickly taper to blunt terminals, which may be incomplete, but this is not certain. The top of each leg has a small circular cell filled with a possible rivet, which is not visible on the reverse. There are no back legs, and this appears to be purposeful, rather than they are missing. The body of the horse is decorated with a sub-lozenge cell with three high-relief ring and dot designs within. In the field there is blue enamel remaining. In the field above where the back leg should be there are two elongated triangular cells which are filled with a mid green substance, possibly originally red enamel which has since corroded. The tail is in two-parts and is very stylised and abstract. The lower portion of the tail is a fan shape, with four radiating high-relief triangles decorating it. The second portion above the fan portion is an elongated scroll which curls upwards from the rump. This scroll is decorated with a curved triangular cell, and the pellet terminal has a circular cell which may be filled with a rivet with a slightly domed head, but the rivet is not visible on the reverse. The reverse of the brooch is flat except for a horizontal catchplate behind the front leg. On the opposite edge, behind the fan portion of the tail is a single lug with a central perforation. Around a copper alloy axis bar there is a four coils spring and integral pin. The axis bar, spring and pin have a blue/green shiny patina, whereas the brooch has a light green matte patina. The brooch measures 28.01mm long, 21.89mm wide and 9.17mm thick at the catchplate. It weighs 6.3g. Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 174) suggest that horse brooches may have a votive origin. Brooches in this style have been found across the Continent and probably date to the 1st century (Bayley and Butcher: p. 174).

CORN-23F237: BROOCH
Incomplete wire copper alloy bow brooch with short bilateral spring, coiled into 5 loops on a central, solid copper alloy axial rod, which holds the spring together. The chord seems to be missing but it could only have been attached to one end of the spring as the other end is in the centre, next to the central coil which extends to form part of the bow. The bow is broken and bent at an angle from subsequent damage, so the original curvature cannot be made out. The foot, pin and catchplate are missing. The surface of the brooch is corroded and pitted so that the recorder cannot determine if there was any decoration or 'nicking'. La Tene II style, Type 3B Late Iron Age Sharples (1991) illustrates a similar example of a Type 3B brooch from Maiden Castle on page 155, Fig.130, No.3 (1051), which is dated from the 2nd century to the early 1st century BC. Hull & Hawkes (1987) illustrate a similar example of a Type 3B brooch from Dirleton on page 177, Plate S1, No.2913, which is dated from the late 2nd century to the late 1st century BC.

WAW-2C40F1: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.a3., flat wing ends type, Western Group). The wings are semi-cylindrical with wing caps. Each cap has a central perforation which supports a copper alloy axis bar. Around the axis bar the spring is coiled, forming five incomplete coils, a pin, of which only approximately three-quarters of the pin remains, and a horizontal bar. This bar is held in place by a transverse groove on a vertical ridge decorating the bow head. The wings are undecorated. The bow head is hump-like in profile and decorated with a ridge, which is already mentioned. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is oval in section. The bow is broken at approximately the mid point. The break is not recent. The bow is undecorated. The brooch has a mid green patina and measures 24.99mm long, 13.85mm wide and weighs 3.8g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches is concentrated in the West Midlands.

SUR-2FD2A6: BROOCH
The upper part of a small plain Colchester-type brooch. The spring and pin are missing.

DENO-46A984: BROOCH
Early medieval cruciform brooch, two fragments, not joining but probably from the same object: Fragment 1 - part of head plate only. Part of the rectangular central plate with part of recessed left wing (right wings and base of plate broken off). Integrally cast top knob - plano-convex terminal, rectangular sectioned collar with straight sided groove between. On the reverse is a single lug to take the pin/spring, with iron staining around. There are two irregularly shaped rough depressions on the reverse of the knob. Length 32.07mm, width 24.85mm, thickness including hinge 8.78mm, thickness across knob terminal 4.86mm, thickness at top of head plate 2.41mm, weight 7.77g. Fragment 2 - part of bow and upper part of foot only. The upper part of the bow is missing - arched and carinated bow with bevelled corners (at the base at least), concave on the reverse. Below this a trapezoidal plate with a small winged projection on either side; below this two raised transverse ridges with a groove between; the rest of the foot is broken off. The damaged catchplate is on the reverse of the trapezoidal section. Length 44.95mm, width at widest part (across projecting wings) 21.55mm, thickness including catchplate & bow c.16mm, length of catchplate 16.5mm, weight 12.72g.

DENO-46CFF5: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Polden Hill brooch of early Roman date. The brooch is very small. The spring is missing, but there is iron staining within the cavity in the wings. The wings are undecorated. The surface of the bow is damaged but appears to have been decorated with four longitudinal incised lines, two probably running the length of the bow, and one on either side of the bow extending roughly half way down. The bow tapers to a point. The catchplate is missing. Dimensions: length 26.02mm, width across wings 18.06mm, width at top of bow 8.9mm and thickness 10.95mm. Weight 4.14g.

DENO-471351: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Polden Hill brooch with spring mechanism of early Roman date. The spring and pin are missing but there is iron staining in the cavity within the wings. The wings are broken off, leaving a small ridge on the left side only. There is a wide shallow groove on either side of the head where it meets the wings. The bow is undecorated except for a longitudinal groove which extends along about two-thirds of the bow. The bow tapers to a point. Most of the catchplate is missing but there is a ridge on the reverse all the way up to the head. Dimensions: length 65.6mm, width (wings broken off, across top of bow) 12.5mm and thickness c.19mm. Weight 17.70g.

WAW-4D5707: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5. Western Group, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 5.b4. Plate 50. The wings are semi-cylindrical with wing caps. Each cap has a central perforation which supports an iron axis bar. Around the axis bar the spring is coiled, forming eight incomplete coils, and a pin which is missing. There is also the remains of a horizontal bar leading from the spring which is held in place by an integral perforated lug at the junction of the bow head and upper edge of the wings. The wings are decorated with transverse ridges towards their terminals. The bow head is hump-like in profile and decorated with a central vertical ridge which tapers in depth and width along the bow. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is semi-circular in section. The bow is broken at approximately the mid point. The break is not recent. The bow is undecorated. The brooch has a mid grey patina and measures 27.43mm long, 22.56mm wide and weighs 7.2g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches is concentrated in the West Midlands.

WAW-4D7AB4: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth Group 5, Western Group,flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 5.b4. Plate 50. The wings are semi-cylindrical with wing caps. Each cap has a central perforation which supports a copper alloy axis bar. Around the axis bar the spring is coiled, forming eight incomplete coils, and a pin which is missing. There is also the remains of a horizontal bar leading from the spring which is held in place by an integral perforated lug at the junction of the bow head and upper edge of the wings. The wings are decorated with transverse ridges in centre of each wing. The bow head is slightly hump-like in profile and decorated with a central vertical ridge which tapers in depth and width along the bow. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is semi-circular in section. The bow is broken at approximately the mid point. The break is not recent. The bow is undecorated. The brooch has a mid grey/green patina and measures 26.77mm long, 22.8mm wide and weighs 7.8g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

WAW-4D9292: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5. Western Group, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 5.b4.Plate 50. The wings are semi-cylindrical with wing caps. Each cap has a central perforation which originally would support an axis bar, however the axis bar, spring, and pin are missing. At the junction of the bow head and upper edge of the wings there is a perforated lug to support a horizontal bar of the spring. The wings are decorated with transverse ridges at intervals along the wing. The bow head is slightly hump-like in profile and decorated with a central vertical ridge which tapers in depth and width along the bow. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is semi-circular in section. The bow tapers to a blunt point. On the reverse of the bow there is an incomplete catchplate. The brooch has a dark grenn/brown patina and measures 37.01mm long, 30.77mm wide and weighs 7g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches is concentrated in the West Midlands.

NCL-8459B4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy ansate brooch of the middle to late Early Medieval period, of Weetch's type II.Aiii. The bow of the object is D-shaped in section and the sub-circular, disc-shaped terminals are rectangular in section. The terminals have engraved cells showing an encircled cruciform shape. These were probably intended to hold enamel or paste decoration. The reverse of the object is undecorated. The reverse of one disc-shaped terminal carries the surviving fragment of the pin lug, which is set transversely (perpendicular to the pin). The other disc-shaped terminal carries the catchplate, a narrow, curved and integrally cast tag. The pin itself is missing but there are extensive traces of iron corrosion around the pin lug. Weetch dates this type to the 8th to 10th century.

LIN-B1CAE4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy flat disc brooch. The brooch has a raised perimeter enclosing a raised triskele motif with a pellet in the centre. The surrounding recessed fields would once have been enamelled however only a small patch of red enamel now remains within the triskele itself. There is a pin lug and worn catchplate on the reverse. The pin is missing. Flat disc brooches date to the late 1st/2nd century and are a British product.

WAW-C12550: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman Wroxeter brooch. The wings/bow head is an inverted 'D' shape which has an integral plate protruding from the upper edge. The plate is off-set has an abraded upper edge which probably originally had a perforation. The reverse of the bow head is hollow and has an integral lug at either side, with a circular perforation. The lugs originally would have held an axis bar on which the spring was coiled or the pin was hinged, all these mechanisms are now missing. The bow protrudes from the centre of the bow head and is rectangular in section and curved in profile. The upper surface of the bow is decorated with two parallel vertical cells each filled with traces of enamel. The bow is broken at the approximate mid point. This break is not too recent. The brooch has a well developed mid to dark brown coloured patina with a white alloy coating on the head plate. The brooch measures 28mm long and 13.16mm wide across the bow head. It weighs 5.3g. These types of brooch can be considered to be a variation of the trumpet-headed and/or headstud series. Hattatt (Hattat, R 1985 Iron Age and Roman Brooches Oxbow) illustrates a similar brooch, No. 401 and dates these type of brooches to the 1st to 2nd centuries. However, Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 169) illustrate similar brooches, the 'Wroxeter' and 'Prestatyn' type brooches and separate these from the 'T' shaped examples. The recorded example is very similar to the 'Wroxeter' example and these date to late 1st century to the 2nd century (Bayley and Butcher: p. 169). These type of brooches are found commonly in North Wales and the Midlands.

LEIC-C74962: BROOCH
Late Iron Age to Roman copper alloy Colchester type bow brooch, 65mm long, 21mm wide and weighing 12.20 grams. The brooch is plain with short open wings containing a spring of seven coils. The curved bow is sub circular in section and tapers to a point and has a raised tapering area protruding from the spring and down the centre of the upper part of the bow. Traces of a catchplate 16mm long are just visible and the upper part of the pin survives.

WAW-DB8898: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 4.l, Plate 48. The wings are semi-cylindrical with wing caps. Each cap has a central perforation which supports a copper alloy axis bar. Around the axis bar the spring is coiled, forming coils which are so corroded it is difficult to count them. From the spring the pin extends, however the pin is missing on this example. There is also the remains of a horizontal bar leading from the spring which is held in place by an integral perforated lug at the junction of the bow head and upper edge of the wings. The wings are undecorated. The bow head is hump-like in profile and decorated with a central vertical groove which continues down the bow. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is oval in section. The bow is broken above the approximate mid point. The break is not recent. The brooch has traces of a mid green patina and measures 18.95mm long, 22.35mm wide and weighs 7.3g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

BUC-2A9F34: BROOCH
A worn copper alloy bow and fantail brooch, complete but for the pin and possibly a loop springing from the wings. The arched bow splays out into a sub-triangular foot on which there is a raised pattern This consists of a diamond above an arc which curls in towards the centre at each end. The remains of the catch plate are on the reverse of this. Similar 1st-2nd century examples can be seen in Hattatt (2000 p 315)

LVPL-2CAC85: BROOCH
Copper alloy lozenge shaped plate brooch from the Roman period. The main body of the brooch is complete but the pin is missing. The brooch is lozenge shaped with a lug at each corner. The front face has a hollow central lozenge shaped boss which would have been filled with enamel as decoration. The boss is surrounded by a raised edge. The lugs have been cast integrally with the brooch and are pointed and collared. Two have the remains of the pin mechanism and the catchplate on the back. The back of the brooch is plain. This type of brooch dates from the end of the first century through to the second century AD.

LVPL-2CD8C4: BROOCH
Copper alloy cast reversed fantail type of Roman bow brooch. The bow of the brooch is complete and the catchplate is still present. The pin was on a spring mechanism held by a rearward hook over the chord. The hook is still present but the pin and the spring are missing. The back of the bow is flat and the front decoration is moulded. The top half of the bow is made up of two domes. The bow then widens to the lower bow which is almost lozenge shaped. The lower bow has an X on the top part. The foot knob is semi-spherical. Hatatt dated this type of brooch to the mid first century AD. A very similar example can be seen in Hatatt's book on page 62, no. 813 (1994).

LVPL-2D1AF4: BROOCH
Copper alloy cast trumpet brooch from the Roman period. The main body of the brooch is complete with some of the catchplate remaining. The pin was sprung and attahced to the head by an axial bar to a single lug. The lug is present but has broken and the pin and its spring are missing. The head of the brooch is a circular shape. The brooch has a mid-bow double flange. The bow narrows to a small rounded foot which is separated from the bow by 2 lines around its circumference.

SWYOR-322826: BROOCH
A lead alloy probable brooch fragment which is probably from the mid Early Medieval period. The fragment is a sub rectangular flat plate with one end rounded, and the other end broken with the majority of the brooch missing. The fragment is divided into two panels by a transverse raised bar. There seems to be a plain border round each panel, and interlace patterns within. The reverse is plain and flat apart from two lugs at the rounded end. These were probably originally pierced to hold the pin bar, but are now corroded and the bar and pin are missing. It is probably part of a middle Saxon strip brooch, or part of a Continental Ansate brooch, but no exact parallel has been found yet. The brooch fragment is 29.5mm long, 16mm wide and 8mm thick. The lead has developed a light yellowish grey patina with some areas appearing reddish. The breaks are also patinated and so appear to be old.

WAW-3F0491: BROOCH
Roman (c. AD 60 to 80) Aesica type brooch: The wings of the cast copper alloy brooch are almost semi-cylindrical. Within the wings there is a copper alloy axis bar with a spring coiled around it. The spring has 14 coils and a fragment of the pin. The external coils join forming a horizontal bar which loops under the upper portion of the bow. At the centre of the upper edge of the wings there is an integral hook. The bow head/upper portion of the bow is an elongated trapezoidal shape in plan with concave sides and the lower corners terminating with a bulbous knop. In the centre of the bow head there is a vertical ridge which tapers towards the wings as decoration. This portion of the bow is 'C' shape in profile. The lower portion of the bow is integral to the lower edge of the upper portion. It is narrowed and is triangular in plan and has two very small knops on the lower edge. The outer surface is decorated with a triple-stranded vertical line and borders. The reverse of this portion there is a central vertical solid catchplate which has an abraded edge. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete dark green patina. The brooch measures 38.43mm long, and is 29.12mm wide across the wings, weighing 25g. The brooch is a Roman Aesica type. Hattat (1987) illustrates a similar brooch No. 794, and he dates these brooches, Aesica brooches, to the 1st century. Snape (1993) comments that Aesica type brooches were derived from continental thistle or rosette brooches and their findspots are concentrated in the Midlands and central southern England. Macreth (Macreth, 2011) suggests they date to c. 60 to c. 80AD. Hattat, R. 1987 Brooches of Antiquity, Oxford: Oxbow Mackreth, D. F. 2011 Brooches in Late Iron Age and Roman Britain Volume 1 Oxford: Oxbow Books Snape, M.E. 1993 Roman Brooches from North Britain B.A.R. 235

NCL-40FF17: BROOCH
Copper alloy Colchester type Roman brooch. Very simple in style and undecorated. The remains of the catchplate sugests that it was of openwork design. The spring is extant, although the left wing is incomplete. The pin is partial and has been bent at an angle of around 120 degrees towards the left wing.

ESS-449305: BROOCH
Roman Brooch: Incomplete Colchester two piece brooch. Cast in copper alloy. The head of the brooch is incomplete, with a break across one of the wings. The surviving wing has vertical mouldings along its length. There is a hooked cord at the top of the head, through which the (incomplete) axis bar of the (incomplete) sprung pin is attached. The bow is curved with a wide central ridge running along its length. The triangular catchplate on the reverse of the bow is incomplete, and would have had circular perforations. The brooch is 30mm long. Colchester brooches are most common through the middle of the 1st century AD (Bayley and Butcher 2004, pp. 148-150).

ESS-449DF3: BROOCH
Roman T-shaped brooch. Cast in copper alloy the brooch has tubular wings decorated with vertical grooves. The hinged pin does not survive. The bow is narrow and curved, with a central ridge decorated with a herringbone pattern. The solid triangular catchplate is intact on the reverse of the lower half of the bow. The brooch has a mid green patina. There is a small patch of corrosion on the wings. It is 70mm long.

ESS-44C241: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman Hod Hill brooch. Dating from the 1st century AD. Cast in copper alloy with possible traces of tinning on the surface. The rolled over hinge is broken, with the axis bar and pin missing. The sub-rectangular bow has worn and broken edges. The wide, rectangular bow is decorated with four vertical mouldings. The area above the bow are two horizontal mouldings bordering a slightly depressed area. There is a break at the base of the bow, with the foot and catchplate missing. The surviving section of the brooch is 21mm long.

SUR-44E465: BROOCH
The lower part of an openwork plate brooch with three circular projections (1 is missing). The body and the projections have cells for missing enamel inlay. the catchplate survives on the back.

NCL-452064: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy disc brooch from the Roman period. The disc is divided into six equal segments by lines extending from the centre. There are twelve peripheral knobs, one at the end of each of the dividing lines and one halfway between each of these.The knobs are worn, some almost entirely. Each segment is enamelled with a circular area left plain. Two opposing segments have been decorated with a pale yellow/white enamel, whilst the remaining four are a dark blue. On the reverse the spring is extant, along with part of the pin. The catchplate has broken, and only a stub remains.

SUR-46CA13: BROOCH
The bow from a one-piece brooch of Late Iron Age date. The bow is of flat strip form and tapers inwards towards the missing catchplate. On either side of the bow is a very wide groove with a zigzag between. At the upper end of the bow is a series of transverse grooves. Both spring and pin are missing. The brooch is in good condition.

WILT-593CF2: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy, enamel and tinned Roman plate brooch of the umbonate type with a hinged mechanism, missing axis bar, pin and with damaged decorative lugs. Some of the enamel is also missing. The brooch measures 25.8x30.3mm (it would have originally measured c.28x32.5mm) and weighs 8.52g. The brooch is rounded and convex to the rear. Decoration is in the form of a 6-pointed star around a central ring-and-dot motif. Enamel survives in five of these points and is alternately blue and yellow. The points of the star touch a 19.3mm diameter band which defines the extent of the rounding. This creates a wide triangle between each point, at the centre of which is a diamond shape in copper alloy. The rest of the triangle is filled with red enamel. Around this central rounded area is a flatter band from which the remains of ten equidistant lugs project. One of these (that behind the catchplate) is complete. The wear on the others could be damage from the plough soil. The lugs are circular with a central ring-and-dot, except that behind the hinge mechanism which although only half survives, is pierced. the area between the lugs and the rounded centre has traces of tinning. To the reverse, the curl of the catchplate is mostly missing and the piercings of the hinge lugs have been broken through. Late 1st century-2nd century in date.

WILT-5A62C4: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy and enamel Roman plate brooch of the equal-ended type with a hinged mechanism, missing its pin shank and most of the enamel. It measures 34mm in length and is max.11.2mm wide. It weighs 2.15g. Both hinge mechanism and catchplate are slightly bent to one side, possibly as a result of being trodden on in ancient times. At the centre of the bow is a 11.2x12.6mm square, a double rib around a central sunken area 7.6x7.6mm. This has a small amount of white enamel remaining. Above, the bow extends dropping in a slight curve, behind which is the hinge mechanism, and ending in an acorn terminal (two ribs either side of a rounded area). Below the central square the bow is rather longer (12.8mm compared to 9.2mm). It is also triangular in section (behind which the catchplate extends), again ending in a acorn terminal. To the reverse, the curl of the catchplate is intact and the pin head remains lodged between the two hinge-lugs. The patina of the metal is a dark brown colour. The brooch is of Hattatt's 'almost equal-ended type' because of its varying lengths of bow either side of the central enamelled area. According to Hattatt, brooches of this type are more prevalent in the eastern counties. Cf. Hattatt no.1596, set with 6 (from an original 15) black beads, and 1597. 2nd century in date.

WILT-5A8307: BROOCH
Complete copper alloy and enamel Roman zoomorphic brooch in the form of a duck. It is 31.7mm in length (from beak to tail) and max.12.3mm wide (at its breast). It weighs 4.21g. The body itself is rather flat and does not stand very high, max.2.6mm. It is occupied by four fields of enamel, representing the wings and back (to the tail). The outer two fields (wings) are filled with a blue enamel, the inner two (back/ tail) a white enamel. These fields are an elongated tear-drop shape, one pair being inverted compared to the other. The body itself is tear-drop shaped, with a small D-shaped tail extending from the 'pointed' end (the flat of the D being against the body). Body and tail are 25.3mm long. The neck extends 8.3mm from the body into the head, curving, and a very flat, wide and long beak extending (4mm wide, 1.2mm thick, 8mm long). The beak has a slight mid-rib and turns up at the end. On the underside the catchplate is complete, as is the spring mechanism and pin which, though a little corroded, still work. Cf Hattatt 1168 and 1170, although both these examples have pierced tails to act as a chain loop. Bailey and Butcher (2004, Roman Brooches in Britain, p.175) date this type of brooch to the later 2nd century.

ESS-5AE732: BROOCH
Roman cast copper alloy colchester two piece brooch. The brooch has been flattened and twisted. There are rectangular wings with a curved profile, with a double pierced lug on the reverse for the missing pin. The bow has a raised central ridge. The catchplate is missing.

ESS-5B3A12: BROOCH
Roman cast copper alloy Langton Down brooch. The brooch is incomplete, with damage to the wings. The sprung pin is missing. The bow is decorated with vertical moulded lines. There is a worn break at the base of the bow, the lower half of the bow which would have had the catchplate attached to the reverse is missing. The bow is straight in profile, becoming more pronounced over the wings. The surviving section of the brooch is 29mm long.

ESS-5B6203: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Langton Down brooch. The curved wings would have held a sprung pin. The top of the bow is curved, and the sides taper in towards the foot. There is a prominant raised ridge running along the centre of the bow, with a shallower ridge to either side. The bow is slightly curved in profile. The remains of an openwork catchplate survive on the reverse of the bow.

ESS-5B6E54: BROOCH
Roman cast copper alloy brooch. The brooch is incomplete, with only the remains of an openwork catchplate. This would have formed part of a bow brooch dating from the first century AD.

HAMP-6A2114: BROOCH
A very worn and incomplete cast copper-alloy Colchester brooch dating to the late Iron Age to early Roman period, c. 25-65 AD. A one-piece example with an intact rearward facing hook at the top of the head (L.: 13.1mm). This hook would have held the external chord of the spring; this latter, along with the pin, broken just below the head such that a curved vestige remains, is now missing. Below the hook there are two flat wings of which only vestiges now remain. The bow is oval in cross-section. It tapers from a maximum diameter of c. 5.4mm to less than 1.5mm at the catchplate end. There is a slight kink at the foot; otherwise the bow has only been damaged through wear. The catchplate itself is highly abraded and little of it remains: it would have extended up the bow for c. 15.9mm. The artefact has corroded to a brown-orange colour.

HAMP-6B35E1: BROOCH
A worn fragment from a cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch, possibly a 1st-century Hod Hill type. The fragment consists of the leg and lower part of the bow. The surviving bow fragment is flat and rectangular (L.: 8.6mm, W.: 5.37mm, Th.: 2.4mm). It is decorated on its upper surface by three longitudinal grooves creating two internal ridges with a ridge bordering on either side. The leg slopes down to a small terminal knob. The leg itself is very slender and tapers from the bow to a width of only 1.7mm before the terminal. It is bevelled on both sides so that it is triangular in cross-section (with rounded corners). The catchplate is triangular and survives well with only the catch itself lost through abrasion. It extends up the leg for 22.1mm. The catch is 16mm in length and runs parallel to the bow. The fragment is a dull brown-green colour with pitting caused by corrosion.

HAMP-6BB170: BROOCH
A worn cast copper-alloy fragment from a Roman Disc-and-Trumpet brooch. The flared trumpet head survives, as does the upper section of the bow. The head is sub-circular with a protrusion at the terminal, probably a broken loop. The edge is flattened. The semi-circular perforated lugs on the lower surface are very abraded; the axis bar and pin are missing. Below the head the bow constricts to a width of 4.75mm. It then expands into a central discoidal element with the remnants of four side protrusions arranged in saltire. This element too has a flattened border, within which is a raised circle with a further ring and dot within this. It is likely that the fields within the rings would have been enamelled; there is a possible trace of blue enamel in the outer field. The disc is flat on its lower surface and very slightly curved in profile. The brooch has been broken just below it such that the leg and catchplate are missing. Examples of this form can be found illustrated in Hattatt (2000, 329; fig. 188, top two rows) and are dated to the 2nd century AD. This example has corroded to a dull mid-green colour and is pitted all over.

SUR-6E3DE7: BROOCH
An early Roman brooch of Colchester type. The brooch has plain side wings, catchplate and spine but there is a rounded knop and a collar on the foot. The corrosion suggest an iron repair to the spring, unless the spring was iron originally.

SUR-6EB1A5: BROOCH
An early Roman brooch of Colchester type. The brooch has plain side wings, catchplate and D-section bow. Part of the spring and pin are missing.

LVPL-6EAD38: BROOCH
Copper alloy Roman umbonate brooch. A circular brooch with circular knops on the outer edge. There would have been 8, now only 3 are left. The 6 smaller knops are decorated with an inner circle. At the top and bottom were two larger knops, only one of which remains. This has a central circular perforation. The pin is on a hinge and remains but the catchplate is missing. The brooch is a hollow dome shape with a central peak. The front face is decorated. It is split into 16 segments each of which would have held enamel. Some still retain the yellow and blue enamel. This type of brooch mostly dates to the second century AD (Hattatt; 2000; 350).

SUR-6EBC73: BROOCH
The lower part of an early Roman brooch, probably of Colchester type. The brooch has a slender D-section bow and a triangular aperture in its catchplate.

WILT-6FCFE6: BROOCH
Fragment of Roman copper alloy bow brooch, consisting of the lower bow and incomplete catchplate only. The brooch is very worn and most of the original patina is missing. The fragment measures 44.9mm in length and is very straight in profile. It is 5.4mm wide at the break and 5.4mm wide at the foot. The breaks are old. The bow is roughly triangular in section, being flat to the reverse. To the front is a mid-rib, from which either side falls away. There appears to be rocker-arm decoration on either side although the surface is very worn. At either long edge is another rib. To the reverse a broken openwork catchplate extends, consisting of three arms not-quite-meeting in the triangular catchplate shape. The brooch is 1st century in date from its style, and similar in its straight bow and ribbed front to the Birdlip type. The fragment weighs 3.16g.

SWYOR-C87333: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman bow brooch which is probably Dolphin type. The bow survives, but the pin, mechanism, and most of the catchplate are missing. The bow has a humped head and tapers to a point at the foot. It is decorated with two narrow grooves that run the length of the bow and flare at the head. There is also a narrow groove on each edge of the humped part of the bow. The wings are short and are semi-tubular. They do not appear to be decorated. The brooch is 47.9mm long, 20.2mm wide and 10.4mm thick. On the reverse of the wings, the semi-circular spring case has ends that are pierced to hold the axis bar for the spring, and on the reverse of the bow a little of the catchplate survives. The brooch has a dark brown patina and is slightly glossy, suggesting that it may have originally been tinned or silvered. The brooch probably dates from the late first to mid second century (Snape, 1993, Roman Brooches from North Britain).

SWYOR-C887A4: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman bow brooch fragment of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.c. pg. 72 Plate 46. Only the head of the brooch survives and the spring and pin are missing. There appears to be a central zig-zag line of decoration down the centre of the bow, but much of the patina is chipped and corroded, hiding most of the details. The brooch has short wings which appear not to be decorated. It is 20.6mm long, 20.2mm wide and 10.4mm thick. The wings are semi-cylindrical with closed ends which are pierced to take the axis bar of the spring. The brooch has a deep olive green patina where it has not been damaged. It probably dates from the first century AD (Snape, 1993, Roman Brooches from North Britain).

SUR-D61672: BROOCH
A lead alloy annular brooch. On the frame are four integrally mounted diamond-shaped expansions. Two of these have raised pyramids and the other two have cast fleur-de-lys. Between these are raised pellets.

SUR-D8D625: BROOCH
The upper part of a Roman brooch of Colchester type. The brooch has a pair of grooves on the outer part of each side wing and a roll moulding either side of the spine. The spring is of iron.

SUR-D8E7B0: BROOCH
The upper part of a plain Roman brooch of Colchester type. The spring is of iron.

NCL-030777: BROOCH
Complete Early Medieval penannular brooch, Fowler type G. The hoop is circular with exterior diameter 27.36mm and interior diameter 18.29mm. The hoop face has moulded ribbed decoration while the reverse is plain. The terminals are cuboid with faceted sides and measure 6.74mm wide x 5.4mm thick. Each terminal has a lozenge shape on the face, containing a central dot. The pin is complete and remains moveable. It measures 33.95mm long x 2.02mm thick. It is bent outwards, probably through use. The pin appears to be made from a different alloy to the hoop and was therefore possibly a replacement when the original pin broke. The excellent condition of the pin supports this theory. This brooch is an example of British culture in the sub-Roman - Early Medieval period.

DOR-3EB716: BROOCH
Small T-shape roman brooch. Cast copper alloy. The pin is missing. At the top are the two cylindrical wings to house the axis bar for a hinged pin arrangement. Between them is a large notch which extends into the head of the bow. The left witng is split open at the top revealing traces of iron corrosion, probably from an iron axis bar. The ends of the wings are ecorated with two ransverse grooves on each. At the head of the bow is a transverse incised line which does not quite extend all the way across.to the right side. The bow is D-sectioned and tapers as it extends downwards. The foot is damaged. There are patches of filing at the sides of the bow and file marks on the back. Date: Roman - 1st to 2nd century AD Dimensions: 21.9 mm x 22.74 mm x 7.63 mm Weight: 3.61 g

DOR-3F0A25: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch. The bow is similar in design to strip-bow brooches and native copies af Aucissa brooches (see R Hattatt,2000, A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Brooches, pages 318-319) . At the top are the two wings which are curled over a short copper alloy axis bar for a hinged pin arrangement. There is a large notch between the wings. The pin is attached and is as large as the bow. It has a flared head to act as a tensioning stop. The shaft of the pin is circular sectioned. The pin appears to be of a slightly different alloy and seems to be too large for the bow, suggesting this is a re-used pin in place of a lost or broken original. The upper part of the bow is rectangular in cross-section and tapers very slightly. This section is decorated with two longitudidinal grooves and incised diagonal lines over the resulting central rib. The lower part of the bow has been re-shaped so that it flattens out into an expanded, drop-shaped section which terminates in a sharp, elongated point. This suggests possible re-use.The wings are similar to both strip bow brooches and Aucissa derivatives. The bow and pin are both bent. Date: Roman - 1st century AD Dimensions: Original bow length is approx. 47 mm. Original pin length is approx. 50 mm. Surviving dimensions - 38.84 mm x 7.32 mm x 2.4 mm Weight: 3.29 mm

LVPL-3F8372: BROOCH
A Medieval brooch, much distorted, with a small break in the frame. The frame is decorated with notches on its front surface to create the impression of twisted wire. The pin is intact. It is sword-shaped, and has a lozenge shape in cross section. The front surface is decorated with two twisted wavy lines. The brooch is silver and dates from the fourteenth century. Dimensions: length 21 mm, width 12 mm.

WAW-DC37BE: BROOCH
Roman (mid 1st to 2nd century) brooch: The lower portion of the bow remains. The bow is broken at the upper edge which is at the approximate midpoint of the bow. The break is not a recent. The bow tapers to a slightly expanded foot. On the reverse of this portion of the bow there is a complete catchplate. The surface of the brooch has an abraded patina. The brooch measures 21.13mm in length, 3.79mm in width across the upper edge and weighs 1.35g. The brooch is a Colchester derivative. It probably dates to the mid-1st to second centuries.

DENO-4109E5: BROOCH
Roman brooch of Colchester-derivative Polden Hill (folded wings, Eastern Group). Large, cast copper alloy Polden Hill type brooch dating to the later 1st century AD. Wings are broad and have a slightly-flattened, cylindrical shape. They are decorated with an incised line which has a squared zig-zag line in relief running along the centre of its length. This decorative band runs around the end of both wings and then diagonally from the inner side of the end of the wing towards the middle of the outer side of the wings, near the start of the bow. The bow is a simple, deeply curved dolphin shape which tapers gracefully to a point. It has similar decorative bands to the wings and these run along the length of both sides of the bow. There is no evidence of a foot. The catchplate and pin, which was hinged, are missing. Length 56.9mm, width 43.7mm, depth 21.7mm, weight 39.56g Ref: Hattatt, page 300, figure 159

DENO-7BCF74: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Large, cast copper alloy trumpet brooch with elaborate decoration and enamelling. Brooch has sprung pin made from single length of wire coiled 6 times around axis. Much of pin is still present, although 2 small pieces of the spring have broken away (still present). Brooch has broad trumpet head with abstract design inlaid with red and dark blue enamel. The bow has a large, rounded, central boss with 6 decorative cast knobs. The boss is bordered at top and bottom by two transverse ridges. The lower bow has a sawtooth design, inlaid with red enamel. The foot is flat and circular. The catchplate is short but broad and is still mostly present. The brooch has an overall deeply concave profile. Length (span – top of head to bottom of foot) 56.2mm, width (head at pin axis) 20.4mm, width (central boss) 14.0mm, width (foot) 10.2mm, depth (front of central boss to back of pin) 40.3mm, thickness (just below central boss) 7.1mm Weight (all three fragments) 40.90g Ref: Similar enamelled trumpet brooches can be seen in Hattatt, page 327, figure 186.

DENO-7E2E48: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Small, cast copper alloy trumpet or head stud brooch. Dated to the late first or early second century. Brooch has a broad, semi-circular head with two narrow, decorative ridges around the outer edge of the semi-circle. Remains of pin hinge present. The centre of the bow broadens to a flattened, heart-shaped plate with three dots moulded into it. Pin, foot and catchplate missing. Length 29.7mm, width (head) 10.0mm, width (central boss) 9.4mm, depth (front to back) 11.5mm, weight 3.71g

LEIC-9509F8: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy rosette brooch fragment, 27mm long, 23mm wide and 3mm thick The object is in poor condition with a green patina and weighs 5.45grams. The object is sub circular and very worn. At its upper edge there is a tapering and curved protrusion, with a crescent section, which emerges at 90 degrees from the surface. Below this is a crescent shape which is decorated with four triangular depressions, which would have contained enamel. Below them is a band with uneven rectangular depressions. The rest of the plate is plain and it tapers to a point (which may be the result of wear) directly opposite the raised protrusion. The reverse is plain and the plate has a crack in its surface near its edge.

BERK-9F7241: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy gilded Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch. The item has a plain flared rim and a central rosette surrounded by a relief design referred to as 'devolved guilloche' which is essentially a series of stylised interwoven bands or ribbons represented by angular blocks flowing in an anti-clockwise direction. The brooch has been bent and fragmented so that roughly two thirds of the item remains. There are slight traces of the original pin attachment on the reverse. Two brooches of the same design, also found in Oxfordshire are recorded in the Ashmolean Museum's, 'A Summary Catalogue of the Anglo-Saxon Collections', MacGregor & Bolick, 1993, Record 2.31, p.48. Saucer brooches belong largely to the late 5th - 6th centuries, although some production survived into the early decades of the 7th century. The main focus of distribution of these brooches is around the upper Thames valley, extending into southern and western Midlands. Peripheral areas include counties south of the Thames, East Anglia and as far north as Humberside. Brooches of this type were produced charcteristically as a single casting. Women and young girls wore them in a pairs at the shoulder or the breast (MacGregor & Bolick, 1993, page 42).

SWYOR-A8A545: BROOCH
A copper alloy penannular brooch dating from the Iron Age or Roman period. The brooch is no longer circular, having become bent into a chevron shape. It is 36.8mm long, 25.7mm wide and 2.8mm thick. It is circular in section. The terminals are flattened spherical knops with a collar. It is probably Fowler’s type A3 (“The Origins and Development of the Penannular Brooch in Europe” in The Prehistoric Society, 1960). Almost all the pin is missing, with just the attachment end surviving wrapped around the brooch. The brooch has a smooth light green patina.

LEIC-D19605: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46. The brooch appears to be plain and is missing its spring and catchplate, despite damage to its wings and some pitting, has a good surface patina. The wings are short and their edges have worn away. The bow is plain and has a semi-circular section and tapers to a point.It is 39mm long, 16mm wide and 12mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 7.14grams.

NCL-D5E541: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy knee brooch. The headplate and spring are partial and the pin is missing. On the reverse a central ridge runs from just below the 'knee' and extends to become the catchplate, now incomplete.

NCL-D650C2: BROOCH
Roman bow brooch of Polden Hill type, Bayley and Butcher group b, missing the pin and the lower half of the bow. The head is proportionally large and heavy with the upper bow humped forward over the crossbar. The crossbar terminates at either end in a pierced disc which holds the axis bar. Around the axis bar the near complete spring is wound. There is a rearward-facing hook on the head which would have held the chord. Two grooves run either side of this hook and taper together to form one central line which continues down the bow. On the underside, the web from the catchplate runs up the centre and meets the head.

DOR-D62E25: BROOCH
Fragment of a Roman copper alloy bow brooch. The head and wings only of a trumpet derivative type of the 1st to 2nd centuries. The wings are short and do not extend beyond the width of the head of the bow. The are cylindrical and house the remnant of an irin axis bar for a hinged pin mechanisim. At the head is the stub of a chain loop. There is a groove across the width of the head in front of the base of the chain loop. Below this the head narrows towards the break point. The head of the bow has a slight ridge along the centre and is hollowed at the back. This is a type of brooch generally worn in pairs and joined by a chain through the chain loops at the top. Date: Romans - 1st to 2nd century Dimensions: 17.82 mm x 15.80 mm x 9.31 mm Weight: 3.80 g

NARC-EFB5F1: BROOCH
The foot and lower section of the bow from an Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, modelled on the crucifrom type, and dating to the 6th century. The foot is flat in section and semi-circular in profile, with no ornament, while the straight section above it features four raised cast horizontal bands. The fragment measures 28.2mm in length, with a width of 23.7mm. The crescentic foot is 10.4mm deep. The fragment's maximum thickness is 3.4mm, and it weighs 4.0g.

NARC-EFC8F4: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, dating to around the 6th century. At this time, relatively crude imitations of larger brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). This is a good example of the type, measuring 51mm long, with a maximum head width of 24mm, and a bow thickness of 3.4mm. It weighs 11g. The head is roughly square and undecorated, measuring 24mm by 22m, while the bow is short (truncated at 29mm) and gently curved at the top, with a straighter, thin section close to the (now lost) foot. There is a small raised, rectangular area just above the foot. There is a single lug on the reverse (5.9mm deep) ,and iron corrosion representing the original pin.

NARC-EFCB45: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, copying the cruciform type, and dating to around the 6th century. At this time, relatively crude imitations of cruciform and square-headed brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). This is a good example of the type, weighing 12.0g, and measuring 42.6mm in length, and 26.1mm in width at its widest point (across the head). The head itself is made up of a central field measuring 12.7mm by 16.6mm, and external 'wings' or processes of rectangular form, measuring 16mm by 17mm. At the bow, the brooch has a thickness of 4.2mm, and the lug is 6.5mm deep. There is a single lug on the reverse,and iron corrosion representing the original pin. The bow is sharply curved, but the foot is now lost. The head is unornamented, and its 'wings' consist of small rectangular plates. The bow features a small stud-lile projection at its apex.

NARC-EFCE90: BROOCH
Two fragments (head and foot) of an Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, copying the 'cruciform' type. Such brooches were commonest in the 6th century. Around the 6th century AD , relatively crude imitations of cruciform and square-headed brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). Taken together, these fragments represent a good example of the type, measuring 63mm (combined length) x 7.7 (max width), x 4.6mm (thickness at apex of bow), and weighing 13g in total. The head is 25.1mm long, 24mm wide, and weighs 6g. The bow and foor are 37.9mm long, and weighs 7g. A single lug is evident on the reverse, and iron corrosion represents the original pin. The bow is sharply curved, but the slightly splayed foot is decorated only with horizontal incised lines, rather than the zoomorphic ornament typical of true cruciform brooches. The head is stamped with multiple ring-and-dot motifs, and its wings are small and hemispherical. The brooch's surface shows signs of bronze diseaase. This brooch bears very close resemblance to NARC-EFD0E6, from the same site.

NARC-EFD0E6: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch, copying the 'cruciform' type. Such brooches were commonest in the 6th century. Around the 6th century AD , relatively crude imitations of cruciform and square-headed brooches were produced, and these are termed 'small long brooches' (Hattatt 1985: 211). This is a good example of the type, measuring 60.9mm in length, 32,4mm in maximum width (at the head), and 4.3mm in thickness at the bow apex. The bow itself is 8.72mm wide, while the head has a width of 32.4mm. There is a single perforated lug on the reverse,and iron corrosion representing the original pin. The bow is sharply curved, but the slightly splayed foot is decorated only with horizontal incised lines, rather than the zoomorphic ornament typical of true cruciform brooches. The head is stamped with multiple ring-and-dot motifs, and its wings are small and hemispherical. The brooch's surface shows signs of bronze diseaase. The brooch shows strong formal and decorative similarities with NARC-EFCE90 from the same site.

NARC-EFD303: BROOCH
An Early Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small square-headed brooch brooch, dating to the 6th century. Although nicely cast, its incised line ornament is rather rudimentary, such that it might be classed as a small long brooch, copying the small square-headed form. The reverse retains a pair of lugs that would have made up the hinge mechanism, but the iron pin is now represented only by corrosion product. The brooch measures 64mm long, and has a maximum width of 28.8mm. The head is subrectangular (22mm wide, and 19mm deep). The brooch's maximum thickness is 3.1mm, though the attachment lug on the reverse is 9.0mm deep. The brooch weighs 26.0g.

NARC-F08813: BROOCH
A fragment from a Romano-British cast copper alloy knee brooch, dating to the 3rd or 4th centuries. The brooch has a fan-shaped spring casing, and though the bow seems unornamented, there is evidence that white metal was soldered onto by way of ornament. The fragment thus has a patchy green patina, with areas of silvery lustre. The foot and catchplate are not extant. The fragment measures 17.7mm in length, 10.1mm in width, and 2.1mm in maximum thickness. It weighs 1.8g.

NARC-F09306: BROOCH
A Romano-British cast copper alloy Colchester variant (double-pierced lug) brooch, dating to the first century AD. Moulded reeding is evident on the gently curved bow, and the wings form an open cylindrical housing for the spring, which has four turns and an external chord. The wings are decorated with groups of vertical (ie circumferential) lines. The double-pierced lug is situated behind the head, as is characteristic of this type. The upper hole retains the chord of the spring, the lower one secured an axis bar. The brooch fragment measures 24.9mm in length from end to end, and its wings span a width of 28.3mm. Its maximum thickness (just above the bow, and taking in the spring casing) is 11.3mm. It weighs 8.3g. It has a rough green-brown surface.

NARC-F09722: BROOCH
A fragment from a Romano-British cast copper alloy plate brooch, dating to the 2nd century AD. A pair of knurled transverse ribs divide the surface into two raised triangular fields, presumably originally coloured with enamel. The plate is thin, and the reverse bears no signs of a lug or pin attachment, so this piece may well have been soldered onto the front of a more substantial backplate. This is a common 2nd century form, and there are close parallels in Crummy 1983: p16, no. 78, and on the database (a good local example comes from Preston Deanery, near Quinton, NARC-79EF24). The plate measures 18.9mm in length, 16.7mm in width, and 2.0mm in thickness. It weighs 2.0g.

SUR-FBE846: BROOCH
A small gilded Roman knee brooch with a rounded bow. The head plate has cast decoration in the form of three joined upturned Vs. Remains of the spring and bar survive. The catchplate is worn.

WAW-0F5975: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Western Group), Mackreth 2011, 5.b4. Plate 50. The wings are semi-cylindrical with incomplete wing caps. The more complete cap has an incomplete central perforation which originally would have supported an axis bar. The axis bar, spring and pin are missing. Along the upper edge of the wings and bow head there is an integral hook, which originally would have held the horizontal bar of the spring. The wings are decorated with pairs of transverse grooves. The bow head is slightly hump-like in profile and decorated with a bordering groove down each side. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is oval in section. The bow is broken at approximately the mid point. The break is not too recent. The lower portion of the bow is has two triangular cells as decoration. The brooch has a mid grey/green patina and measures 18.54mm long, 21.32mm wide and weighs 3.9g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

WILT-163D71: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy dragonesque plate brooch, measuring 42.4x22.6x1.9mm and weighing 7.18g. It is of the unenamelled type. The brooch is apparantly complete though a little worn on its terminals (head and foot). It is in the form of an S-shaped plate with the head and foot forming the top and bottom of the S. The decoration is at the cente of the body and comprises a grooved-ring-and-pierced-dot. The brooch is slightly rounded on both sides except for the reverse of the central part of the body, which is hollowed. This also has a little iron staining. The head comprises a brow ridge and a snout which curve downwards and join up with a ?jaw to create an open area between. This is not a common feature of dragonesque brooches though can be seen on Hattatt no.609 (it is possible this is an interpretation of the design as this is a much plainer version of the more typical dragonesques). At this point the jaw also connects with the body of the S below it to create another, larger open area behind the head. This is a more common feature and usually where the pin curls around the neck on other dragonesque brooches. However on this example an additional open area behind this (at the top of the body of the S) has signs of wear (or its a very thin edge) so perhaps this is where the pin was fixed (again, this may be interpretation of the known style). In the same place at the bottom of the body of the S is another open area of the same dimensions as the first, also worn to the outside edge (or very thin edge). Perhaps this was for securing the other end of the pin, though this does not fit with the wear. Maybe then this brooch was designed to worn either way up, or both edges were fortuitously thin. The tail is trifurcated and perhaps originally had thin edges joining these and creating two more open areas to balance the head. Dragonesque brooches date from the second half of the first century to the second century and are thought to be a British invention, probably being made in the north as this is where the concentration are found.

SUSS-1175E3: BROOCH
A fragment of a Roman copper-alloy Colchester-derivative brooch, dating to the period AD c.43-100. Both wings have been lost and the brooch is broken a short way up the bow, removing the foot and catchplate. The spring and pin have also been lost. There is a notch in the head of the brooch and a ridge that extends down the bow. There are shallow grooves that run upon either side of the ridge, and the top surface of the bow is slightly concave on either side of the ridge. The brooch has a light green patina. Similar styles of brooch can be found in MacKreth 2011, pl.62, no.12096, or pl.50,no.1735 Length: 20.95mm Width: 11.97mm Thickness: 4.36mm Weight: 2.99g

SWYOR-3B15A5: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Medieval domed disc brooch. The brooch has a diameter of 26.1mm and is 8.5mm thick. It has a plain border and a design in relief of a Jellinge-style animal with interlace. On the reverse the double pin lug and catchplate survive, and there is another projecting lug which is too corroded to see if it was pierced. The pin does not survive. The brooch is in very good condition and has a deep green patina with lighter areas of slight corrosion. The brooch probably dates from the later part of the Early Medieval period; 850 - 1066 AD. Jane Kershaw has identified this as Scandinavian - a Jellinge-style disc brooch, Type I B2 (Jansson 1984b). It is the only one known from England (Kershaw 2013, 108).

SWYOR-3B94C6: BROOCH
Part of a copper alloy circular brooch which is Early Medieval in date. The brooch is a flat disc with a raised ropework rim. The front of the disc and the rim is gilt. It is broken and the surviving fragment is 18.3mm long, 12.9mm wide and 5.8mm thick. There is a hole in the centre of the disc through which fits a small copper alloy and undecorated rivet which has also survived. The reverse of the disc is plain copper alloy with a dark brown patina. A double pin lug survives but not the pin. The brooch probably dates from the Early Anglo-Saxon period.

SWYOR-3BD7F3: BROOCH
A copper alloy penannular brooch which is probably Iron Age or Roman in date. The brooch is circular in section and has rounded terminals with flat ends and a collar. It is slightly bent so is no longer round in plan. It is 33.2mm long, 24.1mm wide and 5.5mm thick. It is probably Fowler type A3 (“The Origins and Development of the Penannular Brooch in Europe” in The Prehistoric Society, 1960). The pin is missing. The brooch has a smooth mid green patina.

BERK-5139F4: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy T-shaped Roman brooch. Only the head and upper part of the brooch remain with the lower catchment part of the bow missing through damage. The ends of the spring cover, and the middle areas of the cover that flank the bow are decorated on their upper surface by pairs of grooves. The part of the bow where it rises from the head is wider than the lower section and the extended sides are decorated with incised lines giving a rope like appearance. The upper part of the bow where it rises from the head is in turn decorated with a central panel consisting of three columns of small squares running all along the arched section of the bow. The pin is broken where it exits from the middle of the spring cover. Brooches of this type are shown in Hattat; A Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches (2007) p302/304; and are dated from the 1st to 2nd century AD. The brooch is 34.15mm long and 33.38mm wide.

BERK-53B3E7: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy T-shaped Roman brooch. Only the head and upper part of the brooch remain with the lower catchment part of the bow and the pin missing through damage. The end of one spring cover is also missing. The end of the remaining spring cover is decorated by a pair of grooves. In plan the the bow of the brooch has a triangular shape, the part where it joins the head being widest. The underside of the bow here is slightly dished. The part of the bow where it arches upwards from the head is flared along its sides making it wider than the rest of the bow. The upper face of the bow features a raised central longitudinal rib that runs the length of the upward arching section. Brooches of this type are shown in Hattat; A Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches (2007) p302/304; and are dated from the 1st to 2nd century AD. The brooch is 42.52mm long and 24.04mm wide

BERK-57A9F2: BROOCH
A copper alloy La Tene type Iron Age brooch. Only one loop of the bilaterial spring remains from which the brooch rises abruptly to form the bow. This then turns in a curve at 90 degrees along the line of the brooch to form the upper bow which then turns down again before curving at 90 degrees to form a tapering foot from which the wedge-shaped catchplate rises with a turned over lip at its upper extremity to retain the pin. Viewed side-on, the bow of the brooch therefore forms a wide inverted 'U' shape. In the centre of the upper bow the brooch is formed into a 3mm thick flat circular disc. The centre of the disc has a circular concentric hole which from the reverse side exhibits some evidence of iron corrosion. The disc part of the bow is flanked on either side by a pair of grooves on its upper surface. The brooch is unusual in that it has style characteristics and robust features similar to La Tene 1c types, but there is no reversion of the foot. Late 3rd century BC. The brooch is 44.75mm long, 12.8mm wide and has alight green to brown patina.

BERK-5CEBD7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman disc brooch of probable second century AD date. The surface of the brooch was originally decorated with blue, yellow and red enamel which has survived in patches. The design of the brooch is sometimes referred to as ‘sunburst’ or ‘starburst’. A number of examples of this brooch type have been recorded with PAS and many more elsewhere. The design is essentially a star with a variable number of points on a circular background, inside each point of the star is a pellet containing enamel and in the very centre of the star a ring of copper-alloy containing a further solid copper-alloy pellet in its centre with enamel in the space between. In this case the star is ten-pointed, the circular background outside the star is blue, the main body of the star is red, the pellets are yellow and the central circle of enamel is also yellow. On the reverse of the brooch are the remains of the fastening, namely the two upright lugs that would have held the hinged pin (now lost) and the upright of the damaged catch-plate. Ref: ‘A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt’s Ancient Brooches’, Fig. 203, 515, 119 & 1035, p.344. Dimensions: Diameter 22.9mm, brooch thickness 1.5mm, width from hinge lug to hinge lug 6.6mm, height of hinge lugs 4.3mm, height of catch-plate 7mm.

LEIC-669B25: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy polden hill brooch, 50mm long, 18mm wide and 15mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 12.68 grams. The brooch is missing its spring, pin and most of its catchplate, but its base can be seen, 20mm long. Its wings are short but have wornaway edges. One side shows decoration of horizontal recesses flanking a small ridge. The bow is sub rectangular in section and is decorated with two vertical ridges which appear to run its length. It has pitting all over its surface.

CORN-673973: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy bow brooch with twisted wire extensions for wings and a circular rivet hole between the extensions, at the head of the brooch, possibly for a head stud. The pin is missing but part of the catchplate remains at the base of the bow. Camerton B Colchester derivative (Sally Worrell pers comm) 1st century AD (Dr. J.D. Hill pers comm) Olivier in Barrett et al. (2000), illustrates similar examples, with applied rivets, from Cadbury Castle, on page 140, Nos. 37-8, which date from c.AD 43-70 (Sally Worrell pers comm). Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar Colchester derivative type with a hole for a hook to hold the spring on page 296, Fig.155, No.14, which is dated to the 1st century AD.

LEIC-694B58: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy and silver bow brooch, 47mm long, 26mm wide and 19mm thick. The brooch is in a fiiar condition with a dark green patina and weighs 14.48 grams. Thebrooch is missing its spring, pin and most of its catchplate, but its base is 23mm long. The brooch has worn short wings but one has three vertical ridges running down it. The bow tapers and is sub-circular in section. It is decorated with a row of beading or circular depressions running the length of each side. This decoration appears to continue across the top of the bow, but this is damaged. The bow has a stepped foot and the brooch has been silvered, most has come off but in places, such as the foot, it is thick.

LEIC-69A261: BROOCH
Roman? copper alloy disc brooch fragment?, 27mm in diameter and 2mm thick. The fragment is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.39grams. The fragment has a curved edge and a central raised circle about 10mm in diameter. Its reverse has a circular sectioned shaft attached to it which has been bent to sit flush with the surface and a fragment of another circular sectioned shaft protruding near by, perhaps it originally formed a loop?

NCL-7E9EE5: BROOCH
Scandinavian copper alloy disc brooch. The brooch is decorated with an openwork Jellinge-style design of an interlacing animal (see NMS-7446E3 and ESS-4D7A85 for other examples of this style). On the reverse there are the remains of the pin lug and catchplate. The pin is missing. There is also part of the suspension loop which the wearer could have passed a chain through to wear the brooch as a pendant. Jane Kershaw has identified this as Scandinavian - a Jellinge-style disc brooch, Jansson Type I A1 (Jansson in Arwidsson1984; Kershaw 2009). There is a close parallel from Cambridgeshire, CAM-371E87.

WAW-7F6020: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 4.k. noo. 2052, Plate 48. The wings are semi-cylindrical with wing caps. Each cap has a central perforation which supports a copper alloy axis bar. Around the axis bar the spring is coiled, forming eight or possibly nine incomplete coils, and a fragment of a pin. The horizontal bar of the spring is also missing. The bow head is hump-like in profile and decorated with a moulded 'Y' shaped ridge, with radiating grooves between the two arms. Either side of the vertical stem there are at least two high-relief lentoids. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is sub-oval in section. It is decorated with a fine ridge which dissipates towards the foot. The bow terminates with a slightly bulbous foot. The brooch has a dark grey patina with pitting along the bow. It measures 46.18mm long, 19.21mm wide and weighs 8.99g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches is concentrated in the West Midlands.

HESH-92B214: BROOCH
Incomplete silver penny of Edward I, Mint London, Class 2b January - May 1280. The penny has been reused to form a brooch with a small silver loop being soldered to the obverse face. It has been applied in such a way that the cross on the reverse is vertical. It is possible that the front face has also been gilt (although this may be a result of the burial conditions). The lower part of thE coin has been lost - probably as a result of movement in the soil.

NARC-C34DE6: BROOCH
Early medieval brooch: A Late Anglo-Saxon/Viking Age copper alloy cloisonné disc brooch with six (possibly originally seven) lobes and enamelled decoration. The projecting lobes have sunken terminals, presumably originally inlaid with enamel or glass. This technique is known in several other brooches of this type, and is thought to imitate more costly gold jewllery, which was often inlaid with perals and gemstones. The body of the brooch consists of a flat baseplate and raised central collar, the latter describing the edge of the ornamented central area. Sitting on top of the collar is a thin ring of copper wire, presumably soldered in place in order to secure the enamel and glass inlay it encloses (see below). The brooch's central boss is approximately square in section, and may well have been broken off, as the enamelled area surrounding it shows some evidence of impact damage. This enamel is pale blue in colour, and has a rough 'rosette' shape, formed by seven semicircular fields ('cloisons') lying outside the enamelled area. These fields are inlaid with dark blue glass. Colours are given as they appear today, though they may have suffered pigment degradation. The brooch was probably originally gilded on all faces, but few traces of gilding remain extant on the obverse. The flat reverse face does display some areas of gilding, but the pin and catchplate are now lost, and are represented only by a pair of small lugs. Otherwise, the brooch is in very good condition, with most of the enamel and glass well preserved, and the copper alloy bodywork displaying a brown-green patina. It measures 5.1mm in total thickness, and 21.3mm in external diameter. The circular field of enamel and glass has a diameter of 17.0mm, and the entire brooch fragment weighs 4.1g. This brooch type seems to have been manufactured in Britain around the end of the Viking Age, but is not common, and was not formally recognised until the 1970s. Buckton (1986) describes 15 similar examples, with a particularly close example from London (Fig 2: 7). The Gayton example is thus an important addition to the corpus, particularly given Northamptonshire's relative paucity of metal objects easily dateable to the Viking Age and early post-conquest period.

SWYOR-E9B3E6: BROOCH
A copper alloy bow brooch which is probably a Simple Gaulish variant of the Colchester type. It probably dates from the Late Iron Age or Early Roman period. The brooch has a simple narrow bow which is a pointed oval shape in section. It is 72.4mm long, 13.3mm wide and 3.4mm thick. At the foot end the bow tapers to a point and forms a spiral loop. There is a slight flange on the reverse of the foot end of the bow which probably indicates where the catchplate would have been, but none of it survives. The head of the brooch flares into very small and narrow wings which are little more than a curved rest for the spring. A projection from the top of the head bends forwards to rest on the front of the bow, forming a catch for the spring. The spring and pin is missing. The metal is smooth and dark brown in colour. There are traces of gilt on the head and the reverse. Colchester Brooches can be divided into two variants; true Colchester brooches which are a British style, and Simple Gaulish Brooches which take their inspiration from the continent. It is normally impossible to tell where the brooches were actually made, but their stylistic difference can be recognised (May, 1996). Simple Gaulish brooches are normally found in Eastern and Southern England. They tend to date from 1 – 100AD. Other examples can be seen in ‘Dragonby Volume 1’, page 240, by May (1996).

KENT-F9B8D5: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Colchester One-Piece brooch. Incomplete catchplate.

KENT-F9D7C2: BROOCH
Small cast copper alloy bow brooch, with sub-triangular headplate and footplate. The brooch is similar to examples of small equal-armed brooches, although this example is not symmetrical, the headplate being slightly shorter than the footplate. It is thus also very similar to examples of miniature radiate-headed brooches, and perhaps sits somewhere between the two types. The reverse has remains of the iron pin and spring surviving, possibly with traces of mineralised textile preserved in the corrosion products. Compare IOW-FE1124, and an example from a 6th-century grave at Frilford, now in the BM (1867,0204.8).

GLO-FC0578: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch, length 31mm, width 22mm, thickness 18mm, weight 8.07g. Oval head with a concave rear and two rearward projecting loops on either side that would have held the strap bar, however these loops have been truncated. There would have been a decorative loop on the top of the head, but this has been truncated. The head narrows to a thin leg, which has been truncated at the top of the moulded knee all breaks are old. This example would date to the late 1st century to the 2nd century.

GLO-FCAFB1: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), cf. Mackreth 2011, 5.b1. Plate 50. No. 1735. Semicircular, concave cross-section wings that have backward facing lug at either end. Both lugs have been truncated down that centre, a hole where the spring support bar would have been mounted is still visible. There is a grooved line running down the centre of the forward edge of each wing. On the top of the head is the remains of a backwards facing lug which holds the external chord of the spring, a crest runs down the centre of the head from the lug down that length of the brooch. The lower part of the leg has been damaged resulting in the upper layers flaking away, this has resulted in the loss of the catch plate. Traces of silver are visible in some of the less exposed areas showing that the artefact was originally silvered. Length 21mm, width 16mm, thickness 9mm, weight 3.48g. This artefact is in a fair condition with much of the original patina remaining. These are dated to 80-120AD.

GLO-FCBB96: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 2. Transitional Type 2/3, flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 2.b2. Homeland is Lower Severn Valley and probably the Avon. Semi-circular, concave cross-section wings that have backward facing lug at either end. Both lugs have been truncated down that centre, a hole where the spring support bar would have been mounted is still visible. The end of the wings are expanded, and there is a ridge running down the centre. On the top of the head is the remains of a backwards facing hook that would have held the external chord of the spring. The main body of the brooch is plain.Stepped shoulders flank either side of the head. The leg is plain and terminates in a point, the catch plate on the reverse is missing. It has a length of 26mm, width 21mm, thickness 9mm, weight 5.83g. This artefact is in a poor condition with corrosion stripping away all of the top layers leaving a heavily pitted surface. These are dated to 43-120AD.

GLO-FCC184: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy rosette brooch length 32mm, width 12mm, thickness 12mm, weight 5.34g. Semicircular concave cross section wings which may have had two hooks or lug in the centre to hold the spring in place. The body of the bow runs down from the wings in a straight line, there is the remains of the catch plate on the reverse. The head of the bow has a crest on top and is arched in a circle to connect to the main body to form a circular loop. The artefact is heavily truncated as a result of corrosion, resulting in the loss of the rosette, the leg, catch plate and spring. This artefact dates to the 1st century AD.

WAW-007867: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch. The wings are tubular with a ‘D’ shaped section. The vertical face is the front of the wings. The upper edge of the vertical face is slightly abraded and therefore may not represent the original edge. On the reverse the wings have a transverse slot which reveals the copper alloy axis bar. The pin is hinged on the axis bar at the slot. Only a fragment of the cast copper alloy pin remains. One terminal of the wing is filled with a white possibly ceramic substance. The opposite terminal is not clear due to encrustation. Only a fragment of the bow remains and this protrudes from the lower edge of the vertical face of the wings. The bow is rectangular in section and in plan. Only between half and a third of the bow remains before it is broken. The break is not recent. The lower portion of the bow is decorated with vertical triangular ribbing. The surface of the brooch has a dark green patina. The brooch is in a good condition, but is incomplete. It measures 31.78mm long and 28.14mm across the wings. It weighs 12.5g. The brooch is a Hod Hill type, which probably dates to the mid to late 1st century (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 153). Hattat (Hattat, R 1982 Ancient and Romano-British Brooches Oxbow) illustrates a similar example, No. 1497. Butcher (Butcher, S. 2001 ‘The Brooches’ in Anderson, A.S, Wacher, J.S., and Fitzpatrick, A.P. The Romano-British Small town At Wanborough, Wiltshire Britannia Monograph No. 19 p. 49) comments that Hod Hill type brooches are common on the Continent, occurring in Britain on military sites and also in settlements and towns.

HAMP-22C4F4: BROOCH
A corroded and incomplete copper-alloy La Tène I Iron Age brooch (3rd-4th century BC). The brooch is sub-oval in plan and semicircular in cross-section, with a flat reverse surface. At the head one spring coil remains, to the left when viewing the brooch with head uppermost. The bow arcs round to a leg in the same plane as the head; the foot and catchplate have been lost along with the rest of the pin mechanism. The brooch is a mid-green colour with variable survival of surface patina. A comparable example can be found illustrated in Hattatt (2001, 288; ref. 725).

NMGW-22A933: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plate disc brooch of 2nd century AD date The brooch is near complete, missing only the pin and peripheral lugs. The brooch is flat and had eight peripheral lugs, with a surviving maximum width of 22.50mm and weighs 3.4g. The brooch would have employed an open spring mechanism, secured by pierced lugs on the reverse. The eroded catch plate gives the brooch a surviving depth of 4.96mm. All peripheral lugs are damaged, but are likely to have been dished near the ends. The circular disc has a diameter of 18.5mm and is decorated with circular and concentric enamelled cells. The outer ring is filled with green-black enamel and the inner ring is filled with red enamel. The central circular is likely to have originally held enamel, but is now lost. The circular enamelled rings are of a single colour, which is a little unusual for the brooch type. The surface of the brooch is moderately well preserved, with a brown patina.

HAMP-233715: BROOCH
A corroded and incomplete cast copper-alloy Colchester brooch dating to the late Iron Age to early Roman period, c. 25-65 AD. A one-piece example with a broken and now vestigial rearward facing hook at the top of the head (L.: 2.9mm). This hook would have held the external chord of the spring; this latter, along with the pin, broken just below the head, is now missing. Below the hook there are two flat wings which survive bent and abraded (W. across wings: 17.2mm). The bow is sub-oval in cross-section. It tapers from a maximum width of c. 6.5mm to less than 1.4mm at the catchplate end, where it now forms a sharp point. The catchplate itself is highly abraded: a slight line only remains. The artefact has corroded to a red-brown colour with a patch of green bronze disease affecting the upper bow.

HAMP-27F571: BROOCH
A corroded and incomplete cast copper-alloy Colchester brooch dating to the late Iron Age to early Roman period, c. 25-65 AD. An one-piece example, the head has suffered considerable damage with the wings, rearward hook and spring surviving only in very small parts. The brooch decreases from a thickness of 11.45mm at the head to 4mm at the bow. At the catchplate end the brooch tapers to a sharp point. The catchplate itself is highly abraded. The artefact has corroded to a red-brown colour.

SUR-3CA268: BROOCH
A medieval annular brooch. On the frame are seven 'cushions' and there is a constriction for the pin. Adjacent to the pin are the remains of gilding.

SUR-3CB390: BROOCH
A Roman plate brooch in the form of the sole of a shoe. The pits are intended to represented hobnails and there are possible traces of red enamel. The hinge and part of the pin also survive but the catchplate is broken.

KENT-647941: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy foot and openwork catchplate of a Roman Colchester derivative brooch.

LVPL-8FE3E7: BROOCH
Plain copper alloy annular brooch from the Medieval period. The pin is a strip of copper alloy hooked over the frame. It sits in a groove on the frame and has broken before the point. Two other grooves are present on the frame, opposite each other. One has been filled in. Perhaps they were for another pin and the brooch has been repaired with the present pin being the repair. Alternatively they could be for decoration as often this type of brooch was decorated with small grooves in the frame. Similar examples can be seen in Egans book (Egan and Pritchard; 1997; 248-9)

DENO-902FC0: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Small, cast, copper alloy T-shaped brooch of 1st century date. The brooch has very small, almost vestigial, wings of oval cross-section. The wings house the pin spring coil, all four loops of which still remain, although the pin itself is missing. The brooch has the remains of a loop extending from the top. The bow tapers smoothly to a flared, flattened foot. There is no extant decoration. Length 27.9mm, width (at wings) 9.7mm, thickness 2.6mm, weight 2.14g

DENO-904BC2: BROOCH
Roman brooch; fragment of cast copper alloy bow brooch – head and start of wings only. Very worn. The fragment has the beginnings of both wings, worn to rounded points and flattened. Nothing of the pin spring or the back of the wings remains. The head of the bow is present, also worn to a rounded point. No indication of decoration remains. The metal has a thick, grey-green patina over its surface. Length 16.0mm, width (wings) 20.1mm, thickness (at bow) 5.5mm, weight 5.30g

DENO-907885: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy dolphin brooch dating to the 1st century. One wing missing. The remaining wing is a broad and slightly flattened cylindrical shape. It is decorated with an incised hatched band which runs diagonally from the inner side of the end of the wing towards the middle of the outer side of the wing, near the start of the bow. The bow is a simple, deeply curved dolphin shape which tapers gracefully to a point. It has a similar decorative band to the wing which runs along the length of the centre of the bow. There is no evidence of a foot. The catchplate and pin are missing. Length 39.2mm, width 22.9mm, thickness (at head of bow) 6.6mm, weight 10.64g

DENO-90A824: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy umbonate brooch with enamelled decoration, dated to the 2nd century. The brooch has a humped, circular central section with the remains of an outer border beyond the central plate. This outer rim extends at one end to a small, sub-triangular section which holds the pin fitting. The pin is hinged and the whole pin, with fitting, is still present, although the catchplate is missing. The central disc is decorated with triangular segments of enamel forming two concentric circles pointing to the centre of the brooch. The outer ring is formed of dark blue triangles and the inner ring is formed of alternating dark blue and red triangles. Length (edge by pin fitting to other side of brooch) 24.3mm, diameter (central disc) 19.0mm, thickness 8.6mm, weight 3.95g Ref: Hattatt, page 350, figure 209, brooches 1060 and 128

LVPL-910AA1: BROOCH
Fragment of a Roman copper alloy bow brooch. This is the catchplate and end of the bow of the brooch. It is very corroded and has an uneven patina. The catchplate is not complete.

KENT-91C1D6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy bow brooch. The brooch comprises a bow without headplate, and a footplate. For most of its length (18.66mm) the bow has an ovoid cross-section, with flat sides and a ventral ridge. However, at the junction with the pin and spring, at its mid-point and at the junction with the foot the bow has thickened rectangular sections. With the exception of the section of bow at the junction with the foot, which is plain, these sections are decorated with three transverse v-shaped grooves which have probably been incised. There are what appear to be three faint file marks on the lower-right section of the bow just above the thickened section. The foot, which measures 18.68mm beyond the bow, tapers towards its end which terminates with a transverse sub-rectangular projection. The lower section of the foot projects forward slightly. A short (6.78mm long) but complete integral catchplate projects from the reverse of the foot at the junction with the bow. The front of the footplate is decorated with two zones of incised lines, the upper zone (from the junction with the bow) comprising 6 transverse v-shaped grooves. The lower zone (towards the terminal) comprises 6 incised chevrons. The corroded remains of an iron spring and pin mechanism survive on the back of the upper terminal of the bow. This brooch is probably of early to mid 5th century date.

ESS-A5F806: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman cast copper alloy knee brooch. This brooch has a relatively large head-plate to hide the (now missing) sprung pin. The bow is narrower towards the head, expanding towards the foot, where after a slight recess, the foot expands out into a globular form. The foot is decorated with a raised, moulded, design forming a cross shape, leaving four sub-triangular recesses on the foot. The bow has an angular profile and is sub-circular in cross section. The reverse of the bow is worn, and the catchplate is completely missing. The brooch is 23.31mm long, 8.26mm wide across the headplate, 3.03mm wide across the bow and 6.21mm across the foot. The arch of the bow gives it a depth of 11.81mm. It weighs 2.92 grams.

LIN-BB8568: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy brooch in the form of a duck. Only the back of the duck remains, which is oval and convex, hollow on the underside and missing its catchplate. There are two worn and incomplete lugs at the rear end representing the pin lug. Each wing on the back of the duck is decorated with nine crescentric cells filled with alternate enamel of blue and red/brown. Down the centre of the back between the wings is a long rectangular cell containing two rows of inward pointing triangular cells. The cells are very degraded but once contained red/brown enamel. The copper cells between the triangles are square.

LIN-BC2563: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Dolphin Brooch. The wings are incomplete and semi-circular in cross-section, once containing a spring. The bow is oval in cross-section and tapers to a break half-way down its length. The foot, catchplate and pin are also missing.

WAW-CCD2A7: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill type (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 4.d, pg.73, Plate 47. The wings are semi-cylindrical with a wing cap at each terminal. Each cap has a central perforation which originally would have supported an axis bar. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. There is a small downturned hook at the centre of the upper edge of the wings. The wings are undecorated. The bow head is hump-like in profile and is decorated with a vertical linear groove with fine oblique grooves either side. It tapers to form the bow which is undecorated. The bow tapers to a blunt point. The bow is bent forming an 'L' shape in plan. On the reverse of the bow, the catchplate starts just below the midpoint and is solid. The brooch has a matt light grey/green patina. It measures 30.55mm long to the angle in the bow, 17.8mm wide and weighs 9.1g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

WAW-CFEDF3: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46. The wings are semi-cylindrical with incomplete wing cap at each terminal. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. There is a small downturned hook at the centre of the upper edge of the wings. The wings are undecorated. The bow head is hump-like in profile and is possibly undecorated, the bow head and bow are both abraded. The bow head tapers to form the an oval sectioned bow which is also undecorated. The bow tapers to a broken point which may be recent damage. On the reverse of the bow, the catchplate starts a the approximate midpoint but it is fragmentary. The brooch has patches of a shiny light grey/green patina. There are also traces of a white metal coating around the wings and bow head. It measures 31.89mm long, 17.77mm wide and weighs 5.1g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

LEIC-E26607: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch, 41mm long, 13mm wide and 4mm thick at shoulder. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 6.87 grams. The brooch has an intact upper suspension loop which sits on top of a rectangular base above the top of the bow. The spring is partly present, 3 coils can be seen between semi-circular pierced fixings and the whole area is covered with iron staining suggesting the pin is of this material. The bow is semi-circular in section and is plain except for the acanthus scroll at its shoulder. The brooch has snapped near its base but a section of catchplate, c.8mm long is present.

LEIC-E277E3: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy and silver bow and fantail brooch fragment, 14.5mm long, 14mm wide and 6mm thick at catchplate. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 2.17grams. The brooch is triangular in form and is missing its upper part. It has a plain reverse which holds a central catchplate which runs the length of the fragment, this has a triangular catch which is folded over to hold the pin. The front has raised decoration which is picked out in silver. It consists of a wide raised border which holds a sub triangular motif. This consists of a thin semi-circular arch with solid triangular terminals. From the lower edge of each triangle springs a 'tendril' which coils towards the arch. Above the semi circular arch is a motif formed of a diagonally placed hollow rectangle.

DENO-E31EC0: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch, dated to the 1st to 2nd centuries. Brooch has a simple trumpet-shaped head with no wings. The bow curves deeply outwards and has a decorative collar at its middle. The collar consists of four prominent horizontal ridges moulded in relief. The foot has two similar ridges in relief and ends in a small terminal knop. The catchplate is complete. The pin is missing, although the pin bar and remains of the pin spring are still present. The brooch has a green patina over its surface. Length 54.2mm, width (head) 14.1mm, width (bow) 9.0mm, thickness (bow) 5.1mm, weight 9.20g Ref: Hattatt, pages 326-328, fig 185-187, especially brooch 439 on pg 328, fig 187

LEIC-E331B6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy hinged bow brooch, 27mm long 22mm wide and 11mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.43 grams. It has solid, circular sectioned wings with a central rectangular recess which would have held a hinged pin. The bow is semi-circular in section and is decorated with a ridge running two thirds of its length, this is decorated with horizontal incisions.

LEIC-E34312: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet variant brooch, 38mm long 12mm wide and 3mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 4.53 grams. The brooch is missing most of its upper loop, with just the base present. The bow is semi-circular in section and is plain except for the acanthus scroll decoration at its shoulder. most of the catchplate is intact which is about 20mm long, but the foot of the brooch is missing. The spring and pin are also mising but the semi-circular fittings that would have held the spring are still present.

LEIC-E357D0: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy base of a rosette brooch, 33mm long, 25mm wide and 2mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 8.60grams. The object consists of the base plate of the brooch and is trapezoidal in form. It has a rounded upper surface which contains a circular hole, 4mm in diameter, which would have held the rest of the brooch in place. It has two semi-circular protrusions at each side, just below the level of the hole. It has a slightly protruding ridge running along the front of the straight base. The catchplate, which is intact and sits in the centre of the reverse, just above the base, is 10mm high and 7mm wide.

LEIC-E3CF63: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 34mm long,18mm wide and 4mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.57 grams. The brooch has semi-circular wings but is missing its spring, pin and catchplate. The bow is circular in section and appears to have a ridge running down at least its upper section. There are no other forms of decoration visible.

LEIC-E3E733: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy umbonate disc brooch, 27mm long, 15mm wide and 11mm thick. The brooch is in poor condition, being squashed and incomplete, it has a green patina and weighs 2.82 grams. The brooch has a hinged pin, whose mechanism protrudes from the edge of the body. It has a semi-circular catchplate which sits on a triangular protrusion placed opposite the hinge. The brooch has a hole in its domed centre, but at least two lines of triangular depressions and traces of enamel can still be seen decorating its surface.

LEIC-229563: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Colchester brooch, 63mm long, 26mm wide and 18mm thick. The brooch is in poor condition with a green patina and weighs 13.87 grams. It is missing its pin but has an intact spring of 10? coils. Its bow is sub triangular in section with a ridge running its length, but no other decoration is visible due to its condition. The catchplate is intact and is 24mm in length and 10mm wide. It has two perforations of differing sizes which match fig.156, 1459 in Hattatt's ancient brooches.

ESS-368471: BROOCH
Half rounded side knob from a headplate of an an Early Medieval crucifrom brooch. The knob was integrally cast with the headplate. The knob is sub-rectangular in plan with a rounded terminal. The terminal is domed with a slightly concave reverse. There is a double moulded collar on the knob where it would have joined to the headplate. There is a very small section of the headplate remaining. The break is old and worn. It is 16.99mm long, 7.71mm wide, 3.84mm thick and weighs 1.19 grams.

ESS-38DAA0: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Roman bow brooch. The brooch has a rolled head with a central slot for the (now missing) pin, and part of a flat, rectangular bow. The bow has a central groove along its length. The brooch is 26mm long. This is probably a Hod Hill brooch, dating 40 to 70 AD.

ESS-38FE26: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman oval plate brooch. Cast in copper alloy this brooch has a central bezel with traces of enamel on surface. The hinge and catchplate are located behind two circular, peripheral lugs. In profile the brooch is in the form of a stepped triangle. It is 31mm long.

ESS-390544: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Roman Hod Hill brooch, dating 40 to 70 AD. The head is rolled, with a central slot for the (now missing) pin. The bow is sub-rectangular in plan, and in profile it bends slightly towards the head. The bow has moulded decoration in the form of horizontal ridges, and there are side-knobs mid way down the length of the bow. The width of the bow decreases towards the foot, which is slightly bent forward. The catchplate is missing from the reverse of the foot. The brooch is 29mm long.

ESS-390EB0: BROOCH
Incomplete Colchester brooch, dating from 25 - 65 AD. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete. The wings are broken, with a forward facing chord hook folded over the centre of the head. Only one turn of the spring from the (now missing) pin survives. The bow is rectangular in plan, and slightly curved in profile. The catchplate is missing. The brooch is plain and undecorated. It is 38mm long.

ESS-3914A8: BROOCH
Roman Hod Hill brooch dating 60 - 70 AD. Cast in copper alloy the brooch is now damaged, bent and incomplete. There is a rolled over headplate to accomodate the (now missing) pin. The wide bow is sub-rectanular in plan, and tapers towards the foot. The bow would have originally been flat, but has been bent. The catchplate is damaged and incomplete. In its bent condition, the brooch measures 25mm in length.

ESS-3919C2: BROOCH
Colchester brooch, dating 20 - 70 AD. The brooch is almost complete, with the pin incomplete, and the catchplate damaged. The wings are sub-rectangular in plan, and are slightly curved in profile. The upper surface of the wings are decorated with vertical rows of diagonal lines. There is a cord hook at the centre of the wings, holding the external cord of the sprung pin. The bow is plain and undecorated, and it tapers in thickness towards the foot. The triangular catchplate has a double perforation. The brooch is 38mm long.

ESS-3938D1: BROOCH
Incomplete colchester brooch dating 20 to 70 AD. The brooch has small, flat wings which are rectangular in plan and have a central cord hook for the now missing sprung pin. The bow is decorated with small moulded triangles along its length. The bow is curved in profile. The triangular catchplate is incomplete and has two circular perforations. It is 57mm long.

ESS-394EF2: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman Colchester two-piece brooch, dating 50 to 80 AD. The foot and catchplate are missing. The damaged wings are rectangular in plan, and slightly curved in profile. There is a central vertical lug to the rear of the wings, which has two perforations to hold the axis bar and chord of the now missing sprung pin. The brooch is 28mm long.

HAMP-3929B2: BROOCH
The foot from an early-medieval small-long brooch (5th/6th century AD). The foot is expanded, with five sides. It is asymmetrical, with the left side when the foot is lowermost longer and wider. Above the foot the leg is as narrow as 6mm before flaring to 24.25mm at the foot. At the other end the bow curves upwards before a break. On the lower side of the leg is a slightly abraded, perpendicular catchplate (14.9 x 5.25 x 2mm). Viewing the brooch in profile one can see that the foot is bent upwards compared to the leg, most so on its left side. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated. There are some crudely scored transverse lines at the terminal of the foot. On the upper edges of the foot there are triangular nicks. At the junction of foot and leg is a double transverse ridge, with a further pair of double ridges just before the bow curves. The artefact is now corroded with a variable green colour.

HAMP-39A5D2: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman crossbow brooch of c. 4th-century date. The brooch is missing its pin and catchplate element; the foremost, central knob was missing when found only to be discovered at a later date and affixed to the brooch by the finder. This central knob is spherical, but worn and corroded, as are the others. The side knobs are globular, and wider than they are long (c. 11.85 x 10.7 x 10.5mm). They both seem to have abraded central points suggesting that they would have tended towards being onion shaped. On all three knobs there is a constriction and collar at the base. The crossarm has a hexagonal cross-section. The axis bar is missing in the pin slot along with the pin. Solid triangular elements on the upper surface of the crossarm join it to the bow at the head. The longer edges of these elements are decorated with curves and a notched removal at the bow end. The bow arcs round in a semicircle. It is solid and trapezoidal in cross-section - L.: 33.2mm, W.: 10.2mm, Th.: 6.85mm. There is a flange at the bow base on its outer edges. Below this is a cuffed constriction at the junction of bow with foot. The foot is flat, and longer than the bow at 40.9mm. It tapers from 8.7mm to 6.3mm at its terminal. On its lower surface there are ridges on the sides, particularly the short end, to take the catchplate element. The upper surface appears to bears a pair of longitudinal incisions with diagonal lines between, although these are difficult to discern due to wear. The artefact can be classified as a Type 3/4 crossbow brooch, Type 3/4 C (Type 4B equivalent) in theory, given the hexagonal sectioned crossarm (Swift 2000, 14). This would suggest a date around the third quarter of the 4th century AD. More precise classification is made more difficult by the wear and corrosion the brooch has suffered. The whole suffers from bronze disease and is largely mid-dark green in colour. The foot is more of an orange-brown colour, perhaps due to recent (over)cleaning. The brooch is also bent to the right (head uppermost). The bow is not perpendicular to the crossarm; the foot is bent even further.

BERK-406374: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman plate brooch. The brooch is lonzengiform with four sub-circular cupped lugs, one projecting from each corner. In the centre of the lozenge is a raised circular boss surmounted with a shallow cupped bowl - smaller than the ones forming the lugs. The shallow cup in each lug and the one in the central roundel are all stained with orange corrosive product; it is likley that they contained enamel. On the reverse are the remains of the pin hinge and sub-triangular catchplate - the pin is missing. The brooch has a rich mid brown patina and is in good overall condition. No clear parallel has been identified for this brooch although it has some similarities to items 1267A and 1656 shown in Fig.215, p.356 of Hattatt's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches. This find is therefore dated stylistically to the 2nd century.

BERK-414361: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast copper-alloy Colchester derivative Roman brooch. All that remains is the triangular catchplate and a short length of the bow. The bow has a central groove running lengthways and at the foot of the brooch are two incised grooves running side-to-side. There is a pronounced lip along the section where the bow and catchplate meet. The catchplate has a semi-circular groove for holding the pin. This item can be dated from the first to second century AD.

BERK-416112: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast copper-alloy Roman brooch. The item comprises of a flat semi-circular plate of c.1mm thickness decorated on its upper surface with dots of white metal and a sub-triangular hollow component decorated with a T-bar of white metal with dots to either side with a semi-circular band of annulets running across the end opposite the T-bar - very slight traces of silvering remain. The reverse of this portion contains on oval shaped opening and to either side of this on slight uprights are traces of ferrous staining. This opening will have held the spring attachment for the pin. This is a very worn example of an Alcester brooch which is classed as a Trumpet variant, but which perhaps has as much in common with a Knee brooch. Alcester brooches have hollow heads, sprung pins, a central flange and a trianguular foot. They often have raised dots, sometimes enamelled or with applied white metal strips and the flanges can be very thin, as on this example. This item dates to the first half of the 2nd century. They're quite widely distributed in the south and also at military sites, but are never particularly common and there are also egs from Germany and Pannonia. A close parallel for this example has been found at Hacheston, Suffolk.

DENO-601E75: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy lion brooch derivative, riveted to a swivelling plate attachment. Dated to the 1st century. The artefact has cylindrical wings housing the pin spring and with a gap for the pin to protrude, although the pin itself is missing. The bow is fairly flat and has a decorative moulded collar at the head which consists of a relief boss then a transverse ridge. The brooch then flares out to a rounded terminal, which has a ridge across it followed by a concave curve down to the edge of the metal (derived from earlier lion-shaped mouldings). This terminal has a single squared rivet on the back which attaches through fragments of two very thin sheets of copper alloy. The first follows the shape of the inner face of the brooch and has a rounded slit pierced through it. The second sheet seems undecorated and is loose enough to swivel on the rivet. This brooch does not have the usual triangular plate at the foot but has the separate, attached plate instead. This indicates that the brooch may have been broken and repaired, quite crudely, in antiquity. Length (brooch) 29.4mm, width (wings) 21.5mm, thickness (bow) 3.4mm, thickness (sheet metal) 0.4mm, weight 8.03g Ref: Hattatt, fig 166, especially broooch number 280

WILT-742C35: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Roman T-shape brooch of the enamelled type, missing loop, lower bow and catchplate, the stem of the pin and the enamel decoration. It weighs 5.29g and is 28.9mm in incomplete length. The wings are tubular with a hinged pin and span 26.2mm. Only the head of the pin survives in situ. A double groove flanks each open end of the wings, to the front only. The bow is flat and 11mm wide where it extends from the wings. Slightly off-centre at the top of the bow is a broken projection from which the loop would have extended. The upper bow has a groove flanking both long edges. Between are three (again off-centre) lozenge-shaped cells which would once have held enamel. To the reverse the bow is slightly hollowed. The bow tapers to 7mm wide below the last lozenge. Beyond this the bow is D-shaped in section, being curved to the front. It extends a further 6mm before the (old) break, at which it is 4.2mm wide. 1st-2nd century in date. Cf Hattatt no.908.

WILT-748CF1: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy Colchester one-piece type brooch, missing its pin and most of the catchplate. The brooch measures 70mm in length and weighs 15.12g. The wingspan is 14.5mm although the span of the spring is 22.7mm. The spring consists of 7 coils, the eight presumably being the pin (and now missing). The wings are flat in section and c.1.5mm thick. The chord is held in place above the spring with a forward facing hook. The bow extends from the top of the wings and is oval in section, measuring 6.8x4.5mm. It curves outwards before dropping, tapering all the while to a sharp point at the foot. The catchplate extends to the rear for a length of c.26mm, from the foot upwards. It was probably openwork as the remains are very jagged, suggesting square and rectangular shapes. The metal is very worn with only two tiny spots (one the bow) of patina remaining. 1st century AD.

WILT-74C8E3: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy plate brooch of the bridge type, missing its spring, pin, lower projection and catchplate and some enamel decoration. It measures an incomplete 26mm in length and weighs 4.29g. It would have originally measured c.33mm in length. The surviving upper projection has a single pierced lug to the reverse for a spring attachment. Hattatt comments that this particular type of brooch is particular to Britain, and that the only six known examples are all from the south (Ancient Brooches and Other Artefacts, 1989, p.148). One other has been recorded from Wiltshire (Urchfont), WILT-D12FF2. It is assumed there are more examples known. The upper projection is phallic in appearance, and perhaps based on the acorn knop terminal type. It is D-shaped in section, being rounded to the front, and narrowing towards the end with a projecting horizontal rib just before. The bow of the bridge is curved and 8.2mm wide where the upper projection extends. It widens to 12.2mm at the centre before narrowing again to 9mm wide at the (old) break. The bow is flat in section and 2.5mm thick. Although the metal is worn and pitted, it is possible to see the edges are serrated. At the centre of the bow is a rectangular area 9x11mm filled with eight square cells, four either side of a central horizontal groove. There appear to be some enamel remains within a few of the cells, now pale and dirty in colour. Above and below the rectangular area between the break and the upper projection are three horizontal grooves. 2nd century in date. Cf. Hattatt no.1601.

WILT-769912: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy gilt disc brooch of the gilded Glass centre-boss type, missing its central setting and with its catchplate and hinge mechanism filed down on the reverse. It has had two perforations made through the centre(rivet holes?), c.2-3mm in diameter. Part of the edge is also missing (old damage) around the filed hinge mechanism, and the metal has split to the front (possibly as a result of filing?). The brooch measures 28.7x30x2mm and weighs 5.31g. The gilding survives in two 1.7mm wide C-shaped grooves either side of the central (missing) setting. The groove is filled with rocker-arm decoration. Originally the entire surface of the brooch (excluding the centre-boss) would have been enamelled. It is interesting that the groove does not continue from two C shaped into a circle, as is most usual with this type of brooch. The two 'gaps' are where the catchplate and lug would have been on the reverse. The central area is also curious in that it is not circular but a rounded rectangle, measuring 15.7x12mm. The copper alloy is very worn and patina only survives in the groove. 2nd to 3rd century.

NARC-B45A47: BROOCH
A fragment from the bow of a copper alloy Colchester brooch. The pin and chord are lost, and the bow is simple and undecorated, with a simple curved profile typical of many examples from England. The bow has the brown patina characteristic of many brooches of this date. It measures 31.9mm long, 8.1mm wide, and the bow is 3.5mm thick. The brooch weighs 3.9g. These one-piece brooches date to the middle and second half of the 1st century AD.

WAW-B55137: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval cast copper alloy brooch. A fragment of the head plate remains. The fragment has a flat undecorated portion of the headplate with an integral side or top knop protruding from the edge. The knop is semi-circular in section and is moulded with a wide collar at the junction of the headplate and knop. The terminal of the knop is waisted and is then semi-circular in plan. The broken edges of the brooch are not recent. The surface of the brooch has a heavy green/brown patina with some pitting. In length it measures 29.74mm and 24.29mm wide. It weighs 5.1g. This brooch is a Long brooch; Cruciform type from the Early Medieval period. These type of brooches date to the 5th to 6th centuries.

WILT-CBE3B1: BROOCH
Roman Trumpet brooch, c.1st-2nd century AD, of copper alloy with a corroded spring. Broken above the central bow button and missing the pin. The brooch weighs 5.7g and measures 30mmx15mm. The head is oval with a flat plate behind the trumpet head which extends up to form a chain loop directly above a laterally grooved rectangular section. Midway on the upper bow is a pair of chevron lentiod mouldings. This brooch is similar to Hattatt (1989) 954. The upper bow is roughly circular in cross section.

WILT-CCA397: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 5, Group 2.b1, enamelled panel on upper bow, lenticular elements cast below,flat wing ends type). The wingspan is 27.2mm and the circular closed ends extend beyond the wings thickness, appearing to the front as raised ribs. Otherwise the wings are plain. Both circular ends have an area of iron corrosion, suggesting the axis bar was iron. To the reverse, an ?eight coiled spring sits in the hollowed wings (c-shaped in section). A forward-facing hook holds the cord in place at the top of the bow. The bow extends upwards and outwards from the top and back of the wings. Either side is flanked by a moulding on the wings. At this point the bow is 10.7mm wide and roughly trapezoidal in section. In front of the hook are two leaf shaped mouldings in a V shape. As the bow starts to drop, the upper bow is occupied by two vertical rectangular recesses c.20mm in length either side of a central rib. These would have once held enamel. Below this is a D-shaped and backwards D-shaped moulding, from which extend a rib which narrows and then join to form one central rib which extends to the foot. The sides of the bow also have moulded decoration in the form of three leaves and connecting vine, one set on either side, the central most leaf lying roughly horizontally in line with the moulded D-shapes (which may perhaps represent eyes?). An incised line flanks the back edge of each side. The catchplate extends from the top of the bow below the spring mechanism as a 2.5mm rib which extends into the triangular catchplate just below the moulded vine decoration on the sides. One side of the catchplate (the side which would have held the pin) has a large amount of iron corrosion. The foot of the brooch is a flattened circular knop 5.7mm in diameter. The brooch measures 64.8mm in length and weighs 29.20g. Missing its enamel decoration, pin and a small corner of catchplate. The brooch stands apart from other Polden Hill types because of its moulded decoration, although there is an example with moulded possibly zoomorphic decoration from Richborough, Kent (Bayley & Butcher, 2004, p.91-2, no.213). The other interseting thing about this brooch is that the two panels of enamel decoration along with some of the moulded decoration, are very similar to T-shape brooches of the south west style (Hull's type 111). 1st/ 2nd century in date.

WILT-CD6A27: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman trumpet brooch of copper alloy with hinge mechanism, missing the pin and most of the catchplate. This is also broken halfway down the lower bow. The brooch weighs 12.4g. The length of the brooch from the top of the loop to the break in the lower bow measures 41mm and the rest of the lower bow measures 25mm. The solid cast loop extends directly above two lateral bands. The wings are tubular and the wingspan measures 21mm although the left hand side has an old break to it. The bow extends from the head and would have been D-shaped in cross section. There is a vertical ridge running down the centre of the bow. The central bow button has an acanthus leaf decoration above and below a central ridge. This measure 19mm in width and 7mm in height. Below the acanthus decoration the bow is bent to the right hand side and broken. The circular foot of the brooch has two horizontally incised lines. On the reverse of the brooch the catchplate extends 18mm. Cf. Hattatt (1989) 82, dated 1st-2nd century AD.

WILT-CD9982: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy disc brooch using wheel motif with a trace of white enamel on one of the four concave side spokes. The brooch is circular in shape weighing 3.6g and measuring 21mm in diameter and 12mm in thickness. On the reverse there is a pierced lug suggesting a spring mechanism and a catchplate beneath which is slightly bent. There is a central dot measuring 14mm in diameter. Cf. Hattatt (1989) no.1137 suggesting 2nd century AD.

WAW-F6B8E4: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Trumpet brooch. The bow head and wings are incorporated together and in plan the bow head is a sub-circle in plan. The bow head is decorated with crescentic cells, but the overall design is not clear. The bow protrudes from the centre of the bow head. It is oval in section. The bow terminal is a simplistic acanthus which is formed by a plain disc. The bow is undecorated on the outer face, but has a high-relief 'X' on the reverse. The break of the bow is not recent as the patina covers it. The reverse of the bow head has a sub-oval lug with a central circular perforation. The spring/hinge and pin are missing. The brooch has a light green coloured patina which is slightly abraded. It weighs 4.1g, and measures 12.8mm wide and 23.22mm long. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch, a Trumpet-headed type. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164).

SWYOR-F93DD4: BROOCH
A copper alloy plate brooch of Roman date. The brooch is oval and is unusually small at just 14.6mm long and 10.1mm wide. It has a sprung pin of which only part of the lugs, the axis bar and part of the spring survives. The pin mechanism makes the brooch 5.2mm thick. The catchplate is broken and missing. The front of the brooch is decorated with enamel in cells. The design is off a central circle with a circular band round it and eight circles arranged round that. The enamel that survives appears to be red on a blue ground. The back of the brooch has a deep green glossy patina. Plate brooches are found in Britain and on the Continent and tend to date from the second century AD (Snape 1993).

WILT-0A4277: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy Headstud brooch consisting of the wings, upper bow and spring mechanism only. The incomplete brooch is 19.8mm long and weighs 7.80g. The wings, which are rectangular in section and angular, are 23mm wide. Part of the cord and foward facing hook survive on the top of the wings. To the reverse, an eleven-coiled spring survives, the pin is missing. The wings are decorated to the front with two pairs of vertical lines on either side of the bow. The bow extends from the wings to the front, but also from the top of the wings. The bow is rectanglar in section and measures 12x5mm where it extends, and 7x3.5mm at the break. The bow is decorated at the sides with a curving line of punched dots. At the top of the bow is a 4.6mm diameter hole for the headstud, which narrows to 1.4mm diameter for a fixing rivet. Below are three and a bit cells (due to the break - undoubtedly there were more) filled with the remains of alternating red and ?blue/ green enamel. A raised rib flanks either side of the bow and continues, flanking the top of the wings where the bow joins to the open ends, also. Headstud brooches date to the 2nd century.

WILT-0B0373: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy T-shape brooch possibly of the Sawfish type, missing its lower bow and catchplate, spring, cord and pin. Its incomplete length is 22.8mm and it weighs 5.30g. The wingspan is 23.4mm. They are C-shaped in section with a double pierced lug at the centre. The axis bar remains in situ in the lower piercing. To the front the wings are decorated with a wide rounded rib flanking the open end, flanked on the inside edge with a pair of thinner ribs. The bow extends from the top of the wings. The top of the double-pierced lug extends into the bow to create a raised rib that runs down the centre of the bow, petering out just before the break. The rib is decorated with tiny incised diagonal lines. To either side of the bow are three projecting mouldings, half-moons in shape, and similar to the sawfish type - although these are much shorter and spikier. There is some iron staining around the top of the bow. 1st-2nd century in date.

CORN-51A8A7: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Roman Aesica-variant brooch with a central disc on the bow and the remains of a fantail beneath it. On the back of this broken and truncated fantail is the top edge of the catchplate. The disc on the middle section of the bow has a central, circular setting with a stud still extant on the back of it. There are also fan-shaped recessed sections emanating out from the central setting, which may have originally held enamel in separate fields. The remains of the crossbar show that is was a hollow tube for the axis, on which the pin is hinged. The axis and the pin are missing, and it is not clear if there were any elements mounted above the crossbar at the head of the brooch. Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar example with stud in the central roundel on page 330, Fig.189, No.986, which is dated from the 1st to the 2nd century AD.

CORN-51C1F7: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 5, Group 1.b2, The Trumpet Knop, flat wing ends), missing its spring, pin, catchplate and footknob. The head has a beaded crest with plain flanges either side of the head, and moulded oblique lines on the front of each side of the crossbar. Below the crest, the bow tapers towards the foot with moulded cross-grooves and a pair of cross-ribs surrounding a central moulding. The bow is then undecorated beneath this element and the upper edge of the catchplate is just visible, although damaged, on the back of the broken foot. The spring would have been carried in the semi-cylindrical crossbar that remains, but it is not clear if it was then held by a hook or continuation of the crest on the head, or whether the crossbar had closed ends originally to secure the axial rod, while the chord was held by a hook or crest. Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar example on page 301, Fig.160, No.1515, which is dated to the 1st century AD. Bayley & Butcher (2004) illustrate a similar example from Richborough on page 90, Fig.71, No.209.

CORN-51CED4: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Roman hinged T-shaped brooch with the remains of some red and yellow enamelled decoration. The enamel is set into a panel of alternating triangular and lozenge shapes running the length of the bow on the upper face. This type and pattern of decoration is similar to Hull's 'Sawfish' brooches, but the sides of the bow do not now have these projections and it is narrower than this type, but consistent with other examples of T-shaped brooches. Half way down the back of the bow are the remains of the attachment edge of the catchplate, and the footknob is plain and upturned at about a 45 degree angle. The cross bar is decorated with an oval setting either side of the head, on the upper face, which may have held gemstones. The head also retains an imprint of what might have been a crest mounted on it, and some other attachment or moulding along the length of the crossbar. The crossbar was rolled around the axis bar which is now missing, along with the pin which was attached to the axis by a hinge. The back of the crossbar is missing so that there is now a cross-section of the tube exposed. Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar T-shaped brooch on page 304, Fig.163, No.411, which is dated from the 1st to the 2nd century AD. Bayley & Butcher (2004) illustrate a similar 'sawfish' variety on page 95, Fig.75, No.226.

NMGW-5D9085: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy gilt plate brooch of glass centre-boss type and dating to the 2nd or 3rd century AD The brooch is near-complete, missing the pin and central setting. The circular brooch has a diameter of 33.7mm and weighs 17.3g. The pin and spring were likely to have been iron and were secured around a singly pierced lug on the rear of the brooch. There is a weak rib between the lug and the narrow catch (8.1mm wide). The front of the brooch is decorated with concentric circles defined by moulded ribs. The outer ring is decorated with a repeating punched S-shaped motif. The inner ring is decorated with punched conjoining circles, placed against the dividing rib, so that many of the circles are incomplete. The central setting has a diameter of 17.0mm and was seated within a deeper rib. The setting was likely to have been a coloured glass boss. At the centre of the empty setting is an unusual circular and slightly raised annulet, of uncertain purpose. The surface of the brooch is well preserved with gilding surviving in both outer rings. Tinning survives on the rear of the brooch. Elsewhere, the copper alloy has a pale to mid-green patina.

WILT-880DD5: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy disc brooch with traces of red enamel, flat with plain edges, of 2nd century AD. The face of the brooch is divided into three cells by a raised border. The brooch would have been circular but the outer cell is incomplete. The brooch would have also have had a spring mechanism but this is missing and only the basis of the lugs are apparent. The red enamel is only present on the outer cell. All three cells are likely to have held different colour enamels. The brooch weighs 3.2g and is 28mm in diameter. Cf. Hattatt (1989) 1027.

WILT-882680: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman dolphin brooch of 1st Century AD, missing its pin and catchplate. The brooch has a smooth and shiny patina. The wings are C-shaped in cross section and have two incised vertical lines on each end. The wingspan measures 29mm with a double pierced lug on the reverse which reaches above the wings to the top of the bow. The bow is D-shaped in cross section and extends to the foot where the catchplate would have extended sideways. It measures 42mm in length and weighs 7.3g.

WILT-8A0038: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman T-shaped copper alloy brooch of 1st-2nd Century AD with spring mechanism and catchplate but without the pin. This object appears to be gilded but it is the copper alloy showing through from underneath due to cleaning. It weighs 7.3g and measures 44mm in length and 18mm across the wingspan. There is a central ridge which extends from the top of the bow to the foot but otherwise there is no decoration anywhere else. Part of the right hand side wing has been damaged and the spring mechanism on this side has been bent away from the wing. The spring mechanism is the Colchester B type, containing 3 coils on each side, and the wings are C-shape in cross section which mould around the spring similar to Hattatt (1989) 392. The brooch has a double pierced lug which extends above the wings to the top of the brooch. The brooch is slightly D-shaped in cross section.

HAMP-9B6151: BROOCH
An incomplete, gilded cast copper-alloy imitation of a Kentish 'keystone garnet' disc brooch of c. 6th-century date. The brooch has lost its pin and has suffered some removals from its edge. It is the size of an Avent (1975) Class 2 brooch, while bearing the more simple ornament of the smaller Class 1. The central raised setting is a simple circle (Dia.: 8.1mm) (Avent (1975, 81; Fig. 8) Type 1.1), now empty. At the cardinal points are four triangular keystone settings with their points inwards (Avent (1975, 80; Fig. 5, Type 5.1). All four contain fragments of what is probably red glass (or possibly poor quality garnet). Behind, within the settings, is possible criss-cross gold foil, used to help reflect light, although it is difficult to discern. The 'chip-carved' ornament between the keystone settings is formed of a single triangle with rounded central apex with a ring-and-dot within, representing a very simplified Style I animal head. This decoration is similar to that of Class 1 brooches, which have Style I heads only, but the form of the head is closer to those of Avent Class 2 (e.g. Avent 1975, fig. 11, p.84; ref. 7.5), but without the accompanying, adjacent ornament. The whole is found within a raised border, outside of which is inverted Avent Type 15, 'S-shaped' rim decoration (1975, 79; Fig. 4). The plain, flat reverse face features a double perforated pin lug at one end with an abraded catchplate opposite. Iron corrosion concretions survive within the pin lug. These fasteners are not aligned to the keystones (see Image, right). The brooch has corroded to different hues: the reverse is grey, the upper surface green, with reds towards the circumference. Gilding survives within the recesses on the upper surfaces. The decoration on this brooch seems very much to be a mixture of that on the Kentish brooches of Avent's Classes 1 and 2. Further such brooches imitative of Kentish precious metal brooches have been recorded on this database to the west, in Wiltshire - WILT-F561A1, WILT-30B2F5 - with another on the Hampshire/Wiltshire border - WILT-6F2B84.

KENT-F04193: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman bow brooch. The fragment comprises the foot, with small projecting knop at terminal and an integral catch-plate on the reverse.

HAMP-F21EC6: BROOCH
An almost complete cast copper-alloy Roman T-shape brooch dating to around the second half of the 1st century AD, into the 2nd century. The brooch survives in good condition, and has corroded to a dark green colour with some minor losses and abrasions. The head has tubular wings, undecorated but for a pair of transverse incisions towards the end of each wing on the upper surface. The copper-alloy axis bar is obscured by the wings other than at a loss to one of the wing tips on the lower surface. The upper third of the pin is retained around the axis bar. It has a pointed oval head and develops a circular cross-section as it travels away from the head. What remains of the pin has been bent slightly. Protruding from the front of the head, and perpendicular to it, is a semicircular chain loop with constriction below (L.: 7.8mm, W.: 6.45mm, Th.: 2.1mm). Naturally the loop features a circular perforation; it has broken through at this weak point. The wings are below the upper bow, almost perpendicular to it. The righthand wing, when looking at the object with the head uppermost, is bent slightly towards the foot. The upper bow is wide (10.3mm) and is flat on the reverse face. The main field of the upper bow is rectangular and moulded, with stepped edges. It is features a pair of longitudinal rectangular recesses, once enamelled; a very small trace of red enamel survives within the lefthand cell. Below this, at the top of the leg, is a pair of addorsed diagonal mouldings with incised central grooves. This decoration is very similar to that on a T-shape brooch illustrated in Hattatt (2001, 303; ref. 911). The leg is triangular, tapering gradually to a small, raised footknob (W.: 2.2mm). It is decorated with a heavy longitudinal groove which begins between the diagonal mouldings and stops just short of the foot. On the reverse, the triangular catchplate survives well, with some slight abrasion, and travels 24.3mm up the leg in total.

HAMP-F38377: BROOCH
A fragment from a cast copper-alloy Roman crossbow brooch of c. early 4th-century date. The fragment consists of the narrow bow and foremost, central knob; the crossarm has become detached. This central knob is globular, but pointed, and gently faceted (L.: 10.85mm, max. W.: 9.35mm). There is a constriction at its base. It is worn and corroded, as is the bow, and has turned a mid-green colour. This wear obscures any possible decoration. The bow is recessed to take the crossarm. It is very narrow (at 3.8mm) and only slightly faceted (th.: 7.05mm). The artefact can be tentatively classified as a Type 1 crossbow brooch, due to the thinness of its bow (cf. Swift 2000, 16; fig. 1). This would suggest a date beginning in the late 3rd century AD.

HAMP-F4A2A1: BROOCH
The remains of a copper-alloy medieval annular brooch, with just under half of the original artefact surviving. One of the broken ends features a constriction presumably for the pin. The brooch would have been circular, with six projecting circular collets; three are present on this fragment, evenly spaced. One collet still contains a green gemstone (or glass), with another gem removed recently; there is a lack of corrosion product over the white fixative. Any decorative detail has been lost due to corrosion.

WILT-F52C74: BROOCH
A fragment of a Roman bow brooch consisting of the lower bow and catchplate, probably of Dolphin type from 1st century AD. The bow is oval in cross section with a triangular catchplate. The external face of the bow is undecorated. The catchplate has single circular hole in the centre. It measures 31mm in length and 13mm in width. It weighs 4g.

WILT-F57031: BROOCH
Fragment of a Roman bow brooch, probably of the dolphin type c.1st century AD. The fragment consists of the lower bow and the catchplate. The lower bow tapers to a point at the bottom and is undecorated on the external facing. The fragment has a shiny green patina. The catchplate is triangular. It measures 53mm in length and 22mm in width. It weighs 3.1g.

WILT-F58C06: BROOCH
Fragment of a Roman copper alloy brooch, possibly a trumpet brooch dating to 1st-2nd century AD, consisting of the lower bow which has been broken away from the upper bow above the button, foot and catchplate. The brooch is plain and undecorated apart from two ridges in the centre of the button however these are very worn. The catchplate is triangular and the lower bow gradually narrows towards the foot. It is 21mm in length and 8mm wide. The foot extends 3mm in front of the bow. It weighs 2.9g.

WILT-F5C2A2: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch of 1st-2nd century AD. The brooch is missing its button, lower bow, foot and catchplate. However it does have the part of the pin, although slightly bent, and the tubular hinge mechanism which is the full width of the head. The head is semi circular and is slightly concave with the beginning of the chain loop apparent. There is a central ridge running from the base of the head to the first lateral ridge which would have been above the central button. It is 27mm in length and 19mm in width. It weighs 4.9g. cf. Hattatt (1989) 961 and 1436.

SUR-058BE4: BROOCH
A worn annular brooch or buckle. The frame is uneven; it is not clear if this is due to use or happened in the casting. The pin, the tip of which is missing, has a raised rectangular platform adjacent to the loop.

SUR-05A8E7: BROOCH
A one piece brooch of early Colchester form. The side wings are plain. The spring has been displaced and the pin is missing. The upper part of the bow thickens into a flaring knop below which the bow is much narrower and in section becomes a flattened diamond shape. The catchplate is plain.

SUR-0786D8: BROOCH
A Roman plate brooch. The brooch is oval and has a central oval frame, now empty, but which probably contained a glass inlay. Most of the outer edge of the brooch is missing.On the back is a hinge with traces of an iron pin. Of the catchplate only a stub remains. there are no traces of either enamel of surface coating.

SUR-0855E7: BROOCH
A Roman Hod Hill brooch with side lugs, one of which is missing. The bow is triangular with the short base at the bottom and from this the lugs project.There are two transverse ridges below the lugs. There are traces of an iron pin and possible traces of a white metal coating.

SUR-087381: BROOCH
The upper part of a Roman bow brooch, a Langton Down variant, with the bow at right-angles to the head. The spring would have been housed in the semi-cylindrical casing. Along the bow is a series of pairs of arrow-shaped pits which may once have held enamel.

KENT-1F03A3: BROOCH
Fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman bow brooch, comprising the lower part of the bow and foot, and an integral openwork catch-plate. The foot terminates in a small globular knob.

DENO-6FF093: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy bow brooch of late Iron Age or early Roman date (1st century AD). The fragment is a simple, long, narrow, tapering bow with no extant decoration. There are no remains of wings, pin or catchplate, although the position of the catchplate is discernible from a ridge along the back of the foot end of the bow. Length 61.5mm, width 8.8mm, thickness 4.6mm, weight 6.44g Ref: Hattatt, page 295, figure 154, brooch 266 and page 296, figure 155, brooch 249

DENO-704205: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Fragment of cast copper alloy trumpet-headed brooch of the 1st-2nd centuries. The fragment consists of the trumpet and the start of the bow with the boss at the head. It is broken off just below the head boss. The back of the trumpet has the remains of the pin hinge but the pin, brooch foot and catchplate are missing. The brooch has a narrow, undecorated, flared trumpet head with a narrow shaft leading to a moulded decorative boss. It is very worn and the decorative moulding cannot be distinguished. There is a thick, pale green patina over the surface of the metal. Length 38.7mm, width (trumpet) 12.6mm, thickness (at boss) 8.1mm, weight 10.64g Ref: Hattatt, pages 326-327, figures 185-186.

DENO-704BF1: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy ‘Polden Hill’ type dolphin brooch of the 1st century AD. This fragment consists of the wings, head and start of the bow of the brooch. The foot, pin and catchplate are missing. The brooch has long, cylindrical wings housing the pin bar and spring. The spring is present, although the pin is missing. The wings have an incised ring in the each end and are decorated with a single moulded band around the end and then a triple band further in towards the brooch head, the central band of which is decorated with incised hatched lines. The bow is broad and tapering, but is flattened at the point where it meets the wings and has a stepped ‘crest’ along its top. The bow is decorated with a double moulded band running down its length, both bands of which are hatched. The remains of the very top of the catchplate are present on the back of the brooch bow. The whole brooch has a very smooth, tactile, green-grey patina over its surface. Length 34.9mm, width (wings) 38.3mm, thickness (at head) 17.4mm, weight 24.19g Ref: Hattatt, page 300, figure 159

NARC-772935: BROOCH
1st Century Fibula Brooch: Late Iron Age/ Early Roman Colchester one-piece brooch. The brooch has narrow (15.9mm) wings, and a long (51.2mm), gently curving bow with a slightly bulbous foot. The head of the bow bears the remnant of a 5.7mm diameter stud. The head and foot bear simple line ornament,but the bow itself is unornamented. Interestingly, the curve of the bow has a slight return at the foor, which is more typical of continental examples than Romano-British Colchester type brooches. The brooch has a rough surface and a patchy green-brown patina. Mass 8.2g.

NARC-772D76: BROOCH
A Romano-British dolphin brooch, possibly of the Polden Hill type. The brooch is relatively short (26.4mm), with 22.1mm wide wings housing a spring casing open at the rear. The brooch has a downwardly curving, typical dolphin style bow, which tapers gently to a blunt, rounded foot. The bow is decorated with reeding and zigzags, and there is a small stud at its apex. The brooch could be classified as a Langton Down type, but the slight flaring at the wing terminals might relate to the 'appendages' typical of the Polden Hill spring mechanism. Similarly, a single-pierced lug is present at the brooch's head. This lug was used to scure the spring's external chord. Polden Hill brooches are part of the dolphin bow fibula family, and date to the middle of the 1st century AD. Mass 5.2g.

WILT-83CBF4: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy brooch of 1st century AD probably of the Colchester type. The brooch consists of the bow which tapers to a point and the catchplate. The brooch has a shiny green patina. The length of the bow is decorated with wavy lines in sunk relief cf. Hattatt (1989) 253,254,255. The edges of the bow are rounded with the back of the bow remaining undecorated. The bow is a thin oval in cross section with the catchplate being almost rectangular in shape. The brooch is 31mm in length and weighs 1.5g.

WILT-844261: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy brooch possibly of the T-shape type dating from 1st-2nd century AD. The brooch only has the right hand wing which is enclosed, and is very regular and cylindrical in shape. The brooch is broken at what appears to be a central point along the wingspan. The tubular wings would have held the pin and spring mechanism. At the end of the right hand wing there is an incised longitudinal line. The top of the bow is present with a a lateral line incised towards the right hand side. The brooch measures 16mm in width and 15mm in length. It weighs 3.3g.

WILT-851B75: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy Hod Hill type brooch of 1st century AD. The brooch consists of much of the bow with the right hand side knob, incomplete catchplate and the lug which is bent down towards the back of the brooch. The bow tapers to a point at the bottom with 3 lateral raised lines across the bow at small intervals. There are two wide flutes on the bow above the raised lines, in line with the right hand side knob. The brooch is very worn with the left hand knob having been broken off. The reverse of the brooch is flat until it reaches the beginning of the catchplate. There is a white residue on the back of the bow and on the catchplate which could be the patina but is very light in colour. The brooch weighs 1.1g and is 23mm in length, 11mm wide. cf. Hattatt (1989) 316.

WAW-85B0F4: BROOCH
A fragment of a possible Iron Age penannular brooch. The fragment is a ‘C’ shaped section of the brooch which includes the terminal. The terminal is flattened and is an elongated oval in section, and is expanded in width. The edges of the are abraded and therefore probably don’t represent the original edge. The frame leaves the terminal becoming narrow and oval in section and decreases in width and depth until it reaches a broken terminal. This break did not occur too recently. The pin is missing. The surface of the brooch has a thick dark green patina with pitting. It measures 29.84mm long from terminal to terminal, 5.87mm wide at the flattened terminal. The brooch weighs 2.6g. The patina suggests the object is possibly dated to the prehistoric period and it is therefore probably dated to the late Iron Age to early Roman periods. Fowler (1960 ‘The Origins and Development of the Penannular Brooch in Europe’ Proceedings of the Prehistoric society Vol. 26) illustrates a group of penannular brooches which have flattened terminals, Type H.

WAW-9958D2: BROOCH
The brooch is a cast copper alloy La Tene I brooch. The brooch is cast as one piece. The spring is coiled with two coils with the terminal of the spring pointing upwards and is broken. The break is possibly quite recent as the patina does not cover the break. This would have originally developed to form the pin. The other terminal of the spring develops into the bow. The bow is a ‘C’ shape in profile and is oval in section which increases slightly towards the apex and tapers towards the lower portion of the bow. The lower portion of the bow also forms the catch by curling forwards forming a ‘U’ shape in profile. The back portion of this has an integral flange, with a vertical groove, to one side which is the catchplate. The front portion has a moulded terminal which expands in width around a circular cell. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete green/brown patina. The brooch measures 55.99mm long, 8.07mm wide across the spring, and weighs 6.8g. The brooch is a La Tene I type brooch which dates to the late Iron Age, c. 450 to 250 BC. These brooches date to the early first century. Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries) illustrate a similar brooch, No. T1, and comment that variations of this brooch are found across Europe.

LVPL-9A3D92: BROOCH
An incomplete, copper-alloy Late Iron Age to Roman Colchester brooch dating to c.25-60AD. The short wings are flat and the bow is circular in section and tapers to a point at the foot. The catchplate has three rectangular perforations. Only one turn brooch of the spring survives, but when complete it is likely to have had six or eight turns. The pin is missing, but the forward-facing hook which would have held the spring's external chord is intact. A similar example can be seen in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue (2000; 297, fig.156, no.1455). Also in Crummy's Colchester report (1995; 11-12; Fig 6, no.38).

LVPL-9A67F5: BROOCH
Copper alloy spring from a Roman bow brooch. Only two coils remain with part of the wire being straight, perhaps where it attached to the brooch. This was found in the same field as an incomplete Roman brooch so it is possible that it is from this brooch. The brooch is recorded on the database as LVPL-9A3D92.

LVPL-9A73E8: BROOCH
Anglo Saxon copper alloy small long brooch dating to the 6th century. It is a square headed type and appears mostly free from decoration. There are four circular perforations, one in each corner of the head. One of these holes has broken through to the edge. The catchplate and some of the lug remain but the pin is missing. The bow is curved only at the top part close to the head. The foot is spatulate shaped and has a horizontal line across the lower part. It is slightly broken at the bottom and so has an uneven edge. It has a mainly green patina but there appears to be some iron corrosion, especially around the lug on the head. Possibly the pin was made of iron.

SWYOR-C5D8C6: BROOCH
2006 T221 "Medieval brooch, consisting of flattened circular frame with pin, the frame decorated with zigzag grooves and bearing the following inscription: - X IESV (X jesus). The brooch is silver and dates from the 13th century. Dimensions: 18.5 mm. In terms of age and as the object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996." J P Robinson Curator of Medieval Collections 29th August 2006

WILT-C61CC1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy T-shaped brooch with serrated edges, Hull's type 144 with the Polden Hill side lugs, complete except for the missing enamel decoration. It also appears to have an additional forward-facing hook of a different (poorer) copper alloy to both the brooch and the chord and spring. The lower bow and foot are bent to one side. The wings span 24.3mm and are C-shaped in section. The side lugs extend backwards on a slight inward angle. The lugs hold the axis bar on which is at least an 8-coiled spring, at least nine. The pin however is also of a different copper alloy (which has lost most of its patina, similar to the forward-facing hook) and must be from a different brooch originally. It is unclear when this addition might have been made. The patina of the spring and chord is greeny-blue in colour, and smooth and shiny. To the front of the wings is moulded decoration in the form two thin ribs either side of a wider rib, triangular in section, flanking each end. Another wide moulded rib flanks the bow on both sides. The bow extends from the top of the wings and is topped with a forward-facing hook or crest, elaborately decorated with two pairs of ribs on raised elevations. This crest stops short and a diamond shaped stud appears on the bow where it would have terminated on a Polden Hill type brooch. This may have held enamel. The bow itself is smooth and slightly rounded to the reverse, while on the front is flat but curving with an offset, slightly lowered edge flanking the long sides at the top of the bow. At the centre of the bow these become teeth on either side, and then resume as a lowered edge again towards the bottom of the bow, to the foot. The serrations have been created by deep V-shaped cuts to the lower edge and bow behind. Between the serrated edges is a triangular area of the bow missing its enamel around four and a half copper alloy diamonds, diminishing in size from one to the next. The foot is semi-circular in shape with a groove to the front only, at the top. The 'ankle' (between foot and lower bow) is divided from the lower bow by a rib. The catchplate extends to the reverse from the lower bow to the foot. The curl is intact. The brooch's patina is grey/green-blue in colour and smooth. T-shaped brooches with serrated edges are derivatives of the Polden Hill type, their distribution as well as their characetristics being similar. The enamel decoration and the stud are feature taken from Headstud brooches, dating the serrated type to the early 2nd century. The serrated types fall into two camps, Hull's type 144 as this one is, and type 145, the Sawfish type, which has moulded teeth (as opposed to cut teeth) as well hinged pins, wider bows and tubular or flat wings. More differences are outlined in Hattatt 1987, Brooches of Antiquity, p.116-118. Cf. Hattatt no.933. The brooch is 43.1mm in length and weighs 12.22g.

NCL-060474: BROOCH
A bronze bow brooch of late Iron Age to early Roman date. The brooch has two major elements: the head and the bow. The head is seperated from the bow by a double collar, with the head having incised leaf decoration, ending in a rolled head which would have taken the pin of the brooch. The bow of the brooch has a downward incised pattern along the outer edges of the bow leaving an undecorated central band. Just below the collar there is an incised chevron decoration. The width of the bow tapers from its widest at the collar to the foot of the brooch, which ends in a disc, with an incised band around its circumference. The catchplate is cast with no perforations.

Incomplete Roman copper alloy dolphin brooch missing the lower bow, pin and catchplate of 1st century AD. It measures 20mm in length and 19mm across the wingspan. It weighs 4.1g. The brooch has three coils either side of the central ridge which creates the 'hump' at the top of the brooch and extends to where there is an incised lateral line above an old break in the bow. The bow is otherwise undecorated. The brooch would have been D-shaped in cross section and the patina is slightly green, smooth and shiny.At the ends of the wings there is a single vertical incised line. cf. Hattatt (1989) 889 and 359.

LVPL-1B0623: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Kräftig Profilierte type, dating to 43-100AD. The brooch is complete apart from its missing pin. The spring has 6 coils and the external chord is intact. The bow is arched with a pronounced button at its centre. The broad head narrows to a neck before widening into its side wings, but does not cover the spring which is held in place by a forward hook. There is a single terminal knob at the foot which has a collar. The catch plate is complete. The brooch is quite corroded but where it remains, the patina is dark green. A very similar example is known from Colchester (Crummy 1983, 10 no. 37 fig. 6) and another example can be seen in Hattatt (2000; 325; Fig 184, no. 333.

WAW-1E6957: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill type (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 4.i2. Plate 48. The wings are semi-cylindrical with wing caps at each terminal. The caps have a central perforation which would originally support the axis bar. Only a fragment of a copper alloy axis bar remains with five coils of the spring curled around it, however his is no longer attached to the brooch. The pin is missing. The upper edge of the wings has a small downturned hook at the centre. The hook would have originally held the cross bar of the spring in place. The wings are undecorated. The bow head is hump-like in profile and is slightly angular. It is decorated with a 'Y' shaped indentation which continues down the bow. The bow is semi-circular in section and is decorated with transverse ridges either side of the central indentation. The bow is broken towards the foot, it is not a recent break, however the patina does not cover it. There is a trace of the catchplate on the reverse of the bow before it is broken. The brooch has a well developed, but incomplete light grey/green patina. It measures 29.39mm long, 18.24mm wide and weighs 8.8g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

LVPL-2D1D91: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy bow brooch of Dolphin type which dates to the mid first century AD. The pin is missing but would have been hinged. The bar is cylindrical and solid, there is a space in the middle where the pin would have hooked over. The bow has a humped appearance at the top which means it is a Dolphin type. It tapers to a point at the foot. The catchplate is missing and there is no decoration anywhere.

WAW-589CD8: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman plate brooch. The fragment is the edge of an oval shaped brooch. The upper surface is decorated with two moulded concentric ridges. The interior edge is also a ridge, but it is the broken edge of an oval cell, which originally would have held a glass boss. The broken edges are not recent. The reverse of the fragment is undecorated and has an integral lug at one edge. This lug is incomplete and has the remains of a central perforation which suggests originally it was part of the hinge for the pin. The surface of the brooch is encrusted with soil, but has traces of a mid green/grey coloured patina. The brooch weighs 3.7g, and measures 32mm long, 12.75mm wide and 5.71mm thick. Hattat (1987 Brooches of Antiquity Oxbow) illustrates a similar brooch, No. 1213 and he dates these type of brooches to the 2nd to 3rd centuries. Macketh (1998 ‘Copper Alloy Brooches’ in Timby, J. Excavations at Kingscote and Wycomb, Gloucestershire Cotswold Archaeological Trust p. 147) narrows the dates of these type of brooches to c. 160 and through the 3rd century.

WAW-590384: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy brooch pin. The pin has a circular sectioned shank which tapers to a point. The opposite terminal is flattened so that the shank is level with one edge of the flattened portion. This flattened portion is curled forming a penannular loop. The pin has a shiny dark grey patina, but also has patches of active corrosion. The pin measures 56.4mm long and 9.83mm wide, weighing 2.1g. This type of pin is found on late Iron Age and Roman penannular brooches.

SWYOR-B1FC06: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment of a Roman headstud brooch. Only the wings and the top of the bow survive. The fragment is 25.3mm long, 22.5mm wide and 10.7mm thick. The brooch has a hinged pin. Only part of the loop survives of the pin, which is wrapped around a bar which is mostly hidden inside a tubular housing. The ends of the bar do not survive and it is uncertain whether there was a headloop or not. The wings are triangular and are very thin. The curved, underneath face of each wing is decorated with a lozenge containing blue enamel within a square containing red enamel in the corners. There are then two or three transverse grooves before the side of the bow. The bow is decorated with a raised, integral oval head stud which contains blue enamel in the centre and has a concentric cell for enamel which is now missing. There is a rectangular projecting on the bow above the headstud - a development of the loop found on similar brooches. The rest of the brooch is missing. The reverse of the bow is plain but there are slight traces of what is either silvering or damage. The metal of this brooch is extensively corroded and has a light green dusty patina. It is unusual for some of the enamel to survive. Similar brooches are discussed in Snape's "Roman Brooches from North Britain". This one probably dates from the second century.

DOR-C1ABD4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch. A t-shape bow brooch. The wings are short and cylindrical with a wide notch between them. There are traces of iron corrosion in the notch indicating that the wings housed and iron bar. The head of the bow is slightly stepped with a flared top to the bow reminiscent of a trumpet shape. The bow tapers to the missing foot and has a sub triangular cross section. The bow and wings are all slightly twisted and bent. Roman - 1st to 2nd century Dimensions: 36.81 mm x 23.05 mm x 9.55 mm Weight: 4.83 g

SUR-C3A132: BROOCH
A Roman plate brooch of equal-ended type. The brooch's terminals are of triangular form, each with three circular projections which may have held enamel and triangular cells containing the remains of red and blue enamel. The central rounded element is divided by two deep transverse grooves. The hinge is broken and the pin appears to have been of iron.

SUR-C60F70: BROOCH
A possible fragment comprising the lower part of a Roman brooch. On the back appears to be a broken catchplate. The body expands upwards and appears to bifurcate.

SUR-C61CA2: BROOCH
A Roman brooch of Dolphin type with the remains of the spring. There are two holes in the upper bow for the chord and bar. The brooch is very worn but mouldings survive on the side wings. The bow is plain and the catchplate is missing.

WILT-D69BF6: BROOCH
Complete Medieval copper alloy annular brooch, 13th century AD in date. The brooch has a triangular-section frame with 20 unevenly spaced grooves forming a V shape at the apex. The reverse of the frame tapers in towards the centre forming part of the triangular shape of the frame as a whole. Egan (Egan and Pritchard, 1991, pg252) describes a similar brooch, no.1317, and states that filed grooves are used as decoration to create different surfaces rather than holding any stones or enamel. The example discussed is similar to this brooch. There is a constriction on the frame where the pin is attatched. The pin itself, which is similar to examples shown in EAA 58 - Norwich Households (Margeson,1993, pg14) no's. 55 and 60, has a square ridge beneath where the pin is attatched to the frame. This then tapers into the main body of the pin, which then tapers to point at the end. The constriction where the pin is attatched shows a break. Also the pin itself has a separation which it is uncertain as to whether this a break or used as the way of attatching the pin to the frame. The brooch measures 33mm in diameter around the outside and 26mm in dimaeter on the inside. The pin measures 31mm in length with the square ridge 4mm on each side. The brooch is 5mm in height, weighing 8.2g.

WILT-D94E45: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet derivative bow brooch, 1st-2nd century AD, with traces of red and possibly blue enamel. The brooch is missing the loop at the top apart from a horizontal ridge, with vertical incised lines apparent, above the wings and the pin mechanism. At both ends of the wings there are two vertically incised lines with the ridge that is formed inbetween them having horizontally incised lines on it. The wingspan measures 18mm. The pin mechanism on the back wings consists of a hinged pin (still working) which is almost complete measuring 31mm in length to where it tapers to a point just above the catchplate. The rest of the mechanism is kept in the tubular section of the wings. The brooch consists of a disc with three segments the centre of which has traces of red enamel. The second segment possibly has traces of blue enamel. The disc measures 16mm in diameter. Above and below the disc are two sets of inverted V shape ridges. It appears that there is a similar design on either side of the disc but these are very worn. With the brooch facing with the forwards, the right hand side has more evidence of the V shape turned on its side. Below the disc is a triangular leg which has the shape of an arrowhead imprinted onto it. Above a horizontally incised line at the foot of the brooch are two semi circles next to each other with the flat edges in line with the incised line. These are raised along with the outside edge of the triangular leg therefore creating the impression of an imprint. The back of the brooch is flat with the brooch creating D shape in cross section. The catchplate almost complete with a small old break to the outer edge. The brooch measures 48mm in length and weighs 11.6g. cf. Hattatt (1989) no's. 986, 987, 990.

WILT-D9D3A3: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman Langton Down type copper alloy brooch, 1st century AD. The brooch has an old break just below the wings therefore only showing 11mm of the bow. At the point where the wings and the bow meet there are some vertically incised short lines running above and on the semi circular ridge. The bow itself shows the very worn standard reeded decoration which would run vertically down the bow. The bow comes down at virtually a right angle from the wings. The tubular wingspan is broken which also appears to be from an old break. The pin and spring mechanism is missing. With the back of the wings facing forward, the left hand side of the wing has lost half of the tubular casing. The right hand side is almost complete with signs of corrosion. The wingspan measures 19mm in width. The brooch measures 16mm in length and weighs 3.4g. cf. Hattatt (1989) no.770.

HAMP-EB7132: BROOCH
A virtually complete Roman cast copper-alloy umbonate disc brooch dating to the late 1st/2nd century AD. The brooch is domed and broadly circular, with protrusions at the cardinal points. The largest of these knops conceals the double semicircular lug in which the pin is still retained by its axis bar. The pin is slightly corroded and has lost its tip. Opposite, on the longest axis, a knop conceals a catchplate of sub-rectangular shape and slightly abraded. The other two projections are small and rounded by comparison. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated with enamel which is set in small triangular recesses. These are arranged in two circles of fourteen around a central ring and dot, and all within a grooved circular border. The enamel is retained in all cells apart from a few and is exclusively blue; many such brooches have enamel alternating between red and blue (Hattatt 1982, 140; ref. 128; cf. also SUSS-3471F7 on this database). The artefact has corroded to a mid-green colour and has been bent downwards slightly on one side.

BERK-2EF8D4: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy zoomorphic brooch in the form of a hen or cockerel (late 2nd century AD). The head and body project from a flat base that conceals the pin and catchplate. There is a break across the neck and the head is now missing. The body is hollow and the wings are decorated with semi-circular cells then a curve of triangular cells. The cells are infilled with red, yellow and blue enamel. It has twin lugs and the pin that hinges is complete. The catchplate is missing Bayley and Butcher (2004:174) note these seem to be a British product; a very similar example is illustrated no. T214. Crummy (2007) notes that the cockerel is often associated with Mercury and cockerel brooches have been discovered associated with places of worship for Mercury. Dimensions: length 30.41mm; width 17.80mm; thickness 17.88mm; weight 9.4g Reference: Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004. Roman Brooches in Britain. The Society of Antiquaries, London. Crummy, N. 2007. Brooches and the Cult of Mercury. In Britannia XXXVIII 2007.

HAMP-3DEA61: BROOCH
An annular dress accessory cast in copper alloy: probably a brooch of medieval date. The central perforation is not quite circular. It has two slight protrusions which face each other internally. These, together with some staining on the lower surface suggest at a central pin bar which would be more consistent with a buckle. Its absence might suggest that the object was converted in its use. The annular frame features six equally spaced circular perforations. One of these retains a large dome-headed rivet (L.: 6.65mm), with part of a rivet surviving in another; the other four are empty. One of the perforations has been worn almost through to the internal edge perhaps suggesting that a pin was looped around it. While the lower surface of the object is plain, the upper surface features a legend formed of seemingly punched letters within an external and internal border. The inscription is unintelligble and seemingly retrograde. Traces of gilding survive within the object, particularly around the rivets and the letters. The artefact has been bent slightly in profile and has corroded to a variable green colour.

CAM-4035A2: BROOCH
A copper alloy disc brooch dating to the second century AD. The brooch comprises a flat, circular plate, the upper surface of which is separated into ring shaped cells by a series of concentric ribs. A degraded substance, probably enamel is visible in these cells. On the underside of the plate is a small rectangular catchplate and semi-circular pin lug. The pin lug is surrounded by iron corrosion products. The brooch measures 36mm in diameter and 10mm in thickness at the catchplate end.

LEIC-4122D0: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy and enamel hare brooch, 31mm long, 11mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in poor condition with a brown patina and weighs 1.92 grams. The brooch is missing its ears and feet and appears to have snapped in two. It has a raised circle for an eye which is surrounded by traces of red enamel. Its body has three enamel cells, two are parallelogram in form with the last having a similar form with a circulur extension forming the hares rear end. The outer cells are filled with blue enamel whilst the central one appears to have both blue and red enamel present. The raised surface of the brooch appears to have been silvered? its has a whitish concretion present. The reverse has traces of a lug with iron corrosion around it and the base of a catchplate, Hattatt Fig. 221, 1191/613.

LEIC-413B83: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy and enamel disc brooch, 21mm in diameter and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.91 grams. The Brooch is intact and is decorated on its surface with a central raised circle which is surrounded by a recessed six pointed 'star' motif, each point terminates with a raised circle. The rest of the surface is filled with what is now black enamel, while the area around the centre is empty. The reverse has two intact semi-circular lugs, 4mm wide and 5mm deep, which have traces of a copper alloy pin between them. The catchplate is intact and is sub rectangular in form, 5mm wide and deep. Hattatt Fig. 203, 118/518.

LEIC-417FB2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy and enamel disc brooch, 25mm long, 22mm wide and 8mm thick. The object is in poor condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.88 grams. Hattatt Fig. 203, 1027. The brooch is sub rectangular in form and quite damaged. Its surface is decorated with two concentric recesses seperated by a narrow raised band, 1mm wide. The inner circle has a filling of bright red enamel, with a small section missing. Inside this there is a wide raised band, 2mm wide, which surrounds a circular central recess, 5mm in diameter. On the edge of the brooch is evidence of at least two trapezoidal protrusions. The reverse appears to have its lugs intact but they are concealed by a large area of corrosion product, probably caused by the iron pin? Below this near the edge of the brooh is the base of a catchplate about 6mm long.

LEIC-41BCF3: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy knee brooch fragment, 25mm long, 22mm wide and 8mm thick. The object is in good condition with a green patina and weighs 4.01 grams. Hattatt Fig. 195, 123/471. The object consists of the base of the brooch and is formed of a rectangular plate which has a semi-circular attachment at each end. One is much larger than the other and this tapers gently towards its base where it flares out to form a semi circular foot. The other side is semi-clyndrical in form with a stpped base. This is offset so that one side protrudes further, this section has a semi-circular recess which would have held the pin.

NARC-424B81: BROOCH
Early Roman brooch of Colchester derivative (double Lug) type in copper-alloy. This form dates to between c.AD 40 and 65. The present example is complete, and in good condition, with an even deep green patina, and the pin is intact. The object measures 32mm long, with wings 17mm wide, and a maximum thickness of 12mm; it weighs 6.5g. The brooch is T-shaped in plan and D-shaped in section. The short, semi-cylindrical wings are undecorated, but the length of the bow is decorated with linear reeding, and it gradually tapers to form a point at the base. On the reverse of the brooch, the spring mechanism is clearly visible, and the spring is unilateral with 3 turns and an internal chord. There is no decoration on the back of the brooch. The pin fastens into the curved, unperforated catchplate, holding the brooch in place and securing costume. The brooch is in good condition, with a patchy green patina.

SUR-551D21: BROOCH
A solid catchplate, possibly from a bow brooch of Colchester type.

LIN-552556: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Hod Hill brooch. The brooch has a broken headplate and is missing its rolled over tube and pin at the top. The main body is rectangular and is decorated with three vertical ribs and deep channels between. The perimeters are missing. There are four tapering collars below with deep channels between. The foot is trangular, flat and terminates with a collared circular foot. The catchplate on the reverse is complete and there is a patch of iron corrosion on one side of it where the pin originally rested. No silvering remains.

SUR-585EC2: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman brooch of Colchester type, now bent backwards, with a broken fretwork catchplate. There are grooves on the side wings and a prominent spine on the upper part of the bow. The iron spring remains.

NARC-68B978: BROOCH
Late medieval (14th-century) ring brooch of cast copper alloy, consisting of a solid copper alloy ring and a straight, tapering, collared pin, attached to the ring by an open loop that allows it to move freely around the ring. The brooch measures 35mm (diameter) x 4mm (thickness) and weighs 14.5g.

HAMP-68B2B2: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy mid 1st century AD Roman dolphin type brooch, as derived from the Colchester type. The brooch has lost its spring mechanism and concomitant pin; the catchplate is also very abraded. There is a further loss at the end of the right hand wing (L.: 6.3mm) when looking at the brooch in plan, head at the top. The wings are convex, with a shallow concave lower surface. A slight protrusion at the front of the head may been part of a retaining hook. The complete wing extends over for 13.2mm on each side and are decorated with reeded transverse ridges: a pair towards the bow and ?two pairs towards the tip (concretions obscure the detail). The bow is decorated in the same plane, with two longitudinal ridges created by three grooves. These run along the length of the bow, which tapers from a width of 10.3mm at the head to 3.4mm at the foot. Viewing the brooch in profile one can see that the bow rises to a high point in the first third from the head before arcing gradually down to the foot, the latter being in the same plane as the head. On the reverse of the foot the catchplate extends for 27.8mm up the bow, but is only a remnant, as stated. The brooch has corroded to a dark orange-brown colour with some small areas of green bronze disease. It is also quite heavily pitted.

SWYOR-934696: BROOCH
A copper alloy brooch of Roman date. The bow is 36mm long and is humped and sub-circular in cross-section, tapering away from the crosspiece. The bow has a narrow raised rib down the centre and has a flat surface on the reverse. The brooch is 27.5mm wide, with tubular wings. The reverse of the crosspiece has a rectangular slot. The pin is hinged, with an iron axis which can be seen in the cross-section of the wings.The pin is broken close to the crosspiece; the break is irregular and slightly worn. The catchplate and turnover are missing. The brooch is not decorated and has a dark green patina. Bow brooches date to the late first century. No exact parallels could be found but bow brooches from Corbridge Red House are similar (Snape 1993: 32-34).

SWYOR-94BAC0: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Dragonesque brooch, dating from the mid-first to late second centuries. The body of the brooch is present and is S-shaped, terminating in a stylised animal head. No details of the head can be made out; however, there is red enamel present on either end of the head. The centre of the body has a lattice design, with three central lozenges filled with yellow enamel. Either side of the lozenges is a row of triangles, which are filled with red enamel. Between the animal head and the centre of the S, are three curved panels, in two of which red enamel can be seen. On the other side of the triangle/lozenge design is another set of three curved panels, again with red enamel in places. The brooch is broken through these panels but it can be assumed that another animal head would have formed the end to the S-shape. The break is worn. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. The copper alloy is dark green, with brown corrosion on the reverse. The brooch is 43.2mm long and 27.8mm wide. A very similar Dragonesque brooch can be seen in Snape (1993, Figure 2 no. 14.2).

SWYOR-94CF41: BROOCH
The body of a copper alloy Dragonesque brooch, dating from the mid-first to late second centuries. The body is S-shaped and is 30.0mm long and 15.5mm wide. The brooch is decorated with four oval depressions, two of which have white, red and blue enamel remaining, and traces of white enamel may be visible in a third. Each of these oval depressions is bounded by fine raised lines of copper alloy. The reverse is undecorated. Both end of the body of the brooch are broken; however, it is probably that both ends would have terminated in stylised animal heads. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. The copper alloy is dark green. A similar Dragonesque brooch can be seen in Snape (1993) (Figure 2 no. 14.2).

SWYOR-94DA96: BROOCH
Probably the end of a copper alloy Dragonesque brooch, dating from the mid-first to late second centuries. The fragment represents a stylised animal head. The head of the animal is decorated with five linear grooves and there is a large sub-circular hole which may represent an eye. Beyond the hole are two protrusions with rounded ends, which together may represent a mouth. Below the head is a curving protrusion, probably representing the animal's neck. The brooch is broken at this point, but would probably have extended into an S-shape, terminating in another animal head. The reverse of the fragment is undecorated. The fragment is dark green, with brown/orange corrosion between the eye and the mouth. The fragment is 25.3mm long and 13.8mm wide. A similar Dragonesque brooch can be seen in Snape (1993) (Figure 2 no. 14.2).

SWYOR-94E241: BROOCH
Probably the end of a copper alloy Dragonesque brooch, dating from the mid-first to late second centuries. The fragment probably represents a stylised animal head, although no details of the animal can be distinguished. The fragment is trefoil - one lobe is domed and the other two have a thin, curved rib along the centre. There is no other decoration, and the reverse is flat and undecorated. This fragment probably formed the terminal to an S-shaped brooch, with another animal head at the other terminal. The break is extremely worn. The fragment is 17.3mm long and 12.6mm wide. A similar Dragonesque brooch can be seen in Snape (1993) (Figure 2 no. 14.2). Snape. 1993. Roman Brooches from Northern Britain.

SWYOR-94EA00: BROOCH
The body and one terminal of a copper alloy Dragonesque brooch, dating from the mid-first to late second centuries. The body is S-shaped and has a domed-shaped circular raised protrusion in the centre. This protrusion is bordered by four raised ribs, which taper away towards the outer parts of the S. Both ends of the body are broken; however, one end clearly joins with another fragment, which is the terminal of the brooch and shaped in the form of a stylised animal head. The terminal is trefoil - one lobe is pointed and has a raised circular dome-shaped protrusion, similar to that on the body of the brooch. Another lobe is sub-circular, with a circular hole in the centre. The breaks are worn. Together, the fragments are 34.7mm long and 23.5mm wide. A similar Dragonesque brooch can be seen in Snape (1993) (Figure 2 no. 14.2). Snape. 1993. Roman Brooches from Northern Britain. Snape. 1993. Roman Brooches from Northern Britain.

SWYOR-950258: BROOCH
The body and one terminal of a copper alloy Dragonesque brooch, dating from the mid-first to late second centuries. The body is S-shaped, with a lozenge-shaped depression in the centre. There is a thick rib along both axes of the lozenge, forming a raised cross. At either end of the body of the brooch, the metal narrows to a 3mm-wide strip. One of these is broken; the other leads to a animal-shaped terminal. The terminal is lozenge-shaped, with a circular depression in the centre, which may represent an eye. The furthest end of the lozenge has a circular protrusion, and there is another protrusion projecting from the lozenge, which appears to represent an ear. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. The copper alloy is dark green, with patches of brown corrosion. The brooch is 55mm long and 18.1mm wide. A similar Dragonesque brooch can be seen in Snape (1993) (Figure 2 no. 14.2).Snape. 1993. Roman Brooches from Northern Britain.

LEIC-BD4C44: BROOCH
Silver medieval brooch pin. The object is solid silver and consists of a circular sectioned shaft with a raised collar which is oval in form and rectangular in section. This collar has decoration at each narrow end, consisting of four incised vertical lines intersected by one central horizontal line. Above the collar is a flattened sheet which is folded over to form an incomplete loop. The pin shaft has a sub circular recess near its end to allow it to rest on the brooch. The pin is from an annular brooch and is similar in form to fig. 151 in TAR2004 (2004T34) and probably dates to the 13th or 14th century.

NCL-BDA718: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Nauheim brooch, of La Tene III dating to the late 1st century BC to late 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing the foot, catchplate, pin and half the spring. However,bow is complete and best described as leaf-shaped with incised decoration down the centre in the form of cording, and simple incised lines set inside the outer edges. Two sets of three incised transverse lines cross the bow just below its midpoint, where the leaf-shape begins to taper into a point. The object has a smooth, even patina of white/grey-green colour, indicating a copper-alloy with high lead or tin content. Tin is more likely, given the light weight of the object relative to its size.

WMID-C234D8: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, Western Group,flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 5.a1.Plate 49. The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated caps at the terminals. One of the perforated caps is ruptured. A fragment of the axis bar remains attached to the complete perforated cap. This bar would have held the spring and pin (See Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 33-34). There is no pin, and only the terminal curves of the copper alloy spring remain. These straighten out to become a gently curved external chord running through a pierced lug between the wings. The chord would have held the spring and pin in place on the bar. The wings are decorated with transverse dotted and continuous linear indentations. The bow, which has a humped profile, is decorated by a longitudinal linear groove running down the centre, flanked by a thinner linear indentation to either side. The bow tapers and is broken towards the foot. There is no catchplate. The brooch has an incomplete well developed, dark brown/green patina. On the reverse of each wing, towards the end caps there are two raised green/white patches. The substance is unidentified. The brooch measures 22.59mm long, 22.28mm wide and weighs 6.46g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher state that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

SWYOR-D59436: BROOCH
A gilt copper alloy brooch fragment; the decorative pin head from an annular brooch. The brooch is Irish and dates from the eighth or ninth century. The fragment is 45mm long, 7.6mm wide and 10.5mm thick. It weighs 22.5g and is in good condition. The pin head is basically lozenge shaped and consists of a central lozenge shaped recess with four sub-rectangular panels round it. The panels are linked by sub-circular settings. A semi-circular cell projects from the outer edge of each panel. This style is very characteristically Irish, with the panels containing fine chip-carved interlace separated by bold ridged borders. At the base of the pin head is a tapered rectangular projection which steps down at the end where it is decorated with six horizontal grooves. The upper part of the projection is decorated with incised spirals forming a stylised animal head. The metal is solid but there is some green corrosion. Much of the gilding survives. It is possible that there was once a filigree panel in the central lozenge. The reverse of the pin head is mainly flat and the edges are rounded. Two rounded parallel lugs project near the top which have another piece of metal surviving between them. In line with these lugs, but at the bottom of the pin head is a pair of raised ridges. It seems likely that the pin itself fitted between the ridges and was attached to the lugs. It probably arched over the frame which would have fitted through the gap between the ridges and the lugs. There is white material surviving between the ridges and the lugs which may be remains of solder used to fix the pin head to the shaft. This technique can be paralleled on a brooch from Mull, number 75 in "The Work of Angels", which is of Irish manufacture. This example is also gilded copper alloy has roundels at each corner of the lozenge. The design is interpreted as a cross with roundels at the end of each arm, and the top of the shaft as a stylised animal head. It dates from the eighth century (R. M. Spearman and M Ryan, 1989). Another parallel is the annular brooch from Tara, number 77 in "The Work of Angels". This has a similar pin head but the head is riveted to the shaft. This silver gilt brooch has been attributed to the ninth century (Youngs, 1989). Evidence from documentary sources and sculptures suggest that these brooches were worn by both men and women, singly on the chest by women, or on the shoulder by men (Geake pers comm.). The presence of Irish metalwork in England is best explained by trade and the recycling of decorative metalwork in the ninth and tenth centuries. Many Irish mounts of a similar date to this brooch fragment have been found in England and they provide evidence that many highly decorative semi-precious items were coming from Ireland in the ninth and tenth centuries as well as bullion and silver jewellery (Youngs 2001). One such example is the gilded casket mount with interlace decoration on display at Doncaster Museum.

WMID-D691D1: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, Western Group,flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 5.b1. Plate 50. The wings are semi-cylindrical with incomplete perforated caps at the terminals. There is a crest between the wings, with an open (incomplete?) perforation. There is no axis bar, spring, chord or pin, which would be expected of a complete brooch of this type (see Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 33-34). The crest between the wings forms the zenith of a raised linear decoration running down the centre of the head and what remains of the bow. The wings are decorated by a transverse linear indentation towards each of the end caps. The bow, which has a humped profile, tapers and is broken towards the foot. There is no catchplate. The brooch has an incomplete well developed, dark brown/green patina. The brooch measures 14.28mm long, 16.53mm wide and weighs 2.55g. Based on the characteristics discussed above, the brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher state that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

LEIC-E8DFA5: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet derivitive brooch, 47mm long and 10mm wide. The brooch is in good condition with a brown patina and weighs 9.74grams. The brooch consists of very narrow wings with a copper alloy pin holding the hinged pin in place. The bow is circular in section and is semi circular in form giving the brooch a 23mm width, front to back. It is decorated with two horizontal protruding ridges near its centre and the head has a triangular recess just above the wings. The catchplate sits behind a rectangular plate which is seperated from the bow by a protruding semi-circular ridge. The plate is decorated with very faint raised open circles, which appear to form a row running down each side, and has notches along its edge. The catchplate is trapezoidal in form and runs the length of the plate but is missing its upper edge.

NCL-FF30C0: BROOCH
A medieval silver annular small brooch, the decorated frame (chevrons & dot motifs) forms a near circular hoop, which terminates in two joined hands (`fede'), the setting originally would have held a stone (now missing). The pin is wrapped around the frame and tapers to a rounded point. The pin has a short flat transverse collar adjacent to the frame. A similar brooch can be paralleled from the Hackleton area, Northampton reported on in Treasure Annual report 2000, Fig 137, 75. The brooch is silver and dates to early 14th century. Dimensions: 18 mm diameter and the missing stone would have been approximately 2 mm.

Incomplete copper alloy Roman knee brooch, missing its spring mechanism, pin, part of catchplate and end of one wing. Where the original patina survives, traces of tinning are visible. The incomplete wingspan is 15mm but would once have been c.18mm in length. The wings are tubular and C-shaped in profile. Part of the broken wing is bent upwards but this suggests the wing was more enclosed than a C-shaped profile. The ends of the wings are not enclosed as other knee brooches often are. The bow extends in an accentuated curve. It is rectangular in section and measures 8.1x3.6mm in front of the wings. Two grooves and corresponding rib flank this join. The bow narrows to 5.6mm wide and 4.8mm thick at the ankle, before flaring to a 11.8mm wide square-sectioned foot. To the rear of the bow at the top and bottom of the curve, are two projections creating the illusion of an almost enclosed area. The catchplate extends to the rear of the base of the foot. It is flat and rectangular with an angled edge. The hook for the pin has broken off. The brooch is very similar to one from Dorset (Hattatt no.1228). It is allied to a native British example, Hull's type 175. However, the projections on the reverse suggest connections to a rare type of knee brooch with a curved connecting link between upper and middle bow. Length 33.7mm, weighs 11.45g. 2nd century.

WILT-12B8F6: BROOCH
Incomplete La Tene I, 2 coils remaining (prob orig.4?) Bow roughly circular in section, slight ribs running along edges and slight mid-rib. Missing catchplate and foot. Cf. Hattatt 725

HESH-5370D8: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Colchester derivative (Polden Hill style) brooch of Roman date (43-150AD). The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated wing / end caps. The wing caps are incomplete and the axis bar, spring and pin are missing. It is likely that the pin / spring would have been attached by an external chord to a (now broken) rearward facing hook. The remnant of this hook is located at the centre of the wings on the upper edge. The reverse of the head of the brooch (between the two wings) has a oval shaped recess. The bow head is hump-like, and slightly angular in profile. The bow is D shaped in cross section. It tapers to an abraded broken edge. Originally it would have had a pointed foot. There is no evidence for a catchplate or vertical rib on the underside of the bow. The brooch measures 22.6mm length, 18.5mm width (across wings), 5.7mm width across bow, is 3.8mm thick across the bow, and weighs 4.42 grams. The brooch is abraded and the remains of the decoration are indistinct. It is possible that the bow head and part of the upper bow were decorated with a combination of vertical ribs and annulets. The other visible decoration consists of two ribs at the junction between the brooch and the wing casing, however these too are indistinct. The brooch is a mid grey green colour with an even but much abraded patina. Where abrasion has occurred it is most evident on the external faces of the brooch. Movement in the plough soil has also distorted the profile of the brooch. There is no evidence of active corrosion present. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt’s Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pp 300 fig; 159 and Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain pp 89-92.

NARC-540856: BROOCH
Roman brooch: a fragment from the catchplate of a copper alloy 1st-century fibula brooch. The catchplate fragment is 39.5mm long,12.3mm wide and 6.3mm thick. It is in good condition with a patchy green patina and weighs 6.4g. It is broadly triangular in form with one concave edge. The central part of the plate has an openwork, bilobate cutout, and the remains of the bow shows traces of decorative ribbing. The fragment ends abruptly with an angled, undecorated base. The openwork cutout has closest parallels in the 'Colchester two-piece' class, though in the main these feature curved, rather than straight bows (see Hattatt 2000: fig 156). Nonetheless, the fragment can be confidently dated to the 1st century AD.

YORYM-66B277: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch, dating to the first half of the second century. The object has the characteristic trumpet head, with a bow that sits low and rather flatter than larger varieties. The bow is broken just below a rib that would have flanked the mid-bow knob. The reverse of the head shows a perforated lug for accommodating a hinge pin. The pin is missing.

Early Medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch fragment, 50mm long, 44mm wide and 10mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brownish patina and weighs 19.54g. The object has been well made but is suffering from various forms of corrosion. It consists of a central headplate which has a large central panel, with a thin recessed panel at each side. Attached to this are three integrally cast half-round knobs; each is identical, with a base and waist below the hemispherical dome. They are distinctly rounded, not elongated as many knobs are. A short stub of the bow is present, which has snapped off at a diagonal break; above the break is a hint of a rectangular-section area above a faceted centre. There is no decoration present on the brooch apart from this decorative step at the start of the bow. The reverse contains two semi-circular lugs, 8mm high, which contain an iron pin which is heavily corroded. A close inspection of this corrosion failed to identify any fabric impressions.

Early medieval brooch; Incomplete cast copper alloy disc brooch of probable 9th century date. The brooch is formed of a flat, circular plate cast with a design with roundels and indications of interlace. The artefact consists of two fragments of the plate which fit together, one of which seems more worn than the other. Unfortunately the back of the fragments cannot be closely examined due to the adhesive which has been used to hold them together, but there is no indication that any of the pin or pin mounting survives. From the existing fragment it can be postulated that the original design had four roundels spaced around the exterior of the brooch but it is not possible to be more specific about the overall design. The fragment is worn so the pattern is unclear but there does not seem to be any zoomorphic element to the design. The abstract design is an indication of a 9th century date (rather than an earlier one). The layout is also similar to that of the Scandinavian-inspired Borre style disc brooches of the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Diameter 35.1mm, thickness 2.4mm, weight 8.80g

CORN-A6C4B7: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman hinged T-shaped or Colchester derivative tapering bow brooch. The bow is D-shaped in section and tapers towards the missing foot. It has a moulded knurled crest extending from the head and tapering towards the lower bow. This crest is defined by raised moulding in the form of rectangular bosses. The crest probably did not extend to the foot, which is missing, as the bosses flatten out towards the end of the broken bow, but it is too corroded to be sure. Most of the tubular wings and the lower part of the bow have corroded away. The backs of the wings and head have also corroded away to reveal the copper alloy axial rod and the top part of the hinged pin, set into the back of the head. The rest of the pin and the catchplate are missing. The length of what remains of the brooch is 22 mm; width of the bow is 11 mm; thickness of bow is 8 mm; width of wings is 15.5 mm. It weighs 4.4g. AD 1st-2nd century Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar T-shaped brooch on page 302, Fig.161, No.394, which is dated from the 1st to the 2nd century AD. Bishop (1996) illustrates a similar Colchester derivative bow brooch on page 51, Fig.30, No.307.

LIN-E85576: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Only the zoomorphic head survives. The head has two transverse collars above and the facial features are moulded and very pronounced. The forehead is triangular in cross-section and the snout is scroll-like. The reverse is slightly hollowed. There are traces of a catchplate on the reverse.

KENT-E8D4E2: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy colchester two-piece or dolphin brooch. Spring and pin is missing.

LIN-E9ACB0: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy late Roman crossbow brooch. The wings are rectangular in cross-section and have a slot in the centre of the reverse to acommodate a pin. Only the looped hinge of the pin remains. The wings are each decorated with three vertical rope-like bands with deep channels between. The wing terminals are solid knops. The bow is comma shaped and rectangular in cross-section. The foot is triangular in plan and is decorated with a row of facets on either side. There is a rolled over catchplate on the reverse.

LIN-FA4AF2: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy Viking trefoil brooch executed in Borre style knot work. There are two lugs and the remains of an iron pin on the reverse. The perimeter of the brooch is entirely missing, and only the central portion remains.

LIN-FD3305: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy Group IV Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The brooch remains below the bow to the upper part of the foot. The upper part of the fragment has a slight step up to where the bow would have started. To either side below is an incomplete lappet. The foot begins with two collars and then two eyes formed by moulded pellets. The reverse is slightly hollowed. Part of the catchplate is present.

CORN-24EB51: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Polden Hill type Roman brooch in two parts with separate spring, now detached. At the head end of the bow, there is a crest made up of six bosses, running in a line like a caterpillar. The third and sixth boss of the crest are attached by copper alloy rivets to the head and body of the bow. The tapering bow has a hollowed back which is semi-circular in section. The catchplate survives at the foot of the bow and is triangular in profile. The cross bar of the brooch is semi-cylindrical and hollow at the back and has a penannular fitting at either end, which would have originally been annular to house the spring. They have since been broken and bent so that the spring is now detached. The spring's axial bar has knobbed terminals which were fixed into the holes of these annular returned ends on the cross bar. The spring has eleven turns either side of the pin and is surrounded by an external chord. The external chord was held by a rearward hook, below the top of the crest mouldings, which is now broken. The hook is still attached to the top of the pin so it looks to be a 'claw' type (Hattatt). The brooch is 54 mm long by 38 mm wide and 14 mm thick and weighs 9.75g. The spring is 46 mm long and 39 mm wide and 7 mm in diameter and weighs 11.21g. The pin is 44.3 mm in length. The measurements below represent the maximum dimensions for both the parts together, and the weight is the total weight of both parts. Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar example of a Polden Hill brooch on page 300, Fig.159, No.26, which is dated to the 1st century AD. Bayley and Butcher (2004) refer to similar examples of Polden Hill brooches from Richborough on page 160, which date from c.AD 80-120.

KENT-2652D7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy La Tene brooch.

NCL-27D425: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy annular brooch of the Early Medieval period. The brooch is circular in plan and rectangular in section, the thickness of the band being 2.1mm. The band has fragmented into two pieces, however the two pieces together make up the whole brooch, the diameter of which is 44.22mm. There is a restriction to take a pin, now lost. The brooch is decorated on its display face. Every 90 degrees, a band runs transversely across the brooch, defined by two incised lines to either side, so that there is a broad central band and two narrower flanking bands. With the bands separating the brooch into four quarters. The majority of the face in each quarter is undecorated.

NCL-28B433: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy annular brooch of the Early Medieval period. The brooch frame is complete with a diameter of 42.16mm. The band measures 8.52mm wide and is decorated with double sets of two incised lines at intervals round the band. There is a restriction for a pin which no longer remains.

LIN-290724: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The broooch is small which indicates an early date in the series. The brooch is missing from the bow upwards; only the zoomorphic foot remains. The catchplate remains on the reverse.

LIN-3D3B51: BROOCH
Copper alloy annular brooch pin. The pin is circular in cross-section and bowed.

LIN-78C3A1: BROOCH
Enamelled copper alloy duck brooch. The brooch is very damaged and now in a distorted shape. The head and neck of the bird is missing, however the main body remains. The body is convex and decorated with channels of enamel picking out the wings and feathers of the bird. A small fragment of blue enamel remains in one of the channels. There is a double lug to accomadate a hinged pin on the reverse. The pin and catchplate are missing.

LIN-794198: BROOCH
Copper alloy dolphin brooch. The brooch has cylindrical wings in cross-section containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. The wings are decorated with rope-like patterns. The bow is lozenge shaped in cross-section and tapers to a point. The catchplate is missing.

GLO-796452: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch fragment length 28mm, width 11mm, thickness 11mm, weight 6.5g. Only the middle of the leg remains, this consists of a moulded knee with two projections above and below, one is 11mm long the other is 8mm long, both are truncated and heavily corroded. This artefact dates to 50-200AD.

LEIC-7B07F4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 37mm long, 23mm wide and 12mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 6.3grams. The brooch is very plain and consists of solid circular sectioned wings which hold the remains of a hinged pin. The bow is circular in section and contains just the traces of a catchplate.

LIN-7C1031: BROOCH
Copper alloy Roman brooch. The brooch has cylindrical wings however it is missing its pin. The bow is circular in cross-section and broken half way down. There is a 'V'-shaped incised decoration just above the break.

WILT-8D98D4: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy dolphin brooch missing part of one wing and the lower bow and catchplate. It is also missing its spring mechanism and pin. To the reverse of the wings and hump of bow is a damaged integral double-pierced projecting lug. The surviving wing-span is 23.4mm. It would have originally been c.28mm. The surviving wing has lost original patina though a faint incised line flanks the outside edge of the wing. The bow/ head rises vertically from the wings and extends in a hump 3mm above. A D-shaped moulding flanks the bow on either side and a triangular moulding on the very top is the extension from the lug behind. The bow here is 11.7mm wide. It extends 23mm to the (old) break. Below the side mouldings, the bow tapers to 7mm and is D-shaped in section, being flat to the reverse. It is 3.6mm wide and 2.6mm thick at the break. All original patina has been lost. It weighs 7.88g. 1st century/ early 2nd century in date.

YORYM-8E7434: BROOCH
Roman cast copper alloy trumpet brooch. The brooch has a characteristic head; this hides the spring pin in the reverse. There is a suspension loop above the head which runs through as an axis bar for the spring and has a collar visible above the head. In the middle of the bow acanthus moulding flanks a raised ridge. Above and below the acanthus moulding are two further raised ridges. The foot knob has a set of three ridges for decoration. The catchplate is largely intact behind the foot and lower portion of the bow.

LEIC-8EA945: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 48mm long, 25mm wide and 15mm deep. The brooch is in a fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 11.56grams. The brooch has a triangular sectioned bow, the point of which rises to become a crest near the top. The wings are semi-circular in section and hollow to allow for a spring. The catchplate is almost intact and is triangular in form, with a slight lip.

LEIC-8EB793: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet derivitive, Alcester type, brooch, 32mm long, 9mm wide and 15mm deep. The brooch is in a fair condition with a green patina and weighs 5.48grams. The brooch consists of a triangular shaped back plate from which the bow emerges. Its reverse contains a vertical ridge above the spring which has 4 coils present. The bow is unusual as it has two parts, the upper part curves and tapers as a normal bow when viewed from the front, but also has a seperate lower section which joins the bottom of the back plate and the shoulder. When viewed from the side the gap between these two parts forms a perfect circular void. This sits on a solid semi-spherical protruding shoulder. The lower part of the brooch consists of a rectangular plate which sits near the back of the underside of the shoulder. It appears to be decorated with an incised border and possibly incised dot and rings. It has the remains of a protrusion on its lower edge which presumbably formed a loop. The catchplate runs the length of this section and has worn to a shallow arc. The brooch is very similar to eg. 1539 and 979 in Fig 190 of Hattatt's ancient brooches.

WILT-8FB352: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch, 2nd century AD. The brooch consists of the lower bow, the foot, broken catchplate and the two lateral lines at the top of the lower bow which would have been part of the central bow button. There is a ridge running down the lower bow but apart from the two lateral lines on the button there is no other decoration. The bow is bent towards the right hand side, when looking at the front and tapers from 6mm to 4mm from the top of the bow to the foot. The foot then measures 6mm in width. The catchplate is broken and only extends 4mm at its widest point. The brooch is 37mm in length and weighs 5.5g. cf. Hattatt (1989) pg328, no. 438b.

SWYOR-90F9E6: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch. The brooch is 52.2mm long, 21mm wide and 15.2mm thick. It is complete. The brooch has an oval trumpet mouth head which is decorated by a faint central ridge with an oval "eye-shaped" groove on each side. There is an acanthus button round the centre of the bow which continues round the back of the bow though it is not so neatly moulded on the reverse. It has three petals above and below a central band. There is a triple collar above and below the button. The lower bow is decorated with typical side-grooves and the foot is discoid and has three tiers. Behind the head of the brooch is a sprung pin which has three coils on each side of the attachment loop. The axis bar extends into a circular head loop which is secured by a plain band bent into a collar. The pin is still in situ except for the very tip which missing. The catchplate is complete. The silvery grey colour of the bow suggests that it was once silvered. The pin has a glossy dark green patina. The whole brooch is in excellent condition. Trumpet brooches are generally agreed to date from the first or second centuries (Snape, 1993).

YORYM-90D443: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy foot, possibly from a radiate- or rectangular-headed brooch. The object comprises a possibly zoomorphic terminal having an axe-shape in plan. This extends upwards into the upper part of the foot. The reverse shows the remains of the catchplate. The face is decorated with low-relief ridges. There is a dip in the face of the object coinciding with the catchplate. Above this is the break, where the bow starts to flare up and out.

YORYM-91A520: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy foot, probably of a cruciform brooch. The surviving portion of the foot shows a zoomorphic design of a stylised animal head, created with mouldings and ridges in relief. Behind the head the recessed face hides the catchplate. The object is broken just above the top of the catchplate and at the animal's snout on the terminal.

YORYM-91FCE3: BROOCH
Original identification (with the object type 'Personal Ornament'): Copper-alloy pendant, possibly of a 'Thor's Hammer' type. The object comprises a flat-sectioned, axe-shaped pendant. There is a perforation with iron inclusions at the top of the narrow 'axe base', this being the area located behind the flared edge of the axehead. The face is decorated with semicircles with dots in the centre. The reverse is not decorated. Helen Geake writes: An alternative identification for this object is that it is the repaired foot of a small-long brooch. The foot may have broken off, been tidied up and re-attached with the iron rivet, or it may have been newly made to replace a missing part. If so, it should date to the fifth or sixth centuries AD.

SWYOR-A306F6: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman plate brooch. The brooch is 28.5mm long, 24.9mm wide and 6.5mm thick. It is circular with eight projecting rounded lugs of which six survive. The breaks are not recent. The front of the brooch is decorated with three concentric circular cells for enamel. The centre cell, the outer cell and the lugs all contain large amounts of surviving red enamel. The remaining cell contains bright blue enamel. The enamel has survived in a remarkably good condition. Often enamel fades and takes on different colours in the ground, but this example appears not to have suffered. The reverse of the brooch is not decorated. It has an uneven dark green patina. There are remains of a hinged pin; a pair of pin lugs and part of the catchplate, but the pin is missing. The brooch is in very good condition. A very similar example is described in Snape (1993) "Roman Brooches from North Britain" on page 24. It and this example probably date from the second century.

WILT-B857F2: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Roman Langton Down type brooch, with elements of Hull's Classes A and B. The chord of the spring survives but the coils and pin do not. The brooch is very thin and the catchplate, although complete, is a little crumpled. The head is cylindrical and consists of two parts of metal extending from the front of the head, curling around at the back to house the spring. These are damaged and do not meet thoguh presumably they would have, or almost, originally. To one side the head is damaged and it is apparantly undeorated, although as all patina has been lost it is not for certain. The head measures 18.8mm wide and would have originally been c.20mm wide. The brooch is 70.4mm in length and the bow 12.6mm wide where it extends from the head, narrowing slightly in the middle to 9mm before widening a little to 9.4mm at the foot. The bow is very thin (1mm thick) and decorated with a pair of grooves running down the middle of the bow from head to foot. To the reverse the catchplate is large (22mm long) and extends from the centre of the bow. It has a single piercing 2mm in diameter roughly at the centre. The Langton Down type originated in Gaul before the conquest and arrived here soon after. Weighs 7.34g.

DENO-CC2EB5: BROOCH
Medieval brooch; Cast copper alloy ring brooch with inlaid turrets dating to the 14th century. The brooch has a basic circular shape with ‘turrets’ extending up from the base plate. The turrets are formed as cylinders of copper alloy and show indications of having been inlaid with glass or stones in the top of the cylinders. There are 8 tall turrets, evenly spaced around the ring. There are alternated with 7 smaller turrets, the gap being where the pin is bent around the brooch. The pin is still present and is in the form of a flat, narrow bar of copper alloy which is bent to it does not touches the edge of the brooch at a point which is not opposite its fixing point. It is unclear whether this bend is intentional or as a result of later damage. One of the smaller turrets retains its inlay in the form of a small piece of red-brown stone. The others show remnants of the fixant used to hold their inlays in place. The whole piece has a uniform, smooth, grey-green patina but the patina on the pin is of a much brighter green, indicating that it is formed of a different alloy to the main body of the brooch. Diameter 26.5mm, thickness (at taller turrets) 5.4mm, thickness (at smaller turrets) 4.2mm, width (pin) 2.2mm, thickness (pin) 1.2mm, weight 6.91g Refs: Norwich Households page 14-15 for illustrations and page 16 for discussion, brooch no 58. Benet page 356 brooch M07-0106

LEIC-0E83C3: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy small long brooch fragment, 45.3mm long, 25mm wide and 10.6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 10.28 grams. The object consists of a rectangular headplate which is decorated with a border of incised circles, 1mm in diameter. There are two triangular notches in the lower edge, one on each side of the bow. The bow is short, curved and has a flat triangular shaped terminal on each edge, the point of which joins the central ridge which runs its length. Below this the object is flat and rectangular in form with three raised horizontal lines running across it. just below this the brooch has snapped. The reverse of this section contains a small sub triangular catch plate and the head plate has two, originally, semi-circular lugs near its base.

WMID-128924: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman copper alloy disc brooch. The front of the brooch features two concentric ribs of decreasing diameter within the disc, and a raised border around the circumference. The inner rib stands in clear relief when the brooch is viewed in profile. The zone within the inner rib is recessed and contains a raised annular collar, around a central cavity, but soil and corrosion products obscure whether this is a central perforation. The two zones between the outermost ribs are decorated with a repeated SSS shaped punched design. A small portion of the outer border and zone are missing. The reverse of the brooch features a lug and catchplate. A gently raised line runs between the catchplate and the lug, with a small sub-annular cavity in the centre. The pin is missing. The brooch is 33.43 mm in diameter and weighs 11.67g. On the front of the brooch, there are traces of gilding on the two outer zones and on the ribs, but the brooch predominantly has a mottled light green surface. There are also areas with an unidentified black covering on the obverse, and more extensively on the reverse (white metal?). Based on parallels, this is likely to have been a gilded disc brooch with a central glass setting (see Bayley, J & Butcher, S, 2004, ‘Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection’ pp 134-5, and plate 7, between pages 48-9). Bayley & Butcher date this type of brooch to the third if not the fourth century, and probably manufactured in Britain since few are known from the Continent (Ibid. pp 178-9)

BERK-132E57: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Roman disc brooch with enamel decoration. The brooch is circular with peripheral lugs although the edges are poorly preserved. The surface is decorated with two concentric bands of enamel separated by raised circles of copper alloy and there is a central circular hollow which possibly contained a gem or further enamel. The inner enamel circle still contains traces of red and yellow enamel which is arranged alternately with a total of four blocks of red and four blocks of yellow. The outer band of enamel is of solid blue. On the reverse of the brooch two upstanding semi-circular lugs remain of the pin fitting. This brooch is dated to the 2nd Century AD. The Diameter is 27.2mm (inc. lugs), 20.2mm (exc. lugs). A similar brooch can be seen in Hattatt's 'A Visual Catalogue...Brooches', p.345, Fig.204, #531.

Incomplete Roman cast copper alloy T-shaped brooch with enamel decoration and intact hinged pin. The head of the brooch is roughly rectangluar in shape and figure-of-eight shaped in section so that a groove runs lengthways along the upper and lower surfaces. The main T-bar of the head is decoarted with 11 inter-locking triangles of enamel which alternate blue & red. The upper bow of the brooch is worn but appears to have traces of a foliate design with moulding along the edges. The lower portion of the bow is now twisted and slightly distorted but the original blue & red enamel interlocking triangles (as observed on the T-Bar) can still be seen running lengthways in two parallel rows. Below this at the foot of the bow is further moulding and it is possible that the item terminated with a knop as the foot is possibly incomplete. The cast-in triangular catchplate is still present but is now distorted and twisted to the right of the bow. Brooches of this type are tpically dated to the 1st-2nd Centuries. Similar examples can be seen in Hattatt's, 'Visual Catalogue...Ancient Brooches', p.304, Fig.163.

BERK-13F813: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Iron Age Brooch. The bow & pin were cast all-in-one but the pin is now missing. Three loops of the spring remain with the chord running behind. The bow of the brooch is a flat elongated triangle decorated with two rows of small punched squares running lengthways down each side of the bow. The bow narrows to a point at the foot and the triangular catchplate with rounded pin rest is still intact. Brooches of this type are tpically dated from the 1st Century BC to the 1st Century AD and have been categorised as La Tene III type brooches. A Similar example can be seen in Hattatt's, 'Visual Catalogue...Ancient Brooches', p.290, Fig.739.

Roman copper alloy bird? brooch, 37mm long, 22mm wide and 18.4mm high. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 6.82grams. It consists of an open loop which has rope effect decoration on its upper surface. At one end is a bird head protuding upwards with a small catchplate directly below it. it has a sub triangular tail and an eleborate rectangular protrusion which houses the hinge for the pin? Waiting for positive ID Sally investigating.

Early Medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, 44.8mm long, 9.2mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in poor condition with a brown patina and weighs 4.54grams The object consists of the lower part of a cruciform brooch which is missing a lot of its surface. It is rectangular in form and begins with a stylised animal head which is sub semi-circular in section and has bulging eyes. There is a rectangular area above it which may have a decorated border. The reverse shows the base of a long catchplate.

YORYM-21BE97: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch, probably the incomplete terminal of a cruciform brooch. The object comprises a zoomorphic terminal showing a stylised snout and eyes. Coming up from this terminal are two broken tags showing probable moulded bands of ridge and pellet decoration. Moving further up the central body of the brooch terminal are two further broken tags, one of which is more extended; this is right-angled in plan, and may once have connected to the tag below it, creating an openwork motif on the brooch.

CPAT-22E597: BROOCH
An incomplete Bow-and-Fantail brooch (the spring cover, axis-bar, suspension loop, spring and pin are missing). The remaining part of the narrow bow is 13mm long and has been twisted and flattened. The fantail foot (18mm long and max. 18mm wide) is decorated with a lozenge or star above a swirl pattern. The foot is slightly bent on one side. On the reverse is an incomplete catchplate. There are several areas of bronze disease visible overall. A very similar, complete example is illustrated as No.76 in Fig.42 of Hattat's 'Ancient and Romano-British Brooches', pp103 and is categorised as 'Collingwood's Group X'.

SUR-397B14: BROOCH
A fragment comprising the upper part of the bow and spring of a Roman brooch of Colchester two-piece type. There is a central groove along the bow.

HESH-3AC4C6: BROOCH
Possible cast lead alloy (pewter?) disc brooch of early medieval (later Anglo Saxon / 9th -10th Century) date (800-1000 AD). There is some debate as to whether this is actually part of a brooch or possibly a post medieval lead token; due to the large amounts of damage it is impossible to be certain of the identification. If the artefact is a brooch it would have originally been circular, however due to abrasion and plough damage, it is now more oval or sub-rectangular in plan and is slightly domed in profile. It measures 28.9mm length, 21.2mm width is a maximum of 3.4mm thick, and weighs 8.35 grams. The front face is decorated with a cast design which is much abraded. The overall design is based around a central raised boss, which is enclosed by a series of concentric circles formed from cast low relief curvi-linear ribs. The central boss is formed by a raised pellet. From the outer concentric circle a series of vertical and horizontal ribs extend. These are most clear to the left of the brooch. It is probable that these extend around the outer edge of the brooch but have been loss due to the damage described. The reverse face of the brooch is plain and undecorated. There is no evidence of either a hinge fitting or catchplate associated with a brooch. It is however, possible that these have been lost through abrasion. The brooch is a mid grey colour with an abraded patina. On most of the raised surfaces and on the edges the patina has been lost and light grey coloured powdery corrosion is present. On the broken edges lamination has started to occur. All of this damage is likely to be due to movement in the ploughsoil. Similar lead / pewter brooches have been recorded by the PAS (mostly in the east of the country) and it is suggested that the original designs for them are based on coins. A similar find from Shropshire has been recorded; however this example is clearly a brooch due to the fittings on the reverse (see HESH-C34EB7 for details). Weetch has allocated this brooch to her Type 32, other/unknown plate brooches.

SUR-3B7AA0: BROOCH
The upper part of a Roman brooch of Colchester type with a raised spine. The side wings each have a pair of roll mouldings.

LIN-4FDDE4: BROOCH
Incomplete enamelled copper alloy umbonate brooch. The brooch is circular, domed and has four lugs decorating the perimeter. The uppermost lug has a circular hole at the top to act as a chain loop. On the reverse of the uppermost lug are two lugs for a hinged pin. The face of the brooch is fine and decorated with two bands of inward pointing triangular cells set in a sunburst pattern, surrounding a circular cell in the centre. The circular cell is missing its enamel. The outer band of triangles contain blue enamel whereas the inner contains red enamel. The catchplate is intact. The pin is missing. The copper alloy surface has been silvered.

SWYOR-50A806: BROOCH
A copper alloy brooch dating from the Roman period. The brooch is a fantail brooch. It is 37.6mm long, 14.6mm wide and 13.1mm thick. There is a vertical groove on each wing. The back of the wings is tubular with an axis bar and a hinged pin. The head loop is broken. The tail is badly corroded and any decoration is obscured. The catchplate is also damaged. The metal is solid and has a deep green patinated. The pin is missing. The brooch probably dates from the first or second century (Hattatt, 2000).

A cast copper alloy Roman Colchester Two-Piece brooch. The lower portion of the catchplate remains. The catchplate is decorated with openwork, which is incomplete. The curved edge of the catchplate is complete, and only a small portion of the bow remains. This tapers to a blunt point at the foot. The breaks on the catchplate and bow are not recent breaks. The surface of the brooch has a mottled dark brown/green coloured patina. The brooch measures 23mm long from the foot to the upper edge of the catchplate and 10.96mm wide. It weighs 2.7g. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch. It dates to the Roman period, probably to the 1st to 2nd century.

WAW-9ECBE1: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy plate brooch in the form of an axe. The brooch is incomplete, with a large portion of the ‘axe handle’ missing. The break of the handle is possibly quite a recent break. The axe head component of the brooch is a sub asymmetrical trapezoid with a concave lower edge. The outer face of the axe is decorated with a crescentic shaped cell field with yellow enamel. The field above has traces of blue enamel. The handle, which protrudes from the lower edge of the axe forms a rectangular cell which has traces of a turquoise enamel. The reverse of the axe head has two parallel perforated lugs which form the hinge of the brooch pin and spring. There are two coils of the spring curled around the axis bar. The pin is missing and was probably broken quite recently. There surface of the brooch has patches of a brown/green patina, and patches of red copper corrosion. The surface is also quite abraded. The brooch measures 14.18mm long from the handle to the upper edge of the axe head and 20.28mm wide across the upper edge of the blade. It weighs 2.6g. The brooch is Roman, and Hattat (Hattat, R. 1989 Ancient Brooches and Other Artefacts Oxbow) illustrates a similar shaped and decorated brooch, No. 1629 and dates this to the second century. Three other axe shaped brooches have been recorded on the PAS database, two from Lincolnshire (LIN-D00147 and LIN-D004F2) and the third from Gloucestershire (GLO-C98155). Johns (Johns, C. 1996 The Jewellery of Roman Britain UCL Press p. 178)comments that axes are a type of object associated with different cults. The axe-shaped plate brooches may be used in the same as Medieval pilgrim badges, and are therefore associated with a shrine.

WAW-A01575: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Colchester Two-Piece brooch. The bow head and wings are incorporated together and in plan the bow head is a horizontal oval. On the reverse there is a rectangular shaped cell bordered on the sides by an integral perforated semi-circular lug which supports a copper alloy axis bar. Around the bar there is the remains of a spring, there are three coils to the spring. This pin is missing, and this is not a recent break. The upper edge of the bow head has an integral sub-rectangular protrusion with an integral circular loop at the upper edge. The rectangular component of the protrusion is decorated with two transverse horizontal grooves. The bow quickly narrows beneath the bow head and is triangular in section. The bow is broken above the mid point, and this break is not recent. The brooch has an abraded light grey/green coloured patina. It weighs 11.8g, and measures 19.41mm wide and 32.35mm long. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch, a Trumpet-headed type. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164).

WAW-A581A1: BROOCH
A complete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill type (Mackreth Group 5, Western Group,flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 5.b4.Plate 50. The wings are semi-cylindrical terminating with wing caps. The caps have a central perforation which supports a copper alloy axis bar. Around the axis bar the spring is coiled, the number of coils is not clear. The pin is broken. The wings are decorated with a five transverse grooves covering the wings. The bow head is not hump-like like usual Polden Hill type brooches, instead it is quite flat and is decorated with a short triangular ridge which has a perforation at the apex near the wings. This perforation would have held the spring chord in place. The bow head tapers to form the bow, which tapers to a blunt foot. The bow is a 'V' shape in section and has a ridge either side. The reverse of the bow has an integral catchplate which is complete and is decorated with triangular openwork. The bow is bent over with the wings touching the catchplate. The brooch has a mid green/grey coloured patina with traces of a white alloy coating. It measures 38.98mm long, 24.21mm wide and weighs 11.2g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

WAW-B62794: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 1.d. Plate 44, no. 12018. The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated wing caps at each terminal, which are slightly damaged. Through the perforations the copper alloy axis bar is supported. Around the axis bar, the spring is coiled 9 or 10 times. The pin has broken off from the brooch. The pin is circular in section and tapers to a blunt point. The wings are undecorated. The bowhead is hump-like in profile and is quite small in proportion with the wings. The bowhead is decorated with a central vertical groove which tapers as it travels down to the bow. The bow is oval in section and tapers to a blunt point. The catchplate is almost completely missing. What remains consists of two regular protrusions from the reverse of the bow. These protrusions suggest the catchplate was originally decorated with openwork. The surface ofthe brooch is in poor condition with active corrosion. It measures 61.5mm long, 25.34mm wide and weighs 10.15g. Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160) go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

LEIC-B99CE7: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, 40mm long, 8mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 5.48grams. The object forms the terminal of a cruciform brooch. It is rectangular in form and section and has a stylised animal head forming most of its surface. The object is very worn but the animal eyes can just be seen close to its centre.

SWYOR-BA3C73: BROOCH
A copper alloy annular brooch which is probably medieval in date. The brooch frame is oval and has a U shaped projection in the form of a snake’s head projecting from both of the longer sides. It is 36.2mm long, 23mm wide and 9.6mm thick. The frame is quite plain, sub-rectangular in section, with a notch in the back at one end of the oval where the pin would have rested. There is a slight bulge at the opposite end where the pin would have attached. The pin is now missing. The zoomorphic terminals project to the side and then bend forwards and over to form a U shaped hook at each side. They are clearly zoomorphic and pointed, making them look like snake’s heads. They are worn, but there are slight mouldings surviving on one which may be ears suggesting that perhaps they were originally intended to be dogs or some other animal. The brooch has a dusty light green and tan patina and there are remains of gilding. A fragment of a similar brooch is recorded on the PAS database as number WMID-CA8CF6 and another complete example is GLO-41E3A0 which is dated to the thirteenth century. A published brooch with some similarities is number 1335 in “Dress Accessories” by Geoff Egan. This has projections though they are not zoomorphic in the published example.

WAW-FB13A7: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46. The wings are semi-cylindrical with incomplete wing caps at each terminal. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated. At the junction of the bow head and the upper edge of the wings there is a small hook, which would have originally held the spring chord. The bowhead is hump-like in profile and is decorated with a feint high-relief 'Y' shape. The bow is undecorated and is sub-oval in section. The bow tapers to a blunt foot. The catchplate is missing. The surface of the brooch is heavily abraded and have lost its original patina. It measures 33.61mm long, 15.66mm wide and weighs 4g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 80 to 120 AD (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160). Bayley and Butcher go on to comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

A cast copper alloy brooch. The wings of the brooch are semi-cylindrical, with no wing caps. In the centre of the wings on the reverse there is an incomplete vertical lug with a central perforation. Above this lug to the bow head is a connecting band forming another void. This void may have held the horizontal chord originally and the perforated lug held the axis bar. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated and are slightly asymmetrical. The bow head is hump-like and in profile it rises above the upper edge of the wings. The bow head and bow are undecorated. The bow is oval in section and tapers to a broken point above the midpoint. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete dark green/grey patina. The brooch measures 21.3mm long from the bow head to the bow break, and 18.53mm wide across the wings. It weighs 5.2g. The object is a Colchester Two-Piece Brooch, a Dolphin type which dates to the late 1st to 2nd century AD (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries).

WILT-388FE5: BROOCH
Fragment of copper alloy and enamel Roman Dragonesque plate brooch. It consists of either the head or the foot and measures 17.4x10.8mm and weighs 1.47g. The fragment is decorated with a roughly central ring-and-dot. Traces of blue enamel reside in the 'dot'. The area around (the 'ring') is empty but would once have contained enamel. Extending from one side, an arm narrows and curves back on itself, to touch the fragment beside the ring-and-dot. The end of this arm is rounded and contains traces of a dark coloured enamel, probably blue. To the other side of the ring-and-dot the fragment widens into a circular shape. At the centre is a raised rib, curving in profile, and with a triangular notch cut away at the centre on both sides. The area on either side of the rib aappears to have traces of blue enamel. Between the latter two decorations on one edge is a broken extension, which would have linked the head or foot to the rest of the body. Dragonesque brooches date from the second half of the first century to the second century and are thought to be a British invention, probably being made in the north as this is where they proliferate.

A Roman copper alloy brooch.

BERK-4CEB31: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy Hod Hill brooch

LEIC-5C1F57: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch fragment, 68.4mm long, 50.4mm wide and 18.7mm thick (at bow) weight unknown. The brooch is good condition and has a good green patina. The brooch consists of a rectangular shaped head plate with two trapezoidal side plates, all plain. There are two integral semi circular(?) knops. The small bow has a triangular section with a visible ridge down its centre. Below this is a small section of rectangular bow which has two sub rectangular lappets, with central rounded protrusions, attached. At this point the brooch has snapped, probably due to plough damage. The reverse has traces of iron, probably from a pin (not shown). Recorded from Photograph.

LEIC-6054C1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch, 44mm long, 27mm wide and 13mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 10.57 grams. The object consists of the upper part of the brooch with an oval head bordered with a line of incised triangles. The bow emerges from the centre of the head and is sub-circular in section and has a shoulder decorated with an acanthus scroll. At this point the brooch has snapped off and is quite worn suggesting an old break. The reverse of the head contains a semi circular recess which is flanked by the remains of two semi-circular lugs which would have held the pin.

HAMP-63AB61: BROOCH
An incomplete and slightly corroded copper-alloy La Tène I Iron Age brooch (3rd-4th century BC). The brooch is broken at its head with the pin and half of the spring mechanism lost (H.: 18.3mm). However, in the extant pair of coils to one side is the remnant of the axis bar. From the head (Th.: 2.7mm) the bow curves through ninety degrees, expanding as it does so. Indeed, the profile of the bow is relatively angular compared with the more gradual arc of some. The bow reaches a maximum thickness of 6.15mm. It tapers into the foot which curves back on itself terminating in a circle. The integral catchplate survives well to the right (when looking with the bow uppermost). The bow is decorated with a shallow logitudinal ridge, possibly with the diagonal incisions of a rope pattern. The terminal boss may bear a ring and dot motif. The brooch can be compared with an example illustrated in Hattatt (1982, 54-55; ref. 4) of the 'Wessex type'. Hattatt states that this type has a local focus in South-East Wiltshire, although more recent finds show that the type spread beyond these bounds. This example has a dark grey patina with some slight pitting.

NCL-76F167: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy disc brooch of the late Early Medieval period, probably the 10th century. The brooch has a border of square beads with a beast (perhaps a stylised lion) in the centre. The beast is facing left looking back over its shoulder. The beast has a scaled neck, probably a mane, and a thick raised tail, and four legs with three toes each. The reverse of the brooch has an integrally case hinge fitting and catch plate. The hinge fitting is semi-circular with a rectangular perforation and bears iron corrosion from the hinge of the pin. The catch plate is a simple hook. Both features project perpendicularly from the underside of the brooch at approximately 90 degrees and 180 degrees, respectively. The patina is an uneven deep red and green colour.

NCL-771FB5: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy disc, probably a disc brooch of the middle Anglo-Saxon period. Only the plate remains, consisting of a decorated copper-alloy disc and central stud made of silver. The silver stud is faceted into a cube with rounded corners, attached by a shank through the centre of the faceplate disc. The disc is decorated with a broad band of interlace in 8th-century style, and the face was gilded, though only a few small specks are visible. One edge of the disc has broken, leaving a relatively straight line for a break. Two circular perforations pierce the interlace band on opposide sides of the disc. The reverse of the plate is featureless. The two perforations are likely to be for attaching a one-piece pin and catchplate, as on a brooch from Leicestershire, now in the Ashmolean Museum (Webster and Backhouse (eds) 1991, no. 186). Another (less likely) possibility is that the object is the head of a pin, but no scar remains of the pin shaft, unless this is the reason for the break in the plate. Compare NARC-E11208, another brooch with riveted pin, which also has a silver rivet in the centre but four zones of interlace separated by reserved dotted bands.

NCL-7880B3: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy annular brooch of the Medieval period. The brooch is gilded and complete with it's pin. The frame is circular and undecorated. The pin tapes to a slightly hooked point, but has a discoid collar at its base, separating it from the loop hinge.

BERK-CAC622: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman Brooch. Triangular catchplate only survives. Dated broadly to the Roman period, due to lack of diagnostic indicators.

NARC-CBA2F2: BROOCH
Late Iron Age/Early Roman brooch: An incomplete Colchester brooch, dating to the mid-1st century AD. What remains of the spring mechanism consists of two turns,while the bow is unusually straight, and is decorated with marginal lines and traces of fluting. The catchplate is trianagular, unperforated, and incomplete. The brooch is in good condition, but has a patchy green patina. L 59.2mm W 10.0mm Th 1.2mm Mass 2.7g.

NARC-CBC282: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy Late Iron Age to early Roman Langton Down brooch. The brooch is incomplete as the lower bow and foot, as well as the pin are missing. The spring cover is cylindrical, and the bow flat-backed. The spring is bilaterally turned, with 4 coils visible to the left (right-hand side unclear). On the obverse of the brooch, there is a single transverse groove along the join between bow and spring cover, and 7 longitudinal grooves (characteristic of Langton Down type brooches)running down the length of the bow. This brooch fragment measures 17.9mm in surviving length and 18.8mm in width. It weighs 4.3g.

BERK-CC5332: BROOCH
Roman cast copper-alloy brooch fragment. T-shaped bow brooch with, now broken, head stud loop. Only the cross-bar and a fragment of the bow survive. The, now lost, pin was originally hinged and the remains of this hinge can be seen on the reverse. An angular ridge & groove design can be seen on the bow with traces of surface gilding still remaining. Brooches of this type are typically date from the 1st to 2nd centuries (c.43-200 AD.).

BERK-D1E3C7: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy Roman brooch fragment. Head of brooch and small length of bow only remain with the remanant of a hinged pin still in place on the reverse. The brooch is of typical T-shaped design and is possibly of Langton Down type with a design of linear grooves running down the length of the bow with traces of silvering still evident. This brooch is provisionally dated to the 1st to 2nd centuries AD (Early Roman: c.43-200 AD).

WILT-DD15B3: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy La Tène III type brooch, missing its lower bow and catchplate, and part of its spring, chord and entire pin. The brooch is 47mm in length and weighs 6.59g. Peculiar is the inclusion of an axis bar inside the spring, made of iron and rather corroded. This is the widest part at 10.7mm although only half the spring survives (two coils). The bow tapers from 8.5mm wide below the spring (where it projects horizontally) to 1.5mm at the broken foot (to which it drops vertically). Decoration is on the top half of the bow and consists of two grooves with outward-turning ends at the top of the bow, joining in a V at the median point of the bow. As the bow drops the space between the lines is filled with tiny diagonal incised lines. Below, and roughly half way along the bow below the joining grooves, are three horizontal grooves occupying the entire width. The patina is smooth, shiny and blueish green in colour. The break at the lower bow looks recent while on the chord it looks older.

WILT-DE0B25: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy T-shaped brooch, c. 1st to 2nd century AD. The brooch measures 49mm in length and is 21mm across the wingspan with the widest part of the bow measuring 1mm which tapers to 5mm before the foot. The catchplate extends out by 8mm to the back of the brooch. The brooch weighs 11.3g. The brooch is similar in design to both the T-shape sawfish type and the Hull's type 144 brooches in Hattatt (1985 and 1987). It has a solid cast chain loop, similar to the sawfish type, at the top of the brooch which is then followed by tubular wings which would have encased the pin (missing). The wings have a single incised lateral line at each end with two raised lines either side of them. A feature similar to the sawfish type brooch is the series of 'teeth' or nodules on either side of the bow. This brooch only has three nodules on either side which are in line with the top, middle and bottom of the lonzenge decoration on the bow. Many sawfish type brooches have the nodules all the way down the bow. The lozenge decoration is at the centre of the bow and is formed by 4 central lozenges with three triangles running down each side of these. The decoration is underneath a crest which is similar to the 'recumbent dog' (Hattatt, 1985, pg118), another feature common to sawfish type brooches. However this brooch differs in that it does not have the circular knob as the foot but has a foot similar to the Hull's type 144 brooches of 4 incised horizontal lines, 2 of which are where the foot widens. Other decoration on the brooch is in the form of a border which frames the bow and tapers to a triangular shape at the top of the bow. Inbetween the wings and the bow there is a gap which contains two horizontal lines. The catchplate extends half way up the back of the bow with and raised line running horizontally on the top and bottom of the curl of the catchplate. The brooch is C shaped in cross section and has a smooth, green patina.

WILT-F14285: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy T-shaped plate-headed brooch with hinge-mechanism, missing its lower bow, catchplate, the majority of the chain loop and the shank of the pin. It measures 45.4mm in length and weighs 15.76g. The tubular wingspan is 27mm. The axis bar is visible at the centre inside the loop of the pin. The head plate is rectangular in shape, measuring 27x10.9mm. It extends 6mm above the wings. The break on the chain loop is worn and old. The bow projects forwards on a downward slant, turning into a vertical drop. At this point is a triangular projection at the centre of the bow, standing 3mm high. To either side a deep groove flanks the edges of the bow, to one side deeper and at more of an angle than the other. The bow narrows from 18.4mm below the head to 13mm at the old break. 2nd century in date.

WAW-F4E452: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman Colchester Two-Piece brooch. Only the lower portion of the bow remains of the brooch. The bow is broken a approximately the midpoint. The bow is oval in section but it is also slightly misshapen and undulating. There is an incomplete catchplate which is decorated with triangular openwork. The bow tapers to a slender blunt point. The brooch measures 43.61mm long and 6.77mm wide across the bow and weighs 7g. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch. but probably dates to the first or second centuries (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries).

LVPL-F52FB5: BROOCH
Roman cast copper alloy skeumorphic type swastika brooch. The brooch is complete with the pin and catch mechanism still in place. The pin is on a hinge and has seized up with age/corrosion. The catch consists of a hook set at 90degrees to the lower arm. A very similar example can be seen in Hattatt's book (1987; 222-225; no. 1145). This type of brooch generally dates to the second half of the second century running into the 3rd century AD. The swastika, the 'crux gammatica' (a cross formed from 4 Greek capital gamma characters) was widely used long before the Christian period, possibly in pagan religious contexts. It did however continue in use into the early Christian period as a veiled symbol of the Cross (Hattatt; 1987; 222).

DENO-F64A88: BROOCH
Iron Age brooch; Cast copper alloy simple fibula brooch of late Iron Age or early Roman date (1st century AD). The brooch has a coil of wire to hold the pin and which thereby forms the wings of the brooch. The bow of the brooch is a simple, unornamented band which tapers to the foot. There is no extant decoration. Pin and catchplate missing. Span (back of head to foot) 27.1mm, estimated length (if straightened) 52mm, width (at head) 10.3mm, thickness 3.1mm, weight 4.23g Ref: Hattatt, page 296 (fig 155), esp brooch 250

DENO-060C66: BROOCH
Roman brooch; Cast copper alloy umbonate brooch with blue enamel, dating to the 2nd century. The brooch has a humped, circular body inlaid with triangular cells of blue enamel There are two rings of triangular cells forming a radiate design around a central circular hollow. The inner ring is of small, narrow triangles while the outer ring has larger, broader triangles. There is a deep, incised line around the central hump of the brooch and a narrow border of metal, in a flat plane, beyond that. The border is also circular but extends with a small lug on either side of the brooch as well as a knop at the top and a suspension loop at the bottom. The pin, which is hinged, is attached behind the suspension loop and there is a short catchplate behind the top knop. The catchplate is curled over at the top. This brooch is virtually complete with pin, catchplate and lugs all present and in excellent condition. Length 33.1mm, width 25.5mm, thickness (inc pin) 10.8mm, weight 5.66g Ref: Hattatt, page 350 (fig 209), brooches 1061, 536, 1060, 128 & 1067

Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy saucer brooch. The brooch is circular in plan, and is missing its upturned rim. The upper surface has cast decoration comprised of a raised central boss surrounded by six running spirals. There is a wide field around the spirals which is plain and undecorated. There is a small amount of gilt surviving on the upper surface. The reverse of the brooch has a double lug with the corroded remains of an iron pin in the space between the lugs. These lugs are sub-rectangular in plan with a curved upper edge. The catchplate is complete and is rectangular with a recurved top edge. There is no iron staining on the reverse of the brooch except on the double lugs. The edge of the brooch is worn, and it has been slightly bent. It has a diameter of 36.29mm, the plate is 1.20mm thick. The catchplate is 5.45mm long, 1.86mm thick and increases the overall thickness of the brooch to 7.15mm. The double lugs are 7.01mm long, and each lug is approximately 2mm thick. The lugs are spaces 4.21mm apart. The lugs increase the overall thickness of the brooch to 8.37mm. The brooch weighs 10.2 grams. The brooch has an even mid-green patina, and both surfaces have been slightly scratched.

ESS-0976B1: BROOCH
Early Roman (50-80AD) two-piece Colchester brooch, cast in copper alloy. The curved wings are damaged and incomplete. At the rear of the wings is a centrally cast vertical lug with two perforations for the axis bar and chord of the now missing pin. The bow has a central ridge with concave moulded in either side. The brooch forms a continuous curve in profile, and has a deep triangular catchplate on the reverse of the leg. The catchplate is complete, and has a moulded groove close to the rolled over catch to help secure the pin. The brooch has a small amount of a dark black-green patina surviving, while the majority of the surface is a patchy mid-green colour. The surface is worn. The brooch is 34.34mm long, 11.47mm wide across the broken wings, and 5.35mm wide across the bow and foot. The rear spring lug is 7.50mm long, and 2.54mm thick. The bow is 12.66mm deep and 2.29mm thick. The catchplate is 16.71mm long, 9.52mm wide and 1.98mm thick. The brooch weighs 4.8 grams.

Early Roman (40-70AD) Hod Hill brooch. Cast in copper alloy the brooch is incomplete. It has a broken rolled over hinge containing traces of corroded iron. The bow is comprised of mouded decoration which is in the form of two raised horizontal ridges just below the rolled hinge. The bow then expands out into a square with a central raised vertical ridge, and a ridge on each outer edge. The bow has a further two horizontal ridges before tapering towards the foot. There is a worn break at the base of the foot. The remains of the cast catchplate are on the reverse of the foot. The catch now appears sub-rectangular in profile, but would have originally been sub-triangular. There are three evenly spaces holes in the catchplate. The brooch is dull red-brown in colour with some patches of green copper corrosion. The brooch is 48.28mm long, 13.53mm wide at the head, 11.27mm wide at the centre of the bow and 3.01mm wide at the foot. The brooch is 3.46mm thick, increasing to 6.61mm to incorporate the catch plate. It weighs 4.6 grams.

Medieval (1250-1450AD) cast copper alloy circular buckle with incomplete pin. The frame has a recessed strap bar for the pin and a depressed pin rest. The frame has an oval cross section. The pin is folded copper alloy and has a worn break. The buckle has a dark grey-green patina and the surface is worn. The frame measures 23.25mm by 23.29mm, is 2.06mm thick and weighs 2.7 grams.

WILT-0BDF28: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy brooch with characteristics of the lion-bow's plate bow and the trumpet derivative's head. It is slightly bent across the middle of the 'plate' bow. Measures 59.4mm in length and weighs 17.32g. The wings are damaged but would have been tubular. In shape they are slightly crescentic. The wings are incomplete in span, but measure 18mm. Originally they were probably c.20mm. The top of the bow extends downwards. It is rectangular in section and 9.2mm wide at the wings, narrowing to 6.6mm wide over 11mm. The narrower end projects onto a D-shaped plate, horizontally set. Below and to the back of this, the straight of the D, the 'plate' bow extends, 13.5mm at the top, widening to c.20.6mm (the bottom is damaged) over 39.8mm. This area has the remains of ?enamel in the lower half, but this would have covered the entire area, which is lower than the rim on the long edges. At the base of the bow is a ribbed foot knob, which is rounded and D-shaped in section. It is 6mm long, 5.2mm wide and 3.5mm thick. The reverse of the bow has a 1.6mm wide rib running from the top and extending into the catchplate. 1st/ 2nd century in date.

YORYM-5ACDC7: BROOCH
Cast and carved disc brooch dating from the Early Medieval period. The object comprises a flat-sectioned disc with carved and gilt decoration. The decoration is located within the confines of a band of metal, this being the rim of the brooch; the decorative elements were carved, leaving raised lines in the metal. The motif comprises two spirals, separated from each other and the lower half of the motif. The lower half of the motif comprises two outward-facing trumpet-shaped cells with smaller spirals underneath. Traces of gilding survive in across the face of the brooch. There is a perforation at the point of one of the trumpet-shaped cells. The reverse of the object is not decorated; there is a scar located at the nine o'clock position (with the perforation at the twelve o'clock position). This scar is more likely to be the area where something was previously attached (perhaps a catch) than modern damage.

LEIC-5E26B0: BROOCH
Late Iron age/early Roman copper alloy le Tene III brooch, 51mm long, 26mm wide and 5mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 7.82grams. The object is missing its spring and pin. It has a sub circular section and is curved. Its lower edge flattens out into an incomplete catchplate, which has a triangular form and part of a circular hole visible near its broken edge. The upper part of the brooch narrows and it has snapped just where it begins to curl back on itself to form the spring. The brooch matches example 12 in Fig.149 in Hattatt's ancient brooches.

LEIC-5E77F3: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy and enamel plate brooch, 21mm in diameter and 3mm thick. The object is in poor condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.51grams. The brooch is round and has concentric raised ridges and red enamel infill, It begins with an area of red enamel which is bordered by the remains of a narrow raised ridge. Inside this is another area of red enamel which butts up against a wide flat area of metal. In its centre is a circular void which may have held more enamel or perhaps a stone?. Its reverse has a semi-circular lug and part of a spring casing, though no spring or pin are present. The brooch is similar to Hattat page 344 examples 1027/8.

LEIC-604DE5: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Scandinavian) copper alloy disc brooch, 18mm long, 15mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in poor condition with a reddish patina and weighs 5.59grams. The brooch, which would have been circular in form, is missing nearly all of its orginal surface and is badly worn. It clearly shows its Borre knot design of a central circular depression surrounded by a concaved sided lozenge motif, which has from each corner double strand interlace emerging in a knotted formation. The reverse of the brooch contains a turned catchplate aligned with the edge of the brooch and opposite this on the same alignment are the remains of a lug, now just visible as two small projections. The brooch is of the East Anglian Series Type I , Kershaw, J. F, 2013.

HAMP-6140F1: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman trumpet-headed 'fly' brooch (2nd century AD). The bow, trumpet-shaped head, pin and enamel inlay are missing. The surviving parts of the brooch, comprising the leg and foot knob, are in the form of an insect’s wings and head. The wings have a maximum width of 17.45mm and are triangular in plan as if the insect, probably a fly, is in a resting pose. The bulbous foot knob represents the head. Each wing has a semi-circular recess to accommodate enamel. The straight side of the cells face outwards and the curved sides are inward facing. Below these cells and just above the thorax, is a central cell in the shape of an inverted heart. All three cells are empty and there is no indication as to the colour of the missing enamel. The thorax, separating the wings and head, is in the form of a small transverse rib. The bulbous head is tri-lobed, two of the lobes representing eyes and the third lower and central lobe acting as the front of the head and mandible. The rear of the brooch is flat, except for the remains of the catchplate which is situated along the longitudinal centre-line. The catchplate is now abraded, sub-triangular in form, and extends up the brooch for c. 11.2mm. Along the top edge, at the centre, is an old break, where the missing bow would have joined. The piece is in good condition and has a patchy dark grey-green patina. The raised elements on the upper surface have a greyer, more metallic sheen, and it is possible that the front of the brooch at least was tinned or silvered but that this has worn off, leaving just a hint of the former coating. A number of trumpet-headed 'fly' can be found illustrated in Hattatt (2000, 329; fig. 188). The closest in form, based on the shape of the cells, can be found in Hattatt (1987, 141; ref. 975). In addition a very similar brooch has been recorded on this database - IOW-8723E4.

LIN-71FB55: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper Anglo-Saxon cruciform or small long brooch. The brooch has an incomplete headplate that is missing its entire original perimeter. Only part of the upper bow survivies, which has a double incised collar above, a groove down the centre, and a facet to either side.

LIN-7206E6: BROOCH
Possible fantail foot from an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The brooch foot is flat, triangular and broken at the top. There is no decoration on the surface and no catchplate on the reverse. The absence of a catchplate makes this more likely to be Anglo-Saxon, since Roman bow and fantail brooches have catchplates on the reverse of the fantail.

LIN-720EC2: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy headstud brooch. The brooch has semi-circular wings in cross-section. The spring and pin are missing. There is an incomplete suspension loop at the top of the bow, and a moulded pellet in ring below it. The rest of the object is missing below the headstud.

Incomplete copper alloy brooch. The brooch has a flat headplate however the entire original perimeter is missing. Only the upper part of the narrowly arched bow survives. The bow is undecorated. It is uncertain whether the brooch is Roman or Anglo-Saxon in date; the field in which this object was found has produced objects from both periods.

YORYM-71F254: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch dating from the Late Iron Age to Early Roman period. The head resembles the head of a trumpet brooch; the pin extends out of the reverse of the head. The pin appears to have been soldered into a square hole in the head. Below the head, the bow starts as a series of horizontal ridges of alternating thick and narrow ridges, including the central ridge. The central horizontal ridge appears to have been a post-manufacture addition; this is loose, and the join is visible. Below this ridge, the foot begins as a tapering, slightly concave length of copper alloy with low-relief longitudinal ridges. The catchplate begins on the reverse of the foot; it starts as a regular ridge where the foot begins below the horizontal ridges. The catchplate resembles a narrow harp with an opening in the centre.

WILT-731BA8: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch, c. 2nd century AD missing the pin. The brooch measures 24mm in diameter and weighs 3.2g. The brooch consists 3 concentric rings and 3 concentric raised rings, with the second flat ring containing 16 dots. The outer ring has a trace of green or possibly clear enamel, hard to establish as the general patina of the brooch is green. The central circle shows the outline of an enamel dot however the enamel has not survived. The reverse of the brooch has two lugs opposite one another to hold the pin and the small catchplate which has been completely bent towards the back of the brooch. The brooch itself has been slightly bent in the middle making it look slightly concave. cf. Hattatt, 1989 no.1564A.

WILT-7373C1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch, c.1st-2nd century AD, missing the pin. The brooch measures 44mm in length and is 11mm at its widest part. It weighs 10.1g. The head of the brooch is semi-circular and has the spring mechanism on the reverse with the pin broken off. There are two diagonal lines, either side of where the bow extends from the head, running from the bottom of the brooch intowards the centre. The bow then extends out from the head at an almost 45 degree angle and has a raised line running down the centre towards the button. There is a raised central button with lateral lines either side of it and then a deep groove either side of it as well. Above and below these grooves are lesser raised lines. The bow then tapers to the foot which consists of two raised lateral lines. To the reverse of the lower bow is the catchplate which extends 9mm out to the back of the brooch. The rest of the reverse of the brooch is plain and undecorated. cf. Hattatt, 1989, nos. 437 and 438.

BH-5CA1DA: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Colchester derivative, double pierced lug, Harlow type brooch dating to the Roman period (c. AD 50-80). The brooch comprises the wings, spring, central lug upper bow and lower bow. The foot, catch plate and pin are missing. The wings are crescentic in shape and decorated with a short square step either side of the bow and a very worn groove at the end of each wing. The reverse is hollow where the spring sits. The spring itself consists of a single piece of circular-sectioned copper-alloy wire in seven coils; four one side of the central lug, along with a fifth forming the broken pin, and three the other. The cross bar that would have connected the two ends of the spring together is broken on both sides but remains in place through the upper perforation of the central lug. The axis bar around which the spring is coiled also survives and is secured through the lower hole of the central lug. The bow extends from the top edge of the wings, curving steeply in on itself. It is broadly D-shape in cross-section, with a shallow horizontal groove between the top and the lug behind. The bow narrows and thins towards the very worn rounded break. The surfaces of the brooch have a mid-green patina with patches of light green where small patches of the metal have laminated on the bow and wings. The brooch measures 15.5mm long. The wings are 19.8mm wide and 2.2mm diameter. The spring is 4.2mm diameter. The top of the bow is 5.3mm wide and 3.8mm thick, and 2.2mm wide and 2mm thick at the break. The brooch weighs 4.19 grams. For a similar brooch see Mackreth 2011, vol. 2, p. 37, plate 34, no. 1376.

LEIC-75C9C6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 38mm long, 16mm wide and 14mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 4.72grams. The brooch consists of semi-circular wings which are missing the spring and pin. The bow is circular in section and is plain it has the remains of a catchplate near its base which is about 12mm long.

WILT-75AD76: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), c.f. Mackreth 2011, 5.c. Plate 50. The wings are C-shaped in section with side lugs projecting backwards to hold the (now missing) spring mechanism. To the front, the wings are decorated with three grooves flanking either end. This creates two ribs, the outermost of which is made up of tiny horizontal ribs on top of each other. The bow extends from the top of the wings and curves downwards to meet a horizontal edge from the bottom of the wings. The bow is 10.5mm wide at this point with a raised rib on the outside edge and a rib of tiny horizontals next to it. At the centre two high ribs extends from either side of the forward-facing hook outwards, to a point where the bow is 7mm wide. These two widths, 10.5mm and 7mm, create steps along the bow. Emerging from the lower, between inverted V ribs, is a D-sectioned bow 3.5x3.4mm. This narrows to an almost pointed foot. The catchplate extends top the rear and is missing its curl. It is missing its spring mechanism and pin. It measures 50.5mm in length and weighs 9.56g. The wingspan is 24.4mm.

LIN-89CE55: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy headstud brooch. The brooch is complete and is in a good state of preservation. The wings are cylindrical in cross-section and have flat wing faces. The wings contain an iron axis bar. The pin is complete and intact. There is an integral suspension loop at the top that has a narrow strip of copper alloy wrapped around it at the base forming a decorative collar. The collar is decorated on the front with an indented row of hash marks. Both wing faces are decorated with two outward pointing triangular cells filled with blue enamel. The bow has a moulded crest along the top leading from the suspension loop to a moulded pellet-in ring headstud. The bow is comma shaped in plan and rectangular in cross-section. The face of the bow is decorated with three moulded ribs down the centre. The foot is reeled and the catchplate is intact.

NCL-9C1035: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy annular brooch of the Medieval period. The hoop is circular in section with 2 projecting animal (lion?) heads set opposite each other and facing opposite directions. A narrowing of the frame provides a pin constriction, and the pin is complete with a simple wrap-around flattened section for the hinge.

HESH-9C3FD1: BROOCH
An incomplete fragment of a copper alloy Roman Trumpet brooch dating from 45 - 150AD. The fragment consists of the head and upper part of the bow of the brooch. The head of the brooch is complete, oval in plan, and tapers into the bow. The reverse of the head has a cast projecting D shaped bar which divides the head into two parts. This bar is also complete, relatively thick, and has small indents where a circular pierced hole should be. This hole would contain / aid the fixing of a turned spring. There is no evidence of a spike or head loop at the head of the brooch. The bow of the brooch is D shaped in cross section. At the mid-point of the bow are the remains of two (probably originally three) cast mouldings. These mouldings are relatively plain and simple in design. The front of the central moulding has a small recessed panel, presumably to take an enamel infill (which is now lost). Beneath the central moulding the brooch is broken. The break is relatively smooth and worn. The patina suggests damage in antiquity. It is possible that the break at this point is not a break and is in-fact caused by an air bubble in the mould – making this brooch a miscast. The reasons for this are the very smooth nature of the break and the lack of a pierced hole through the central lug – suggesting that the brooch was not finished. The brooch is of a mid green brown colour with an abraded but polished patina which covers all surfaces. A number of similar brooches of this type can be seen in Richard Hattatt’s Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches; page 326-328 All the brooches in this section are dated to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. The brooch fragment measures 21.1mm in length, 9.7mm width (across head), 5.9mm width (across bow), and is 7mm thick (across bow). The D shaped lug on the reverse of the head is 3.8mm thick. The fragment weighs 6.11 grams.

NCL-9C54C0: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy headstud brooch of the Roman period. The brooch is largely complete, though missing its pin and suffering from corrosion. The brooch has square-sectioned arms with a cast integral loop at the top of the head. The bow is decorated down its length from the casting, but also supplemented by enamel. The decoration consists of triangle/triscales in a circle, with one above the headstud and 3 below it. The topmost triscale is decorated with blue enamel. The headstud is also filled with blue enamel. The pin was attached with a simple hinge.

SWYOR-9E85E4: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman fibular brooch which is 35.4mm long, 21.1mm wide and 15.3mm thick. The brooch has a simple tapering bow which appears not to be decorated though it is chipped in places. The wings are short and seem to be little more than projecting rounded knops. There is a thick headloop, the majority of which is missing, and a band of square beading across its base. Behind the wings is the tubular housing for the pin which appears to have been hinged, though is now badly corroded. Traces of the catchplate survive, but not the pin. This brooch does not easily fit into the broad categories of Roman fibular brooches, and a close parallel cannot be found. However, it has similarities with T-shaped brooches in Richard Hattatt's "Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches" (2000). The brooch has a deep brown and dark green patina.

SWYOR-9E9232: BROOCH
A copper alloy incomplete Roman bow and fantail brooch. The object is 31.2mm long, 16.3mm wide and 4.1mm thick. Only the lower half of the bow survives consisting of a central roundel above which is an ancient break, and the flaring fantail. The catchplate partially survives. The roundel has a raised outer ring and a concave centre, in the middle of which is a raised pimple. The brooch has a deep green patina. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's "Visual catalogue of Ancient Brooches" (2000) and are dated to the first or second century.

SUR-9EC392: BROOCH
An extremely worn fragment probably reresenting the upper part of a Roman bow brooch.

SUR-9ECBA6: BROOCH
An extremely worn fragment probably reresenting the central part of a circular plate brooch of Roman date. One side has the remains of a white metal coating but no other details are present.

NCL-B0E4D2: BROOCH
A complete annular brooch of Medieval date. The brooch consists of a circular hoop and pin. The hoop is square in section with the only defining feature notable as two thickenings of the hoop on opposite sides. The pin is attached by a simple hinge with a length of 22.35mm and 1.41mm thick.

NCL-B11207: BROOCH
The cast copper-alloy foot of a cruciform brooch of the early Anglo-Saxon period. The foot has a horse head terminal, starting with a moulding or collar at the top which is decorated with engraved lines. Below this are pellet eyes, a central nasal ridge and rounded, raised end that represents a pair of fused nostrils. The angled upper edge of the nostrils is embellished with engraved lines.

SWYOR-F12876: BROOCH
A copper alloy brooch dating from the Iron Age period; a La Tene brooch. The brooch is damaged with only the bow and part of the spring surviving. It is 50.1mm long, 20.1mm wide from the front to the back of the brooch, and 4.4mm thick across the width of the bow. The bow is moulded into lozenge shaped areas divided by a faintly recessed X. It tapers to the foot, but the foot itself is missing so its form is unknown. The catchplate survives and is a solid triangular plate, though the turn-up is missing. At the top of the bow the metal narrows and is twisted into a spring. This would have had two turns on each side of the bow, but the spring is damaged and all but one turn is distorted. The pin does not survive. The brooch has a dark brown patina. It probably dates from the first two centuries BC. Similar brooches can be seen in “Richard Hattatt’s Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches”.

SWYOR-F14A54: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman headstud brooch. The brooch is not complete; the foot and the pin are missing. The surviving part is 35.7mm long, 24.1mm wide and 10.9mm thick. It has a cast crest which appears to have a piece of wire running under it. This was probably part of the same wire that formed the spring. However, the pin appears to have been hinged. The top of the pin is trapped between two loops cast with the bow that act as the spring housing, but only the axis bar passes through the loops. The spring appears only to be on the outer sides of the loops. The axis bar would probably have extended to form a head loop, but this is missing. The spring thus appears to be decorative rather than functional. This has been recorded on brooch number 14 in "Roman Brooches from North Britain" by Snape (1993). The front of the wings are decorated with transverse ridges in the angles, and a very small lozenge shaped cell filled with blue enamel surrounded by four cells forming a square filled with red enamel on each wing. Traces of a similar but extended design survive on the front of the bow. The head stud is an oval recess on the front bow. It is unclear whether or not a further element would have fitted into this hole. The catchplate does not survive. The brooch has a deep green patina. It dates from the first century AD.

NARC-F6CB77: BROOCH
Late Iron Age / Early Roman bow brooch: A fragment from the catchplate and lower bow of a copper alloy brooch, probably of the Colchester or Colchester derivative type. The bow is slender and flat in section, while the catchplate is an extended, subtriangular area, with a folded edge and a single cicular perforation (diameter2.5mm). This is characteristic of brooches of the 1st century AD. The fragment is well preserved, with a patchy green patina.

NARC-F6D347: BROOCH
Early Roman brooch: an incomplete copper alloy brooch of the Polden Hill type with flat wing ends. The brooch has a gently curving, undecorated bow, and is in good condition, but the spring and pin have been lost, and the thin catchplate has been truncated. Nonetheless, the spring casing, complete with the covered ends (pierced for receipt on an iron axis bar) is preserved, and this allows the brooch to be identified as being of Polden Hill type, which dates to the period AD 50 and 70, and is best represented in the south of England. This example has a greatest length of 33.6mm, is 12.2mm wide across the wings, and 11.1mm deep from front to back. It weighs 3.4g. It is in good condition, with a pale green surface colour, and patches of iron corrosion, particularly in the spring casing (and presumably relating to the now lost iron axis bar)

LEIC-18D3B7: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy head stud brooch fragment, 33mm long, 13mm wide and 8mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a greyish patina and weighs 3.95 grams. The object consists of the upper part of a headstud brooch which has short circular sectioned hinged wings and is missing its central loop. The upper part of the bow is present and is rectangular in secion and c. 6mm wide, it has triangular protrusions on each side which flank a central circular recess, 5mm in diameter. below this the brooch is plain and has snapped cleanly.

LEIC-1A2DB8: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet? brooch fragment, 33mm long, 5mm wide and 13mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a greyish patina and weighs 2.94 grams. The object consists of the lower part of a brooch which has a triangular sectioned strainght bow with a stepped semi-circular foot. The catchplate which is intact is distinctive, having a sub rectangular form. It has a gently sloping upper edge which merges into the bow and its base protrudes straight out for 5mm before its 'catch' slopes gently outwards. Given this form I would say it is from a trumpet or derivitive brooch.

LEIC-1AE832: BROOCH
Late Iron age/early Roman copper alloy Le Tene III brooch, 40mm long, 12mm wide and 3mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.58grams. The brooch has a distinct one piece spring and upper pin which has a circular section. Its bow is slightly curved and near its base the brooch becomes sub-rectangular in section. It has snapped off at the begining of the catchplate and there is no trace of the pin.

LEIC-1B80C1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy polden hill brooch, 31mm long, 26mm wide and 13mm deep. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 9.17grams. The brooch has semi-circular sectioned wings but is missing its spring. The bow is circular in section and begins with the distinct crescent shaped protrusions at each side which join it to the wings. It has raised decoration on its upper part, which is damaged but appears to be made up of raised ridges running in a line down the bow. The bow is quite damaged and has snapped about half way down its length.

LEIC-1BF711: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy small-long brooch, 42mm long, 25mm wide and 7mm thick, the brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 4.27grams. Around the head plate are the remains of three projections which were originally circular with central perforation to produce an annular shape.

GLO-1D1F07: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman disc brooch diameter 21mm, thickness 5mm, weight 2.95g. The brooch is circular, flat and has an elaborate decoration on the front. There are six circles evenly spaced around the brooch, each joined by a inwardly curved line. The field outside of the line is filled with dark blue enamel. The field inside the curved line is filled with red enamel. In the centre of the brooch is a circle of copper alloy. There is a catchplate on the reverse and a panel where two lugs would have been soldered into the reverse. This artefacts dates to the 2nd century AD.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment, 16mm long, 15mm wide and 11mm deep. The brooch is in poor condition with a brown patina and weighs 3.73grams. The brooch has short circular sectioned wings which contain a spring of eight coils. The bow is circular in section and has a raised ridge running down its centre which has horizontal incisions at regular intervals.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch, of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands). It is 22mm long, 20mm wide and 12mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 4.56 grams. The brooch has plain semi-circular wings which contain a spring of eight coils. The bow sits on crescent shaped protrusions and is semi-circular in section. The brooch has snapped cleanly and has no trace of catchplate or pin.

GLO-333606: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Birdlip type brooch length 41mm, width 18mm, thickness 14mm, weight 10.64g. The spring is mounted to the brooch by a rearwards facing lug with a hole in the centre, a rearwards facing hook on the base of the lug holds the external cord of the spring. The spring is made up of five curls, the pin is missing. The spring mountings is separated from the head by a deep transverse groove. The head has a groove running down either side to the upturned beak at the base of the head. A ridge which is expanded at the top and bottom runs down the centre of the leg and there is a small knop at the base of the foot. The catch plate on the reverse is mostly complete although rather distorted. The brooch has a mid green patina with pitting of much of the surface as a result of corrosion. A Gold Birdlip brooch (2003 T249) was dated to 30BC-60AD (Hill, 2003, 43) Treasure Annual Report 2003. An example was found in Gloucestershire that was dated to c. 25 to 55AD (Mackreth, D. 1998 ‘Objects of Personal Adornment or Dress: Copper Alloy Brooches (Sie 1, Site 2 and field-walking)’ in Timby, J.R. Excavations at Kingscote and Wycomb, Gloucestershire Cotswold Archaeological Trust, p. 131).

Roman copper alloy bow brooch of It Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends, middle Severn Valley), cf. Mackreth 2011, 3.b. Plate 46. It is 46mm long, 14mm wide and 14mm deep. The brooch is in good condition with a green patina and weighs 5.67grams. The brooch has short semi-circular sectioned wings which have two vertical incised lines forming a border at each end and contains a spring of seven coils with a small part of the pin intact. The bow, which is sub-circular in section has a ridge at its head which is decorated with horizontal incisions. It has a large triangular catchplate which emerges from the bow and has a triangular cut-out in its centre.

LEIC-44FE31: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch fragment, 23mm long, 8mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 2.75 grams. The brooch consists of a circular head which has a semi-circular lug protruding from its reverse. The bow emerges from the front and is circular in section it widens out to form the shoulder of the brooch and the object has snapped here.

LEIC-452D83: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch? foot, 28mm long, 10mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 2.25 grams. The brooch consists the lower part of a triangular sectioned bow which has a semi-circular sectioned stepped foot. The catchplate is present but does not start at the base of the brooch. It sits about 10mm above this and is triangular in form.

SWYOR-46B438: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman bow brooch. The brooch is 35.3mm long, 11.7mm wide and 20.3mm deep. It was probably a trumpet brooch, but it is damaged, possibly by fire causing melting, and the type of brooch is no longer clear. The pin and mechanism are missing but traces of the catchplate survive. The foot is tilted forwards. There are bumps in the middle of the bow which may be the remains of an acanthus button. The probably mouth of the trumpet is deeply pitted and distorted. Traces of a red material survive, particularly near the foot and on the side of the bow. It is not clear whether this is a corrosion product or the remains of badly damaged enamel. The metalwork has a deep olive green patina and is stable. Trumpet brooches are usually considered to date from the second century.

SUR-46E383: BROOCH
Roman bow brooch of Colchester type. The catchplate and pin and half of the spring are missing. The side wings are plain and there is a groove down the spine.

SUR-46F2C0: BROOCH
Roman bow brooch of Colchester type. The catchplate and half of the spring are missing. There is a groove on the outer part of each side wing and the spine has a prominent ridge with mouldings on each side.

SUR-46FE68: BROOCH
Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Mackreth 2011, 4.a. type (The West of England Group). The catchplate and the spring are missing. There is a pair of roll mouldings on each side wing. The spine has a groove along its length with notching. There may also be traces of notching along the sides of the bow.

Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.b. Plate 46. It is 56mm long, 19mm wide and 21mm deep. the brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 14.77grams. The brooch consists of short circular sectioned wings with a raised lip at each end, which contains a spring of eight coils. The bow which is circular in section, has a raised 'strip' with a rounded end on its upper section. This appears to be undecorated and directly under this the bow turns sharply inward, at this point the brooch has been damaged and most of its surface is missing. The catchplate emerges from the bow and is triangular in form. It has what appears to be deliberate nothes in the centre of its rounded edge. The brooch terminates with a spherical knop.

Fragment of Roman Colchester type brooch, consisting of the lower bow and catchplate only. The break is ancient. The fragment is 36.8mm in length and weighs 3.63g. The bow is 2.5mm wide and 3.4mm thick at the break, narrowing to 0.8mm wide at the foot (with the base of the catchplate extending behind). The catchplate has an openwork triangle at its centre and a complete curl flanked by a groove where it joins the bow. It extends 16.5mm behind the bow. The surface of the brooch is pitted and a few spots of shiny patina remain. 1st century.

A cast copper alloy annular brooch. In plan, the brooch frame is circular and in section it is a slender rectangle. The frame has a narrowed section forming a bar, around which the pin is curled. The pin is an elongated triangle in plan, and tapers to a blunt point. The upper surface of the pin is decorated with transverse grooves where the pin meets the frame. The upper surface of the frame is decorated with fine transverse and oblique grooves. The underside is undecorated. The frame and pin have an abraded dark green/grey incomplete patina. The brooch measures 28.54mm diameter and 4.96mm thick at the pin loop. It weighs 2.8g. A similar decorated brooch are illustrated in Margeson (Margeson, S. 1993 Norwich Households; Medieval and Post Medieval Finds from Norwich Survey Excavations 1971-78. East Anglian Archaeology Report No. 58) No. 60. It is commented (Margeson: p.15) that these simplistic annular brooches were used as clothes’ fastenings, and belt and purse fastenings from the 12th to 14th centuries, and the more decorated examples are 14th century. Egan and Pritchard (Egan and Pritchard 2002 Dress Accessories Boydell Press) illustrate very similar brooches, for example No. 1313 is decorated in a similar manner. This brooch dates to the late 13th to mid 14th centuries.

SUSS-9D1933: BROOCH
Catchplate and foot end of a copper alloy Roman brooch. Possibly Polden Hill type as it appears very similar to Hattatt (1982) p.70, 25. The break is old and the remainder of the bow is oval in cross section, widening very gradually away from the foot with a knob at the foot. The remainding bow is 32mm long including the knob and 4.4 mm wide at the widest point. The knob is divided from the rest of the bow and catchplate by a shallow groove; it is 3.4mm long, 3.4mm wide and 3.4mm thick. The catchplate appears complete; it is solid and 1.5mm thick. The groove to hold the pin is 13.7mm long and 4.1 mm wide at it's widest point; from the pin groove the catchplate curves up and outward till it meets the bow.

SWYOR-AC3834: BROOCH
A copper alloy Iron Age penannular brooch. The brooch is 27.7mm long, 25mm wide and 5.6mm thick. It is sub-circular and has rounded terminals putting the brooch into Fowler’s type A which was in use during the Iron Age period (‘The Origins and Development of the Penannular Brooch in Europe’ by Elizabeth Fowler in The Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 1960). The terminal knops are in fact faceted, which is more like Fowler’s type D, but the terminals do not appear to be folded back as in a true type D brooch. Type D was used in the Roman period, so a Roman date is possible for this brooch too. There is a large lump of ferrous corrosion on one part of the frame which is probably all that remains of the iron pin. There is a notch in the opposite side of the frame. This may be the pin rest, but it is not properly in line. However, the brooch has been bent and the terminals now touch an overlap each other, so it is unclear whether the notch is damage or a twisted pin rest. There is a deep green patina on all parts of the frame. The brooch probably dates from 300BC to circa 200AD.

SWYOR-B22FE7: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch which is about 4cm long. It is an elaborate trumpet brooch with enamel decoration. The head is decorated with a trilobed design executed in three oval cells filled with enamel. There is similar decoration on the bow above and below the acanthus button. The button appears to have a triple collar immediately above and below it. The foot also has a triple collar. The pin is missing, and the pin mechanism is not visible. This find is recorded from photographs kindly supplied by the finder. This style of brooch is believed to date from the second century.

LEIC-C57A62: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 45mm long, 12mm wide and 21mm deep. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 18.38grams. The object consists of semi circular wings which contain a spring of 20 coils. The wings have raised, rounded terminals and a central raised ridge which is flanked by a linear incision. The bow is sub-circular in section and appears to be plain. It has snapped off just after it turns downwards and the brooch is very worn here, there is also an area of 'bubbling' on the underside, caused either by poor casting or corrosion?

WAW-DB8FE5: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Colchester Two-Piece brooch. The bow head and wings are incorporated together and in plan the bow head is a horizontal oval. On the reverse there is a rectangular shaped cell bordered on the sides by incomplete integral perforated semi-circular lugs. The axis bar, spring and pin are missing. The upper edge of the bow head has a trace of an integral sub-rectangular protrusion which is decorated with two transverse horizontal grooves. The bow quickly narrows beneath the bow head and is oval in section. The bow is broken above the mid point, and this break is not recent. The brooch has a light green coloured patina. It weighs 5.2g, and measures 21.71mm wide and 20.25mm long. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch, a Trumpet-headed type. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164).

LIN-DC2EA6: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy heastud brooch. The brooch has cylindrical wings in cross section containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. The wing faces are flat and decorated with vertical ribs. There is an incomplete suspension loop at the top. The bow is comma shaped in plan and broken about half way down its length. There is a moulded pellet-in-ring at the top of the bow, in and around which is blue enamel. Below the headstud is a rectangular panel decorated with a serise of lozenge shaped cells. The cells and their surrounding fields are filled with blue enamel.

LIN-DC4578: BROOCH
Wing cap from an early Roman brooch. The cap is circular, slightly convex with a hole through it for the axis bar, and has a portion of ribbed wing face remaining.

WAW-DC5E90: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Colchester Two-Piece brooch. The bow head and wings are incorporated together and in plan the bow head is a vertical oval. The bow head is undecorated. On the reverse of the bow head there is an incomplete sub-oval lug with a central perforation. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. Only a fragment of the bow remains, it is oval in section and is narrowed before terminating with a broken surface. The break is not too recent. The brooch has a well developed mid grey coloured patina. It weighs 3.2g, and measures 9.34mm wide and 12.85mm long. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch, a Trumpet-headed type. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164).

WAW-DD1642: BROOCH
A copper-alloy brooch with traces of an iron pin. The brooch is cross-shaped, with a central circular domed boss with four integral narrow semi-circular section arms protruding from the sides of the central boss. Each arm terminates in a sub-circular boss which is semi-circular in cross-section. These bosses are the same size as the central boss. The reverse of each boss is hollow and the edges of the brooch are flat, with the exception of a small integral hook on the outer edge of a terminal boss, which forms the catchplate. On the opposite side of the brooch to the catchplate, the reverse of the boss has a semi-circular curved project which is pierced twice to form the pin lug. This would originally have held an iron axis bar. There are traces of iron staining across the brooch implying the pin was made of iron, but has since corroded away. The surface of the brooch has a well developed dark brown shiny patina. The brooch is in good condition and has a chunky solidity to it. It measures 46.53mm long, 45.71mm wide and 14.7mm thick to include the lug on the reverse. It weighs 37.8g. The brooch is likely to date to the Iron Age; compare BERK-4EFFC6. There are also decorative similarities to the hangers from a chatelaine/distributor from Giubiasco, Switzerland (Jope, E.M. 2000 Early Celtic Art in the British Isles Clarendon Press Oxford, p. 285 No. 225 h).

SWYOR-17C270: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman headstud brooch which is 58.2mm long, 22.2mm wide and 20.3mm thick. It is in very good condition and is almost complete. It has a hinged pin which is complete, on an axis bar which extends from the tubular housing, runs along the top of the wings and is held by a rectangular head plate before forming a circular head loop. The head plate is decorated with two semi-circular cells next two each other, descending from the top of the plate. The enamel in these has not survived. These are surrounded by a cell which fills the areas between the semi-circles. This contains red enamel. There is a thick central vertical ridge on the bow above the stud. This has developed from the hook, but is now a solid block. The wings are enamelled on the front with a central triangular cell with concave sides filled with red enamel on each wing, flanked by two triangular cells with the enamel not surviving. The bow is not enamelled. It has a central ridge which is pronounced at the top but which becomes thinner. There is a deep hollow where the missing head stud should fit. There is a circular hole through the back of the bow in the hollow. There is also a circular depression at the bottom of the bow, on the front face, where the ridge ends. It interrupts the collar above the foot. The foot is a wide disc which is decorated with an incised line round the edge. The base of the foot is hollow and contains a separate piece of metal shaped like a small stud. The shaft projects into a hole which is visible between the catchplate and the foot. The head of the stud is flattened and is decorated with seven raised pellets arranged like a flower. The surface of the stud head is set back in the hollow, and the patina is different, suggesting that it may not be original. However, it is deeply patinated and looks to be or a similar age to the brooch. The catchplate extends up the back of the bow and is complete. Headstud brooches usually date from the second century (Snape, 1993).

SWYOR-17D776: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch which is 45.5mm long, 20.4mm wide and 21.3mm thick. It is a South-Western T-shaped brooch which is an unusual find in the North. It has short wings which are actually a tubular housing from the hinged pin axis bar. There is a thickened rib at the outer end of each wing. A slightly flattened head loop projects from the top of the centre of the bow. The top third of the bow is rectangular and is decorated with enamel. Three central oval cells, in a line vertically are filled with yellow, semi-circular cells flanking the central oval one are green, and V shaped cells (but horizontal) flank and point towards the top and bottom oval and are filled with red enamel. The enamelling is unusual as this type of brooch is normally decorated with lozenge shapes. The middle third of the bow has a thick raised collar at the top, and a double collar below. In between is an acanthus motif with is expanded, so there is an unusually large gap between the top and bottom petals. The moulding is on the front of the bow only. The lowest third of the bow has a vertical central rib which is pointed and decorated with short horizontal nicks. There are two triangular cells at the top, one on each side of the rib, filled with red enamel. They are different to but match the V shaped cells at the top of the bow. There is a double collar before the foot which is also two tiered. The catchplate is complete. Part of the hinged pin survives. It dates from about 75 - 175 AD. The brooch is in excellent condition and has a deep green patina.

SWYOR-17E2A7: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch which is 66.6mm long, 16.3mm wide and 21.6mm thick. The brooch is very solid and chunky. It has an oval head loop which is fixed and is just an extension of the headplate. The head plate is rectangular and is decorated with mouldings of three horizontal grooves. There is a tubular housing for the hinged pin which is missing, but the housing does not extend to the side as wings at all. The slot for the pin is not central. The bow tapers to the foot and is decorated with further mouldings; two grooves at the top which follow the edge of the bow and merge into one groove down the centre of the lower bow. The foot is a flared disc with a raised collar above. The catchplate is almost complete. The brooch is in good condition and has a deep glossy very dark green patina. It probably dates from the second century.

SWYOR-17EEA5: BROOCH
A copper alloy disc brooch from the Roman period. It is circular and has a diameter of 30.85mm and is 9.5mm thick. There is a circular hole in the centre of the brooch, so it probably had a central decorative stud. The face is divided into two large concentric cells. The outer band contains many traces of blue and white glass in a chequer board pattern. The design is made up from separate tiny rods of glass (millefiori). The inner cell contains a few traces of a red material, probably enamel applied in the normal way. The metal is quite grey, suggesting it may have been tinned or silvered. On the reverse a pair of pin lugs and the catchplate survive, but the pin is missing. The brooch is in excellent condition. It probably dates from the second century.

BERK-2B3C75: BROOCH
Incomplete and worn cast copper-alloy Roman T-shaped brooch. The bow, the central part of the wings and a small loop fragment of the hinged pin fitting are all that remain. The foot of the bow is decorated with a small rounded knop. The top of the bow was originally decorated with a probable total of three circular enamel inlays running lengthways down the bow. The colour of these eroded inlays is no longer clear, although the central one was probably red. The brooch is very corroded and therefore further observations are limited. Brooches of this type are typically dated from the 1st to 2nd century, c.43 - 200 AD.

BERK-2B97B0: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy Roman brooch fragment. The fragment consists of a flat oval disc with the remains of the iron spring pin fitting attached to the reverse along one side. The fragment is very corroded and it is therefore not possible to be certain about the original overall form of this brooch. The most likely suggestion, however, is that it formed part of a knee brooch. A similar parallel can be seen in Hattatt's 'Brooches of Antiquity', No. 1236. Brooches of this type are typically dated from c.100-250 AD.

WILT-2BB841: BROOCH
Late Iron Age La Tene III type brooch of copper alloy with a broken pin. The brooch measures 50mm in length and 11mm wide at its widest part across the spring. It weighs 3.2g. Decoration on the bow consists of two single lateral lines made of square punch-marks. Following these the bow narrows to a point at the foot. There is a small catchplate extending 7mm at the back. The pin is broken roughly half way down measuring 24mm in total. The brooch has a smooth green patina. cf. Hattatt, 1989, no.739.

WILT-2BE126: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy strip bow brooch, c.1st century AD, missing the pin and is bent towards the back of the bow above the catchplate. The brooch measures 37mm in length and is 13mm in width. It weighs 2.6g. The bow has one single lateral line running down it which is slightly off centre towards the right when looking at the front. Both the wings of the brooch has been damaged with the left hand side wing twisted towards the centre and broken. The right hand side of the bow has been chipped which look to be recent. The bend in the bow however is an old bend. The brooch has a shiny black/green patina on the front but is rough with a reddish/brown patina on the back.

BERK-2C33F6: BROOCH
Incomplete and corroded cast copper-alloy Roman one piece bow brooch dating to the very Late Iron Age or early Roman period. The brooch is a Lowbury type Nauheim Derivative (Mackreth Type 2c, Hull type 10d). The bow and fragmented triangular catchplate remain. The bow is decorated with a double line of punched square dots running along both edges.

WILT-2C34E3: BROOCH
Incomplete Late Roman to Early Early-Medieval copper alloy penannular brooch of Fowler type D. The pin is missing. The brooch is circular in cross section and the pin is missing. It measures 32mm in diameter, 2mm in thickness and it weighs 2.7g. The terminals of the brooch have been flattened and widened formings a foot with three toes on each. The toes are made by two grooves on each of the terminals. The toes stand at right angles to the frame. cf. Hattatt, 1989, no 1291 and find WILT-C52454 on the database.

WILT-2C5D22: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy oval plate brooch, c.2nd-3rd century AD. The brooch is missing its central inset and the pin. However there is traces of gilding on the front and tinning ont the back of the brooch. The brooch measures 28mm in length and weighs 4.1g. The centre of the brooch is damaged and therefore missing part of the plate itself in the centre. The brooch has also lost part of its outer rim. The gilding is only present on the outer ring of the brooch however the tinning is present on the majority of the back. The spring mechanism is corroded but would have formed part of a single lug used to mount the pin. The catchplate has been bent over towards the back of the brooch. cf. Hattatt, 1989, 1207,1208,1210.

WAW-2CFE82: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch. The wings of the brooch are almost semi-cylindrical. Within the wings the axis bar, spring and pin are usually found, however all of these are missing on this brooch. At the centre of the upper edge of the wings there is an integral hook. The bow head/upper portion of the bow is an elongated trapezoidal shape in plan with concave sides and has one lower corner which is missing due to recent damage. The lower edge of this portion of the bow terminates with a point. In the centre of the bow head there is a vertical ridge, bordered by two grooves as decoration. This portion of the bow is ‘C’ shape in profile forming a loop with the lower portion of the bow. The lower portion of the bow is integral to the lower edge of the wings. The plate behind the outer/upper portion of the bow is a similar shape, but is undecorated. Where the lower edge of the outer/upper plate meets the lower plate the decoration begins on the lower plate. The lower plate is trapezoidal in plan and is decorated with a vertical moulded ridge, bordered by a pair of grooves. The reverse of this portion has a central vertical solid catchplate which has an abraded edge. The surface of the brooch has a matte dark green patina with traces of a white alloy coating. The brooch measures 40.03mm long, and is 22.13mm wide across the wings, weighing 10.9g. The brooch is a Roman Aesica type. Hattat (Hattat, R. 1987 Brooches of Antiquity Oxbow) illustrates a similar brooch No. 794, and he dates these brooches, Aesica brooches to the 1st century. Snape (Snape, M.E. 1993 Roman Brooches from North Britain B.A.R. 235) comments that Aesica type brooches were derived from continental thistle or rosette brooches and their findspots are concentrated in the Midlands and central southern England. Macreth (Macreth, D.F. 1973 Roman Brooches Salisbury) suggests they date to c. 60 to c. 80AD.

WILT-2D7876: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy plate-headed T-shaped brooch, missing most of its loop, lower bow and catchplate, and pin. The iron axis bar appears to have corroded in situ. The tubular wingspan is 34.5mm and they are a little bent out of shape. Each is decorated circa half way along with a vertical groove. The plate head extends a little way above the wings and at the centre into a rectangular plate projecting upwards (decorated with two horizontal groves), from which the loop would have extended. This has now broken off (ancient break). The bow is flat and 15.4mm wide where it extends from the wings. As it drops downwards it is decorated along the middle with two prominent ribs either side of a zig-zag rib, with grooves flanking all edges. The bow extends 23mm to the old break (11.6mm wide). Here the bow is an elongated D-shape in section, being flat to the reverse. The incomplete brooch measures 34mm in length and weighs 11.66g. Probably 2nd century in date.

LVPL-2E8034: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch dating to the 6th century AD. All that remains is the arched bow, which has facetted corners and is concave behind, and a small part of the beginning of the foot. At the junction with the foot there are 2 transverse incisions. On the back of the fragment the catchplate remains. There is a crack in the top of the bow.

Incomplete cast copper alloy Hod Hill brooch. The brooch has a rolled over headplate but is missing its pin. The headplate is decorated with three vertical ribs; one wing remains which is also ribbed. The bow tapers. The foot is triangular in plan and transversly ribbed. There is a catchplate on the reverse.

SUR-446B15: BROOCH
A large late Roman crossbow brooch in two halves, found separately at different times, and complete save for the pin. The brooch has a complete D-section catchplate which is decorated with a series of notches along both edges. There are three large onion-shaped knobs, one on each end of the sidewings and one above the bow. The slot for the hinged pin survives.

KENT-45A4E1: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch, comprising the head-plate and part of the bow. The head-plate has an integral half-round knob projecting from its top edge and incomplete lateral wings. One of the wings is damaged, with deep lines gouged in its front surface. On the back of the head-plate is a single perforated lug to which the (now missing) iron pin and spring wold have been attached. The bow has a worn transverse break just below the junction with the headplate. The front surfaces of both the headplate and bow are decorated with rows of incised or punched lines and dots.

WMID-587A03: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, Western Group, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 5.a1. The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated caps at the terminals holding the axis bar. This bar holds the spring and the incomplete pin. The bar is broken, and the spring and pin are disarticulated, but the elements appear to be held together with soil. The copper alloy wire of the spring would also have formed the external chord, running through the pierced lug between the wings (See Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 33-34 and p159). The chord is missing. The brooch also has a notch in one of the wings, within which a small protrusion of wire from the spring is secured. The wings appear undecorated. In common with many Polden Hill type brooches, there is a collar where the wings meet the bow, although this is more pronounced than many other examples (e.g. see WMID-589F92). The bow, which has a humped profile, tapers and is broken towards the foot but does not appear to be decorated. The catchplate, against which the pin would have been secured, is missing. The brooch has a green patina, and the bow in particular is pitted from corrosion. The brooch measures 28.46.mm long, 24.96mm wide and weighs 6.52g. Bayley and Butcher (ibid. p159) explain that the Polden Hill type of brooch, "exhibits a distinctive method of attaching the spring: it is carried in a semi-cylindrical crossbar which has closed ends to secure the axial rod, while the chord is held by a hook or crest on the head." Based on a review of literature, Worrell (unpublished, 2007) dates Polden Hill brooches to AD75-175. Bayley and Butcher (ibid. p 160) state that the main development of this type appears to have taken place in the West Midlands and that more recent finds have confirmed a concentration in this area.

WMID-589F92: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Polden Hill type. The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated caps at the terminals holding the axis bar. This bar holds the spring. The copper alloy wire of the spring also forms the external chord, running through a pierced lug between the wings. The wire of the spring and chord would also have formed the pin (at the centre of the spring) but this is missing (See Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 33-34 and p159). The wings are decorated with pairs of rather imprecise transverse linear groves and in common with many Polden Hill type brooches, there is a collar where the wings meet the bow. The lug between the wings forms the zenith of a raised linear decoration running down the centre of the bow, diminishing and disappearing at the point of three punched ring and dot marks. The raised linear decoration has a series of transverse grooves concentrated on the portion of the bow above the wings. The bow, which has a humped profile, tapers and is broken towards the foot. There is no catchplate, against which the pin would have been secured. The brooch has a very well developed, brown patina. The brooch measures 29.65mm long, 25.61mm wide and weighs 10.50g. Bayley and Butcher (ibid. p159) explain that the Polden Hill type of brooch, “…exhibits a distinctive method of attaching the spring: it is carried in a semi-cylindrical crossbar which has closed ends to secure the axial rod, while the chord is held by a hook or crest on the head.” Based on a review of literature, Worrell (unpublished, 2007) dates Polden Hill brooches to AD75-175. Bayley and Butcher (ibid. p 160) state that the main development of this type appears to have taken place in the West Midlands and that more recent finds have confirmed a concentration in this area.

WMID-58A231: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch, probably of Polden Hill type, consisting of two horizontal wings and a transverse bow. The wings are semi-cylindrical. The wings would have held the bar, spring and pin, all of which are missing. (See Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 33-34 and p159). Little of the original surface of the wings remain, but a cream coloured substance is visible on one wing that may be the remains of enamelling. There is a collar where the wings meet the bow, which is a feature often noted on Polden Hill type brooches. The bow is decorated with a vertical line of cream coloured enamelled cells running down the centre. The lower of the enamelled cells is lozenge shaped, the upper cell is lozenge shaped with the addition of a spur pointing towards the wings, and the three intermediate cells are more elliptical, and are orientated in opposite directions in an alternating pattern. At either side of this decorative feature, vertical enamelled grooves supplemented by sub triangular enamelled cells point inwards. The bow, which has a humped profile, tapers and is broken towards the foot. There is no catchplate, against which the pin would have been secured. The brooch has a very corroded surface, but in places a well developed green patina on the original surface is visible. The brooch measures 35.83mm long, 22.57mm wide and weighs 10.05g. Bayley and Butcher (ibid. p159) explain that the Polden Hill type of brooch, “…exhibits a distinctive method of attaching the spring: it is carried in a semi-cylindrical crossbar which has closed ends to secure the axial rod, while the chord is held by a hook or crest on the head.” Based on a review of literature, Worrell (unpublished, 2007) dates Polden Hill brooches to AD75-175. Bayley and Butcher (ibid. p 160) state that the main development of this type appears to have taken place in the West Midlands and that more recent finds have confirmed a concentration in this area.

WMID-58A592: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, Western Group, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 5.a2. Plate 49, pg. 76. The two horizontal wings are semi-cylindrical with incomplete perforated caps at the terminals holding the axis bar. This bar holds the incomplete spring. The copper alloy wire forming the spring would also have formed the pin and the external chord (See Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 33-34 and p159). The spring and chord (together with the lug in which the chord would have been secured) are all missing. No decoration is visible on the damaged wings, although, in common with many Polden Hill type brooches, there is a collar where the wings meet the bow. The bow, which has a humped profile, is decorated by two longitudinal linear grooves running down the centre, but much of the surface has been corroded. The bow tapers and is broken towards the foot. There is no catchplate, against which the pin would have been fastened. The brooch has an incomplete well developed, mid-green patina. The brooch measures 24.85mm long, 16.86mm wide and weighs 4.43 g. Bayley and Butcher (2004, p.159) explain that the Polden Hill type of brooch, "exhibits a distinctive method of attaching the spring: it is carried in a semi-cylindrical crossbar which has closed ends to secure the axial rod, while the chord is held by a hook or crest on the head." Based on a review of literature, Worrell (unpublished, 2007) dates Polden Hill brooches to AD 75-175. Bayley and Butcher (2004, p. 160) state that the main development of this type appears to have taken place in the West Midlands and that more recent finds have confirmed a concentration in this area.

WMID-5BB674: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman copper alloy Dragonesque brooch. The S-shaped body has two terminals which take the form of a head with curved snout, although both heads are incomplete. Bayley and Butcher (2004, p123) identify these as characteristics of the Dragonesque brooch, the heads of which also have large ears and a circular sinking representing the eye. The ears are missing on this example, and the poor surface condition mean that the detail around the area of the eyes is unclear. Bayley and Butcher (ibid. p 123) state that the pin [used to secure the brooch to a garment] is looped around one of the necks and is secured by that at the opposite end. The brooch has an area of iron corrosion around one neck, suggesting that the pin may have been made of iron. The reverse of the brooch is plain, and slightly depressed (concave) at the centre. The brooch weighs 6.91g and is 35.29mm long, 16.38mm wide and 4.22mm thick. The body of the brooch is decorated with small depressions at the centre, and larger depressions towards the neck and terminals. This is consistent with the type: Bayley and Butcher (ibid.) state that the centre of the plate bears conventional decoration, usually enamelled. There is no evidence of enamelling on this example. The brooch has a green surface, and appears to have been recently coated in a waxy substance. Bayley and Butcher identify the dragonesque brooch as a development in British made plate brooches (ibid. p 171). They note that the distribution is mainly in Britain, with a marked concentration in the North, where they were presumably made (p172). Based on a review of literature, Worrell (unpublished, 2007) dates Dragonesque brooches to AD 75-175.

BERK-6A3B08: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy strip brooch (1st century AD). It has a moulded decoration of three raised ribs going down the bow. The pin is now missing. Dimensions: Width 8.39mm; thickness 1.99mm; weight 2.60g

LEIC-6D8201: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy brooch, 40mm long and wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 15.04 grams. The object is square in form and rectangular in section. It appears to have been cast in one piece and consists of a square frame which has a V shaped section with an open inner edge. In each corner of the upper surface is a flower shaped motif with a central hole, one of these is holding the circular sectioned pin. Behind each flower, sitting on the corners is a raised circle, some filled with a white substance. In between the flowers, in the centre of each side, is a raised circle sitting on top of a sub rectangular protrusion which is also filled with a white substance. These and the flower motifs form a square inner void which sits at 45 degrees to the outer square.

KENT-6E12A1: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Colchester one piece brooch. The brooch is in a very fragile condition.

SWYOR-6F4EF0: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy annular brooch from the medieval period. The brooch consists of a flat ring of metal which has broken. Two pieces survive, representing about seven eights of the frame. The pin is also missing. The front of the brooch is dcorated with curved lines in relief, but the pattern appears to be random rather than an inscription or represted motif. The reverse of the frame is undecorated. There is no constriction for the pin, but it is likely that this was on the missing part. Traces of silvering survive on the front of the frame. Similar brooches can be seen in Egan and Pritchard’s (1991) Dress Accessories, though none seem to be as delicate as this example. The brooch has a diameter of 39.6mm and is just 1.2mm thick. It probably dates from sometime between the mid twelth and fourteenth centuries. It hasa grey green patina and some areas of old damage on the edges. The breaks across the frame are not patinated, so it is likely that the damage is recent.

SUSS-708D77: BROOCH
Incomplete La Tene I 'leaf' type brooch of Iron Age date, circa 400 to 200 BC; smaller but similar in design to Hattatt 223. The brooch is cast in copper alloy, and only the bow remains, both ends have old breaks. The central section of bow is an expanded oval ‘leaf-shape’; 12.2mm long, 7.5mm wide and 1.9mm thick; decorated with 4 concentric pointed oval rings marked by grooves, the central ring may contain further decoration which is too worn to distinguish. From this central section both ends of the bow bend down at right angles creating a D shaped profile. These 'sides' to the bow are both 5.4 mm long and to narrow from the central 'leaf' towards the ends. The ends of the bow then turn outwards again, along the main axis of the brooch but both the spring and catch are missing.

BERK-D32E44: BROOCH
A Roman copper-alloy Colchester-derivative (two-piece) brooch. The intact spring comprises seven coils of copper-alloy wire. Only the bottom of the bow and the foot are missing, the remaining bow having decorative ridges on its upper surface.

BERK-D33A61: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy enamelled disc brooch. The brooch is circular in plan with a raised border on the front face. Within the border there is a red enamelled star. At the centre of the star there is a raised concentric circle, on the ouside of which there are ten pellets set concentrically. The reverse of the brooch has a double pin lug with concretion where axis bar should be. Diametrically opposite this there is the remains of the catchplate lug. The brooch is slightly bent. cf Hattatt; A Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches (2007) p344 No.1035. He dates these brooches to the 2nd century AD. The brooch is 22.7mm diameter,1.75mm thick and weighs 3.23g.

BERK-D346A2: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy trumpet derivative brooch. The upper face of the bow is decorated with multiple mouldings and a knop. The spring of the brooch is missing. Hattatt; A Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches (2007) dates these trumpet type brooches from the 1st to 2nd centuries AD. The brooch is 26.11mm long and weighs 4.31g.

BERK-D35367: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy brooch fragment with a broken head loop (1st-2nd century AD). Part of the bow and head survive There are three ridges running lengthways down the bow with linear ridges running width ways at intervals. The foot and pin are now missing. Dimensions: length 36.1mm; width 11.24mm; weight 4.7g

BERK-D36802: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman copper alloy Colchester derivative two-piece brooch. The wings on either side of the bow are plain with the exception of a single groove on either side. There are notches running down either side of the bow towards the missing catchplate. Colchester brooches and their derivatives date to circa 25-60 AD. The brooch is 39mm long, 26.7mm wide (across the head) and weighs 9.11g.

SWYOR-D40691: BROOCH
A copper alloy disc brooch from the Roman period. The brooch is circular and has a diameter of 20.9mm and is 6.7mm thick. The pin and mechanism are complete, but the catchplate turnover is missing. The pin is sprung and is attached to an axis bar between two pierced lugs. The front of the brooch is decorated with enamel. There is a dark blue background surrounded by a copper alloy border. In the centre is a metal circle, surrounded by red enamel in a six pointed star shape. The enamel is bordered by a metal six pointed star with circles at each point. The enamel is complete and is excellent condition. The design is a common one and similar brooches can be seen in Snape (1991). The brooch dates from the second century AD.

YORYM-D3C4D0: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch dating to the Medieval period. The brooch is circular but has now been broken through the pin constriction. There are four low conical (turret-shaped) decorations, known as collets, on the face of the brooch; these have concavities at the top for taking settings, now missing. The object has a dark brown patina. The pin was found with the brooch, but not attached to it. The pin is cast, square in section, with a collar. The pin measures 36.1mm in length, 4.3mm width, 4.9mm thickness and 3.45g weight. Measurements listed below are for the brooch.

YORYM-D4D195: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy dolphin type brooch. The object comprises only the head and part of the bow; the break occured in antiquity. The bow is circular in section and tapers from the wings. The object is not decorated. The pin loop is connected to a small knop located between the wings on the head. The reverse of the head is concave, probably to hid the spring of the pin.

SWYOR-D5EB41: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch which is a conical disc type. The brooch has a diameter of 24.4mm and is 14mm thick. It is a disc of copper alloy with a conical projecting from the centre of the front. The top of the projection is rounded, and has a small circular depression in the centre. There is a faint and worn incised line round the edge of the front of the disc. On the reverse are the worn remains of a single pin lug and catchplate. The pin does not survive. The brooch has a glossy grey green patina. It probably dates from 100 - 250 AD (Worrall, 2007, North Regional Newsletter). Similar examples on the PAS database are LIN-266AB4 and LON-F39E42 (Hattatt brooch 1071).

LIN-D711B8: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy hod hill brooch. The brooch is very small, and only the body and foot remains. The body is rectangular in plan, decorated with four vertical ribs and is missing its headplate. The catchplate is missing. The brooch is bent into an 'S' shape.

NMGW-D79451: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch of wheel type and dating to the late 1st to 2nd century AD The brooch is complete and has a weight of 7.8g. The brooch has a hinge mechanism with twin lugs and an iron axis bar, evidenced by iron corrosion over the lugs. The circular brooch frame has a diameter of 34.3mm. The rim of the brooch projects above the surface and has no peripheral lugs. The outside ring or felloe is comparatively wide at 6.8mm with two concave panels, forming a central ridge. The inner edge of the felloe has a smaller raised rim. The brooch has four arms of sub- rectangular section and straight parallel sides. The central boss is concave and circular with a diameter of 7.7mm. The top of the boss is also concave and has an integral projecting knop of 2.7mm diameter, giving the brooch a height of 7.3mm (15.2mm overall depth). The brooch has good surface preservation with a pale to mid green patina. Deep file marks from the finishing of the brooch are evident on the reverse.

SWYOR-EB2BB2: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch. The brooch is 42.2mm long, 24.3mm wide and 14.5mm thick. The top part of the bow has been bent backwards badly so that the head of the brooch is level with the acanthus button. The pin mechanism and pin are missing. There is a loop to hold the mechanism behind the trumpet head which is oval and undecorated. The acanthus button continues right round the bow and has six petals above and six below the central rib. The lower part of the bow tapers to a point and some of the catchplate survives behind. The brooch has a patchy green patina. Similar brooches can be seen in Snape (1993) and are usually dated to the second century.

SUSS-544102: BROOCH
An incomplete Iron Age cast copper alloy La Tene brooch, probably type 1B. The head of the brooch originally consisted of four coils to the spring in a bi-lateral form with two loops located on either side of the bow. One spring turn and the chord that joined the two sides of the spring together are missing. The bow turns up from the head at an initial 90 degrees whereupon it flattens and widens into a leaf-shape before turning back down at 90 degrees to the foot and catchplate. The reverse or underside of the bow is flat whilst the top surface has decorative moulding with three flutes along the longitudinal axis of the brooch, one placed centrally, and one on either flank that curves outwards to follow the curving shape of the bow. The crests of the surface decoration have a central valley creating twin bands to each. The end of the foot, catchplate and toe are missing from an old break. The spring of the brooch remains intact. Brooches of this type date to from circa 400-275 BC. The brooch has a rich deep green to brown patina. It measures 37.7mm long, 12.7mm wide and weighs 8.11g. Similar brooches are shown in Hattatt, Ancient Brooches and other Artefacts (1989) p15; No. 1447/1447. For a similar object on the PAS database, cf. SUR-2CD136.

SUR-ECA004: BROOCH
The lower part of a bow brooch of Roman date. The catchplate is solid and the bow is decorated with vertical lines, and lines of random notches. Above the rounded terminal is a transverse groove.

KENT-EE1C45: BROOCH
Late 1st - 2nd Century. Copper alloy, cast, broken section of a probable trumpet fibula. Length 25.6mm, Width 8.4mm, Thickness 7.3mm, Weight 2.6g. Central bow fragment only with partial acanthus consisting of a large transverse rib/groove and two minor transverse ribs and grooves either side. The bow tapers down towards the foot and remnants of the catch plate on the back. Dark black coloured patina but considerable surface corrosion. Ref. Ancient Brooches and Other Artefacts, Richard Hattatt, Page 326-330.

YORYM-FDA131: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy and glass or enamel plate brooch dating to the 2nd-3rd century. The object comprises an oval-shaped disc with a central cavity, formed by an integral lip of copper alloy. There is a ring of green glass or enamel inlaid into the recessed band running around the central cavity. On the reverse of the disc, there are the remains of the hinge and the catchplate.

YORYM-FDC625: BROOCH
Copper alloy dragonesque brooch made from a piece of thin sheet metal. There are hammer marks on the reverse. The form is a classic dragonesque shape with one terminal broken off at the neck. The necks are very delicate. The only decorations are one ring and dot in the centre of the body and one ring and dot on the head and terminal. There is a possibility that this is not a brooch, based on the delicate nature of the necks and the thinness of the body.

LVPL-011D25: BROOCH
Copper alloy Roman disc brooch, dating to the mid 1st century to the late 2nd century AD. It is very worn and now appears oval although it would have been round when made. The pin is missing but some of the hinge mechanism and catchplate remains. It is slightly convex on the front and is decorated with a 4 petalled flower. There is still some orangey/brown soil/corrosion particularly on the reverse.

LVPL-016BB4: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy Roman dragonesque brooch. It is the central part of the brooch which remains. The decoration is in relief and does not appear to have had any enamel on it. It is probably a derivative of the early West Brigantian types with the central motif being made up of 2 trumpets meeting in a circle. This design is seen in early Celtic art. A similar example (although in an openwork design) can be seen in Hattatt (1982; 154-5).

YORYM-0215C1: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy La Tene I leech-type brooch. The spring and pin are missing. There is a broken curl at the top representing the remains of the spring pin. The bow is oval in section with three incised diamond shapes on the front; these are longitudinally bisected. The remains of the catchplate survive on the foot. The foot curves back to touch the bow; it is baluster-shaped with a central bulge and a collar on each end.

NARC-03B5B3: BROOCH
Roman brooch: A copper alloy plate brooch dating to the second century AD. The brooch comprises a broadly circular plate, the upper surface of which is decorated with a star motif, coloured with red enamel. The star breaks up the outside of the brooch into additional cells; these are coloured alternately blue and green. The reverse is unornamented and incomplete. The brooch measures 20mm in diameter.

NARC-03BAC7: BROOCH
Roman zoomorphic brooch: a copper alloy rooster. The bird is depicted in a seated position (no legs visible), and is rather stylised. It has a broad body, and its wings are decorated with a number of cells filled with red and yellow enamel. The neck is long and slender, the head small with large, round eyes, and a distinctive comb and crest (coloured with red enamel).

YORYM-3D2727: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch dating to the Medieval period. The object is an annular brooch with six evenly-spaced raised knops, each of which has an empty concavity in the top for taking a setting. There is a notch for the pin, but this is missing.

YORYM-3D90C6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy annular brooch. The object is circular in plan with two zoomorphic projections, facing each other across the loop. The necks rise from the loop at a <90 degree angle; the heads are placed so as to be parallel with the loop. There is a very worn notch for the pin (just visible on the right loop of the righthand view). The pin is missing.

LIN-3E1551: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Trumpet brooch. The brooch has a convex oval head with a spring behind it. The spring has six turns to it and is held in place by a small integral loop in the centre of the reverse. There is an incomplete suspension loop above. The bow is comma shaped in plan and incomplete. The upper bow is triangular in cross-section and below is a moulded acanthus reel. The lower bow is also triangular in cross-section and has a groove along the perimeter. The catchplate on the reverse is incomplete. The pin is missing.

LIN-3E2D04: BROOCH
Foot and catchplate from an early Roman brooch, probably a Dolphin brooch. The bow is triangular in cross-section and the catchplate is rolled over at the tip.

YORYM-3E5A93: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch, possibly a Colchester variant. The object comprises the head, with a cylindrical form for a hinge pin, and the D-shaped bow, broken before the start of the catchplate and foot. The bow is decorated with a lozenge containing red and white enamel; this is located at the top of the bow, at the head. Below the lozenge are two rivets with bulbous, circular heads. The bases of the rivets are visible on the reverse; they have been placed into two drilled holes and appear loose.

SWYOR-3F6F01: BROOCH
A copper alloy object which may be a damaged and incomplete penannular brooch. The object is a bar which is circular in section and has flattened and expanded terminals. The top face of the oval terminals are decorated with incised radial lines. A hole has been punched through one terminal, but too close to the edge so the hole has ripped the metal. The bar is sharply bent at one point. The smooth light green patina is damaged at that point, suggesting the damage was post depositional. It is unclear what shape the object was originally. The object is 41.2mm long, 5.9mm wide and 3.2mm thick. If it is a brooch it may date from the Roman period.

HESH-420BE1: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy two-piece Colchester derivative (Dolphin) bow brooch of Roman date (43-150AD). The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated wing / end caps. The wing caps are incomplete and the axis bar and spring are lost. The spring would have been formed from a length of copper alloy wire which would have attached by an external chord to a rearward facing hook. This hook is located at the centre of the wings on the upper edge. The bow head of the brooch is hump-like, and slightly angular. The bow is D shaped in cross section. It tapers to pointed foot. On the reverse face of the bow is a small vertical rib which expands into a slight crescent shaped catchplate. This has been abraded in the soil and there is no evidence for a turned over U shaped pin rest. The catch plate is not pierced. The brooch measures 37.4mm length, 21.2m width (across the wings), 9.9mm wide across the bow, is 4.7mm thick and weighs 8.35 grams. The brooch is decorated with a series of cast designs. The cast designs are limited to the upper face of the wing cases and bow. The design consists of a double vertical line of pellets extending from the rearward facing hook at the head of the brooch to the terminal of the pointed foot. Similar vertical moulded and cast designs are present at the tips of the wing casing. The brooch is a mid green colour with an even and mostly unabraded patina. Where abrasion has occurred it is slight and has only affected areas on the outer edges of the brooch. Similar styled brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt’s Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pages 298-299, fig; 157-159 and Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain pages 82-88.

HESH-425202: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy one piece Colchester brooch of late Iron Age to Early Roman date (1-75 AD). The head of the brooch is relatively small and two small stumpy wings extend from either edge. The wings are short and solid with a semi-cylindrical cross section. The spring is formed from a coiled length of copper alloy wire which has been integrally cast with the body of the brooch. This wire extends from the reverse head of the brooch and has been coiled to form the spring which is formed from seven turns and secured by an integral external chord to a rearward facing hook. The spring is incomplete. The pin, which is complete but distorted, is oval in cross section and tapers to form a narrow point. The cast hook is located at the centre of the wings on the upper edge of the head of the brooch and secures the external chord of the spring using a backward facing hook. The terminal of this hook has been flattened to make a small disc which is soldered to the head of the brooch. The bow head is slight with an angular profile, which has been much distorted by movement in the ploughsoil. The bow is lentoid in cross section. It tapers to a turned foot knop. The catchplate extends from a narrow rib and the pin rest has been formed by the outer edge of the catchplate being turned over (forming a U shape). The catch plate is badly abraded but does not seem to have been pierced. The brooch measures 53.4mm length, 16mm width (across wings and spring), 6.6mm width across bow, is 3.8mm thick across the bow, and weighs 6.13 grams. The brooch is much abraded and distorted. There is little evidence for decoration, the only visible decorative features is the oval shaped terminal of the rearward facing hook and the decorative cast three vertical bars on each wing. The brooch is a brown green colour with a much abraded but polished patina. Where abrasion has occurred it is most evident on the external faces of the brooch. Movement in the plough soil has also seriously distorted the profile of the brooch. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pp 296 fig; 155 ref: 753 and Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain pp 60-63. This type of brooch spans the period pre and post Roman conquest of Britain and it is difficult to therefore suggest either a purely Roman or Iron Age date Donald Mackreth has commented on this record that he prefers its identification as being a "proto Headstud, not a one-piece as the foot-knob was made separately and then fitted". Reavill: on this information the dating of this example has been changed to reflect examples in Mackreth (2010) with similar examples from Dorchester (pl69 ref 14000) dated 75-120 (page 102). The description is kept above to reflect the original descriptions however the dating is altered below to reflect the changes made

WAW-427537: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends), Mackreth 2011, 4.d, pg.73, Plate 47. The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated wing caps at each terminal. Through the perforations a fragment of the copper alloy axis bar remains. Around the axis bar, the incomplete spring is coiled six times. The pin has broken off from the brooch and is missing. The wings are decorated with expanded terminals which have fine transverse notches around the edge. The bowhead is hump-like in profile and is decorated with a central vertical ridge with transverse notches. This is bordered by a smaller ridge on either side. This decoration continues down the bow and tapers away at approximately the midpoint. The bow is semi-circular in section and tapers to a rounded blunt foot. The catchplate is complete with a sub-triangular openwork in the centre. The surface of the brooch has an incomplete mid brown patina. It measures 66.14mm long, 26.55mm wide and weighs 23.5g. Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

KENT-425A34: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy early medieval brooch. This bow brooch is of an unusual type. It has an oval headplate with two lugs on the reverse, between which survives the corroded remains of the iron spring and pin bar. The bow has a curved cross-section, but a rectangular cross-section at the junctions with the head and foot-plates. The centre of the bow has a flattened circular section on its front, giving a disc-on-bow appearance. The foot-plate is straight, but terminates in a circular knop. The front of the foot-plate is decorated with a series of incised transverse lines. A catch-plate on the back of the foot retains part of the brooch's iron pin. The brooch is largely unpatinated. In general form it would appear to date to the 5th century AD.

WAW-42FAB1: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman brooch. The wings are semi-cylindrical with incomplete and abraded terminals. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated. At the junction of the bow head and wings, in the centre there is the remains of an incomplete lug or hook, this would have held the spring chord. The bow head is hump-like in profile, but is quite triangular. The bow head and bow is undecorated. The bow head tapers gradually to form the bow which is oval in section. The bow is broken below the head, the break is not recent. The brooch has traces of a mid brown patina, otherwise the surface is abraded. It measures 11.43mm long, 16.98mm wide and weighs 3.9g. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch, which cannot be confidently narrowed down further.

HAMP-564C12: BROOCH
A fragmentary survival of a cast copper-alloy Roman crossbow brooch of 4th-century date. The brooch has broken along the bow: the head survives; the foot and part of the bow are now lost. The pin is also missing, as is the foremost, central knob. The artefact can be tentatively classified as a Type 3/4 crossbow brooch, albeit one with a very narrow bow. It is now largely light-mid green in colour. The side knobs are globular, and wider than they are long (c. 11.45 x 9.75 x 8.45mm). They both seem to have abraded central points suggesting that they would have tended towards being onion shaped. On both knobs there is a constriction and collar at the base. The crossarm has a rectangular cross-section. The axis bar survives in the pin slot. It is made of iron and the orange staining extends around the slot on the upper surface and at the ends of the knobs. In plan the crossarm is broadly triangular, tapering to the bow. Above the collars of the knobs there is a nicked recess on both sides (cf. Swift 2000, 20; fig. 5, Neuberg an-der-Donau piece). The bow arcs round in a semicircle. It is solid and triangular in cross-section - L.: 18.85mm (after break), H.: 6.2mm, Th. at base: 3.25mm. At its junction with the head/crossarm is a circular perforation (Dia.: 3.9mm) which would have taken the foremost knob.

YORYM-5674D5: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch. The spring pin is intact. The object has a classic trumpet head (hiding the spring). There is a decorated truncated cylindrical flange mid-bow, with a possible collar underneath with a knurled horizontal band. There is a collar above the footknob. The remains of the catchplate are on the reverse of the foot.

HESH-573696: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy plate brooch of early Roman date (50-150 AD). The brooch is broadly oval in plan with a sub-rectangular projection at either end. The edges of the brooch have been heavily abraded resulting in a considerable loss of metal. The brooch measures 28.6mm length, 16.3mm width is 5.9mm thick at the hinge and 1.7mm thick across the central plate. It weighs 2.51 grams. The front face is relatively flat in profile with a series of geometric (circular) cast designs. At the centre of the plate is a shallow recess which may originally have held enamel. Around the outer edge of the plate are two concentric circles forming a border, both of these have been cast. The rear of the brooch is also flat with a central rib from which the hinge and catchplate are formed. On the upper edge are the remains of a hinge plate consisting of two ribs which have been pierced to hold the pin. The axis bar and pin were probably formed of Iron as a localised area of iron corrosion is present. At the opposite edge to the spring are the remains of the catch-plate. This is cast integral to the brooch and is sub rectangular in plan and profile. The majority of it has been lost through a combination of abrasion and corrosion and the pin rest is missing. The brooch is a mid-dark green colour with an even but abraded patina which covers all surfaces. The brooch has been distorted by movement in the plough soil and this is most evident on the external faces. This plate brooch is similar to a number recorded in a Catalogue of Richard Hattatt’s Ancient Brooches all of which have been dated to the mid to late 1st century AD figure 201-202, page 342-43 especially examples 1561 and 510. Two similar brooches are also noted in Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain p 122-3, a good parallel for this example are 348-49 both are dated to similar periods as those in Hattatt’s catalogue.

NMGW-65B2A4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch of wheel type and dating to the late 1st- early 2nd century AD The brooch is near-complete, missing an area of the rim and the pin, and has a weight of 7.7g. The brooch has a hinge mechanism with twin lugs, now badly corroded and a copper alloy axis bar. The circular brooch frame has a diameter of 34.4mm. The rim of the brooch projects above the surface (with a thickness of 2.1mm) and has no peripheral lugs. The outside ring or felloe is comparatively wide at 7.0mm with a faceted internal panel, forming a low central ridge. The inner edge of the felloe also has a raised rim. The brooch has four arms of trapezoidal section and straight parallel sides. The central boss is circular (with a diameter of 7.1mm) and has a waisted side. The top of the boss is also concave and has an integral projecting knop of 2.7mm diameter, giving the brooch a height of 5.9mm (10.7mm overall depth). The brooch has good surface preservation with a pale to mid green patina. File marks from the finishing of the brooch are evident on the reverse. The brooch is similar to Green's (1982) Type 1b, but without ribbing on the arms.

YORYM-687C73: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch. The object has a classic form, with a trumpet head and D-shaped profile. There is a mid-bow encircling moulding with a lozenge motif. There are very worn raised ribs forming a collar above, and possibly below, the moulding. There is very little surviving of the catchplate.

CORN-72FD04: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch, circular in plan and flat in section. The edge of the brooch is defined by a ropework border, made up of groups of four raised oblique lines, alternating with plain sections. The interior of the decorated face holds a central bifid arch of foliage, ending in three points, and bordered above by nine circular beads and below by seven. This pattern, with internal foliage and external beading, resembles a 'paisley' print, brought to Scotland from India in the early 19th century. There are more patterns of foliage above the arch, but most of these are obscured by the iron corrosion product that surrounds the moulded decoration. There is extensive corrosion on the back of the brooch, which may suggest that the brooch originally had a backing plate of iron or steel which also held the pin. Bailey (1993) illustrates similar brooches on page 23, Nos.16 & 21, of base metal and gold respectively, which have similar decorative motifs, and are dated to c.1887-1920. Read (1988) illustrates a sheet gold and forged iron (back plate) solitaire, with foliate decoration, on page 188, No.1327; and a sheet and cast copper-alloy brooch, with moulded fleurets and curvilinear lobed knops around the edge, on page 189, No.1341, both of which are dated to the 19th century.

HESH-80E735: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy two-piece Colchester derivative (Dolphin) bow brooch of Roman date (43-150AD). The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated wing / end caps. The wing caps are missing and the axis bar and spring are lost. The spring would have been formed from a length of copper alloy wire which would have attached by an external chord through a raised pierced rib. This rib is located at the centre of the wings on the upper edge. The rib extends across the centre of the wing casing and forms a D shaped projection (similar to that seen on Trumpet brooches. This projection has been pierced and would presumably take the axis bar to give it added stability. The bow head of the brooch is hump-like, and slightly angular. The bow is D shaped in cross section. It tapers to blunt foot. On the reverse face of the bow is a slight vertical rib which is badly corroded and abraded. It would have expanded into a crescent shaped catchplate. The brooch measures 45mm length, 24.4m width (across the wings), 7.9mm wide across the bow, is 3.7mm thick and weighs 8.57 grams. The brooch is decorated with a series of cast designs. The cast designs are limited to the upper face of the wing cases and bow. The design consists of a vertical line of pellets extending from the rearward facing rib at the head of the brooch to the terminal of the blunt foot. Similar vertical moulded and cast designs are present at the tips of the wing casing. The brooch is a mid green colour with a corroded and abraded patina. Where abrasion has occurred a light green active powdery corrosion product is present. This affects all parts of the brooch. Similar styled brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt’s Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pages 298-299, fig; 157-159 and Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain pages 82-88.

HESH-80F5D6: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill, Mackreth 2001, 4.b-c) of Roman date (80-120 AD). The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated wing / end caps. The wing caps are incomplete and the axis bar and spring are lost. The spring would have been formed from a length of copper alloy wire which would have attached by an external chord to a rearward facing hook. This hook is located at the centre of the wings on the upper edge of the head of the bow. The bow head of the brooch is hump-like, and angular. The bow is D shaped in cross section. It tapers to a broken edge above the foot. On the reverse face of the bow is a small vertical rib which is badly abraded but would have expanded into a crescent shaped catchplate. The lower half of the bow has been bent to form a tight U shape. This must have occurred prior to deposition as there are no stress fractures in the metal or patina. The brooch measures 17.1mm length, 18.6m width (across the wings), 6.6mm wide across the bow, is 4mm thick and weighs 6.8 grams. The brooch is relatively plain and the only decoration present are two cast ridges at the junction between the bow of the brooch and the wing cases, and similar ridges on the ends of the wind caps. The brooch is a mid green colour with an even and mostly unabraded patina. Where abrasion has occurred it is slight and has only affected areas on the outer edges of the brooch. Similar styled brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pp 300 fig; 159 and Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain pp 89-92.

Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.f. Plate 47. It is 30mm long, 27mm wide and 14mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 6.32grams. The brooch has semi-circular wings which contain a spring of eight coils. The bow is semi-circular in section and is decorated with a central ridge of small raised squares which terminates in a chevron formed of two raised diagonal lines. below this point the brooch is damaged but the start of the catchplate can be seen.

LEIC-810C52: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46. It is 30mm long, 20mm wide and 10mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 7.45grams. The brooch has short semi-circular wings which are missing the spring. The bow is broad and has an uneven surface with traces of a ridge running down its centre. The reverse has a casting ridge, but is missing its catchplate.

CPAT-A77448: BROOCH
This Roman fibula in copper alloy is a typical Roman dolphin bow brooch, consistent with the 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete with the pin and lower section of the bow missing. There is evidence of iron staining within the head, indicative of the presence of an axis bar. The wings do not fully enclose the axis bar. The brooch is heavily corroded.

DENO-AF76A7: BROOCH
Roman brooch; fragment of cast copper alloy T-shaped brooch, Wilford type, dating to the 1st-2nd centuries. The fragment consists of the remains of the wings, the head and the top section of the bow of the brooch. It is very worn but it can be seen that there is a decorative boss at the head of the bow with incised lines and some moulding in relief, possibly representing an animal head. There are two further incised lines below this and the fragment breaks off just below these lines. Much of the original surface of the metal is missing. Length 21.2mm, width 21.6mm, thickness 5.8mm, weight 8.42g Ref: See the brooches in the bottom row of Hattatt, page 302 (fig 161), especially brooch 915

DENO-AF8F42: BROOCH
Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, ?West Midlands), cf.Mackreth 2011, 4.l.b. Plate 49. Very large, cast copper alloy Polden Hill brooch of flat wing ends type. The brooch has short, wide wings of oval cross section, each with a raised ridge around the end. The back of the wings has a large lump of rust-coloured iron corrosion surrounding the stubby remains of the hinged pin, indicating that the pin was made of iron. The bow of the brooch curves up and over the top of the wings. It is decorated with a broad band in relief running vertically over the wings and down to a large, circular stud at about the middle of the bow. The bow is undecorated beneath the stud, tapering to a small foot boss in the shape of a curled scroll. The catchplate is complete and curves elegantly down from the back of the bow, behind the stud. It is rolled at the edge to catch the pin and is decorated with an openwork, triangular void cut to follow the shape of the plate. The whole brooch is in excellent condition and the metal has a smooth, even, red-brown patina over its surface. Length 80.4mm, width 33.9mm, thickness 16.8mm, weight 48.19g Ref: Compare the brooches in Hattatt, page 300 (fig 159)

DENO-AFE8D3: BROOCH
Medieval brooch; cast copper alloy annular brooch with gilding and a ‘dagger’ style pin, of probable late 13th or 14th century date. The brooch is formed of a ring of copper alloy, which has been twisted to decorative effect, although unusually the twisting is only on one half of the ring, the other half being a simple, untwisted band. The band has a short, narrow pin bar. The pin is fastened around the pin bar by the metal of the pin dividing into two flat bands which are wrapped around the pin and joined at the back. The pin itself is roughly oval in cross section with a broad collar near the pin bar. It then tapers to a point, giving it an overall dagger shape. There are traces of gilding over the whole brooch. Diameter 21.1mm, thickness 2.9mm, weight 3.97g

YORYM-D2D4A3: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy annular brooch, dating to the Medieval period. The object is rectangular in section. There is a recessed notch for the pin attachment (the pin is missing). The face has a inscprition, but this is illegible. Similar examples are known from London.

NARC-D9CD66: BROOCH
Iron Age brooch: Cast copper alloy Colchester one-piece, c.55mm long when straight, 13mm wide (broken) and 13m deep at the head. The brooch is in poor condition with a patchy green-brown patina, and weighs 3.36 grams. The pin is no longer extant, but part of the spring remains, showing with a ridge running its length, but no decoration is visible (perhaps simply an effect of its condition of preservation). Only a small fragment of he catchplate (closest to the bow) is intact, and it is not possible to determine whether it was perforated.

CPAT-DA6ED2: BROOCH
This Roman fibula in copper alloy is similar to both the Polden Hill and Dolphin types of bow brooch. It has a decorative ridge running down the centerline of the bow. The wing/bar appears to be hollow with a fixing bar for the pin, some of which survives. Part of the catchplate also survives.

CPAT-DBDEC7: BROOCH
This Roman fibula in copper alloy is of the dolphin variety of the 1st century AD. The brooch and wings are finely crafted with a pierced catch plate which takes the form of three round holes. There is a small knob to the foot of the brooch. The brooch has a good 'bronze' patination, the pin is missing.

CPAT-E5A714: BROOCH
This Roman brooch fragment is typical of a 1st century dolphin fibula. The casting has a hollow wing where the spring would have been. There are the remains of a decorated central rib down the top of the bow. The brooch is heavily corroded but bears comparison with 1st century AD dolphin variants.

CPAT-E623B7: BROOCH
This Roman brooch fragment is typical of a 1st century dolphin fibula. The copper alloy casting shows a pronounced ‘dolphin’ head and the remains of a spring mechanism.

CPAT-E65B76: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Wirral type bow brooch dating to the 2nd century AD. It is incomplete, missing its headloop, pin and catchplate. It is very worn all over making detail difficult to see. The head is slightly rounded and would have had steps up to the headloop. These steps could have been decorated although it is not clear on this example. The upper bow is decorated with three vertical channels which would have been infilled with enamel in alternating colours giving a chequer board effect. Only fragments remain of some orange enamel. Below these panels the bow curves back giving an angle of c.45 degrees. The bow then narrows towards the foot which is missing leaving the brooch to end in a point.

KENT-E99F24: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy early Anglo-Saxon bow brooch, possibly a small long brooch. The brooch has a sub-rectangular head-plate with incised circle-and-dot design on the front. Projecting knops from the sides and top edge. There is a single perforated lug on the reverse with remains of an iron spring and pin. Plain, narrowed arched bow, which is broken just above the junction with the foot-plate.

CPAT-EC0264: BROOCH
This is a fragment of a Roman brooch/fibula in copper alloy of the dolphin type. It is probalble that it dates to the 1st century AD. There is clear evidence of a linear design running down the length of the bow and of the spring, still in situ on the back of the wing. There is some evidence of tinning on the surface.

KENT-FC33F2: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy miniature radiate-headed brooch. The terminal of the foot-plate is missing. No trace of the (presumably iron) spring or pin survives on the reverse, although both the catch-plate and lug for attachment of the spring are present.

LIN-FC3FE5: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy object, probably the catchplate from an early Roman brooch. The catchplate is flat, approximately triangular in plan and has a broken tapering end. The tip of the triangle is also incomplete and slightly rolled over. The surface has a dark brown patination.

LEIC-FE90C7: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 40mm long, 28mm wide and 14mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 13.13grams. The brooch has worn semi-circular wings and is missing its spring. It has lost most of its original surface but around the shoulder is a series of incised lines radiating towards a central rectangular protrusion. The catchplate is also missing.

LEIC-FE98C6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46. It is 27mm long, 18mm wide and 14mm thick. The brooch is in good condition with a brown patina and weighs 7.64grams. The brooch has broad semi-circular wings which contain a spring of 8 coils. The plain bow sits on a large semi-circular protrusion and is oval in section. It tapers gently but is missing its base and catchplate.

SUR-FE71C6: BROOCH
An annular medieval brooch with a gilded outer face. The back of the brooch originally had a separately-attached bar. Around the flat brooch were originally six large (6.02mm diam, 6.16mm long) dome-headed rivets (two of which are now missing), presumably purely decorative. There is no sign of a separate pin and the brooch may have been sewn on.

Enamelled copper alloy disc brooch. The brooch is circular and has a single pin lug and catchplate on the reverse. The face is decorated with a six pointed star; each point of the star terminates with a pellet, and each joining arm is curved. There is a pellet in the centre. The fields inside and outside the star contain red enamel. The copper alloy surface has been tinned or silvered.

CPAT-011A75: BROOCH
This appears to be the bow fragment of a dolphin brooch with the wings missing. The top surface of the bow has linear 'reeded' decoration along the upper half of the bow (towards the head), which terminates in a hollow that may have held a semi precious stone, or enamel. There is evidence of a catch plate at the foot of the bow. There is some evidence of a fixing hole for the spring/pin at the top of the bow. The surface has a mottled brown/green patination.

Roman copper alloy Polden hill variant brooch, 22mm long, 24mm wide and 7mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 5.24grams. The brooch has wide semi-circular wings which contain a spring of 9 coils. the bow is rectangular in form and tapers sharply and is decorated with a raised triangular ridge. the brooch is missing its base, pin and catchplate.

Roman copper alloy Dolphin type bow brooch, 31mm long, 10mm wide and 10mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 5.80grams. The brooch has very small, worn away wings with no spring present. It has a circular sectioned bow which is decorated with incised diagonal bands which run up to a ridge of small squares. The brooch is missing its base and its catchplate.

Roman copper alloy Headstud brooch, 33mm long, 12mm wide and 15mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 5.07 grams. The brooch has a rectangular head with the remains of a hinged pin in the centre. It has a rectangular sectioned bow which is decorated with a raised circle at its shoulder. Below this is a line of raised circles which is flanked by two lines of red enamel. The brooch is quite worn but appears to have further decoration running down the sides and it is missing its pin and catchplate.

LIN-11F457: BROOCH
Early Roman cast copper alloy brooch. The brooch is 'T-shaped', and has cylindrical wings in cross-section containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. The wing terminals are decorated each with a single deep channel. The bow is D-shaped in cross-section and tapers to the break half way down its length. The face of the bow is decorated with a moulded rib down the centre, and a sub-rectangular inset panel to either side. The foot is missing.

KENT-123BF2: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman plate brooch.

KENT-124472: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy object, possibly a medieval ring brooch.

SWYOR-1296C2: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman headstud brooch which is 50mm long, 20mm wide and 20mm thick. The bow and wings are decorated with rectangular transverse cells of enamel. The headstud is a circular cell which appears to be integrally cast. There is a circular head loop which has broken. The foot is rounded and worn so the details are not visible. This object was recorded from a photograph and details kindly provided by the finders. The pin mechanism and catch plate are not visible. Headstud brooches are usually dated from 75 - 200 AD (Snape, 1993).

YORYM-15D3A6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman Trumpet brooch. The head of the object is in the form of an inverted cone with the tip curving slightly to the side. There is a shank with a recessed centre; it is probable that the shank would have fit into something.

LEIC-F2BCC2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Hod Hill brooch, 23mm long, 21mm wide and 4mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 2.49 grams. The object consists of the upper half of the brooch which consists of a sub rectangular head plate which is decorated with a series of vertical incised lines. The upper part of this is turned on its self and would have had a central recess to hold the pin, which is missing. The plate is flanked by a semi-circular knop in the centre of each side. The bow is sub rectangular and is just narrower than the head plate. It has a concave collar where it joins the plate and has the remains of a catchplate running its length.

LEIC-F33701: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy knee brooch, 28mm long, 20mm wide and 9mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 6.14grams. The brooch is L shaped in form and rectangular in section. When viewed from the front it appears to be a narrow strip with a slghtly flared foot. When viewed from the side it consists of a rectangular shaped foot, which is twice as long as the body of the brooch and sits under a flat rectangular bow. At its top the bow widens to form a large sub-circular protrusion (or knee) and then it turns at a right angle. There is a small rectangular shaft which terminates in a small amount of semi-circular sectioned wing, which is covered in patches of iron staining.

LEIC-F37D43: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plate brooch, 27mm long, 22mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 5.03grams. The brooch is oval in form and rectangular in section with a central oval recess in its face. Between the recess and the edge is an area of enamelling which is largely white with six narrow bands of dark blue which appears to fade into the white. The reverse of the brooch contains the base of a short catchplate and a semi-circular lug with a patch of iron staining to one side.

SUSS-F573B1: BROOCH
Iron Age La Tene IBb type brooch dating to the 4th century BC. The brooch is complete apart from a small break in the spring. The head has a spring and pin cast as one piece with the brooch; it is 8.6mm wide. The spring was wound 4 times around a bar made of a separate piece of copper alloy wire; two coils to the left of the bow then an external chord above the head leading to two coils on the right. The outer coil on the right is 50% missing from old breaks. The pin is complete and circular in section, tapering gradually to the point where there is slight damage and a bend. The head rises at c.70 degrees from the spring before levelling with a relatively angular corner to form the main part of the bow. The bow is formed of a wide, oval, flat plate with a slight thickened bar running down the centre on the reverse. The face has nine circular perforations, four down each side and one in the centre which may have held ornaments. Several of the perforations have broken through the edge and it is possible the two closest to the head were always semicircular. Below the oval plate the bow bends down at 90 degrees (at which point it is oval in cross section) and then out at 90 degrees to form the foot. The foot runs along parallel to the bow with a widened catchplate to the right which is curved up 180 degrees. Beyond the catchplate the foot curves up and over 180 degrees terminating in a broad, flat trefoil with a circular piercing in the centre of each 'leaf'. One of the side leaves is bent down due to damage. It is 39.1mm long, 13.3mm wide at the widest point and weighs 4.45 grams. While the foot return terminal with its openwork trefoil foot can be paralleled by other British examples (e.g. Hattatt, R. (1989) Ancient Brooches and other Artefacts Oxford: Oxbow, No.1446 p13-15) its flattened bow with openwork circles around the edge and in the centre appears, from preliminary searches, to be unique in Britain and suggests the brooch is likely to be of Continental origin.

CAM-086A16: BROOCH
Fragment of Early-medieval copper-alloy cruciform brooch. The object consists of the middle section of the brooch complete with lappets and the bow. The reverse of the central section has the pin lug complete but without the pin. Decoration on the brooch consists of ring and dot decoration around the central rectangle and a median gully down the center of the bow. Length: 34.12mm; width: 23.30mm; thickness: 3.32mm; weight: 12.69g.

CAM-8395C3: BROOCH
A fragment of copper alloy early medieval Small Long Brooch. The object consists of the head of the object with one complete and two damaged cruciform projections. On the reverse is the semi-circular pin attachment, but with no pin. The foot of the brooch is missing. Decoration on the object consists of lines of small circles in a central square and on the outside of the projections. The brooch fragment measures 22.48mm in length; 31.19mm in width and is 1.32mm thick and weighs 5.11g.

CAM-842544: BROOCH
A Roman silvered copper alloy lozenge shaped plate brooch. The object has a divided knop at the top and bottom of the object and a large central roundel which is pierced by a central hole. The roundel has circles of decoration this central hole consisting of a twisted cable design. The central roundel would probably originally have been decorated with enamel but this is now missing. The reverse of the object is alsi silvered and has a pin lug and slightly damaged catchplate but no pin. The silvering on the surface of the brooch is still largely present although small patches are missing from the edges of the brooch face and patches on the rear. Length: 28.36mm; width: 18.21mm; thickness: 1.15mm; weight: 1.52g.

WILT-84F057: BROOCH
Fragment of Roman copper alloy bow brooch, consisting of the centre part of the bow only. It measures 29.1mm in length and weighs 5.0g. The brooch has a centre-button decoration with stylised acanthus mouldings above and below. On the other side of these are three horizontal rib mouldings, the centre one of which is decorated with tiny vertical incised lines. The (old) breaks occur either side of these. To one side - the upper bow - the bow is oval in section and measures 7.1x6.6mm. To the other side - the lower bow - is is T-shaped in section - flat bow 7.9mm wide and beginnings of catchplate extending to the reverse. 1st-2nd century in date.

Roman copper alloy brooch pin, 50mm long, 18mm wide and 6mm thick. The pin is in fair condition with a reddish patina and weighs 3.01 grams. The pin has a circular section and tapers to a point. It has a spring of two coils, from which extends a straight section, at right angles to the pin alignment. It is most likely part of a Colchester derivitive or Polden Hill bow brooch.

KENT-99C493: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy medieval annular brooch dating from the 13th to 14th centuries. The brooch is circular in plan and has a triangular cross section. It has a narrowed section, 1.1mm wide, which would have formed the bar around which a pin would have been fastened. On the inner surface of triangular section there are six unevenly placed drilled holes, in between which are small notches on the ridge of the triangular section. Egan et al (1991 p252) suggests that the drilled holes in these brooches are not intended to holed inserts but are designed to decorate the surface. A similar example can be seen in Evan and Pritchard's Dress Accessories number 1317. The brooch is 17.5mm in diameter, 2.7mm wide, 2.9mm thick and weighs 1.6g.

LEIC-ACD463: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plate brooch, 34mm long, 16mm wide and 10mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 4.99 grams. The brooch is sub oval in form and at its catchplate end has a terminal formed of a rectangular shaft flanked by two open circles (damaged). The other end has the remains of a similar rectangulr shaft and most of its sides are damaged. The body of the brooch is filled with enamel cells, it has a raised line running its length which cuts through the decoration. This consists of a central 'bowtie' of raised metal which is flanked by two triangles filled with blue enamel. The rest of the field has traces of reddish green enamel and is contained within a raised border. The brooch has two semi-circular lugs containing a hinged pin and the remains of a catchplate.

LEIC-ADABE0: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy cruciform brooch fragment, 19mm long, 8mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 2.17grams. The object consists of the upper part of the brooch and has a small rectangular head plate with a single knop on its upper edge. The sides are missing but the head plate has traces of the bow emerging from its base. The reverse has a circular lug which is corroded with iron.

CAM-B1C968: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch fragment. The fragment consists of the foot end of a large brooch. Part of the bow is present along with the openwork foot and catchplate that is missing the catchplate turnover. Length: 44.63mm; width: 15.34mm; weight: 5.12g.

SUR-B23824: BROOCH
A Roman brooch of Colchester type. Only the upper part survives. The spine is prominent and has zigzag lines along either side. The side wings are plain and part of the axial bar survives.

CAM-B250D2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch with no pin or catchplate turnover. The object is a 'T' shaped brooch. The bow is quite pronounced and an area of iron corrosion has covered up the pin mechanism. The brooch is plain and undecorated. Length: 44.77mm; width: 33.20mm; weight: 11.57g.

HAMP-F1ED74: BROOCH
The head and upper bow from a broken cast copper-alloy Roman Colchester derivative brooch with a double pierced lug spring attachment, dating to the 1st century AD. The double pierced lug is situated behind the head as is characteristic of this type. The axis bar, chord and sprung pin are all missing. The abraded wings are shallowly curved, up to 5.9mm wide and extend for 6.8mm (+/- 0.1mm) on each side of the head. They are seemingly plain, although they are very worn. The broken bow is formed of a tall central ridge flanked by smaller ridges on either side, with grooves between. In cross-section it is therefore sub-triangular. It is c. 9.75mm wide at the back of the head and tapers to a width of only 4.3mm at the point at which it has broken. This brooch now has a dull mid-green patina.

LIN-034FF1: BROOCH
A copper alloy annular brooch. The frame is circular in cross-section and has a copper alloy pin.

A large, incomplete copper alloy Trumpet brooch. The brooch has a convex oval head with a lug in the centre of the reverse that would have secured the spring. The spring and pin are missing. The bow is comma shaped in profile, S-shaped in cross-section and decorated with a fully rounded acanthus reel. The foot terminates with a reel. The catch-plate is intact.

Roman (1st century AD) incomplete cast copper alloy Colchester or Colchester derivative brooch. Only the foot and the large, sub-triangular catchplate survives. The catchplate has two perforations, one triangular and one ‘L’ shaped. There is a worn break at the top of the catchplate, where the bow would have continued. It is mid-green in colour. The fragment is 39.53mm long, 19.08mm wide, 4.61mm thick, and weighs 5.92 grams. Due to its large size, it is possibly of continental origin.

ESS-064A86: BROOCH
Roman (75-150AD) incomplete cast copper alloy ‘T-shaped’ brooch. The wings are tubular with a central slot for the now missing hinged pin. There is oblique moulding on the wings, and there are end grooves around the circumference of the wings. The bow is incomplete, with a worn break across it. The surviving section of the bow has a moulded central rib, with a horizontal groove at its base. The brooch has an uneven mid-green patina, with some pitting on the surface. The wings are 26.67mm wide, 5.15mm thick. The bow is 6.36mm wide, 4.79mm thick and has a ‘D’ shaped cross section. The surviving section of the brooch is 18.77mm long and weighs 5.63 grams.

ESS-064FB7: BROOCH
Roman (50-80AD) cast copper alloy Colchester derivative brooch. The wings are curved to cover the now missing spring mechanism. There is a broken rear hook on the head which would have secured the external chord of the spring. There are vertical ridges moulded on the wings. The bow has a ‘D’ shaped cross section. The bow is very worn, however it appears to have a slightly pronounced rib. The wings are 16.59mm long, the brooch is 24.39mm long and weighs 3.55 grams.

Roman (50-80AD) incomplete cast copper alloy two-piece Colchester derivative brooch. The wings are curved to hide the 10 sprung pin mechanism. There are two lugs on the reverse of the head, securing th axis bar and chord. The wings have some vertical grooves, and the incomplete bow has a pronounced rib. There is a worn break across the bow. The brooch has a mid-green patina. The wings are 21.01mm long. The surviving section of the brooch is 15.59mm long and weighs 4.59 grams.

ESS-065BB4: BROOCH
Incomplete late Iron Age to early Roman (1st century) cast copper alloy bow brooch, probably of a continental type. The wings are tubular, enclosing the spring mechanism. The bow is incomplete, with a worn break after a globular moulding. The brooch has a dark-green patina, however most of the original surface has been removed, with the metal being red-brown in colour. The wings are 17.55mm wide, 6.98mm in diameter, the bow is 5.13mm wide, 20.4mm thick and the globular moulding is 5.40mm wide and 7.39mm thick. The surviving section of the brooch is 21.24mm long and it weighs 4.15 grams.

ESS-065FD2: BROOCH
Late Iron Age to early Roman (20-60AD) incomplete cast copper alloy rosette 'Key-hole' type brooch. This type of rosette brooch did not have an arched bow. The brooch has a flat, circular plate bow with a splayed triangular foot. There is a rivet hole at the centre of the circular bow which would have been used to attach a boss or repousse plate. There is an incised zigzag line extending from this rivet hole along the length of the foot. The edges of the brooch are damaged and worn. The brooch has a mid green patina, and there is some corrosion on the surface of the bow. It is 37.90mm long, the bow is 22.80mm in diameter, and the foot plate is 9.42mm wide, increasing to 17.38mm wide at the terminal. It is 1.90mm thick, increasing to 5.50mm thick at the hinge mechanism. The brooch weighs 4.99 grams.

Late Iron Age to early Roman (c. 25-75 AD) incomplete Langton Down variant brooch. The wings are curved to encase the now missing spring mechanism. The bow is incomplete, tapering to a worn break. The surface of the brooch is extremely worn. The wings are 19.08mm long, the brooch is 18.34mm long and weighs 3.13 grams.

ESS-06CCB1: BROOCH
Late Iron Age to early Roman (20BC-40AD) copper alloy one piece Nauheim derivative brooch. The spring is incomplete, with only part of one coil surviving. The undecorated bow is circular is cross section, tapering in thickness towards the foot where a triangular catchplate extends from the reverse. The brooch has an olive green patina. It is 40.21mm long and weighs 1.79 grams.

ESS-06D207: BROOCH
Late Iron Age to early Roman (20BC-40AD) copper alloy one piece Nauheim derivative brooch. The brooch has a bilateral spring of four coils, broken before the pin extension. The undecorated bow is narrowed, with a flattened ‘D’ shaped cross section and it tapers towards the foot where a triangular catchplate extends from the reverse. The brooch has a mid to light green patina. It is 40.61mm long, 9.37mm wide across the spring coil, 4.07mm wide at the top of the bow, decreasing to 1.70mm thick. It weighs 2.85 grams.

Medieval copper alloy annular brooch fragment? 32mm long, 4mm wide and 1mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 1.2grams. The object consists of part of a loop which has a sub rectangular section, which chamfered edges running its length. Each present terminal has carved decoration in the form of a raised collar flanking a triangular sectioned area. Next to this the object has snapped at both edges. The reverse is flat and its surface contains filing marks.

KENT-074077: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy incomplete Colchester two piece brooch of copper alloy dating to the first century AD. The head of the brooch is present as is most of the bow, the foot and catch plate are missing, broken off with old breaks. At the back of the head is a double perforated lug through which the axial bar, round which the spring is wound, and the cord pass. Part of the spring and cord are still present, although they are loose. The axial bar and pin are missing. The arms of the cross bar curve around the spring creating a C shaped cross section, they are decorated on the front with two vertical grooves and measure 29.2mm wide and 3.9mm thick. The bow emerges from the top of the cross bar, and at this point is 10mm wide. Along the centre of the bow is a ridge, making the bow roughly triangular in cross section. Either side of the peak of this is a shoulder, from which the ridge curves to the edge of the bow. The lug is visible over the top of the bow, and is separated from the peak of the ridge by a small notch. The bow survies to a lenght of 31.8mm. The brooch is similar to 872 in (Hattatt 1989) and is very similar to number 165 in Bayley and Butcher (2004 p 83). Colchester brooches are most common through the middle of the 1st century AD (Bayley and Butcher 2004, pp. 148-150).

KENT-081F05: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy plate brooch, dating from the 2nd-3rd centuries. the brooch is formed of a flat oval with two concentric raised bands. In the centre of these bands there would have been a glass intaglio, which is now missing. Between the two bands, surrounding the intaglio there are traces of green enamelling surviving. on the flat reverse there is a pierced lug, through which the pin would have been hinged. there is also the remains of the catch plate, although the pin is missing. the brooch is 26.9mm long, 20.4mm wide, 2.6mm thick, and weighs 5.6g. For a very similar example see Hattatt No 1207.

KENT-08A680: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy skeuomorphic type brooch dating from the 1st or 2nd centuries. The brooch is enamelled and is lunular shaped, it has two cells of enamel both of which are lunular shaped and one is inside the other and off centre. The outer cell appears to have contained blue enamel but there is no trace of the enamel in the inner cell. On the reverse the spring attached to a single lug remains along with the vertical catch plate. the pin is missing. The back of the crescent has been broken away but both of the tips remain. the brooch is 19.9mm long, 7.3mm wide, 1.4mm thik and weighs 1.6g. Hattatt suggested that the type is native to Britain (Hattatt 1987 p 222. For an near identical example see Hattatt no 1146.

SUR-197868: BROOCH
A small fragment of a Roman bow brooch of uncertain form. The brooch fragment is flat and has a pair of transverse lines with longitudinal lines below. The remains of the catchplate are pierced with a circular hole.

HESH-1C6A25: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy and enamel decorated umbonate brooch, dating from the Roman period (100-250 AD). The brooch is hexagonal in plan with a large raised centrally positioned circular boss. In profile the brooch is D shaped. At each corner of the brooch is a small oval shaped knop. On the reverse face there is a large centrally positioned concave hole, which tapers to a narrow opening at the centre of the boss. On the upper edge is the remains of the pin, a circular projecting knop, whilst on the lower edge is a smaller and much abraded catchplate. The brooch measures 20mm in length, 16.6mm is 8.6mm thick, and weighs 4.58 grams. The boss has a diameter of 14.2mm. The raised boss on the front face of the brooch is decorated with a series of tessellating sub-rectangular panels each filled with alternating blue glass or red paste (probably enamel). The applied blue coloured glass is better preserved than the red enamel, whose colour has deteriorated and surface been abraded. At the centre of the boss is a projecting ring, with a slightly recessed ridge, this would have held a central stone or glass setting. This does not survive and there is no indication of the nature of the setting. The brooch is a mid green brown colour with a well preserved but abraded patina. The breaks on the reverse (catchplate and pin) are worn and patinated suggesting damage in antiquity. Bayley and Butcher (“Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection” 2004) comment that the brooch type (Hull T267B), “..occur all over Romanized Britain in both military and civil sites and on native sites such as Traprain. However, they appear to be missing from Hadrian’s Wall, and the Scottish forts in which they appear were occupied in Agricola’s advance; this suggests that they are a first century product.” In her “Brooch timeline”, Worrell (2007) dates umbonate brooches, which also includes larger types than that described in this record, to the period AD100-AD250.

SUR-1D5263: BROOCH
A fragment comprising the upper part of the bow of a small Roman bow brooch of two-piece Colchester type. The remains fo the short side wings are plain. The spine has a prominent spine and side ridges.

SUR-2C9A84: BROOCH
A one-piece Colchester brooch of late Iron Age/early Roman date. The iron spring and pin and catchplate are missing. The bow is long and slender with a circular section.

NCL-7F9C81: BROOCH
A nummular brooch of the Medieval period, TAQ 1279. Dr Barrie Cook of the British Museum writes: 'The coin is a silver groat (fourpence) of King Edward I, issued in 1280-1. The fineness of the coin will be of the official sterling silver standard, 92.5% fine metal. However, the coin has been converted into a piece of jewellery, a brooch, by two additions, one presumably to enable it to be sewed to a garment and the other being a hook aligned with it. The coin also shows signs of gilding. Edward I introduced the large silver groat in 1280, but it did not become a successful part of the currency at this time: only in 1351, with Edward III's revival of the denomination, did this occur. It is a relatively rare coin, therefore. However, the features that made this coin a brooch are in fact common for the Edward I groats: of the 59 previously-known examples of this coin, 14 show such signs. It is also the case that, since this is a relatively rare coin, these additions are sometimes removed for commercial advantage, so this proportion is only a minimum. The Middleton find adds a 60th example to the corpus and another to those known to have survived in brooch form. Other, similarly-sized coins were also converted into brooches in England at this time, as finds attest - mostly gros tournois of the contemporary kings of France. On both groups of coins, the English and French, the side of the converted coin on display in its brooch form and usually gilded is that with a prominent cross design: for the English groat, this is the reverse of the coin, and it is the portrait and name of the king that is hidden under the attachments.'

LIN-81EF15: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy hinged dolphin brooch, or 'two-piece Colchester brooch'. The wings are cylindrical in cross-section containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. The face of the wings are decorated with a vertical groove at either terminal, and a diagonal groove along the centre. The bow is comma shaped in profile, D-shaped in cross-section and decorated with a moulded rope-design down the centre. The catchplate is missing.

2008 T663 Post-Medieval silver artefact British Museum Report: Silver artefact, cast, baluster shaped, with two terminals. On the back remains of two projecting knops at either end, perhaps originally for a brooch fitting, now missing. On the back also a maker's mark perhaps GM and a hallmark resembling a lion passant. I am uncertain as to how to place this object. Its function or dating is unclear, but from the facture it would seem to me modern, almost certainly post 1709. Therefore, in all probability, this item is not Treasure as stipulated by the Treasure Act 1996. Dr Dora Thornton, Curator of Renaissance Collections

WMID-954AA2: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy bow brooch dating from the Roman period. The brooch is related to the trumpet-headed series. Mass: 8.2g; length: 32.1mm; width: 16.4mm; measurement from front to reverse: 12.3mm. The brooch has an incomplete head that is sub-oval in plan with a plate-like extension at the top. The reverse of the head is broadly flat with a transverse cross bar with the stub of a hinged pin in a slot just off-centre. The front of the head adjoins an incomplete bow which has an arched profile. The bow, which has an oval cross-section, terminates in a bulbous moulding. The brooch has a pitted and corroded green surface. The head is decorated with incomplete blue champlevé enamelling. The design consists of two curve sided triangles with central circular decoration to either side of the front of the head. Within this design, two curved portions at either side of the head retain most of their blue enamel fill. The edges around the head and plate-like extension are all incomplete, although this damage does not appear to be recent. The bottom of the moulding on the bow is uneven and it is likely that the bow continued below this (e.g. see description of brooches of the trumpet headed and related series in: “Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection” (Bayley and Butcher, 2004). Bayley and Butcher state that trumpet headed brooches, “…are the most original products of the British brooch industry in the Roman period” (ibid. p160). Developments of the basic form occurred (e.g. see p.168-9). Whilst incomplete, the brooch described here appears to have the trumpet head, arched bow with moulding associated with the form, but it also has an extension plate at the top of the head. The distinctive head of the trumpet brooch and presence of a moulding on the bow is thought to derive from some pre-Roman Aylesford brooches (ibid.). In her “Roman Brooch Timeline”, Worrell (2007) dates trumpet brooches to AD75-AD175.

NCL-AA11A1: BROOCH
A cast disc brooch of the late Roman or Early Medieval periods. The brooch is incomplete, with about 25% of the plate missing from one side. It has been cast solid, with an integrally cast lug and catchplate. No pin remains. The plate is circular in plan, and has a raised inner circle. In the centre is a conical stud, which probably had a flattened disc at the tip but which has now broken off. There are traces of gilding on the face and tinning or silvering on the reverse. In overall shape and appearance the object matches Roman examples, but the solid casting of the disc and metallurgy is different from most Roman examples, suggesting perhaps a late Roman or Early Medieval production date.

LVPL-AA50F4: BROOCH
Copper alloy annular Medieval brooch. It is complete with the pin and frame. The frame is plain and is circular in cross-section. The pin is slightly unusual as it has a central circular boss with a light blue stone set into it. The pin is hooked around the frame and tapers towards the end. The boss appears to have been cast integrally to the pin, except for the reverse which may have been added later. The boss could be stone or glass it was not possible to ascertain at the time. The brooch has an uneven brown/green patina due to corrosion. Some of the original surface has been lost.

NCL-AAAB44: BROOCH
A decorated cast, copper-alloy plate brooch of the early Roman period. The brooch is pelta-shaped, with a broad body in which the central upright and the tipped wings of the pelta all face upward (the brooch is almost a complete circular disc, with small sub-circular cutouts that make the pelta shape). The central upright has a flattened circular terminal with a small circular cavity in the centre. The wing-tips also have circular terminals (half as large as that of the upright) with central cavities. Around the edge of the body, there is a small circular lug every 45 degrees. The body is also slightly convex. The body is decorated in relief with swirling plant motif to either side of a central row that is ladder-shaped. There is also an outer border of dogtooth. Some of the cells of the dogtooth have blue enamel, and some of the cells of the central ladder have orange enamel. There are small traces of blue enamel in the side panels, and perhaps also of white enamel. The reverse has retained the lug and hinge pin, which is humped inward and corroded in place. The catchplate is positioned beneath the central upright, but it has lost the hooked catch for the pin, leaving only the plate.

NCL-ACA2A8: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloya late Iron Age to early Roman Colchester brooch. The brooch is incomplete, lacking a catchplate and spring-pin. The bow is circular in section and tapers as it approaches the foot. The even arc of the bow in profile has also been lost due to bends just above the break of the catchplate and just below the head. The head has two very short arms to either side as well as the base of the spring pin where it emerges from the head.

NCL-ACADB5: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy (probably brass) birdlip-type brooch of the early Roman period, dating to the 1st century. The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring-pin and most of the catchplate and foot. The solid head is slightly trumpet-shaped with a medial ridge and raised semi-circular panels along the sides. The base of the head has a transverse disc with a moulded collar above and below it, and the hooked 'beak' typical of the type below the disc. The bow is X-shaped in section, with an openwork catchplate emerging at the bottom of the bow.

NCL-ACB742: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy trumpet-related brooch with a projecting disc on the bow from the early Roman period, probably dating to the 2nd century. The head is a compressed trumpet type with lugs on the reverse and the remains of a spring coil. The upper part of the bow has a spade-shaped ornament with a central band running from the head to a downward projecting disc that emerges from the bow at its midpoint. The projecting disc is worn, but it was originally tiered, with a slightly raised in disc, leaving an unraised outer crescent. The bow continues below the disc and is T-shaped in section, with the top of the T slightly domed toward the outside. The foot has broken just where the catchplate began to emerge from the bow. In profile the bow is slightly question-marked (?) in shape.

NCL-ACC028: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Hod Hill type brooch of the early Roman period, dating to the mid 1st century. The brooch is incomplete, missing the head as well as the pin, with only the bow remaining. The bow has a square upper panel ribbed, but with no evidence of lugs. Below are three, perhaps four cross mouldings, with the bow tapering toward the footknob. There is a raised band of cross moulding just above the footknob. Most of the catchplate remains, except for the hook. There is no evidence for tinning.

SUR-AD4356: BROOCH
A fragment from the spring of a bow brooch of Roman date.

LIN-AD89A0: BROOCH
Complete medieval copper alloy annular brooch. The brooch frame is circular in cross-section and has a restriction for the pin. The pin is collared and intact. Parts of the frame and pin surface still retain evidence of silvering or tinning

LIN-AE4E27: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy headstud brooch. The brooch has cylindrical wings in cross-section containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is intact. The wing faces are flat, rectangular and decorated with vertical grooves. There is a small suspension loop at the top. The bow is comma shaped in profile and rectangular in cross-section. The front of the bow is decorated with a row of ten lozenges set within a rectangular field. The lozenges are filled with turquoise/blue enamel whereas the fields surrounding it contain red. The bow terminates with a half-rounded reeled foot. The catchplate is intact.

NARC-B2A2B2: BROOCH
Central fragment of Copper alloy early medieval cruciform brooch. Rectangular head plate with expanded wings, upper and left wing broken off. Arched bow with faceted corners convex in front and concave behind, with evidence of a central square stud, although the top of the bow is very worn and chipped. Evidence of lappets, or wings, expanding from the plate beneath the central stud, although only a fragment of the left one remains. Foot is missing. At the rear, in the centre of the rectangular head plate is a circular hoop on a vertical axis, which would have acted as a hinge for the pin. The upper central area of the lug is missing. Brooch is worn and corroded.

LEIC-C08816: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy ring brooch, 21mm in diameter and 2mm thick. The object is in good condition with a brown patina and weighs 2.43grams. The brooch is decorated on its face with a series of transverse notches of varying length. It has a wrap around pin which tapers in width and its reverse is plain.

LEIC-C41622: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy, gold and enamel brooch, 25.5mm in diameter and 5.5mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 5.39grams. The brooch is circular and has a series of six circular protrusions around its edge, these may have held enamel but are now hollow. The whole of the surface is filled with enamel consisiting of a pattern of three small semi-circles of different colours, red and white can be seen, the third is missing. These are surrounded by crescents of a dark blue. The fourth quarter has a large crescent of dark blue. The rest of the field is filled with a paler blue. The object appears to have two bands of copper alloy containing the decoration. The reverse has traces of a lug and pin and there are traces of gilding on the surface.

NARC-C5C5B6: BROOCH
Fragment of copper alloy zoomorphic brooch. Possible fragment of Roman horse and rider brooch, typically of 2nd Century AD. Horses head and part of narrow body. Grooves around outline of head and a series of vertical lines demark the mane. Circular indent in centre of head suggests an eye. Indentation on the snout suggestive of a mouth. Horizontal groove running along the narrow body may have held enamel, although no enamel survives currently. The reverse is flat apart from a small catch attached on a horizontal axis to the reverse of the “shoulder” area.

HAMP-D570C6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy plate brooch after the style of the Dragonesque type (late 1st to late 2nd century AD). The brooch is a moulded S-shape, with an expanded central area which features five recessed cells divided by diagonal ribs. These are filled with enamel: seemingly red in the central sub-rectangular cell and the curved triangular cells at the ends, and a different colour in the other two sub-rectangular cells. The sides of this zone are steeply bevelled. The bow is broken at a narrow point (W.: 3.5mm), presumably its centre. At the surviving terminal the zoomorphic head is absent, rather there is a large circular perforation (Dia.: 6.1mm) with a phallic protrusion beyond. The penis is rendered in profile with a small semicircular testicle, and moulded glans, defined by a transverse incision. Looped around the circular hole is a thick sheet pin, simply curled round at the attachment end (L.: 30.65mm). In profile the pin can be seen to curve downwards, then upwards, before curving downwards again to the tip. Viewed in plan it can be seen to have been bent considerably to one side. The body of the brooch has also been bent - downwards slightly at the break. The artefact now has a dull mid-green patina.

LVPL-D61123: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy dragonesque brooch. The brooch has the main body and the head present but the terminal is missing (which would have been another head), as is the pin and catchplate. The brooch forms an 'S' shape in plan with the head curving down and back towards the body. The brooch is plain on the reverse and decorated on the front. The main body has a raised elongated oval section split into panels for enamel. Red, yellow and green fragments remain. The body narrows to a neck, leading to a head which has a long upturned nose and a bulbous head. The eye is a circular groove. At the base the body narrows, leading to another head but this has now broken off. Dragonesque brooches are usually symmetrical so the other head would have been the same design as the one which remains. Dragonesque brooches date from the Conquest period through to the mid 2nd century AD.

LVPL-D62988: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy dragonesque brooch. The brooch has the main body and one head present but the terminal is missing, as is the pin and catchplate. The brooch is plain and flat on the reverse. It is slightly domed giving it a D-shaped cross section. It is an 'S' shape in plan with the head curving down and back to touch the body. The part that is missing is another head which would make the brooch symmetrical. The body narrows towards the neck which leads to the head. It has a bulbous upturned nose with a circular hollow indicating the nostril. The eye is represented also by a circular hollow. The ear is almost oval shaped and has a central groove which is present on both the front and the back. Dragonesque brooches date from the Conquest period to the mid 2nd century AD.

LVPL-D853D7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Headstud type bow brooch dating from c.70 through to the late 2nd century. The brooch is mostly complete although the catchplate and pin are missing and the headloop has broken off. It is a hinged type and the top of the pin is still present. The wings are broken at the ends but would have had square ends. They have moulded steps from the centre to the end. There is a circular boss at the top of the bow. Below this the decoration starts and goes all the way to the foot. This consists of lozenge shaped hollows in which enamel would have been. All the enamel is now missing. The foot is a simple rounded knob.

SWYOR-15B660: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman dolphin brooch dating from AD 55 - 100. The brooch has no foot and a small catch plate. The design on the bow is very simple with three grooves and a long plain cylinder for the wings. It has a hinge mechanism and the pin is absent. It has a deep brown, black hue. It measures 50.7mm x 33.9mm x 15mm, weighing 12.33g. For similar example see 'A visual catalogue of Richard Hattatt's ancient brooches' p.299, no.889.

CORONER'S REPORT A cast silver annular brooch of the Medieval period. Description A small medieval silver annular brooch. Half of the frame, to one side of the pin, is formed of a twisted wire of square section, with a row of granulation on each face. The other half is flattened, engraved with a series of squares. The pin survives, attached to a constriction in the frame.

SF-2A29B3: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon coin-brooch. The object is a silver penny of Edward the Confessor (1042-66), of the Hammer Cross type, c. AD 1060, which has been mounted as a brooch or badge. The original coin was minted in Thetford, probably by the moneyer Godlef, although the secondary treatment of the coin means that most of the inscription is no longer legible, with only __FONÐET__, from the middle of the reverse inscription clearly legible. The reverse of the coin, showing a cross, has been gilded for display, and five holes have been pierced in the coin, one in the centre and one at the end of each arm of the cross, into which silver bossed rivets have been inserted, with the domed bosses projecting as additional decorations against the gilded background. Four of these are still in place, but one of the outer ones is missing, leaving a hole. Part of the hinge attachment for the pin remains in place, as does the base of the catchplate. These have been soldered into place, rather than riveted. There is considerable distortion of the obverse behind the join with the fittings, including damage to the gilding, and it seems likely that this damage occurred when the fittings were attached. The fact that this has damaged the gilding, and this damage has not been repaired, together with the missing bossed rivet, may indicate that work on the brooch was abandoned once it became clear that this damage had taken place. The object has been not been subjected to metallurgical testing, since the bulk of it is a coin, and sufficient previous analysis of the coinage of this period has taken place to indicate a high silver content, far in excess of the threshold of 10% set down by the Treasure Act (1996). The addition of gilding and silver fittings will not have diminished the precious metal content significantly, and may even have added to it. As established by the precedent of several previous treasure cases, while a single coin would not normally be considered Treasure, the secondary treatment means that it must be considered as an object, rather than a coin, and therefore qualifies as Treasure.

SUR-2CD136: BROOCH
An incomplete Iron Age cast copper alloy La Tene brooch, probably type 1B dating to the period 400 to 275 BC. The head of the brooch originally consisted of four coils to the spring with two loops located on either side of the bow. Only two survive. The bow is curved in section and leaf-shaped in plan. The upper surface of the bow is decorated with two ribs and grooves which form a lentoidal shape. The crests of the surface decoration have a central valley creating twin bands to each. The underside of the bow is plain.The end of the foot, catchplate and toe are missing from an old break. The spring of the brooch remains intact. Similar brooches are shown in Hattatt, Ancient Brooches and other Artefacts (1989) p15; No. 1447/1447. For a similar object on the PAS database, cf. SUR-2CD136

LVPL-2E9AF7: BROOCH
Romano-British trumpet brooch. Small oval head, undecorated bow apart from a rib around the centre of the bow with oval decoration on it. The foot and catchplate are undecorated and the pin is missing.

DOR-41F0C6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy La Tène I brooch. A large one piece bow brooch. At the head is the spring of coiled wire and its external chord. This was drawn from the main body of the brooch. Below this the brooch expands into D-sectioned arching bow, dropping to a tapered foot with a hooked catchplate to the right side. Beyond this the foot continues into a backward hooked tail with a knopped "snake-head" terminal. There are cast decorative ridges on the tail before the expanded terminal. The pin is not attached to the spring, but has been added to the brooch by curling it over the hollow, tubular axis bar through the coils. This may be a “Wessex “type brooch which Hattatt notes have a false spring, but as the pin is too short to reach the catchplate it may be a standard one piece brooch which has been broken and mended. Date: Iron Age - La Tène I - 4th to 3rd century BC Dimensions: 58.78 mm x 14.84 mm x 16.21 mm Weight: 15.36 g Reference: Similar to Hattatt, R, 2000, "A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches", page 288, Fig 147, No. 725

Incomplete Roman Headstud or T-shaped brooch, missing its pin, catchplate and foot. It is exceedingly worn and corroded. It measures 34.8mm in length and weighs 7.5g. The wingspan is 16.7mm and they are apparently tubular (the corrosion product makes this difficult to see). The top of the pin is just visible in its centre slot. To the front, the bow extends forward a little way before dropping in a curve. At the top is a small rectangular projection above a moulded inverted tear-drop shape. Below this the bow seems to have a central rib, although all original patina has been lost. To the reverse of the bow, the jagged edge of the catchplate remains from the top of the bow’s curve. Late 1st/ 2nd century in date.

HAMP-51B3A4: BROOCH
An incomplete gilded copper-alloy nummular brooch of late early-medieval date (11th century AD). Perhaps two-thirds of the artefact survives, bent; only a limited section of the circumference is extant. This is effectively a repoussé disc brooch, decorated unifacially with a design raised up from below. The design is that of a crowned, bearded and ?draped bust facing right, with a sceptre to the right, all within a beaded border. Between the border and the surviving circumference are the letters '?EDAA?', with a faint beaded border towards the circumference. The brooch seems to be imitating a coin, as with an example illustrated in Mills (2001, 48; ref. AS103). Further, it would appear to be imitating a coin brooch, that is a gilded and mounted coin. On the quoted example and many 11th-century coin brooches the reverse [cross] tends to be displayed, rather than the obverse bust as in this instance. However, this brooch is still dated to the main period of popularity of coin brooches - the later 11th century, and specifically the reigns of Edward the Confessor and William I. The bust displayed on this brooch approximates best to the bearded bust facing right on some of the coins of Edward the Confessor, although it is considered that the portrait is better rendered on this object; as such it is not thought that the brooch was made using a genuine coin die. It is also larger than contemporary coins. The lower surface of the brooch is plain apart of some overspill of the obverse's gilt near the circumference. Towards the surviving section of circumference is a rectangular strip folded together at two points to make a double lug. The folds have been pierced; one retains part of what was presumably the axis bar around which the pin would have looped.

Roman copper alloy brooch fragment, 20mm long, 15mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 5.01grams. The object consists of a spring of 7 coils with part of the pin protruding from its centre. It sits in front of a narrow band which is integral to a central circular sectioned protrusion about 8mm long.

Roman copper alloy Headstud brooch, 31mm long, 15mm wide and 4mm thick. The brooch is in poor condition with a green patina and weighs 5.98grams. The brooch has a hinged pin sitting in circular sectioned wings. The loop in the centre is damaged, with just the base remaining. The rectangular sectioned bow is decorated with a circular stud, which is quite worn, and four small rectangular recesses running its length. The end is missing and there is no sign of a catchplate.

WMID-5918F1: BROOCH
An incomplete Iron Age cast copper-alloy La Tene I brooch. Length: 37.7mm, width: 7.0mm; measurement from front to reverse: 17mm; mass: 6.1g. The brooch consists of a bow which is C shaped in profile with the remains of the foot at one end. A bilateral spring would have been at the other end but this is missing. The bow has a D shaped section, and tapers from the centre to the ends. In plan, the foot is angled to one side slightly, with a slight vertical groove, possibly caused wear on this side. The brooch is decorated with a line of small raised rectangles within a median linear recess running down the bow. The brooch has a heavily pitted green coloured surface. In Iron Age Artefacts (2004, p.3), Worral dates La Tene I brooches to c.450 B.C. – c. 250 B.C.

SUR-5A47F6: BROOCH
The bow and part of the catchplate from a one piece brooch of Late Iron Age date. The bow is of strip form and there is a ribbon of punched squares which runs centrally along the spine.

SWYOR-6E8058: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch; a headstud variant. The head and wings are comprised of a curved semi-circular piece with a loop in the centre at the back. This would have held the spring mechanism for the pin. On the front of the head there is a small piece of copper alloy folded forwards to form a hook under which part of the spring mechanism would have clipped. There is also a boss moulding just below the head with a white enamel spot within a ring of ?blue enamel and an outer ring of bare metal. Down the bow are a series of rectangular mouldings containing enamel, alternating white and red. The bow terminates in a foot which is discoidal. The catch plate is slightly broken and the bow has been bent in antiquity so it appears more straight than it should be. It measures 56.3mm x 21.4mm x 2.6mm, weighing 12.99g. It has a green patina. Richard Hattatt's 'Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches' (2000) dates this type to the 2nd century AD.

SWYOR-6EA057: BROOCH
A copper alloy late Roman or early Medieval Penannular brooch. This has a thick penannular ring with fine circumferential grooves on the front of the circular frame in sections. The pin is still present and is one piece of metal with one end flattened to wrap around the frame. The terminals are broad and cuboid with champfered corners. They are decorated with five dots on the front face of each terminal. Fowler describes this as a type G brooch. This type dates to the 4th-7th century AD (PAS Northern Regional Report, Treasure Hunting Sept 2008, p.23). It measures 29.4mm x 24.2mm x 4.6mm, weighing 8.31g.

WAW-1CFC1D: BROOCH
A Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 4.b. Plate 46. Dating AD 80-120. The copper alloy brooch is incomplete with most of the bow missing. The wings are semi-cylindrical, and terminate with an incomplete perforated wing cap. The wings are undecorated. At the upper edge of the wings and bow head there is an integral lug which would have held the chord in place. The axis bar, spring and pin are missing. The bowhead is hump-like in profile and is undecorated. The bow is oval in section and tapers to a broken edge. The surface of the brooch has an abraded surface which is very dark grey, and may be a type of coating rather than a patina. It measures 29.89mm long, 16.56mm wide across the wings and weighs 5.39g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type. Bayley and Butcher (2004:160) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands and suggest they date to AD80 to 120. Bayley, J. and Butcher, S., 2004Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection London: Society of Antiquaries

LON-A96FC4: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy, high tin bronze, plate brooch (Conquest period 43-65AD). This is thin plate brooch is crescent-shaped; the two tips of the crescent curve inwards and abut and on each terminal there is a ring and dot motif. Projecting from each side is a circular knop again decorated with a ring and dot motif. On the edge opposite the crescent tips are twin lugs and an axis bar which would have secured another element of the brooch, now missing. The front surface is decorated with an inset circular cell with a central perforation and a ring of transverse ridge and grooves. Other examples of plate brooches sometimes have niello or studs of glass or organic material held in place by rivets or repoussé-decorated metal foil soldered on to the main plate (Bayley & Butcher 2004:155). On the reverse are twin lugs with an iron axis bar securing the pin and a catchplate. The axis bar has corroded and fixed the pin permanently at the furthest reach of its movement. Dimensions: length: 36.53mm; width: 32.77mm; thickness: 1.55mm; weight: 6.12g. References: Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004. Roman Brooches in Britain. The Society of Antiquaries, London. Hattatt, R. 2000. A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt’s Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books, Oxford Type 24d1 e.g. from Lézignan, Corbières, Gaujac in M. Feugère 1985, Les Fibules en Gaule Méridionale de la conquête à la fin du V siècle après J.-C. Revue Archéologique de Narbonnaise, Supplément 12, Pl. 147 no. 1854

SWYOR-A9A167: BROOCH
A fragmentary copper alloy Early Medieval Great Square Headed Brooch of which only the bow survives. The fragment is rectangular and arched. It has a central vertical ridge with a circular boss in the middle. Chip carved decoration is present on either side of the central ridge though corrosion and dirt obscure the details of the pattern which is in Anglo Saxon Style I animal art style. There are traces of gilding at the top and bottom of the fragment on the front. There appears to be a repair in one corner of the fragment. A small square plate of copper alloy sheet affixed by a copper alloy rivet is visible on top of the decorated surface. A corresponding piece of copper alloy sheet is also visible on the reverse but again, the details are obscured. In the same corner, the fragment has a projection to the side which is part of the head of the brooch. The back is undecorated. The brooch dates from the 6th and measures 43.5mm x 27.6mm x 8.22mm, weighing 22.88g.

LIN-BCF176: BROOCH
Early Roman copper alloy T-shaped brooch, probably a 'sawfish' variety or even a headstud. The brooch has flat rectangular wing faces with a cylindrical wing case behind, containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. There is an incomplete suspension loop at the top in the centre. The bow is rectangular in cross-section, comma shaped in profile and missing its terminal. The surface is veruy worn but there appears to be a small stud or crest at the top of the bow in the centre. The sides of the bow are also very worn but appear to be serrated.

SUR-D75196: BROOCH
A fragment of a medieval buckle. The fragment comprises a corner on which is an integral quatrefoil incised with a cross. On the remaining length of one arm is a pair of short grooves.

HAMP-D7E2E3: BROOCH
A bent and slightly corroded incomplete cast copper-alloy artefact: probably a brooch of medieval date, perhaps earlier. The original artefact is assumed to have been annular; around two-thirds now survives. One end appears complete and terminates in a lozenge with a sub-square outward protrusion just before. It is plausible that there would have been a similar opposing arrangement, but the artefact has now broken. The object widens from c. 5.1mm at the break to a maximum width of c. 7.5mm. It the tapers to a width of c. 4.2mm before the terminal (max. W.: 9.8mm). There is a perforation at the wide point, recessed on the lower surface. There appears to also be a failed drilling adjacent. There is a further perforation in the sub-square protrusion. The object has a sub-triangular cross-section, being bevelled externally and internally on the upper surface and flat on the lower surface. The externally bevelled face features rectangular moulded fields each decorated with three longitudinal grooves. The lozengiform terminal appears to be decorated with punched crescents. The artefact has been bent in profile as a result of old damage. It is now a dark grey-green colour with areas of lighter corrosion product. As this find has been difficult to parallel the identification and dating remain tentative. It can be compared with SWYOR-833234 on this database.

LEIC-FA3FB3: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plate brooch, 41mm long, 8mm wide and 2mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition witha brownish patina and weighs. The brooch is in the form of a dagger or sword and consists of a semi-circular pommel with a short handle and projecting guard. The blade terminates in a point and one side has a sub triangular bulge. The blade and the pommel have raised edges and may have held enamel. The reverse has two semi-circular lugs sitting at the top of the blade and the remains of a catchplate can be seen just at its tip. The brooch has bent slightly in two places.

CPAT-254792: BROOCH
This copper alloy piece is a fragment of a Roman trumpet brooch from the 1st – 2nd century AD. The lower part of the bow, the foot, the axis pin and spring, are missing. The head is circular and flared with an inverted ‘V’ moulding from the top of the head down either side of the bow. The central section of the bow appears to have had three moulded circular rings, two of which remain intact. The lug on the back of the head is pieced for the now missing pin. The surface has a mottled dark green/brown patination.

CAM-3E8A56: BROOCH
Early medieval gilded copper alloy button brooch dating from 450-550 AD. The brooch consists of a small saucer shaped disc of copper alloy with a raised rim. The design on the brooch consists of an anthropomorphic face with pronounced eyebrows, nose and frowning mouth encased within a circular barley-twist outline. The back of the brooch has a catchplate missing the catchplate turnover and a very corroded iron pin that is no longer discernable from corrosion products surrounding it. Diameter: 19.53mm thickness: 1.19mm weight: 6.04g

SUR-E44AE3: BROOCH
Fragment of a copper alloy Roman brooch, 24mm in length. The fragment consists of the catchplate and a portion of the bow, which is narrow, with an eliptical cross section 1.8mm thick. The bow is undecorated aside from a transverse ridge and knop at the foot. Circa 1st-2nd century AD.

CAM-408664: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plate brooch dating from 100-300 AD. This brooch is almost identical to fig. 640 in Hattat’s Visual Catalogue (pg.364). It consists of a roundel of copper alloy decorated with two concentric rings and with a large conical central boss of green glass. The glass is in fine condition with little surface corrosion and has a beautiful green hue, although it has suffered a large crack, crossing the circumference of the boss. The catchplate and pin are both present on the reverse of the brooch, although both are partially obscured by corrosion of the copper alloy from which they are made. Diameter: 28.40mm; thickness: 16.71mm; weight: 13.97g

CAM-409F65: BROOCH
Late early-medieval copper alloy disc brooch with interlacing decoration, belonging to the East Anglian Series type and dating from the late 9th or 10th century. The decoration on the object consists of a central lozenge with sunken circle inside, surrounded by an interlacing symmetrical pattern. The reverse has a catch-plate set parallel to the edge of the brooch, and a patch of iron corrosion where the pin lug once was. The pin is missing. Diameter: 27.30mm; thickness: 1.84mm; weight; 7.26g. A similar brooch can be seen in Hattat's Visual Catalogue (fig. 1692, pg. 379).

KENT-442BC5: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman Colchester derivative brooch. Present is the head, bow and part of the pin and spring. The bow is sub rectangular with a raised central longitudinal rib. It has plain cylindrical wings, loop at top with spring through. Only one half of the spring is present and it has 6 coils. It is in a fair condition and has a green patina. Brooches such as this date to the 1st century AD. A similar example can be seen in Hattatt A visual catalogue p 301 Record updated by Jessica Bryan on 18/03/2011

KENT-574E11: BROOCH
A Medieval copper alloy annular brooch dating from the 12th century AD. The annular section of the brooch is 'd' shaped in section and is 17.5mm in diameter. the separate pin is still in position and is 16.6mm long. On either side of the brooch there two projections, opposite each other. One of these is damaged by an old break but the other is in the shape of a turned over animal head. The heads would have faced each other and would have acted as a hock mechanism together with the pin. A very similar example can be seen in Mills 1999 page 56. The brooch is 36.6mm long, 21.7mm wide, 2.8mm thick and weighs 4.6g.

SUR-6918B6: BROOCH
The upper part of a large Roman bow brooch of Colchester two-piece type. The brooch is plain. Fragments of the spring and pin and the chord survive detached.

A fragment of a copper-alloy brooch. It appears to be plain, with no visible design. It measures 18.5 x 7.9 x 7.3mm and weighs 1.86gm. Most likely to be Roman in date.

SUR-697855: BROOCH
The lower part of a Roman bow brooch, probably of Colchester type. The catchplate has a triangular aperture. The spine is raised and both sides of the bow are decorated with zigzag lines.

LVPL-7A77F6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Armbrustfibel brooch, a continental one-piece type made in the 1st century AD. It is complete and in very good condition. The surface has a greyish patina and appears to have been either silvered or tinned. It has an 8-coil spring with the pin still fitted into the catchplate. The chord runs underneath the bow and is not held by a hook. The arched upper bow has a central rib which ends at a double disc-shaped moulding. The flatter lower bow is plain and tapers slightly. The catchplate is complete and has a rounded base.

SWYOR-7AA1C1: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman dolphin brooch. This brooch has a hinge mechanism. Its wings (left one damaged) are decorated with transverse grooves at the ends. The head also has grooves on it, which run over the head and all the way down the bow to the grooves of the foot. There are three pairs of grooves (sides and middle) with transverse lines running the length between each pair. The brooch has a green patina and measures 59.1mm x 35.1mm x 18.6mm, weighing 29.81g. A similar example can be found in 'A visual catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches', p.299, no.360. This type dates to the 1st century AD.

LEIC-7EF505: BROOCH
Early Early-Medieval gilded copper alloy saucer brooch, 26mm in diameter and 2mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 5.91g. The brooch is circular in form and rectangular in section. It is missing its angled lip, but has a decorated surface contained within an incised border. The decoration consists of a roughly central dot and ring which is surrounded by relief decoration in relatively crude Salin's Style I, consisting of raised short lines, concentric curves, a triangle and concentric semi-circles. The reverse of the brooch contains the traces of a catchplate which was 6mm long. It also has a double pin bar lug consisting of two semi-circular iron lugs, 10mm wide, 5mm high and 9mm apart. These held the iron pin; three coils of its spring can be seen and it is surrounded by an area of iron staining, which appears to include a textile impression.

LEIC-7F2686: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Headstud brooch, 33mm long, 14mm wide and 5mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition, missing most of the surface of the bow, with a brown patina and weighs 5.40grams. The brooch consists of a short, solid head with stepped decoration on each side. It is missing its upper circular loop. It has a circular sectioned reverse, which holds the remains of a hinged pin. The bow begins with a rectangular section and slowly becomes circular. It is decorated with a raised circular stud decorated with a raised cross. The rest of the bow is missing its surface but terminates with a circular stepped foot.

LEIC-7F6B84: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 38m long, 25mm wide and 7mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 10.37grams. The brooch consists of semi-circular wings which has a wide raised lip at each end. The spring and pin are missing. The bow sits on a rectangular protrusion and is sub-triangular in form. It is decorated with a series of five rounded bands which merge into each other near the foot. Each band is separated by a line on incised dots which runs the length of the bow. The reverse of the bow contains traces of the catchplate which was at least 20mm long.

LEIC-7FDFE5: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf.Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46. It is 21mm long, 21mm wide and 11mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 7.87grams. The brooch consists of plain semi-circular wings which contain a spring of 9 coils. The bow sits on a curved protrusion and is semi-circular in form. The bow is un-decorated and tapers to a point. It is missing the lower bow and catch plate.

SWYOR-EAC594: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman dragonesque brooch. This brooch is flat and 's' shaped. It has broken ends and a convex centre. The decoration is substantial consisting of cells filled with enamel though very little of the enamel survives. A transverse rectangle across the middle of the brooch contains three diamond shaped cells within. Either side of the rectangular feature are two semi circles forming an 'm'. These contain surviving yellow enamel. Then a line from between these to the ends of the brooch divides each end of the brooch into two cells. There is also a knop, broken off half way along one side at the thickest section. This would have been where the "head" of the dragon rested its chin on its chest. Both the head and foot are missing. The reverse is slightly hollowed at each end and has a glossy light green patina. The pin which would have wrapped round the neck of the beast is missing. An example of this type of brooch is in 'A visual catalogue of Richard Hattatt's ancient brooches', p.351. It measures 34.7mm x 14.3mm x 3.3mm, weighing 5.8g. Dragonesque brooches date from the 2nd century: 75-175 AD.

NLM-F87A96: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman disc brooch. The flat circular disc is decorated on the front with a hexactinal pattern with a little disc at the points. The inner area has red enamel and in the centre is a small circular disc with light blue enamel. Each of the discs at the points has the same light blue enamel. The background of the disc has fragmentary dark blue enamel. On the back of the disc are a pierced single lug and a complete catch plate. The pin is missing but iron corrosion inside the lug suggests that the pin was iron. The diameter is 22.3mm, the thickness is 7.1mm and the weight is 3.82g.

SUR-FB5024: BROOCH
A late Iron Age or Roman one-piece Colchester brooch. The brooch has short side wings and an openwork catchplate, now broken. A short hook extends back from the top of the bow to hold the chord. The bow is rounded and is flat inside the curve. There is a series of diagonal facets on the inside of the bow. The spring and pin are both missing.

SUR-FB7072: BROOCH
A late Iron Age or Roman one-piece Colchester brooch. The brooch has short side wings and a plain catchplate, now broken. A short hook extends back from the top of the bow to hold the chord. The bow is rounded. The spring and pin are both missing.

SUR-FB7C35: BROOCH
A late Iron Age or Roman one-piece Colchester brooch. The brooch has short side wings and an openwork catchplate, now mostly gone. A short hook extends back from the top of the bow to hold the chord. The spring and pin are both missing.

SUR-FB8512: BROOCH
A Roman one-piece Colchester brooch. The brooch is plain and is bent. The spring and pin are both missing as well as the catchplate.

SUR-FBB418: BROOCH
A late Iron Age simple one-piece bow brooch of Nauheim Derivative type. The brooch has a solid catchplate and a rod-shaped bow. The spring and pin are both missing.

SUR-FBC837: BROOCH
The lower part of a slender Roman bow brooch, probably of Colchester type. The openwork catchplate has five triangular voids, one of which is incompletely cast.

SUR-FC2727: BROOCH
The upper part of a Roman bow brooch of Colchester type. The tapering bow has a raised spine with three grooves along its length. The wings are plain and the pin is largely mssing.

SUR-FC3447: BROOCH
The upper part of a Roman bow brooch of Colchester type. The plain rounded bow has a D-section. The side wings have mouldings and the catchplate is plain. The spring and pin are missing.

SUR-FC4493: BROOCH
The spring and broken pin, probably from a Roman bow brooch of Colchester type.

A Roman bow brooch of Hod Hill type. The bow is worn and the pin is missing; the axial bar is of iron. The tapering bow has a pair of lateral lugs at its top, one of which is broken, and a pair of longitudinal grooves with ribs further down.

SUR-FC75A2: BROOCH
A fragment of a Roman bow brooch of Aucissa type. The upper part of the tapering strip-like bow survives along with the iron axial bar. There is a central strip of worn decoration along the bow.

A fragment of a Roman bow brooch of Colchester type. The upper part of the bow survives along with part of the spring and chord. The bow is plain and rounded and has tapering narrow side wings each with a groove in its outer end.

A fragment of a Roman Colchester-derivative brooch with a rear-hook. The bow has deep side grooves and the wings are plain. The catchplate has a single circular perforation.

SUR-FCA6E6: BROOCH
A fragment of the upper part of a Roman bow brooch of Polden Hill type. The worn bow is plain and has a triangular section and the side wings each have a diagonal rib adjacent to the bow. The axial bar is of iron.

SUR-FCDC95: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of T-shaped form. The bow is plain and rounded with an iron axial bar. The pin is missing.

SUR-FD0C35: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of T-shaped form. The bow is rounded with a wide central groove. There are roll mouldings on the outer part of each side wing.

SUR-FD1816: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of Headstud form with a hinged pin and a prominent projecting foot. Along the bow is a strip of conjoined raised lozenges bordered by grooves. The brooch is worn and corroded and the form of the stud is not apparent.

SUR-FD33D1: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch, probably of Trumpet type. Only the lower part of the bow and the catchplate survive, with a projecting rounded foot. On the central part of the bow is a rounded knop bordered by ribs.

SUR-FD44F2: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of Trumpet type. Only the central part of the bow survives and this has a white metal surface coating. Running along both sides of the upper part of the bow is a band of widely-spaced raised circles separated by a central groove. The lower part of the bow is similarly decorated but here the circles are separated by a raised groove. Between these strips of circles are three widely-spaced flattened circular expansions which form two constrictions of the bow. Each expansion has a pair of encircling grooves with between a central ridge.

SUR-FD76B8: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of Trumpet type. Only the central part of the bow survives. This has a series of three half-round mouldings between which are groups of three leaf-like lobes. Below are three small oval cells each containing blue enamel.

SUR-FD8D96: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch of Small-Long form; only the upper part survives. The headplate is square with three T-shaped arms and with a housing behind for the spring and pin. Along the edges of these arms and around three sides of the square headplate is decoration comprising lines of punched crescents and dots. Only one end of the arched and facetted bow survives.

SUR-FDB186: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch of Small-Long form; only the undecorated upper part survives. The headplate is square with three rounded projections (one is missing), and on its back a housing for an iron spring. The arched bow is also plain.

SUR-FDCBE5: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch of Small-Long form; only the undecorated upper part survives. The headplate is square and on its back a housing for an iron spring. The arched bow is also plain.

SUR-FDDD41: BROOCH
An early Saxon brooch, probably of Small-Long form; only the bow and a fragment of the catchplate survive. The bow, which is concave behind, has mouldings which form facetted corners. Above and below the bow is a group of three transverse grooves. There is also a groove below the bow, adjacent to the top of the catchplate.

SUR-FDF3A2: BROOCH
A gilded early Saxon brooch, probably of Great Square-Headed form. Only part of the bow survives. This fragment displays rebated edges to either side of a prominent ridge.

SUR-FE0406: BROOCH
The lower part of a bow brooch of uncertain date which has the remains of a white metal coating. The brooch has an oval bow with a central incised cross. The short foot tapers below a lateral ridge.

SUR-FE13A2: BROOCH
The lower part of a bow brooch of uncertain date. The fragment comprises the rounded base of an expanded bow made from thin metal and a narrow tapering foot, thicker at its terminal. Behind the foot is a long narrow catchplate with a small circular aperture.

SWYOR-0EA5D1: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch. The brooch is missing part of the lower bow and foot, as well as the catch plate. The central acanthus moulding is plain, but fairly bold and disc-shaped. The head still contains the hinge mechanism, however the majority of the pin has been broken in antiquity. The brooch is plain and has a light green, brown patina all over. Hattatt dates this type to the 1st and 2nd century AD. For similar styles, see 'A visual catalogue of Richard Hattatt's ancient brooches', p.328-9. This example is 46.1mm long, 22mm wide and 13.47mm thick.

BERK-101A56: BROOCH
An annular 'ring' brooch with punched circle decoration around the circumference of the obverse. There is a small narrowed recess which would have been used for the swivel pin, although the pin is missing. This ring brooch is 19.58mm diameter, 1.94mm thick and weighs 1.94gms. It dates from the 13th to 15th centuries - for parallels see Bailey 1999:51/51

BERK-1039E2: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Roman lugged disc brooch, dating to the second century AD. The brooch would have had eight arms around its circumference however only a few of these now survive. The centre of the brooch is decroated with red enamel around an eight-petalled flower design. The reverse is missing its pin and catchplate.

BERK-1093A4: BROOCH
A 2nd Century AD Roman umbonate brooch. The brooch has several triangular cells of alternating blue and black enamel that narrow towards the peak of the conical obverse. On the outside edges of the brooch are seven knops, each with a central mount point for either stones or enamel (none of which survives). A loop (probably a chain loop) survives intact, suggesting this brooch was one of a pair used to hold and fasten a garment such as a cloak. The pin and iron rivet on the reverse survive but part of the catchplate is broken and missing. This brooch is in excellent condition and is identical to Hattatt type 1063. The umbonate brooch is 48.15mm diameter with a depth of 14.28mm. It weighs 19.43gms.

LEIC-22EEC4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 50mm long, 39mm wide and 19mm long. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 23.74grams. It has circular sectioned wings with a central recess for a hinged pin, which is not present. The bow is circular in section and appears to be plain, apart from a possible rib running its length.

LEIC-257C64: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Severn Valley, northern Midlands and Marches), cf.Mackreth 2011, 4.l.c. pg. 75, Plate 49. It is 51mm long, 21mm wide and 13mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 13.39 grams. The brooch is missing its spring, pin and catchplate but is otherwise complete. Its bow is decorated with vertical incised lines which join to form a V near its base.

DUR-CB2A85: BROOCH
A possible copper alloy headstud brooch dating to the Roman period, c. AD 50 to 200. The object has a sub-rectangular head which holds a hinge mechanism with part of the pin still in place. There are some vertical lines on the wings. The bow projects at 90 degrees from the head and there is a small circular cell which may have formed part of a headstud. The bow does not arch away very much and tapers to point where the foot and catchplate are missing. The brooch could be a very simple headstud brooch with the headloop missing, see Bayley and Butcher (2004: 97) catalogue number 232 although the circular cell on the bow has been recorded on a Hod Hill brooch in the same publication, catalogue number 146 which would then date to AD 43 to 70.

LEIC-79BCE2: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular brooch, 26mm in diameter and 2.5mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 2.98grams. The brooch is circular in form with a sub rectangular section and has a recessed pin, of which only the loop is present. The brooch is decorated on one side with a series of punched circles which are just narrower than the brooch.

LEIC-8B8B04: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Dolphin type bow brooch 46mm long, 31mm wide and 16mm thick. The brooch is in good condition with a brown patina and weighs 16.78grams. The brooch has circular sectioned, solid wings which are decorated with two vertical raised bands, one at the edge and one in the centre. The wings contain a central recess for a small spring of two coils. The bow is circular in section and tapers to a point. It is decorated with a central ridge, containing horizontal incisions, running its length. The catchplate is intact and emerges from the bow at a gradual angle. The brooch terminates with a small rounded foot.

The upper part of a Roman bow brooch of Dolphin type. The bow is plain and rounded and there are two pairs of mouldings on each side wing. The spring and pin are both missing as is most of one side wing.

KENT-92EF87: BROOCH
A Medieval copper alloy cast brooch, probably dating from the 12th century AD. The brooch is formed of a continuous circle of twisted copper alloy, the twists of which are decorated with alternate sections of larger and smaller circular pellets. There is a plain raised section in between each of the decorated sections. There is no pin constriction on the brooch, although there are two worn sections on either side of the brooch, possibly where a pin had been placed. Geoff Egan suggests that there are annular brooches without pin constrictions particularly from the 12th century. The brooch is 17.6mm in diameter, 2.7mm wide, 1.5mm thick and weighs 1.4g.

SWYOR-A34DE1: BROOCH
A copper alloy Anglo Saxon small-long brooch. The central headplate is square with three integral flat, semi-circular wings surrounding it. Below the headplate, the bow is arched and broken, with the foot missing. The headplate and the wing plates are all decorated with two concentric rings and a pellet at the centre. The reverse has a single, pierced lug on the headplate for the pin. However the lug is broken. It measures 41.4mm x 26.9mm x 6.8mm, weighing 6.36g. For similar examples see LIN-DB1483 and BH-427834.

CAM-F61743: BROOCH
A fragment of Roman copper alloy two-piece dolphin brooch, probably dating from the mid first to mid second century AD. Only the top part of the bow and the cross-bar is present with one side of the coil remaining. Length: 15.95mm; width: 15.16mm; weight: 1.85g

CAM-F63F10: BROOCH
Copper alloy catchplate from a Roman brooch, possibly a Colchester type brooch. The rest of the brooch is missing. Length: 27.97mm; width: 9.85mm; weight: 1.69g

CAM-F68743: BROOCH
A late 1st century Roman copper alloy bow and fantail brooch. The brooch consists of a short curved bow joined to a triangular shaped ‘fantail’, decorated with two leaves and a crescent. There are traces of silvering on the fantail. The cross bar is short and has a loop on top. The pin is hinged, attached round the middle of the solid cross-piece. The catchplate on the fantail is missing the turnover. Length: 41.55mm; width: 15.74mm; weight: 8.46g

CAM-F6B722: BROOCH
Copper alloy pin from a Roman Brooch. Length: 59.94mm; weight: 2.68g

SUR-A170D3: BROOCH
The lower part of a Roman bow brooch, possibly of Colchester two-piece type. The catchplate has a large triangular aperture and the foot of the brooch projects forward.

DENO-1EE612: BROOCH
Roman brooch; cast copper alloy dolphin brooch of 1st or 2nd century date. The brooch has long, narrow wings with a hole in the centre at the back for the pin hinge. The bow is narrow, curved and tapering, with a slightly squared cross section. The brooch is decorated with a single transverse line at the end of each wing and at the foot. The catchplate is fixed behind the lower bow of the brooch and is complete. The pin and its mechanism are missing. The whole has an even, tactile patina. Length 42.1mm, width 24.2mm, thickness 14.6mm, weight 6.98g Ref: Hattatt ‘A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt’s Ancient Brooches’ (pp. 299, fig. 158)

LEIC-366E15: BROOCH
Early Anglo-Saxon copper alloy small-long brooch foot, 36mm long, 18mm wide and 9mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 6.11g. The object consists of a tiny fragment of bow above a flared sub-triangular foot which has a curved base and is decorated with a border of punched circles. Above this is a moulding, semi-circular in cross-section, which is decorated with five transverse incised lines. At this point on the reverse begins a sub-rectangular catchplate 15mm long. The rest of the brooch consists of a short rectangular-section flat panel which is decorated at the top with a group of incised lines, and which changes angle abruptly to form a bow. The brooch has snapped here.

SUR-4C66E4: BROOCH
A gilded circular plate brooch of Roman date. The brooch has a pronounced central projecting conical boss with a rounded knop, which sits within a saucer-like depression. The outer frame of the brooch is decorated with twenty-seven punched annulets. The reverse has a white metal coating, probably tin, though with some traces of gilding. The pin and spring are missing but were of iron. The hinge and catchplate survive.

WILT-4C8233: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy Hod Hill brooch with upper side lugs and traces of tinning on the head. It is missing one side lug, its lower bow and catchplate, the curl of the wings and the hinge/ pin mechanism. It is bent and measures 20.27mm in incomplete, bent length (it would be c.32mm in incomplete length if not bent) and weighs 3.15g. The head measures 15.32mm in width, and although damaged this is probably close to the original width of the head and wings. Below is a double-rib horizontal moudling from which the upper bow extends. The upper bow is decorated with four vertical ribs. It is wider at its top (14.08mm without side lug, 18.02mm with side lug) and narrows to the centre of the bow (9.83mm) where a fragment of lower bow survives below a transverse rib. Hod Hill brooches are known from post-conquest depositions and the type is better known on the continent. It is likely they went out of use c.70 AD (Bayley & Butcher 2004, p.153).

BERK-5D9043: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy rare contienetal La Téne III period brooch, first defined by Feugère (1985, Type 11a) and dating from the late Iron Age c. 75-10 BC. The brooch has a domed sub-oval head with a circular body beneath, above a narrowed bow which contains the catchplate, part of which survives. The reverse retains part of the spring coil and pin. The main body of the brooch is decorated with punched dots, with three dotted lines running from beneath the head down the centre to the middle of the body, where the decoration extends right and left in a wide triangular design, again of punched dots. The design on the head of the brooch is too worn to discern. The brooch measures 68.74mm long and is 1.02mm thick. The head piece is 21.88mm wide while the maximum width of the body is 20.77mm. It weighs 6.53gms. Similar examples are recorded in Mackreth (2010) Plate 13 (no's 3900 and 14467). One (unillustrated) example was recovered from a context dating c.50-10 BC, and another (no. 3900) from Dorchester (Dorset) was recovered from a Late Iron Age / early Roman context, but Mackreth notes that this style of brooch was falling from favour by the end of the first century BC (Mackreth 2010:25).

LEIC-5F5DA6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 38mm long, 27mm wide and 16mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 11.27 grams. The brooch has circular sectioned wings with a spring of 12 coils. The wings are decorated with a centrally placed band consisiting of an incised border containing a herringbone like pattern. The bow is sub circular in secion and has a ridge on its upper portion. It is decorated with several incised lines running its length and has a rounded terminal. It has a sub triangaluar catchplate and a pin, both of which are intact.

HAMP-73A142: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy zoomorphic Roman plate brooch in the form of a frog. The head is semi-oval in shape and raised above the level of the body (W.: 7.8mm). It is decorated with incised semicircles that delineate the eyes and further indistinct incisions. The body tapers slightly to a mid-point (W.: 7.3mm), before tapering again to a forked tail (W.: 5.5mm). The body is arched in profile - straight on the upper surface, concave on the lower; the mid-point is the highest part. There are trapezoidal recessed cells between the head and mid-point and between the mid-point and the tail. These both bear traces of red enamel. They also have other possible features, some circular in shape, and some diagonal incisions perhaps to aid adhesion. Extending back from the side of the brooch below the head is a leg with moulded foot; the leg on the other side has been lost as a result of old damage. At the tail both legs are extant (W.: 13.65mm). There is a catchplate on the lower surface of the artefact below the beginning of the head. Adjacent to the hind legs is a double perforated semi-circular lug; the pin is now missing. Such brooches are rare in the literature (see Mills 2000, 59; ref. R150 (M81)). This object has a dark green patina with some patches of lighter green corrosion product.

HAMP-73CDE4: BROOCH
A damaged cast copper-alloy Roman bow-and-fantail brooch of Hull's 'Celtic fan-tailed brooch' type (T36). At the head is an integral chain loop, distorted as a result of old damage. Below is a tubular crossbar (W.: 17.3mm) which retains the axis bar. Around the bar would have hinged a pin in the central longitudinal slot; only a vestige of the pin loop survives in situ. The curved bow is reeded, with a central longitudinal ridge within a border. At the foot the expanded triangular plate features a cell with raised design in its centre, surrounded by small traces of ?red enamel. The motif is the typical one of lozenge above swirl pattern, described by Hattatt (1982, 103) as having ‘something of the Celtic palmette cum cable motif’. Elsewhere this swirl is called a ‘double trumpet or bud shape’ (Bayley and Butcher 2004, 100; ref. 238). The catchplate lies behind the centre of the flared foot and its web extends the length of the foot (16.2mm). The brooch has a dark green patina and has suffered lateral strikes and some downwards damage to the foot, and particularly to the head. As Bayley and Butcher (2004, 168) note, this is a 'very uniform type' with a 'distribution... mainly in the East Midlands, extending northwards'. As a result of this limited distribution, the brooch's uniformity and generally consistent composition it is suggested that these brooches may have been the product of a single workshop. The distribution is borne out by the numerous examples recorded on this database; this is one of the most southerly examples of this type.

HAMP-742B02: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy button brooch of early-medieval date (Avent and Evison Class Aii; 5th - 6th century AD). This example is incomplete in so far as its iron pin has largely been lost to corrosion. The rim is upturned (H.: 3.1mm) and very slightly flared. The upper surface is decorated with a central moulded anthropomorphic face-mask viewed straight on within a border. The helmet is formed a pair of curves that meet at a point. Above are parallel curves which extend from the border at both ends. Echoing them are three nicks in the border uppermost. The eyebrows and nose are formed of a single T-shaped piece characterised by long, slightly curved arms, and a flared, triangular nose. The eyes are triangular and have sub-rectangular eyerings adjacent. The raised cheeks beyond are on the same alignment and are broadly square. There is a nick to the border next to each cheek. Below the nose is an open' oval mouth, with transverse depression. There is possible further border decoration below the mouth although it lacks the regularity of that described above. Much gilding survives on the upper surface of the brooch; it has only been lost on the highest points. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a ?pin lug, at 3 o'clock. At 9 o'clock is the probable catchplate. They are therefore aligned along the width of the face. The brooch has a dark green patina with some patches of lighter corrosion product.

LVPL-747804: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy fragment of a Colchester 2-piece type bow brooch, dating from c.75-200 AD. Only the head remains with a small part of the bow. It is worn and corroded all over making the details unclear. The wings appear angular and enclosed. It was a hinged type with the axis bar inside the wings. The pin is now missing. There is the remains of a stud on the top of the bow, it is rectangular and broken. On either side of the bow, close to the wings there are fragments of blue enamel which probably formed circles or scroll motifs.

ESS-77A950: BROOCH
Medieval cast copper alloy incomplete annular brooch pin. The pin is rectangular in plan with a square cross section. The attachment loop is slightly distorted. There are three moulded grooves on the loop, and three narrower moulded grooves immediately after the loop. It is 35.95mm long, 5.13mm wide, 4.67mm thick, the loop has a diameter of 10.61mm, and it weighs 5.36 grams. The pin has a dark green-grey patina and the surface is slightly pitted. There is a break across the end of the pin, that is slightly worn.

WILT-77D737: BROOCH
Fragment of Roman Langton Down brooch, consisting of the (sprung) head and part of the upper bow only. It measures 18.28mm in incomplete length and weighs 4.82g. The wingspan is 17.94mm and three coils are visible to the reverse on one side (the other side is covered by corrosion but presumably also has three coils). There is a gap in the middle for the pin. To the front of the wings the sheet metal casing has deteriorated in places revealing the spring mechanism and chord above. The bow, which is flat in section and 12.71mm wide where it extends from the head, drops straight downwards beneath a curved join flanked by a rib and groove. The bow appears to be decorated with a rib at either long edge and possibly another down the middle. The bow measures 7.04mm wide at the (old-ish) break. Langton Down type brooches are more common on the continent, particularly in the region of eastern France and western Switzerland, where they date to the first half of the 1st century (Bayley and Butcher 2004, p.150). However it is thought their period of use was probably longer as several have been found in post conquest deposits.

WILT-88EB71: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman Colchester one-piece brooch missing its spring mechanism, pin and most of the catchplate. It measures 70.34mm in length and weighs 10.67g. 1st century AD. The wings, which are flat and rectangular in shape, span 15.05mm. From the centre of the reverse extends two broken stumps for the forward-facing hook and spring mechanism. There appear to be two vertical lines flanking either end to the front, although the entire surface of the brooch has lost its original patina. The bow is oval in section where it extends from the wings, 7.27x4.53mm. It curves upwards before dropping in a long curve to the pointed foot, 1.71mm wide. There are traces of two vertical grooves extending the length of the bow. Behind the lower half of the bow projects the remains of a (probably openwork) catchplate.

WILT-895E83: BROOCH
Fragment of Roman Hod Hill brooch with side lugs, consisting of the centre part of the bow only and missing one side lug. It measures 21.41mm in incomplete length and weighs 2.07g. The bow surviving bow consists the lower part of the upper bow, with one lower side knob, and the upper part of the lower bow, with the remains of the top of the catchplate to the reverse. The fragment is max.18.64mm wide across the side-knob. The upper bow is decorated with five vertical ribs, the lower bow with horizontal ribs. The width at the upper bow break is 10.25mm, at the lower bow break 7.42mm. Hod Hill brooches are known from post-conquest depositions and the type is better known on the continent. It is likely they went out of use c.70 AD (Bayley & Butcher 2004, p.153).

LVPL-B410D7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch dating from c.75-175 AD. It is a sprung brooch with the spring still remaining wrapped around the axis bar but the pin having broken off. The axis bar is held in place by a moulded attachment which is set on the reverse of the head. The head is rounded in the trumpet shape but is plain, with no decoration. The bow has a circular cross section and has a moulded bead at the knee. The brooch has broken before the foot and most of the catchplate is missing. The bow narrows after the bead towards the foot.

LVPL-B72264: BROOCH
Small Roman copper alloy dolphin brooch. The bow is semi-circular in form. It has plain semi-circular wings and the end of the bow has been broken and become smooth. There is no catchplate and the pin is missing.

HAMP-C64741: BROOCH
A slightly corroded but complete wrought copper-alloy Iron Age/Roman La Tène III, Nauheim derivative brooch dating to the 1st century AD. Typical of this one-piece brooch type, the spring has four coils and the chord internal (W.: 9.6mm); the coil continues into the pin which is slightly pitted. The flat bow is triangular in form, tapering to the catchplate (6.2 > 2.5mm). At the head it rises giving to brooch a maximum height of 14.2mm, before travelling downwards to the foot. On its upper surface the bow is decorated with a longitudinal groove overscored by small incised diagonal lines; the sides are raised. The openwork catchplate on the lower surface of the foot is sub-triangular with a large triangular perforation. It travels up the bow for 16.8mm and has been damaged in the past. This artefact appears to have been knocked slightly in plan. It now has a largely brown patina with some pitting.

HAMP-C66224: BROOCH
A slightly corroded but complete wrought copper-alloy Iron Age/Roman La Tène III, Nauheim derivative brooch dating to the 1st century AD. Typical of this one-piece brooch type, the spring has four coils and the chord internal (W.: 11.9mm); the coil continues into the pin which has become fragile. The solid, plain bow is circular in cross-section. It rises up from the head giving the brooch a maximum height of c. 17.2mm. It curves through c. 135 degrees and travels gradually downwards towards the catchplate, curving as it reaches the catchplate. As it travels it tapers from a maximum width of 3.75mm at the head to 2.6mm at the catchplate. The catchplate is diminutive, sub-triangular, with a groove for the pin. This artefact has corroded to a variable mid-green colour.

SUR-DC4FC3: BROOCH
An almost complete crossbow brooch dating to the late 3rd century. The brooch, which has a white metal coating and a hinged pin, has a wide curving bow which in section is an elongated triangle. Adjacent to the catchplate is a raised collar with a hollow on each side of the bow adjacent. The back of the catchplate has double grooves at the foot and a single groove at the junction of the bow as well as two pairs of triangular facets. Part of one side wing is missing. There may have been a separate fitting attached to the projection on the apex. If so this is now missing.

NCL-E017D8: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Colchester one-piece brooch of the 1st century AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring and pin and the catchplate for the pin. The head has flat upright arms that protected the spring, with verticle ribbing at each end. The head itself retains the base of the spring emerging from the centre of its back, and the hooked shank that holds the spring in place. The bow tapers from the head to a break near its tip. Due to the break, it is uncertain whether or not there was a knobbed foot or a simple pointed end.

NCL-E046C7: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy umbonate brooch of the 1st-3rd centuries. The brooch is convex (depth = 5.3mm) with 2 concentric rings of triangular cells containing enamel. The outer ring has blue enamel, and the inter ring has alternating blue and red enamel. There is a central circular cell, with enamel missing but containing traces of blue enamel. The metal also bears traces of tinning or silvering. A recess along the outer edge indicates the position of the hinge pin, now lost. There is no trace of a catch for the pin at the opposite side of the brooch. The underside is undecorated but shows traces of lead corrosion.

ESS-E24620: BROOCH
Roman (2nd Century) incomplete cast copper alloy lozengeform plate brooch. The original edges of the brooch are missing. The surviving area of the brooch is formed of four stepped lozenges, with incised lines for decoration. The central lozenge may have contained enamel. The reverse has a double lug for the now missing hinged pin mechanism, and the catchplate is missing. The brooch has a mid-green patina, however much of the original surface is missing. It is 29.81mm long, 10.82mm wide, 7.55mm deep, 2.38mm thick and it weighs 2.61 grams.

HAMP-F0A1B4: BROOCH
A complete cast copper-alloy medieval annular brooch. The brooch is seemingly bevelled externally and internally on both faces and as such would have a lozengiform cross section (int. dia.: 22.6mm). In the raised central circle there is punched decoration. Both surfaces feature incisions which hint at lettering: 'O's and retrograde 'N's. In this sense the brooch is similar to one illustrated in Egan and Pritchard (1991, 249; ref. 1308). The frame is recessed for a solid pin. The pin's loop in not quite complete. The pin has a solid circular boss at the collar. It has corroded to the same blue-green colour as the frame.

SWYOR-F4CFD5: BROOCH
A circular, gilded copper alloy, Roman conical disc brooch dating from c. 100-250AD. There is a central raised domed boss with a flat top surrounded by a ropework border and a shallow groove. The outer rim of the brooch is decorated with punched double concentric rings. Most of the gilding remains in place. Part of the spring, the pin lug and the catch plate remain in situ, but the pin is missing. The copper alloy has some bright green corrosion. A similar example can be seen in Hattat's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, No. 1073, p.346.

ESS-1315D1: BROOCH
Roman cast copper alloy Colchester derivative (dolphin) brooch, dating to the 1st Century AD (circa 40-100). The brooch has a curved bow with a wide raised central rib, divided into three by two narrow grooves along its length. The head of the bow bends at a right angle and projects into a double pierced lug on the reverse of the head, which would have secured the chord and axis bar of the pin (now missing). The wings are rectangular in plan with a 'C' shaped cross section, the upper surface of the wings has two vertical grooves. There is some damage to the edges of the wings. The triangular catchplate extends from the reverse of the bow, and has a worn break along the edge where it would have folded over to secure the pin. It is 77.98mm long. 30.60mm wide across the wings. 12.18mm wide, 7.65mm thick at the top of the bow. 22.48mm thick 7.27mm wide to include the catchplate. It is 25.30mm deep and weighs 53.72 grams.

WILT-5F7D26: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy Hod Hill type brooch, with upper side lugs (very worn and incomplete) and missing part of the head, hinge mechanism and pin. It measures 36.93mm and weighs 2.74g. The wings (13.47mm wide) would have curled forward onto the head to hold the axis bar in place, but are now missing (as is the axis bar). Dark brown staining suggests the axis bar was probably iron. The brooch is slightly squashed, but the bow is apparantly quite straight. It is decorated with three vertical ribs, with a bulge either side at the top of the bow - representing the worn knobs. A transverse rib separates the lower bow from the foot, which was probably triangular with a projecting knob but is now worn and rather more oval in shape. It is situated a littl further back than the bow. The catchplate to the rear is very worn and incomplete. Hod Hill brooches are known from post-conquest depositions and the type is better known on the continent. It is likely they went out of use c.70 AD (Bayley & Butcher 2004, p.153).

SWYOR-70AF31: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Medieval Button Brooch dating from the 5th or 6th century. The brooch is circular and is 16.6mm in diameter and 3.2mm thick. It weighs 2.67g. The brooch would probably have had a raised rim, but this is missing on this example. On the reverse, the edge of the brooch is curved, making the back like a very shallow dome. There are very corroded bumps which are all that survive of the catchplate and pin mechanism. The pin is missing. The design on the front is a moulded anthropomorphic face-mask decoration with a small, flattened and rounded helmet. The eyebrows, nose and moustache form part of one element. There is a curved line under the moustache which may represent a downturned mouth. The eyes appear irregular, although this may be due to wear. There are two curved bars beneath each eye, representing eye-rings and/or cheek bars. The face-mask is set within a raised circular, possibly beaded border. There is evidence of gilding on the upper surface. The pin would have been aligned across the axis of the face. Very similar brooches on the database are BUC-58AFA4 and HAMP-44AF21. Most button brooches are found in Southern England. This seem to be the most northerly one recorded on the PAS database to date.

DOR-70B495: BROOCH
Copper alloy bow brooch. A fragment of a Hod Hill type brooch. The head and top of the bow only remain. The rolled housing for the axis bar is missing. The brooch would have had a hinged pin, but both this and the axis bar are also absent. The head tapers to the top of the bow. The top of the bow is expanded and has a transverse ridge, The remaining bow fragment is decorated with a ridge along each side flanking two wider longitudinal ribs. The bow is flat at the back. Date: Roman- 50 - 70 AD Dimensions: 22.6 mm x 14.85 mm x 2.34 mm Weight: 2.03 g

DOR-733666: BROOCH
Copper alloy bow brooch. An incomplete strip bow brooch. The complete bow and catchplate are present, only the pin is missing. The the iron axis bar is housed in the folded wings at the head of the brooch. A hinged pin would have been attached in to the bar in the small notch between the wings. The head tapers to the top of the bow. The bow is also tapering, down to a plain, rounded foot. At the back of the foot of the bow is a small triangular catchplate with a hooked outer edge. The bow is decorated with two engraved longitudinal grooves. Date: Roman- c 25 - 100 AD Dimensions: 49.1 mm x 18.1 mm x 10.7 mm Weight: 5.03 g

DOR-7360D6: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Roman lugged disc plate brooch dating t 100-200 AD. Only the pin is missing. A hinged pin would have been attached to a loop on the back of the disc. Around the disc is a plate with a deeply notched, scalloped edge and ring and dot decoration. The disc is raised forward from this plate, so that there is a circular hollow at the back. There is a raised metal rim forming the edge of the disc and a second, concentric division at the centre, in the outer band formed by these are traces of blue enamel. The centre is also recessed for enamel. The hinge point and catchplate are on the back of the brooched affixed to the outer plate. Dimensions: 26.23 mm x 23.14 mm x 4.86 mm, weight: 6.21g.

DOR-8338F1: BROOCH
A probable fragment of copper alloy bow brooch. A very small section from the bow of a brooch. The bow is C-sectioned and tapering. It is decorated with a central longitudinal rib with incised diagonal lines. Date: Late Roman - c AD 50 - 300 Dimensions: 15.6 mm x 7.6 mm x 2.2 mm Weight: 0.83 g

Early Medieval copper alloy brooch foot, 27mm long, 15mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 2.92 grams. The object is sub rectangular, but appears to have originally been triangular in form as it has damage to both sides. It has traces of a border of punched triangles and its upper edge is the lower part of a shaft with raised horizontal bands. The reverse contains the remains of a catchplate 12mm long and 2mm thick. The object is most probably an example of a small- long brooch, similar to eg.668, fig.235 in Hattatts ancient brooches.

LVPL-846748: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch dating to the 5th and 6th centuries. Only the lower half remains, having broken below the bow. The base of the catchplate remains on the reverse. The brooch is slightly domed, being hollow on the reverse with a raised lip. The top end is uneven where it has broken and has a raised horizontal panel. Below this is a flattened rectangular section with two horizontal grooved lines in the centre. Next are two more raised horizontal panels. The terminal is zoomorphic in style. It has a two raised circular dots representing eyes. These are set inside a double X of grooved lines. At the very end there is a rounded widening of the brooch which represents the nostrils. Similar examples can be seen in the Ashmolean Museum catalogue (Macgregor and Bollick; no.12.4)

LVPL-8477F4: BROOCH
Copper alloy brooch, an unusual type of plate brooch, probably dating from the Late Iron Age through to the Roman period. It consists of three circular domes connected together in a triangular shape. Each dome hasa grooved line around its base. There are remains of gilding on the front surface. On the reverse are the remains of a catchplate and a pin mechanism, it appears to have been hinged. It is similar in form to the button and loop fasteners and other domed objcts such as mounts which span the Iron Age/Roman period.

LVPL-84B814: BROOCH
Copper alloy part of a Roman divided proto-crossbow brooch dating from the 2nd- 3rd centuries AD. The brooch has a 3 ribbed bow and has broken before the foot. The ribs would have converged at a small flange before the foot of the bow. The headplate is triangular with a small knob at the apex and small rounded protrusions on the lower two corners. The knob is rounded at the front with a flat back. It has a collar before it meets the ehadplate. There are three ring and dot motif, one each at each corner of the plate. It is a hinged type but the pin is missing. It has been silvered or tinned and some of this is still visible on the surface

HESH-893846: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Roman Trumpet (variant) brooch dating from 45 - 200AD. The bow of the brooch has an angular profile and an angular D shaped cross section. The bow tapers from a flared head to a break on the lower bow. It is highly decorated with cast and incised patterns. The brooch measures 39.5mm in length, 14.1mm width (across head), 10.9mm width (across bow) is 9.5mm thick (across bow), and weighs 14.12 grams. The head of the brooch is complete although abraded. It is irregular in plan with a relatively flat break at the top of the head, presumably where a head loop would be. The head tapers elegantly into the bow, which is an angular comma shape. The reverse of the head is concave having a cast vertical projecting bar which divides the head into two parts. This bar is complete and has the remains of the hinged axis-bar present; this axis-bar is broken and is 13.1mm length and has a diameter of 2.9mm. The axis bar is fitted through the vertical bar probably through a drilled / pierced hole. This axis bar would have held the pin / spring which are both missing. There is an irregular abraded break where the head loop should be. The head of the brooch is decorated with a series of cast and incised designs. The overall pattern is geometric in style consisting of a horizontal band at the junction between the head loop and head of the brooch and similar vertical band which runs from the head down the spine of the bow. To either side of this vertical line are a series of recessed grooves. A cast sworl forms the border with the side and reverse of the bow. The bow of the brooch is D shaped in cross section. The head of the brooch tapers into the body which remains uniform in width. Halfway, along the length of the bow, are three sub-circular (D shaped) cast mouldings. The central moulding is larger and more ornately decorated, although almost all detail has been lost due to abrasion. The upper and lower mouldings are relatively plain with circumferential raised rib like borders. Beneath the mouldings the lower part of the bow extends and tapers slightly; it is broken just above the start of the catchplate. It seems likely that the lower bow was also decorated with a similar vertical cast rib. The catch plate is lost but was formed from a rib which extends from a point beneath the three mouldings. The brooch is of a mid grey black colour with an abraded patina which covers all surfaces. A number of similar brooches of this type can be seen in Richard Hattatt’s Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches; page 326-328 a direct parallel has not been found. All the brooches in this section are dated to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.

A fragment from the bow of a copper alloy Roman Trumpet brooch dating from 45 - 200AD. The fragment is sub-oval in plan and D shaped in cross section. It has a series of three cast sub circular (D-shaped) mouldings along the length. The central of these is relatively large and projects further than the others. The reverse of the fragment is flat and undecorated. The fragment measures 25.2mm in length, 6.8mm width, and is 5.9mm thick. It weighs 2.74 grams. The fragment is of a light - mid green colour with an even but abraded patina which covers all surfaces. Where the patina has been lost through abrasion areas of light green powdery corrosion have developed. The breaks at both ends of the fragment are relatively old and are covered with a similar patina to that described above. It is likely that this fragment represents the central molding on the bow of a trumpet brooch; there is not enough left of the fragment to further determine the style. It is likely that this example would have been relatively small in both plan and profile. This style of Roman brooch can be seen in Richard Hattatt’s Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches; page 326-328. These are all dated to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.

HESH-8950E6: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type, middle Severn Valley), Mackreth 2011, 3.b. Plate 46. The wings are semi-cylindrical with perforated wing / end caps. The wing caps are incomplete and the axis bar and spring are present. The spring is formed from a length of copper alloy wire which has been turned 7 times and secured by the external chord to a rearward facing hook located at the centre of the wings on the upper edge. The pin is lost. The bow head is hump-like, and angular (comma shaped) in profile. The bow is D shaped in cross section. It extends to a pointed tapered foot. The catch-plate extends on the reverse face from a vertical rib. It is broadly sub-triangular in shape with an inturned edge forming a pin rest. The catch plate is decorated with a pierced design. The brooch measures 48.2mm length, 19.6mm width across wings, 6mm width across bow, is 3.6mm thick across the bow, and weighs 10.29 grams. The brooch does not seem to be decorated with cast or incised designs. The only decorative feature is the presence of a pierced catchplate. The brooch is a mid green brown colour with a much abraded and corroded patina. Where abrasion has occurred a light green surface is present. This is most evident on the external faces of the brooch. Movement in the plough soil has also distorted the profile of the brooch. Similar, better preserved brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pp 300 fig; 159 and Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain pp 89-92. The presence of a pierced catchplate suggests an earlier date probably within the 1st century AD.

NMGW-9C3A27: BROOCH
Description The reported object is the body of a silver annular brooch; the pin is missing. The brooch has been created by filing down the rim of, and removing the centre from, a silver coin of King Henry VI of England (1422-61); this has created a flat annular brooch with inner diameter of approximately 9mm, outer diameter approximately 22mm, with a thickness of the order of 0.6mm and weight of 2.27g. The brooch survives in two pieces, having at some stage been bent and broken; it has not been cleaned. The 'host' coin is a groat (4d) of Henry VI, struck at the mint of Calais between 1427 and 1434, belonging to either the 'Rosette-Mascle' (1427-30) or 'Pinecone-Mascle' (1430-4) coinages. (Removal of the outer legends in making the brooch precludes a definitive identification.) On the obverse, the King's portrait has been removed, leaving traces of his crown and a border of nine curved arches with fleurs where they meet; on the reverse, there are parts of the arms of a long cross and the inner legend [VIL - ◊ LA - CALI - SIE]. The obverse, and outer reverse, legends have all but been removed in making the brooch. The coin shows a certain amount of wear, but whether this results from circulation or from use as a brooch is not clear. Metal Content English medieval silver coins were struck to a standard around 11oz 2dwt, or sterling silver (92.5% fine). The brooch is most probably silver of around this standard, certainly well in excess of ten per cent precious metal by weight. Discussion Medieval brooches with flat annular frames of silver or copper alloy, bearing inscriptions of religious or talismanic significance, are well known from Britain. The majority of such inscriptions are engraved, but raised lettering is also known. The use of a coin for this purpose is unusual. During the late 11th - early 12th centuries, there was in England a fashion for mounting coins as brooches, with pins and catches soldered to the obverse of the coin so that the cross that formed the reverse design was visible as that of the brooch (e.g., TAR 2003, 78); this continued spasmodically, e.g. TAR 2003, 161, a coin of Henri VII of Luxembourg (1288-1309). The use of coins to create annular brooches can, however, be paralleled by two converted coins of the Teutonic Order from the later 14th - early 15th centuries, which were found in a hoard from Ducker, in Bunge parish (Gotland), deposited in the early sixteenth century (GW/LW/JFD 1997, 370). The most recent of these brooches (post 1414-22) confirms a continuing fashion for annular brooches in the Baltic. That this style of brooch also remained in vogue at this time in south Wales is confirmed by a 15th-century silver brooch from Llandough near Cowbridge, with a raised talismanic formula in black lettering on a frame of similar form (Redknap 1994, fig. 13). Similar fourteenth/fifteenth-century brooches are also known from Ireland (e.g. Co. Meath: Deevy 1998, 109 no. RB 80). The Penllyn brooch, therefore, had all the impact of an inscribed brooch, though the surviving legend had no more significance for the wearer than the garbled versions of religious or talismanic texts sometimes found on medieval jewellery. The main departure of the Penllyn frame from other converted coin brooches, is that no perforation or restriction has been made to fasten the pin. While this feature is not essential, its absence raises the possibility that the conversion was never completed. Another British find of an annular coin-brooch has recently been reported, created from a 'Short Cross' penny of around 1205-9; this lacks its pin, but has been pierced to accommodate one (seen at the British Museum by E.M.B., 10 October 2007).

LVPL-9FB351: BROOCH
Copper alloy Dolphin brooch dating from c.75-175 AD. Only the wings and the top of the bow remain, it has broken well before the foot. It is a hinged type but the pin and axis bar are missing. The wings are long and cylindrical. The bow narrows as it goes towards the end. It has a central raised ridge running down it.

LVPL-9FC1E0: BROOCH
Copper alloy Roman umbonate brooch from the 2nd century AD. It is circular in plan with a central hollow raised dome which is 6mm high and 14mm in diameter. The rim around the outside has rounded protrusions at regular intervals. It is incomplete, over half of the rim around the central dome having broken off. It has enamel on the front set into small hollows. A lot of this is now missing. On the dome the decoration is in the shape of a six-petalled flower which was yellow and blue. On the rim there are triangles which were filled with blue. It was a hinged brooch. The pin and catchplate are missing.

LEIC-192DC7: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular brooch, 35mm in diameter and 4mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 10.20grams. The brooch is circular in section and is plain. It has a pin which is semi-circular in section and is also plain, apart from a small ridge along the neck.

The bow from a strip-form one-piece bow brooch of late Iron Age date. The catchplate, spring and pin are all missing. Along the length of the bow is a central raised ridge with short transverse notches.

HAMP-81C1F4: BROOCH
A complete wrought copper-alloy Iron Age/Roman La Tène III, Nauheim derivative brooch dating to the 1st century AD (max. H.: 15.3mm). Typical of this one-piece brooch type, the spring has four coils and the chord internal (W.: 11.35mm); the coil continues into the pin which is very slightly pitted. One half of the chord and two of the coils have been bent upwards as a result of old damage. The bow is rectangular in form and cross-section, and is arched in profile (W.: 5.5mm). At one end it tapers to the head and at the other to the catchplate. On its upper surface the bow is decorated with incised diagonal lines within a longitudinal border. The catchplate proper is broadly rectangular (L.: c. 11.3mm). Only the fold is slightly abraded. This artefact now has a largely dark green patina and has survived very well.

LEIC-860A06: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Middle Severn Valley), cf. Mackreth 2011, 3.Manufacture had moved north to the middle Severn Valley. It is 30mm long, 29mm wide and 14mm thick. The brooch is in fair/poor condition with a green/brown patina and weighs 7.77grams. The brooch is missing its spring, pin and most of its catchplate. It has no sign of decoration, although it is missing its surface in places.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 44mm long, 18mm wide and 10mm thick. The brooch is in fair/poor condition with a green/black patina and weighs 8grams. The brooch is missing its spring, pin and most of its catchplate. It has no sign of decoration, other than a possible vertical ridge on one wing.

SUR-9AC650: BROOCH
A badly worn fragment of a one-piece brooch of late Iron Age Date. The catchplate and spring and pin are all missing.

NCL-9ABAE0: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy great square-headed brooch of the 6th century. The brooch consists of only the bow and the centre of the headplate, with a gilded surface. The bow has raised edges and a central ridge, connected by U-shaped troughs. The raised borders along each side have three narrow strips separated by incised lines, the central strip decorated to create a beaded effect. The central ridge of the bow also has three strips, but each of these has beaded decoration. The centre of the bow has a domed boss, and there is a smaller domed boss centred on the left side border of the bow. Damage has removed the boss from the right side. The headplate is missing its frame and probably a second panel, but most of the inner panel remains, decorated with anthropomorphic features. Remains to either side of the bow may indicate the headplate frame was decorated with punched circles. The underside is undecorated, but retains the lugs for the hinged pin and traces of iron corrosion. Based on the bow decoration, the brooch may be a Hines Group XIV.

WILT-B08248: BROOCH
Incomplete and bent copper alloy enamelled Roman T-shape brooch, with a broken loop, damaged wing and missing the shank of its pin. A few traces of enamel remain. It weighs 6.0g and is 44.05mm in incomplete and bent length (it would have originally been c.47mm long). The tubular wingspan is 17.24mm. The wings are decorated to the front, at the open end, with two transverse grooves. To the reverse, iron staining around the (surviving) head of the pin shows the axis bar is iron. The bow, which is triangular in cross-section, extends slightly forwards and downwards from the missing loop projection. It flattens at the centre of the bow, which is diamond-shaped and flanked by a diamond-shaped groove. Within this is a diamond shaped cell, split in two with a horizontal rib, and traces of enamel remaining in each resultant half. The lower bow is again triangular in cross-section and extends to the rear into the catchplate. At the very bottom is a tiny rounded foot, 2.06x1.38mm. 1st/ 2nd century in date. Cf Hattatt nos.918 and 919.

DOR-B663D5: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy oval plate brooch with enamel. A flat oval brooch with a broad outer band of enamel. The flat plate is divided into two zones by a reserved metal ridge, concentric with the outer rim. The central field is recessed and empty. It may have contained a glass intaglio. The outer field contains alternating blocks of red and turquiose enamel. At the back is a single lug for attaching the missing pin, and opposite it, on the longitudinal axis, is the remnant of a catchplate. Similar to Nos. 386 and 387 in Bayley, J and Butcher, S, 2004, page 134 Date: Mid to late Roman - 2nd to 4th century Dimensions: 29.94 mm x 25.55 mm x 7.36 mm Weight: 5.74 g

KENT-17AFA6: BROOCH
Middle Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy ansate brooch of 8th- or 9th-century date. The bow is arched in profile and of 'D' section, composed of four flat semi-globular segments divided by horizontal plain ribs with shorter ones each end. There is a rusty stain from the iron pin that hinged from one lug to the catch plate at the foot. Length 40.5mm, Width 8.3mm, Thickness 10.8mm, Weight 8.3g. This brooch is probably of English manufacture, but the type is originally Frankish/Merovingian. It is of Hubener (1972) Gruppe 9. Hubener does not illustrate an exact parallel, but on Abb.20 are some that are rather similar. Another parallel can be seen in 'Ancient Brooches and other Artefacts', Richard Hattatt (1989), page 211, No. 1686.

SWYOR-2C44D3: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman, copper alloy, circular disc brooch dating from c. 100 - 200AD. The catch plate remains, but the mount for the pin is damaged and the pin is missing. The brooch has been bent across the centre and there is a hole in the middle. This damage is patinated. The decoration consists of a raised outer rim and inner circle. No traces of enamel remain in the grooves. The remaining fragment measures 22.4mm by 22mm and is 7.9mm thick. It weighs 3.29gm. Similar examples can be seen in Hattat's Visual catalogue, p.346, No. 517. The brooch has a patchy brown patina.

LEIC-3F24F6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy 'lion' bow brooch, 24mm long, 22mm wide and 9mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 4.31grams. The brooch consists of circular sectioned wings which contained a hinged pin. From this emerges a flat curved bow which has an incised border. In the centre is a sphinx like reclining lion with its rear at the top of the brooch and its head pointing down the bow. The lion is very simply carved with no obvious features. Just below the figure the brooch has broken.

SUR-4207F1: BROOCH
The upper part of a Roman bow brooch of Colchester type. On each side wing there are two groups of mouldings. The spring partly survives and is of iron.

Incomplete Roman copper alloy brooch, probably part of a two-part Aesica brooch (and missing the bow) or possibly an early plate brooch, similar to Bayley and Butcher pp.122-123 no.348 and 349. The brooch consists of part of the ?backplate and catchplate only. It measures 32.20mm in incomplete length and is max.20.31mm wide and 1.45mm thick. It weighs 4.2g. The lower bow is triangular in shape and 19.45mm wide at the bottom. A lozenge shape extends from the top (replacing a point) with a 3.23mm diameter piercing at the centre. It is 20.31mm wide and extends towards the top of the bow, where it breaks (old break). On the reverse, the catchplate is 9.37mm high and narrowing to 6.32mm where it curls right round to almost touch the brooch - probably this is due to being squashed as it is unlikely a pin could fit in the slot as it is. The Aesica type, most common in the Midlands and Gloucestershire, is usually decorated with knobs, though in some examples this is reduced to points - as it could be with this example. A bow with head and hinge mechanism would be attached through the central hole. Plain examples such as this may have been decorated with applied repoussé plate (cf. Hattatt 800). Some early plate brooches have been identified by Bayley and Butcher and have a similar triangular foot, though above is circular in shape with a head/ hinge mechanism to the reverse. 1st century AD.

LVPL-560950: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch dating from c.75- 175 AD. It is mostly complete but the pin and hinge are missing and the catchplate has broken. It has a plain trumpet shaped head. At the back is a circular loop which would have held the hinged pin. There is a pronounced acanthus moulding in the middle of the bow. The lower half of the bow narrows towards the foot. The foot comprises of a 3-disc moulding.

LEIC-BE1A24: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends, middle Severn Valley), cf. Mackreth 2011, 3. pg. 71, Plate 46. It is 27mm long, 21mm wide and 17mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 12.75grams. The brooch has circular sectioned wings which contain a spring of 12 coils. These are decorated with two vertical incisions which form a border between the main body and the flared terminals. The bow is plain and is missing its lower half.

SWYOR-D733B3: BROOCH
A large fragment of a copper-alloy brooch, probably an Aucissa variant or Hod Hill brooch of c. 1st century AD date. The fragment consists of a section of the bow, tapering to a point at the foot, where a small part of the catch plate remains. The bow is decorated with a panel of vertical raised lines, of which two remain, above a transverse groove. The head and pin are missing. The fragment measures 41.2mm by 12.1mm by 4mm. It weighs 2.81gm and has a dark green patina. Similar examples can be seen in Hattat, Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, pp. 319-320.

SWYOR-D76B47: BROOCH
A copper-alloy La Tene III brooch, c. 1st century BC. The spring has broken off and only a small part of the first coil remains. The pin is also missing. The bow is circular in section, having a maximum diameter of 3.3mm. The catch plate has been pierced with a single, circular hole 2.4mm in diameter. The brooch measures 51.3mm by 3.3mm by 21.1mm and weighs 4.2gm. It has a dark brown patina. For reference see Hattat, Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p. 290 No. 10.

SWYOR-D7A127: BROOCH
A circular, copper-alloy disc brooch, c. 100 - 200AD. The face of the brooch is decorated with a central circle surrounded by a six-pointed star constructed from concave tressures joined at their ends with additional discs identical in size to that in the centre of the brooch. Traces of red enamel remain within the star. There are also traces of enamel of a different colour in two of the tressures. This has developed a surface glaze, but chemical action in the soil has rendered the original colour unrecognizable. The catch plate remains on the back of the brooch, but the pin is missing. It measures 22.1mm in diameter and is 5.6mm thick. It weighs 3.88gm. For reference see Hattatt, Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p. 344, No. 518.

LVPL-E8D912: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy disc brooch dating to the 2nd century AD. It is incomplete having some of the disc missing and the pin. It would have been oval in plan when complete. The brooch would have been a hinged type and there is a cast loop on the reverse to hold the pin. The front of the brooch is decorated with a central raised smaller oval. It is probable that it would have been gilded but none of this now remains.

Copper alloy fragment, possibly from a Polden Hill type bow brooch dating from c.75- 175 AD. Only the bow remains, which has a triangular cross section, with the ridge on the upper part of the bow. It tapers towards the foot to a rounded point. At the top of the bow, where it would have met the head, it has broken.

NARC-3BE437: BROOCH
Large cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. Early Medieval. 6th Century. Large square head with semi-circular lugs protruding from three edges. The lugshave two large circles with curved lines radiating from a curved border. These represent eyes and hair. The central square panel is plain. The bow has a central raised boss. The footplate is straight and vertical. A plain panel with side lugs and two circular depressions is follows by a straight section with horizontal ridges which appear to be filled with niello. Circular depressions with central raised dots represent eyes, followed by an upwardsly curving mouth and lugs which represent arms. The terminal is splayed out representing feet. The reverse is flat. A single lug hinge is central to the reverse of the square head plate. The Catchplate is almost complete, 18mm long, and is placed centrally to the middle side lugs. The break occurs just after the raised boss bow. The two halves fit together perfectly.

NARC-3BEED6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Early Mediveal. 6th Century AD. Almost complete. The head is rectangular (44mm wide, 25mm long) and split into three vertical panels. The central panel is slightly raised and is bordered by stamped dots and S-shapes. One knop protrudes from the centre of the upper and side edges. The knops are oval but with a narrow band across the centre. The bow is 20mm wide (the same wide as the central panel on the head) and curves outwards. The bow is broken horizontally 9mm from the head. The lower half fits together at the break but the edges are blunt, suggesting that it was broken in antiquity. The footplate has a flat panel, 16mm long, which tapers down. One side of the flat panel has a side lobe which is worn down but which was probably rectangular. The opposite side lobe is missing. stamped dots border the panel and side lobe. Two raised bands seperate the bow from the zoomorphic footplate. The head is almost diamond shaped, with two raised pellets suggesting eyes at the widest point. The footplate terminates in a wide circular area with two moulded concentric arches, representing nostrils. The reverse has the remains of a lug to hold the pin, which is now missing. The catchplate is situated at the back of the side-lobed panel and is 21mm long. Similar to examples in Hines, 1997, Plate 119.

NARC-3BF9E6: BROOCH
The inner panel of a cast copper alloy square headed brooch .Early Medieval. 6th Century. The headplate frame and the majority of the bow are missing. The beginning of the bow is present. the inner panel is rectangular with a raised border edge. A smaller central inner rectangle has moulded decoration of two 4-armed triskeles. Between the triskeles is an upside down depiction of a face. Between the outer and inner borders are a series of stamped dots. The reverse has the hinge lugs, but the spring and pin are missing.

NARC-3C0356: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy gilt Anglo-saxon square headed brooch. Early Medieval. 6th Century AD. Fragment of footplate of large square headed brooch. A diamond shaped inner panel outlined by a raised inwardly curving border. Stamped annulets around the inner border. Intricate inter-twining moulded decoration in the inner panel frame. One side-lobe remains. a small portion of the bow still present. The catchplate is fixed centrally on the reverse. It is 23mm long and only partially survives. Similar to Plate 35a in Hines, 1997.

LIN-6713A6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Birdlip brooch. The brooch is comma shaped in profile and is missing its pin. The head is oval, convex and decorated with three smooth and shallow ridges. These ridges curve down the head until they meet a moulded transverse collar at the bast of the head. The bow is triangular in cross-section and decorated just below the collar with an upturned 'beak'. The beak has a shallow ridge down the centre with a small depression to either side. The catchplate is incomplete. Birdlip brooches are thought to be British variants of the continental Flugelfibel brooch.

NCL-68A842: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy ansate brooch of Weetch type VIII.A, dating to the Middle Saxon period, early 8th century The brooch is largely complete, missing only the pin and its hinged lugs and the catchplate. The brooch is symmetrical, with trefoil terminals and a bow that swells in the middle and is D-shaped in section. The trefoil terminals are formed by three arms that are oval-shaped in section and have rounded terminals. Compare YORYM-A0AA0D and LEIC-4F3D07.

LEIC-7BD205: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 41mm long, 38mm wide and 12mm thick. The brooch is in poor condition with a green patina and weighs 14.85grams. The brooch has worn semi-circular sectioned wings which are missing the spring. It has a circular sectioned bow which tapers in width towards its base. It is missing a catchplate and has no obvious signs of decoration.

LON-7D07A7: BROOCH
A Medieval lead alloy (pewter) annular brooch with copper alloy pin dating AD1200-1400. The brooch has a flat frame with moulded inscription "IAVAIVAVIAVIAV" within a linear border. This is probably a much blundered version of AVE MARIA GRACIA PLENIA. The frame has a constriction to accommodate the pin. The pin is still present and is made from a piece of copper alloy wire wrapped around the frame and the other end sharpened to form a point. A similar brooch is illustrated in Egan & Pritchard (1991:254 no.1336) that one is from a context dated AD1230-1260. On that example the legend is a little more recognisable as a blundered version of AVE MARIA. Dimensions: Diameter: 19.16mm; thickness: 2.15mm; weight: 1.33g. Identification and dating by Tony Pilson and Ian Smith based on foreshore context. Reference: Egan G. and Pritchard F. 1991. Dress Accessories: Medieval finds from the Museum of London. The Stationary Office, London

ESS-81D7D1: BROOCH
Roman Colchester two-piece brooch, dating 50-80AD. The brooch has undecorated wings, which are curved on the reverse to hide the spring mechanism. The reverse of the head has a double lug to hold the chord and axis bar of the pin; the pin partially survives, with four turns to one side. The bow is slightly curved in profile and it has a pronounced rib along its length. The triangular catchplate is damaged an incomplete. It is 32.66mm long, the wings are 17.90mm wide and the brooch weighs 5.37 grams. It has a mid-green patina.

ESS-D0FB96: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy small-long brooch, dating 475-525AD. The square headplate has a central ring and dot motif, and one in each corner. The short, shallow bow has a semi-circular cross section. The foot is rectangular with two horizontal mouldings at the base of the bow before a worn break. The reverse of the headplate has a single, semi-circular lug and there is a small folded catchplate on the reverse of the foot. It has a mid-green patina. The brooch is 31.21mm long. The headplate is 15.99mm wide, 14.23mm long, 2.45mm thick. The bow is 5.61mm wide, 3.40mm thick and 6.09mm deep. The brooch has a maximum thickness of 11.83mm, which includes the pin attachments on the reverse. It weighs 5.71 grams.

NCL-D1AF46: BROOCH
A medieval brooch, circular in shape, with an open centre. The flattened frame of the brooch is inscribed on the front with: "AVE MARIA GRA . . ." (Hail, Mary, [full of grace]) On the reverse it is inscribed with the letters: "+IHESVS: NA: RE" This is to signify: "Jesus Nazarenus Rex [Judeorum]" (Jesus of Nazareth, King [of the Jews]) The brooch is silver, and dates from the fourteenth century.

NCL-D28051: BROOCH
CURATOR'S REPORT Description of Object Fragment of silver trumpet brooch, with only the head and part of the bow surviving. There are traces of copper from the spring, which is missing, alongside the lower part of the bow, foot and catchplate. There are a series of complex mouldings on the bow, which include an acanthus flower with five-petals. There are a series of transverse grooves within circular bands on either side of the acanthus flower; the head is plain. Date: 2nd century AD Discussion These types of brooch with acanthus flower are best known from the Backworth treasure, and are discussed in Hattatt 1982, Ancient and Romano-British brooches, no. 80. The brooch was found with a denarius of Titus (PAS Number: NCL-D488D8).

CAM-DAFB00: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy one-piece Colchester brooch dating from 43-100 AD. The bow is undecorated and the integral coil mechanism has six turns. The pin is missing as is the catchplate. Length: 46.63mm; width; 15.87mm; weight: 5.62g.

CAM-DB1F92: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy one piece colchester brooch dating from 43-100 AD. The bow is undecorated and the integral coil mechanism has three turns, probably originally six but 3 on one side are missing. The catchplate is partially intact but the pin is broken and missing. Length: 67.31mm; width: 18.89mm; weight: 16.72g.

SWYOR-E6D912: BROOCH
A copper alloy fibula brooch dating from the Roman period. The pin, spring and most of the catchplate are missing. The bow has a narrow head with very small wings, though these seem to be broken and were probably wider. The back of the head is concave where the spring would have fitted. The bow and head are not decorated except for a central ridge running the whole length. The foot of the brooch is also damaged or missing. This is probably an example of a dolphin brooch. Other examples of this style cane be seen in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches. The brooch is 42.95mm long, 11.79mm wide and 14.74mm thick. It weighs 10.03g.

HAMP-E99958: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy zoomorphic Roman plate brooch in the form of a fish. The losses are confined to the lower surface on which the catchplate and pin lug are both abraded and the pin lost. The plate is flat by nature, but slightly curved in profile as a result of old damage, with the tail bent upwards somewhat in particular. The body is of pointed oval shape with a triangular tail. Just beyond halfway, on the tail side, are sub-triangular protrusions on both sides: a dorsal fin and a pectoral fin. At the head is a recessed annulet eye retaining some blue enamel. Beyond is a semi-circular cell (a gill?), again retaining blue enamelling. Beyond this there is a long recess on each side which follows the curvature of the body until nearly the end of the tail. Further traces of blue enamelling remain in this recess towards the back of each lateral fin. Along the central raised area thus created are a number of incised chevrons that point towards the head. At the tail end is a small 'lentoid'-shaped cell. The lower surface is flat, except for the pin lug and catchplate. The pin lug, towards the back of the lateral fins, is semi-circular. It has abraded around its perforation, as stated above; the latter appears to contain iron corrosion product. A stub of the catchplate, at the head end, has a length of 7.35mm and a width of 1.4mm. A similar example from the Lincolnshire/Humberside border can be found illustrated in Hattatt (2000, 362; ref. 1198). This brooch has a mid-green patina overall but is also slightly corroded in places.

HAMP-E9BB90: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman P-shape brooch with solid foot. It is missing its spring mechanism and pin. The spring cover is 18.85mm wide, with flat sides and arched top. The endplates are sub-oval and overhang the cover. They both have central perforation for the axis bar, which would have been of iron judging by the traces of orange staining. A collared knop with flat underside extends from the centre of the cover uppermost (L.: c. 7.6mm). The bow is D-shaped in section and extends from the bottom of the wings, the first 2.8mm having a concave cut-away to the front. The bow then curves in a high, U-shaped arc to the ankle (max. H.: 21.85mm), also with a concave cutaway section on the upper surface. Above is a projecting D-shaped disc to the front. The foot is 19.25mm long. It is broadly circular in cross-section and widens from 3.75mm at the ankle to 5.45mm at the foot, where it slopes downwards to the end. The upper surface is rounded and slightly recessed by comparison to the cutaway above. The solid catchplate survives well. This brooch is very similar to an example illustrated in Hattatt from Richborough (1982, 121; ref. 100). It has corroded to a dark grey/green colour with some patches of lighter corrosion product.

HAMP-E9D555: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy 2nd-century Roman moulded disc brooch. The circular brooch would have originally had six plain, peripheral lugs; one has been lost along with a small adjoining part of the circumference. The brooch consists of three zones of differing heights, generally flat on the lower surface and moulded on the upper. A central disc measures 14.65mm in diameter with a central perforation 3.0mm in diameter. It has a circumferential raised border and an internal border, bevelling internally towards the hole. The annular cell thus created features segments of blue enamelling at the cardinal points, with traces of red between these. The generally flat border strip is joined to this upper disc by a plain angled section. This latter has a border at its base; there is a further raised border at the circumference. Both are decorated with finely incised transverse lines to give a rope-like effect. The brooch has a maximum height of 10.4mm, including catchplate and pin lug. On the lower surface there is a ridge around the central perforation. A very slightly abraded catchplate that extends across the border and one of the lugs (L.: 6.4mm). On the opposite area of border is a double D-shaped lug, perforated to take a hinged pin. The axis bar and head of the pin have both been corroded in situ, with the rest of the pin lost. As well as this loss and the damaged described above, the central disc has become detached from the angled element around three-quarters of its circumference. Otherwise, this delicate brooch survives well, a variable dull green colour as a result of corrosion.

LEIC-FBB697: BROOCH
Fragment of early Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy cruciform or small-long brooch, 23mm long, 20mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 3.89 grams. Part of the rectangular head plate and one flat damaged knob survive. The headplate has a line of circular stamps running up its edges, but no other decoration can be seen. The upper part of the bow is present, protruding from a rectangular protrusion at the base of the plate. The reverse contains one centrally placed, damaged semi-circular lug which has a large patch of iron corrosion surrounding it. In the absence of the foot, this brooch cannot be securely identified as either a cruciform or a small-long.

HAMP-FC47E2: BROOCH
A corroded but almost complete cast copper-alloy Colchester brooch dating to the late Iron Age to early Roman period (c. 25 - c. 60 AD). A one-piece example, it retains its rearward facing hook at the top of the head. The tapering hook, bent slightly to one side, holds the external chord of the spring. On the side from which the spring emerges are three coils. On the other side the third, innermost, coil continues as the pin. The pin has corroded and has broken before the tip. The wings are minimal, sub-rectangular and flat; they do not cover the whole of the extant spring coil. The curve from head through to bow goes through ninety degrees. The bow is rectangular in cross-section, with rounded corners (max. H.: 16.15mm). It follows a gentle arc, tapering from 4.9mm at the head to c. 1.6mm at the foot. It is decorated on its upper surface with a pair of longitudinal grooves which contains a wavy linear design created by removals. The catchplate is triangular; its web extends now for 13.6mm up the leg. The curve which would have held the pin is now abraded. On the other side from the curve there is fine triangular punched decoration at the junction of bow and catchplate. This brooch is pitted, with a dark brown/green colour.

BERK-FF4F48: BROOCH
A silver gilt medieval ring brooch. The brooch has a rectangular profile either end of the twisted segment. Silver gilt flowers are attached at each juncture of the twisted and rectangular segments. The brooch is in two pieces but still is not complete - some gilding survives on the flower heads.

Fragment of Roman Colchester or Colchester derivative (bow) brooch, consisting of the lower bow catchplate only. It weighs 2.43g. The bow is oval in section (4x3mm) at the (worn and old) break. It narrows and thins to the foot, which kicks outwards almost imperceptibly. The catchplate extends to rear as the bow narrows. The fragment is 28.11mm long.

NARC-2561F6: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy turret-type ring brooch of medieval date (1250-1300 AD). A flat plain ring with six high-standing cups filled with white enamel. The pin is looped around a narrow section of the frame. This style of brooch is described in Hattatt's 'Ancient Brooches and Other Artefacts', page 232-3, figure 112, nos 1716 and 1718, and can be found in both English and French contexts.

CPAT-393E47: BROOCH
This is a nice example of a Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 3. flat wing ends type, middle Severn Valley)t Midlands). The large wings are hollow at the rear with the remains of the spring cord, still in position. The ends of the wings are pierced for a transverse spring axis bar, now missing. The wings are decorated at each end with an indented zigzag within moulded transverse lines. The upper section of the bow has a moulded central pattern of four longitudinal groves, cut across to form small blocks. That design tapers out below the mid-point. The head of the dolphin expands laterally, as it meets with the crossbar. The lower section and foot of the brooch are missing. The dark green patina is rust stained within the wings, probably from the missing iron, axis bar.

CPAT-39BF02: BROOCH
A complete silver annular brooch, probably dating to the 13th century, in good condition. The undecorated circular frame is square in section. The pin sits on the frame by way of a loop at its base, part of which has expanded 'wings' to stabilise the pin against the frame. The pin is diamond-shaped in section and tapers towards the tip. Each side is decorated with an engraved zig-zag line. The pin may have been shaped to resemble a dagger. Length of pin = 16.4mm.

NARC-7AB8F1: BROOCH
Upper panel of Anglo-saxon square headed brooch. Elaborate decoration with garnet inlay. Decoration is a series of intraicately overlapping lines and dots. Some ring-dot decoration. Antropomorphic face.

LEIC-7E0D35: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Severn Valley, northern Midlands and Marches), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.a Plate 49. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 7.81 grams. The brooch has open semi-circular sectioned wings with pierced end plates. The spring is missing but the chord remains, attached to the top of the bow with an integral loop. The wings are decorated with a vertical incised line near each end. The bow is sub circular in section and sits slightly proud of the wings. It is decorated with two incised lines running from either side of the upper loop, these presumably merge at some point on the bow. The catchplate is missing but would have been 18mm long. It is 44mm long, 27mm wide and 10mm thick.

LEIC-91CA75: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular brooch, 38mm in diameter, 4mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 4.28grams. The object consists of half of an annular brooch, is circular in form and section and has a small circular sectioned recess, which forms the pin bar, at one end. The brooch has four circular stone settings, 3mm in diameter, which emerge from the surface. These are now empty.

A copper-alloy Roman umbonate brooch. It is 32.7mm in length, 23.9mm wide and 14.9mm thick. It weighs 9.17gm. The brooch is a pointed oval in plan and is domed. The front is decorated with enamel. It has a central circular cell surrounded by 12 inward pointing triangular cells. These in turn are surrounded by 12 larger triangular cells. The enamel seems to have been red and blue, probably arranged alternately. There is a small knop projecting at one end which is the end of the catchplate, and a broken loop opposite. The two lugs for the pin mechanism and the hinged part of the pin survive. The reverse is hollow. The brooch has a deep green patina. Umbonate brooches date from 100 - 250 AD. There are similar examples on page 350 of Hattatt's Visual Catalogue, but none quite the same as this example.

A copper-alloy longe-shaped, openwork brooch. It is 34.8mm in length, 20.6mm wide and 8.3mm thick. It weighs 4.13gm. The brooch is lozenge shaped with concave sides. There is a circle in the centre with a hole in the centre. This touches the lozenge shaped border at four places and the rest of the brooch is open. Each part of the frame consists of two raised lines with a groove between. The raised lines are beaded. There are similar smaller circles at each end to provide the anchorage for the pin mechanism. The two lugs for the pin and part of the pin survives, but the catchplate is damaged. The brooch has a deep green glossy patina with brown corrosion over most of it. There are many lozenge shaped brooches in Hattatt's visual catalogue, and many openwork examples, but none with both attributes like this example and no close parallel has been found on the database. A second century date is most likely.

GAT-934658: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy trumpet brooch with blue and yellow enamelled decoration, knee stud and foot knob. Longitudinal lines run between the knee and foot knob. Majority of catchplate remains. Traces of iron on the reverse of the head indicate an iron pin was used.

SWYOR-938DD1: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy dragonesque brooch dating from the mid first to late second century. Only the central body part of the brooch survives. It is 26.7mm in length, 15.9mm wide and 3.2mm thick. It weighs 4.32gm. The brooch is very corroded, but some traces of blue enamel survive. Dragonesque brooches are discussed in Snape's Roman Brooches from Northern Britain. They are believed to originate in the North of England.

FASW-9426A5: BROOCH
A very unusual and well-preserved Gilded disc brooch with a carved glass central setting. The copper-alloy circular disc is divided into two zones by bold concentric ribs. The central royal blue glass setting is flat-topped and bears the boldly executed cast impression of a bird with raised wings and hooked beak which is most likely to represent an eagle. The outer ring has surface accretions, but it is very likely to have been decorated with ‘S’-shaped motifs. The back surface has a thin white metal coating. The copper-alloy sprung pin has an internal chord and 4-turns and is attached through a single pierced lug on the back. The catchplate is large and thr return is intact. Diameter: 31.4mm; diameter of setting: 18.85mm; length pin: 31.25mm, depth catchplate: 8.1mm, thickness at centre 7.06mm; thickness disc: 2.1mm; Wt: 15.2g. A very similar brooch with a moulding of an eagle, but in dark olive glass is known from excavations at Richborough, Kent (Butcher & Bayley 3004, 135 no. 389 fig. 101) and other examples are known from Barrington, Cambs. (Hull’ corpus no. 8040).

LEIC-A3B9F2: BROOCH
Medieval gold annular brooch, 21.5mm in diameter and 1 mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 2.64grams. The brooch is circular in form and rectangular in section with a slight concavity. It has been bent out of shape at some point and has small creases on part of its surface. The object has a small recess which holds a semi-circular pin bar. The upper surface of the brooch is inscribed AVE: MARIA GRATIA in Lombardic scrpit and has a narrow incised border on its inner edge.

CAM-E3F5E4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy pennanular brooch. The object is plain and undecorated with rolled terminals. The pin is missing. Diameter: 22.55mm; weight: 1.37g.

GAT-FA69C7: BROOCH
Trumpet brooch with fragmentary catchplate and traces of iron pin in reverse of head. Reverse is plain, but front has pronounced transverse ribs at knee and above the slightly conical foot knob. Appears to have originally had a head-loop.

LVPL-0CC691: BROOCH
Lead alloy Post Medieval brooch. It is oval in plan and appears plain on the front. It is possible it would have had a design on the front which is now gone. On the reverse is the remains of a rectangular loop which would have been used as an attachment method. It has broken so that only the two uprights remain. In the Post Medieval period, these loops were used instead of pins on some forms of brooch.

WILT-24F872: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy enamelled Roman T-shape brooch with hinge-mechanism, missing its pin and head-loop (recent break). It has been bent in two places. It measures 60.24mm in bent length and weighs 7.53g. The tubular wingspan is 18.42mm and has a vertical plate 6mm high to the front, decorated with a pair of incised vetical lines flanking each end. At the centre is the recent scar from the projecting loop, 7mm wide. The upper bow (flat in section) is decorated with two rectangular cells, carrying the remains of a (now light green) enamel. The middle section of the bow is triangular in section, decorated with an incised line flanking each edge and the either side of the central apex. A diagonal moulded rib is at each corner of this section (and rather more triangular with a central groove on the upper corners). The lower bow tapers from 6 to 4.6mm and is decorated with an incised line flanking each edge. A foot extends beyond a rib at the ankle, 7.45mm wide and 1.84mm high. It is triangular in section and has a diagonal rib at either end. The catchplate extends to the rear behind the lower bow, slightly to one side. There is a slight rib and groove flanking the inside of the curl. Cf. A very similar example in Hattatt, no.913, from Sixpenny Handley, Dorset. This has three squares of enamel in each of the two panels on the upper bow. Hattatt notes that this is a fine example and similar to two recorded by Hull from Nor'nour. 1st/ 2nd century.

A copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of the headstud type, dating from c.75 - 200 AD (Worrall, Roman Brooch Timeline). The bow of the brooch is plain and undecorated except for a groove along the back of each side of the bow. The foot of the bow is circular with two shallow transverse grooves running around it. On the base of the foot are two concentric circular cells, now empty of their enamel. The headstud is an inverted egg shape with similar concentric cells. Each wing of the bow is decorated with four deeply incised grooves running from front to back on the underside of the wings. The two inner grooves are narrow, the third groove is wider, and the outer groove is narrow again. There is a pseudo hook for the spring of the pin, but the pin is actually hinged. This is decorated with two vertical grooves. The copper-alloy pin remains in place, attached to an axis bar held within tubular housing on the reverse of the head. The pin and catchplate are complete. Traces of silvering survive. The brooch is 40.7mm in length, 19.5mm wide, and 22.9mm thick. It weighs 12.36gm. For a parallel see Hattat's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p. 333, No. 427.

SWYOR-2877A8: BROOCH
A copper-alloy dragonesque brooch dating from c. 75-175AD (Worrall, Roman Brooch Timeline). The S shaped body of the brooch has a central, circular depression, probably for enamel, though the enamel is now missing. Each terminal of the brooch divides into two arms; one arm ends in a circle of metal decorated with a single dot within an incised ring, the other arm is an elongated leaf-shape with three incised lines running outwards from a raised central spine at an angle of 45 degrees. One terminal is connected to the centre of the brooch by a short piece of metal to form a closed loop; the other terminal is open. It is 33.6mm in length, 15.9mm wide, and 3.3mm thick. It weighs 3.51gm. The pin is missing. The reverse is slightly hollow. For a parallel see Hattat's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p. 351, No. 1655.

SWYOR-288C57: BROOCH
A flat, copper-alloy Roman disc brooch dating from the 2nd century AD. The decoration consists of a central circle of enamel, surrounded by a silvered circular band of metal. The central enamel is missing. Around this is a further circle of red enamel, within which is a circle of 14 silvered dots. Much of the red enamel and some of the silvering on the dots remains in place. There is an outer metallic rim, also silvered. The catch plate and the double lug for the pin remain in place: the stub of the copper-alloy pin survives between the lugs, but the remainder of the pin is missing. The brooch is 28.8mm in diameter and 7.1mm thick. It weighs 9.87gm. For a parallel see Hattat's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p. 344, No. 1564A.

DEN-3795C1: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Wirral type Roman bow brooch dating to the 2nd century AD. It is mostly complete and is a hinged example. The pin and catchplate are missing. The bow has quite a steep angle when viewed from the side. There would have been a headloop, just the base of this now remains. The head is stepped, with 3 steps decorated with alternating squares of enamel. The remaining colours are blue and yellow. The upper part of the bow is split into three vertical panels with squares of alternating coloured enamel filling them. Blue and yellow remain but it is likely that there were other colours used. Below these panels at the knee of the brooch is a simple raised circular boss. The lower part of the bow is plain and narrows towards the foot.

ESS-C0DF6B: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman copper alloy Polden Hill brooch, dating to AD 75-125. Only part of the upper bow survives, flaring at the head with traces of the cylindrical wings on either side which would have encased the spring. There are two moulded chevron designs decorating the head, which have been heavily worn. A similar example is in Hattatt (1985, no. 375), though due to the condition of this brooch it is difficult to draw any exact parallels. Polden Hill brooches tend to date from the late 1st-early 2nd century AD (Worrell, unpub.). Dimensions: length: 34.49 mm; width: 11.83 mm; thickness: 6.47 mm; weight: 8.82g. Reference: Hattatt, R. 1985. Iron Age and Roman Brooches. Oxford: Oxbow.

DOR-CF06E5: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy annular brooch with gilded surface. A small brooch with a bevelled, robust frame, giving two visible surfaces when worn. Both the surfaces are decorated with engraved quatrefoils in square frames. Both bands are bordered by an engraved line on each side. There is a constriction in the frame to house the pin. The pin is hooked on to the frame and has a circular collar with notched edge after the hooked end. Beyond this the pin is oval in cross-section and tapers to a point. The pin has lodged through the frame aperture to rest on the underside of the brooch. There are traces of gilding on all surfaces. The underside of the brooch is undecorated. Dimensions. 17.56 mm diameter x 3.64 mm thick Weight: 2.81 g Date: Medieval, c. 1150 - 1250.

DOR-CF1CF6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy bow brooch. An incomplete late Roman “Knee brooch”. The bow only remains. The bow is S-shaped and has a deep C-shaped cross section (the back is hollowed). At the head is a semi-circular plate with a scalloped outer edge (comprising ten projections). The spring was housed in a slightly recessed, rectangular box with a pierced lug at each end to accommodate the axis bar. Behind the leg of the bow is a vertically aligned narrow catchplate which is incomplete. At the foot is a downward projecting conical spike. The brooch appears to have several areas of silver inlay or foil – a median line on the bow, two or three dots or patches on each side of this line and patches on the scallop projections on the semi-circular head plate. The head plate is also has a crescent shaped recess for enamel (now missing). Date: Roman – c AD 150 – 250 Dimensions: 33.86 mm x 17.66 mm x 12.83 mm Weight: 4.52 g Reference: A similar example, but with a different spring arrangement and a plain edge to the head plate, can be seen in Hattatt, R, 1982, Ancient and Romano-British Brooches, Page 116, No. 94

ESS-D6A0A1: BROOCH
Roman (2nd century) cast copper alloy enamelled umbonate brooch. The brooch is circular in plan, domed with a hollow reverse. The upper surface has two concentric rings of triangular cells, with a small circular indent at the centre. Some of the cells still contain dark blue enamel. There are two lugs at opposing ends of the brooch, and the hinge and catchplate for the pin would be located behind them.

DOR-E7C205: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy flat plate brooch of lugged disc type. Eight of the ten original lugs remain. At the back the spring was housed in a slightly recessed, rectangular box with a pierced lug at each end to accommodate the axis bar. There is a stub of iron axis bar remaining in one of the lugs. Opposite the spring attachment is the, horizontally projecting, hooked catchplate. The front of the brooch is decorated with concentric roundels of enamel in recesses separated by metal band divisions. The enamel is retained in the two outer roundels and the inner circular recess in empty. Both bands of enamel are now a dark green colour, but the original colour may have faded. There are traces of silvering on the tops of the divisions and on the fronts of the edge projections. This type of brooch is thought to be similar in date to “Knee” brooches and indeed this one has similarities (the edge projections, silvering and spring attachment) with a knee brooch from the same site (see DOR-CF1CF6) Date: Roman – c. AD 150 - 250 Dimensions: 27.00 mm diameter x 8.80 mm thickness Weight: 5.72 g

A Roman bow brooch of Trumpet Derivative form. The brooch has a plain bow except for a knop with two collars. The head of the brooch flares out and then consticts before expanding again into two narrow wings with transverse grooves. About half of the spring survives but the pin is missing. The catchplate is plain.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch 37mm long, 23mm wide and 5mm thick. The object is in poor/fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 8.73grams. The brooch consists of semi-circular sectioned wings which are missing the spring. They are decorated with a vertical incised line on either side of the bow. The bow is circular in section and is decorated with two linear incised lines running its length.

LEIC-22A024: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch 44mm long, 25mm wide and 10mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 9.19grams. The brooch has semi-circular sectioned wings which are missing the spring. The bow is sub circular in section and has a crest running over the wings and down the upper part of the bow. There are incised lines running the length of the outer front surface of the bow. There is a triangular catchplate emerging from the base of the bow which is incomplete.

Roman copper alloy Headstud brooch, 41mm long, 12mm wide and 15mm thick. The object is in poor/fair condition with a green patina and weighs 5.91grams. The brooch consists of short stepped wings with a circular sectioned pin bar behind. Above this sit the remains of a suspension loop. The bow begins with a rectangular section and has a circular stud with a raised cross at its head. The bow then becomes semi-circular in section and is decorated with two vertical linear depressions which are seperated by a raised area with a 'saw tooth' edge. The brooch terminates with a stepped circular foot. part of the catchplate remains and takes up about half the length of the bow. Part of the hinged pin is present. The brooch is similar to Fig 191 eg. 1523 in Hattatt, R. A visual catalogue of Richard Hattatts ancient brooches.

YORYM-25E682: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy disc brooch of Early-Medieval date, Jansson type II A. The brooch is circular and domed with a slightly raised circumferential rim. The upper surface is decorated with a Borre-style design consisting of three cat-like animal heads facing into the centre of the brooch. On the reverse the remains of a double pin-lug and catch-plate project at parallel points on the edge of the brooch. Traces of iron corrosion within the pin-lug suggest the pin was made of iron. A third loop is also present on the reverse of the brooch mid-way between the catch-plate and the pin-lug, again on the edge. The metal has a mid reddish-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 25.2mm in diameter, 6.3mm thick and weighs 6.8g. A similar brooch is recorded on the PAS database as NMS-DFD1E7, in which the third loop is discussed as follows: The presence of a third loop on the reverse of the brooch was believed by Margeson (The Vikings in Norfolk, 1997, p. 21) to be "a sure sign of Scandinavian origin". Brooches of this type are widespread in Scandinavia, with a particular concentration at Birka (near Stockholm, Sweden).

LEIC-34BB27: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Hod hill bow brooch, 26mm long, 6mm wide and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a weight of 4.28grams. The object represents the upper part of the brooches bow and part of the head plate. The object is sub-rectangular in form and semi-circular in section. It consists of a fragmentary recessed rectangular head plate. below this the brooch is semi-circular in form and consists of a series of four rounded ridges which taper in width. Below this the bow becomes rectangular in section and has snapped off a few milimetres from the base of the decoration. The brooch is similar to eg 1503, fig 179 in Hattatts Ancient Brooches.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 22mm long, 18mm wide and 10mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a weight of 4.13grams. The brooch consists of very worn semi-circular wings which would have held a pin. The bow which appears to have a decorative ridge, is semi-circular in section and tapers to a point.

LEIC-34CB54: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch fragment, 32mm long, 12mm wide and 9mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and a weight of 5grams. The object consists of the upper part of a trumpet brooch with a small circular head, this has two lugs but is missing its spring and pin. The bow emerges from the head and is sub rectangular in section. It tapers in width before becoming slightly wider where it meets the shoulder decoration. This is quite worn but consists of a slight collar with the beginnings of acunthus decoration below.

HAMP-4AF2C0: BROOCH
A complete silver-gilt annular brooch of medieval date. There is a constriction for the tapering pin which is triangular in cross-section and has a transverse ridged collar below its loop. The frame is heavily moulded with a zigzag pattern with a groove within and deep triangular removals either side. The lower surface is flat, ungilded, and decorated with interlocking elongated S-shaped motifs featuring small linear incisions at their terminals.

A damaged copper-alloy Roman gilded disc brooch. The decoration consists of a central deep cell surrounded by two ring cells within a raised border. This in turn is surrounded by an outer ring which has traces of gilding surviving, also within a raised border. There are small diagonal dashed lines in the gilded area, like ropework. The edges of the brooch are damaged and the pin is missing. The catchplate and pin mechanism are also damaged, just surviving as two raised lugs. It is 25.6mm in length, 23.9mm wide, and 4.1mm thick. It weighs 4.88gm. The brooch has a dark green and black patina. Brooches of this type usually date from 200 - 350 AD (Worrall 2007, Roman Brooch Timeline). A similar example is number 1214 on page 364 of Hattatt's Visual Catalogue.

NARC-8F8514: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman brooch. Fragment. Three circular segements, 5mm thick and seperated by 5mm gap. Rectancular in plan and almost circular in section, but with a flattened back. the back is slightly curved making the whole object circular in section. The end has a projection which tapers downwards. There is no obvious scar for a brooch pin attachment.

HAMP-9D7895: BROOCH
A corroded and incomplete cast copper-alloy Colchester brooch dating to the early Roman period. A two-piece example, it retains both the double-pierced lug and and wire within it. On the side from which the spring emerges are three coils. On the other side the chord has broken before it was going to terminate in the pin (now missing). The wings are minimal, sub-rectangular and with curved edges. The curve from head through to bow goes through ninety degrees. The bow is broadly trapezoidal in cross-section. It follows a gentle arc, following an immediate constriction, down to the foot. The bow has bent immediately after the constriction, with the foot at almost right angle to the head. The catch-plate has gone, with only a remnant of it on the bottom third of the bow. This brooch is covered in a green patina. It is seemingly plain, although the wear and corrosion makes it difficult to tell.

HAMP-A08330: BROOCH
A head fragment of a Roman cast copper-alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Western Group). The brooch has broken off at the top of the bow, showing its angular shape. The head still has the two wings with tips and a recess on the lower surface for the spring mechanism, but the spring and pin are missing. The head is decorated with an integral loop, stretching vertically across the head; by two raised sub-rectangular borders separating the head and wings; and by a recess (shaped as a trapezoid with a flipped trapezoid on top) for enamel (also missing). The fragment is covered in a dark green patina, with patches of a lighter green corrosion.

HAMP-A08EB5: BROOCH
A bow of a Roman copper-alloy Colchester type one-piece brooch. The spring, pin and catch-plate are all missing, and the wings and hook have been severely worn down. The bow itself is bent round and has a very worn and abraded surface. The object is reddish-brown with small patches of a green patina.

HAMP-A09DF4: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman cast copper-alloy disc brooch dating to the late 1st/2nd century AD. The brooch is flat and broadly circular, with two opposing protrusions. The largest of these knops conceals the double semicircular lug in which the pin would have sat, the pin is now missing. Opposite, on the longest axis, a collared knop (still attached) would have concealed a catchplate. There are possibly two other projections, set at 90 degree angles from the pin and catchplate, which are small and rounded by comparison. The upper surface of the brooch is decorated with enamel which is set in small triangular recesses. These are arranged in two circles of fourteen around a central ring and dot, and all within a grooved circular border. The enamel is retained in a few cells and is exclusively red; many such brooches have enamel alternating between red and blue (Hattatt 1982, 140; ref. 128; cf. also SUSS-3471F7 and HAMP-EB7132 on this database). However, this examples are all umbonate brooches, where as this brooch is flat. The artefact has corroded to a mid-green colour and has been pierced through on a number of triangular cells and through the central dot.

HAMP-A1E871: BROOCH
An incomplete early-medieval (5th-century) brooch, best classified as a radiate-headed brooch. This incomplete brooch is cast in copper alloy, with traces of an iron pin. The brooch has a semi-circular head-plate with three flat semi-circular knobs. The head is decorated with ring-and-dot motifs: three on the semi-circular headplate, with a further ring-and-dot in each knob. The reverse of the head-plate has the corroded remains of an iron pin across much of its width, either side of an incomplete integrally cast lug. The bow is short, wide, thick and sub-oval, with a low arch which would have left little room to gather the material of the clothing pinned. The upper surface of the bow is decorated with transverse ribbing, now very worn; there appear to be perhaps seven ribs. The foot-plate is flat and sub-oval; it has suffered a diagonal break. It is decorated with two transverse rows of three ring-and-dot motifs, and the remains of a third row at the break. Its reverse features an abraded catch-plate at the bow end. Where it survives the brooch has a mid-dark green patina; the corroded metal below is lighter. This brooch can be compared with a brooch from grave 351B at Buckland Dover, also with ribbed bow and ring-and-dot motifs. Brugmann suggested a fifth-century date for this brooch based on these decorative elements (in Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 80-1, fig. 10.41).

SWYOR-B270E8: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman bow and fantail brooch (probably). Only the top half of the brooch survives. It is 26.88mm long, 14.72mm wide and 7.24mm thick. It weighs 3.65g. The brooch has a circular head loop and short wings. There is a tubular housing behind for the axis bar, and a slot for the pin. Only part of the loop of the pin survives. The top part of the bow is undecorated. At the base where the brooch is broken, the bow steps to half its thickness and starts to flare out. None of the fantail survives.The brooch has a smooth light green patina, and a grey surface colour which may suggest that it was tinned originally. The brooch dates from 50 - 150AD (Worrall, Brooches Timeline) and similar examples can eb seen on page 315 of Hattatt's Visual Catalogue.

SWYOR-C6E3B7: BROOCH
A melted and distorted copper alloy Roman brooch; probably a bow and fantail type dating from 50 - 150 AD. The brooch is 30.28mm long, 28.98mm wide and 14.19mm thick. It weighs 9.86g. The foot of the brooch is missing. The bow is bent out of shape and is pitted. Traces of silvering are visible. The top of the bow flares into the head which is thick and wide. The type of pin cannot be determined due to the damage to the brooch head. The pin is missing. There is a damaged projection from the centre of the back of the head which may be part of the pin mechanism. There is a trace of possible melted enamel on the top of the head. The metal is dark grey with a black coating on the underside of the wings. There are many example of bow and fantail brooches on the PAS database.

LEIC-C741D3: BROOCH
Roman horse plate brooch fragment, 23mm long, 18mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 2.07grams. The object consists of the front portion of the horse. The head is very small in proportion to the body and is realistically styled with two raised ears and a small mane behind. Below the head are five sub-rectangular enamel cells, arranged in a row, which sit above one large linear cell containing traces of red enamel. Just below the linear cell is the start of a small thin foreleg. The horses middle is very thin, with the enamel cell taking up most of its width and has broken at this point. The reverse contains a rectangular catchplate which appears complete. The brooch is very similar to eg.1181, fig 218, in Hattatt, R. A visual catalogue of ancient Brooches.

LVPL-CBBBC4: BROOCH
Copper alloy T-shaped Roman bow brooch dating from c.70- 150 AD. It is incomplete, the bow having broken. It is a hinged type, the pin is missing but the wings are cylindrical and still hold the bar. The bow is slightly humped at the top and gets narrower as it goes towards the end. The upper bow is decorated with three moulded ridges with the grooves in between filled with enamel. Only orange remains in one of the depressions.

LVPL-CBD4F6: BROOCH
Copper alloy Colchester derivative, hinged Roman bow brooch dating from c.70- 150 AD. It is complete but the lower part of the bow is bent. It is a hinged type but the pin is missing. the wings are cylindrical with a gap in the centre where the pin would have been. The bow is decorated with a raised rib running the length of the bow which has horizontal grooves at the top half.

LVPL-CC0CC1: BROOCH
Copper alloy Medieval annular brooch. Circular in plan it has a circular cross section. It is grooved all over both surfaces with diagonal lines. The pin is made from a piece of folded wire

HAMP-487F65: BROOCH
The broken and damaged cast silver-gilt pin from a medieval annular brooch. The upper surface has a flat median strip with bevelling to each side; the lower surface is flat. The loop is recessed, now broken, and decorated with punched annulets. The pointed tip has been bent round beyond the loop as a result of old damage.

SUR-5DF420: BROOCH
An early medieval disc or saucer brooch with a central circular hole. Around the hole, and within a double-line square frame, is a cast design composed of animals in Salin's Style I. On the back are the remains of an iron spring and pin and a scar of the missing catchplate. None of the edges of the brooch appears to be original. Helen Geake comments: This could have been a cast saucer brooch: the pin fittings are so close to the edge that there could easily be some of the base missing. Its rim has either sheared off completely in the plough soil (rims are often very thin at the break of angle and come off there) or it has been deliberately sheared off in antiquity, though I might have expected a smoother outcome were this to have been the case. Tania Dickinson comments: The ornament is indeed without exact parallel, but not otherwise odd. The Wisley ornament consists entirely of disarticulated hip, leg and foot elements. The square framing lines make me think of the pair of saucer brooches from Alfriston 62 - not a continuous square, but as there perhaps the lines make the 'legs' of a zoomorphic 'swastika', the feet being in the (missing) outer zone. Unlike Alfriston, however, here we would have a zone of complex Style I (a general idea not so uncommon on saucer brooches) inside the swastika. Given both these lines of argument, a Surrey findspot is not so odd - exactly the area where contact between good, south-eastern, Style I and the desire to adapt it to saucer brooches might take place. For the saucer brooches from Alfriston grave 62, see Griffith and Salzmann 1914 (Sussex Archaeological Collections vol. 56) pl. VI.

LIN-75A064: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy annular brooch. The frame is circular in plan and lozenge in cross-section. The frame has a restriction for the pin. Only the loop of the copper alloy pin remains.

GLO-760580: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Hod Hill brooch length 40mm, width 24mm, thickness 13mm, weight 5.65g. The head was formed of a rolled over sheet tube which held the hinge to which the pin was attached, there is a rearward facing central slot for the pin. Below the head the bow widens into a flat strip which is decorated with three broad grooves running down its length before terminating in a shoulder about half way down, both of these corners have knop terminals. Below this the bow narrows again and is decorated with a series of collars. Only the base of the catch plate remains on the reverse. Date c.43-70 AD.

SWYOR-861EE3: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Roman headstud brooch of the second century, c. 75-200. The bow of the brooch is decorated with alternate squares of blue and red enamel; with two exceptions, all these enamel squares are still in place. The headstud was also decorated; a central raised dot being enamelled in blue and surrounded by a circle of red enamel. Traces of both these enamels remain. The wings of the brooch are undecorated except for faint ridges on the curved side and there is no chain loop. There is a raised element imitating the forward bending hook found on early headstud brooches. This is solid and not functional. The foot of the brooch is also undecorated. It is discoidal and has a deep concave hollow on the underside. The pin bar and pin remain in place, as does the catch plate, though this is slightly bent. The pin is hinged and the axis bar is in a tubular housing. The brooch is 50.6mm long, 20.8mm wide, and 20mm thick. It weighs 21.81gm. See Hattatt's Visual Catalogue for a similar example, p.332, No. 944.

ESS-86B4E7: BROOCH
Roman (AD50-80) cast copper alloy Colchester two-piece brooch. The bow is a continuous curve with a two ribs with a concave moulding between them and to either side. The wings are rectangular in plan, and are 'C' shaped in profile to form the casing for the sprung pin mechanism. There is an incised groove on the outer edge of each wing. The reverse has a double pierced lug, which would have secured the chord and axis bar of the (now missing) pin. There is a large triangular catchplate on the reverse of the bow, and this has been rolled over to secure the pin. The brooch has a mid green patina. It is 34.31mm long, 20.61mm wide across the wings, 6.64mm wide at the top of the bow, 4.37mm wide at the foot of the bow, the bow is 13.19mm deep. It weighs 5.22 grams.

GLO-886DF4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy umbonate plate brooch length 36mm, width 29mm, thickness 9mm, weight 10.86g. The brooch is circular and domed. The dome of the brooch is decorated with a moulded pellet in the centre and three rings of triangular cells in a sunburst pattern. The outer cells are filled with red enamel, the mid band with dark blue and the inner band with light blue, very little of the enamel remains. The catchplate on the reverse is complete while the pin mount is missing, this had snapped off in antiquity and then repaired. The repair consists of a hole which had been drilled through the edge of the brooch, a pin with a perforated tag terminal has then been inserted into the hole and bent back on itself to hold it in place. The pin is missing. Umbonate brooches distinctively Romano-British and are rarely found on the continent. 2nd century.

SUR-8B05E2: BROOCH
A Colchester brooch, complete but bent. The brooch has plain side wings and a slender tapering bow with a central groove and a small extension at its foot. There is decoration of opposed triangles either side of groove and extending half of its length. The catchplate has a triangular aperture.

SUR-8BA772: BROOCH
A fragment of a Colchester brooch. The small plain brooch is bent and broken. The bow has a prominent spine and a pair of bordering grooves. The side wings, one of which is missing, are plain.

ESS-C57345: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman (AD75-200) cast copper alloy brooch, probably a plate-headed trumpet derivative brooch. The wings are rectangular, extending out from a rounded, almost trumpet headed bow. The wings are rectangular in plan with a 'C' shaped cross section, to encase the spring mechanism. There is a double lug on the reverse of the wings, which secure the axis bar and chord of the spring; the partial corroded remains of the spring adheres to the reverse of the wings. The front of the wings are decorated with a cross-hatch design. The incomplete bow initially curves with a pronounced angle. There is an incomplete, narrow projection along the centre of the bow. The fragment is 16.98mm long, 12.88mm wide across the wings, 5.13mm wide across the bow and weighs 4.82 grams. The brooch has an even olive green patina, with some patches of lighter green corrosion. No exact parallel could be found for this brooch, however it is broadly similar ro Hattatt p137 no 964, although this example has a sprung pin, rather than a hinged pin.

PUBLIC-115245: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Trumpet type dating to the 1st or 2nd century AD The brooch is incomplete, missing the spring and foot (with a surviving length of 42.4mm and a weight of 12.1g). The rear of the head is concave to accommodate the missing spring which was secured around a singly pierced lug (9.7mm long, perforation diameter 2.2mm). There is a small knop at the top of the apex, possibly the remnants of an integral pin to help position the swivel chain loop and prevent the chain loop from falling out of line. The head is circular, almost disc like (with a length of 13.5mm and a width of 15.4mm) and with an unusual flanged border. The upper bow is of lozenge section with no decoration surviving. The button is of circular form (with a length of 11.2mm and a width of 10.4mm and a depth of 6.6mm) and is comparatively large, with perhaps a crude attempt at an acanthus form, represented by two raised knops on the top and underside. Above and below the button are single ribs. The leg is of oval section and the foot is missing. The catch plate (with a length of 15.6mm) begins as a rib at the top of the leg at the rear and arcs to the catch. The surface is worn and corroded with a dark green patina. The brooch is hard to closely parallel but conforms to the character of the type. The flanged border around the head may be seen as an unusual feature on Trumpet brooches.

LEIC-C720D8: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular ring brooch, 49mm wide and 5mm in diameter. The object is in good condition with a green patina and weighs 28.3grams. The loop is plain and circular in section it has a circular sectioned pin which is attached to the loop by an integral incomplete loop. below this loop is a raised rectangular area which is decorated with diagonal incisions. The end of the pin is flattened and slightly curved to fit snugly over the loop.

LEIC-C7B322: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular brooch, 36mm in diameter and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 7.19grams. The brooch has a rectangular section and is decorated on its upper surface with incisions across its width, forming raised rectangles. There is a rectangular recess for a pin, which is missing, but part of the pin bar is still present.

NARC-E03C34: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy domed Umbonate style plate brooch. Roman. 2nd century AD. Three concentric rings of small triangles around upper surface. Evidence of a hinged pin at the back, with only the hinge surviving. Opposite edge corroded away so no evidence of catchplate. Similar can be seen in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue page 350, Figure 209.

SUR-EEBBB0: BROOCH
A Roman plate brooch in the form of a swastika pointing anti-clockwise. In each arm are two drilled pits and there is also a drilled pit in the centre (nine in all). Two pits have been drilled through. Both catchplate and pin attachment are complete although the pin and spring are missing.

SUR-F0A307: BROOCH
A possible pin from a large brooch, or perhaps a broken needle. The object has an oval section and the broken end is flattened.

WILT-05CA96: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy and enamel horse and rider brooch, with a damaged catchplate and missing its iron pin. The lug is obscured by iron corrosion presumably from the spring mechanism. Measures 31.22mm (nose to tail) x 21.80mm (head to foot) x 1.41mm. Weighs 2.6g. The brooch depicts a horse advancing right (as is typical of the type) with the rider leaning backwards at an angle, suggesting motion. The feet are facing forwards, and the tail drops in a downwards-curve. Both horse and rider are simplistic in design, the horse having a single punch for the eye and tiny transverse grooves for the mane. The rider also has a single punch for the eye, two projections for the nose/ mouth and a jagged edge on top of the head for hair. The brooch is decorated with four cells, two of which contain traces of red enamel. A circular cell (with red enamel) is in the breast of the horse, a long diagonal line with curving end extends along the body and into the haunch, and a single small spot (with red enamel) and an elongated pointed-oval are inside the rider. Bayley and Butcher (2004, 175) note that the quality of this design of brooch is variable (see Hattatt 2000, 359; fig. 218). They state that there are strong indications of a religious connection with this brooch type, with significant quantities being found at temple sites (ibid., 175-176). Catherine Johns (1996, 173-174) suggests that these brooches may depict a Romano-Celtic rider god (perhaps Mars conflated with a local deity), and may have been bought from shrines as the Roman equivalent of medieval pilgrim badges. DF Mackreth (2011, 181-182) also says these brooches are related to a cult and that there were two centres: Somerset-Wiltshire (temple site Cold Kitchen Hill, Brixton Deverill) and Suffolk-Norfolk-Cambridgeshire (shrine at Hockwold-cum-Wilton). 2nd-4th century in date.

LON-1BE182: BROOCH
Silver circular shoe buckle with separate spindle set into the shank within the ring. Worn. The reverse stamped with maker's mark RG, possibly as recorded in Jackson' Silver and Gold Marks, ed. Pickford, 1989, p. 146 with recorded use for 1691-2. This would fit the dating of the buckle type but this does not mean the buckle is of this date, just roughly, and it is not possible to securely date it to pre 1707 and as such it falls outside the provisions of the Treasure Act 1996. Dr Dora Thornton, Curator of Renaissance Collections The British Museum

NCL-1D2BB4: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy disc brooch of the early Roman period. The disc is decorated with a series of concentric circles with varying raised decoration. The outermost circle has raised rectangles around the perimeter with blue enamel in the field. The next circle is a simple narrow, raised band. The next circle consists of raised rectangles with red enamel filling the field. A broad raised band distinguished the next cirlce, leaving a hollow circle at the centre, which probably would have had blue enamel. The back has two lugs holding a spring pin (complete). Opposite the lugs is a narrow rectangular tab that functioned as the catchplate for the pin, but the rolled base is missing.

NCL-1D3695: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy disc and fantial brooch of the late second century. The head of the brooch has rectangular arms with verticle moulded decoration. The back of the head would have held a hinge pin. There is the corroded base of a loop at the top of the head. The bow is D-shaped in section with a large disc in the centre. The disc has moulded concentric decoration with a raised stud in the centre. There are no traces of enamel, though it is likely that the disc originally contained some. The foot is sub-triangular or fan-shaped in plan, though wear and corrosion have rounded the corners and the base, obscuring its original full size. Corrosion obscures detail, but there are traces of moulded decoration, which also may have contained enamel. The catchplate is incomplete, though the base of it remains.

NCL-1D7150: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy trumpet brooch of the early Roman period. The trumpet head has the base of a head loop. The bow has moulded decoration in bands, half-round, which then tapers down to the foot, with a small knob at the end. Some of the catchplate remains. There are no remains of the hinge pin, expect the lugs on the back of the head.

WMID-1D67E7: BROOCH
Copper-alloy Roman hinged bow brooch, c.1st-c.2nd century AD. Incomplete. Mass: 2.7g, length: 19.5mm, width: 16.5, depth: 8.9mm. T-shaped in plan. The bow has an arched profile, with a D-shaped cross-section (flat to the rear). There is an (incomplete) ridge projecting upwards at the top of the bow, set between two horizontal grooves. The crossbar is incomplete, but there is a vertical slot at the rear indicating that the pin (which is missing) was hinged. The brooch has a pitted green surface, with some brown adhesions from its time in the ground. The bow is broken at the bottom.

NCL-1D7A30: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Colchester-derivative brooch of the early Roman period. The brooch is largely complete, missing only the hinge pin and catchplate. The head has a sub-circular headloop centres over the arms, sub-circular in section with moulded decoration. The bow is triangular in plan and tapers to the foot, with moulded grooving creating V-shaped decoration.

NCL-1D83E5: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Aucissa brooch of the early Roman period. The brooch is largely complete, missing only the hinge pin. The hinge for the pin was formed by the rolling of the head back onto itself with a verticle slot for the pin. There is some moulded decoration across the breadth of the head, but no stamp or inscription. The bow has a central ridge decorated with a band containing raised circles down its length. The outer edges of the bow are also raised, creating a grooved effect. Further moulded decoration across the breadth of the base of the bow distinguished the beginning of the foot, otherwise undecorated but ending in a spherical knob. The catchplate is nearly complete.

LEIC-1DC207: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy object, probably a bow brooch of the 1st or 2nd century, 25mm long, 24mm wide and 6mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 6.14g. The object appears to be part of a brooch with a head of sub-circular section which is incomplete, and a sub-triangular bow.

LVPL-4824A4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy lozenge shaped plate brooch from the 2nd century AD. It is lozenge shaped in plan with a rounded projection at each point. It is a hinged type with the top of the pin still sitting in the hinge mechanism, although it has broken just after. The front has a raised edge with millefiori enamel filling it. Around half of the enamel is missing now but red, white and blue were used to create a chequer-board pattern. The red forms the lozenge shapes with diagonal lines, then inside each lozenge are alternating squares of white, blue and red.

LVPL-4839D7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman bow brooch, a variant of the trumpet type dating to the 2nd century AD. It is mostly complete with just the pin missing. It is hinged and the circular loop which would have held the pin remains on the reverse of the head. It has the rounded trumpet shaped head but with a slight flattening at the top. The upper part of the bow has a rectangular panel running down which would have been filled with enamel. There is the remains of the enamel at the top but it has become discoloured with age, it could have been yellow or green but it is not clear. At the knee are two horizontal grooves which leave a central ridge, reminiscent of the traditional acanthus moulding. The lower half of the bow also has a rectangular panel running its length but this one narrows towards the foot. It would have been infilled with red enamel, a fragment of which still remains. The bow narrows towards the foot which is a spherical knob. The bow is bent just before the foot. The catchplate is nearly complete and is small and sub-triangular.

LVPL-48CD05: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy pin from a Medieval annular buckle or brooch. It has a square cross-section throughout. It narrows to a point at the terminal where a slight groove can be seen, this has been made through wear against the buckle or brooch frame. It is broken at the opposite end which would have been a circular loop to attach the pin to the frame. Only around half now remains. Before the loop is a slight rectangular moulding acting as a collar decoration.

LVPL-48D6E7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Medieval annular brooch. The brooch is D-shaped in cross section, being slightly domed on the upper surface. It is oval in plan with the sides thickening on the curve, before narrowing at the ends. At one end is the narrowed and offest strap bar. The pin is formed from a strip of copper alloy folded over. It is incomplete having broken after just 8.35mm. At the opposite end are four ridges, radiating out from the inside edge to the outside edge. The upper surface is decorated with two lines of irregular concave dots.

LEIC-58C3C4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch fragment, 13mm long, 12mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is in poor condition with a green/brown patina and weighs 2.47grams. The object consists of the shoulder and upper bow, but is very worn and difficult to assign to a type. It may have held a spring and has a semi-circular bow.

LIN-AF7E38: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy headstud brooch, dating to the late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The wings are rectangular in pland and in cross-section, decorated with vertical grooves. Behind the wings is a cylindrical case containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. There is an incomplete suspension loop at the top. The brooch is comma shaped in profile and the bow is rectangular in cross-section. At the top of the bow is a raised moulded headstud and beneath this are two rows of inward pointing triangular cells. The foot is reeled. It is not clear whether the undeside of the foot is decorated. The enamel colour of the cells was perhaps blue, however the brooch appears to have been recently covered in some kind of oil which obscures the decoration and colours.

LIN-AF9F08: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Trumpet brooch, dating to the late 1st to early 2nd century AD. The head of the brooch is missing. The bow is comma shaped in profile and D-shaped in cross-section with a half-rounded acanthus reel decorating the upper part of the bow. The lower bow is triangular in cross-section and has a flat reeled foot at the terminal. The underside of the foot is undecorated. The catchplate is intact.

A cast copper-alloy headstud brooch of the early Roman period, late 1-late 2 centuries. The brooch is incomplete, missing the foot, catchplate, and pin. It is T-shaped in plan, with cylindrical arms taking a hinge pin. There are no indications of a headloop. The head has a domed projection, set above a flat discoidal stud situated at the top of the bow. There is an empty lozenge-shaped cell that would have taken enamel. Further down the bow is a second lozenge-shaped cell filled with blue enamel. Below this is a third empty lozenge-shaped cell. The brooch tapers from head toward the foot. Stud diameter: 8.10mm.

CPAT-15E771: BROOCH
This is a typical example of a brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46, of 1st or 2nd century AD date. The head and bow are now all that remains with the spring and foot piece missing. Overall, the brooch is heavily corroded and in some sections, that damage reveals what may be an iron core to the bow? The remaining patina is dark green.

A circular Roman plate brooch with three concentric cells for enamel. The enamel is missing. On the back is a copper alloy spring and pin and the remains of the catchplate.

DOR-169E47: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy T-shape brooch with tapering bow. the wings are tubular and house an iron axis bar for a hinged pin mechanism. The pin is missing. There is a split in the front of the wing on the right side. At the head there is a diagonal ridge on each side where it joins the wings. The head and upper bow are also decorated with raised rectangle with a central longitudinal groove. The upper part of the bow tapers to a transverse groove from where the undecorated leg tapers into a plain, pointed foot. Behind the foot and leg is a scar where it is probable the missing catchplate projected. The foot is bent to one side. Date: Early Roman - c AD 50-200 Dimensions: 43.53 mm x 21.99 mm x 5.89 mm Weight: 3.73 g

SUR-183FD1: BROOCH
A plain annular brooch and pin, probably of late or post-medieval date.

NCL-18E211: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy Colchester-derivative or T-shaped brooch of the early Roman period. It is now missing its hinged pin and most of its catchplate. The head has a large vertical central rib which is interrupted on its upper bow by an empty oval shaped cell which is likely to have been filled with enamel. The rib then continues down the length of the bow, decreasing in prominence and terminating at the foot. The bow is D-shaped in section and tapers towards the foot, which has been damaged. The brooch head is triangular in plan, formed by the transition of the bow to the arms. Enamel appears to have been present on the front face of each arm with some remaining on the left one and an empty circular cell present upon the right. This brooch dates to the late 1st to the late 2nd century.

WMID-4E8805: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of probable T-shaped type. The brooch has wide wings spanning 27.95 mm across. The wings are semi-cylindrical in shape and open at the rear for the pin mechanism, now missing. The wings are decorated on the front with an incised band on each side of the head and adjacent to this an inward facing diagonal band on each wing. Each side of the bow also has a comma shaped groove incised. If these grooves were enameled none of this now survives. The bottom of the bow is missing, along with the catchplate. The brooch has a dark green patina. It measures 43.81 mm long, 28.02 mm wide, 13.61 mm thick and weighs 9.1 grams.

SWYOR-789AB7: BROOCH
An almost complete copper-alloy Roman headstud brooch dating from 75 - 200 AD. The brooch has flat sub rectangular wings with a cylindrical housing behind. A fragment of the integral head loop survives with the remaining ends shaped like a 'U'. The copper alloy axis bar is in situ, and most of the hinged copper alloy pin survives. The bow is comma shaped in profile, rectangular in cross-section and is decorated with a lattice work of lozenge shaped cells filled with enamel; a row of dark blue lozenges is flanked by two rows of dark red half-lozenges. The sub rectangular wings are also decorated in the same manner; the latticed design on the wings is flanked by ribs of horizontal lines made to look like bead work. The integral head stud is a circular cell with a pellet of dark blue enamel in the centre and a ring of dark red enamel. At the base of the bow is a collar with similar beaded pattern as on the wings. The sub circular foot of the brooch is flat and its sides are convex. Holes may still be seen in the ends of the wings, where the axial bar is placed. Most of the pin remains but the bottom end has been broken off. The brooch has a dark green patina and is in excellent condition. Please compare to Hattatt's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, page 332, figure 191. Length: 57.2mm; Width: 23.9mm; Thickness: 23.1mm; Weight: 26.75g

LEIC-41FE85: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy brooch or mount? 17mm long and wide and 4mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a dark grey patina and weighs 4.68grams. It consists of a lozenge (rhombus) shaped rectangular sectioned loop which has raised arrow shaped motifs in each corner, these consist of a raised triangle, pointing inwards, with a line emerging from the apex out towards the edge. The object is probably a small brooch, or possibly a mount, although there are no signs of any fixing prongs.

WILT-42DEA5: BROOCH
Fragment of Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5, Western Group, flat wing ends type). Consisting of the wings with appendages housing an 11-coiled spring, fragment of pin and part of the bow. The wingspan is 21.50mm and the fragment weighs 4.91g. The wings have a double moulding to either end, projecting forwards. The chord from the spring curves over the top of the wings and is held by a forward-facing hook. The bow extends horizontally from the wings and is flat before dropping 90°. The break is shortly after this point. The brooch is covered in a light coloured concretion and no detail is visible. The brooch is very similar to one in Hattatt's Brooches of Antiquity 1987, p.99-101 no.905 from Langton Down in Dorset. This Hattatt describes as an oddity. Late 1st-mid 4th century in date.

LEIC-43DF64: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.c. Plate 46, pg. 72. It is 44mm long, 27mm wide and 14mmm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 16.04 grams. The brooch has short semi-circular wings with no spring present. The bow is very spherical where it joins the bow but tapers quickly to a thin shaft. It is decorated with two incised lines which start at the top of the bow and merge together.

NARC-44F803: BROOCH
Almost complete cruciform brooch. Early Medieval. 6th Century. Three circular lobes attached to a central square panel. The lobes are pierced in the centre. One lobe survives intact, the other two are broken through the pierced hole. The intact lobe is 9mm in diameter with a hole 2mm in diameter. The arched bow is 7mm wide leading to a vertical footplate. The footknob is globular. The reverse shows scars of the hinge lug and catchplate.

NARC-451960: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy terminal of Anglo-Saxon equal armed brooch. 5th to 6th Century AD. Moulded decoration. Sub-triangular terminal with an intricate swirl design, probably representing eyes. The pointed edge of the triangle has vertical lines either side of a circle. The bow is steeply curved and decorated with horizontal ridges. Only one terminal and 10mm of the bow is present. The bow is roughly square in section and 6mm wide. The terminal is 18mm from point to bow, and 21mm wide.

NARC-4525B3: BROOCH
Possibly the head of a small Anglo-saxon cruciform brooch. Copper alloy with heavy iron staning giving it a brown appearance. Early Medieval -6th Century AD. A square plain central plate with three lug extending from three edges. The bow begins to curve outwards before a horizontal break at 7mm. The reverse has two lug hinge to hold the spring and pin, now missing.

Fragment of head of gilded anglo-saxon square headed brooch. Early Medieval. 6th century. Cast copper alloy with moulded decoration.

LVPL-55C3F3: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch dating to c.75- 175 AD. It is mostly complete although the pin and catchplate have broken. The head has been bent to form a sharper angle than the usual curve of the bow. It is a hinged type with the axis bar being encased in an integral cylinder on the reverse of the head. There would have been a headloop formed from a continuation of the bar but it has broken before the loop, leaving just the horizontal strip on one side. The loop would have been held in place by a hook, the base of which can be seen at the top of the head. The head is the usual trumpet shape although it has slightly squared off ends. The bow then narrows until it reaches the cenral acanthus moulding. This is only on the front of the bow and consists of a central raised band with petal shapes above and below. Above and below these are collars consisting of tow raised bands. Below the moulding the bow is bent to the right. It has a triangular cross section with a raised central ridge. The bow narrows towards the foot which has a collar before a rounded protrusion. The catchplate is mostly complete and starts half way up the bow, at the point of the acanthus moulding.

LVPL-55DDA8: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy dolphin brooch dating from c. 75- 175 AD. It is a sprung type but the spring and pin are missing. The wing case is semi-cylindrical in shape. At the top of the bow is a small hook which would have held the spring in place. The bow is slightly humped at the top. It narrows gradually down towards the foot where it ends in a rounded point. The catchplate is missing.

DOR-94D184: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy brooch. The frame is hexagonal with six tall triangular colletts (rectangular in cross section). Each of these has a circular recess at the apex which is filled with a matt white material. This may be defraged glass or a paste for fixing in place glass stones (missing). There is a constriction to the frame between two of the colletts where the missing pin would have benn attached. The back of the frame is flat and undecorated. Date: Medieval- c. 1200 - 1400 Dimensions: 18.82 mm diameter x 6.90 mm height Weight: 3.31 g

CAMHER-9AB1F2: BROOCH
Small heart-shaped brooch, set with marcasite, which is polished metal cut in a matter so as to resemble a gem. Where the clasp of the brooch touches the outer face, a piece of marcasite is now missing. The use of marcasite in jewellery, as a replacement for diamonds, becomes practised in the late 18th century. The object falls outside the provisions of the Treasure Act.

HAMP-C19E00: BROOCH
A complete medieval cast copper-alloy probable annular brooch (possibly a buckle). The frame is circular, with the internal edge bevelled, and the outer edge rounded. There is a pin constriction where the pin remains in situ. The pin has been split at the attachment end, and the ends bent together around the pin constriction. The pin itself has a thick collar just beyond the constriction. The pin gradually narrows to a blunt point and is slightly bent. This artefact now has a dull grey-green patina.

HESH-C31016: BROOCH
An incomplete fragment from a late Iron Age La Tène III style brooch c. 100BC - 50 AD, possibly being similar to a Winchester Type, bow brooch. The fragment is incomplete and consists of the upper bow - inturned foot / catchplate. The upper part of the bow, including the head and turned spring are missing. The break is relatively old and has a similar patina to that of the brooch suggesting damage in antiquity / pre-deposition. The brooch fragment measures 34.3mm length, 6.8mm width across the upper bow and is 1.9mm thick also across the bow at the same point. It weighs 5.95 grams. The upper bow, including the spring/ hinge and head of the brooch, is lost. The lower bow is formed from a decorated sheet of metal which is broadly sub-rectangular in cross section. The bow profile is broadly C shaped with a very angular turn (90 degrees) at the top and an inturned foot. The bow tapers along the length from the head to the foot which is relatively pointed. The lower foot of the brooch is turned outwards and back upon itself.. There is no defined catch plate or foot knop. The bow of the brooch has been decorated with a cast design. This consists of a panel on the upper part of the bow with a circular incised design. The centre of the design is a circular panel, possibly filled with red decayed enamel or white paste, none of this surface now survives. Around this is a concentric circle and this is enclosed with a square shaped panel. Beneath this decoration is a transverse double band from the centre of which extends a central recessed grove which extends along the length of the bow to just above the foot. This recessed groove is flanked by a series of cast notches which dip into the edge of the frame, creating a toothed or serrated edge. At the foot beneath this decoration is a square shaped boss from which projects the tapering terminal of the brooch which curves in a serpentine loop back upon itself. The interior edge of the brooch is plain and undecorated. The brooch is a dark brown colour with a polished and slightly abraded patina. This abrasion is probably caused by movement in the plough soil and has resulted in damage around the extremities of the brooch. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pp 291 fig; 150 being similar, although not identical to those described as Winchester types.

WILT-D69046: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Late Iron Age/ Early Roman La Tène III simple one-piece or Nauheim derivative type brooch. It is missing its pin, which is broken off at its spring coil. It measures 48.41mm in length and weighs 2.99g. The head consists of four spring coils (one of which is broken where it extends into the pin) and is 8.53mm wide. The rod bow is c.2.5mm in diameter with ?three transverse grooves at the centre (now obscured by corrosion). The bow narrows to a point at the foot. The catchplate extends behind 11.87mm high. 1st century AD. Cf. Bayley and Butcher 2004 pp.55, 56 no.24.

HESH-D81B16: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch / trumpet derivative brooch dating from late first or second century (75 – 175) AD. This brooch is extremely large in comparison to the majority of Trumpet brooch variants recorded. The lower part of the brooch is lost due to an old break. The head of the brooch terminates in an unusually large head plate which is incomplete but broadly oval in shape, from the lower half of this plate the bow extends. The brooch measures 36.2mm in length, 14.2mm width (across head), 6.0mm width (across bow) is 4.9mm thick (across head), and 8.7mm thick (across bow). The fragment weighs 21.68 grams. The head of the brooch is incomplete and abraded. It is broadly oval in plan, and the lower edge tapers into the bow. The reverse of the head has two projecting pierced lugs positioned on the lower edge on either side. These lugs are irregular in form and very unusual being broadly U shaped integrally cast staples with an internal diameter of 2.4mm. The two lugs are positioned 2.2mm apart and are each 5.4mm wide. It is assumed that these would have held an axis bar and sprung hinge although both are missing. The head plate is incomplete and badly corroded / abraded; this makes decoration difficult to distinguish. There are several marks on this plate which may be the remains if cast decoration but this is not clear enough to describe with any accuracy. The bow of the brooch is relatively thick and D shaped in cross section. It tapers slightly along its length until it flares at the mid point where a series of circumferential moulded decorations are present. These moulded decorations are consistent with that seen on other trumpet brooches. It consists of a larger central D-shaped projection above and below which are a series of small D shaped projections which have also been decorated with circumferential grooves. Below the lower of these the brooch extends and tapers. The break is uniform and worn suggesting it has some age, however, the patina across it is distinctly different. The lower brooch, catch-plate, pin rest and foot are all lost. The brooch is of a mid brown colour with an abraded but polished patina which covers all surfaces. There is little evidence of corrosion present and this is most prolific in abraded areas. A direct parallel has not been found and it is likely to represent a local variant to a common fashion.

WILT-D817E8: BROOCH
Late Iron Age/ Early Roman copper alloy simple one-piece or Nauheim derivative type brooch. It measures 47.14mm in length and weighs 7.05g. The head consists of nine spring coils (one of which extends into the intact pin) and is 20.11mm wide. The chord passes under the bow. The bow is rectangular in section (3.74x2.44mm) in front of the spring, flattening to 8.44x1.76 at the centre. The sides then narrow into the lower bow, which is 2.14mm wide, to give a triangular flat centre of bow. This area is decorated with a grooved V stretching from each corner of the widest part with four transverse ribs below. The catchplate extends behind the lowest of these ribs and the foot at the bottom of the bow kicks forwards slightly (2.28x3.31x1.3mm). The bow does not take the typical form of the simple one-piece, which is usually either rod or flat. This appears to be a combination of the two. Simple one-piece brooches date to the 1st century AD.

WILT-D86D36: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy and enamel zoomorphic plate brooch missing its (iron) pin, enamel and tip of the tail. It measures 33.36x26.10x2.85mm (thickness excluding catchplate, etc) and weighs 6.54g. The brooch is in the form of a mythical creature with a horse's head and neck and the body of an ?eel or fish (a half-horse, half-fish is better known as a hippocamp). The body is roughly S-shaped, with an elongated and horizontal bottom part. The entire body has a recess for enamel, no trace of which remains. Towards the tail is chainloop, a D-shaped projection with 1.11mm diameter piercing. At the front of the body is a horizontal limb with tiny squarish foot, projecting at 90° downwards. The uppermost curve of the S has a thickened edge for the neck and mane, which has tiny transverse incised lines to depict hair. The head itself is very small compared to the body. It is diamond-shaped, with emphasised rounded points for the brow and cheek and quite a long nose. A 2.36mm diameter recess would have been filled with enamel for the eye. The ear is large compared to the head and projects directly upwards in an inverted U-shape. To the reverse of the brooch is a damaged catchplate (missing its curl) and a pair of worn lugs (broken across the holes for the axis bar), surrounded by iron staining. Zoomorphic enamelled brooches date from the 2nd century to the end of the Roman period (Horse-and-Rider brooches). It is likely they may have had a votive origin. The large enamel cell may have had a complicated enamel arrangement - more advanced enamelling techniques consisting of spots within a large enamel field are known on zoomorphic brooches (Bayley and Butcher, 2004, p.175). This was developed on the continent in the first half of the second century, and it is likely this brooch has an earlier rather than later date, c.100-300 AD.

GLO-D8D8F4: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy plate brooch length 38mm, width 28mm, thickness 10mm, weight 7.30g. Lozenge shaped brooch with a raised rim, the central recessed section would have held enamel but all that remains is a white paste. On the reverse is the mounting for the pin, this pi is missing and the catchplate. This artefact dates to the 2nd century.

HAMP-D984D8: BROOCH
A corroded, damaged and incomplete cast copper-alloy Colchester brooch dating to the late Iron Age to early Roman period, c. 25-65 AD. This is a large one-piece example with rearward facing hook at the top of the head. This hook would have retained the external chord of the spring; this has been lost along with the spring and integral pin. Below the hook is a mass of orange corrosion product, presumably all that remains of the (iron) axis bar. Above the spring are two flat wings; one is slightly truncated, while the other is bent. They measure 16.6mm across both. The bow is semicircular in cross-section with a flat lower surface. It tapers from a maximum width of c. 4.7mm to c. 3.7mm at the catch-plate end. The bow has been bent in on itself around halfway along its length. The catch-plate is highly abraded; the ragged web extends for 34.9mm up the bow. The artefact has corroded to a red-brown colour and is mostly covered with areas of mid-light green corrosion product.

HESH-D9EE73: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Colchester derivative (Dolphin style) brooch of Roman date (43-120AD). The wings are incomplete but originally were semi-cylindrical with pierced end caps. The axis bar, spring and pin are lost. A sub-rectangular hollow is present on the reverse of the head of the brooch and does not extend into the wings; this is filled with a brown iron corrosion. The pin / spring would have been secured by an external chord which fitted to a transverse groove running along the rearward edge of the head. The bow head is hump-like, and angular (comma shaped) in profile. The bow is D shaped in cross section. It extends to a broken edge near the foot which is much abraded. The foot and also the catchplate are lost. It is likely that the catch-plate was sub-triangular and extended from a cast ridge which extends from a point below the head / hump of the bow. The brooch measures 37.4mm length, is 25.6mm width across wings, 6.6mm width across bow, is 6.6mm thick across the bow. It weighs 9.49 grams. The brooch is decorated with a series of intricate cast designs; these are much abraded and corroded. The body and bow of the brooch are most decorated but a series of vertical ribs are present on the upper edge of the extant wings. The bow of the brooch is decorated with two moulded decorations either side of the head and extending along the length of the bow. These taper from wide heads to elegantly shaped curled tails. Below these grooves a series of diagonal cast lines are present and these match a series of chevron grooves –present on the bow – although they are much distorted. The bow of the brooch is heavily silvered and this surface survives in several areas, presumably suggesting a silver wash. This surface extends to the underneath surface – but not onto the inner surface of the wings. The brooch is a dark brown green colour with an even but heavily abraded patina. Where abrasion has occurred patches of light green corrosion product are present. Movement in the plough soil has also distorted the profile of the brooch. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt’s Visual Guide to Ancient brooches pp 300 fig; 159 and Bayley and Butcher: Roman Brooches in Britain pp 89-92. A direct parallel for the decoration has not been found.

SWYOR-FFA511: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy Roman brooch, probably a headstud variant dating from the second century. There is a broken loop to hold the pin mechanism which is missing. The wings are very thin and corroded, now tapering to points. There is a large rounded stud on the top of the bow. The bow is also badly corrode and tapers to a point. The lower two thirds and the foot are missing. It has a dark brown patina. It is 27.9mm long 17.8mm wide, and 7.8mm thick. It weighs 5.83gm.

SWYOR-FFB111: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy possible Roman brooch. It has a light green patina and is very corroded. There are similarities to the head of a trumpet brooch, but the flange that projects from the back of the head, where the loop would normally be to hold the pin mechanism, is not pierced. It is 27mm long 10.3mm wide, and 10.8mm thick. It weighs 5.28gm.

ESS-17DCA6: BROOCH
Medieval cast copper alloy incomplete annular brooch pin. The pin is rectangular in plan with a sub-circular cross section. There is a small moulded rectangular collar where the pin joins the attachment loop. There is a break across the end of the pin which is slightly worn. It is 43.79mm long, 12mm wide across the loop and 4.36mm wide across the pin. It weighs 4.35 grams. It has a mid-green patina and has a slightly pitted surface.

ESS-17F252: BROOCH
Roman (2nd century) incomplete cast copper alloy plate brooch. It is circular in plan, with a small central perforation, incised circle and incomplete radial lugs. Part of the edge is damaged and missing. The reverse has a double lug for the missing hinged pin. There is no surviving evidence of a catchplate. It has a dark green patina, however much of the original surface is missing. The brooch has a diameter of 16.32mm, is 1.12mm thick increasing to 10.85mm thick at the hinge lugs. Weight 1.23 grams.

CPAT-2615C6: BROOCH
This is a fragment of a copper alloy, distinctly Romano-British Trumpet Brooch from the 1st or 2nd century AD. This example is poorly cast with a very plain design and a slightly asymmetric joining of the two sides of the mould. The trumpet is poorly formed, being slightly askew in the mould and the pin lug is now broken. The bow is sub-oval in cross section at the top, changing to round, in the lower section. The central moulding consists of three simple ring protrusions with the central one being the larger. The foot, catch plate and pin are all now missing. The brooch has a green patina with much surface corrosion.

Copper alloy early type of Roman bow brooch called a Nauheim derivative dating to the first century AD. Only the bow remains, the pin and spring have broken away. It would have been a one piece brooch (the spring and pin being made from the same piece as the bow). The top of the bow has broken where it would have led into the spring. This has left a three pronged head, the central point being where the spring would have started. The bow has a circular cross section all the way down, narrowing to a point at the foot. The end of the bow has been bent around to form a hook shape. The catchplate has broken off. The brooch has a green/brown patina with a slightly pitted surface.

HAMP-2BABC7: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy equal-armed brooch of early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date (5th/6th century AD), incomplete only in that it is missing its pin. The flat arms are both triangular with rounded knops at each corner. One, at 18.55mm, is slightly longer than the other, at 16.05mm. The faceted bow that joins the arms curves in a shallowly raised arc. The diagonal sides of the arms are decorated on their upper surface with punched annulets. The lower surface is plain, and features a sub-trapezoidal catch-plate on one arm adjacent to the bow, and a broken D-shaped pin lug on the other, again adjacent to the bow. Traces of orange corrosion product near the pin lug suggest that the pin, or at least, the axis bar was made of iron. The metal is now a brown colour, covered in patches of various green corrosion product. The brooch has a total maximum height of 9.0mm. See examples from graves at Blacknall Field 26 (Ager in Annable and Eagles 2010, 27-28) and from Frilford, now in the British Museum (1867,0204.8).

HAMP-2CB955: BROOCH
A Roman cast copper-alloy enamelled zoomorphic plate brooch. The brooch is in the form of a hare, with breaks at its ears and feet. The body and eye of the hare are enamelled; the body in two lozenge-shaped and one upside down comma-shaped recesses, and the eye is a recessed ring. The enamel is green apart from the middle recess on the body, which is orange. On the reverse, the catch-plate is on the back of the head, and the remains of the pin and pin spring lugs are on the back of the tail end. The pin has broken off immediately after it separates from the spring. The metal of the brooch is covered in a dark-green patina. Hattatt (2000, 362; cf. refs. 612, 613, 1191) dates zoomorphic plate brooches to the 2nd century AD.

SWYOR-2D5294: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy Roman brooch, possibly of the trumpet derivative style, c. 50-200. The fragment consists of the foot and the catch plate,. The foot is decorated with two incised transverse grooves. and there are a further two incised grooves on the bow of the brooch at the point where it has broken. It is 29mm in length, 7mm wide, and 9.4mm thick. It weighs 2.42gm. Reference: Hattat, Visual Catalogue, p.330, Nos. 962/963.

DOR-526387: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy and enamel T-shaped bow brooch. One wing and the upper part of the bow only remain. The wing is tubular and houses the remnant of a copper alloy axis bar. The front of the wings is decorated with two incised vertical lines next to the bow. The bow is oval in cross-section and tapers towards the break. The front has three recesses for enamel. There are two square recesses arranged vertically at the head of the bow which retain traces of turquoise enamel. There are framed by incised double lines. Below them the bow has two flanking rectangular notches. The third recess lies below these and is propeller-shaped. There is some discoloured enamel remaining. Just above the break the bow again has two flanking rectangular notches. Date: Roman - 1st to second century AD. Dimensions: 26.79 mm x 22.82 mm x 7.50 mm. Weight: 9.26 g.

SUR-52C4D3: BROOCH
An oval Roman plate brooch with a central oval hollow to take a glass setting. No decoration survives but the brooch was originally gilded.

SUR-53DDD2: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of T-shaped form with a hinged pin. Much of the pin as well as the catchplate are missing. The bow is circular in section.

late Iron Age to Early Roman (AD 20-70) Colchester one-piece bow brooch, 52mm long, 15mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 3.62grams. The brooch consists of very small flat rectangular shaped wings which hold a spring, 3 coils remain. The bow is sub circular and straight, tapering to a flattened point which has traces of a catchplate visible. A similar Colchester brooch is illustrated by Hattatt R. (2007), Fig. 155, no. 250.

LEIC-545F77: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 34mm long, 22mm wide and 12mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 4.85grams. The brooch consists of semi-circular wings which are missing the spring. It has a circular sectioned bow with the remains of a triangular catchplate emerging from its base.

Roman copper alloy Langton Down brooch, 41mm long, 20mm wide and 12mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green/red patina and weighs 7.36grams. The brooch consists of hollow circular sectioned wings which contain a pin recess. The bow is rectangular in section and has a central rib running down its centre. It terminates with a rounded base which contains the remains of a catchplate.

LEIC-54BA06: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment, 21mm long, 18mm wide and 9mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 4.86grams. The brooch consists of part of a flat wing with a circular terminal. It has a sub circular bow which tapers sharply before a break and which has a ridge emerging from the top which hangs over the wings.

LEIC-54F1B4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy fantail brooch, 39mm long, 18mm wide and 12mm thick. The brooch is in good condition with a green patina and weighs 8.86grams. The brooch consists of solid oval sectioned wings which contain a hinged pin fragment. The bow consists of a flat circular plate which has a triangular one below. The circluar part contains a raised circle with a central cross forming a 'wheel'. The triangular plate has a central recessed triangle a further triangle emerging from each side. This is contained within an incised border. All of these would have been filled with enamel. The reverse of the triangular plate has the remains of a cathplate filling its length.

Roman copper alloy umbonate brooch fragment, 19mm long, 14mm wide and 11mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 1.88grams. The fragment consists of an incomplete circular dome. This is decorated with elongated triangular enamel cells, of alternating blue and red colour. These cells are seperated by raised bands which terminate in a spherical knop in the fragments centre.

LIN-6CB116: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Dolphin brooch. The brooch has cylindrical wings in cross-section containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. The bow is D-shaped in cross-section and incomplete shortly after it leaves the wings.

SUR-7011A1: BROOCH
An early Saxon short long brooch with a trefoil headplate around a central square. The headplate has D-shaped arms, two of which are missing, and two vertical lines of crescentic stamps. The bow is arched with facetted corners. The narrow footplate has two pairs of ridges. The remaining part of the spring is iron. The catchplate is missing.

LON-ABCBE2: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy lozenge-shaped object, possibly an incomplete brooch (AD43-410). The object has a central lozenge-shaped section with a raised border creating a cell in which enamel may have originally been inlaid. Projecting from opposing points of the lozenge is a globular terminal. From one of these terminals a flat tab projects. The reverse is flat with no evidence of brooch pin mechanisms. Hattatt illustrated a lozenge-shaped plate brooch from the 2nd century AD (2000:348 no. 1089) which is similar in shape but the absence of even a scar where the catchplate or pin would have attached to the front of this object suggests it might not be a brooch. Dimensions: length: 20.76mm; width: 15.04mm; thickness: 1.61mm; weight: 0.19g. Reference: Hattatt, R. 2000. A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt’s Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books., Oxford

DOR-BBE231: BROOCH
A copper alloy strip bow brooch. A simple tapering, flat strip of copper alloy with two curled tabs at the head to house the missing axis bar. The bow is decorated with a groove along each side. The foot is broken off. Date: Roman - 1st to 2nd century Dimensions: 40.20 mm x 10.39 mm x 5.71 mm Weight: 2.54 g

ESS-BC5FC2: BROOCH
Fragment of a Roman cast copper alloy langton down brooch. The rolled wings and part of the bow survives. The bow is extremely flat and has four cast ridges along its length. A small piece of spring also survives. The fragment is extremely damaged with recent breaks around the wings, and a worn break across the bow. It has a dark green-grey patina and there is a small amount of copper corrosion on the bow. It is 19.20mm long, 17.65mm wide across the wings and weighs 1.69 grams.

SWYOR-CFFAA4: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Roman brooch of the bow-and-fantail type, late first or second century, c. AD 50-200. The bow of the brooch widens into a fantail at the foot, though this is narrower than is usual on this type of brooch. The bow is decorated with a broad longitudinal raised rib, which may have been incised with a row of punched dots, though this is uncertain. Half way along the bow is a roundel formed of a cup-shaped central depression, surrounded by two deeply incised circular grooves. There are two small knops, one projecting at each side of the roundel, which project at 90 degrees to the bow. The wings of the bow are plain, except for a transverse row of raised, rectangular dots at the very tips of the wings. There is a projection above the wings, also decorated with a transverse row of rectangular dots, which held the head loop. The loop itself is broken. The catch plate remains in place at the foot of the brooch, though the catch itself is missing, but the pin has broken away, only the portion within the tubular and slotted wings remaining. The brooch is 54.1mm long, 26.5mm wide, and 20.5mm thick. It weighs 22.52gm. See Hattatt's Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p. 314, Nos. 74 & 819. The brooch has a dark brown and orange patina.

NCL-D05155: BROOCH
A complete copper-ally Roman wheel plate brooch. The hinged pin and catch plate are complete and still in working order although the end of the pin is misshapen. The front surface of the brooch is heavily decorated. The brooch has a central pointed boss which has an ornate decoration of 6 sub-oval projections or 'spokes' which radiate outward from the central knob. Each spoke has a central depression which has caused the edges to be inverted in a v-shape. This has been separately applied and the end of the attachment spike can be seen on the back of the brooch. This central feature is set into a concave in the plate which is edged with a ridge this is then is enclosed by two concentric circles around the brooches edge. This wheel brooch dates from the late second century to the late third century.

HAMP-D30EE2: BROOCH
A worn and incomplete early Anglo-Saxon gilded copper-alloy saucer brooch, which has perhaps been reused as a mount or pendant. The brooch is circular, with a rough reverse that has the worn-away remains of a catchplate near a jagged broken edge. The front of the brooch is decorated with concentric rings; the centre is a plain raised disc within a larger flat disc. The has a double grooved ring border. The next concentric ring contains twelve running spirals, which is enclosed in a final outer incised ring border. The front has many patches of gilding. Opposite the broken edge is a pierced circular hole; the remains of a second can arguably be seen in the broken edge. These holes suggest a reuse of the object, rather than being part of the original design, as they cut into the decoration. Alternatively, as the holes are near the pin fixings, they may represent a repair. A number of similar brooches can be found in MacGregor and Bolick (1993, 42-45), but none have the pierced holes.

WILT-D5CB77: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman copper alloy and enamel brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 8, Southern England, small boss near the top, serrated sides mid-bow, enamel cells, flat wing ends type, Soms, Wilts, Glos. and Oxon). Missing its enamel, axis bar and spring/ pin mechanism. It measures 41.55mm in length. The wingspan is 20.88mm and the wings C-shaped in section. They are decorated to the front with two vertical ribs. Both side lugs are damaged and broken across the piercing. The bow is surmounted by a (broken) pierced lug for the cord at the top of the wings. It is likely this extended to the top of the central panel but lost of patina has removed the evidence. Either side the pierced lug, flanking the edges of the wings, is a pair of thin ribs. These peter out towards the central part of the bow which has a serrated edge on either side and a panel of decoration between. This consists of four diamond shapes in vertical formation with area around for the (now missing) enamel. The lower bow has a light groove flanking each edge to the foot, which is semi-circular in shape and kicks forwards at 90°. To the reverse, the catchplate extends behind the lower bow. late 1st - late 4th century.

NCL-E58CE4: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy fantail brooch of the later 1st century. The brooch is nearly complete, missing only the shaft of the hinged pin, a small bit of which protrudes out of the slot in the head. The head is formed by two cylindrical arms rolled back, with no indication of a headloop. The bow is triangular in section and tapers to the fan-shaped foot (max width: 21.65mm). The foot has two raised triangular panels, which are also in copper-alloy rather than enamel. A triangular catchplate with a curled tip projects from the centre of the underside of the foot.

SWYOR-E78E57: BROOCH
A medieval, copper-alloy annular brooch, flat in section, c. 1300-1400. There is a constriction in the frame for the pin, which remains in situ. It is decorated on one side with a pattern of finely engraved zig-zags, which fashion a six-pointed star, the points of which reach to the outer edge of the brooch. In the space between each pair of points is a short row of engraved zig-zags. The reverse of the brooch is plain. The pin is cut from sheet metal, bent to form a loop round the frame and tapering towards the point. It and the frame have a light green patina. It is 23.9mm in diameter and 4.7mm thick at the pin. The frame is 1.8mm thick. It weighs 3.7gm. For similar examples see Museum of London, Dress Accessories, p.249, No. 1308.

SWYOR-E7B197: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Roman trumpet brooch c. AD 75-175. The foot of the brooch is decorated with two shallowly inscribed transverse grooves running completely around it. The raised portion of the foot between these two grooves carries a number of shallow vertical grooves. There are two longitudinal grooves, one on each side of the brooch running the length of the leg from the foot to the acanthus button. The acanthus button has four raised, petal-like protrusions spaced at regular intervals above and below a central disc. The decoration continues right round the bow. The catch plate and the pin loop are intact and the pin remains in place. The pin is a sprung coil of copper-alloy wire, of six turns. Another piece of wire runs through the centre of the spring and round the pin where it is constricted by a crimped band of metal to form a chain loop. The constricting band is decorated with two shallowly engraved longitudinal grooves. The brooch has a dark grey green patina. It is 40.4mm long, 16.1mm thick, and 30mm wide. It weighs 13.2gm. See Hattat, Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p.326, No. 80.

NCL-E79A74: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy disc brooch of the late Early Medieval period, dating from the 10th century. The brooch has a border of incised lines with a central depiction of an animal possibly a stylised lion. The animal is left facing looking back with a raised tail. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of the hinge fitting and catch plate.

SWYOR-E7D222: BROOCH
A thin copper-alloy cast Roman brooch, an Alcester type, one of the trumpet derivatives, probably dating from the second century. Only the head of the brooch survives. It is trumpet shaped and hollow. The remains of a broken head loop project at the top. At the back are circular holes, one at each side, which would have held the axis bar of the spring. The spring and pin are missing. At the front of the bow, a damaged semi-circular flange projects forwards, while the bow would have continued downwards but is not missing. The front of the brooch is decorated. There is a band of raised dots bordered by an incised groove across the top of the head. There is a raised vertical band down the centre of the head, with an oval area of silvering on each side, maybe representing eyes. There is another row of raised dots across the bottom of the head, and the flange is covered with similar bumps. Much of the decoration carries traces of silvering. The metal has a smooth grey green patina. The brooch is 34.2mm long, 22.7mm wide, and 9.7mm thick. It weighs 5.75gm. Similar examples on the database are NMGW-E827B2, DENO-128EC4 and BERK-416112. See also number 976 and number 447 in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue. Alcester brooches are not very common, but are known from South East England up to Scotland.

SUR-EAAB02: BROOCH
A complete Roman brooch of Langton Down type. The brooch has six parallel ridges on a slightly flaring bow. The catchplate retains the pin.

SUR-EABD11: BROOCH
A complete Roman brooch of Hod Hill (or perhaps Aucissa) type, with rolled-back head. On each side of the bow are three rounded projections and there is a rounded knop at the base of the foot. The decoration on the bow comprises a central strip of interlocking triangles with a notched line on each side.

Incomplete and small copper alloy enamelled Roman knee brooch, missing its spring mechanism and pin, and lower bow and catchplate. Its incomplete length is 29.99mm and it weighs 3.35g. The wings are semi-circular in section and span 11.93mm. A D-shaped loop projects above. To the reverse is a square area, set slightly into the wings and with the stubs of two broken lugs (which would have held the axis bar for the spring). The spring would have been short. The bow is a rounded-triangle in section and 8.91mm wide where it extends below the wings. It curves outwards and forwards quite prominently before curving and narrowing to the break (3.83mm wide) at the top of the catchplate, just where the lower bow would extend more-or-less vertically. The bow is decorated either side of the central arris with four cells filled with red enamel. The top and bottom of these is triangular in shape, the middle two D-shaped, the curves facing outwards. 2nd century in date.

BERK-3D8107: BROOCH
A Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Midlands) cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.l.c Plate 49, dating to the late 1st - 2nd Century AD. Most of the pin and hook of the catchplate are missing, otherwise the brooch is near-complete. Decoration is restricted to a linear groove running down the spine of the brooch, which narrows from the top. A circular depression at the base of the groove may have held a small decorative insert such as enamel or glass. There are three ring and dot motifs on either side of the bow neck and above the pin joint. The head of the brooch has short wings finished with sub-circular end caps. The caps are pierced to accommodate the iron spring bar - the coiled spring is complete although suffers fe corrosion from the spring bar. A backwards hook-loop at the rear of the brooch head holds the overhead spring cord. An exact comparision for this brooch could not be found in Hattatt's works, although number 25 in the Visual Catalogue is the closest. The brooch measures 54.85mm long, 20.52mm wide and weighs 20.6gms.

LANCUM-3FBEF6: BROOCH
Early Roman Bow and Fan Tail brooch fragment. Just a segment of the Fan Tail remaining. The lentgh is 12mm, the width 10mm, the thickness 6mm and the weight is 1.32g.

A copper-alloy Roman fantail brooch, c. 50-150 AD, or perhaps a trumpet derivative type of 43 - 200 AD. The lower bow of the brooch is a slightly flared rectangle decorated with a panel of blue enamel within which is an isosceles triangle enameled in red. Above is a flat forwards facing roundel, slightly oval in shape, containing red enamel with a central dot of the underlying copper-alloy and a ring of blue round it. The narrow rectangular wings of the brooch are undecorated. The head loop remains intact as do the catch plate (though missing the turned over part), the pin bar, and the sprung pin of six turns. The shaft of the pin is broken and the point is missing. The brooch is 35.2mm long, 13.6mm wide, and 13mm thick. It weighs 5.74gm. It has similarities to Hattat, Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, p.315, number 74, and page 330, number 987. A patch of silvering survives on the lower bow, and the copper has a deep green glossy patina.

SUR-660A55: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of Hod Hill type. Only a fragment of the upper part survives together with the iron bar and a small part of the pin. The brooch has a white metal coating. One of a pair of side lugs survives and the bow has multiple ribbing along its length.

SUR-669CE2: BROOCH
A Roman umbonate disc brooch; the central cone has a concave back and an apex knop. Both pin housing and catchplate survive although the pin is missing. The brooch is in very good condition.

A complete Roman bow brooch of T-shaped form with intact hinged pin. The bow has a D-section. The upper part of the bow has a raised spine with diagonal notches bordered by a single groove each side. The sides of the bow each have a pair of diagonal notches which run from the spine to the edge of the lower side. The lower part of the bow has a series of transverse grooves. The two side-wings each have a pair of transverse grooves on their tips.

SUR-6A0443: BROOCH
A plain one-piece wire brooch of Colchester type. Most of the pin and part of the catchplate are missing. The catchplate appears to have been openwork.

HAMP-3CF193: BROOCH
A worn and incomplete Roman cast plate brooch of 2nd-century date. This flat brooch has an annular body with circular open centre (Dia.: 8.9mm). At the cardinal points are four protrusions which have suffered differing levels of abrasion. On the lower surface on the two complete, opposing protrusions are, respectively, the abraded catch-plate and the perforated, semi-circular double pin lug. The pin is missing, but the axis bar seems to partially survive. The more complete protrusions are divided from the main annular field by a circular border on the upper surface. There is another border at the open centre. The protrusion adjacent to the pin lug has a perforation, possibly for holding a chain. The two other surviving protrusions are decorated with enamel. That with the catch-plate is triangular and filled with light-blue enamel. The other is circular and recessed; traces of an orange enamel survive within. Within the border the main field also has evidence of enamel radiating out towards the edge in sections. That which survives is a light red colour. The reverse is mostly flat and undecorated; there is ridge in the same plane as the pin lug and catch-plate. The metal is now a dark red-brown colour with patches of off-white corrosion product in places.

NARC-3E2C08: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy brooch of Colchester two-piece type. 1st century AD. The wings are 26.5mm wide and semi-circular in section, with a flat reverse. At the centre of the wings reverse is a double pierced lug, the uppermost missing the top part of the loop. Each wing has a vertical groove approximately 2mm from the terminal. The bow is triangular in section, tapering slightly in width towards the foot, from 8mm at the bow to 4mm at the rounded terminal. The bow has a central vertical groove with a narrow wavy line from the uppermost lug to the foot. There is a groove along each edge. The foot is rounded and the intact catchplate is 20mm long and 8mm wide. The brooch has a greenish-blue even patina.

CORN-4FB1D6: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy Roman trumpet derivative brooch with a looped headplate, enamelled and moulded bow, and expanded foot. The D-shaped headplate is decorated with two transverse grooves which step down to the recessed tab with only the base of the loop remaining. The back of the headplate has two perforated D-shaped lugs which would have held the spring and pin, now missing. The upper part of the bow has a rectangular section with two longitudinal recessed fields which hold twelve rectangular cells, each pair with alternating orange enamel, still extant, and bronze. At the end of these fields is a central circular stud, with an incised cross, above three moulded transverse ribs with recessed rings between them. The central rib has an incised zig-zag pattern which defines raised alternating triangles. The lower section of the bow narrows towards the foot with a central ridge running the length of the section, and is bordered by parallel moulded edges on either side. The foot is expanded into bifid knops which are defined by curvilinear moulded grooves which make the projections look like insect eyes. The central area of the lower bow has been bent in antiquity and has lost the surface patina, and is now quite corroded. Behind this lower section the catchplate survives but is also quite corroded and bent in the same area. Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar trumpet derivative brooch with looped headplate, enamelled bow and central stud, and expanded foot on pages 331, Figs.190, No.1538, which is referred to as a Wroxeter type and dated from the 1st to the 2nd century AD. Bayley & Butcher (2004) illustrate a Wroxeter type trumpet derivative brooch, with a similar recessed headplate and tab, two recessed fields in the upper bow, above three transverse mouldings, a bevelled lower bow and expanded foot, on page 169, Fig.142, No.T151. Contexts for this type range in date from the Flavian period, c.AD 69-96, to c.AD 200.

LEIC-4FEBE1: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy brooch terminal? 19mm long, 8mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 1.81grams. The object is rectangular in form and section which narrows towards one end and has a rounded upper surface. It is decorated with two or three raised bands which are seperated by three sets of two drilled circles. The object is either part of the foot plate of a cruciform or small long brooch, or is the lower part of a strap end.

WAW-5148A6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 1.d, flat wing ends type), cf. Mackreth 2011, 1. pg. 70-71, Plate 44. The wings are semi-cylindrical but are incomplete and abraded. The wings have incomplete perforated wing caps. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated. The bowhead is hump-like in profile and is oval in section. The bow head and bow are undecorated. The bow tapers to a blunt point which is a broken terminal just below the probable mid point. This break is not recent. The catchplate is therefore missing. The surface of the brooch has a dark brown patina. It measures 24.49mm long, 22.42mm wide across the wings and weighs 5.1g. Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

SWYOR-5566F0: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch of the bow and fantail type dating from 50 - 150 AD. The brooch has rectangular wings decorated with two vertical grooves separated by a band of ropework. The wings hide a tubular housing for the copper alloy axis bar and copper alloy hinged pin. Only part of the pin survives. There is the remains of an integral head loop with a band of ropework beneath it. The top of the bow is decorated with a downward pointing triangle containing three triangular cells of decayed ?blue enamel. There there is a band of moulding; three transverse collars. The bow then flares into a circular setting on the front of the bow which is pierced, the setting being in the centre of a lozenge shaped frame. Below is another triple collar and the the bow forms the triangular fantail. There is a recessed area in the shape of a triangle. This is filled with ?red enamel except for a horseshoe shape with a lozenge shaped cell above. Little of the catchplate survives.The metal work has a deep green patina and is in good condition. The breaks are patinated. Compare LIN-678D07 and YORYM-96E435, but particularly SWYOR-2815A8.

An incomplete cast copper alloy Trumpet brooch. The bow head is a sub-oval in plan. On the reverse of the bow head there is an incomplete perforated lug which would have been part of the hinge. The pin, spring and possible axis bar are all missing. The bow protrudes from the centre of the bow head and is sub semi-circular in section. This upper portion of the bow is undecorated. At the apex of the bow there is a simplistic acanthus. The lower portion of the bow is undecorated and only a fragment remains before it is broken. The break is not recent. The catchplate is missing. The surface of the brooch is abraded and has a well developed mid grey/green patina. It measures 24.18mm long and 7.43mm wide across the bow head. It weighs 4.6g and is in faircondition. The brooch is a Trumpet-headed type. Trumpet brooches date to 75 to 175 AD (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter). These types of brooch are thought to originate in the Midlands.

HAMP-65A3D7: BROOCH
A damaged and incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman T-shape brooch dating to around the second half of the 1st century AD. Although the brooch survives in good condition, both wings are bent, the catch-plate has been damaged due to an old break and the pin is missing. The head has tubular wings, undecorated but for a double transverse incision at tip on the upper surface. This is only visible on the right hand wing (when viewing the brooch in plan, head uppermost) as this survives, at a right angle albeit bent back slightly. The other wing has been truncated and split at the tip, squashed in and bent back on itself. The copper-alloy axis bar survives in situ. At the head are ridges to each side, with a groove outside that continues into the bow. The longitudinal ridges are decorated with diagonal incisions giving a rope-work effect. The main field of the upper bow is raised, a continuation of the ridges mentioned, with the grooves continuing the length of the decorated field. The field is decorated with a trio of molded lozenges, each is separated by a pair of moulded facing triangles. Each lozenge has a recess in the centre, the lower two ones containing evidence of enamel, the middle lozenge contains orange enamel, the lowest, red. Below the trio of lozenges the cross-section of the bow changes from broadly semicircular to triangular. This 'leg' of such cross-section terminates at the foot with a group of three transverse incisions on the upper surface. The plain lower surface features the abraded catch-plate at its foot; this has a web of 14.75mm. The artefact has a mid- to dark-green patina with patches of off-white corrosion product in places. The decoration is paralleled on a T-shape brooch illustrated in Hattatt (2001, 303; ref. 28). These developed T-shape brooches have a south-western bias and can be dated to around the second half of the 1st century AD; cf. HAMP-BF43F1 and HAMP-87F4C3 on this database.

WAW-6AA696: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Colchester derivative (Dolphin) of Roman date (43-150AD). Approximately 50% of the brooch is present, consisting of the head, bow and wings. Part of the catch-plate is present at the base of the bow, but the pin and spring are missing, presumably lost in antiquity. The bow head is hump-like, and angular (comma shaped) in profile. Three longituditional ridges are present. The bow is sub circular in cross section. It extends to a broken point near the foot. Part of the catch-plate is present as a low ridge on the back of the bow. The wings project from the sides of the head and consist of two sets of two parallel ridges as decoration (cavetto style moulding). The end caps are missing. The back of the bow demonstrates a sub rectangular depression, which extends the entire width of the brooch (from one wing to the other), and would have originally held the spring. The back of the bow is smooth. The brooch measures 54.76mm length, is 26.75mm wide across wings and 16.24mm tall. It weighs 15.6 grams. The brooch is a dark greenish colour with an even but slightly abraded patina. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches (p 298, fig 157, no. 356) and are of 1st Century AD dating. Reference: Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

SUR-A58714: BROOCH
A fragment comprising the upper part of a plain Roman trumpet brooch. The pin and spring are missing.

NCL-B97123: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester type (two piece).This type of brooch is attributed to the 1st century AD. Both the head and the catchplate are broken and the brooch is missing the pin. There is a sharp angle at the head and the bow is decorated with two grooves. The metal is dark and slightly corroded. A parallel can be found in Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. (2004) Roman Brooches in Britain, London: SANT: 61f: fig. 51.

LEIC-B9A364: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 25mm long, 22mm wide and 14mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 7.79grams. It consists of semi-circular sectioned wings missing their spring and a plain sub circular sectioned bow, missing its catchplate.

SUR-BC4153: BROOCH
A late Iron Age one-piece wire brooch of Nauheim Derivative type. The brooch is complete and plain with a rectangular section strip bow and a solid catchplate.

NCL-BC9748: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy trumpet brooch fragment, dating to the 2nd century. The brooch is made up of the head of the brooch, with the bow, foot and pin missing. The brooch has a looped attachment on the reverse of the head for a spring pin fitting. At the break of the brooch, where the head would have met the bow, there are 2 raised circumferential lines. There are traces of green corrosion.

NCL-BCAF02: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper allot T-shaped (Colchester derivative) brooch fragment dating to the Flavian period (69-96). The brooch is made up of the head, bow and foot, with the pin missing. The brooch is sub rectangular in shape. The wings of the brooch are cylindrical and a rectangular slot sits in the centre which would have enclosed the iron axis bar. The bow is D-shaped in section. The bow is wider at the head and tapers to a narrow point. It is decorated with a raised central ridge, flanked on either side by 2 thinner raised lines. The catchplate is present and complete. The brooch is in good condition, with some slight rusting.

NCL-BCDC55: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon brooch fragment, small long type. The brooch is made up of the bow and foot, with the head missing. The catchplate is mostly lost. The brooch is an elongated P-shape in section and rectangular in plan, tapering slightly towards the foot. The bow is carinated with notched corners while the foot bears 3 pairs of incised lines across its width. There are a few patches of green corrosion.

NCL-BCE7E2: BROOCH
A cast incomplete copper alloy Roman Brooch of Hod Hill type A. This type of brooch is attributed to between AD 43 to AD 70. The brooch has a distinct upper panel with broken side wings and a central ridge running down the length. The lower panel has horizontal ridges and a footknob. The brooch is heavily corroded and missing the catchplate and the pin. A parrallel can be found in Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. (2004) Roman Brooches in Britain.

LEIC-CF0A57: BROOCH
Early medieval copper alloy small long brooch, 62mm long, 29mm wide and 11mm thick. The object is in good condition and weighs 8.86 grams. The object consists of a sub rectangular head plate which has three semi-spherial sectioned, semi-circular knops. There is a semi-circular lug attachment on its reverese and a curved bow emerges from one edge. Below the bow the object consists of a flat 'kite' shaped plate which houses the catchplate and is decorated with a border of stamped crescents, this terminates with a semi-spherical knop which matches the others.

LEIC-D05E11: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy plate brooch, 37mm in diameter and 15mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition and weighs 9.44grams. The brooch is missing part of its body, spring and pin. It has very ornate and unusual enamelled decoration, mostly consisting of millefiori cells. The brooch consists of a central raised circular knop which appears to be plain? Surrounding this are three circles of enamel, the first being solid red. The second has a white ground with repeating blue 'feathered' motifs and the third has alternate squares of multicoloured millefiori cells. The first type is a 'chequerboard' formed of a white ground with two sets of blue stripes running at right angles. At each intersection of the stripe is a red cell, with the whole surrounded by a solid jade green border. The other cell has a yellow ground and consists of a red open circle bordered by a blue one. This is surrounded by a wavy brown line, which appears to be arranged to represent petals? Brooches of this sort are rare in Britain, with a few examples noted by Justine Bayley and Sarnia Butcher in 'Brooches in Roman Britain: a technological and typological study based on the Richborough collection' The blue and white border has been made from slices of millefiori which have alternating sections reversed to form mirror images. A similar pattern occurs on an unidentified object from the Uley shrine, pers comm. Justine Bayley.

SUR-D31D95: BROOCH
The lower part of a Roman bow brooch, possibly of Colchester type. The catch plate has a pair of circular apertures.

SUR-D40720: BROOCH
A copper alloy object, possibly a brooch, but now exhibitng signs of active bronze disease. The object curves and has a wider and a narrower end. None of the original surface survives. Little also can be made of the pits at the wider end and the iron corrosion at the narrower end. A vague Iron Age or Roman date is suggested.

LIN-E3D7E2: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch has a rectangular headplate with an elongated spur extending from the top. The headplate is undecorated and has a worn perimeter. The bow is arched, slightly faceted and undecorated. The foot is missing. There is a lug on the reverse.

NCL-E47956: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy -shaped brooch of the later 1st century, c 69-96. The brooch has cylindrical arms, hollow to take an axel with a vertical slot in the centre for the hinged pin. The bow is D-shaped in section and tapers from its peak at the head to a pointed base. The underside of the lower bow retains most of the catchplate, with only the hooked pin-rest missing.

LEIC-E6CB21: BROOCH
An incomplete Medieval copper alloy annular brooch fragment, 32mm in diameter, 5mm wide and 3mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 2.66grams. The object consists of half of a brooch including the recessed pin bar. It is triangular in section and is decorated with a series of deep tranverse incisions seperated by a circular depression, one on each side of the upper surface.

WMID-F68142: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman brooch fragment, of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4. d, flat wing ends type). Only the head and a very small part of the bow remains. The brooch is fragmentary and very worn, but based on the shape of the head and the possibility of slight plates above what remains of the wings the brooch may be of Polden Hill type. It has open sub-cylindrical wings which would have held the pin mechanism, now missing. The remains of a possible attachment lug are visible at the top of the head. Faint moulded ribbed decoration can be seen running down the remains of the bow. The brooch would date from the late first to second century AD. It is very worn and has a dark brown to black patina, with green in places. It measures 15.01 mm long, 15.77 mm wide, 7.34 mm thick and weighs 2.5 grams.

WMID-F6FC53: BROOCH
A fragment from a cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46 . Only the head survives and the brooch is in poor condition. The wings were open at the back to hold the pin mechanism and slight moulding above what remains of the wings suggests this may have been a Polden Hill brooch, although this is a little uncertain. The remains of an attachment lug for the spring is visible at the top of the bow. The bow does not appear to have been decorated. The brooch is likely to date to the late first to second centuries AD. It measures 15.47 mm long, 12.97 mm wide across the wings, 8.41 mm thick at the head and weighs 2.4 grams. It has a worn grey to brown patina with areas of green corrosion at the breaks.

WMID-F744D2: BROOCH
A fragment from the bow of a cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of probably Trumpet type, dating from the late first to mid-second century AD. The head is missing, as is the lower part of the bow and foot. The bow is curved in profile, although this curve appears to be exaggerated by an accidental bend. The centre of the bow has a moulded central bulbous rib, familiar to that seen on other Trumpet brooches. Small traces of red enamel remain just below this moulded rib. Beneath this, on the reverse of the bow, traces of the catchplate remain. The brooch measures 34.03 mm long, 10.47 mm wide, 10.37 mm thick and weighs 7.6 grams. The brooch is worn with a brown patina, although the patina is a dark green where traces of the original surface of the metal survive.

WAW-FC76E8: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (West Midland). The wings are semi-cylindrical but are incomplete and abraded. It is not certain whether they had wing caps or not. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated. The bowhead is hump-like in profile and is semi-circular in section. The bow head and bow are undecorated. The bow tapers to a blunt point which is a broken terminal just below the probable mid point. This break is possibly recent. The catchplate is therefore missing. The surface of the brooch is has a well developed shiny brown patina. It measures 25.03mm long, 17.38mm wide across the wings and weighs 5.9g. The brooch is probably a Polden Hill type, which probably dates to c. 75 to 175 AD (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter). Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

WAW-FCAB60: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch. The wings are tubular with abraded terminals. In the centre of the wings there is a slot to allow the pin to move. The pin is now missing. The axis bar within the wings is possibly iron. The bow head and bow are angular, thick, and a sub-lozenge shape in section. In profile the bow is a pronounced ')' shape and the lower edge tapers to a broken edge. The lower portion of the bow is missing. The surface of the brooch has a well developed shiny grey patina which is incomplete. It measures 29.28mm long, 25.16mm wide across the wings and weighs 12.2g. The wings and bow are substantial in construction suggesting the brooch was a lot larger when complete. The shape of the bow in profile and section is very similar to that of Crossbow brooches which Hattat (Hattat, R. 1989 Ancient Brooches and Other Artefacts Oxbow) dates to the 3rd or 4th centuries.

NARC-51A6A7: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Dolphin-type brooch with spring mechanism. Roman. 1st century AD.

SUSS-63BB85: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman copper-alloy disc brooch. The brooch is ring shaped , with the central hole measuring 6.3mm in diameter. The central hole is bordered on the face of the brooch by twin raised circular bands, the inner of which is slightly wider. Between the outer band and the outer raised border of the brooch is a recessed field of alternate blue and green enamel insets. The reverse of the brooch has a radially aligned broken double-lug to hinge the pin (now missing). Diametrically opposed to this on the same radial alignment is the sub-triangular catch plate. The outside of the brooch has six evenly spaced integrally cast lugs set around the circumference. A similar brooch is illustrated in Hattatt's Ancient Brooches (1982:p.345, fig 204, number 1057).

KENT-780D85: BROOCH
A complete cast copper alloy Roman brooch. This is a dolphin bow brooch with a spring pin. The head has short wings, forming half a cylinder encasing the spring. There are 3 vertical linear grooves on each wing. The head curves into a vertical bow (at 90 degrees to the spring). The bow has an oval cross section, and tapers down to a point at the foot. There are vertical linear grooves running down the length of the bow. The catchplate is triangular and solid. The pin is complete, although now has bent. There are 6 coils on each side of the spring. 50 - 100 AD. It is in good condition. Hattat A visual catalogue of Ancient brooches p298 no 357 37.83mm L x 25.09mm W x 4.49mm T 9.7g

An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman headstud brooch. The head is comprised of short incomplete wings both of which have the remains of vertical linear decoration. The bow is rectangular in section and contains a ring and dot design headstud. From the headstud the bow extends downwards terminating at a circular foot. The bow is decorated with parallel horizontal recessed cells, some of which have surviving traces of red and white enamel. The catchplate is complete and is triangular. only one half of the spring remains, and no pin. There are 4 coils encased in one of the cylindrical wings. 75 - 200 AD. Hattatt A visual cataloge of ancient brooches p332 no 944 54.55mm L x 18.20mm W x 3.25mm T 17.4g

A complete cast copper alloy Medieval annular brooch. It has small circular frame, with a recessed section for the pin. it has a flat rectangular cross-section. There are regularly placed wide linear grooves on one side, giving the appearance of raised and depressed square decoration.Th pin is a piece of copper alloy wire, wrapped around the frame.The pin is complete. The brooch is in a good condition. 13th to 15th century. 17.06mm D x 1.90mm T 1.8g

A cast copper-alloy trumpet brooch of the early Roman period, 1st-2nd century AD. The brooch is incomplete, missing its pin and some of its catchplate, and the bow has been bent back just below the head. The head has a lug on its reverse and the base of a loop on its upper edge. The bow is undecorated except at its peak, where a central biconical 'bead' is flanked above and below by a constriction and collar, though this decoration is worn and muted. It occurs in the full-round. The foot is a small discoidal projection. The catchplate is intact but missing the hooked pin rest.

A cast copper-alloy developed T-shaped brooch of the 2nd century. The brooch has an integral headloop fixed on a rectangular base emerging from the top of the head. The head merges into the bow and eventually the foot, tapering from headloop to the base of the brooch. Cylindrical arms emerge to either side of the head, with slightly mushroom-shaped terminals. One arm bears a circular opening for the insertion of an axel rod for the hinge pin, for which a vertical rectangular perforation can be seen on the centre of the reverse of the head. The pin is missing, but the hinge appears to be corroded in situ. There is no evidence for a catchplate of more developed foot.

NARC-B87221: BROOCH
Lozenge shaped zoomorphic plate brooch. Roman. 2nd Century AD. A circular concave indent on the reverse. The hinge mechanism is broken and the catchplate is incomplete. The front has raised concentric triangular cells. The upper cell is inset slightly, probably to hold enamel. The side terminals end in a circular, flat knop. The upper and lower terminals have a zoomorphic face with extended circular knops decorated with ring and dot style eyes and a rounded nose. Similar can be seen in Hattatt's Visual catalogue, figure 590.

WAW-CBFB84: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative,Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), cf. Mackreth 2011, 5.a4. Plate 50, no. 1585, Lower Severn Valley. Roman date (43-120AD). Approximately 50% of the brooch is present, consisting of the head, bow and wings. The foot, spring, pin and catch plate are missing, presumably lost in antiquity. In plan, the brooch is almost T-shaped, and D-shaped in cross section. The bow head is hump-like, and angular (comma shaped) in profile, with cylindral wings projecting from either side at the top. The brooch is decorated by a series of vertical ribs. Five ribs are present on the bow, one at the junction between the bow and wings, and three ribs on each of the wings. The end two ribs on each of the wings is rouletted. Each of the wings has a sub circular wing cap. A hook pointing forwards, is located at the head of the brooch, this originally would have held part of the spring. The back of the brooch is plain and undecorated. A cylindral groove is present along the length of the back, between the two wings and would have originally held the coiled spring. One loop of this spring is still present, wrapped around the retaining bar. The brooch measures 27.43mm length, is 19.51mm width across wings and 8.53mm tall. It weighs 4.0 grams. The brooch is a dark greenish colour with an even but slightly abraded patina. The patina is broken in a few places, and there are signs of active copper corrosion (bright green flecks) in a couple of places. The brooch has suffered abrasion, with a loss of the original surface in several places. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches (p 300, fig 159). Reference: Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

SWYOR-CD5AC6: BROOCH
A copper alloy Early Anglo-Saxon brooch; a small-long brooch dating from the 5th or 6th century. The head is a rectangular plate with circular indents in each corner making the head roughly cross-shaped. There is no visible decoration on the head plate. The bow has a flat plate at ecah end. They are decorated with two pairs of transverse groovs on each plate. There is also a central groove down the length of the bow. The flat panel at the top of the foot is decorated with another pair of transverse grooves. The half round panel in the middle of the foot has a wide groove across the middle, and a pair of transverse grooves on each thicker part. The terminal of the foot is a flat plate that flares slightly and has a slight thickening at the end. On the reverse of the headplate is a single lug for the pin which is missing. The catchplate behind the upper part of the foot is damaged. The brooch has a dark brown and green patina and is in good condition.

SWYOR-CFABD2: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman plate brooch, a conical umbonate type dating from the 2nd or early 3rd century. The brooch is circular with a conical centre. The centre is decorated with eight radial triangular cells filled alternately with red and blue enamel. There is a groove round the base of the cone, and then a flat rim. protruding from the edge of this are eight (one is missing) lobes, probably originally circular, but none survive complete. There each have a ring and dot motif, but are not enamelled. The reverse of the brooch is hollow. Part of the catchplate survives and there is a double lug for the pin, with part of the pin and the axis bar surviving. The metal has a grey green patina. The brooch is similar to number 1063 on page 350 of Hattatt's Visual Catalogue, but the edge lobes are all the same size and there are fewer cells for the enamel.

KENT-E226D3: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch. This is a dolphin brooch, from 1st century AD. It has small pinted wings, which are broken. The bow has a triangular cross section, and tapers to a point. There is no pin, catchplate or spring. The brooch is very worn and slightly corroded. 22.31mm L x 17.53mm W x 3.71mm T 3.4g

KENT-E27D35: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Early medieval equal armed brooch. It is a small rectangular section of the bow, which has linear decoration, both horizontal and verticle. It has a flat rectangular cross-section, and slightly curves. 500 - 600 AD. 28.76mm L x 11.25mm W x 2.02mm T 3.2g

LEIC-E40945: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch fragment, 16mm long, 19mm wide, 10mm thick and weighs 3.14g. The brooch is fragmentary and worn. It consists of the upper part of the bow and part of the open wings with a loop in the centre to hold the spring.

LEIC-E4B625: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy disc brooch fragment, 22mm long, 17mm wide, 4mm thick and weighing 1.58grams. The brooch is in poor condition with none of its original circular edge surviving. Its surface has a central circular hole which would have held a centre piece. This is surrounded by a thick raised circular band with traces of tinning. There are traces of another tinned band which would have formed the outer edge. The brooch has two semi-circular lugs for housing the pin, but this and the catchplate are not present.

HAMP-E57836: BROOCH
A fragment from a cast copper-alloy Roman 1st-century bow brooch consisting of the leg with the catch-plate on the lower surface. The leg is T-shaped in profile due to a central longitudinal ridge which is decorated along its length by finely incised transverse lines. The sub-triangular catch-plate survives well, its web extending for 18.1mm. The angled side which would have retained the pin measures 12.85mm. There is a small internal moulding parallel to the side that would have helped hold the pin a place. The fragment has a variable mid/dark-green colour with some more active corrosion and patches of off-white corrosion product.

SOM-F4F383: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy equal-ended plate brooch. The arched rectangular central plate is set between two moulded terminals which cover the pin attachment. Each terminal has a short, flat, neck then a thickened D-sectioned collar and rounded knop at the end. On the back of one terminal are the corroded remains of two D shaped lugs with piercings to hold the (missing) hinged pin; the other terminal has the remains of a small catchplate. The front of the central plate is decorated with symetrical moulded and stamped decoration, now mostly obscured by corrosion. Starting at one end there is a raised transverse line, a recessed panel then a second raised line beyond which is a raised bar with indented triangles or transverse lines in a row across it. These raised bars flank the central raised panel which has a double row of five stamped triangles. The length of the brooch is 42.1 mm, the width is 15.6 mm, thickness from centre is 3.2mm, thickness at end is 7.1mm and the weight is 8.82g. Although nothing of the original filling survives, according to Bailey and Butcher (2004: 46) it is possible that the narrow cells on the bars contained niello in contrast to those in the centre which may have contained enamel. They suggest this is an early form of plate brooch, in use in the later first century (ibid:171), no.357 in their catalogue (ibid:127) is very similar.

BERK-F5CDE6: BROOCH
A Copper alloy Cast Roman Brooch, Colchester type C mid-1st century AD

DUR-F5E981: BROOCH
Copper alloy fragment of a Roman bow brooch, late 1st- 2nd century in date. It is only the head which remains and it has been damaged. It could once have been a trumpet, or maybe a headstud brooch but it is difficult to define clearly. The axis bar remains, held in an integrally cast loop at the back of the head. The part of the brooch which remains is widest at the top of the head and narrows towards where it would have led into the bow. There is the remains of a lozenge shaped hollow with a smaller central raised lozenge, this could have been enamelled and so would indicate the brooch was a heastud variant, without a real headstud.

DUR-F7E453: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy dragonesque brooch dating to c.75-200 AD. It is mostly complete with just the pin and one nose missing. A curvilinear egg-waisted plate with a pelta-derived appendage at each end, these are the heads. It would have been symmetrical when complete. The central section is split in half long ways, with four panels on each side, the two end ones being pointed as the body narrows. These panels were filled with enamel in a chequerboard pattern, alternating in red and (possibly) yellow. Most of the yellow has gone whilst most of the red remains. Each end of the brooch has a head with a large central circular eye with a red enamel border. The nose then curves back towards the head, ending in a bulbous point with a circle of red enamel. The back of the head extends up away from the eye with grooved lines representing ears.

SUR-F82625: BROOCH
A fragment of a Roman bow brooch, probably of Colchester two-piece type. The fragment comprises most of the lower part and includes the catchplate which has two apertures. There are grooves running down the remaining part of the spine as well as the remains of notched decoration along the sdies of the bow.

SWYOR-F9ECE2: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Early Medieval Anglo-Saxon annular brooch dating to the 7th century AD. The frame is oval in cross-section and decorated with areas of transverse grooves on the front of the frame. There is a long stretch of about 18 groove with the constriction for the pin in the centre of them. A matching long stretch is on the opposite side of the frame, with a short area of just three grooves at the other two cardinal points. The pin is intact; it is oval in section and hooked round the frame. Compare LIN-935CE8.

SWYOR-FA08B1: BROOCH
Part of a copper-alloy annular, narrow-banded brooch dating from the Early Medieval period. It is circular in shape and flat rectangular in cross-section. A small area is narrowed where the pin would have been attached. This is flanked by incised grooves; four on one side, arranged in two groups of two, and three individual grooves on the other side. At the other surviving cardinal point are two further individual transverse grooves. There are also transverse scratches or file marks on the reverse. The brooch has a dark green patina. For reference see West's corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material from Suffolk p 227, figure 109.11. Similar brooches discussed in Walton Rogers 2007 are suggested to date from the early to mid 6th century (p. 116-117). Compare also SWYOR-C92118.

SWYOR-FA44C0: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Roman brooch; a dolphin type dating from 43 - 65 AD. The spring, pin and foot of the brooch are missing. The humped bow is D shaped in section and tapers towards the foot. It has a raised ridge along the centre and similar ridges on each side. The wings are tubular and have similar raised ridges at each end. The front of the brooch has a shiny grey patina suggesting that the brooch had a white metal coating. The breaks are patinated. The design is similar to but smaller than number 889 on page 299 of Hattatt's Visual catalogue.

SWYOR-FA6CB4: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Roman brooch; a Langton Down type dating from 25 - 60 AD. The bow is fluted and the wings are tubular. Most of the spring survives, but the pin is missing. There are traces of the catchplate.. The brooch has a bright green patina. Compare number 39 on page 306 of Hattatt's Visual catalogue.

SWYOR-FAA944: BROOCH
A copper-alloy Roman brooch; an Umbonate type dating from 100 - 250 AD. Only the domed centre part of the brooch survives, and none of the edge. It is decorated with a central circular cell surrounded by a ring of 14 small triangular cells, with an outer ring of fourteen large triangular cells. There is enamel surviving, but it has decayed and the original colours are not discernable. The metal has a light green patina. Compare number 128 on page 350 of hattatt's Visual catalogue.

A Colchester two-piece brooch with cylindrical wings with semi-cylindrical lines on the side of the bar. Most of the catchplate has eroded away and the spring is absent. The bow is tapering and slightly eroded at the end, and shows knurling in the central ridge. Hull type 92-93 Reference: Bayles, J. and Buchler, S. (2004) 'Roman brooches in Britain' Newcastle: Society of antiquaries. (p.155-157).

Headstud type brooch with a decorated stud near the top of an arched bow. The crossbar is short with two vertical lines on each side. The foot is large and knobbed. There is a cast head loop at the top. The decoration on the shaft comprises of seven rectangular indents; each are filled with alternating red and blue enamel. Red enamel also fills the headstud. The spring is missing, and the catchplate is eroded at the ends. Hull type - T148-149. Reference: Bayles, J. and Buchler, S. (2004) 'Roman brooches in Britain' Newcastle: Society of antiquaries. (p. 164-165).

NCL-2160E5: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy annular brooch from the early Medieval period. The brooch is very small and is complete with the pin. There is no decoration, but the frame tapers from the outer edge to the inner edge, such that in section it is drop-shaped. The metal is a light brown colour with small intermittent patches of discolouration. A parallel can be found in Egan, G., Philpott, A. and Griffiths, D. (2007) Meols: The Archaeology of the North Wirral Coast, Oxford, 141, no. 1679.

NCL-219A45: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy bow brooch of the Roman period. The brooch is Hod Hill type a). The top of the bow is gently arched and has two protruding triangular sections. The section on the left is damaged and part of it is missing. There is another triangular section beneath the top of the bow and then the rest is missing. The decoration is heavily corroded, but follows the shape of the brooch. The metal is dark brown with intermittent patches on orange and green. The object is heavily corroded and missing the foot, catchplate and the pin. A parallel can be found in Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. (2004) Roman Brooches in Britain, London: SANT: pg. 70ff.

NCL-22C1F1: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy brooch of late Iron Age date. This brooch type is classified by Hattatt as a 'Glastonbury' type (1987, p. 18-19).The brooch is T-shaped with a coiled head and a perforated catchplate. The metal is dark brown in colour with intermittent patches of light brown. The brooch is incomplete as it is missing the pin.

NCL-23E575: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy brooch of the Roman period. The brooch is a 'Colchester one piece' type that date from AD 30 to AD 70. Both the pin and the catchplate are missing. The arched part of the bow has three cells across its breadth each containing traces of green/blue enamel. The metal is a mottled dark green. Parallels can be found in Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. (2004) Roman Brooches in Britain, London: SANT: pg. 60ff.

A copper-alloy Colchester one-piece brooch of late Iron Age to early Roman date. The brooch is damaged, misshapen and missing its pin and much of its catchplate. It has an attachment lug at the top of the head that would have secured the sprung pin in place. This is formed from an integral strip of metal folded back onto the top of the bow. This has now come lose. Only one coil of the sprung pin survives. The brooch measures 49.83 mm long, 18.33 mm wide at the wings and weighs 8.0 grams. It has a green patina with brown patches in places. Colchester one-piece brooches were common in Britain during the middle years of the first century AD.

SUSS-62F374: BROOCH
A fragment of a 1st century copper alloy Roman brooch of the Langton Down type. Only a small part of the reeded bow and spring cover remain. The bow is parallel-sided and has three flutes running down its length. This type of brooch dates from the second to third quarters of the 1st century AD.

WMID-713608: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Trumpet Headed bow brooch of Roman date, dating from the late first to second century AD. The brooch is in fairly poor condition, missing its head loop, pin and catchplate and suffering from corrosion. Ferrous corrosion from the spring and pin has given most of the brooch an iron appearance, though it is certainly copper-alloy. The bow is decorated with moulded lateral ribs which do not extend to the reverse of the bow, which is flat. The brooch lacks the intricate decorative moulded associated with some Trumpet brooches. The pin mechanism is sprung, with an axis bar around which the spring is coiled, although most of this is missing and what remains is corroded. The head of the brooch is decorated with a central moulded rib which runs down towards the central moulding on the bow. Either side of this rib symmetrical sub-triangular mouldings create a lozenge shape when viewed together. The foot of the brooch terminates in a collared knop. The brooch measures 47.17 mm long, 11.6 mm wide (at the head), 6.98 mm thick (at the thickest part of the bow) and weighs 10.9 grams. It has a corroded ferrous orange appearance with patches of green copper-alloy showing through.

WMID-715CE3: BROOCH
A fine example of a copper-alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 4.l. pg. 75, Plate 48, dating from the late first to second century AD. The brooch is almost complete, just missing its pin. The pin mechanism is sprung and the spring consists of ten coils. The spring is held in place by an axis bar which rests between two pierced moulded plates at the end of each wing. In addition, there is a moulded forward projecting lug at the top of the head which helps secure the spring. The wings are semi-cylindrical in shape to hold the spring. Above the wings, on each side of the head of the brooch, there are moulded crescent shaped decorative plates, a characteristic feature of Polden Hill type brooches. Further decorative moulding runs down the bow of the brooch, where there is a finely moulded central rib which flares towards the top of the bow and turns back at the sides, terminating in a moulded flourish. The catchplate is sub-triangular and complete. The foot of the brooch terminates in a moulded circular collared knop. The brooch measures 46.1 mm long, 18.37 mm wide (at the wings), 6.1 mm thick (at the top of the bow) and weighs 11.4 grams. It has a dark grey to brown patina and traces of tinning are evident.

NCL-73FF31: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman brooch dating to the Flavian period AD 69-96. It is a T-shaped, 'Colchester derivative' type. The head, bow, foot and catchplate are all present but the pin is missing. The wings of the brooch are cylindrical and there is a depression where the missing pin was attached. The bow tapers to a narrow point and is slightly curved at the catchplate. two narrow raised lines run down the spine of the bow. The catchplate is fairly long and there is a small knob attached to the end.

This is a head of a cast copper-alloy Roman brooch dating to the Flavian period 69-96 AD. It is a T-shaped 'Colchester derivative' type. The bow, foot and pin are missing. The wings of the bow are cylindrical and there is a rectangular gap where the pin would have protruded. One of the wings is damaged, allowing us to see the axial rod within. The head of the bow begins to taper into the bow. A parallel can be seen in Bayley and Butcher (2004, p.188) Number 127 T121B.

NCL-741FE1: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Roman brooch dating to the Flavian period AD 69-96. It is a T-shaped, 'Colchester derivative' type. The bow and part of the head is present but the catchplate and pin are missing. The wings of the brooch are damaged with only parts of one wing present. The bow is curved and tapers to a sharp point at the foot.

NCL-7513C3: BROOCH
A fragment of a Roman cast copper alloy bow brooch, probably a Colchester one piece type (AD 30-70). The fragment is made up of the foot of the brooch, which also includes the catchplate. The catchplate is subtriangular in plan. An incised pattern of small rectangles runs down the spine of the fragment.

A cast copper alloy fragment of a Roman dolphin brooch of the lower bow and catchplate only. It is oval in section at the break. Possibly circa AD 50-150.

Roman copper alloy brooch fragment of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type). It consisting of part of the bow and head of a Polden Hill brooch of the 1st century. The object is in poor condition, with corrosion obscuring the original surface. It is 20mm long, 9mm wide, 8mm thick and weighs 2.59g.

LON-78FA22: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy fragment of a Colchester derivative brooch (AD43-80). The fragment comprises the lower part of the bow and the catch-plate. The bow has a triangular cross-section with a central ridge extending up the bow; either side of the ridge the surfaces are in-curving. There is no foot-knob. The catch-plate is triangular in plan with openwork decoration comprising a small circular perforation and a curving triangular perforation. The upper part of the bow, spring and pin are all missing. The copper alloy has a dark green patina. Dimensions: length: 21.12mm; width: 4.76mm; thickness: 9.67mm; weight: 1.72g.

BERK-79AED0: BROOCH
A copper alloy trumpet brooch head and upper bow. A circular head, semicircular log and half a spring. Decoration-two twists and a half chord extant to one side. Central rosette on bow flanked by pairs of ridges. Red/brown metal with green corrosion. 1st - 2nd Century AD.

WMID-875240: BROOCH
A copper-alloy annular brooch or buckle of medieval date. Egan (1991, 57) regards circular frames without a constriction for a pin as buckles rather than brooches. This example does not have a constriction as such, but does have an area of the frame that is slightly angular and which lacks the incised linear decoration which runs around most of the frame, although there are two other similar gaps in the decoration. The object is recorded here as a brooch, though the distinction between annular buckles and brooch frames is not always clear. It measures 24.83 mm in diameter, 2.01 mm thick and weighs 2.4 grams. Its copper-alloy pin, formed from a piece of folded metal, is still attached and moves freely on the brooch. Incised linear decoration is visible on the front but absent on the reverse. File marks are evident, particularly on the reverse. It has a dark grey patina, whilst the pin is a dark green. The brooch probably dates from the 12th to 14th centuries.

WAW-8B38C6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Colchester derivative (Dolphin) style brooch of Roman date (43 - 65 AD) Approximately 25% of the brooch is present, consisting of the head and bow. The wings, spring, foot, pin and catch plate are missing, presumably lost in antiquity. In plan, the brooch is sub-rectangular, and D-shaped in cross section, with a comma shaped profile. The bow head is hump-like, and angular (comma shaped) in profile, with the remains of cylindral wings projecting from either side at the top. The bow appears plain. The back of the brooch is plain and undecorated. The brooch measures 18.69mm length, is 11.01mm wide and 12.75mm thick. It weighs 3.9 grams. The brooch is a mid greenish colour with an even but slightly abraded patina. The patina is broken in a few places, and there are signs of active copper corrosion (bright green flecks) in a couple of places. The brooch has suffered abrasion, with a loss of the original surface in several places. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches (p 299, fig 158, #359). Reference: Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

BERK-8D99F4: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch, possibly a Langton Down varient, dating to the first century AD. The brooch is incomplete with only the upper part of the bow, wings and the spring surviving. The spring appears fully encased.

BERK-8DE831: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch, no other details available.

BERK-8E3BA3: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch, no other details available.

BERK-8EEAB2: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment of a Roman brooch, spring loop and crest of bow with a semi-enclosed spring bar. Only the upper bow area survives. Possibly 1st-2nd Century AD

BERK-8F07C5: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment of catchplate and part of bow of a dolphin type Roman brooch, probably 1st - 2nd century AD

WAW-8F24A2: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy artefact, probably of Roman dating (1 to 410 AD). The artefact is sub square in section and hour glass (two triangles joined at the apex) shaped in section. It consists of a biconical shape above a cone shape. Both of these have had the sides facetted to make it appear squarer. Breaks are present both top and bottom, indicating that this was originally part of a larger object. It measures 12.92mm in length, 9.54mm wide and 8.85mm thick. It weighs 3.9 grams. It is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. The patina has been abraded in a couple of areas, to leave areas of a lighter green colour, but there are no signs of active copper corrosion present. There are several possibilities for identifications. The two most probable are either a top or side knop of an early form Crossbow brooch, roughly dated to c.280 to 330 AD (Hattatt, 2000, pp368, #500) or possibly part of the head of a Roman pin ('bead, reel and spool' type (Crummy Type 2, 1983, pp28)), dated to late 3rd to 4th Centuries AD. It has been suggested that it is part of an Iron Age knobbed Terret. However the majority of Iron Age knobbed Terrets are smooth on the inside, which this object is not. Another possibility is that it is part of an Iron Age knobbed bracelet, but again these are smooth on the internal surface. Reference: Crummy, N. (1983) Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester 1971-9. Colchester, Colchester Archaeological Trust. Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxford, Oxbow Books.

WAW-A719A3: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy trumpet brooch. The head has no wings and in plan is a horizontal oval; it is decorated with a moulded design which consists of a central rib and a sub-trefoiled emblem with a central pellet. The upper edge has a trace of a decorated integral perforated headloop. On the reverse of the bow head there is a single vertical sub-oval integral lug with an incomplete central perforation. The axis bar, spring, chord and pin are all missing. In profile the brooch is an inverted 'L' shape which has three moulded horizontal ribs of varying thickness and width as decoration at the top of the vertical portion of the bow. Below this decoration the bow tapers slightly and is sub-triangular in section. Both faces of this bow is decorated with a zig-zag design. The bow terminates with a horizontal rib and then a large bulbous knop/foot. The reverse of the lower portion of the bow has an incomplete solid catchplate. The brooch has a well developed matte dark green coloured patina. It weighs 15.5g, and measures 16.57mm wide and 52.08mm long. The brooch is a Trumpet-headed type. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164). Worrell (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter) narrows down the date to 75 to 175 AD. A very similar brooch is illustrated in Hattat (Hattat, R. 1987 Brooches of Antiquity Oxbow) No. 949. Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. (ibid) also illustrates a similar brooch, T157C. Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. (ibid) further class trumpet brooches into four groups, A,B, C and D. The recorded brooch appears to fall into Group D, which is decorated and is more of a craftmans piece rather than mass manufactured type. The distribution of this group of trumpet brooches is Wales and the West Midlands.

WAW-A72204: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch. The wings are semi-cylindrical but are incomplete and abraded with the suggestion of perforated wing caps at each terminal. The copper alloy axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated. The bowhead is an angular hump in profile and is semi-circular in section. The bow head is undecorated The bow tapers to a blunt broken point, therefore only a fragment of the bow remains. The surface of the brooch is heavily abraded. It measures 15.47mm long, 15.74mm wide across the wings and weighs 3.3g. The brooch is probably a Polden Hill type, which dates to c. 75 to 175 AD (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter). Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

WAW-A85AC6: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy possible brooch. The brooch is circular in plan with a integral rectangular protrusion coming off one edge. This protrusion has a broken terminal, but the break is not recent. The edges of the artefact are abraded with some patches of corrosion. The upper surface is decorated with a design within a high-relief beaded border. The exterior edge beyond the beaded border is undecorated. The decoration centres around a central pellet which is within an annulet. This annulet is further decorated with small oblique notches. Around the central pellet the field is filled with six male faces with lentoid eyes, long wavy hear composed of pellets and an arc of pellets representing a mouth. The designs appear to be slightly interlocking forming an almost geometric pattern. See the Notes for commentary on the design. The reverse is undecorated and flat. The surface has patches of corrosion, otherwise the majority of the object has a well developed dark brown/green coloured patina. It measures 55.65mm long, 48.55mm wide, 4.05mm thick and weigh 47.6g. The artefact dates to the Early Medieval period late 9th to mid to late 10th centuries (Kershaw, J. 2009 'Culture and Gender in the Danelaw: Scandinavian and Anglo-Scandinavian Brooches' Viking and Medieval Scandinavia Volume 5 p. 295-325), and this example illustrates the Terslev style (Kershaw pers comm). This style of brooch is usually distributed through Suffolk, Norfolk and Lincolnshire (Kershaw ibid; 311), so it is unusual to have an example so far west. The identification as a brooch is not certain, it may equally be a type of pendant which was used as a dress accessory.

WILT-687E3A: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Iron Age La Tene III type brooch dating to AD 20-100. The brooch is bent and damaged, the pin and catchplate are missing. The brooch measures 43.5mm in length, 7.2mm maximum width (across the wings), 0.55mm minimum width (foot) and weighs 1.75 grams. The bow is long and slender (3.73mm wide) and narrows to a point. At the top of the brooch, the bow narrows to create a wire which is wound only twice round the top and then starts to extend down the back of the brooch to form the pin but is broken. Cf Hattatt (1989) A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches p290 no 736.

LIN-68DF3C: BROOCH
A Roman copper-alloy hinged dolphin brooch. The wings are cylindrical in section and decorated at both ends with a single perimeter groove. The pin is missing. The bow is comma-shaped in profile and D-shaped in section. The top of the bow is decorated on either side with a curved moulding. A rib runs down the centre. The foot is missing.

SWYOR-0A89D3: BROOCH
A cast, copper alloy Roman brooch of the bow and fantail type, dating from 43-100AD. The centre of the bow is a roundel with a small, sub-rectangular knop at each side. This roundel is decorated with a raised, central dot surrounded by two deep circular grooves which probably held enamel. The fan-shaped tail, which is separated from the roundel by a narrow, raised collar, is incised with a triangle which closely follows the edge, creating a narrow, raised rim. Within this triangle are two raised lozenges, the upper smaller than the lower; both carrying traces of blue enamel. There are small traces of orange enamel in two of the spaces between the lozenges. There is a narrow collar separating the roundel from the shoulder and wings of the brooch. Each of the short wings, one of which has broken away and is missing, has two short, transverse grooves, as does the chain loop, part of which is missing.Part of a copper alloy pin bar in the wings and the catch plate remain, but the pin is missing. The brooch is 47.8mm long, 15.2mm wide and 7.6mm thick. It weighs 11.24gm. Reference: Hattatt, Visual Catalogue, figure 174, number 74.

WAW-113B71: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy probable Trumpet brooch. Only a portion of the bow remains, this has broken terminals but these breaks are probably quite recent. The bow is curved in profile and atthe apex there is a simplistic acanthus formed by three horizontal ridges, the centre being the most prominent. The bow is semi-circular in section. The surface of the brooch has a well developed light grey/green patina. It measures 16.47mm long and 6.11mm wide across the acanthus. It weighs 1.4g and is in fair condition. The brooch is a Trumpet type. Trumpet brooches date to 75 to 175 AD (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter). These types of brooch are thought to originate in the Midlands.

WAW-1156B6: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy disc brooch. In plan the brooch is a sub oval, but all the edges are broken therefore it does not represent the original shape. The brooch has a conical shaped profile with the apex being a flattened platform which has a high-relief border, within which there is a central circular indentation. The sides of the conical are decorateded with a slight ridge and then continues to a second ridge. The reverse of the brooch is hollow. The surface of the brooch has a shiny light green/grey patina. The brooch measures 17.03mm long, is 11.73mm wide and 5.61mm deep. It weighs 2.2g. These type of brooches date to the Roman period, 2nd century. Hattatt illustrates a similar brooch in (1987) Brooches of Antiquity, No. 1071.

WAW-A45597: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch, a Colchester derivative which is probably a T-shaped type. The brooch is incomplete. The wings are cylindircal, but are incomplete at the terminals and across the cylindier. Through the break of the cylinder the spring is visible, with seven coils. The pin is missing and is visible through a central slot in the wings. The bow head is slightly off-set and is initally quite broad before quickly tapering to form the bow. The bow is very slender in depth and has a elogated pointed oval cross section. The bow is incomplete and the break is not recent. There is no decoration on the bow. The surface of the brooch is abraded and and only has traces of a dark green patina. It measures 23.15mm long, 19.55mm wide and it weighs 4.9g. T-shaped brooches do tend to be highly decorated with cells and enamel, some are less decorated, for example No. 392 (Hattat, R 1985 Iron Age and Roman Brooches Oxbow) and Nos. 916 and 906 (Hattat, R. 1987 Brooches of Antiquity Oxbow). T-shape brooches appear to be manufactured in the West Country (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 159) and are found in contexts date to c. 55 to 90 AD (idid: 159).

SUSS-B41FE2: BROOCH
A 1st century copper alloy catchplate from a brooch, possibly late Iron Age or more probably from an early Roman bow brooch. The catchplate is sub-triangular and has an openwork form with five evenly spaced oval perforations. The straight edge is folded upwards in a "U" shape towards the remnant of the slender bow in order to secure the end of the pin. The catchplate has an even green patina.

WAW-CAEEE7: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy headstud brooch. The wings are tubular with a central vertical slot allowing the hinged pin to move. The terminals of the wings have a central perforation which supports the copper alloy axis bar within the wings. The wings are decorated on the outer face with three vertical ridges. The pin is a hinged type and only a fragment remains. Integral to the upper edge of the wings is an circular annular loop which is broken at the upper apex. The bow head is sub-square in section and protrudes fro mthe central of the wings, it curves downwards to form the bow. At the apex of the curver there is a circular platform with a high-relief '+' as decoration. The bow tapers and is decorated with a central column of high-relief lozenges and either side is a low-relief field which may be filled with enamel, this is not certain but is common on headstud brooches. The low-relief field forms a rectangular panel on the bow. The bow foot has moulded decoration consisting of three horizontal ribs with a sub-conical foot. On the reverse of the bow there is a complete, solid catchplate. The brooch has a well developed shiny mid grey/green patina. It measures 45.22mm long, 15.43mm wide across the axis bar and weighs 10.3g. In her "Roman Brooch Timeline" (2007), Worrell dates headstud brooches to AD75-AD200. Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 165) comments that the headstud brooches with an integral upper loop and hinged pin are found throughout Britain and being manufactured in a number of workshops.

LEIC-E2D996: BROOCH
Catchplate from a Roman copper alloy brooch, possibly an Aucissa brooch. The upper surface of the bow is flat with a design of longitudinal lines, and the bow terminates in a small subspherical knob. The object is 30mm long, 5mm wide, 7mm thick, and weighs 1.2g.

LEIC-E2FF06: BROOCH
Front part (bow and arms) of a Roman Colchester-derivative or Dolphin brooch. The dorsal surface of the bow has a longitudinal ridge terminating in a hook at the anterior end. The lateral faces of the bow are decorated with curved, beaded lines. Each arm is decorated with three raised, beaded ridges. The object is 20mm long, 30mm wide, 9mm thick, an weighs 5.9g.

LEIC-E31DC1: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, possibly a Colchester derivative or dolphin brooch. The object is 32mm long, 25mm wide, 10mm thick and weighs 6.0g.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch, head plate & part of bow remaining, with corroded remains of iron pin behind head. The object is 34mm long, 25mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 6.7g.

LEIC-E3CDD4: BROOCH
Bow and arms from a Roman brooch, possibly a hinged dolphin type. The object is 26mm long, 21mm wide, 11mm thick and weighs 6.6g.

Part of head and coil from a small Roman brooch. The object is 12mm long, 11mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 1.9g.

IOW-0B04E6: BROOCH
An incomplete and misshapen Medieval cast copper-alloy annular brooch (c. 1200-c.1400). The frame is convex at the front and flat at the rear. A small portion of the bar, in the form of a constriction for a pin, is oval in cross-section. At the front, decoration is a continuous groove forming a zigzag pattern. Both faces have a patchy mid to dark green patina. The pin is missing and the breaks are old and abraded. 40.1 x 41.2 x 2.7mm. Weight: 10.24g. The frame has a width of 7.0mm.

WAW-37BC08: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands). The wings are semi-cylindrical but are incomplete and abraded. It is not certain whether they had wing caps or not. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated. The bowhead is hump-like in profile and is semi-circular in section. The bow head and bow are undecorated, but on the outer surface of one wing there is a fragment of iron adhered to it. The bow head is hump-like in profile and decorated with two parallel vertical grooves. The central ridge between the grooves is decorated with fine notches. The bow tapers slightly to a blunt point which is a broken terminal below the probable mid point. This break is not recent. The decoration of the bow head continues down the bow until the approxmiate mid point which the surface of the bow is slightly off-set with a triangular point. The bow is semi-circular in section. Only a fragment of the catchplate remains before it is broken. The surface of the brooch is has an incomplete well developed shiny blue/green patina. It measures 30.29mm long, 18.63mm wide across the wings and weighs 4.9g. The brooch is probably a Polden Hill type (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

DENO-0B511C: BROOCH
A fragment of a Roman copper alloy Aesica hinged brooch dating to the first century AD. Most of the bow, the foot and the catchplate are missing. Within the semi-cylindrical wings is an iron axis bar which has corroded through on the right hand side, and in the centre is an open slot where the now missing pin would have been attached. The curved bow flares outwards towards the missing foot, with a prominent ridge in the centre between two incised lines. Overall the brooch is 15.67mm long, 27.21mm wide and 5.79mm thick. It weighs 4.51g.

A probable fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman Colchester Two-Piece brooch. A fragment of the of the bow remains which is oval in section and tapers in width and depth to a blunt terminal. The upper terminal is a broken edge, but the break is not recent. On the reverse of the bow, and integral to it is a fragment of the catchplate. The surface of the bow is abraded, but the catchplate has a dark brown/green coloured patina. The brooch measures 20.43mm long and 3.72mm wide across the bow and weighs 1.2g. The brooch is a Colchester Two-Piece brooch. The type is uncertain, but probably dates to the mid first to second centuries.

Iron Age (4th to 3rd century BC) cast copper alloy la Tene I brooch. The bow is an elongated oval decorated with two narrow incised lines running parallel to the outer edges. Part of one coil from the spring survives. The foot and catchplate partially survive, with the base of the foot curving forward towards the base of the bow. It is 42.37mm long, 9.50mm wide, 1.71mm thick at the bow, is 8.59mm deep and weighs 2.80 grams.

PUBLIC-928E34: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy Trumpet brooch of Roman date, c. AD 75 - 175. The loop, pin, lower bow foot and catchplate are missing. The head of the brooch is semi-circular in shape, with a concave reverse which retains two tubular lugs. An axis bar remains fitted through the lugs, with the remains of the pin fitted around the axis bar in the space between the two lugs, and a fixture potentially a loop has broken off. The head of the bow is divided and framed vertically with a bifurcated raised rib. The two panels are decorated with a raised semi scroll design. The bow extends from the head to a decorated acanthus button with three horizontal ribs, there is a break at the bottom rib where the catchplate would have been. In between of which are a further two horizontal ribs. Weight: 5.39 Length: 31.0mm Width: 15.3mm Thickness including spring: 13.5mm

SUR-5DDA27: BROOCH
An incomplete, cast miniature(?) object, imitating a bow brooch, probably a Colchester derivative. The head of the brooch comprises two hemispherical section wings and incomplete lug intended to hold the axial rod. There is no spring or pin. The bow of the brooch is triangular in section and is characterised by central, longitudinal rib running its length. It tapers to a point, mid-bow, where it is broken. No catch-plate remains. This is the largest of the miniature brooches in the assemblage and it is possible that it originally functioned as a brooch. However, it is very similar in style to the other miniature objects and has therefore been grouped with them. Late first or early second century AD.

SUR-5DE3F3: BROOCH
A cast, miniature brooch, imitating a bow brooch, probably a Colchester derivative. Very little of the head of the brooch remains; however, the wings appear to be hemispherical in section. A small central expansion on the reverse of the head may be the remains of an overhead hook or axial lug. There is no spring or pin. The bow is humped, D-shaped in section and tapers to a point. There is no catchplate. None of the original surface remains on the bow. It is unlikely that this brooch was intended as functional piece. Late first or early second century AD.

SUR-5DEEB7: BROOCH
An incomplete, cast miniature object, imitating a bow brooch, possibly a Colchester derivative type. The head of the brooch is corroded but comprises two hemispherical section wings and a fragmentary central lug for securing the axial rod. The lug appears to be pierced, although wear and corrosion products make this impossible to ascertain with any certainty. There is no spring or pin. The bow of the brooch is decorated with two marginal, longitudinal grooves. It is D-shaped in section and tapers to a point, mid-bow where it is broken. There is no evidence of a catch-plate. It is unlikely that this brooch was intended as functional piece. Late first or early second century AD.

SUR-97F0C5: BROOCH
The lower part of a possible Colchester brooch with a solid catchplate. The lower part of the bow has a prominent spine.

DUR-ADB830: BROOCH
Copper alloy disc brooch, umbonate type, 2nd-3rd century in date. It is circular in plan with a central raised conical section which is solid. Around this is a circle of raised dots, surrounded with a raised border, which has a channel around the edge infilled with blue enamel. Not all of the blue enamel remains, it is likely other sections would also have been enamelled but this is now missing. The edge of the brooch has a border of raised sub-triangles, with the points facing inwards. The reverse is flat. The pin and its mechanism are missing but the lugs to hold the mechanism and a small stub of the catchplate remain.

DUR-ADD0F0: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch, c. 75-175 AD. Complete except for the headloop and a small part of the catchplate.The head has a grooved line around the edge as decoration. Its width is 14.77mm. This is a spring mechanism, with 6 coils, still present, the pin appears complete and narrows to a point. The wire loops under the coils and also acts as the axis bar around which the coils are wrapped. The wire is broken at the top where it would have formed the headloop. There is also a cast strip coming from the base to hold the spring in place. The head narrows to the bow, which has the acanthus moulding at the waist, which is only on the front, the back of the bow is flat. Below this are two horizontal raised lines. The bow then has a triangular cross section with the point at the front. The catchplate starts just below the waist. The foot consists of three moulded discs. The catchplate is mostly complete, missing just the turn over. Bow depth- 21.35mm.

DUR-B06BD4: BROOCH
Copper alloy and enamel Roman trumpet brooch dating to c.75-175 AD. The base of the bow is missing (along the with catchplate and foot) but other than that it is complete. It is a hinged example, the pin is still intact but it is bent. The headloop is formed by wire, which comes from the axis bar up over the head and is held in place by a plain strip of copper alloy wrapped around the base. The head is 15.88mm wide, the usual trumpet shape and is decorated with panels inlaid with red and blue enamel. In the centre is a raised strip running down the bow to the waist. On either side of this is a pelta shape, at the edge of the head are triangles.. These enamelled triangles continue down the bow where there is an acanthus moulding. Below this the bow is again divided in two and each side has tow rowns of triangles, enamelled in red and blue. The bow is broken before the foot but the bow has begun to narrow. The catchplate starts just below the acanthus moulding.

DUR-B076E7: BROOCH
Copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch dating to c.75-175 AD. It is bent almost in half, the headloop, catchplate and pin are missing. It is corroded and worn. Width of head 12.20mm

DUR-B0C550: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman headstud brooch dating to c. 75- 200 AD. It is almost complete with just a small part of the catchplate missing. The headloop is cast integrally to the brooch, the wings are square ended and have vertical grooves as decoration, either side of the head. The headstud is cast integrally to the bow, it is a raised circle with a small central raised dot. The bow is sub-recatngular in cross section with rounded edges. All the way down the bow are lozenge shapes which would have been inlaid with enamel. On each side of these the triangles would also have been inlaid, all of the enamel is now missing. The bow narrows slightly towards the foot. The foot consists of a moulded semi-circle, with a double collar above. The catchplate is sub-triangular and starts around half-way down the bow. It is broken where it would have been turned over. It is a hinged example and the pin is complete narrowing to a point. The axis bar is enclosed in the wings. Interestingly the headloop is worn at the top which would suggest the brooch had been worn in a pair with a chain to connect the two brooches. Width of bow is 7.25mm. Diameter of headstud- 10.45mm

WMID-B25784: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group), Mackreth 2011, 5.a4. Plate 50, no. 1585, Lower Severn Valley. The brooch is incomplete, missing the lower part of its bow, tips of the wings and pin mechanism. The wings are semi-cylindrical and open. The pin mechanism was probably hinged but is entirely missing. There are moulded plates on the head above the wings, suggesting that it is a Polden Hill brooch. The wings are also decorated with fine lines. The brooch is very worn and suffers from corrosion, but the remains of what is probably a decorative rib is visible at the top of the head. Where the original surface metal of the brooch survives it has a dark green to grey patina, though where it is corroded the patina is a paler green. The brooch fragment measures 21.69 mm long, 22.36 mm wide at the wings, 9.32 mm thick at the head and weighs 4.9 grams.

NMS-B277A0: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy Middle to Late Saxon disc brooch of dating to the period c.AD 800 - 1000. The edge of the disc is heavily abraded. An old break has removed approximately 10% of the total along the upper edge. The front exhibits a zoomorphic motif consisting of a quadruped advancing left, its head turned back over its shoulder and a tail that curves upwards, terminating at an old break. Each foot divides into three or four claw-like projections. A series of triangular projections run from the top of the head, down the back of the neck to the front feet, possibly indicating pointed ears and a mane. The head, shoulder and hindquarters each exhibit a ring-and-dot motif. The edge of the plate exhibits an irregularly notched relief border. On the reverse are two stubs, the remains of the pierced pin lug. On the opposite edge, a rolled catchplate. An 8th - 9th century date range has been suggested, but a similar brooch found in an early 10th-century context in 16-22 Coppergate, York, gives the best archaeological date for the series (Roesdahl 1981: 75, 105).

WMID-B2BA57: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch. The brooch is incomplete, but enough remains to identify it as a trumpet derivative type. It is missing the lower part of its bow and pin mechanism, as well as a probable head loop. There are three horizontal moulded ridges just below the break on the bow. There are also lozenge shaped decorative facets at the head, just before the presumed head loop would have projected. The remains of the brooch have a green patina. The reverse of the head is filled with ferrous corrosion, but it is possible to see that the pin mechanism (probably sprung) was held in place by an axis bar, held in place by two pierced plates at either side of the head. The brooch fragment measures 24.88 mm long, 12.95 mm wide at the head, 9.74 mm thick at the head and weighs 4.5 grams.

SWYOR-C4ED98: BROOCH
A cast, copper alloy Roman disc brooch dating from 100-200AD. It is circular in plan with four small, rectangular knops spaced equidistantly around the rim. The top and bottom knops carry the hinge mount and catch plate respectively on the reverse. The catch plate remains, but the rim section carrying the hinge mount has broken away and is missing. The brooch is decorated with an openwork design of four kidney shaped piercings around a central, raised, circular rivet. The edges of the piercings and the edge of the brooch have slightly raised and flattened rims. The space thus created contains blue enamel. The brooch has a light green patina. It is 35.4mm long, 33.6mm wide and 8.8 mm thick. It weighs 8.31gm. Identical examples are recorded on the database at references LVPL-E534E7 and SF-448571. For further reference, see Hattat, Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches, page 345, number 538.

SWYOR-C66C36: BROOCH
A corroded copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch dating from 75 - 175 AD. Only the top half of the brooch survives. It has a narrow trumpet head with a corroded pin mechanism behind. It is too corroded to tell if it is a spring or hinged pin. The acanthus button is very worn and is only on the front of the bow. The brooch has a lumpy green and brown patina.

BH-C80AF1: BROOCH
A copper-alloy T-shaped brooch of Roman (late 1st to mid 2nd century) date (cf. Hattatt 2000: Figs. 162-163). The bow is slightly bent and the pin is missing; otherwise, the condition is very good, with little corrosion. The wings consist of a horizontal cylinder with a flattened upper surface. The axis bar is contained within this cylinder, while the missing pin would have been attached via a vertical slit at the centre. Extending upwards from the top of the head is a remnant of the chain loop. The upper portion of the bow has flat surfaces and extends backwards at 90 degrees from the back of the head. Below this, the bow angles steeply downards and is parallel-sided. The upper surface of this portion has a rectangular cell, split into two equal columns by a low ridge. Contained within these cells are the remnants of orange enamel insets. Immediately below the upper bow, roughly halfway down the brooch, is a decorative moulding. The lower bow is longer than the upper, is of triangular section and tapers towards a moulded foot with transverse ridge at the top. On the underside of the lower bow is a complete, unperforated catchplate with a rolled outer side. The underside of the upper bow is slightly concave. The brooch measures 51.7mm long, 19.7mm wide (head) and weighs 10.07g.

BERK-D9B9D2: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman umbonate disc brooch with four side lugs, dating to the second century AD. The brooch is in good condition and retains some of the enamelling although the pin is missing from the reverse. The brooch has four lugs, one of which is the chain loop which remains intact. The brooch is domed with a sunburst pattern in champlevé enamelling. The sun's rays are represented by the triangular cells of enamel, the outer zone having blue enamel, the inner zone alternating red and blue. A deep channel runs round the lower perimeter of the brooch. This style of brooch has been found up and down the country, and when found in context has been dated from c. AD 69/70 to c. AD 150. These brooches appear to have been popular with the military. This brooch is identical to Hattatt's No. 128. ARBB.

LEIC-DB0A35: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Dolphin type brooch, 33mm long, 22mm wide and 15mm thick. The brooch is in fair condition and weighs 7.67grams. The brooch is complete, except for spring and pin. It has plain circular sectioned wings which have traces of silvering on them. The bow is circular sectioned and plain except for two sub circular motifs which sit at the base of the ridge that runs over the bow up to the spring . It has a stepped foot and a triangular catchplate.

SWYOR-DB3CC5: BROOCH
A copper-alloy plate brooch in the form of an equal-armed cross with bifid terminals. The centre of the cross is lozenge-shaped and has a raised centre surrounded by two grooved borders. One arm of the brooch is missing. On the reverse are two copper-alloy lugs, both broken, one with a circular hole in which is iron corrosion, probably the remains of the pin. The metal has a smooth green patina where it is not damaged. Although there are superficial similarities to various cross-shaped middle and later Anglo-Saxon brooches (e.g. SF-C42F44), the closest parallels are to be found among square brooches of Continental Frankish origin, mostly found in northern France and the Rhineland. A pair of these, but set with garnets, was found in the sixth-century grave 71 at Mill Hill, Deal, Kent (Parfitt and Brugmann 1997, 45 and fig. 39). They are generally dated to c. 550-c. 650 (Böhner's phase II-III, see Parfitt and Brugmann 1997, Table 11). See LIN-EDD8D2 for a possible (but fragmentary) parallel on the PAS database.

ESS-F01907: BROOCH
Roman miscast and incomplete cast copper alloy Colchester two-piece derivative brooch. The bow survives, with a damaged and incomplete perforated catchplate on the reverse of the foot. The head is also damaged, with incomplete castings for the wings. It is 33.03mm long and weighs 8.0 grams.

SWYOR-F1F167: BROOCH
A cast, copper alloy Roman brooch of the headstud type, dating from 75-200AD. The bow has a raised ridge along its centre consisting of a number of small cells filled with white enamel. The foot is missing due to an old break. At the top of the bow is an oval recess for the missing head stud. There is a rivet hole through the bow to fix it. Each of the short wings is decorated with a vertical row of three lozenge shaped cells filled with white enamel. The back of the wings are tubular, and part of the copper alloy axis bar survives. There is a slot for the hinged pin which is missing. There is a ridge on the top of the wings; a pseudo chord hook. Only the stub of the catchplate survives. The brooch has a light green patina and is somewhat corroded.

BH-F2D7C7: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy La Tene I brooch of Iron Age date (cf Hattatt 2000: fig. 147). The brooch has been cast in one-piece. The widest part of the arched bow is at the centre, from where it gradually tapers in both directions. At the centre of the convex upper surface is a vertical ridge. The spring and pin are missing, the patination of the break suggesting that this damage occurred in antiquity. The foot extends vertically downwards from the base of the bow. It has a rolled outer edge and is also missing its lower portion, which would probably have curved back towards the upper surface of the bow. The object has a dark green patina. It measures 40mm long, up to 7.5mm wide (centre of bow) and weighs 7.47g.

NARC-5A5F10: BROOCH
Catchplate and partial bow of a Roman cast copper alloy bow brooch. 1st century AD. Openwork decoration, with a circular hole above a sub-triangular hole. The bow terminates at the base of the catchplate and is D-shaped in section. A dark green even patina.

NARC-5A9A02: BROOCH
Almost complete copper alloy La Tene III brooch (100 BC - AD 100). The pin is missing. Four turns of the spring are present, created by a copper alloy strip 2mm wide being curled around. The strip widens to 5mm to create the bow, and turns 90degrees to create the catchplate. The bow is decorated with vertical zig-zag lines etched into it. Twisted slightly at the catchplate and the head. Similar can be found in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue, figure 149, number 739.

NARC-5AD075: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy brooch of late Iron Age date. This brooch type is classified by Hattatt as a 'Glastonbury' type (Brooches of Antiquity, p. 18-19, number 733). The head comprises a vertically aligned ring which extends to the bow. Through this ring is a seperate axis bar, 19mm long and 2mm in diameter. The axis bar is held in place by the spring, one side (the left side) of which is integral to the head of the bow, with the ring bifurcating and coiling around the axis bar. The spring on the right side of the axis bar is loose and held in place by the axis bar widening slightly. There are 6 turns to each side of the spring. The bow is sub-circular in section and tapers towards the foot, where it is foldedbackwards to create an openwork catchplate. The catchplate has an angled upper side, a sub-triangular aperture and a rolled outer side. Halfway down the bow are two raised bands as decoration. The brooch has a dark green patina. The head is twisted slightly. Only four other examples of this style of brooch are recorded on the PAS database, two also from Hertfordshire, one from Cornwall and one possible example from Yorkshire.

NARC-5E9C51: BROOCH
Headplate of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch dating from the Early Medieval period (late 5th/early 6th century AD). The central headplate has three vertical panels and small wings on either side, each with a side knob projecting from them. A third knob projects from the top of the central plate. There is no evidence of decoration. The hinge is intact on the reverse but obscured by corrosion. The pin is missing.

BERK-6DBED6: BROOCH
A copper alloy brooch spring, possibly post-medieval but date uncertain. It is incomplete but has six turns.

BERK-6DE734: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment of a Roman brooch consisting of the lower bow and damaged catchplate. First to second century AD.

FAKL-7037B3: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy enameled disc brooch originally slightly dished (concave/convex: umbonate) but now crushed. The decoration consisted of two concentric rings of triangular champleve cells some of which retain traces of enamel the colour of which cannot be determined. In the centre of the rings is a circular recess surrounded by an annular groove. On one edge of the disc are the remains of the hinge for a self-sprung pin mechanism, the catch-plate is missing. It appears that the disc was originally surrounded by a flange marked by a deep groove.

NARC-70ABA4: BROOCH
Bow fragment of a La Tene III brooch. 1st century BC-1st century AD. The upper 'hook' is the start of the springa nd pin, which are now missing. This widens out to 7mm, and the tapers down to 4mm at the break. Broken above the foot and catchplate. A vertical line of dots down the centre decorates the bow. Similar in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue, figure 149, no. 739.

SUR-70C211: BROOCH
A Roman bow brooch of Colchester type. The brooch has a prominent spine. Most of the side wings are missing as well as the surface of the lower part of the bow. The catchplate and spring/pin are also missing.

NARC-70DA61: BROOCH
The head of a cast copper alloy bow brooch. Most likely to be a Dolphin brooch. 1st century AD. The wings are 15mm wide, with a concave reverse to allow the spring to fit into the groove. The bow is D-shaped in section and 4mm wide, and is broken at 5mm from the wings.

An incomplete cross-arm terminal of a Roman cast copper alloy crossbow brooch. A bulbous terminal with two collars seperating the broken, uneven edge similar to a key bit from the terminal. The broken edge is corroded but appears to have been square in plan, with two shallow grooves along the edge. There is a break at the end. Thebulbous terminal is oval in section. It is a total of 26mm in length. This is a Type 3/4 crossbow brooch (Swift 2000, 14). A similar object can be seen on this database at: HAMP-5CDDB3. In this record, Robert Webley notes 'Swift (2003, 17) writes that 'brooches of this type are known to have been used as symbols of high status among both the military and civilians and were worn to pin the cloak on the right shoulder.'

Roman copper alloy Headstud brooch, 29mm long, 20mm wide and 12mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 5.53grams. The object is missing its foot, pin and catchplate but has almost complete wings which are semi-circular and have a stepped decoration. The bow is sub-circular and has a worn circular head stud with two rows of triangular cells filled with red enamel, running its length.

LEIC-835CF8: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy headstud brooch, 43mm long, 16mm wide and 17mm deep. The brooch is in fair condition and weighs 8.6grams. It is mising its pin but some of the uncoiled spring was retrieved with the item. It consists of short rectangular wings with stepped vertical lines which sit beside a rectangular sectioned bow. This is decorated with a riase circular stud which sits above a row of rectangular enamel cells with traces of red enamel. This sits above a stepped foot and in front of a triangular catchplate.

~~Early medieval copper alloy and gold saucer brooch, 42mm in diameter and 4mm thick The brooch is in fair condition and weighs 10.76grams. The brooch is incomplete and quite worn, only part of the original steep sided edge remains. It is decorated with a circular design with what appears to be two very devolved animals seperated by an open rectangular motif. these curl around an open circle and are enclosed by a double linear border. There is a thick line of gold near one of its edges. Its reverse contains the very worn remians of a single lug and catchplate.

LEIC-4EAE27: BROOCH
Copper alloy Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch of 'cross potent' type with evidence of an iron pin. Two broadly similar examples have been found locally. The type seems to be relatively early but as one of the dating criteria is the form of the foor (here, missing) it is difficult to be at all precise. Maybe late 5th/early 6th century. Being recorded from an illustration on an identification record from 1987.

WAW-9EF187: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch, a Colchester derivative which is probably a T-shaped type. The brooch is incomplete. The wings are cylindircal, and has a central slot on the reverse to allow the spring to coiled around the axis bar within the wings. The spring is visible with two coils and two broken terminals, therefore the pin is missing. The terminals ofthe wings appear to have a white ceramic filling. The bow head is hump-like and undecorated. The bow is very slender and tapers to a blunt point. The bow is undecorated. On the reverse there is a complete small catch plate. The surface of the brooch is abraded and has a matte mid grey/green coloured surface. It measures 42.5mm long, 29.43mm wide and it weighs 11.8g. T-shaped brooches can be highly decorated with cells and enamel, others are less decorated, for example No. 392 (Hattat, R 1985 Iron Age and Roman Brooches Oxbow) and Nos. 916 and 906 (Hattat, R. 1987 Brooches of Antiquity Oxbow). T-shape brooches appear to be manufactured in the West Country (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 159) and are found in contexts date to c. 55 to 90 AD (idid: 159).

WMID-D65AB6: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type, West Midlands), Mackreth 2011, 4.a.-4.b., dating from circa 80-120 AD. The brooch has semi-cylindrical wings which are open at the reverse for the sprung pin mechanism. The copper-alloy spring is damaged but half remains, consisting of five coils. The pin itself is missing. The ends of the wings have the pierced circular plate that is characteristic of this brooch type. The bow has moulded plates on the head above the wings. The bottom of the bow is missing, as is the catch plate. There is a broken lug on the top of the head for attachment of the spring. The brooch tapers from 10.55 mm wide at the head to 3.3 mm at the foot. It is 42.56 mm long. The wings measure 20.91 mm wide and it is 15.7 mm thick at the head. It weighs 11.7 grams. The surface of the metal is worn and corroded in many areas but where the surface metal survives it is a smooth dark green in colour. Elsewhere it is a darker green to brown.

LON-D6A623: BROOCH
A Medieval copper-alloy annular brooch dating to the 15th century. This brooch frame has a rectangular cross-section and a pin constriction, and there is a notch on the opposing side for the pin rest. The pin is still present and appears to be the original pin. It has a tapering trapezoidal section and is decorated with two engraved parallel transverse lines at the junction of its shaft and loop. The external surface has an inscription in black lettering which is a little unclear. It begins domine. ne., but then can be fully reconstructed with the help of the very similar SF-52ADB1 as domine. ne. [pin rest] in furore tu[o] (O Lord, do not rebuke me in thine anger). The stops appear to be oak leaves. Dimensions: thickness: 2.34m; diameter: 20.06mm; weight: 2.93g. Also compare the closely similar SF6179 and SF-52ADB1, The text is the opening line of both Psalm 6 and Psalm 38.

DUR-D6C512: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy fragment of a Roman bow brooch, late 1st- 2nd century AD in date. Only the foot and lower part of the bow remains. There are remnants of the catchplate on the reverse. The bow tapers to a point towards the foot, there does not seem to be a widening for the foot. It is very worn and corroded all over, with a light green patina.

WMID-D7BCB3: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type), Mackreth 2011, 3. Plate 46, pg. 71, no. 1854.. Manufactured middle Severn Valley., probably of Polden Hill type, dating from circa 75 AD to 175 AD. The brooch has semi-cylindrical wings which are open at the reverse for the pin mechanism, which along with the pin, is now missing. The ends of the wings are broken but appear to have the pierced circular plate that is characteristic of this brooch type. The bow has moulded plates on the head above the wings. The catchplate is largely missing, though vestiges remain on the reverse of the lower bow. There is a broken lug on the top of the head for attachment of the pin. Three decorative ribs run down the length of the bow. The brooch tapers from 9.88 mm wide at the head to 2.14 mm at the foot. It is 50.33 mm long. The wings measure 19.01 mm wide and it is 9.98 mm thick at the head. It weighs 8.4 grams. The surface of the metal is worn and corroded in many areas but where the surface metal survives it is a smooth dark green in colour. Elsewhere it is a paler green where the surface metal has worn away.

WMID-D81736: BROOCH
A broken cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Polden Hill type of Mackreth 2011, 4.a-4.b, 4c, Plate 46, dating from circa 80 AD to 120 AD. The brooch has semi-cylindrical wings which are open at the reverse for the sprung pin mechanism, which is complete and consists of 11 coils. The pin is broken and missing. The spring is held in place by a rear projecting lug which secures the sping chord. The ends of the wings have the pierced circular plate that is characteristic of this brooch type and which secures the spring axis bar. The bow has moulded plates on the head above the wings. Below the head most of the bow is missing. Traces of two decorative ribs survive on the top of the head. The brooch tapers from 12.02 mm wide at the head to 8.37 mm at the break. It is 23 mm long. The wings measure 25.87 mm wide and it is 12.58 mm thick at the head. It weighs 13.5 grams. The brooch fragment has a pale green patina.

WMID-D89728: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch, probably a Trumpet brooch or Trumpet derivative. Only the head and a small part of the bow survive. The head is sub-oval in shape and has a broken loop for securing the pin mechanism. The remains of the brooch are worn and have a dark green to brown patina. It measures 18.65 mm long, 8.82 mm wide, 10.33 mm thick and weighs 4.2 grams. It probably dates to the late first or second century AD.

WAW-FFF780: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy enamelled plate / disc brooch of 2nd Century dating (c.100 - c. 200 AD) Approximately 90% of the brooch is present, consisting of the front plate, spring and catch plate. The pin is missing, presumably lost in antiquity. The brooch consists of a circular disc, with enamel decoration on the front, with a sprung pin attached on the back. The enamelled decoration consists of a raised outer rim, a raised inner central circle and six (6) raised pellets. The pellets are located between the inner and outer rims, regularly spaced out in a circular arrangement. The remains of enamel infilled decoration is present between the raised areas. The original colour of the enamel is hard to determine as it has suffered from a degree of corrosion, but could have been yellow in colour. Where the enamel has flaked away, the surface of the brooch is a dark red colour. The back of the brooch is undecorated. The catch plate has remained and is 5.49mm long. The catch plate consists of an integrally cast lug, folded over at the top to retain the pin. On the opposite side of the plate is the remains of the spring. The spring consists of an internal chord (passing under the pin), and two coils on one side of the attachment point and one coil on the other. The brooch measures 21.87mm in diameter and 6.21mm thick. It weighs 4.0 grams. The brooch is predominantely a mid to dark green colour with an even surface patina covering the surface. The patina has flaked away in a couple of areas on the back of the brooch, probably due to time spent in the plough soil. The remains of the enamel are a light green / yellow colour. Roman brooches of this type are frequently encountered. Due to their size, it is doubtful that they were of practical use (dress fasteners) but more decorative in nature. Similar brooches can be seen in Richard Hattatt's Visual Guide to Ancient brooches (p 344, fig 203, #1029 & #1030) and are considered to be of 2nd Century dating. Reference: Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

HAMP-045060: BROOCH
A slightly corroded and damaged cast copper-alloy Roman Trumpet brooch. The majority of the brooch survives, with the exception of the pin. The flared trumpet head is sub-circular with a flat lower surface from the centre of which protrudes a loop, a truncated oval in shape. The axis bar is present within the loop's perforation, retained by the spring's side coils and chord below. The pin has broken as it curves round into the shaft. The bow emerges from the head, faceted on each side and therefore triangular in cross-section. There are grooves between the bow and the head giving the latter a moulded quality. Above these grooves there is a pair of diagonal lines on the bow giving two 'V's. The brooch has a central moulding flanked by prominent transverse grooves and ridges, these latter formed of two conjoined semicircles. The 'button' is decorated within curvilinear mouldings at the top and base, two conjoined semicircles with the rounded sides in the field. The leg below has the same faceting and cross-section as the upper bow. It terminates in a prominent double knobbed terminal. On the lower surface the catch-plate survives very well, its web extending up for 22.65mm. It is sub-triangular, rising straight up from the terminal knob, angled at the curl, with the other side shallowly curved. The brooch has been bent laterally with the leg now to one side. The brooch now has a dark-grey colour. For Trumpet brooches see Hattatt (2000, 328; fig. 187).

SWYOR-17E8C5: BROOCH
A cast, copper alloy Roman plate brooch dating from 200-350AD. The brooch is oval in shape. There is a smaller, central oval delineated by a raised ridge; this probably contained an intaglio which is now missing. The space between the inner oval and the rim of the brooch contained enamel, which was probably blue. The pin mount and part of the catch plate remain on the reverse. A fragment of a ferrous spring remains in the pin mount; the rest of the pin is missing. The brooch has a light green patina. It is 26.9mm long, 22.2mm wide and 6.3mm thick. It weighs 5.96gm. A similar example is illustrated in Hattat, Visual Catalogue, figure 223, number 1207.

DUR-184206: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman disc brooch, 2-3rd century AD. It is circular in plan with decoration in relief on the front. The decoration consists of a central cross, with rounded arms, inside two concentric circles. The cross was infilled with blue enamel, some of which remains. Outside the circles is a circle of dots and then a raised border meets the edge of the brooch. It is likely some of these fields would also have been filled with enamel but this is now missing. The reverse is plain and has the remnants of the catchplate and pin mechanism. The pin and its mechanism are missing.

A cast, copper alloy Roman plate brooch dating from 200-350AD. The brooch is oval in shape. There is a smaller, central oval delineated by a raised ridge; this probably contained an intaglio which is now missing. Between the inner oval and the rim of the brooch there is a further oval ridge which is lower than the central ridge. The brooch carries traces of gilding. Part of the pin mount and part of the catch plate remain on the reverse. The pin mount and the pin are missing. The brooch is 35.3mm long, 28.4mm wide and 10.4mm thick. It weighs 15.61gm. A similar example is illustrated in Hattat, Visual Catalogue, figure 223, number 643.

WAW-1960E2: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman Trumpet brooch, dating from 75 to 175 AD. Approximately 25% of the brooch is present, consisting of the top of the bow, the head loop and the attachment loop for the spring. The foot, catch plate, spring and pin are all missing. A circular head loop (internal diameter 3.65mm) is present at the top of the bow, with an angular bow descending from a plate below it. The head of the brooch is complete, semi circular in plan, and tapers into the bow. The bow is D-shaped in cross section. At the shoulder (midway) point of the bow, there are three raised ridges, with the central one being most prominent. Otherwise the bow is plain and undecorated. The reverse of the head has a cast projecting bar which divides the head into two parts. This bar is also complete and has a circular pierced hole through it (diameter 2.35mm), to which the pin / spring would have attached. The brooch is a mid grey green colour, with an even surface patina. It measures 26.78mm in length, 9.94mm wide and 16.74mm thick. It weighs 4.2 grams. Hattatt published a similar but more complete brooch, from Wall, Staffordshire (2000, p328, fig 187, #952) in his visual catalogue of Ancient Brooches, and dated that example to 1st to 2nd Centuries AD. Reference: Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books. Oxford.

WAW-1A4DA5: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Lion Bow derivative brooch of 1st Century AD dating. Approximately 50% of the brooch is present, consisting of the spring cover, spring and the bow. The spring cover takes the form of a horizontally aligned cylinder, with a longitudinal join on the top of the cover. The ends are damaged. The spring sits within this cylinder, with the top of the pin present in a vertical slit at the back of the brooch. The integral bow has a thin upper portion with parallel sides. Beneath this is a raised moulding consisting of a central ball, with a sub oval petal type shape above and below. Underneath this is the foot of the bow, which is sub oval in shape. A rivet is present on the rear of the foot to attach to the leg and catch-plate. The brooch is a dark mid green colour, with an uneven surface patina. The damage to the patina is probably the result of plough roll. It measures 33.91mm in length, 24.68mm wide and 13.60mm thick. It weighs 10.5 grams. Lion bow derivative brooches typically consist of four joined elements: the bow and the spring cover; the leg and the catchplate; the spring and pin; and the plate. A similar but more complete brooch, from Bury St Edmunds was published as #280 in Hattatt (2000, p307, fig 166) and has been dated to 1st Century AD. Another more complete example has been recorded on the PAS as BH-7E7841 from Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire. Reference: Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books. Oxford.

A cast copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch, dating from 75 - 175AD. It is 33.7mm long, 14.6mm wide and 18.6mm thick. It weighs 8.69gm. The bow is decorated with an acanthus button on the front of the bow only, flanked by double collars. Two grooves form a border round the edge of the trumpet shaped head. There are the remains of a damaged chain loop on the top of the head of the brooch. The catchplate and foot of the brooch have also broken away. At the back of the head is a tubular housing for the axis bar which is copper alloy. The hinge of the brooch pin is still visibly attached to the head, but the rest of the pin is missing. The brooch has a smooth light green patina. Brooches of a similar design can be viewed in Hattatt Visual Catalogue pp.328 Figure 187.

SWYOR-2C8DC7: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman Colchester brooch, dating from 25 - 60AD. It is 32.0mm long, 14.9mm wide and 9.5mm thick. It weighs 3.71gm. Due to the corroded surface of the brooch no decoration is visible on the bow. On the front of the head, where it meets the bow, there is a 2.4mm diameter circular depression that is roughly 2mm deep. The head shows evidence of a Colchester type spring, with a small fragment of the spring loop corroded into place. The rest of the spring mechanism and pin are missing, as is the foot of the brooch and the catchplate. It has a patchy brown and green patina. Brooches of a similar type are visible in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue pp.296 figure 155.

Roman cast copper alloy Colchester derivative brooch fragment. Only the head and wings partially survive. The wings are rectangular with a 'C' shaped cross section; they are undecorated except for two grooves flanking either side of the bow. The reverse of the wings has a worn break where the pin lug would have been located to secure the (missing) sprung pin. There is a pronounced rib on the bow. The break on the wings and bow are very worn. it is 10.95mm long. 25.69mm wide across the wings. It weighs 3.14 grams.

Medieval cast copper alloy annular brooch. The ring is plain and undecorated. The pin is formed from a sheet of copper alloy folded around the frame. It is 21.90mm in diameter, 1.69mm thick and weighs 1.76 grams.

ESS-69C3D6: BROOCH
Roman cast copper alloy brooch fragment, from a Colchester derivative brooch - possibly a T-shaped brooch. Only the lower par of the bow and catchplate survive. There is an inverted cast triangle on the bow, immediately before the break. The catchplate is small and triangular, with the edge curving forward to secure the (missing) pin. It is 22.68mm long, 7.99mm wide at the break tapering to 2.54mm. The bow is 1.85mm thick. The catchplate is 7.79mm wide and 1.49mm thick. It weighs 1.64 grams.

SUSS-6CF130: BROOCH
A corroded and incomplete copper alloy plate brooch, dating to the Roman period (c. 2nd century AD). The brooch would have originally been lozenge shaped but only about 60% now remains. It has a curved almost feathered rebate running around the edge of the front face; this is bordered by a design of closely spaced diagonal lines that have been cast or incised into the metal. Positioned at what would have been the centre of the complete brooch is a raised circular boss within which is set a circle of light green enamel which changes towards the centre into turqouise and then to a darker blue circle in the middle. The reverse surface of the brooch has two raised lugs that would have hinged the pin. They are positioned in the more acute angle of the lozenge shape and aligned along the original long axis, such that the pin would have met with the catchment plate (now missing) in the opposite acute angle. The brooch is dark green in colour and would date from the 2nd century AD. There is a similar example in Hattatt (2007, 349, 568a).

SWYOR-7CC625: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman brooch; a headstud type dating from 75 - 200 AD. The brooch is corroded and the foot and catchplate are missing. The bow is distinctly hollow at the back at the top, making it U shaped in section. The front is decorated with transverse lines, and a pointed oval integral headstud. This is position lower down the bow than is usual. There are vertical grooves on the front of the wings. Behind them is a tubular housing for the copper alloy axis bar. The pin is iron but only the head and some ferrous staining survives. The rest of the brooch has a light green patina.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 35mm long, 11mm wide and 12mm deep. The object is in poor condition and weighs 3.39grams. The object is plain and consists of a circular sectioned bow with integral catchplate. It has short rectangular shaped wings which hold a spring loop.

WAW-81F9A4: BROOCH
An incomplete mis-cast copper alloy Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 4.b, flat wing ends type, West Midlands of Roman date (80 - 120 AD). Approximately 25% of the brooch is present, consisting of the head and most of the wings. The foot, spring, pin and catch plate are missing, presumably lost in antiquity. The hook at the top is reverse facing, but it looks like the hole beneath may be incomplete and not totally perforated. The bow consists of a raised sub oval shape, with pronounced edges. The left wing is incomplete, and consists only of the ridge between the bow and the wings. The right wing is rectangular in plan, and semi circular in cross section, with a centrally pierced end cap. A small ridge is present at the junction between the bow and the wings. The back of the brooch demonstrates a sub rectangular concave depression, which extends across the width of the brooch (from one wing to the other), and would have originally held the spring. The spring casing widens towards the incomplete left wing. The brooch shows signs that it may have been miscast: The incomplete perforation of the hook; The left lateral slant of the flat bow; the incomplete casting of the ridge at the shoulder; the diagonal enlargment of the spring casing. The brooch is a mid green colour, with an even surface patina. It measures 17.07mm in length, 15.14mm wide and 8.51mm thick. It weighs 4.2 grams.

WAW-82C6D5: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy disc / plate brooch, probably of Anglo-Saxon date (7th to 9th Centuries AD). Less than 25% of the brooch is present, and consists of a small rim section of a plate style brooch. Part of the spring is present on the back of the fragment. The brooch fragment is irregular in plan and section. From the small section, it is possible to estimate the original rim diameter as 4 cm, with 17% present. It consists of a border, with a faint two strand guilloche (interlaced ropework) design. Each strand is double ply (split into two). The border area appears to have been made from a different copper alloy to the central design area, as it is dark green colour compared to a lighter mid green colour. The back of the plate is plain and undecorated. One of the copper alloy attachment lugs is present, and the remains of the coiled iron spring are present, wrapped around it. The majority of the brooch is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. However due to a minor degree of abrasion, the decorative detailing is hard to determine. It measures 15.84mm long, 11.23mm wide, and 9.14mm thick. The plate part is 1.80mm thick. It weighs 2.2 grams. The shape and style are broadly consistent with Early Medieval disc / plate brooches, but due to the size of the fragment and subtle decoration, it is hard to directly parallel this artefact. The faint guilloche (ropework) decoration around the edge is more indicative of Early Medieval dating. It is possible it could be a plate brooch of Roman dating.

SWYOR-93F2F5: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch; an umbonate broch dating from the 2nd century. The brooch is damaged, with most of the original edges missing due to old breaks. The centre is conical and is decorated with a central pimple of copper alloy surrounded by five rounded oval cells filled with red enamel. A circular groove encloses the raised area, and the flat outer area is decorated with about fourteen semicircular recessed areas. It is not clear whether these once contained enemal. The stud of a projecting knob containing a loop for suspension survives where the pin hinge is hidden behind. There would probably have been other similar knops round the edge of the brooch. The pin mechanism is a double loop, but the catchplate and pin are missing. The metal has a light green patina.

NARC-97BB42: BROOCH
A medieval silver-gilt annular brooch, dating to the late 14th - 15th century. The frame of rectangular hollow construction, and with the pin surviving around a constriction in the frame. The point of the pin broken off. The frame bears the inscription, in black letter characters, 'ie le decir' ('I desire you'), against an engraved background. The gilding is now very worn, and only traces survive on the frame and on the pin. This report is by Beverley Nenk, of the Department of Prehistory and Europe at the British Museum, on the 26 July 2010.

LEIC-A90D22: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 47mm long, 32mm wide and 16mm thick. The object is in good condition and weighs 17.98grams. It is missing its spring and pin but is otherwise intact. It has a plain sub rectangular bow with integral catchplate and shallow bows which are plain except for a border formed of two incised vertical lines.

NCL-AC1631: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy fantail brooch of the 2nd century AD. The brooch is largely complete, missing only the sprung pin. The head of the brooch is formed by the top of the bow, with semi-cylindrical arms emerging from each side, with double incised lines at each end. The top of the bow has a low medial ridge of small serations flanked by a simple incised upside-down J to each side. A triple collar separates the bow from the fantail foot, which has a beaded border along all three outer edges, and a smaller set of parallel beaded lines down the centre. Raised lines form a triangle with slightly concave sides on each half of the fantail foot. The lower edge of the fantain has a small protruding knob at each corner and in the centre. The underside of the foot has a hooked catchplate.

NCL-AC8CF0: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy umbonate brooch of 1st-3rd century date. The brooch is incomplete, with damage to one edge and the hinged pin missing. The body of the brooch is formed by a dome separated from the rim by a shallow channel. The dome has triangular cells, some of which retain blue enamel. The cells are arranged around the peak of the dome in two circles, with the outer circles taking the shape of larger triangles and the inner cells made of small triangles. The lug for the pin emerges from the rim and retains the hinged top of the pin, but the shaft has been broken off. The catchplate emerges from the underside of the brooch opposite the lugs.

NCL-ACAF72: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy annular brooch of 13th-14th century date. The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin, but the frame has survived intact. The frame bears six moulded collets, each sub-rectangular in plan with a circular hole to act as a seting, the remains of a possible white paste remaining in one. Alternating with the collets are six vertical ridges tapering to a point. On opposite sides of the frame, and placed between two ridges are two pairs of collars that acted as a pin restriction and rest. In section, the frame is D-shaped.

NCL-ACF4F6: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy headstud brooch of the late 1st-2nd century. The brooch is largely complete, missing only its sprung pin. The brooch is highly decorated. The semicylindrical arms have a raised rectangular panel on each end, both bearing a circular cavity for a setting or inlay. The bow has a pointed oval headstud, also with a circular cavity for a setting or inlay. The side edges of the bow are serrated, and between the headstud and the foot, there are parallel rows of lozenge-shaped cells, which appear to retain white enamel. The foot is a forward facing circular stud, which may retain a white or yellow enamel in an outer ring and in a separated central circle. A hooked catchplate is found emerging from the foot.

NARC-AF61F0: BROOCH
A complete cast copper alloy brooch of Medieval date. 13th to 15th century AD. The frame is sub-circular in section with twised style decoraton on the front. the reverse is plain. The frame narrows to accomodate the pin, which is complete. The pin is circular in section and is 25.5mm long. The pin loop is closed, with a slight scar where the loop has been closed around the frame. The brooch frame is 28mm in diameter and the frame is 3mm thick. Similar can be seen in Hattatt's Visual Catalogue, figure 241, number 697.

SWYOR-114BB0: BROOCH
A copper alloy brooch decorated in a fusion of the Borre and Jellinge styles, possibly a Viking import, dating from 900-950 AD. The brooch is domed and in two parts; a flat backplate and a slightly domed, openwork front. The reverse carries the remains of a double mount for a hinged pin and a catch plate, together with an additional lug at right angles to the pin, which was probably perforated, but is also broken. The hinge and pin are also missing. The openwork upper portion is made up of a single profile beast with a thin, intertwined body, making a roughly triangular shape and with the hind leg gripping the foreleg. This body has a narrow groove or contour line running along each side for the full length of the beast. There is a central copper alloy rivet holding the two sections of the brooch together. There is no visible evidence of gilding: the brooch displays a dark brown patina. It is 32.1mm in diameter and 9.9mm thick. It weighs 13.32g. These brooches have been the subject of studies by Ingmar Jansson (1984), James Graham-Campbell (1985) and Jane Kershaw (2009). They come in two variants, of composite construction (as here) and of one-piece construction. In 1985 they were concentrated in Scandinavia, leading Graham-Campbell to suggest an East Scandinavian origin; by 2009 eleven were known from Britain. Another composite example can be found on the database at NCL-7E9EE5. An example of the type with one-piece construction can be found on the database at reference CAM-371E87.

WMID-12D3B2: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch, a Trumpet headed derivative type. The brooch is worn and incomplete, missing its pin mechanism, pin and the foot of the bow. The head expands at the top to a 'trumpet head' and is hollow at the reverse with a central lug to secure the spring. The bow curves abrubtly before the head, and the head is almost at a right angle to the bow. There is a central moulded knop on the bow, just before the abrubpt curve. The remains of a catchplate are visible at the bottom of the broken bow. The brooch measures 40.98 mm long, 10.53 mm wide (at the head), 8 mm thick (at the thickest part of the bow) and weighs 10.7 grams. It has a worn pale green to dark green patina. It dates from the late first to second century AD.

LEIC-153E45: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch fragment, 36mm long, 7mm wide and thick and weighing 3.93grams. The object is in poor condition and consists of the mid part of the bow and foot of a plain trumpet brooch.

LEIC-15CF56: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy and gold oval plate brooch 27 long, 19mm wide and 2mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 4.16grams. The object consists of an oval brooch with a now empty central fitting which is surrounded by three lines of rope like decoration which has been gilded. The reverse contains the remains of a spring and catchplate.

CORN-273084: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy ansate ('handle-like') brooch decorated with equal-sized shield-shaped plates on either side of an arched bow, in profile, that is rectangular in plan, and semi-circular in section. Each plate has four punched ring-and-dot motifs, in a diamond formation, on the upper faces, and there is a singular ring-and-dot punched in the centre of the bow. The hinge, made up of two semi-circular perforated lugs, remains intact on the back of one of the plates, but is encrusted with iron corrosion product. The rest of the pin is missing, but on the back of the opposite terminal, the small catchplate, triangular in profile and folded over, is still intact. This type of brooch used to be thought of as Merovingian, where they are found from the seventh century onwards, but there are now many more of them in England (172 on the PAS database) where they are certainly not found until the eighth century, after the end of furnished burials, as there are none found in burials at all (Helen Geake pers comm). Hattatt (2000) illustrates a similar example on page 380, Fig.239, No.1323. Thörle (2001) illustrates similar examples on Tafeln 4 and 5 which are classified as Gruppe I, and the closest type is Group I Type A 2, which seems on the Continent to date from the late 6th to early 8th centuries, but does not arrive in England until the 8th century AD (Helen Geake pers comm). Middle Anglo-Saxon, early to middle 8th century AD.

BERK-2790B5: BROOCH
A copper alloy fragment of a Roman T-shaped brooch consisting of incomplete wings and top of bar. Double pierced lug, of which only a top bit survives. The wings are C-shaped in section. A little of the axis bar and one coil survives with a vertical rib on the bow. First to second century AD.

BERK-2B2377: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy pennannular Roman brooch, missing its pin. The brooch has terminals that curve back onto the loop of the brooch, and although worn may represent serpents or another zoomorphic design. 1st Century AD.

A late Early-Medieval cast copper alloy convex disc brooch. The brooch is circular and domed, hollow on the reverse. It is quite worn, and there are chips missing from the edge. There are no traces of gilding extant but there is a black layer on the surface which could indicate a white metal coating. The decoration appears to consist of Borre style knotwork (in the variant Terslev style) around a central cross pattee. There are four double-strand C-scrolls or volutes, all placed with their curving backs to the centre of the brooch. The scrolls interlace with a double-strand square. This is Kershaw's Terslev motif type I (2013, 70-71). On the reverse are an incomplete double pin-lug with no extant trace of a pin, a damaged catch-plate set at right-angles to the edge, and a similarly set and damaged loop for a pendant. The presence of a loop on the reverse of the brooch was believed by Sue Margeson (The Vikings in Norfolk (1997) p. 21) to be "a sure sign of Scandinavian origin." A 10th century date is likely.

SWYOR-7F8FF7: BROOCH
A late Iron Age one piece wire brooch of Nauheim Derivative type. The brooch is complete with a rectangular sectioned strip bow decorated with an incised border and a double incised line across the bow at the foot. The catchplate is solid but has lost its U shaped turn to hold the pin. The pin has two turns on each side, a a loop that passes under the bow. The spring has broken at one point, but is still in place. The pin itself is complete but bent. The brooch has a thin light green patina, with brass showing through in places. The brooch dates from c. 10 - 60 AD. Compare LIN-0C26F2 and SUR-BC4153.

SWYOR-80DE54: BROOCH
Part of a cast copper alloy Roman brooch; a chatelaine brooch used to suspend a set of toilet articles. This type probably dates to between the 1st and mid-3rd centuries AD (c.80-250 AD). Only the base of the plate survives. It is decorated with a band of alternating upward and downward pointing triangular cells, filled with enamel which now all appears red. Above the bar is a projection in the centre which is broken and worn, and a bar projecting upwards at each end. It would appear that this plate was openwork, which seems unusual compared to the other examples recorded on the database. Below the bar of triangles, a stub projects at each end. The ends of these are divided, and would originally have formed loops where the bar supporting the toilet articles would have been suspended. The breaks are worn, and the brooch has a dark brown patina. Similar examples can be seen in Hattatt (1989), who notes that this type of brooch appears to be native to Britain and largely confined to the south of the country (Hattatt, 1985). Compare NLM4625 and SF-2C4572

LEIC-8FC2F5: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch foot, 47mm long, 16mm wide and 8mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 11.10grams. It has a central ridge running its length and a flat plain base. The catchplate is complete and has a sub triangular void.

SWYOR-9B2536: BROOCH
A Roman brooch; Colchester type dating from the first or early second century. One side of the spring survives. It has four turns, originating from the top of the bow, and integral. The wire then comes round the top of the head, secured by a forward facing hook which is also integral. There are small plain wings at the top of the bow. The bow is D shaped in section and rectangular in plan, tapering towards the foot. It is decorated with recessed triangular cells along the centre of the bow, alternating pointing right and left. These may have contained enamel. The foot of the brooch is missing, but the triangular openwork catchplate is partially complete. The brooch has a dark green and brown patina. Compare NLM-9ACA25 and HAMP-825D86.

An incomplete copper alloy T shaped brooch of the Roman period. The brooch has cylindrical wings in cross section containing an axis bar for a hinged pin; the pin is missing. The bow is D-shaped in cross section and decorated with a rope like rib down the centre. The lower part of the bow is missing. The brooch has a glossy brown patina. Compare LIN-26F3E7.

SWYOR-9C2BB6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Trumpet brooch. Only the middle portion of the bow remains, and the breaks are well patinated. The bow is curved in profile and at the apex there is a simplistic acanthus formed by three rows of projecting petals. This decoration does not continue round the back of the bow. The bow is D shaped in section. The surface of the brooch has a well developed dark grey/green patina. Trumpet brooches date to 75 to 175 AD.

BERK-A6CC52: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman plate brooch dating from the 1st century AD. The brooch has a fully enclosed spring and integral catchplate, but the copper pin is missing. The brooch has a sub-circular upper part with moulded horizontal ridges and an 'X' design below. It has a rectangular foot with a double 'X' design; some of these lines are formed of small punched dots. There is a horizontal line both above and beneath these X's. The brooch is flat in profile, and no direct comparison could be found in any of Hattatt's publications.

BERK-A6EC93: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch dating from the 5th to 6th centuries AD. The brooch has an internal pattern of five running spirals around a central ring and dot design, all enclosed within a narrow circumferential border. The brooch has an integrally cast pin hinge and catch plate, and although the pin is missing, the lump of iron corrosion on the reverse indicates that the pin was made of iron. This was common practice. The rim of the saucer brooch is angular. Originally the brooch would have been gilded, but no trace of this survives on this example. Saucer brooches are associated with females, and they have their main focus in the Upper Thames Valley area. There are several comparable examples in the Ashmolean Museum from cemeteries in Abingdon, Fairford and Berinsfield.

BERK-A7B1F1: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman disc brooch with peripheral lugs and a central boss. The brooch has an outer decorative panel of millefiori in small boxes of red, white and blue. These small boxes may have been juxtaposed with small panels of enamel but these no longer survive. The brooch would have had eight peripheral lugs originally but only 4 of these now survive. Two of the lugs on the reverse form the catchplate and opposite the pin hinge. The brooch has a hollow reverse and the pin is missing. This style of brooch dates from the 2nd century AD.

BERK-A7C8B7: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman plate brooch of the spoked disc type. The brooch has six spokes and central projecting boss and an outer circumferential channel. The brooch was probably gilded. On the reverse, part of the catchplate and the hinge survives but the pin is missing. This style of brooch dates from the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD. For comparision, see Hattatt cf. 550/1216.

BERK-A98971: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. The brooch has a rectangular head plate, an arched bow that is rounded in front and hollow behind. There are several horzontal linear mouldings both top and bottom of the bow, with multiple horizontal lines under the arch down the bow to the foot of the brooch. The foot has an expanded pelta-shaped terminal. On the reverse of the brooch are the remains of the hinge mechanism and the ctachplate, both of which are damaged. The pin is also missing. This style of brooch dates from the 5th century through into the late 6th century AD.

BERK-AB9A04: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman dolphin style brooch, with a spring mechanism (now missing). The bow is decorated with several vertical lines running its length - the central line appears wavy. The arms of the brooch survive, but the complete spring mechanism and pin is missing and the catchplate is damaged. Dolphin brooches with a spring mechanism date to c. AD 1st century.

WAW-ADC644: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch. In plan the brooch is a lozenge with slightly concave edges. Each corner has an integral knop, the side corners have a single knop the upper and lower corners have a bifurcated knop. In the centre there is a bulbous headed decorative rivet whose stem on the reverse is bent over to secure it in place. The rivet head is actually a circular cell which appears to be filled with a substance, possibly enamel which is slightly domed in profile. This rivet head is seated within a low-relief circular cell which has two moulded concentric rings as decoration. The reverse of the brooch has a solid catchplate at one terminal, and a pair of integral perforated lugs through which the axis bar is situated. Only a fragment of one of these lugs remains. The pin is curled around the axis bar and then tapers to a sharp point. The brooch has developed a dark green shiny patia, and there are traces of a white metal alloy on the upper surface. It measures 32.97mm long, 21.98mm wide, 6.68mm thick and weighs 2.7g. The brooch is a composite early plate brooch, and a similar one is, if more incomplete, illustrated in Plouviez (Plouviez, J 2004 'The Brooch Catalogue' in Blagg, T., Plouviez, J and Tester, A 2004 Excavations at a Large Romano-British Settlement at Hacheston, Suffolk, 1973-74 East Anglian Archaeology 106) No. 166 which is described as being a Riha (Riha, E. 1979 Die Romischen Fibeln aus Augst und Kaiseraugst in Augst 3 (Basel) type7.4.1 which is widely distributed in the Roman Empire and dated to the mid 1st century. Plouviez (ibid; 101) comments that this is a Continental brooch which has the white metal alloy coating which would not have reached Britain before 43 AD.

WAW-ADDF15: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy trumpet brooch. The bow head has no wings and in plan the bow head is a horizontal oval. The bow head is undecorated. The upper edge has a trace of a decorated integral lug, originally a fixed headloop. The decoration is in the form of a horizontal ridge. On the reverse of the bow head there are two vertical sub-oval integral lug with a central perforation. The lugs support a copper alloy axis bar around which there are traces of a spring. Only two coils of the spring remain. The pin is missing. Only a fragment of the bow remains, it is a lozenge in section and is narrowed. The break of the bow is not too recent. The brooch has a well developed mid grey/green coloured patina. It weighs 5.2g, and measures 21.27mm wide and 20.5mm long. The brooch is a trumpet type. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164). Worrell (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter) narrows the date to c. 75 to c. 175 AD.

WAW-ADF3C0: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy trumpet brooch. The bow head has no wings and is a horizontal oval. The bow head is undecorated. The upper edge has a trace of a decorated integral lug, the remains of a fixed headloop. The decoration is in the form of a horizontal ridge. On the reverse of the bow head there are two vertical sub-oval integral lugs with a central perforation, one is incomplete. The lugs support an incomplete copper alloy axis bar around which there are traces of a spring. Only two coils of the spring remain. The pin is missing. Only a fragment of the bow remains, it is a pointed oval in section and is narrowed. The break of the bow is not too recent. The brooch has a mid grey/green coloured patina. It weighs3 g, and measures 12.99mm wide and 18.13mm long. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164). Worrell (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter) narrows the date to c. 75 to c. 175 AD.

WAW-AEB888: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy trumpet brooch. The head has no wings and in plan is a horizontal oval; it is undecorated. The upper edge has a trace of a decorated integral perforated lug (headloop). The decoration is in the form of a horizontal ridge. On the reverse of the bow head there are two vertical sub-oval integral lugs with a central perforation. The lugs support an an iron axis bar around which the incomplete spring is coiled. Only two coils of the spring remain, one appears to be missing and the potential fourth is thought to become the pin, which is now missing. The spring chord is tucked below the lug and spring and is incomplete. The bow leads from the centre of the head and is triangular in section. It tapers towards an ribbed moulding at the apex of the bow. The only decoration on the upper portion of the bow is a two pointed lentoids forming a '/ \' shape. The bow is broken just below the moulding, and this break is not recent. The brooch has a well developed shiny mid green/grey coloured patina. It weighs 6.3g, and measures 14.73mm wide and 33.58mm long. The brooch is a Trumpet-headed type. Trumpet brooches date to the 1st to 2nd century (Bayley, J. and Butcher, S. 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A Technological and Typological Study based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160-164). Worrell (Worrell, S. 2007 'Roman Brooch Timeline' North-West PAS Newsletter) narrows down the date to 75 to 175 AD.

BERK-BEB771: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Roman bridge-type brooch, equal ended and missing its foot, catchplate, spring and pin. There are six small circular indentations that may have held enamel or niello inlay. The brooch is bent in on itself. Second century AD.

SWYOR-CF9563: BROOCH
A copper alloy dragonesque brooch, dating from 75 - 175 AD. The brooch consists of a cast S shaped openwork plate, but the foot is missing. The upper surface has two decoration types - moulded and openwork. The central ornamentation of the brooch consists of a boss within a lozenge. This is held between the two edges of the openwork body, with apertures above and below. The sides of the brooch are rounded, and join at the top where there is a terminal in the form of an animal head. This has an 'ear' and 'eye', the eye being represented by a small raised boss with circumferential rib. The pin is missing, with just it's attachment loop wrapped round the neck. Openwork dragonesque brooches do not seem to be common. Others on the database include NCL-3EABC0, YORYM-586481 and YORYM-6EF031.

WAW-D00A25: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, Western Group), cf. Mackreth 2011, 5.a2. Plate 49) brooch, of Roman dating (80-120 AD). Approximately 50% of the brooch is present consisting of the bow, parts of the wings and the spring casing. The pin, spring, foot and catch plate are missing. In plan, the brooch is almost T-shaped, and D-shaped in cross section. The bow head is hump-like, and angular (comma shaped) in profile, with cylindral wings projecting from either side at the top. The bow is decorated by a central vertical rib. Each of the wings has a sub circular wing cap, with a perforation for the spring. A groove is present, as decoration close to the end of the wings. The left wing is incomplete. The base of a hook pointing forwards, is located at the head of the brooch, this originally would have held part of the spring. The back of the brooch is plain and undecorated. A cylindral groove is present along the length of the back, between the two wings and would have originally held the coiled spring. The brooch measures 18.73mm in length, 21.59mm wide and 8.88mm thick. It weighs 3.8 grams. The brooch is a mid green to light brown colour, and has an even surface patina. The patina has however been abraded from a couple of areas, mainly the vertical rib and the top of the wing caps. Colchester derivatives (Polden Hill style) brooches are one of the most frequently encountered roman brooch types, with examples being recorded from the majority of England and Wales. Hattatt (2004) illustrated several examples of this style of brooch on page 300, figure 159, in particular #26 from London. All Colchester derivative (Polden Hill styles) brooches are considered to date from c.75 AD to c.175 AD. Reference: Hattatt, R. (2000) A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches. Oxbow Books, Oxford.

SWYOR-D04567: BROOCH
Part of a cast, copper alloy Roman brooch probably of the bow and fantail type, dating from 50-150AD. Only the lower half of the bow survives. The fan-shaped foot is incised with a border which closely follows the edge, creating a narrow, raised rim. In the centre is a rectangular decorated panel. This is divided into central lozenge shaped cells and triangular cells at the edge. The three lozenges shaped cells are filled with faded and decayed enamel. The outer cells are filled with red enamel. The catchplate survives behind. Reference: Hattat, Visual Catalogue, figure 174, number 74. Compare also SWYOR-0A89D3, YORYM-3AF3F0 and FAKL-CF86F1.

WAW-02CF21: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman brooch. The wings are semi-cylindrical and terminate with incomplete perforated wing caps. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are decorated with an obliquely angled groove. The bowhead is only slightly hump-like in profile and is a wide sub-'W' in section. The central ridge atthe upper edge is perforated which holds a fragment of the copper alloy chord in place. The 'W' shaped section continues down the bow, but only a fragment of the bow remains before it is broken. The break is probably recent. The surface of the brooch has traces of an abraded grey/green patina, otherwise the surface is covered with a white metal alloy wash. It measures 16.44mm long, 21.11mm wide across the wings and weighs 4.7g. Hattat (Hattat, R 1985 Iron Age and Roman Brooches Oxbow) illustrates a similar brooch, No. 376. Bayley and Butcher (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 160) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands.

WILT-3B5DA8: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy Roman (AD 50-150) T-shape brooch of the enamelled type, missing the lower bow and catchplate, the shank of the pin and the enamel decoration. It measures 35.68mm in length and weighs 4.02g. The wings are tubular with a hinged pin (only the head survives) and span 19.10mm. A groove flanks each open end of the wings, with another at the centre, to the front only. The bow is flat and 9.02mm wide where it extends almost vertically from the top of the wings. The width is inclusive of a c.2mm flange stepped downwards on either side. From the top of the bow projects a flat circular tab 3.92mm in diameter. The upper bow is decorated with three lozenge-shaped cells which would once have held enamel. This diminish in size as the bow narrows, to 5.96mm. Below is a small part of the lower catchplate which further narrows to 3.02mm wide at the (old) break, just at the top of the (mostly) missing catchplate. To the reverse the upper bow is slightly hollowed. This brooch type has a south-western spread (though has been found as far afield as Kent, Suffolk and the Channel Islands) and dates from the second half of the first century to the first half of the second century. The south-western T-shaped group further developed to incorporate elements from the Polden Hill, Trumpet and Headstud brooches. The integrally cast tab on the headloop was not always pierced, where it occurs, and therefore was not essentially functional (Bayley and Butcher, 2004, p.167).

LEIC-3DA2F7: BROOCH
Late Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. The brooch is being recorded from an illustration and is noted as being silvered, with the centre being gilded around the central knop. The illustration shows a zig zag border made up of two rows of triangles.

BERK-3EF986: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman 'umbonate' brooch, having traces of blue and red enamelling surviving in the multiple triangular cells that decorate the brooch in two circumferential tiers. The remains of a chain loop survives and this brooch may have had knops at four intervals around the outside; A fragment of pin survives but the catchplate is missing. This type of brooch dates to the second century AD. Similar to Hattatt (2007) No 128 (fig 209).

LEIC-4E5E85: BROOCH
This is the foot of an early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The animal head design has very prominent eyes and the 'snout' is unusually broad and almost rectangular. Has been classified as Albergs Group II which makes this object from the early 6th century. Been recorded from an illustration on an identification record from 1989.

LEIC-4ECAE2: BROOCH
This is the head of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. Late 5th century to early 6th century AD. The knob at the top is missing (drawing of complete brooch) The silver inlay is very unusual. The silver appears to fold over the break was threaded through a hole drilled in the lower part of the bow. The silver is crimped wire rather than coiled. Being recorded from an illustraion on an identification record from 1996.

LEIC-4F1D25: BROOCH
Fish brooch with traces of blue enamel. Probably 2nd century. Recorded from an illustraion on an identification record rom 1987.

LEIC-4F3D07: BROOCH
Early Medieval copper alloy ansate brooch of Thorle Group VIII.A and Weetch type VIII.A. The brooch is rectangular in form and cross section. It has mirrored cruciform terminals, one of which is missing part of its central terminal. each part of this has rounded edges and is decorated with four ring in dot motifs, one on each arm and one centrally placed. Its slightly arched bow is plain except for a ridge running up its centre. The reverse of the two terminals house a transverse suspenion lug and a 'C' shaped hooked catchplate, Compare NCL-68A842 and YORYM-A0AA0D.

LEIC-4FF1B7: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy crescentric plate brooch, measurements not available. The brooch is decorated with enamel cells comprising of a central circular motif and outlying triangles. It has a spherical knop at the surviving point and its outer edge is toothed with a suspension loop at its centre. It has traces of hinge and catchplate. The brooch is of a similar style to hattatt fig 214, eg 605,1420

Middle Anglo-Saxon ansate brooch with plain bow and discoidal terminals with chip-carved decoration. Recorded from an illustration on an identification record from 1987.

This is a good example of a 'chatelaine' plate brooch. Probably imported into England from the continent and likely to be 2nd century. Similar to Hattatt figure 210 e.g. 1083. Recorded from an illustration on an identification record from 1987.

LEIC-50CB02: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch, 46mm long and 8mm wide. The brooch weighs 7.74grams, is in fair condition with a corroded surface and is incomplete. The brooch has a rounded head but is missing its spring and pin. Its decorated with a completely rounded acanthus scroll and has a long, damaged catchplate and is missing its foot.

Roman copper alloy penannular brooch, 31mm in diameter and 4mm thick. The brooch weighs 4.01grams and is in fair condition. It has a pointed pin with a loop which has at least one linear depression which is enclosed by a small collar. The brooch itself is sub circular in section and its terminals are decorated with a raised rectangle which has at least three linear depressions running across its surface.

Early medieval copper alloy brooch fragment, 32mm long, 8mm wide and 6mm thick, dating to the 5th or 6th century AD. The object is in fair condition and weighs 2.99g. It consists of the lower half of a cruciform or small long brooch which contains part of the curved bow and the upper part of the foot. The bow is worn and D-shaped or C-shaped in cross-section; the upper part of the foot has two squarish flat panels, one above the other, with perhaps bevelled edges or nicks in the edges. Below this are two broad transverse mouldings, then another flat area which appears to be the top of a terminal. There is no hint of a flare or an animal head to the terminal before the breaks at the bottom of the brooch. On the reverse is the catchplate, which runs from the base of the bow to behind the mouldings. This has lost its curl but is otherwise complete.

Roman copper alloy bow and fantail brooch, complete apart from coil and pin. The upper surface of the 'tail' is decorated by two incised traingles within a border of small dots. The brooch is in good condition, is 34mm long, 19mm wide, 10mm thick, and weighs 5.72g.

LEIC-568CA2: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands), cf. Mackreth 2011, 4.i2. Plate 48. The brooch is incomplete and in fair condition, is 27mm long, 21mm wide and 15mm thick, and weighs 10.14g.

Copper alloy object resembling the head of a Roman brooch. May be an incomplete brooch casting, or possibly casting waste? The object is in fair condition, is 11mm long, 15mm wide, 6mm thick and weighs 2.85g.

Roman, copper alloy hodhill brooch. Hinged top with a rectangular section which is slightly bowed, part of the catch is visible but the rest has broken off along with the brooch. Dated at 1-100AD. Decoration is a zig-zag style line in between two straight lines. The entire brooch is silvered.

SWYOR-A455B1: BROOCH
A copper alloy Roman crossbow brooch dating from about 320 - 400 AD. It is complete with the pin and catch plate still in place. The bow and the foot are about the same length as each other. The bow is decorated with V shaped moulding near the top, and a projecting flange near the bottom. The rest of the bow is trapezoidal in section. The foot a flat front face at the top and bottom, with a bevelled area between. The central area has two grooves along the central ridge. The flat areas are decorated with four ring and dot motifs on each area. The bottom end of the foot has four notches. The back of the foot is rounded giving the foot a D shaped section. The catchplate is the full length of the foot and is quite substantial. It is essentially a slot in the side of the foot into which the pin can be tucked. The wings are rectangular in section and are flat. The front edge is expanded forwards, with three ridges on the front of each. The wings are wider near the bow and taper towards the ends. There is an onion shaped knop with a ropework collar at each end of the wings, and a third similar knop but without a collar on the head of the brooch. This is a separate element riveted in place. The brooch has a hinged pin which is complete. It is circular in section. The brooch has a dark green patina with seems rather thin in places,a llowing bronze to show through. For a similar example see Hattatt 2000. A Visual Catalogue of Richard Hattatt's Ancient Brooches p. 369, no 1266.There are fewer than 200 crosssbow brooches recorded on the PAS database. Compare LANCUM-C07F08 and SWYOR-742103.

A copper alloy Roman brooch; a headstud type dating from 75 - 200 AD. The brooch is corroded and only the head survives. The bow is rectangular in section. The front is decorated with enamel, possibly in transverse lines, and a circular integral headstud. There are vertical grooves on the front of the wings. Behind them is a loop to hold the missing spring in place. There is also a broken forward pointing hook. The pin is missing. The rest of the brooch has a light green patina with possible traces of red enamel.

BH-FED188: BROOCH
A copper-alloy T-shaped brooch of Roman (probably late 1st to mid 2nd century) date, The head consists of a horizontally aligned cylinder (damaged) containing the iron axis bar and with a vertical slit at the centre, at which point the loop of the pin is attached. A single vertical groove decorates the end of each wing's upper surface. The now-bent bow is of semicircular cross section, gradually tapering to the squared-off foot. A beaded vertical ridge extends from the top of the bow to a point just above halfway down. The upper surface of the foot has a transverse ridge, located a short distance up from the bottom, and the closed catchplate is intact. The brooch measures 45.7mm long, 22.9mm wide (head) and weighs 6.2g.

SWYOR-1063F6: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy, Roman plate brooch of the umbonate type, dating from AD100-250. There is a central, slightly domed roundel decorated with two concentric circles of inwards pointing triangles, some of which retain traces of red enamel. There is an outer circle of 14 triangles, an inner circle of 14 smaller triangles, and a narrow, circular groove around the centre of the brooch. The central roundel is separated from the rim of the brooch by a broad, shallow groove. The brooch is damaged and large sections of the rim are missing on both sides, however, the projections for the chain loop, which is broken, and catch plate remain. The pin mount and a short section of copper alloy pin are beneath the chain loop. A section of the catch plate also remains. The brooch has a light green patina. It is 28.9mm long, 17.2mm wide and 8.4mm thick. It weighs 3.22gm. A very similar brooch is illustrated in Hattat, Visual Catalogue, figure 209, number 128.

WMID-CE4011: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 5, flat wing ends type, Western Group, Lower Severn Valley), Mackreth 2011, 5.b1. Plate 50. No. 1735. The brooch has semi-cylindrical wings (though one is missing) and moulded decoration on the head above the wings suggests that it is likely to be of Polden Hill type, dating from the late first to second century AD. The bow is slightly curved, narrowing as it extends towards the foot, though most of it is missing. The spring mechanism is also missing. The incomplete brooch measures 19.39 mm long, 19.56 mm wide at the wings, 7.49 mm thick at the head and weighs 3.7 grams. Incomplete and in fairly poor condition. The brooch has a very dark green patina.

HAMP-955FC8: BROOCH
Roman cast copper-alloy developed T-shaped brooch with hinged pin dating to c. AD 75-150. The pin is mostly missing. The brooch head has open-ended cylindrical wings, these hold the axis bar for the hinged pin. A white paste/cement is visible at the ends. There is a large transverse slot through the centre of the underside of the head, between the wings, where the remnants of the pin survive. The triangular copper alloy pin head is still in situ but the pin has broken off just behind the head. At the top of the head is a small rectangular tab with a broken, worn upper edge, possibly the remains of the head loop. The bow is triangular in section with a flat back,and a ridge running down the centre of the front. In the centre of the bow it expands into a flattened lozenge shape. This shape is decorated on the front with two indented triangles, arranged base to base, surrounded by a indented lozenge shaped border. These indents may have previously held enamel. The bow tapers gradually but consistently in width and thickness from the head to the plain rounded foot, apart from the central expansion. On the back is the remains of the trapezoid catchplate with a curved upper edge, straight lower edge, stepped in slightly from the foot. The outer side is thickened and would have been curled over to make the catch for the pin. Bailey and Butcher (2004:159) suggest the presence of a head loop indicates a date in the later first - early 2nd century AD (c75-150). Similar examples were found in excavations at Shepton Mallett (Mackreith 2001:190 fig 52) no.42-3, the former from a mid-2nd to mid-3rd century context has orange enamel surviving in the upper triangle. Examples on this database have been recorded in Wiltshire WILT-B08248 and WILT-A34EE4. Two similar examples are recorded by Hattatt (2000), nos. 918 and 919, one from East Anglia and one form Wiltshire.

An incomplete copper alloy Roman plate brooch, a conical umbonate type dating from the 2nd or early 3rd century. The brooch is circular with a conical centre and about two thirds of it survives. The centre is decorated with six radial triangular cells filled alternately with red and blue enamel. There is a groove round the base of the cone, and then a flat rim. Protruding from the edge of this are six or seven (four surviving) lobes, probably originally circular, but none survive complete. There each have a ring and dot motif, but are not enamelled. Traces of silvering survives on the plate and lugs. The reverse of the brooch is hollow. There is a double lug for the pin, with part of the copper alloy pin and the copper alloy axis bar surviving. Part of a suspension loop also survives, formed by piercing the lug in front of the pin lug. The metal has a dark brown patina. The brooch is similar to number 1063 on page 350 of Hattatt's Visual Catalogue, but a very close parallel is SWYOR-CFABD2.

WAW-E8AEB8: BROOCH
A slightly corroded and damaged cast copper-alloy Roman Trumpet brooch. The majority of the brooch survives, with the exception of the pin. The flared trumpet head is sub-circular with a flat lower surface from the centre of which protrudes a loop, a truncated oval in shape. The bow is D shaped as it emerges from the head. There are grooves between the bow and the head giving the latter a moulded quality. Above these grooves there is a pair of diagonal lines on the bow giving a 'V'.The brooch has a central moulding flanked by prominent transverse grooves and ridges, these latter formed of two conjoined semicircles. The 'button' is decorated within curvilinear mouldings at the top and base, two conjoined semicircles with the rounded sides in the field. The leg below has the same faceting and cross-section as the upper bow. It terminates in a prominent double knobbed terminal. On the lower surface the catch-plate survives very well the catchplate has small horiztonal incisions running down its length adjacent to the foot. The brooch is 48.75mm in length, 23.85mm in width, 4.25mm thick and weighs 9.6 grams.

NARC-B1CF06: BROOCH
A complete copper alloy penannular brooch. The frame is oval made from copper alloy ring hammered flat. the ends are turned back on themselves, making the terminals. The pin is a copper allloy wire hammered flat at one end and curled around the frame. There are some signs of vertical lines across part of the frame. A light green patina with some traces of the original brown surface. The pin is 37mm long. The frame is 3mm wide and 34mm in diameter. Fowler Type D.

SWYOR-8EB462: BROOCH
A copper alloy Late Iron Age or Early Roman brooch; a Nauheim derivative type dating from 25 - 100 AD. The brooch is made in one piece. It has a complete tapering pin with a spring of four turns and an internal chord. One of the turns has broken, but the two pieces are still joined. The bow is narrow and is rectangular in section. It tapers from 3.07mm wide at the head to a point at the foot. The restrained decoration consists of a double transverse groove at the head, and a matching motif at the top of the catchplate. The catchplate is sub triangular and is solid. Most of the turn over is missing. The brooch, which has been treated with wax, has a smooth yellow green patina.

NMS-3AD6B5: BROOCH
Part of the bow of a Cruciform brooch, flat D-sectioned, at one end a rectangular panel forming facets and decorated with two finely engraved transverse lines, in the centre a low square boss. Ancient breaks at both ends with some recent scuffing on the edges. Length >25mm. Width 21mm. The boss suggests Åberg 1926 Group IV.

Probably the foot of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch, dating from the Early Medieval period (around 400-600AD), most likely of Anglo-Saxon origin. It is 35.1mm long, 16.5mm wide, 3.66mm thick and weighs 5.85gm. At the top of the foot is a flat panel, which would have been at the bottom of the bow. The panel is undecorated but incomplete. Below this is a raised square panel, decorated with an incised X. The foot of the brooch curves outwards (due to post depositional damage) and has a terminal decorated with two transverse ridges. The ridges make it appear as if there are four indentations decorating the terminal, two small ones above the top ridge and two larger ones above the bottom ridge. They could be seen as zoomorphic decoration taking the form of an animal snout, probably a horse's head. Compare with LEIC-4E5E85.

A group of 1st century Roman dolphin brooches, similar to those in Hattatt's figure 157; e.g. 356, 358 and 18. From left to right on the first picture, the measurements are; Weight - 8.66g Thickness - 10mm Length - 46mm Weight - 3.68g Thickness - 5mm Length - 21mm Weight - 3.45g Thickness - 3mm Length - 14mm Left to right on the second picture, measurements are; Weight - 5.41g Thickness - 6mm Length - 47mm Weight - 9.36g Thickness - 5mm Length - 36mm Weight - 8.02g Thickness - 5m Length - 25mm

LEIC-78BFA1: BROOCH
A Roman copper alloy knee brooch, similar to Hattatt's figure 194 e.g. 478

LEIC-78E301: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy hodhill brooch. Very similar to Hattatt's figure 181, e.g. 323 and 324. The object has upper and middle side lugs emerging from a central plate. The catch plate is still attatched to the brooch but no sign of the pin.

Roman copper alloy plate brooch, 27mm long and 3mm thick.The object is very similar to Hattatt's figure 223, e.g. 1207. The brooch is oval and has an inner oval frame which may have held enamel or a stone.

BERK-BCF8D7: BROOCH
A copper alloy incomplete Roman Ancissa brooch with its pin missing and half of one wing. head rolls forward to hold axis bar, now corroded in place. Threads flat on front 14.34mm wide. Upper bow is 7.8mm. Indent on head, pronounced curve, narrowing to 4.12mm wide.above lower bow. Lower bar narrows over 9mm to foot ends. Upper bow has central disc or raised knob with many transverse lines and a longitudinal groove either side. Known as "The Soldiers Brooch". 1st Century AD.

BERK-BD9426: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman Knee Brooch c. 2nd century AD. The brooch has tubular wings, a broken head-loop, and rounded knop at its foot; the pin and catchplate is missing. On the bow of the brooch is two rectangular panels which would once have held enamel, now missing.

NARC-CC9516: BROOCH
A headplate and partial bow fragment of a Great Square headed brooch. This zoomorphic style fits into Hines' Group X. The headplate is approximately 70% intact, with a partial area of the headplate frame and the majority of the headplate second panel in place. Approximately 50% of the bow remains. On the headplate, the decoration appears upside-down from how the brooch would have been worn. The head pateframe depicts an animal head with rounded ears; solid, circular eyes; a square nose decorated with vertical lines; and circular nostrils below. This head appears to be feline. Below this head is an inverted U-shaped frame, with angled corners. This frame is 3mm wide and decorated with a sequence of raised dots. At the central area of this frame is a raised square red glass inlay measuring 7mm x 7mm. The remaining inner frame is decorated with a sequence of angular shapes. The remaining rectangular area between the U-shaped frame and the bow is filed by an anthropomorphic face, with a triangular nose and large round eyes. The bow is 24mm wide and is broken at approximately 15mm from the headplate. Two sub-rectangular inset areas are seperated by a central vertical ridge. towards the top of this vertical ridge is a raised circular bezel, which is 4mm in diameter, and which was probably inlaid with red glass similar to the square one above. The reverse is corroded and the copper alloy is splitting. Towards the lower area of the headplate are two vertical scars of the hinge mechanism. Some iron staining around these scars suggest an iron pin. Similar can be found in "A New Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Great Square Headed Brooches", (plate 35a), found at Broughton Lodge, with the exception that the Broughton Lodge example has noglass inlay/garnet in the headplate rather than the square one in our example. Helen Geake has identified that the brooch has been heat affected, hence its dark appearance and splitting on the reverese. This suggests that it may have been buried in association with a cremation burial.

NCL-CF4101: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Colchester one piece brooch of the 1st century. The brooch is largely complete, missing the hinged pin and foot are missing. The arms are cylindrical and the tapering bow has a medial ridge with small incisions across it, creating small squares.

NCL-CF6786: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Colchester 2-piece brooch of 1st century date. The brooch has cylindrical arms with ribbed decoration, and the tapering bow features the same ribbed decoration across its width, though the top of the bow has been broken into three triangles with incised diagonal lines. The base of the catchplate remains, but the hinge pin is missing. The surface was silvered or tinned, with evidence for this from the arms and top of the bow.

NCL-D0A2A1: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy trumpet brooch of early Roman date (1st-2nd C. AD). Only the head and bow remain. The head is only partially complete, having been broken on the right hand side. The brooch is also missing the lower half of the bow and the spring pin. The bow is decorated with confronted acanthus leaves in the full round.

LIN-F6FCA3: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy headstud brooch dating to the early Roman period. The brooch has flat rectangular wings decorated with vertical grooves. Behind the wings is a circular cover containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The upper part of the pin survives. At the top of the bow there is an incomplete chain loop. Below the loop is a moulded circular stud decorated with a cross of reserved metal. The quarter-cells probably once contained enamel. The bow is comma-shaped in profile and slightly D-shaped in cross-section. The bow is decorated with a central line of pellets, with vertical lines to either side. The foot is flat, half rounded and has a series of collars above. The catchplate is intact.

NCL-FC3F36: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Colchester-derivative of the 1st century. The brooch is largely complete, missing only the hinge pin and most of the catchplate. The cylindrical arms are undecorated, as is the tapering bow. The foot has a small rectangular notch to separate it from the bow, and retains the base of the catchplate. There is some wear/corrosion in the mid-bow that may have resulted from something being tied around the bow.

NCL-FC6003: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy plate brooch of the 3rd-4th centuries. The brooch is largely complete, missing only the hinge pin. The plate is oval-shaped with an outer frame containing alternating 'rectangles' of black and blue enamel. A central oval cell is missing its enamel. On the undecorated reverse, a single lug functions as the anchor and hinge for the pin, and a small projecting plate, J-shaped in section functioned as the catchplate. This form probably dates to the 3rd or 4th centuries, though it may be earlier.

LEIC-0EA8D3: BROOCH
A copper alloy zoomorphic terminal from an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The tip of the terminal is in the form of a flattened, almost circular 'snout'. Behind this the head broadens out slightly with two circular eyes at the lateral edges. Behind the eyes the head narrows again with two raised lateral bands across the neck. Behind this the terminal has a rough, patinated break. No traces remain of a pin or catchplate. The object is in fair condition, is 41mm long, 7mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 4.66g

LEIC-144FA7: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon copper alloy small long brooch, head plate & part of bow surviving with traces of corroded iron pin. Linear & Ring & dot decoration. The object is in fair condition, is 33mm long, 21mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 5.65g.

Roman copper alloy trumpet Brooch with waist knob between Acanthus leaves. Complete apart from coil and pin. The object is in fair condition, is 55mm long, 17mm wide,30mm thick and weighs 20.71g.

LEIC-29F8A4: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy Colchester brooch, pin and catchplate missing. The object is in poor, incomplete condition, is 49mm long, 16mm wide, 20mm thick, and weighs 7.52g.

Roman headstud brooch in good condition with only catchplate missing. Enamelled compartments on bow. The object is in fair condition, is 52mm long, 16mm wide, 40mm thick and weighs 13.70g.

Tinned copper alloy Roman dolphin brooch with spring & pin missing. The object is in good condition, is 66mm long, 31mm wide, 18mm thick and weighs 12.40g.

LEIC-3E47D6: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow & fantail brooch decorated with red enamel. Collingwood & Richmond type X. The object is in good condition but missing its coil and pin. It is 42mm long, 25mmwide, 10mm thick and weighs 10.58g.

Foot of copper alloy Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The object is in poor condition, is 45mm long, 24mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 11.81g.

ESS-4B9A42: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy small-long brooch. The brooch is damaged and incomplete with only the head and upper part of the bow surviving. The head is rectangular with three ring-and dot motifs. The reverse of the head has an integrally cast lug surrounded by iron corrosion from the (now missing) pin. The bow is arched and has a shallow triangular cross section. Weight: 6.1g Length: 25.14mm Width of head 17.93mm Width of bow 6.42mm.

BERK-5046E0: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy annular brooch with recess for the pin bar. The brooch has six collets, three of which contain a white paste. Thje brooch is worn and the pin is missing. The brooch is plain on the reverse. This style of brooch dates from the 13th to 14th century. A simialr example, although with 8 collets, can be seen in Read (2001) p103 no. 805.

A fragment of a cast copper alloy Roman Colchester derivative Polden Hill brooch (flat wing ends type, Western Group) dating from the 1st to 2nd centirues AD. The brooch fragment consists only of the head and the upper part of the bow. The head of the brooch has wings that has volute moulding flanked by fine ribs (Hattatt 1985:82). The top of the bow has grooved mouldings running down the spine. The terminals of the wings would have been enclosed and a small hole would have enabled the pin spring to pass through. On the head of the brooch the perforated lug that would have held some of the spring is intact, althoughno trace of the pin or spring survives. Same as Hattatt (1985:84) No. 376.

LEIC-53E5C4: BROOCH
Roman enamelled boss disc brooch (umbonate type). The object is in fair condition, is 30mm long, 24mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 5.31g.

LEIC-53F7B2: BROOCH
Roman Aucissa brooch with pin and foot missing, with traces of tinning. The object is in fair condition, is 26mm long, 14mm wide, 3mm thick and weighs 2.72g.

Roman copper alloy headstud brooch with coil, pin & foot missing. The object is in fair condition, is 20mm long, 25mm wide, 12mm thick and weighs 7.02g.

Head of Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch. The object is in fair condition, is 18mm long, 11mm wide, 11mm thick and weighs3.30g

Roman copper alloy bow brooch, a Colchester derivative, Harlow brooch dating to the first century. The body of the brooch is circular in section, there is a ridge over the head, two flat wings and the remains of a large catchplate. There is a single loop at the back of the head which would have received the hinge, and simple linear decoration on the foot. The hinge and part of the catchplate are missing. The object is in fair condition with a dark green patina. It is 44mm long, 11mm wide at the wings and 19mm thick and weighs 7.29g.

WAW-6D7A44: BROOCH
Roman (c. AD 60 to 80) Aesica type brooch: The incomplete wings are semi-cylindrical with a central perforated lug. The outer face of the wings is decorated with a vertical groove. The bow head is an inverted trapezoid in plan, with a prominent central, vertical ridge which incorporated a perforated lug through which the chord is in place. The spring is coiled around the axis bar seven times, and the pin is complete. The upper portion of the bow has a circular perforation formed by the trapezoidal curved bow and a waisted backplate. The lower portion of the bow is an elongated trapezoid with the upper edge having a small rounded protrusion on the upper corners. This portion of the bow leads to the backplate of the bow. The lower portion of the bow is decorated with four linear strands formed by a column of small triangular cells. The reverse of this portion has a catchplate. The surface of the brooch has a mid grey-green patina and on the outer face there is an incomplete white alloy coating. The brooch measures 35.36mm long, 17.87mm wide across the wings, and weighs 11.7g. The brooch is a Roman Aesica type. Hattat (1982) illustrates a similar brooch No. 291 and dates them to the 1st century. Bayley and Butcher (2004) comments that Aesica type brooches were derived from continental thistle or rosette brooches and their findspots are concentrated in the Midlands and central southern England. Bayley, J. and Butcher, S., 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection London: Society of Antiquaries

SWYOR-6207A6: BROOCH
A large fragment of a cast, copper alloy Roman brooch, probably a Headstud type, dating from 75 - 200 AD. The brooch has broken at the shoulder: the head, the wings, pin mechanism and pin are all missing. The remainder of the bow is decorated with a broad central vertical groove, flanked by a narrower lateral groove on each side. At the shoulder, where the bow is broken, are three small, indented squares, one of which contains traces of dark blue enamel. There are two further squares immediately above the foot of the brooch; again, one of the squares contains traces of blue enamel. The central groove may originally have been divided into squares all the way along the bow. There is a circular foot, separated from the bow by a collar and a reel moulding. The solid catch plate remains in place and is complete. The brooch has a light green patina. It is 48.6mm long, 8.3mm wide and 17.1mm thick. It weighs 10.13gm. A similar example is illustrated in Hattatt, Visual Catalogue, figure 191, number 944.

A cast copper-alloy Roman T-shape brooch (later 1st to mid-2nd century AD). The brooch survives quite well, only having suffered some slight post-depositional damage and the loss of its pin. The head has sub-tubular wings, rounded above, angled below. They are decorated at their tips with four incised transverse lines creating three low ridges. There are possible remains of part of the axis bar in one of the wings; it would appear to be made from copper alloy. The pin is missing. The upper bow emerges from the wings initially at a width of c. 6.2mm before turning through around ninety degrees. From this high point 7.05mm) it narrows very slightly to 5.5mm at the foot. A hole has been drilled into the front of the head, presumably to receive a fixture (now missing); there is a perforation just beyond the high point also empty. The sides of the upper surface of the bow are also defined by longitudinal grooves facilitating a step down to the side. Beyond the hole described above the bow is decorated in a longitudinal recessed zone that goes down to the terminal. This is decorated with two slightly zig-zag longitudinal ridges. This decorative treatment can also be seen on Colchester type brooches (e.g. Hattatt 2000, 296; ref. 253). On the lower surface of the leg the web of the catch-plate extends for 20.6mm. This survives well with the fold side virtually intact, present on the thickened foot end of the catch-plate. The brooch has a fairly even mid-dark green patina with slight abrasion to the side and a small loss at one wing tip.

Roman copper alloy bow brooch, 22mm long, 22mm wide and 7mm thick. The object has semi-circular wings containing a spring. The bow is circular in section and has a ridge running down its upper surface. The bow has an eye like protrusion at either side formned of three raised curved lines.

Roman copper alloy brooch, Colchester derivative dating to the 1st century. The body of the brooch is sub-circular in section. The head is narrower and slightly flattened, with two flat wings and two loops, one of which is incomplete. The catchplate is incomplete and the hinge is missing. The object is in fair condition with a dark brown patina, and is 37mm long, 7m wide, 13mm thick and weighs 3.91g.

Roman copper alloy trumpet brooch head plate.

DUR-651997: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy part of a Roman bow brooch, 2nd century in date. It is incomplete, with the bow having broken before the foot, the headloop mostly missing and the pin broken. It is a hinged example and the top of the pin still remains, hinged on the axis bar enclosed inside the wings.

Copper alloy brooch bow, probably from a Roman crossbow brooch. The object is in fair condition, is 34mm long, 6mm wide, 16mm thick and weighs 6.71g.

LEIC-680ED4: BROOCH
Enameled copper alloy umbonate disc brooch with red & blue panels. The object is in fair condition, is 33mm long, 28mm wide, 11mm thick and weighs 9.38g.

Roman copper alloy Colchester derivative, rearhook brooch with pin & foot missing. The object is in fair condition, is 27mm long, 34mm wide, 30mm thick and weighs 9.38g.

Roman copper alloy Colchester derivative,hinged brooch with pin & foot missing. The object is in fair condition, is 22mm long, 24mm wide, 10mm thick and weighs 4.42g.

Head of a Roman copper alloy brooch?: hollow globular terminal, with protrusion. The object is in poor condition, is 30mm long, 15mm wide, 12mm thick and weighs 8.21g.

LEIC-68EA87: BROOCH
Head of a small copper alloy Roman bow brooch. The object is in extremely poor condition, is 10mm long, 15mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 2.71g.

Copper alloy brooch / pendant derived from a medieval English jetton (c. AD 1300 - 1400) rivetted onto double pronged fitting. The obverse of the jetton to which the brooch fitting is attached has a shield within a double border (outer border beaded) with at least two lions (a third central lion may be obscured by the brooch fitting). The reverse of the jetton which forms the face of the brooch has an elaborate eight-pointed cross and a central raised pellet corresponding to the central punch. Brooch pin missing. One prong curled round on itself to resemble a suspension loop. The object is in good condition, is 24mm diameter, 5mm thick and weighs 3.03g..

SUR-799DC7: BROOCH
A large fragment from a Roman disc brooch with a central conical projection which ends in a cup-like extension which contains a rivet for securing an inlay. Only a fragment of the external annular enamelled field remains. The hinge and pin are both missing.

SUR-7A39C7: BROOCH
A largely complete, but twisted Roman bow brooch of Langton Down type. The brooch has a strip bow with two central flutings which run the whole length, and thickened edges. The pin was of iron and is missing.

LEIC-7DDFE6: BROOCH
Parralel-sided flat section copper alloy Roman brooch of uncertain type with coil and pin missing. The object is in poor condition, is 43mm long, 9mm wide, 5mm thick and weighs 62.63g.

SUR-8F7A91: BROOCH
A fragment of a medieval annular brooch with originally four pyramidal collets; two survive. Each collet has a hollow for a glass setting. The annular frame has a triangular section.

A cast copper-alloy enamelled trumpet derivative bow brooch of Roman date. Only the head of the brooch survives, the lower part of the bow and pin mechanism both being missing. The head is flared and hollow for the pin mechanism, although this is now filled with iron corrosion. A broken lug for the pin is visible on the back of the head. The front of the head is decorated with cells for enamel, and blue and red enamel remains in some of these. The enamelled cells give the apearance of a beaked bird. This is possibly intended to depict a bird of prey, though it must be noted that this impression might be exaggerated by the fact that most of the bow is missing, and the apparent zoomorphic design might be unintentional. The remains of the brooch measure 21.28 mm long, 13.84 mm wide, 7.52 mm thick and weighs 3.3 grams. The brooch is likely to date from circa 75 AD to 125 AD.

Foot & catch-plate from large copper alloy Roman bow brooch, with triangular hole pierced in catchplate. The object is in fair condition, is 39mm long, 11mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 6.27g.

LEIC-92FEC7: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch bent double and corroded, with catchplate, pin and one arm missing. The object is in very poor condition, is 36mm long, 15mm wide, 6mm thick and weighs 5.18g.

Probably the central feature of a Roman disc brooch, consisting of a copper alloy disc with concentric cavities for enamel, with blue central enamel circle remaining. Projecting lug on one side may be part of bow. The object is in very poor condition, is 23mm long, 15mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 2.97g.

NMGW-6685EC: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Roman flat disc brooch (c. AD 75-300). The brooch is missing the pin. The body of the brooch is circular in plan and flat in profile (24.5mm in diameter, 2.1mm depth). Six peripheral knops (c. 3.7mm wide) decorate the outer circumference but all have been broken sometime in antiquity. The hinge mechanism is positioned on the reverse of the top knop, which is broken and missing appx. half of the height in an old break (surviving height is 7.7mm, 3.7mm wide). Directly across the plate is another knop which accommodates the catchplate on the reverse (surviving width 3.4mm, height 3.7mm). The disc is decorated with an outer band (2.5mm thick) incised with two thin lines around the circumference, and a single recessed band (4mm thick) likely once containing enamel surrounding a centrally perforated raised centre (6.9mm diameter; the hole is 2.2mm in diameter). The reverse is flat and undecorated. The object has a mid-green patina with a maximum length of 32mm, width 24.8mm, depth 5.4mm at the catchplate and weighs 5.22g. Brooches of this type have been classified as enamelled disc brooches with peripheral lugs in Hattatt 1987 p.170. Similar brooches are recorded on the PAS database: NMS-532C12, SUR-E3D7CD.

PUBLIC-A05132: BROOCH
A fragment of a Roman cast copper alloy bow brooch (circa 43-410). The foot, the terminal and the catch plate and the lower part of the bow are present. The foot comprises a small turned globular terminal. There is a triangular catchplate and the bow is rectangular with a hemispherical cross-section. There are two linear grooves along the length of the bow. The breaks are worn and the whole object is in fair condition with green patination. The object is 35.14mm long, 5.38mm wide, 1.97mm wide and weighs 3.12grammes.

NARC-A3B113: BROOCH
Small Hod Hill type cast copper alloy brooch with side lugs. First century AD. Only one part of the two-part hinge remains. The hinge is formed by the copper alloy being folded upwards and back on itself to create a hole for the axis bar to fit through. The bow is 6mm wide with a rectangular central area 16mm wide ending in circular lugs. The bow continues and terminates in a rounded foot. The bow below the rectangular panel curves ourwards slightly, although this is likely to be post-depositional damage rather than purposeful design. The reverse of the lower half of the bow has the narrow remains of the catchplate. 30mm long.

SWYOR-A48703: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast, copper alloy Roman brooch, possibly of the Polden Hill type, dating from 75-175AD. It consists of a short section of the bow, the head and a very small portion of the catch plate. A copper alloy pin bar and a fragment of the pin remain in place in the head. The remainder of the bow and catch plate, the foot, both wings and the pin are all missing. The remaining fragment has a dark brown patina. It is 27.8mm long, 12.7mm wide and 17,7mm thick. It weighs 10.51gm.

NMGW-A52DB7: BROOCH
Roman copper alloy bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5.b4, flat wing ends type, Western Group), of late 1st to early 2nd century AD date. The brooch is comparatively light and is near-complete but is distorted (with a distorted length of 63.3mm a depth of 16.8mm and a weight of 10.0g). The brooch employed a spring mechanism around a copper alloy axis bar and secured at the ends of the wings. The chord was tensioned above the head by a lug. The wing terminals are angled slightly inwards (and the wings have a width of 19.6mm). The fronts of the wings are decorated with vertical grooves. The bow is of rounded D-shaped section with straight sides converging towards the foot (with a width at the head of 6.6mm and a thickness of 5.0mm). The lug to tension the chord continues along the bow as a gradually weakening V-shaped rib, which has been enhanced with horizontal grooves below the head. The base of the rib is further defined with a V-shaped groove. No other decoration is evident on the bow. The catch-plate is as wide as the leg and arcs to the catch. The plate has openwork decoration comprising two geometric apertures. The position of the catch is defined by a linear groove on the external face. The foot is simple and pointed. Where the surface survives, the brooch has a pale green patina while the spring and pin have a dark green to brown patina.

WMID-DFD9B2: BROOCH
A cast gilded copper-alloy fragment of what may be an early medieval, Anglo-Saxon brooch or mount. The gilding and what appears to be chip carved decoration are, at any rate, suggestive of early medieval craftsmanship. It is possible that it is the top, bottom or the tip of the arms of an Anglo-Saxon bow brooch, although as the fragment is broken on three of its edges determining this with any certainty is difficult. The decorative field seems to consist of four elements, each set within the arms of a central cross. The design is geometric, with a quatrefoil with a ring and dot in each arm, in two diagonally opposing fields. The third field has a right angle which follows the line of the cross and three radiating crescents. The remaining, diagonally opposing, field is worn, although it seems likely it repeated the above design. The reverse is undecorated and there are no clear means of attachment. The object is clearly incomplete. It measures 27.75 mm long, 24.42 mm wide, 3.15 mm thick and weighs 7 grams.

LVPL-E2BBB1: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Birdlip or Beaked Bow type brooch, of Late Iron Age to Early Roman dating (50 BC to 50 AD). Approximately 25% of the brooch is present, consisting of part of the head / bow. The pin, catch plate and foot are missing. The head is an expanded trumpet like form, with a concave reverse to cover the spring, which is now missing. A prominent forward facing hook rises sharply from the surface of the bow. Two raised circular bosses are present above it, presumably to imitate eyes. Two transverse ribs are present above the circular bosses, probably to imitate eyebrows. The back of the bow has a prominent median arris or ridge down the surviving length of the bow. The brooch is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. The finder has treated it with an oil like substance, potentially to reduce the risk of active copper corrosion or 'bronze disease' from occurring. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the ploughsoil, has resulted in a loss of some of the surface detail, mainly on the prominent pronounced areas. It measures 27.33mm in length, 12.74mm wide and 23.94mm thick. It weighs 16.4 grams. Birdlip or 'beaked Bow' type brooches are typically Late Iron Age to Early Roman in date (50 BC to 50 AD) and are thought to be the British equivalent of the Flugelfibel type from the Rhine-Danube frontier. 52 examples have been recorded on the PAS database to date, with the majority of the distribution being focused on the South and East of the country. This find is one of 3 from Cheshire (with the other two being: LVPL-B472F5 and LVPL-971828) so is considered to be of Regional importance.

NCL-F4A9D6: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating to the sixth century. The arched bow is all that remains, with the head plate and foot missing. The bow has faceted corners, convex in front and concave behind. The are breakage cracks at the bottom of the bow.

DUR-F77784: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy and enamel Roman plate brooch, c.150-300 AD. It is circular in plan with slightly broken edges. On the front face is a triskele motif in relief with the field around filled in with blue enamel. The reverse is plain and flat with the remnants of the catchplate and pin mechanism. The pin is missing. Mackreth (2011) Brooches in Late Iron Age and Roman Britain : vol 1, p 156, plate 105, no. 10688.

NMS-01F393: BROOCH
Incomplete Roman gilded copper alloy bow brooch, pin, lower bow and foot missing. The axis bar is held with short tubular wings between which the spring is partly uncovered, being visible from the rear and from above. Shallow horizontal mouldings on the front of the head. On the gently tapering upper bow there are four longitudinal grooves, two in the centre flanked by two wider. All end at a horizontal groove. Below this the sides taper at the same angle to a distorted break. Wingspan 19mm. Extant length 34mm.This is perhaps a Langton Down / Hod Hill hybrid. c.43 - 75.

A cast copper alloy fragment of an annular brooch which has two collets remaining with a moulded possible crown inbetween each collet. Each collet is set with a white paste on each terminal. The collets project outwards at a slight angle. The moulded possible crowns also lean outwards slightly. Each terminal of the brooch is a broken edge which appears to have occurred recently. Otherwise the surface has a well developed, shiny dark green patina. It measures 25.94mm long, stands 11.84mm high and weighs 4.1g. Similar examples can be seen illustrated in Meols (Griffiths, D. Et al 2007 Meols: The Archaeology of the North Wirral Coast Oxford University School of Archaeology: Monograph 68 p.143), Nos. 1723 and 1723a. Evidence from excavated examples mentioned by Griffiths et al. (ibid. p.144) appears to suggest a mid 13th to 14th century date for this type of brooch.A more complete example is recorded on the database from Wiltshire: WILT-6EE935.

NARC-12D366: BROOCH
Incomplete cast copper alloy dolphin type brooch. The wings are incomplete with a hollow reverse and are 25mm wide. The bow is 9mm wide at the head and tapers down towards the break at 20mm long. There is a raised crest running down the centre of the bow. The bow is D-shaped in section.

NCL-1D90A3: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy penannular brooch fragment of the Roman or early post-Roman centuries (3rd-6th century AD). Only a portion of the frame remains, with moulded ribbed dicoration. The brooch is sub-circular in section and tapers slightly in down its length from one broken end to the other. The decoration and size of the frame suggests a later form of penannular, probably a zoomorphic type (for example, a Fowler type E or F), and a slightly tighter dating of late 4th-6th century can be suggested.

NMS-49A2A4: BROOCH
Fragment of Roman tinned copper alloy Colchester derivative brooch, Triple Hook type, hooks broken, spring missing, wings triple ribs between hooke, stump of broken sub rectangular-sectioned bow, lower part and foot missing. Surviving length 12mm. Width at wings 29mm. See Mackreth 2011, vol.1, 68-9, vol.2, 46, plate 43. c.120-150 AD.

NARC-3465E1: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy dolphin style Roman brooch. The wings are hollow on the reverse, 5mm high and 41mm wide. A fragment of the spring remains in place, precariously attached to the rearward lug. The wings have 4 vertaical grooves on each side. The bow is 11mm wide witha central ridge runnig vertically down the bow. Tapers down towards the foot and broken at 29mm long and 6mm wide. D-shaped in section.

LVPL-36C384: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy fantail brooch, of Roman dating (75 AD to 175 AD). The hinge pin is almost complete, the catchplate is medium size. There is a central boss, head loop and it has a dark green patina. Length: 41.44mm Width: 16.31mm Weight: 8.8 grams

WAW-65FDD6: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy Roman brooch, which is probably a T-shaped type. The brooch is incomplete. The wings are cylindircal, and has a central slot on the reverse to allow the pin to be hinged on the the axis bar within the wings. The pin is missing. The bow head is slightly hump-like and is sub-rectangular in section. The apex of the bow head is decorated with a ertical linear ridge. The bowhead continues to the bow and tapers to a broken edge below the appoximate midpoint. The break is not recent as the patina covers it. The lower portion of the bow is decorated with a moulded horizontal grooces anda rectangular cell below with traces of blue enamel remaining in the cell. The surface of the brooch has a mid to dark green patina. It measures 22.99mm long, 23.73mm wide and it weighs 4.9g. T-shaped brooches can be highly decorated with cells and enamel, others are less decorated. T-shaped brooches appear to be manufactured in the West Country (Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries p. 159) and are found in contexts date to c. 55 to 90

WAW-663CB2: BROOCH
A cast copper alloy annular brooch. In plan, the brooch frame is circular and in section it is a sub-rectangulae. The upper surface is decorated with moulded notches. The underside is undecorated. A small portion of the frame is a narrowed constriction to allow the pin to be hinged. The pin is missing. The frame has an abraded dark green patina. The brooch measures 26.96mm diameter and 2.58mm thick. It weighs 3g. Similar undecorated brooches are illustrated in Margeson (Margeson, S. 1993 Norwich Households; Medieval and Post Medieval Finds from Norwich Survey Excavations 1971-78. East Anglian Archaeology Report No. 58) Nos. 54 to 56. It is commented (Margeson: p.15) that these simplistic brooches were used as clothes' fastenings, and belt and purse fastenings from the 12th to 14th centuries. Egan and Pritchard (Egan and Pritchard 2002 Dress Accessories Boydell Press) illustrate very similar brooches, for example No. 1312 is decorated in a similar manner, but only on half of the frame, and No. 1315 is similar, but this has a semi-circular section. These brooches both date to the late 13th to mid 14th centuries.

ESS-70DC47: BROOCH
Incomplete Romancast copper alloy Colchester derivative (Dolphin) brooch. The wings are rectangular with a shallow 'C' shaped cross section; they are decorated with vertical mouldings which alternate between being plain and beaded. The bow has a wide and pronounced rib, giving the bow a trefoil cross section. There is a worn break across the bow. The sides of the bow have two punched circles at the point it joins with the wings. The pin, lower half of the bow and foot are missing. There is the remains of silvering or tinning in the recesses of the wings and to either side of the rib on the bow. It is 24.98mm long, 33.68mm wide across the wings, 6.47mm wide across the bow and weighs 10.40 grams.

Roman copper alloy Colchester brooch. The object is bent and in very poor condition with spring and catchplate missing. It is 70mm long, 9mm wide, 22mm thick and weighs 6.90g.

A cast, copper alloy Roman brooch of the Colchester type, dating from 25-60AD. The bow is narrow and tapers to a point, above which are the remains of a catch plate. There is a broad, lateral groove along the bow in which the remains of a pattern can be seen, though this is very corroded. On the shoulder of the brooch is a short, raised transverse ridge which continues on to the head. One of the wings is missing, but the other carries four turns of the spring and pin mechanism. A fragment of the pin remains in place. The brooch has a dark brown patina. It is 76mm long, 18.2mm wide and 27.9mm thick.It weighs 13.27gm. A similar brooch is illustrated in Hattat, Visual Catalogue, figure 155, number 14.

DUR-8A4741: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy trumpet brooch, c.75-175 AD. It is worn all over and incomplete. The headloop is broken, as is the pin (it was a hinged type). The head is the usual trumpet shape although it is quite thin. The bow has a circular cross section and widens towards the moulding at the waist, the moulding is a large raised curved ridge, with a smaller line above and below. The bow below the waist begins to narrow towards the foot but has broken before it reaches it.

LEIC-8A9B04: BROOCH
Medieval copper alloy annular brooch, 29mm in diameter and 2mm thick. teh object is in poor condition and weighs 3.92grams. The brooch has a pin recess, but there is no obvious decoration, except for a small patch of gilding.

PUBLIC-8D1437: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Roman Trumpet headed brooch with a lower zoomorphic plate decoration in the shape of a fly, c. 2nd century AD. The remains of the brooch consist of the entire shape of the fly and a simple catchplate on the reverse face with some enameling in a central panel; most of the original enameling, hinge mechanism and pin are missing. The form of the brooch consists of a small protruding knop for a head, followed by a small collar and sub-triangular body, which is divided into two symmetrical wings. The wings themselves are recessed and often filled with enamel, now missing; however, there are two smaller recessed cells in the centre of the fly's wings, one of which still contains most of its blue enamel. It measures 22.1 mm long, 15 mm wide, 5.5 mm thick and weighs 1.53 grams. The metal is of an even dark green patina. Cf. Hattatt 2007, Fig. 188, Nos. 88a, 975, 459, 1536, 974, 460.

LIN-9D2555: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy T-shaped brooch dating to the early Roman period. The brooch has cylindrical wings in cross-section and contains an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. The bow extends from the lower part of the wings and is D-shaped in cross-section. The bow is shallowly arched. The foot is missing.

A cast coppy-alloy foot fragment of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, dating to the 6th century. The horsehead terminal of the foot is all that remains, from the collar below a panel. The horsehead has two protrusions serving as eyes or ears on the upper 'head', with a flat snout bearing a rounded now and flared nostrils, which appear as semi-circular projects to the sides of the snout with circular perforations rather than the hooked variety. An incised line runs down each side of the snout. The underside is flat with an oblong concavity on the underside of the snout. At the very top of the reverse, near the abraded break is the base of a catchplate.

LIN-9D18E7: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy Hod Hill brooch dating to the early Roman period. The brooch has a rolled-over head. The pin and axis bar are missing. The bow is relatively flat and has three flutes between four vertical ribs. The foot is missing.

LIN-9D0155: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy One-Piece Colchester brooch dating to the early Roman period. The brooch has a comma shaped bow and flat rectangular wings. The spring is missing. At the top of the bow is an incomplete rearward hook.

LIN-9D0931: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy One-Piece Colchester brooch dating to the early Roman period. The brooch has a comma shaped bow and flat rectangular wings. The spring is missing. At the top of the bow is an incomplete rearward hook.

LIN-9D3E46: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy hinged dolphin brooch dating to the early Roman period. The wings are cylindrical in cross-section and contain an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is broken shortly after it leaves the head. The bow is comma shaped in profile, D-shaped in cross-section and tapers to the foot. The catchplate is broken.

NCL-9D4D54: BROOCH
A cast coppy-alloy head fragment of an Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch, dating to the late 5th-6th century. The head and bow of the brooch remain, though the pin and foot are missing. The head has a square plate, with softened corners. From each side and the top of the headplate are cast integral fan-shaped knobs. The reverse of the head has a centrally-placed single lug, incomplete, to take a hinged pin. The bow is gently carinated with worn, notched corners, below which is a double incised band at the top of the bow and a triple-incised band at the bottom of the bow. The bow also tapers in width from the top to the bottom where it connects with the foot.

LIN-9D7F85: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy sprung dolphin brooch dating to the early Roman period. The wings are semi-cylindrical in cross-section and are undecorated. The spring is missing. The bow is comma shaped in profile and oval in cross-section, tapering to the foot. The catchplate is broken.

NCL-9D9A03: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy Colchester two-piece brooch of early Roman date, AD 50-85. The brooch is largely complete, missing only the pin and catchplate. It has cylindrical arms with may have once had moulded ribbed or banded decoration, now very worn. The bow is triangular in section with a medial ridge lengthwise and tapers to a point. A small portion of the base of the catchplate remains on the reverse of the lower bow. A hinge pin base remains corroded in situ.

NCL-9DB3D5: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy T-shaped brooch of early Roman date, AD 69-100. The brooch is largely complete, missing only the pin and part of the catchplate. It has undecorated cylindrical arms, with a wire functioning as an axel and the base of a hinged pin visible on the reverse of the head. The bow is decorated with a boss-like thickening at the top and four rectangular cells across the width of the mid-bow. The bow tapers to a point with slight notch separating it from the foot. The base of the catchplate remains on the reverse of the lower bow.

LIN-9DBC86: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy hinged dolphin brooch dating to the early Roman period. The wings are cylindrical in cross-section and are undecorated. The pin is missing. The bow is comma shaped in profile and D-shaped in cross-section, tapering to the foot. The top of the bow is decorated with two raised ribs flanking a channel down the centre. The catchplate is broken.

LEIC-FAD475: BROOCH
Roman tinned copper alloy trumpet brooch, complete apart from iron coil and pin. The centre of the bow is decorated with three raised ribbed bands, in front of which it has two longitudinal lines and two pairs of lateral leaf-like projections between the bands and the head. The object is in good condition, is 58mm long, 14mm wide, 20mm thick and weighs 10.84g.

LIN-9FD954: BROOCH
An very worn and incomplete copper-alloy Hod Hill brooch. The head of the brooch is bent over and incomplete. The body of the brooch is incomplete around the perimeter; the surface is decorated with vertical flutes. The foot of the brooch is narrow and tapers to the foot.

LIN-A00AD5: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy Bow and Fantail brooch dating to the early Roman period. The brooch has cylindrical wings containing an axis bar for a hinged pin. The pin is missing. At the top is an incomplete chain loop. The bow is arched and has a worn circular boss in the centre. The foot is flat, triangular and extremely worn.

LIN-A018D7: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy sprung dolphin brooch. The brooch has semi-cylindrical wings in cross-section; the spring and pin are missing. The bow, of which only the upper part survives, is D-shaped in cross-section and tapers to the break.

LIN-A02800: BROOCH
Foot from an early Roman colchester brooch. The bow face is flat, gently curved and has a slender catchplate.

LIN-A03154: BROOCH
Foot from an early Roman brooch such as a Dolphin or Trumpet brooch. The bow face is flat, gently curved and has a slender catchplate. The foot has a narrow ledge.

LIN-A05C23: BROOCH
A British enamelled umbonate brooch. The brooch is circular but has a damaged perimeter. The peripheral lugs are missing. The centre of the brooch is domed and has a rosette of four cells and roses to a small knob. The outer ring, separated by a groove, has eleven scale-shaped cells. Blue enamel survives in the outer cells only. A damaged pin lug is visible on the reverse.

LIN-A06EC4: BROOCH
A copper-alloy pin from a Roman brooch. The pin is oval in cross-section and has an offset loop at one end.

LIN-A08913: BROOCH
A British enamelled disc brooch. The brooch is circular in plan, flat and decorated with five circular cells of reserved metal around a central circular cell. Each cell contains a central pellet of reserve metal, and a band of white enamel around it. The field outside the cells is filled with blue enamel. A damaged pin lug and catchplate are visible on the reverse.

HAMP-A0AFA1: BROOCH
A damaged 2nd-century cast copper-alloy enamelled Roman plate brooch. The brooch is a crescent shape with one extant knopped terminal. The upper surface features two fields of enamel, one blue and the other in red, divided by a curved partition. The smaller, internal field runs along around three quarters of the internal curve. The flat reverse features a catch-plate and perforated pin lug at opposite points; the pin has been lost. The outer edge of the brooch has been struck, resulting in abrasions and a piercing. The terminals have been bent, respectively upwards and downwards; enamel has been lost. The brooch has a dark green patina. For a close parallel see Hattatt (2000, 358; ref. 1146).

NCL-A0BF40: BROOCH
A cast, copper-alloy headstud brooch of the early Roman period, dating AD 70 and AD 120. The brooch is incomplete, missing the pin, lower bow, and catchplate. The head has rectangular arms, each of which bears a pair of circular cells set within an oval cell and containing enamel. The circles are filled with yellow enamel and sit within blue enamel. The top of the bow has a raised collar and sunken cone within the collar to take the missing headstud, which was probably a second piece that possibly also contained enamel. The metal is dark brown with intermittent green patches on the head.

NCL-A0F186: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy trumpet headed brooch of the Roman period, c. AD 75 to AD 200. The brooch is missing the pin and much of the head and bow are corroded and worn. The flaring head is incomplete, and the detail of the moulded decoration on the centre of the bow is obscured by wear and corrosion. The lower half of the bow has a more pronounced ridge. The metal is dark in colour with intermittent patches of corrosion.

WMID-A12508: BROOCH
Large cast copper-alloy brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (Mackreth Group 4, flat wing ends type, West Midlands), Mackreth 2011, 4.b. Plate 46 of the Roman period, dating from circa AD80 to AD 120. The brooch is incomplete, missing the lower part of its bow and catchplate. The pin mechanism and pin are also missing. The wings are a hollow semicylindrical tube with pierced oval plates at each end. The head has a rearward projecting lug to hold the spring chord for the pin mechanism in place. There is slight moulding on the head above the rings, one of the defining characteristics of brooches of this type. A very slight ridge runs down the bow on the front. The beginning of the openwork catch plate protrudes from the reverse of the bow, but most of it is missing. The brooch measures 40.62 mm long, 32.2 mm wide, 15.98 mm thick and weighs 18.5 grams. It has a worn, rough dark green patina.

NCL-A16CB5: BROOCH
A cast, copper-alloy oval brooch of Viking association, dating from the late 8th to the 10th century. The brooch is sub-circular/oval in plan, and domed. The brooch is decorated with five oval-shaped bosses with a collar and a circular collared boss at the peak of the dome. Between the bosses and near the lower edge are raised dots. The field in which these bosses are set also has moulded interlace or scroll decoration, but this is obscured by wear and corrosion. There is a lower border decorated with small concave circles. One edge has a sub-circular protrusion from one end, bearing another oval-shaped boss with collar. A second protrustion opposite this first one may be part of the pin mechanism, but damage makes this uncertain. There is a possible third protrusion set approximately 90 degrees from the other two, but again damage makes this uncertain. Part of the brooch is broken and missing. The remaining brooch has been well preserved and is a mixture of green and brown metal. For a parallel see Campbell-Graham, J. (1980) Viking Artefacts, London: British Museum, page 27, plate 108.

SWYOR-C75665: BROOCH
A cast, copper alloy brooch of the Roman Thealby Mine type (with the pin still attached), dating from 100-200AD. It is 62.25mm long, 18.94mm wide, 20.26mm thick and weighs 21.83gm. It has a circular foot measuring 8.44mm in diameter, the side of which is decorated with a zig-zag line. The catch plate is still attached. There is no decoration on the bow, which ends with chunky, angular wings, which are both decorated with two parallel lines running across their sides.The chain loop is attached to the head via a small rectangular protrusion which is decorated with a series of lines running vertically down its length. The pin is held in place with a copper alloy axis bar, and is still moveable. The entire object has a green patina. Compare with Hattatt's Visual Catalogue Fig.192 Ref 1527.

SWYOR-C7B4C6: BROOCH
An incomplete cast, copper alloy brooch of the Roman Colchester one piece type, dating to between 25 - 60AD. It is 45.19mm long, 11.33mm wide, 18.51mm thick and weighs 4.97gm The catch plate of the brooch is almost entirely missing, however, the bow begins to flatten towards the foot. There is no decoration on the bow, which ends with flat rectangular wings. Part of the spring remains, but most is missing. There is an incomplete rearward hook at the top of the bow. It has a brown patina. Compare with Hattatt's Visual Catalogue Fig. 156 Ref. 1455.

SWYOR-C81543: BROOCH
An incomplete, cast, copper alloy brooch of Roman trumpet headed type, dating from the 2nd Century AD. It is 32.8mm long, 19.49mm wide, 8.14mm thick and weighs 5.74gm.The bow is broken above where the majority of the catch plate would have been and where it would originally have been curved; it has been flattened. We can seen the beginnings of the catch plate as the bow begins to take on a T shaped cross-section. Above the cross-section the bow is flattened, and expands into a lozenge shaped plate in the centre of the bow. This has a projecting knop on each side. Between these protrusions is a circular indentation, with a smaller circular indentation in the middle of it; it looks as if it could have had some form of decoration secured within it, or been enamelled. The bow ends with a trumpet head hiding a tubular head holding the copper alloy axis bar that secures what is left of the hinged pin in place. At the top of the bow is a small protrusion, which could have extended into a chain loop. The brooch has a green patina. Compare Hattatt's Visual Catalogue Fig. 188 Ref. 452 and DENO-8442A4.

SWYOR-C88C61: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast, copper alloy Roman Hod Hill brooch, dating to between 43 - 75AD. It is 17.27mm long, 17.04mm wide, 4.67mm thick and weighs 2.13gm. The bow has broken above where the catch plate would have been, and looks as if it could have been rectangular in shape. The main section is decorated with three raised ridges running vertically down the bow. There are two upper side lugs on the bow (one on each side) decorated with one raised ridge each. If it was not missing, a axis bar would have held the pin (also missing). It would have been contained within the end of the bow which is rolled forwards to form a tube. The brooch has a green patina. Compare Hattatt's visual catalogue Fig. 181 Ref. 322.

SWYOR-C8DC91: BROOCH
An incomplete cast, copper alloy Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) small-long brooch, dating to the 5th or 6th Century AD. It is 44.47mm long, 12.38mm wide, 13.63mm thick and weighs 6.14gm. The majority of the bow has broken off, but horizontal indented lines can be seen decorating the base of it. The foot of the brooch extends down from the bow until it flares out at the end. Between the bow and the foot is a raised area which is moulded, probably into zoomorphic heads. On the underside of the foot, just below the bow, is the catch plate. The brooch has a dark green patina and the breaks are patinated. Compare SF-EE56D1 and SWYOR-B8C944.

A fragment of a cast, copper alloy bow and fantail Roman brooch, dating to between 50 - 150AD. It is 17.04mm long, 15.02mm wide, 5.39mm thick and weighs 2.24gm. Only the foot of the brooch remains. It is triangular in shape and has a small section of the catch plate still attached to its back. From the bottom up, the foot is decorated with a horizontal line and a series of 4 triangles arranged 1 over 3. 3 of the triangles show signs of being filled in with an orange enamel, but the centre one is not recessed and was always metal. The metal of the brooch has a green patina. Compare Hattatt's visual catalogue Fig. 174 Ref. 818 and LIN-8BD562.

NCL-CAF500: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy headstud brooch of the early Roman period, c. 69-200. The brooch is fragmentary, with only the head remaining, and very corroded. The head is sub-rectangular with the base of a platform for a headloop remaining. A small stud sits atop the top of the bow, with tapers very dramatically to a break.

WMID-0C82A4: BROOCH
A worn and badly damaged fragment of a first to second century Roman bow brooch. The brooch is missing one of its wings and most of its bow. The remaining wing is hollow and semi-cylindrical in shape. The brooch fragment measures 12.06 mm long, 13.58 mm wide, 8.63 mm thick and weighs 2.5 grams. It has a worn green patina and suffers from corrosion.

WMID-0CD735: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy bow brooch of Polden Hill type dating from circa 80 to 120 AD. The brooch is largely complete, though it is missing its pin and much of its catch plate, as well as its (probably sprung) pin. The wings are semi-cylindrical and would originally have had pierced circular plates at each end. The brooch has moulded decoration on the head above the wings, along with a moulded central ridge and horizontal ribs on the side of the head. The brooch measures 52.93 mm long and 23.36 mm across at the wings. It weighs 16.4 grams. It has a largely worn green patina with very faint traces of tinning remaining.

A cast copper-alloy Roman bow brooch of Colchester derivative, Polden Hill (Mackreth 2011, Part 3, Group 5,a4, flat wing ends type, Western Group), dating from circa 50 to 100 AD. The brooch is largely complete, though it is missing its pin, much of its catch plate and the lower part of the bow, as well as its (probably sprung) pin. The wings are semi-cylindrical and would originally have had pierced circular plates at each end. The brooch has moulded decoration on the head above the wings, along with a moulded central ridge running down the top of the head. The brooch measures 42.6 mm long and 30.52 mm across at the wings. It weighs 21.6 grams. It has a largely worn rough green patina.

DUR-1CCE46: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Roman trumpet brooch, dating to c. 75- 175 AD. It is incomplete, having broken before the foot, and with the pin missing. The brooch was a sprung example, the loop on the reverse of the head would have held the axis bar on which the spring would have been. The head is the usual rounded trumpet shape. The bow has a circular cross section, widening at the waist for the moulding, a devolved acanthus. On the reverse of the bow at the waist, the start of the catchplate can be seen. The bow narrows again after the waist and is broken before the foot. The surface of the brooch is pitted and uneven due to corrosion. It is a light green colour with irregular patches

SWYOR-31DCA6: BROOCH
A cast, copper alloy, Roman disc brooch dating from 80-250AD. It is decorated with a large central annulet surrounded by a star of ten points, all within a narrow outer rim. Within each point of the star is a raised dot. The outer rim, the dots and the central annulet all carry traces of silvering. Traces of red enamel remain within the points of the star. The enamel in the area within the central annulet and between the star and the outer rim is missing. The reverse of the brooch carries the remains of a pin mount and catch plate, but the pin is missing. The brooch has a light green patina. It is 21.8mm in diameter and 3mm thick. It weighs 2.88gm. An identical brooch with a star of nine points is illustrated in Snape, Roman Brooches from North Britain, figure 2, number 10.7.