KENT-32EBB3: ADZE
An incomplete cast copper alloy adze of uncertain date. It is subrectangular in section and in plan and tapered in profile. The end tapers towards a bevelled edge and curves slightly downwards. There is a large oval perforation in the centre . From the perforation, the sides expand towards working edge. There is an old break, which runs at a 45 degree angle from the side of the adze near the upper part of the perforation towards the working edge. It is in fair condition, with a light green patina. It measures 59.22 mm L x 23.58 mm W x 7.75 mm TH x 15.98 mm DIA (of perforation) and weighs 37.39 g.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/464434

A copper alloy adze dating from the Roman period to the post medieval period. The object is sub-rectangular in plan with a square perforation. The object tapers to a point after the perforation. The object is thickest around the hole taper to a blade at the wider end. There is a slight bulge in plan around the hole. Part of a similar object has been recorded on the PAS database, KENT-32EBB3.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/575946

NCL-9F3A20: ADZE
Iron head of an Adze, heavily corroded, dating from any point in the Roman to Modern periods. In plan, the adze has a trapezoidal head with a projecting base. In profile the adze is triangular with a gentle curve. The projecting base that fits into a haft is subsquare in section while the main blade of the tool is rectangular in section. The edge is more extensively worn in one corner, and this wear combined with the curvature of the blade indicates that the user was probably right-handed.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/495034

LANCUM-C62D81: ADZE
A cast lead miniature adze of a probable Roman date. The adze is sub-triangular in plan and the cutting edge is slightly curved and has been damaged in antiquity. The opposite end is blunt and flat. The circular perforation is slightly off centre. Most of the object is coated in a light grey patina with light brown patches. Length: 20mm, thickness: 10mm, weight: 5mm.

SWYOR-A20C17: ADZE
Part of an iron blade possibly from a adze, although it is unusually flat, or perhaps a mattock. The tool is 143.47mm long, 97.85mm wide and 11.77mm thick. The sub-rectangular blade has a convex cutting edge which does not project to the sides. The opposite end is broken off, so the orientation of any socket is not known. The side near the break curve inwards. The uniformity of the metal suggests a post medieval date.

CORN-FF4101: ADZE
Stone adze, triangular in plan, lozenge-shaped in profile and oval in section. The adze is smaller and narrower than local examples, and the angle of the asymmetrical blade is steeper than on indigenous stone adzes. The adze is composed of a uniform fine-grained dark green rock with some patches of dark red mottling. Examination under a binocular microscope (x20-40) shows the rock to be slightly translucent with little textural detail or internal structure. Such textural detail as can be seen is suggestive a fine-grained volcanic ash. It is likely that the rock is not local to the south west as in this region such rocks would show some degree of metamorphic foliation (Roger Taylor pers comm - see report below). The adze may have been brought to Cornwall by miners or other workers who went out to countries like New Zealand and were given such tools as gifts or souvenirs by their hosts or colleagues.

DUR-DFD949: ADZE
A polished adze head, of unusual type and unknown origin. The polished adze or axe head is made of a dark grey-green, dense, probably volcanic, stone which has been ground and polished. The stone is possibly a type of greenstone called argillite, soft enough to shape yet durable in use.The object has an unusual profile, being quadrangular in shape with a wide, tapered flat form. There is a single curved bevel, the edge of which remains complete and sharp. The head tapers towards the 'pecked' butt which shows some damage, revealing the rough texture of the original stone. The object shows a marked resemblance to the Maori adze or 'toki' and is also similar to Pacific Island adze. These date from 1500-1800, known as 'pre-contact' in NZ history. There are similar objects on the New Zealand Museums DigitalNZ site where they are referred to as 'Pounamu. The site states that "Pounamu (greenstone) plays a very important role in Maori culture. It is considered a 'taonga' (treasure) and therefore protected under the Treaty of Waitangi. Pounamu taonga increase in 'mana' (prestige) as they pass from one generation to another. The most prized taonga are those with known histories going back many generations. These are believed to have their own mana and were often given as gifts to seal important agreements". This information was provided by Mr Brent Hopkins of Dunedin, NZ. Whilst a most unusual find if the object is indeed from the New World, it should be noted that the North-East of England has links with New Zealand from early in its history via Captain Cook and then the 68th Durham Light Infantry who fought in the New Zealand wars.

NARC-180DE7: ADZE
Part of an Early Neolithic greenstone adze blade, of sub-oval profile and lenticular section. The tool is polished on all surfaces, but has a number of damaged areas close to its edges, and is incomplete (the butt has broken away). Neither the blade edge nor the broken edge is still sharp. This adze fragment weighs 560g and measures 170mm in length, 101mm in width and 23.7mm in thickness. The complete tool would have been of considerable size. The stone is a blue-green colour and is likely to be a particular form of tuff known as 'greenstone', which has its source in Great Langdale (Lake District), Cumbria. Greenstone was particularly well-suited for the manufacture of polished axes and adzes,as well as rougher tools, and as a result greenstone objects were traded extensively across Great Britain and Ireland.

CORN-30D0E1: ADZE
Incomplete metagabbroic greenstone adze, which has been petrologically analysed by Dr. Roger Taylor as part of the Clodgy Moor Project. More than half of the adze remains, including the blade end, and the recorder cannot be sure from the broken butt end how long the adze originally was, but it is tapering towards the butt end. The adze is tear-shaped in plan and plano-convex in profile and in section. The distinct curvature of one side of the blade, while the other side is flat, suggests that the implement was used as an adze. There are several fresh breaks to the adze which have probably been caused by being struck by the plough. The greenstone is typical of that found in the west of Cornwall from known outcrops and contains pale felspars and dark amphibole inclusions (Dr. Roger Taylor pers comm - see notes). A similar example has been excavated from the Neolithic settlement at Carn Brea and is illustrated in Mercer (1981) on page 155, Fig.64, No.S6.

CORN-58D753: ADZE
Greenstone or epidiorite adze, tear-shaped in plan and plano-convex in profile and section. The distinct curvature of one side of the blade, while the other side is flat, suggests that the implement was used as an adze, for woodworking, rather than an axe. The greenstone is thermally metamorphosed from an aureole of Lands End granite, and has been used as it was formed rather than pecked and ground into shape, apart from the blade end which has been worked. The butt end has a granite vein running through it which stands proud of the greenstone which has recrystalised on either side of the vein as the granite heated up the greenstone around it (Roger Taylor pers comm). A similar example has been excavated from the Neolithic settlement at Carn Brea and is illustrated in Mercer (1981) on page 155, Fig.64, No.S6.

CORN-024454: ADZE
Incomplete greenstone (epidiorite) cushion macehead or shafthole adze, sub-oval in plan, tapering slightly towards the surviving end, and lozenge-shaped in profile and section. About half of the adze remains, including the blade end, and half of the shaft hole. Both ends would have been worked to form an edge which could have been used for chopping as well as hammering. The implement has been worked from a beach cobble and would have been collected from the coast. It would have then been pecked and ground into shape and the central hole bored by using sand and a drill. The shaft is 20 mm in diameter and is oval in plan and has a slight 'hour-glass' shape in profile suggesting that it has been drilled from both sides. This shape might have improved hafting, especially if the wooden haft was swollen once it was held in the centre. The surviving blade end of the macehead has been damaged through use, and there is a considerable area on one side that has eroded away over time. The source of the dolerite is to be found all around the findspot of this implement in the peridotite outcrop on the Lizard peninsula. The macehead was cored and thin sectioned by Dr. Jens Andersen of Camborne School of Mines so that its petrological group and potential source can be ascertained, under the auspices of the Southwest Implement Petrology Committee. The report by Dr. Roger Taylor of the Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter is below in the notes. Such implements have been found throughout Britain and there is some debate as to whether they were tools or had a symbolic function. A similar example, complete with evidence of a shaft, was found in the Bronze Age Bush Barrow in Wiltshire. Edmonds, Sheridan & Tipping (1992) illustrate a similar example of a cushion macehead from Creag na Caillich, Killin, in Perthshire, on page 107, Illustration 21, which is dated to c.2900-2300 BC. Clarke, Cowie & Foxon (1985) illustrate a similar example of a cushion macehead from Bloody Quoy, Orkney on page 256, Plate 7.19, No.51. Similar examples of cushion type maceheads in the Museum of London's collection, such as one from Mortlake (seen on-line), are dated to c.2500-2000 BC.

CORN-C0EC45: ADZE
Incomplete stone adze, tear-drop shaped in plan and section and triangular in profile, with angled sides that taper towards the butt end and widen towards the blade end. About half of the original tool survives, the sightly flanged blade end, while the longer but tapering butt end that would have been hafted is missing. The adze may have originally been about three times as long, judging from similar ethnographic parallels, in order to balance it with the wooden haft or handle. In profile the blade is plano-convex suggesting that the tool was used as an adze for carving and smoothing the wood rather than an axe for chopping. The adze is derived from coarse gabbroic greenstone with characteristic pitted weathering. The greenstone is typical of that found in the west of Cornwall from known outcrops and contains pale felspars and dark amphibole inclusions (Roger Taylor pers comm). Similar examples have been excavated from the Neolithic settlement at Carn Brea and are illustrated in Mercer (1981) on page 155, Fig.64, Nos.S6 & S11, but the only one identified as an 'adze' is illustrated in Thomas (1962) on page 104, Fig.24, G. Similar examples can be seen on the database from Paul parish: CORN-30D0E1 and CORN-FE8724.

WILT-EE83DB: ADZE
A polished stone miniature adze of Neolithic to Bronze Age date (c. 3500 - 2200 BC). The adze measures 52.04mm in length, 13.03mm in width at the butt end, widening to 23.77mm at the blade end, is 10.92mm thick at the butt end, widening to 15.03mm thick in the body, before tapering to 1.33mm at the blade end. It weighs 27.30g. The adze is thick butted with an asymmetric profile. The butt is squared off and has been flattened. One face has been ground and polished flat with the blade end sharply facetted to create the edge. The opposite face is convex with facetted mesal sides and a shallow triangular facet at the blade end to create the cutting edge. The blade is slightly curved, There are no obvious signs of wear. The stone is a green-grey colour and has a dense, coarse-grained structure. The flattened surface has a faint reddish tinge, possibly from iron staining. The stone is most likely of an ungrouped type, making it difficult to suggest a provenance. It has been suggested that the adze may have been hafted for use as a woodworking tool (M. Green, pers. comm.).

KENT-7B7B49: ADZE
A flint adze of Late Mesolithic to Early Neolithic date c.10,000-3501 BC. This implement is roughly rounded triangular in plan and asymetric crested (triangular) in cross-section. Its side view it is roughly pointed oval. In plan, the butt end is much narrower than the cutting edge. It has been knapped overall. The flint is med grey at the blade end fading to light grey along the adze and has off-white and creamy mottling along its length, some of which is cortex forming. The cutting edge is realtively fine, with minimal damage. The edge has been created using parralel retouch strikes, however there is possible small transvers flake taken off the top side of the blade. Measurements:160.56mm long, 57.19mm wide, 29.22mm thick. 390g

NMS-E23509: ADZE
Triangular-sectioned Neolithic part ground and polished adze of patinated mottled orange, grey and brown flint with only the very tip of the cutting edge ground to shape with two small recent chips, one to the tip of the cutting edge and the other to one side of this edge. This is the first flint adze to be recorded from this parish. A fine example. 159 x 48 x 19mm. c.4000 - c.2350 BC.

NMS-71449D: ADZE
Neolithic part polished adze of chert or poor quality flint now heavily patinated mottled white and light brown with some iron stained scrapes across the surface. The cutting edge appears to have been resharpened by direct percussion and left unpolished. 137 x 59 x 39 mm.

FAKL-353FAC: ADZE
Flaked flint adze made from a piece of a nodule, small area of cortex present, opaque, mixed grey flint with light recortincation. Flaked all over to produce a D shaped secton, rounded cutting edge on flat face of D. Length 93mm, Width 57mm, Thickness 32mm, Mass 227.0g

NMS-1CC105: ADZE
Neolithic flint adze. Longitudinal curve partially formed by a large scar from natural shatter flake pre-knapping, some partial polishing towards the curved blade, straight sides tapering twards the rounded butt. Differential patination with one face appearing dark grey / black and the other paler, cloudy grey. Neolithic, perhaps late Neolithic. Length 128mm. Maximum width 53mm. Maximum thickness 18mm.

CORN-AB58F1: ADZE
Broken blade end of an adze of gabbroic greenstone, sub-square in plan, and lozenge-shaped in profile and in section. About half of the original tool survives, as it is missing its longer but tapering butt end that would have been hafted. The adze may have originally been about three times as long, judging from similar ethnographic parallels, in order to balance it with the wooden haft or handle. In profile the blade is plano-convex, with a defined yet scooped edge, suggesting that the tool was used as an adze for carving and smoothing the wood rather than an axe for chopping. The ventral face is more ground but has a planar inclusion that is bordered by two ribs that form a lozenge shape, which appears to be natural and was perhaps, if it was a harder vein, why the tool is incomplete. The dorsal face is more pitted and has a 'skin' or layer of rock towards the butt end which has probably formed on the surface through weathering and spalling. The adze shape is due to this piece having been derived from a cobble, but most of the apparent pecking is due to weathering subsequent to the formation of the cobble. The adze is derived from gabbroic greenstone of the Group I classification. The fragment is penetrated by alteration veins. These have been weathered out to such an extent that it seems unlikely that this was ever a finished implement. The end that might have been the butt end is also very rounded and does not look as if it was a usage or manufacturing fracture. The greenstone is typical of that found in the west of Cornwall from known outcrops and contains pale felspars and dark amphibole inclusions. The source could be local or perhaps further to the east nearer St Ives (Dr Roger Taylor pers comm). A similar example has been excavated from the Neolithic settlement at Carn Brea and is illustrated in Mercer (1981) on page 155, Fig.64, No.S6, but the only one identified as an 'adze' is illustrated in Thomas (1962) on page 104, Fig.24, G.

SWYOR-BD78A1: ADZE
A Neolithic flint flaked adze dating from 4000 - 2200 BC. The adze (or asymetric axe) is formed on dark grey high quality flint which is not patinated and which has few inclusions. It is sub-recatngular, tapering from a cutting edge of 40.5mm wide, to a rounded butt of 18mm wide. The sides are straight apart from the corners of the cutting edge which taper slightly. In cross section, the axe has a pointed oval asymetrical shape, being flatter on one face than the other. It is invasivly worked with covering, scaled, semi-abrupt retouch, with smaller removals from the edges. It is 127.4mm long, 40.5mm wide and 19.9mm thick. 95.26g. There is no polishing.

NMS-CFEDAA: ADZE
Neolithic crude flint adze, made on a thermal fracture flake with part of the natural surace remaining on both faces. Partially polished at the cutting edge on both faces, cutting edge partially damaged. Originally grey flint now patinated mottled grey and white. with spotty iron stainaing. Measuring 143 x 49 x 23mm.

NMS-F4639E: ADZE
An attempted Neolithic adze, of off-white and pale grey patinated flint with some spotty iron stains to both faces. It is bifacially knapped with direct hard hammer percussion and is an advanced preform of sub-triangular section with a well defined cutting edge and no tranchet blow. A problem hinge was created by a small coarse patch on the left side of the dorsal face towards the butt, an attempt to remove this by using the hinge as a platform was a little too successful as it not only reomoved most of the hinge (a slight lip remains) but it created a broad outrepasse (over shot) flake and removed a good part of the right lateral edge, a few further small flake removals to the ventral face was to straighten up the edge profile and at this point the piece appears to have been abandoned.

CORN-9D3E43: ADZE
Blade fragment of a metagabbroic greenstone adze, with similarities to Group I type greenstone, semi-circular in plan and section and triangular in profile, with straight sides that widen slightly towards the blade end. About a third of the original tool survives, the blade end, while the longer but tapering butt end that would have been hafted is missing. The adze may have originally been about three times as long, judging from similar ethnographic parallels, in order to balance it with the wooden haft or handle. In profile the blade is plano-convex suggesting that the tool was used as an adze for carving and smoothing the wood rather than an axe for chopping. Report summary by SWIPG recorder Richard Hoskins: Incomplete greenstone adze. Face shape FS02 - Virtually symmetrical ovate; Cross section CS02 - Full oval, flattened sides; Edge shape ES04 - Curved, symmetrical; Profile P06 - Asymmetrical, thick; Blade section BS08 - Markedly asymmetrical. The butt end is missing, having been broken off in antiquity; the break is at right angles to the axis of the adze and appears to have been pecked flat, possibly to allow continued use of the tool. Similar examples of asymmetrical profiles have been excavated from the Neolithic settlement at Carn Brea and are illustrated in Mercer (1981) on page 155, fig.64, nos.S6 & S7, which are dated from c.3800-3300 BC, but the only implement from Carn Brea identified as an 'adze' is illustrated in Thomas (1962) on page 104, fig.24, G. Similar examples can be seen on the database from Sennen parish: CORN-C0EC45 and CORN-2E2FB8, and Paul parish: CORN-30D0E1.

DEV-1E4D40: ADZE
Prehistoric flint end scraper which has been re-used as an adze. Significant damage at the end of of the scraper suggests secondary use as an adze. (pers comm, Bruce Bradley 27/3/12). The flint is black in colour with small amounts of small grey flecks. The cortex still remains on a small proportion of the surface.

CORN-A4BBA4: ADZE
Incomplete gabbroic greenstone cushion macehead or shafthole adze, ovate in plan, tapering slightly towards the butt end, and lozenge-shaped in profile and section. Both ends would have been worked to form an edge which could have been used for chopping as well as hammering. The macehead probably originally from a beach cobble with little reshaping with a coarse surface texture mainly from weathering (Roger Taylor pers comm). It would have then been pecked and ground into shape and the central hole bored by using sand and a drill. The shaft hole is circular in plan and an 'hour-glass' shape in profile, and is 21 mm in diameter in the centre but expands to 31 mm at the edge, suggesting that it has been drilled from both sides. This shape might have improved hafting, especially if the wooden haft was swollen once it was held in the centre. The surviving blade end of the macehead has been damaged through use, and one recent edge fracture at the butt end, but the ragged edge on the side has resulted from fracturing during use, and then further erosion. The greenstone is typical of that found in the west of Cornwall from known outcrops and contains pale felspars and dark amphibole, probably hornblende, inclusions (Dr. Roger Taylor pers comm). Shafthole adzes may be related to cushion mace-heads in the same way that axe-hammers related to battle-axes, in both cases being larger and less well finished versions of specialized shafthole implements. The cushion mace-heads now have a few associations with Grooved Ware, especially at Barnhouse, Orkney (see Ann Clarke, 2005 in Colin Richards (ed), Dwelling among the Monuments: the Neolithic village of Barnhouse on pages 323-334. Macdonald Institute, Cambridge) (Fiona Roe pers comm). Similar examples of shafthole adzes from Cornwall have been recorded on to the database in CORN-024454, CORN-8CC3C2 and CORN-30EF13. Similar shafthole adzes from around the country are illustrated in Stone Axe Studies I, 1979, ed Clough & Cummins, on page 38, Fig 13. There are others from Cornwall in Stone Axe Studies II (Clough & Cummins, 1988): A shafthole adze from St. Merryn, Trevose Golf Links (794/Corn 190), now in the Royal Cornwall Musuem, was found in a supposed kitchen midden. Another damaged example came from English Island Carn, St. Martin's, Scilly (1823/Corn 418) and is said to have been found with flints and pottery that compares with that from Knackyboy Cairn and Halangy, so is perhaps Bronze Age in date. Other shafthole adzes that have been petrologically analysed from the county are listed on pages 143-148: 235/Corn 15, St Clear, Sibbyback Farm; 642/Corn 87, St Ives; 758/Corn 163, Roskestal, West Cliff; 893/Corn 220, Mawgan Porth, St Eval; 895/Corn 221, Davidstow, Wilsey Down. Edmonds, Sheridan & Tipping (1993) illustrate an example of a cushion macehead from Creag na Caillich, Killin, in Perthshire, on page 107, Illustration 21, which is dated from c.2900-2300 BC.

CORN-2E2FB8: ADZE
Blade fragment of a metabasic greenstone adze, semi-circular in plan and section and triangular in profile, with straight sides that widen slightly towards the blade end. About a third of the original tool survives, the blade end, while the longer but tapering butt end that would have been hafted is missing. The adze may have originally been about three times as long, judging from similar ethnographic parallels, in order to balance it with the wooden haft or handle. In profile the blade is plano-convex suggesting that the tool was used as an adze for carving and smoothing the wood rather than an axe for chopping. The adze is derived from coarse gabbroic greenstone with characteristic pitted weathering. The greenstone is typical of that found in the west of Cornwall from known outcrops and contains pale felspars and dark amphibole inclusions (Roger Taylor pers comm). Similar examples of asymmetrical profiles have been excavated from the Neolithic settlement at Carn Brea and are illustrated in Mercer (1981) on page 155, fig.64, nos.S6 & S7, which are dated from c.3800-3300 BC, but the only implement from Carn Brea identified as an 'adze' is illustrated in Thomas (1962) on page 104, fig.24, G. Similar examples can be seen on the database from Sennen parish: CORN-C0EC45 and Paul parish: CORN-30D0E1

KENT-90CE46: ADZE
A Neolithic knapped flint adze, dating to between (3500 BC - 2100 BC) The adze is ovoid in plan with a a lozenge cross section which becomes more rounded towards the butt. It has parallel sides, a slightly rounded butt and an angular almost riangular blade. The surface of the adze is covered in removals with scars and some impact ripples present where flakes were removed from the surface; it is possible there may be more recent damage, particularly at the butt end, but it is difficult to tell to what degree. The flaking is covering, moslty stepped (and some sparse scaled) and is angled crossed abrupt (where it is retouched along the point and parts of the edge) semi-abrupt and low angle both present on the body of the adze The point of the adze has clearly been extensivly reshaped and retouced after the main body of the adze had been shaped, seen in the abrupt change of shape at the point of the adze. The Adze is mostly a very dark brown with a light brown edge and some sparse patches of pale brown throughout. Measurements:113.88mm long, 46.88mm wide and 29.41mm thick and 174.78g

NARC-4BDA95: ADZE
A complete Neolithic adze (2700 BC - 2200 BC). The adze is bi-facially worked and sub-triangular in plan, with slightly concave sides. There are multiple flaking scars on both the dorsal and ventral sides. There is approximately 5% cortex still remaining on the upper face and narrow edge. The upper face of the object has a light grey colour, and a mottled dark grey colouring on the flatter underside. The condition of the flint is excellent, and is only slightly worn. The edges are still sharp. A similar artefact can be viewed at SUSS-275044. Recorded by Stephanie Smith, this tool is similar to 'Acheulian' handaxes of the Lower Palaeolithic, in that it is bifacially worked and roughly piriform in plan; however, its finely worked sub-oval cutting edge and elongated form, coupled with its asymmetrically bi-convex cross-section suggests a Neolithic date. Similar to adzes from the Neolithic period, this tool has one 'humped' or arched face with a flatter, albeit worked, opposite face. Dr Kevin Leahy comments: "Its asymmetry shows it to be, not an axe, but an adze and the presence of cortex around the point indicates that this was not the (functional) end. Adzes like these have been placed with Mesolithic TRANCHET AXEHEADs although they are atypical and lack a tranchet sharpening. My own feeling is that they belong with the rough flint work that we seen at the end of the Neolithic". (pers. comm. 3 June 2014).

NMS-86FF36: ADZE
Complete semi-hard hammer struck sub-triangular sectioned adze:- of light brown patinated flint with some small areas of spotty iron staining, mostly to the ventral face. The butt tapers to a slightly rounded point and the cutting edge is formed by flakes removed from the dorsal face towards the median ridge, one terminating in a slight hinge, this series of flake scars looks to be an attempt at resharpening and thus shortening the tool. Probably Neolithic as there is a lack of transverse sharpening flake on the cutting edge generally indicative of Mesolithic production.

NMS-64A922: ADZE
Elongated adze or pick, bifacially knapped with sub-triangular cross section with the flatter of the two faces forming the underside, broken in antiquity by a transverse bending fracture, plunging around to an oblique hinge termination on the underside near to the (now missing) cutting edge. The adze is patinated mottled dark orange, yellow and pale buff, the coarse inclusions (mostly near to the centre) being of the paler colour and mostly on the underside the flake scars have "stacked up" in hinges due to the hackly nature of these fractures. Only two areas have been damaged post deposition, there is a recent flake scar to the old break and a tiny chip to one side of the butt, these reveal that the flint was originally a mottled grey colour. This piece has been dated from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic, adzes where made during both of these periods, the difference being in the way the cutting edges are formed, although this is missing, it is more likely that this is of Neolithic origin due to the elongated and long butted proportions, reminiscent of the colossal "pick" from Francham: NMS-CD62D4, though without the cutting edge, it is difficult to be certain. 10,000 to 2350 BC.

NMS-3773EC: ADZE
Approximately half of an adze, the butt end is missing, broken transversely, this break is relatively recent and lacks the patination of the knapped surfaces: - of pale patinated, mottled grey flint with spotty iron stains to both faces. The dorsal face is well knapped to form a pronounced median ridge at the centreline, blending neatly into the angle of the cutting edge, the ventral face is much flatter, this gives the sub-triangular/D section and offset (towards the flatter face) cutting edge that defines an adze over an axe (Field et al. (1984) Type E). The edge itself appears to have a tranchet flake to the dorsal face, struck at 45 degrees to the axis of the adze, this could be seen as the defining feature of ones made during the Mesolithic period, though they tend to be quite roughly knapped, the overall flaking is much better than the average example from this period, so it is more likely that this is a later product from the Neolithic period, just that a tranchet flake was produced unintentionally while shaping the side of the wider end. Late Mesolithic (possibly) to Neolithic (likely), 7,000 to 2,350 BC.

SUR-DD6F65: ADZE
A Neolithic flaked flint adze, knapped from a grey flint, 156mm in length. The sides on the long axis of the tool are roughly parallel, tapering to rounded ends and with a lenticular cross section. The side profile is convex suggesting a function as an adze and the working edge is rounded but has been damaged. The flint has heavily recorticated with a white patina derived from prolonged deposition in calcareous sediments and there is also extensive post depositional iron staining.

NLM-528F42: ADZE
Brown flint possible adze fragment. Suggested date: possibly Neolithic, 4000-2350 BC Length: 22.1mm, Width: 36.2mm, Thickness: 15.1mm, Weight: 9.23gms

NLM-C213E3: ADZE
Pale grey and mottled flint, adze, as kindly suggested by the finder. A straight-sided rod with curved cutting edge and a narrower butt, formed from a nodule by covering hard hammer angled scalar retouch which has produced numerous deep and overlapping dished scars. One side may be ground or battered. The object is of irregular oval section. Suggested date: Neolithic, 4000-2350 BC Length: 114.6mm, Width: 43.3mm, Thickness: 36.5mm, Weight: 174.98gms

CORN-28A1C2: ADZE
A relatively worn blade end of a greenstone adzehead, of probable late Neolithic - early Bronze Age date, made from weathered greenstone meta-gabbro. Greenstones axe or adze heads were commonplace during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods in Cornwall. 'Greenstone' is actually a general archaeological term, rather than meaning a specific stone. It is commonly used to refer to any green-hued minerals that were used during the Prehistoric, to make tools, jewellery etc... To make matters even more complicated, various antiquarian literature in Cornwall calls this 'greenstone' by a different name, depending on the area it was found. There exists approximately 400 Prehistoric stone axes, known as Group 1 axes, whose stone was found to originate from quarries in Cornwall. Dimensions: Remaining length, 58.01mm, width, 63.91mm, thickness, 23.1mm. Weight: 113g.

CORN-BF2348: ADZE
A relatively worn, pitted adze head, of probable late Neolithic - early Bronze Age date, made from amphibolite schist. It is a light blue-green colour, and flares at its cutting edge. Interesting, this object shows signs of having been broken, and the blade subsequently re-worked. It appears to have originally been an adze, but its secondary use was as an axehead. Greenstones axe or adze heads were commonplace during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods in Cornwall. Due to depositional context of this find, and due to the relative proximity upstream of a Bronze Age-Iron Age settlement site, it has been ascribed to the broad period of 'Neolithic', although it may be early Bronze Age. Its depositional journey of fluvial processes, as well as the craftsmanship methodology behind greenstone tools likely account for its pitting. 'Greenstone' is actually a general archaeological term, rather than meaning a specific stone. It is commonly used to refer to any green-hued minerals that were used during the Prehistoric, to make tools, jewellery etc... To make matters even more complicated, various antiquarian literature in Cornwall calls this 'greenstone' by a different name, depending on the area it was found. There exists approximately 400 Prehistoric stone axes, known as Group 1 axes, whose stone was found to originate from quarries in Cornwall. Most, if not all, of these were made from blue Elvan. Weight: 226g. Dimensions: Length: 126mm Width (at widest point - the cutting edge): 55mm Width (at narrowest point): 2mm Average thickness: 10mm

NMS-75FD57: ADZE
Near complete Mesolithic to Neolithic adze. Grey mottled flint with thin chocolate brown patination, one patch of light coloured weathered cortex remaining on dorsal face. The object is triangular sectioned and in slightly rolled condition and appears to have been the sea for some time. Although largely undamaged there is part of the cutting edge missing so it is unclear if this is a tranchet axe of the Mesolithic period or an adze of the Neolithic period. The writer favours the latter. Dimnesions 125 x 47 x 25mm

CORN-71FA0B: ADZE
The blade end of a broken Neolithic stone adze. About a sixth of the original tool survives, the blade end, while the rest of the blade and the longer but tapering butt end that would have been hafted is missing. The adze may have originally been about six times as long, judging from similar ethnographic parallels, in order to balance it with the wooden haft or handle.The face of the implement appears to be oval in shape (TIP classification FS02) where it expands beyond the blade edge but would have then tapered towards the butt end, although its fragmentary nature makes it difficult to be certain. It is thin and slightly asymmetrical in profile (classification P04) and slightly plano-convex in cross-section (classification CS16) rather than a pointed oval (CS14). It has a curved, symmetrical cutting edge (classification ES04) although in section the blade is more markedly asymmetrical (BS08). The butt end has been broken off; the break is at a slight angle to the linear axis of the implement. In profile the blade is plano-convex suggesting that the tool was used as an adze for carving and smoothing the wood rather than an axe for chopping. The entire surface of the implement, including the broken surface, is deeply pitted and worn through weathering. The implement is of typical Neolithic adze form. The fragment is 38.5 mm long, 55 mm wide, 26.5 mm thick and 72.3 g in weight. Mercer et al (CA 20, 1981) illustrate 11 similar stone implements from the fortified Neolithic hill-top site at Carn Brea, on p.155, fig.64; all of these are axes, with the slightly asymmetrical blade of S6 being a fairly close parallel to the present example. The only implement from Carn Brea which was identified as an adze is illustrated in Thomas (1962) page 104, fig.24, G. Similar examples can be seen on the database from Sennen parish: CORN-C0EC45 and Paul parish: CORN-30D0E1

CORN-71E176: ADZE
The blade end of a broken Neolithic stone adze. The fragment represents less than half of the adze with the original length up to three times longer, judging from similar ethnographic parallels, in order to balance it with the wooden haft or handle attached to the opposite butt end.The adze appears to have straight parallel sides but it would have tapered towards the butt end (TIP classification FS07), an asymmetrical (plano-convex) profile of medium thickness (classification P05) and plano-convex in cross-section (classification CS16) with a curved, asymmetrical edge shape (ES05) and a markedly asymmetrical blade section (BS08). The butt end has been broken off; the break is almost perpendicular to the linear axis of the adze. The curvature of the blade and the profile of the fragment suggests that the implement was used as an adze for carving and smoothing the wood rather than an axe for chopping. The entire surface of the adze, including the broken surface, is deeply pitted and worn through weathering. The adze is of typical Neolithic form. The fragment is 55.5 mm long, 40 mm wide, 30.5 mm thick and 96.8 g in weight. An example of a narrow axe with an asymmetrical profile and parallel sides, excavated from the Neolithic settlement at Carn Brea, is illustrated in Mercer (1981) on page 155, fig.64, no.S6, which is dated from c.3800-3300 BC, but the only implement from Carn Brea identified as an 'adze' is illustrated in Thomas (1962) on page 104, fig.24, G. Similar examples can be seen on the database from Sennen parish: CORN-C0EC45 and Paul parish: CORN-30D0E1

CORN-E94802: ADZE
The butt end of a broken Neolithic stone adze. The fragment is 90 mm in length, 62.5 mm in width at its broken edge, tapering to 24 mm close to the butt end, 34.5 mm in thickness and 270.9 g in weight which represents approximately half the length of the original implement. The adze is sub-triangular in plan (TIP classification FS09), asymmetrical (isosceles right triangle) in profile (classification P04) and plano-convex in cross-section (classification CS16). The butt shape is rounded in plan and profile (classification BU11). The asymmetrical profile and plano-convex section suggest that the tool was used as an adze for carving and smoothing the wood rather than an axe for chopping.. The entire surface of the adze, including the broken face, is deeply pitted and worn through weathering. The adze is of typical Neolithic form. Mercer et al (1981) illustrate similar stone implements, in this case axes, from the fortified Neolithic hill-top site at Carn Brea, on p.155, fig.64, of which no.S6 is asymmetrical in profile, which is dated from c.3800-3300 BC. The only implement from Carn Brea which was definitely identified as an adze is illustrated in Thomas (1962) on page 104, fig.24, G.

LON-FF4673: ADZE
A Modern iron adze with maker's mark (18th century). The adze has a curved profile with a central rectangular, expanded socket for the haft. The blade expands from 34.5mm at the hafting socket to 54.5mm at the bevelled cutting edge. At the opposite end the adze thickens and the cross-section changes from rectangular to square at the butt. On the underside of the blade just before the hafting socket is a stamped maker's mark of the capital letter S beneath a pheon (arrowhead-shape). The iron is in good condition with no corrosion. Dimensions: length: 271mm; width: 5405mm; thickness: 29mm; weight: 1433.7g. Identification and dating by Tony Pilson based on foreshore context.

ESS-43E6D6: ADZE
Lithic impliment: Mesolithic tranchet adze, dating 9000 to 6000 BC. There have been suggestions that tranchet adze continued in use into the Neolithic, however there is no direct evidence for this. The adze is an elongated oval in plan with a lenticular cross section with pointed edges. In profile the adze is sub-rectangular with elongated pointed blade end. The blade end shows no evidence of wear, however the blade end of adze could be restruck to form a new cutting edge. The rough shape of the adze was created using a hard hammer to remove the outer cortex of a flint nodule (however a small amount of natural cortex survives at the butt end of this example). This roughout was then further shaped using covering removals. The sharpening flake was struck form the lateral edge of the adze near the blade of the adze to produce a sharp cutting edge. The surface of the adze is covered in removals with scars and some impact ripples present where flakes were removed from the surface. The implement was made from flint which is light grey in colour with small patches of light cream-grey. There is a slight grey patination forming on parts of the surface. There is an orange-brown stain towards the butt end, most likely due to the presence of iron within the soil. The adze is 138.66mm long, 49.37mm wide and 29.40mm thick. It weighs 241.59 grams. Reference: C Butler (2005) Prehistoric Flintwork, pages 99-103.

KENT-582C88: ADZE
Mesolithic Tranchet adze or Thames pick, of light grey and orange flint.

SUSS-644AA4: ADZE
Flint adze or pick, probably of Mesolithic date. The adze is knapped from flint with some cortex remaining at the butt end, covering c.20% of one side. It is sub-triangular in plan with straight tapering sides and a rounded blade and butt. In cross section it is also sub-triangular flattening to a pointed oval at the blade. One face is flat at the butt end where it is covered in cortex it has a convex curve through the remainder. The other has a pronounced central ridge which is particularly acute at the butt end then flattens at the blade. It has been shaped with large, shallow flakes struck from the edges. The sides are S shaped in profile. Both edges have areas of hackling and blunting damage with a particularly flattened area on one side about a third of the way along the edge from the butt end, possibly relating to hafting. The blade has been shaped into an almost hooked shape, convex on one face and concave on the other suggesing the tool was used as an adze or pick with the blade parallel to the surface to be cut rather than axe. It has been sharpened with flakes taken from the butt end, on one side this may include a large tranchet flake but there is modern damage (clearly identifiable due to it's unstained appearence) at the blade obscuring this. The adze is made from mottled pale-dark grey local flint. The surfaces are a mid-orange brown from iron staining with some weathering having smoothed the arises on one face. It is 151.3mm long; 60.3mm wide at the widest point, 52.6mm at blade, 27.2mm near blade; it is 31.4mm thick at centre and weighs 315 grams.

ESS-851F72: ADZE
Probably an unfinished Mesolithic adze. It is rectangular in plan with a sub-triangular cross section. Two of the sides are almost completely covered in natural brown cortex, which cointains some fossilised remains in the form of short, curved lines which are possibly from a sponge. The third side has had flakes removed from the surface in several different directions, many of which have left hinged or overshot terminations. The flint is dark grey-black in colour, with small patches of light grey. It is 113.97mm long, 40.85mm wide, 33.02mm thick and it weighs 228.77 grams.

ESS-046FF7: ADZE
Mesolithic flint adze dating from circa 8000-3500BC. The object is triangular in section and has roughly parallel sides. The cutting end is rounded and the proximal end is flat. A biface with some cortex remaining on the dorsal surface. Length 84.25mm, width 42.48mm, thickness 24.48mm, weight 108.1g.

LON-C70827: ADZE
A Mesolithic flint lithic implement: adze dating 8,300 - 4,500BC. This adze is a pointed oval in shape with a rounded distal end tapering to a blunt point at the butt/proximal end. There is a ridge running slightly off-centre down the middle of the dorsal surface. There is one small area of cortex remaining on the dorsal surface near the butt. There is a notch on the butt which is an original characteristic of the flint. The flint is mottled mid-pale grey and there is some modern damage and crushing. Dimensions: length: 124.17mm; width: 51.45mm; thickness: 35.41mm. Identification by Jon Cotton, Senior Prehistoric Curator Museum of London.

HAMP-5F7481: ADZE
A complete knapped flint adze or axe of Mesolithic date. Some cortex has been left at the butt end and extends up the centre of the lower surface of the tool, just over a third of the length. The upper surface has a high central ridge, bevelled to each side, and a steep, 'tranchet' removal at the blade end. The lower surface has a shallower central ridge, bevelled to each side, with longer, far more shallow, removals at the blade end. The sides are slightly wavy and battered but the removals are generally fairly crisp. The flint is a mottled light-grey colour with some darker and some cream patches.

ESS-98FF03: ADZE
Mezolithic knapped flint adze. The adze is sub-rectangular in plan with an almost triangular cross section, changing to a more lenticular cross section towards the blade end. The blade end is slightly damaged. The rough shape of the adze was created using a hard hammer to remove the outer cortex of a flint nodule. This roughout was then further shaped using covering removals. Further flakes were removed to narrow the adze and to create the cutting edge. The surface of the adze is covered in removals with scars and some impact ripples present where flakes were removed from the surface. The flint is light grey and the surface has some cream coloured repatination. It is 131.63mm long, 51.06mm wide, 35.05mm thick and weighs 263.41 grams.

ESS-35F9E7: ADZE
A complete flint Mesolithic adze. The axe is small (98mm long and 44mm wide). It is 21mm thick and weights 97.4g. It has parallel sides, a rounded distal end and flat proximal end. There is bifacial working. The dorsal surface retains some cortex. The two medial edges and the distal end have been retouched to form a cutting edge. It has a slightly curved, sub-triangular cross. The flint is dark grey with an orange/brown patination.

SWYOR-536696: ADZE
A flint adze dating from the Mesolithic period. See page 28 in Susan Palmer's Mesolithic cultures of Britain (1977) for a similar example. The square end is the cutting end. It has a length of 142.5mm, width 46.3mm, thickness 31.8mm and a weight of 207g.

LEIC-37B866: ADZE
Mesolithic flint bifacially worked adze, 150mm long, 41mm wide and 27mm thick.

A Mesolithic flint adze dating 9,000 - 4,000BC. There is extensive flake removal on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces. This adze has been worked so that it tapers from the broad, rounded distal end (width: 41.72mm) to the rounded butt (width: 22.27mm). The flake removals on the dorsal surface has created a ridge down the length of the adze along the midline. There is some later damage on the butt and both dorsal and ventral surfaces. The flint is dark grey, and mottled. Dimensions: length: 99.57mm; width: 41.72mm; thickness: 30.80mm; weight: 134.84g. Identification and illustration by Jon Cotton, Specialist in Prehistoric London.

FAKL-ADD3FF: ADZE
Mesolithic flint adze of 'Hassocks adze' type (Butler 2005, 103, Fig. 42.4). The adze was made from a flint nodule, its surfaces are now obscured by white recortication. An area of original cortex survives on one side and the flat face bears a cavity containing quartz crystals. Heavy flaking was carried out from the flat face producing a keeled section. Flaking has produced a narrowing around the mid point of the adze which is a feature of these implements. One end is pointed, the other, damaged in antiquity, was bifacially worked to produce an edge. Length 195mm, Width 59, Thickness 52mm, Mass 680.7g

FAKL-B2E038: ADZE
Mesolithic adze made from a flint nodule, cortex present on one one face, the other surfaces are bear light recortication covering an opaque, grey flint. . The general section is D shaped with one flat face which bears a heavier recortication and may, in part, be natural. Coarse flaking, struck from this face, covers the sides of the object and, at one end, is a rounded point, The other end of the object retains its original cortex. The central section of the adze is narrowed, presenting a slight waist. No parallels have been found for this object although it could be compared to the 'Hassocks adzes' (Barber 2004, 103, Fig. 42.4) and a Mesolithic date seems likely. Length 176mm, Width 57mm, Thickness 28mm, Mass 295.4g

SUSS-62F577: ADZE
A heavily worked down possible adze or axe of Late Mesolithic or Early Neolithic date. The piece demonstrates intense flaking on both faces with the use of hard and soft hammers visible. Heavily probably dorsal arrises are visible on both faces, while the cutting edge is slightly asymetrical in profile. A small amount of cortex is visible at the butt end of the axe. The blade has been reworked with direct removals that extend into the main body of the axe, while some trimming and re-shaping is visible down the sides of the piece. Measurements; Maximum length (mm): 65.85 Maximum width: 34.35 Thickness at midpoint: 27.77 Weight (g): 55.19 The axe measures 65.6mm long, 34.1mm wide 28.8mm thick and weighs 55.2 grams. Check find spot.

KENT-4480CB: ADZE
A flint adze of Late Mesolithic to Early Neolithic date c.10,000-3501 BC. This implement is roughly pointed oval in plan and sub-lozenge shaped in cross-section. In side view it is roughly pointed oval. In plan, the butt end is slightly narrower than the cutting edge. It has been knapped overall. The flint is It light grey and has off-white and creamy mottling along with some iron staining and concretion. The cutting edge is damaged as there are a number of small chips. The blade end is rectangular but there is no evidence of a transverse flake having been removed. Rather it has been sharpened by a series of parallel retouch strikes. The Adze is 139.4mm long, 51.1mm wide, 33.8mm thick and weighs 360grams.

WILT-FEE598: ADZE
A flint pick or adze of Mesolithic date (c. 10,000 - 4000 BC). The implement is lenticular in both profile and cross-section. One face is much flatter than the other. It has been knapped from a series of different angles on one face and retains c. 15% cortex on the same face. The opposite face exhibits limited evidence of flake removal. The flint is a milky mottled light grey in colour with evidence of recortication heavier on one face. The implement measures 114.36mm in length, 51.93mm maximum width, 32.93mm minimum width, 36.74mm maximum thickness, 13.56mm minimum thickness and weighs 197.25

SUSS-67EF94: ADZE
An incomplete and partially knapped Mesolithic flint object, probably an adze, but possibly a large core (c. 8300-3500 BC). The remains of the object consist of what looks like the butt-end of an adze and possibly a third to a half of the small adze body; it has been knapped on all sides with long blade removals and smaller removals near to the butt. It is missing a portion of its body and potentially its cutting edge; a tranchet or lateral flake cannot be identified to confirm this object as a tranchet adze, as it would appear on the blade end, now missing. Typical to adzes of this period, it is roughly ovate in cross-section and has one relatively flat face and one 'humped' face. However, a small area of the object near to the break is covered in chalky white cortex. The rest of the flint object, including what is presumably the broken surface, has a deep gold patina with some natural chert inclusions visible on the dorsal face. The object measures 65.46 mm long, 40.82 mm wide, 29.3 mm thick and weighs 94 grams.

NMS-C40FC7: ADZE
Adze or axe fragment, only the butt end is extant, broken recently by a transverse bending fracture, bifacially knapped to a sub-lenticular cross section by a hard hammer stone with an akward angle to one lateral edge, and one tiny patch of white cortex just above this. Patinated brown and orange, the fresh break is of mottled grey flint. Mesolithic.

NMS-C4436F: ADZE
Adze, patinated orange and brown, of sub-trapezoidal to sub-lenticular cross section, bifacially knapped from a thermal (frost) fractured piece of a nodule of flint, the dorsal face retains a small area, towards the middle, of thin, worn cortex, the ventral face has the frost fractured surface running from the butt to the underside of the cutting edge, only the edges have had rather steep flake removals, towards the middle, on one edge, the angle is almost too obtuse (beyond 90 degrees) but a series of flakes have been removed, although they have terminated in a series of hinges. The cutting edge is formed by a well executed tranchet blow and is still sharp. Mesolithic.

SUSS-9199B5: ADZE
A complete early mesolithic flint adze head, 10000-8000 BC. The adze has been made from a knapped flint nodule. There is still significant cortex coverage over the surface of the object. Flakes have been removed to create the cutting edge and to create the tapering profile of the adze head. It is possible that the piece is a roughout for an adze. The flake removals are large and in specific areas of the nodule. There is no retouch on the object. It measures 148.8mm long, 57.8mm at its widest point and 33.2mm at its thickest point. It weighs 356 grams.

NMS-BB866F: ADZE
Adze, bifacially struck from a water worn cobble of mottled light grey flint now patinated off-white with some small areas of iron staining to both faces. The cobble's original battered surface is unmodified on the tip of the butt, with one side dominated by a thermal (frost) fracture, making this triangular in section to just over half of its length, with flake removals struck from this using the frost fracture as a platform. This then restricts (bifacially) towards the narrow cutting edge, sharpened by a tranchet blow to the dorsal face. All flake removals appear to be semi-hard hammer struck. Mesolithic, 10,000 to 4,000 BC.

NMS-5551C2: ADZE
Well made adze, of sub-triangular cross section,of lightly patinated mottled grey flint with areas of spotty iron stains to both faces, all flake removals appear to be hard hammer struck and the cutting edge is sharpened by a single tranchet blow to both the dorsal face and the ventral face, delivered from opposing edges. The cutting edge is damaged on the ventral face, presumably from use. Mesolithic, 10,000 to 4,001 BC.

LON-E502C6: ADZE
A mesolithic adze, made from flint dating 10,000 - 4,000BC. An adze is an asymmetrical flaked axe. This is a flaked adze and it is unpolished. There is extensive flake removal on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, there is one small area of cortex remaining on the ventral surface. The adze is oval in plan with a lozenge-shaped cross-section; in profile this tool is curved. This adze has been rolled and there is some damage to the edges. The flint is dark grey, and mottled. Dimensions: length: 119.60mm; width: 37.97mm; thickness: 30.70mm; weight: 158.48g. As of 28.04.14 this is one of twelve adzes recorded on the PAS database from within the boundary of Greater London of which the eleven others were all found on the Thames foreshore. Identification and illustration by Jon Cotton, Specialist in Prehistoric London.

LON-E70DB1: ADZE
A mesolithic adze, made from flint dating 10,000 - 4,000BC. An adze is an asymmetrical flaked axe. This is a flaked adze and it is unpolished. There is extensive flake removal on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, there is an area of cortex remaining on the butt. The adze is oval in plan with an irregularly shaped butt, it also have an irregular lozenge-shaped cross-section; in profile this tool is curved. This adze has been rolled and there is some damage to the edges and butt. The flint is dark orange/brown and mottled. Dimensions: length: 170mm; width: 54.88mm; thickness: 33.62mm; weight: 366g. Identification and illustration by Jon Cotton, Specialist in Prehistoric London.

LON-F8FC6A: ADZE
Complete mesolithic to neolithic miniature flint adze. This is a small adze, it has been shaped so that it can be set into a haft, tapering slightly towards the butt. There are several large flake scars at the butt end of the tool while the cutting edge has been retouched and knapped more finely. The flint is grey-brown in colour and there is a black resinous concretion towards the butt, though this is most likely from its deposition environment. Length: 80.81mm Width: 40.99mm Thickness: 30.4mm Weight: 97.23g

SUSS-05E663: ADZE
A complete mesolithic flint adze head, 8300-4500BC. The object is a short tapering knapped flint piece, it has a lozenge shaped section that is most visible at the widest end. This end tapers sharply to a point formed by a tranchet strike that has been further shaped down. There is a longitudinal ridge running the length of both the borsal and ventral sides. The distal end of the object curves slightly giving the piece an asymetrical appearance. The object is made from a pale grey flint. The object appears to be complete but does not seem to be finished. Length: 133.15mm Width: 42.32mm Thickness: 42.13mm Weight: 226g

SUSS-91C513: ADZE
A Mesolithic flint adze head, dating to the period c.8000-4500BC. The object is sub- triangular in plan, tapering from the cutting edge to the butt. The cutting edge appears tohave been formed by the removal of a single tranchet flake. The adze has a slightly curved profile, with one side being shorter than the other, giving the butt a slight hooked shape.

HAMP-594273: ADZE
A complete knapped flint adze or axehead of Mesolithic date. It has an asymmetrical hexagonal cross-section with comparable areas above and below the median line; where the upper surface thins the lower surface thickens and vice versa along the length of the artefact. A small patch of cortex remains in a slight depression central on the upper surface; flaking has otherwise removed all of the cortex. On the upper surface there are three long removals at the tip at the distal end, one central, the others to each side (cf. an adze illustrated in Butler 2005, 106; ref. 42.1). At the tip are further, shorter flakes, possible sharpening removals; some losses revealing light-grey flint through the more orange patinated surface are probably post-depositional damage. On the lower surface the flaking is less clear, with possible 'tranchet' removals perhaps a result of heat damage alongside short longitudinal flaking at the other side. The butt end curves round at an angle to the main body of the artefact. This curvature allows for easier holding of the object, although it was probably hafted. The internal side is slightly battered, while the external, longer side appears to have suffered more from heat damage. A few other removals suggest at unintended losses due to flaws in the flint but the flint otherwise has crisp removals. The flint is an underlying mid/light-grey colour with some darker seams and patches of light/mid-orange iron staining.

LON-0C0331: ADZE
A mesolithic adze, made from flint dating 10,000 - 4,000BC. An adze is an asymmetrical flaked axe. This is a flaked adze and it is unpolished. There is extensive flake removal on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, there is an area of cortex covering approximately one third of the dorsal surface at the proximal end. The adze is oval in plan and it is irregularly lozenge-shaped in cross-section; in profile this tool is straight. This adze has been rolled and there is some damage to the edges and butt. The flint is dark grey and mottled. Dimensions: length: 109.16mm; width: 41.22mm; thickness: 25.30mm; weight: 125.31g. Identification and illustration by Jon Cotton, Specialist in Prehistoric London.

NMS-0BC4AF: ADZE
Proximal end of a very large hard hammer struck blade of thick, sub-triangular section, the distal end is broken transversely in antiquty, the lateral edges have been steeply retouched on one side, the steeper side has been flaked on the dorsal face, the ventral face has a few flakes struck from either side in an attempt to reduce the curvature of the bulb of percussion. It is a possibility that this object was the butt end of a crude adze made from a large, elongated flake with the cutting edge broken at the mid-point by transverse bending forces, a common place and way for a flint adze or an axe to fail, if so it is likely to be of Early Mesolithic date. 10,000 to 7,000 BC.

LON-109BCE: ADZE
An early Mesolithic flaked flint biface adze "Thames pick" (10,000-7,000BC). The adze has been 'roughed out' from a flint nodule or pebble. It is roughly oval in cross section. Viewed edge-on along its longitudinal axis the adze tapers slightly from the broadly rounded butt towards the more pointed cutting edge. Viewed from above, the butt and cutting edge are both rounded and the sides are approximately straight and parallel. There are signs of crushing along sections of both edges. There are numerous conchoidal fractures and large flake removal scars extending from the edges on both faces. Other examples on the database are LON-B9069E, LON-3CB57A and LON-A35EA1 and LON-440D70

NMS-F4CE01: ADZE
Adze, of pale buff and misty light grey patinated flint, all flakes appear to be semi-hard hammer struck, the butt is flat: the only remnant of the nodule this was knapped from, it retains a much lighter, almost white patination. The cutting edge has been reshaped crudely by removing invasive flakes from dorsal face only from the cutting edge, the result is uneven. This may have been an attempt to make a shorter adze a damaged example, or a failed attempt to resharpen a blunt edge, it is clear that this piece was abandoned at this point. As the cutting edge has been modified, it is difficult to be ascertain if this is a Neolithic or a Mesolithic adze, how the cutting edges are sharpened is sometimes the only difference between these two periods. Mesolithic to Neolithic, 10,000 to 2,350 BC.

NMS-5AA89B: ADZE
Complete small tranchet adze, made from a larger thermal (frost/”potlid”) fracture of flint, the ventral face (the flatter of the two) carries the remnants of the interior face of this natural fracture, this area is unworked and is patinated slightly more orange/yellow than the knapped surfaces. The butt of the adze is relatively unpatinated, with a tiny patch of cortex extant to the very tip of the butt, the rest of the dorsal cortex is completely removed by flaking, this face shows the flint to have originally been mid-grey, the other parts of the adze are now patinated an off-white with numerous spotty iron stains and scrapes from contact with agricultural machinery, a common surface alteration to field finds. The cutting edge is sharpened by a tranchet flake removal, this is through very coarse flint and the flake has done its task well considering the flake removals tend to stop short through lower quality flint, all flake scars appear to be hard hammer struck. A neat little adze from an opportunistically found natural surface flint, the knapper has done well with a tough piece of flint. Mesolithic, 10,000 to 4,000 BC.

LEIC-D23993: ADZE
Medieval or post Medieval iron adze, 70mm long, 30mm wide and 25mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 199grams. The object consists of a rectangular head which has a hole through its centre. It has a blade which emerges from one side and tapers outwards, thining to form a wide blade. The object is difficult to date, but its good preservation could suggest its towards the more recent date.

WAW-F2B395: ADZE
A cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age Palstave Adze. The cutting edge is on the vertical and is heavily abraded and corroded. In plan it is a slender elongated triangle which is slightly swollen along the centre of the lateral edges. The butt is also heavily abraded and corroded. The butt portion has a rectangular cell with an open end at the butt on the upper and lower face, thereby forming a 'H' shaped section. In profile the adze is a sub asymmetrical lozenge, with the butt tapering to a blunt point, and the blade portion of the adze having slightly concave sides and expanding in width at the blade. The surface of the adze has a well developed shiny mid orange/brown patina which is incomplete. It measures 111.29mm in length with a cutting edge 18.38mm wide, is 16.21mm wide across the butt/blade junction and weighs 113.5g. A very similar example has been recorded from Brokenborough, Wiltshire (WILT-DBCAF4) and on this example Brendan O'Connor commented: 'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs 70-1). One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain, pl 34, 1110'. The Middle Bronze Age dates between c. 1500-1150 BC.

WILT-DBCAF4: ADZE
A Middle Bronze Age Palstave Adze with a damaged butt. It measures 132.6mm in length with a cutting edge 32.5mm wide. The surface is pitted. The cutting edge is chamfered and worn on a slant. Around this edge and the sides of he palstave much of the golden brown patina has been lost. Weighs 176.92g. The shelf is deep on either side (7.5 and 8.3mm) and the hafting end c. on third the length of the adze. Brendan O'Connor comments: 'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs 70-1). One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain, pl 34, 1110'.

LANCUM-697908: ADZE
Bronze age copper alloy palstave adze 1500 - 1150BC. The length is 125mm, the width of blade is 28mm thickness 20mm and the weight 138.02g. The object is rectangular in form and cross section and is intact, with slight damage to its butt end and some of its surface. The butt end is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section, with each face having a rectangular shaped recess with a raised border to contain the handle. The blade, which has an elongated triangular cross section, tapers in width from the point it joins the butt. Overall it is 20mm wide and rectangular in form, then flares out to form a curved cutting edge 28mm wide at its flared tip. On each narrow side, just below the butt recess, is a small triangular recess with a slightly raised border. Further along the blade edge are diagonal ridges/ripples formed at casting. The object is otherwise plain. These are very rare objects, other examples are LEIC-58C955, WAW-FLB395 and Wiltshire WILT-DBCAF4 and on this example Brendan O'Connor commented: 'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs 70-1). One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain, pl 34, 1110'. Two further examples have been found in Crosby Ravensworth, Cumbria LANCUM-5CE338 and Gisburn in Lancashire LANCUM-64B7A.

LEIC-916183: ADZE
Bronze age copper alloy palstave adze, 140mm long, 23mm wide and 17mm thick with a weight of 159grams. The object is rectangular in form and cross section and is intact, with slight damage to its butt end and some of its surface. The butt end is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section, with each face having a rectangular shaped recess with a raised border to contain the handle. The blade, which has an elongated triangular cross section, tapers in width from the point it joins the butt. Overall it is 20mm wide and rectangular in form, then flares out to form a curved cutting edge 32mm wide at its flared tip. On each narrow side, just below the butt recess, is a small triangular recess with a slightly raised border. Further along the blade edge are diagonal ridges/ripples formed at casting. The object is otherwise plain. These are very rare objects, this example being the sixth on this database, but this is the second from Leicestershire, with one being found in Swithland LEIC-58C955. Other similar examples are from Warwickshire WAW-FLB395 and Wiltshire WILT-DBCAF4 and on this example Brendan O'Connor commented: 'This is a type known to Evans (Ancient bronze implements, p 85, figs 70-1). One of these is illustrated by Rowlands, The production and distribution of metalworking the Middle Bronze Age in southern Britain, pl 34, 1110'. Two further examples have been found in Crosby Ravensworth, Cumbria LANCUM-5CE338 and Gisburn in Lancashire LANCUM-64B7A7.

NMGW-DABBEA: ADZE
Middle Bronze Age bronze tool, probably an adze of Acton Park 2 or Taunton Metalworking Industries of Needham's (1996) Period 5 and probably dating to c. 1500 - 1300BC. The axe is near-complete with peripheral damage but is heavily corroded and with a fragmentary butt (with a length of 164mm and a weight of 157.8g). The fractured butt has a rounded point and is thin (6mm wide and 2mm thick) but has suffered some erosion. The sides are moderately straight and divergent to the side protrusions or trunnions (giving the tool a width of 30.5mm). The corroded trunnions are rounded and of oval form (11mm long, 7mm wide and 3.0mm high). Below the trunnions, the sides of the blade are also straight and gently divergent before curving more sharply at the blade edge, although the blade tips are lost (with a surviving blade width of 34.5mm). The surface corrosion has mostly eradicated any casting seams, although there is the suggestion of a fettled seam on one side near the trunnion but no suggestion of a loop. The faces are of differing form, one is flanged, the other is ribbed and of chisel-like form. The flanged face has a median bevel (87mm from the blade where the adze has a thickness of 11.7mm) and short flanges, spanning the bevel (25mm long and 3.6mm high giving a maximum overall depth of 15.6mm). The blade is without any ribs and is flat across both its length and width and with no discernible blade facet. The other face is without flanges and the slightly domed curvature appears to incorporate the trunnions. There is the suggestion of a transverse moulding, running between the trunnions. The face has a prominent midrib, beginning well above the trunnions (35mm from the butt) and continuing along the blade (ending 26mm from the blade edge). The face is convex across its width but flat across its length, with no discernible blade facet. The surface is heavily-corroded and pitted. Remnants of the surface with a dark-green patina is preserved, largely on the septum of the flanged side. The tool is unusual and difficult to closely parallel. The side trunnions and ribbed face can be broadly paralleled with 'Trunnion Tools', while the flanged face is best paralleled with flanged axes, perhaps closer to slender axes of Later Short-Flanged type. The tool may have been hafted with the handle abutting the flanged face and with binding over the ribbed face, rather than within a split handle, in the way flanged axes were secured. The method of hafting may imply the blade would be perpendicular to the axe direction suggesting the tool functioned as an adze. The tool may share similarities in form with 'palstave adzes', as published by Evans (1881, p. 85, gigs 70-1) and with recent examples recorded with PAS from Gisburn, Lancashire , Swithland, Leicestershire , Crosby Ravensworth, Cumbria , Brokenborough, Wiltshire and Tanworth-in-Arden, Warwickshire . It is tempting to see this example as a 'flanged-adze' predecessor of the palstave adze. Trunnion Tools have a long-lived production, spanning the Arreton Tradition at the end of the Early Bronze Age and continue into the Late Bronze Age (c. 1700- 800BC). If the flanged face is referencing and contemporary with axes of Later Short-Flanged type it is possible to suggest a date spanning Later Acton Park or Taunton metalworking, dating to perhaps c. 1500 - 1300BC.

LEIC-58C955: ADZE
Middle Bronze age copper alloy Palstave Adze, 121mm long, 22mm wide and 14mm thick. The object is in fair condition and weighs 88grams. The object is rectangular in form and triangular in cross section, with a slightly curved blade. Its butt end is triangular shaped in cross section and houses two rectangular recessess either side of a central panel with a raised border to contain a handle. The object is slightly damaged around its edges and has small patches of original surface remaining. The object is similar to WAW-FLB395