KENT-F9D7C2: BROOCH
Small cast copper alloy bow brooch, with sub-triangular headplate and footplate. The brooch is similar to examples of small equal-armed brooches, although this example is not symmetrical, the headplate being slightly shorter than the footplate. It is thus also very similar to examples of miniature radiate-headed brooches, and perhaps sits somewhere between the two types. The reverse has remains of the iron pin and spring surviving, possibly with traces of mineralised textile preserved in the corrosion products. Compare IOW-FE1124, and an example from a 6th-century grave at Frilford, now in the BM (1867,0204.8).
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/184590

KENT-91C1D6: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy bow brooch. The brooch comprises a bow without headplate, and a footplate. For most of its length (18.66mm) the bow has an ovoid cross-section, with flat sides and a ventral ridge. However, at the junction with the pin and spring, at its mid-point and at the junction with the foot the bow has thickened rectangular sections. With the exception of the section of bow at the junction with the foot, which is plain, these sections are decorated with three transverse v-shaped grooves which have probably been incised. There are what appear to be three faint file marks on the lower-right section of the bow just above the thickened section. The foot, which measures 18.68mm beyond the bow, tapers towards its end which terminates with a transverse sub-rectangular projection. The lower section of the foot projects forward slightly. A short (6.78mm long) but complete integral catchplate projects from the reverse of the foot at the junction with the bow. The front of the footplate is decorated with two zones of incised lines, the upper zone (from the junction with the bow) comprising 6 transverse v-shaped grooves. The lower zone (towards the terminal) comprises 6 incised chevrons. The corroded remains of an iron spring and pin mechanism survive on the back of the upper terminal of the bow. This brooch is probably of early to mid 5th century date.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/185401

KENT-45A4E1: BROOCH
Incomplete copper alloy cruciform brooch, comprising the head-plate and part of the bow. The head-plate has an integral half-round knob projecting from its top edge and incomplete lateral wings. One of the wings is damaged, with deep lines gouged in its front surface. On the back of the head-plate is a single perforated lug to which the (now missing) iron pin and spring wold have been attached. The bow has a worn transverse break just below the junction with the headplate. The front surfaces of both the headplate and bow are decorated with rows of incised or punched lines and dots.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/200717

KENT-425A34: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy early medieval brooch. This bow brooch is of an unusual type. It has an oval headplate with two lugs on the reverse, between which survives the corroded remains of the iron spring and pin bar. The bow has a curved cross-section, but a rectangular cross-section at the junctions with the head and foot-plates. The centre of the bow has a flattened circular section on its front, giving a disc-on-bow appearance. The foot-plate is straight, but terminates in a circular knop. The front of the foot-plate is decorated with a series of incised transverse lines. A catch-plate on the back of the foot retains part of the brooch's iron pin. The brooch is largely unpatinated. In general form it would appear to date to the 5th century AD.

KENT-E99F24: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy early Anglo-Saxon bow brooch, possibly a small long brooch. The brooch has a sub-rectangular head-plate with incised circle-and-dot design on the front. Projecting knops from the sides and top edge. There is a single perforated lug on the reverse with remains of an iron spring and pin. Plain, narrowed arched bow, which is broken just above the junction with the foot-plate.

KENT-FC33F2: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy miniature radiate-headed brooch. The terminal of the foot-plate is missing. No trace of the (presumably iron) spring or pin survives on the reverse, although both the catch-plate and lug for attachment of the spring are present.

KENT-17AFA6: BROOCH
Middle Anglo-Saxon copper-alloy ansate brooch of 8th- or 9th-century date. The bow is arched in profile and of 'D' section, composed of four flat semi-globular segments divided by horizontal plain ribs with shorter ones each end. There is a rusty stain from the iron pin that hinged from one lug to the catch plate at the foot. Length 40.5mm, Width 8.3mm, Thickness 10.8mm, Weight 8.3g. This brooch is probably of English manufacture, but the type is originally Frankish/Merovingian. It is of Hubener (1972) Gruppe 9. Hubener does not illustrate an exact parallel, but on Abb.20 are some that are rather similar. Another parallel can be seen in 'Ancient Brooches and other Artefacts', Richard Hattatt (1989), page 211, No. 1686.

KENT-E27D35: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy Early medieval equal armed brooch. It is a small rectangular section of the bow, which has linear decoration, both horizontal and verticle. It has a flat rectangular cross-section, and slightly curves. 500 - 600 AD. 28.76mm L x 11.25mm W x 2.02mm T 3.2g

KENT-8EC241: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Anglo Saxon brooch. This is a cruciform brooch, of which only the head and part of the bow remain. The head is sub cruciform in shape, with notched corners. There is the remains of a lug on the back, and some corroded iron. The head is decorated with simple engraved lines around the edges. the bow is curved, and has a D-shaped cross section. There is a linear groove vertical down the center of the bow. Apart from being incomplete, it is in good condition. Brooches of this type usually date to the 6th century in Kent. A similar brooch can be seen KENT-B10BC5. Hattatt 2000 p376 no 674 33.44mm x 20.70mm 10.71g

KENT-D4C5E4: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch, fragment of a cast copper alloy florid cruciform brooch. The surviving section of the brooch is part of the foot plate. There is a flat square panel with a sub-rectangular lappet on the left hand side and a moulded half rounded pannel below. The lapet is decorated with style 1 animal ornamentation. The reverse of the fragment contains a wide and incomplete catchplate. The breaks are worn. The brooch has a dark green-black patina.

KENT-E19A66: BROOCH
Early Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast copper alloy small long brooch. The head is sub-rectangular with two semi-circular notches in the upper left and right corner, and one semi-circular notch in the lower left and right corners. The reverse of the head has a large amount of iron corrosion (from the iron pin) obscuring the pin fitting. The incomplete bow has a pronounced curve with a hollow reverse, giving it a 'V' shaped cross section. THere are two triangular mouldings where the bow joins the head. There is a worn break across the base of the bow. In its incomplete condition, it is 33.18mm long, 24.25mm wide, 2.02mm thick increasing to 9.57mm thick to include the iron corrosion, and the bow is 7.80mm deep. It weighs 10.2 grams. It has a dark green patina.

KENT2344: BROOCH
This cast copper alloy brooch is an Anglo-Saxon small long brooch of Leeds (1945) square headed (plain) class. The square headplate is heavily corroded but the decoration can just be seen. There is a large ring-and-dot motif in the centre of the headplate, bordered by 3 to 6 smaller ring-and-dot punhcmarks to the left and right of the central design. The exact amount of smaller punchmarks on the headplate is unclear due to the amount of corrosion and the poor quality photograph used for identification. The worn edge of the headplate may also suggest that it is incomplete, thus further decoration may have originally been present. The headplate is attached to a short, undecorated bow. The lozenge-form footplate is heavily worn, with damaged edges and a worn break at the terminal. The decoration on the footplate is similar to the headplate, with a large ring-and dot motif in the centre. Three smaller ring-and-dot punches can be seen to the right of this central design, running along the length of the footplate. The lower punchmark is incomplete due to a worn break on the edge of the footplate. To the left of the central design one complete and one partial ring-and-dot punchmark can be seen parallel to those on the right. The worn and broken edge has most likely removed a third punchmark from this side. The reverse of the brooch is unknown as it has been identified from a front facing photograph. The hinge and catchplates are usually intergrally cast with the brooch, and are situated behing the headplate and footplate respectively. Small long brooches usually have a sprung iron pin, however it is unknown if traces of this survive. The colouration and patina of the brooch is also unknown. This brooch is approximately 30mm long and 15mm wide. Small long brooches date from the early Anglo-Saxon period, circa 475AD through to circa 525AD.

KENT2347: BROOCH
Early Anglo-Saxon bow brooch cast in copper alloy, approximately 50mm long. The semi-circular headplate has an intergral semi-circular knop at its apex. The bow is curved with a prominant ridge running along the centre. The footplate is rectangular, with an intergral semi-circular knop on the two left corners. There are no knops on right hand side corners of the footplate, and the edge where they would have been attached is worn. The footplate terminates in a long, narrow triangular projection. The circumference of the headplate, and the triangular terminal of the brooch are decorated with tripple-pelleted punched triangles. B. Ager (British Museum) believes that the punch decoration can be paralleled in other Anglo-Saxon and contemporary North German and Scandinavian metalwork. The brooch is most likely an Anglo-Saxon immitation of a continental type. The form (but not the decoration) of the brooch is similar to Werner (1961) Katalog der Sammlung Diergardt figure 71. This type of brooch is dated to the late 5th to mid 6th century.

KENT2348: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is approximately 20mm in diameter and has a highly corroded surface. It dates from the mid 5th to the mid 6th century. The rim is slightly damaged, but other than this the brooch is complete. The brooch is decorated with a large ring and dot design (comprised of 3 rings)in the centre, and the border is punched with pellet-in-arc motifs with three large incised concentric circles bordering the inside of the pellet-in-arc rim.

Head from of a copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon brooch. It has three roughly rectangular knobs, half-rounded and with a flattish cross-section. There are two perforated lugs on the reverse of the headplate, with the remains of the iron spring/pin mechanism surviving between them. There is a worn break at the junction of the headplate and bow. The brooch has an even brown patina. Although this brooch clearly refers to a cruciform brooch of Aberg's Class II, the simple nature of its design (with no wings to the headplate) suggests that it may actually be part of a small long brooch with a headplate imitating that of a cruciform brooch.

Headplate and bow of copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The lateral knobs on the headplate project from two sub-triangular wings, although the knob and wing on the right side of the headplate are now missing. There is a single broken perforated lug on the back of the headplate. The knobs are half-rounded, placing this brooch in Aberg's Group II. The brooch is broken at the junction of the bow and foot, the break being worn. This brooch dates to circa 450-525 AD.

KENT-4B2C25: BROOCH
Copper alloy button brooch with gilt on front surface. The design consists of a central circular setting, now empty, which probably contained a garnet. Around this is a band of 'chip-carved' scrollwork, surrounded by a beaded circle. The upturned rim is plain, and damaged/missing around about a third of its circumference. A hinge and catchplate partially survive on the back. Compare KENT-FF2073, which retains its garnet.

KENT-3764E2: BROOCH
5th-6th century. Copper alloy, cast, saucer brooch. Length=29mm, Width=28mm, Thickness=5mm, Weight=9.4g. Flat disc face with the remains of a raised rim, cast in one piece with six moulded scroll or spiral motifs witihin a border, once gilded - only small remnant left. There is just the base of the lug that once supported the pin and traces of rust from the pin together with a recess where the catch plate once stood. Very badly corroded and with particles of charcoal attached to the face - evidence of burning, possibly from a cremation?

KENT-CC0B58: BROOCH
An incomplete cast gilt copper-alloy saucer brooch dating to c.430-550, of running six spiral type. The upper surface is decorated with a central boss surrounded by six running scrolls. Gilt is missing over much of the decoration and around the edge of the partially damaged upturned rim. The cast hinge lug and catchplate survive on the reverse, with partial corroded remains of the iron pin.

KENT-998063: BROOCH
Part of the footplate of a cast copper alloy small square-headed brooch. The footplate is sub-triangular with the partial remains of a catchplate on the reverse. It is broken just above the junction with the bow, and the terminal of the footplate is missing. Some gilding survives on the front, which is decorated with Style I zoomorphic ornament in the form of an eye in each upper corner panel and an elongated body in each lower corner panel. The foot is divided longitudinally by a central zone of beading between parallel lines, and horizontally two pairs of raised segments terminating in the incomplete remains of what where probably semi-circular panels. Small Square-headed brooches were manufactured in England from circa 500-570 AD.

KENT-DF7D60: BROOCH
Fragment of an Anglo-Saxon small square headed brooch cast in copper alloy. Only the headplate and bow survives. The headplate is rectangular, measuring 21.78mm by 12.48mm with extremely worn edges, and is 3.03mm thick. The headplate is decorated with geometric designs. There is a central raised rectangle containing 5 small ring and dot motifs. This is bordered by 5 rectangles, alternating between depressed and raised. The outer, depressed border only extends around the top and side edges of the headplate, with a wide, raised border along the base. The short bow is wide and slightly curved, measuring 10.14mm in length, 10.23mm in width and 2.34mm thick. It is decorated with a prominant central ridge along its length, with four smaller ridges to either side. There is a worn break at the base of the bow where the footplate would have been attached. The reverse of the brooch is extremely worn, with the partial remains of an integrally cast hinge lug on the reverse of the headplate, with a small trace of iron corosion to either side. The lug increases the thickness of the brooch to 5.21mm.The brooch has a mid green patina, and is a dark green-black colour on parts of the decorative design. A small amount of gilt is adhering to the surface in one of the recessed borderd on the headplate. The measurements for the whole fragment are 21.03mm long, 21.78mm wide and 5.21mm thick.

KENT-457717: BROOCH
Incomplete middle Anglo-Saxon ansate brooch made from copper alloy. The brooch is basically rectangular, with the terminals the same width as the bow. There is a transverse ridge at the end of the surviving terminal, and two hinge lugs survive on the reverse with iron corrosion from the pin in between, showing that this was the head of the brooch. There is another transverse ridge at the junction of bow and terminal, and another at the centre of the bow; the bow ridge and the ridge at the top of the headplate appear to have some rather carelessly applied grooves across them. The bow is hollowed behind, but the headplate is flat. The brooch is broken just beyond the ridge in the centre of the bow (worn break). It is 33.48mm long, 9.57mm wide and 9.89mm thick.

KENT-459AF8: BROOCH
Incomplete Early Medieval small long brooch cast in copper alloy. Only the headplate and partial bow survives. There is a central ring-and-dot design, bordered by 4 more ring-and-dot motifs. One corner of the headplate is mising, the break is worn. There is a hinge lug on the reverse. The surface has been tinned. It is 16.89mm long, 20.67mm wide and 10.24mm thick.

KENT-FE9F77: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The brooch has a narrow headplate, with a single fully-rounded knob projecting from the top edge. The footplate is missing, with a worn break at the junction with the bow. The bow is narrow with rectangular sections at each end. The worn remains of a single lug for the attachment of the spring and pin is present on the back of the headplate.

KENT-FEE760: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon button brooch of cast copper alloy. Button brooches are circular brooches, similar to Saucer brooches but smaller in size, and decorated with a face mask design. The face mask is comprised of: a rounded, undecorated helmet. The eyebrow elements is combined with the nose and narrow cheeks to form a mask surrounding the rounded eyes. There are no eye-rings, these are probably combined with the cheeks to form the lower part of the mask. The mouth is comprised of an off centre lozenge shape. The face is surrounded by a raised ring - it may have been beaded, but is very worn. There is a shallow upturned rim. A very small amount of gilt remains on the brooch, covering approximately 2mm on the rim at the base of the brooch. Corroded surface, dull brown patina. Pin lug is surrounded by iron corrosion, probably the remains of the pin. The catchplate is present, but incomplete. The pin ran across the face, the pin lug is and the catchplate is at 87 degrees. An example of Avent and Evison's Class Di.

KENT-FF2971: BROOCH
Head and footplate of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. Curved head-plate with single fully-rounded knob projecting from top edge. The foot-plate is missing, with a worn break at the junction with the bow. A single perforated lug on the reverse of the headplate acted as a hinge for the spring and pin; corroded remains of the iron spring are still attached.

KENT-FF5501: BROOCH
Headplate of a cast copper alloy small long brooch. The headplate is rectangular with a semi-circular plate projecting from the top edge. There is no trace of the bow or side projections, though this was presumably a brooch with a cruciform headplate. There is a single perforated lug on the reverse to act as a hinge for the spring and pin. No trace of the spring and pin survives.

KENT-007C80: BROOCH
Small gilded copper alloy cast saucer brooch with shallow upturned rim. In the centre is a raised flat-topped circular boss, immediately surrounded by a raised ring. A wide field surrounds this, decorated with raised oblique elements to give the effect of ropework. There is a further narrow raised ring before the shallow upturned rim. The brooch is incomplete as the rim is missing from just under half of the edge. The pin lug and catchplate are missing on the reverse, the catch being rather worn. There is a very small amount of iron corrosion on the reverse, by the lug, suggesting an iron pin. Ropework or cabling can be seen on other cast saucer brooches, e.g. NMGW-620AD3. For other small saucer brooches, albeit with different designs, compare KENT-355DA7, IOW-A44C21 and KENT-30F985. A very similar brooch, but with a central garnet, was found in grave 556 at Frénouville, Calvados (Avent and Evison 1982, 93, pl. XVIIIb). Avent and Evison comment that this is "a type of small button brooch which occurs more often on the Continent than in England, its distribution stretching from France to Switzerland", but as button brooches are now defined by having decoration based on a single human face (Suzuki 2008, xxv) these brooches sit more happily within the cast saucer brooch tradition.

KENT-00FE07: BROOCH
Headplate and part of bow of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The bow is convex, and comprises a sub-rectangular central section flanked by rectangular wings. A single fully-rounded knob projects from the top of the head. There is a single central perforated lug in the reverse for the attachment of the spring-pin mechanism, of which no trace survives. The bow, which is broken with a worn transverse break just over half way down its length, is 15.49mm wide. The bow has a triangular section, but with a rectangular thickening at the junction with the headplate, which was presumably repeated at the junction with the footplate.

KENT-142506: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon button brooch. The brooch is very worn, with no surviving rim and only partial remains of the catchplate and lug for the attachment of the pin on the reverse. The design on the front is a fairly crude engraving of a human face-mask; there are traces of gilt present in the incised areas. B misc

Cast copper-alloy miniature radiate-headed brooch, with rounded headplate with projecting top knop, sub-rectangular bow and elongated tapering foot which is broken off towards the terminal. The single lug on the reverse of the headplate has its perforation filled with the remains of a copper-alloy spring/pin. This brooch has been classed as a miniature radiate-headed brooch, due to the semi-circular headplate which is shared with Frankish radiate-headed brooches. However, the headplate on this brooch form does not have the multiple radiating knops around its circumference which gives the radiate brooches their name. Continental brooches of a similar form have been termed 'miniaturefibeln' or miniature brooches. A further study on these small semi-circular headed brooches is needed to understand their relationship with other brooch forms from this period. Barry Ager writes: This brooch appears to be broadly related to Koch's mainly mid to later 5th-century 'Formengruppe Bulles/Lauriacum (Sindelfingen)(II.1), found particularly in northern France and the mid/upper Rhineland region. But there is one example from Bifrons, gr. 16, and a couple from Spain, so it is more western European than anything very specific. The square shape of the bow on this example is rather unusual, so perhaps it is a local version and possibly a bit later in date.

Foot and lower part of bow of a cast copper alloy bow brooch, possibly an Anglo-Saxon Small Long brooch.

KENT-3FF356: BROOCH
This Kentish small square-headed brooch is of copper alloy, placing it in Leigh's Series III (Leigh 1980). The headplate has an inner rectangular section decorated with vertical lines and surrounded by a raised border. The edge of the headplate has a further raised border; there is too much corrosion to see any further detail. The bow is framed by raised edges and has a longitudinal mid-rib. The foot, which is broken, with the lower section detached and the terminal missing, is lozenge-shaped, with half-circled side-terminals below stylised animal motifs in the upper borders. Remains of an iron pin and spring survive on the reverse. The surviving length of the largest part of the brooch is 38.31mm, the headplate has a maximum width of 24.41mm, and the brooch has a maximum thickness of 12.5mm. This brooch, with its combination of animal motifs, geometric designs and imitation garnet-settings (the central panels on head and footplate), falls within the general series characterised as 'Kentish-continental' (Parfitt and Brugmann 1997, 35). Its closest parallels are copper-alloy brooches from the cemeteries of Mill Hill and Howletts in east Kent and Barrington in Cambridgeshire. These copper alloy examples were clearly modelled on silver brooches, examples of which are known from the Kentish cemeteries of Buttsole (Eastry I), Chatham Lines and from Herpes in south-west France. Brugmann, in her discussion of the brooches from Mill Hill, labelled these brooches as Åberg type 132 (after Åberg 1926, figure 132). This type was one of the characteristic finds of phase III of Brugmann's chronological scheme based on dress accessories in wealthy female graves, to which she assigned a date range of circa 530/40 to 560/70.

KENT-FED666: BROOCH
Cast copper-alloy Kentish small square-headed brooch of Leigh's Series III (Leigh 1980). The brooch is at the smallest end of the range of Kentish square-headed brooches, measuring only 34.01mm in length. Traces of gilding survive on the front. The headplate is rectangular with worn edges, and has decoration comprising a central rectangular zone (perhaps an imitation garnet-setting) with a horizontal groove across the centre. This rectangular zone is surrounded by a pair of concentric rectangular grooves. The bow has a rather flattened cross-section, and is decorated with opposing incomplete elongated grooved ovals down either side. The foot is lozenge-shaped, with its centre emphasised by a grooved lozenge. Above and to either side of this lozenge, just below the junction with the bow, is a pair of curving grooves; these are in the place usually occupied by a small Style I motif. The lower corner of the lozenge is extended down the elongated foot, flanked on either side by a single curving groove. At the bottom the foot expands slightly and is decorated with a grooved square. A single integral pin lug is extant on the reverse of the headplate, with remains of an iron spring/pin present, but no trace of the catchplate survives. The combination of stylised animal motifs, geometric designs and imitation garnet settings puts this brooch with the Kentish-continental series (Parfitt and Brugmann 1997, 35), and this example probably dates to circa AD 530/40 to 560/70. In some ways it is hard to know if this is a very simplified version of a small square-headed brooch, or should be classed as a small-long brooch imitating a square-headed brooch; the latter tend to have much simpler decoration than on this example.

KENT-FF10D6: BROOCH
Copper alloy Anglo-Saxon disc brooch. The brooch comprises a flat disc (now oval but probably originally circular), decorated with a border of two concentric incised circular lines, within which are 7 ring-and-dot marks, arranged in a circle. There is a small hole at the centre of the brooch. The edge of the brooch has traces of decoration comprising short incised lines pointing towards the centre. The remains of a catchplate and hinge are extant on the reverse, but there is no sign of the pin, which was probably of iron. Brooches of this type date to the late 5th or early 6th centuries AD.

KENT-FF2073: BROOCH
Copper alloy Anglo-Saxon button brooch. The brooch comprises a circular disc with upturned rim. The front is decorated with three concentric raised circles around a central circular garnet-setting. An integral copper alloy hinge and catchplate project from the reverse, and the corroded remains of the iron pin are present. Compare KENT-4B2C25.

KENT-D650E6: BROOCH
Part of a copper alloy disc or nummular brooch. The front of the brooch is rather worn, but a central circular zone of silver plating is visible, with an unsilvered border around the edge. Part of the catchplate is extant on the reverse.

KENT-A76701: BROOCH
Setting from an Anglo-Saxon composite disc brooch. The setting appears to consist of a dome of white material, with a band of gold ropework running around its diameter. Four strips of gold ropework run from this band up towards the centre of the dome, which has a circular setting of similar ropework, which may have formed a setting for a gem stone (now missing). This object has been identified from a photograph only, but clearly represents a central setting of Avent's Class 4 (Avent 1975). Similar central settings occur on composite disc brooches from Milton, Monkton, Sarre and Faversham, brooches which collectively date to circa 600-630 AD.

KENT-E53C90: BROOCH
Middle or late Anglo-Saxon ansate brooch, cast from copper alloy. The bow is pronounced, almost triangular in profile. The terminals are wide and flat, triangular in shape with a small end projection. There are moulded grooves along the length of the terminals and end projections. The hinge and catch-plate are complete on the reverse of the brooch, and the hinge has a trace of iron, although the pin is now missing. The shape and decoration classes this brooch as a Hubener's Gruppe 9 brooch, or a Weetch type XII.Ai (Domburg type), and it is similar to Hattat 1328.

KENT-9F6987: BROOCH
Silver brooch of Weetch type 30.B, in the shape of an upright bird in profile, with large head and straight downward-pointing beak. The eye is in the shape of a large flattened pellet, with a recess, either indicating the pupil, or originally meant to contain some glass or stone inset. Wing and feathers are sensitively detailed with linear grooves and mouldings. The tail is missing, and a further damaged area can be seen at the neck: a fresh jagged crack line shows the head to have sheared off and to have been glued back in modern times. On its back, the bird carries what might be a small cross, with the right arm broken off, and a piece missing, but with a fragment still attached to the bird's neck. On the reverse of the brooch, a rather corroded and damaged 'lump' may be part of the attachment of the brooch. It is likely that the brooch could have been used as a pendant, with a cord or chain passing in the eyelet formed between the bird's neck and the cross/fledgling: this might account for the break and the damage to the area. A gilded-silver parallel for such iconography was found in 2004 at Arlington, East Sussex (2004 T379; SUSS-44F203) and other cross-on-bird brooches made from copper-alloy are recorded on the PAS database at SF-7B3CA5, BERK-5DED86 and SF-BCC403. Cross-on-bird brooches are a relatively uncommon type, with finds recorded by Pedersen (1999) from Denmark (fig. 11b), England (fig. 19c), Germany (figs. 20 and 22) and France (fig. 21). Their date-range centres on 800 AD (Pedersen 1999, 64). Also see A. Gannon (2003) The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coins, pp. 114-5, where it is argued that one of these brooches (from Berinsfield) carries a fledgling rather than a cross on its back. It may be argued that it is a fledgling with upright wing, and not a cross, that our bird carries on its back, on account of the unusual proportion of the cross with rather elongated arms, and of the angle of the severed right one. Originally this would have engaged with the neck of the bird, just above the break: however, the area is rather damaged and worn, so it is debatable whether it represented the neck and head of the fledgling. Whilst some of these brooches can be understood to follow in the tradition of bird-shaped Germanic ornaments, the addition of Christian symbols (see discussion in Gannon, ibid.) makes their devotional character evident. The beak of our bird could identify it either as a dove, symbol of the Holy Spirit, or as an eagle, symbolic of the Resurrection. Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the piece conducted at the British Museum indicated a silver content of approximately 97%.

KENT-BFBB57: BROOCH
Very worn fragment of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy small long brooch. There is a worn transverse break at the base of the bow, with only partial bow and square head plate surviving. The fragment appears to have no decoration, however it is highly corroded and worn. The reverse of the fragment has the remains of a hinge and iron spring attachment, situated behind the square head plate. There are patches of light green patina on the surface of the brooch.

KENT-3F5E23: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. Cruciform brooches found in Kent all date to the mid-to-late 5th century AD.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with an upturned rim. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The measurements for this example are unknown. The brooch is decorated with a face mask motif, however the exact form is unknown, thus it cannot be attributed to an Avent and Evison classification. It is unknown if the brooch has any additional decoration, such as punchmarks or beading. The amount of gilt, if any, on the face of the brooch is also unknown. The details of the reverse of the brooch were not recorded. Button brooches usually had an iron pin attached, however some examples had a copper alloy pin. It is unknown what material was used to construct the pin for this example.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Di or D miscellaneous. The brooch is not completely circular, measuring 17.8mm to 19.48mm in diameter. It is 1mm thick and weighs 3.65 grams. The brooch is extremely worn, with the gilt missing from all relief area revealing green corrosion. The edge of the brooch is upturned in areas, at approximately 90 degrees to the face of the brooch. The edge of the rim, and the edges where it is missing are very worn and corroded. The upper surface is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 5 different elements. The undecorated helmet is rounded with a flat base and a slightly pointed apex. Below, the straight eyebrow, nose and wide cheek elements have been combined to form a mask around the eyes. The eyes are of different shape; the left is round and well placed, while the right is oval placed at an angle. There are no eye-rings on this face-mask; it is likely that they were combined with the cheeks to form the lower half of the mask. The mouth is comprised of a single straight bar, with an indent the face is bordered with three raised concentric rings. The pin is missing from the reverse of the brooch, however it probably made from iron, due to the presence of iron corrosion around the pin lugs. The pin ran down the face, from 0/360 degrees to 180 degrees although it is unclear at which angle represents the pin lug and which is the catchplate as they are very worn. These angles correspond to the face of the brooch as opposed to the reverse so they are comparable with the measurements from Avent and Evison's research.

Cast copper alloy cruciform brooch, with half-rounded knobs and narrow rectangular wings on headplate. One lateral knob is missing. There are remains of two perforated lugs for the attachment of the pin on the reverse of the headplate. A corroded mass of iron between these lugs is all that remains of the spring/pin. The central headplate is decorated with three circle-and-dot punchmarks arranged in a triangular formation in its lower half. There is a zoomorphic horse head design on the footplate terminal. This one circle-and-dot punchmark slightly off-centre towards the left nostril of the horsehead. The brooch measures 60.70mm by 21.59mm by 17.50mm and weighs 8.88g.

The head of a radiate-headed brooch.

Anglo-Saxon gilt copper alloy saucer brooch. The motif on the face consists of a central lozenge which forms the centre of a cross. The arms of the cross each divide into two spiral terminals which turn away from each other; pairs of spirals from different arms thus filling each quadrant between the arms. An integral catchplate and hinge partially survive on the back of the brooch, but no trace of pin. The booch measures 25mm in diameter and 7mm in thickness. This brooch has been discussed by Dickinson (2010, 186-7) who terms it a 'four-pelta' design, a derivative of the floriate cross motif. It joins another example from Luton, now in Luton Museum (accession number 40/41/27).

A fragment of a copper alloy supporting arm brooch. Barry Ager identified the brooch as likely to have been manufactured in north west Germany.

A copper alloy disc brooch.

A gilt copper alloy square headed brooch. The brooch is decorated with Style I ornament, and part of the foot of the brooch is missing.

A gilt copper alloy square headed brooch.

A copper alloy disc brooch with crude Style I decoration.

An incomplete cast copper alloy cruciform brooch, comprising the head-plate and bow only. Ager (1983, 59-61) describes it thus: "Three half-round, moulded knobs on the head-plate. On the flat back of this plate are two integral, pierced lugs holding the iron spindle for the now corroded spring of the pin. The bow, which is long, straight-sided and highly arched, is cast slightly off-centre to the head-plate, which is remarkably thick (4.14mm). The brooch has [a worn break] across the junction of the bow and foot-plate, on the back of which would have been the catch-plate for the pin. Since no exact parallel for the extant portion of the brooch is known, the form of the foot remains conjectural, although the [closest parallels] suggest the possibility that it had a triangular terminal rather than the more usual moulded, horse-like head. The ornament consists of moulding of the knobs (which are non-functional), of the triangular notches in either side of the ends of the bow, enclosed between a pair of transverse grooves, and of a broad, median furrow, bounded by a groove either side, along the ridge of the sloping-sided bow. After casting, it appears that the brooch was finished with a file, which has left fine, close, transverse striations under much of the bow and, possibly, the lengthwise grooves on the left-hand side of the top of it."

Copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch, with five-running spiral motif. Face of brooch decorated with gold gilt. Remains of catchplate on back, but no pin survives. Probably Dickinson's Type IIA or IIB?

Part of headplate and bow of a copper-alloy cruciform brooch. No knobs survive on the damaged headplate, but a length of metal projects vertically from the top edge of the headplate. Part of a perforated lug for the attachment of the pin survives on the back of the headplate. The brooch is in an extremely worn condition, although the transverse break across the bow seems less worn than the other breaks. This brooch appears to be very similar to a largely complete example from the Dover area, KENT-B45E97.

Anglo-Saxon brooch of Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooch, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. This brooch was cast in copper alloy and the surface has been silvered. The square headplate is decorated with ring-and-dot motifs, one in each corner and a further four smaller circles in the centre of the headplate. These smaller circular punches are arranged in a triangle, with three along the base (the one to the left is just visible) and one at the top. The headplate shows signs of green coloured corrosion in the areas where the silvering has flaked off the surface. A short, curved bow with a raised vertical ridge is attached to the headplate. It is extremely worn and possibly has some very worn ring-and-dot decoration along its length, see lower right of the bow in the photograph. The bow is 12mm thick, however its shape in profile is unknown. The bow terminates on a lozenge shaped footplate with a widened foot. The lozenge is the widest part of the brooch, mesuring 11mm across. Ring-and-dot punchmarks decorate the foot; there are two small punches at the top and centre of the lozenge, and slightly larger punches in the other angles of the lozenge. The widened foot at the base of the lozenge has three ring-and-dot punchmarks along its straight edge, and one positioned just below the lower ring-and-dot punch of the lozenge. The front of the brooch is now a dull silver colour with some dark grey-black patches, particularly around the edges. The reverse is a dull green-grey colour, with some orange-red iron corrosion around the hinge, probably the remains of an iron pin spring. The missing catchplate should have been situated on the reverse of the footplate. The brooch is 43mm in length and weighs 9.16 grams. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, 525AD.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy small long brooch with a dull green patina. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate irrespective of the footplate shape. The square headplate is 14mm wide, and is attached to a short, curved bow which is 8mm thick. The footplate is comprised of a sub-triangular shape, with the lower half extending into a lozenge. The base of the lozenge then flairs out to a worn foot. The overall shape of the footplate could be likened to a rectangle with two semi-circles removed from each of the long edges of the footplate. The overall length of the brooch is 37mm. There is no visible decoration on any part of the brooch. The hinge and catchplate survive on the reverse of the headplate and footplate respectively, but the pin is missing. Pins on Anglo-Saxon brooches were usually made from iron, thus it is likely that the pin has completely corroded. Small long brooches date from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, to the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a broken bow, missing footplate and pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, square headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The square headplate is decorated with ring-and-dot designs, one in each corner. Only a small fragment of the bow survives and is attached to the lower edge of the headplate. The partial bow appears to be undecorated and the break is worn. The intergral part of the hinge is attached to the reverse of the brooch, and there is some iron corrosion which implies that the missing pin was made from iron. The catchplate would have been intergrally cast to the reverse of the footplate. The original record states that the surface of the brooch was silvered, however the extent of the dilvering that survives, and the patina of the brooch are unknown due to the black and white photograph. The remaining sections of the brooch are 15.6mm long, is 15.4mm across at the widest point and has a miximum thickness of 7mm. The brooch weighs 2.5 grams. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate and pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, square headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The square headplate is decorated with four circular punchmarks, one in each corner. There is a slightly recessed moulding of two horizontal lines where the headplate joins to the bow. The undecorated bow is wide and quite short, with a worn, rounded end where it would have originally been attached to the footplate. The curved bow is almost 'D' shaped in profile. The intergral part of the hinge is attached to the reverse of the brooch, and there is some iron corrosion which implies that the missing pin was made from iron. The catchplate would have been intergrally cast to the reverse of the footplate. The patina and colouration are unknown due to the black and white photograph. The remaining sections of the brooch are 30.3mm long, is 19.4mm across at the widest point and has a miximum thickness of 7.7mm. The brooch weighs 6.6 grams. Small long brooches were in use from the lare 5th century, circa 475AD until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

An Anglo-Saxon small long brooch, of unknown type. Small long brooches date from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD. They are cast in copper alloy and usually have an iron sprung pin.

Fragment of the headplate of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy cruciform brooch, with perforated lug on reverse for the attachment of the pin.

Headplate and upper half of bow of a copper alloy cruciform brooch. The rectangular headplate has a half-rounded knob projecting from its top and right edges. A third knob that would have projected from the left edge is missing. A groove runs lengthwise down the centre of the bow. There are two perforated lugs on the back of the headplate for the attachment of the pin, each with a trace of iron corrosion on them.

A gilded silver Kentish keystone disc brooch of Avent's Class 2.1. The brooch is small with a narrow border of impressed triangles placed apex to base to form a pattern of zig-zag impressions which are inlaid with niello. Lying inside and against the border is a finely beaded gilt frame and within this the field is divided into gilded zones by three sub-rectangular cells lying against a circular central cell. The three cells are filled with plate garnets set over waffle patterned gold foil, the central cell is empty. Each of the three gilded fields is entirely filled with a single, highly stylised Style I zoomorph consisting of a head and back leg only. The back of the brooch is plain with the catchplate and broken pin fastening still soldered in position.

Head and bow of a cast copper alloy cruciform brooch. The head-plate comprises a central sub-rectangular panel which narrows towards the top, and which terminates in a half-rounded knob. A series of >-shaped indents are just visible running down either side of this panel. A trapezoidal wing extends from either side of the central plate; these expand away from the central panel, and each has a half-rounded knob projecting from their long, side, edge. A single perforated lug for the spring projects from the rear of the head-plate. This is set just slightly off-centre relative to the top knob. Only very slight traces of iron corrosion indicate the former presence of the iron spring/pin. The arched bow narrows towards the (missing) foot. This has a flat sub-rectangular cross-section at either end, but for most of its length it has a curved, hollow-backed section. The break at the base of the bow is worn. The brooch has an even light green patina. The half-rounded knobs place the brooch in Aberg's Group II-IV. Most if not all cruciform brooches known from Kent are early types that date from the mid 5th to very early 6th centuries. This appears to be one of the more elaborate examples known from Kent, but was probably manufactured sometime in the late 5th century, and is unlikely to have been in circulation later than circa 525 AD.

Anglo-Saxon bow brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete as the headplate is missing, but brooches with similar footplates are known with a semi-circular head, which would classify them as miniature radiate-headed brooches rather than small long brooches. The short, curved bow is almost 'D' shaped in profile, and it has a worn, rounded end where it would have attached to a headplate. The base of the bow has a rounded end where it is attached to a rectangular footplate. Two hemispherical knops or lappets project from the top corners of the footplare, and two smaller circular knops project from the bottom corners. There is no decoration on either the footplate or the bow. Part of the catchplate survives on the reverse of the footplate. The hinge would have been on the reverse of the missing headplate. The remaining sections of the bow are 33.6mm long and is 12.85mm across at the widest point. Overall thickness, including the catchplate and bow, is 8.8mm, whilst weight is 4.05g. The brooch has a mixed green and light green patina.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy artefact. The artefact has a D shaped profile, with a narrow rectangular terminal at one end, and a sub-triangular terminal at the other. The object was originally identified as a bow brooch due to the D shaped profile similar to that common on 5th and 6th century brooches. However, there is no evidence on the reverse for a catchplate to secure a pin. The rectangular end of the artefact has a curved groove running along the reverse with worn edges along both lengths. This possibly contibuted for the original identification of the artefact as a brooch, as sprung pins may be attached in such a characteristic, however this does not appear to be the case with this artefact.

Headplate and part of bow of a silver square-headed brooch. A rectangular garnet is set horizontally in the centre of the headplate. Around this is a rectangular band of zig-zagged niello inlay. Brooch now on display in Dover Museum, so not handled by Andrew Richardson during checking of this record.

Gilt Anglo-Saxon button-type brooch with a central round garnet setting. A 'helmet' of the Class B button brooch style (human face design) is situated directly above the garnet, however the remaining decoration does not resemble a face despite the garnet setting originally described as an 'eye'. There are two raised semi-circles curving around the lower half of the garnet. A flat undecorated border encompasses the design and there is an upturned rim giving the brooch a 'saucer' shape. However, the size of the brooch and the helmet decoration suggests a possible relationship or derivative of the button brooch hence the Button-Type classification rather than a saucer brooch which is larger in size. Other button-type brooches also contain a central garnet setting, but these rarely have the helmet motif of true button brooches. The pin is horizontal relative to the front of the brooch.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Aii. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch measurements and weight for this brooch are unknown. The brooch is in good condition, with only slight wear on some raised areas and on edge of rim. Bright yellow gilt survives on majority of the brooch face. The upturned rim is damaged around the edge. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed, but slightly rounded helmet possibly with beading along its length. Immediately below the helmet is the curved eyebrow element with slightly upturned ends. A narrow nose which flares out at the nostrils is attached to the centre of the eyebrow element. The rounded eyes have eye-rings situated below; the one on the left is curved and well placed, while the one on the right is not curved. The cheeks are full. The face has a narrow bar with an indent representing a slightly open mouth. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of incised zigzags surrounding the face. The details of the reverse of the brooch are unknown as they were not recorded on the original PAS record. The brooch is well made and bears a strong resemblance to Class Ai (especially Howletts 18.3, 18.4 and 18.5). However, the unsymmetrical eye-rings and the single bar mouth, instead of an open mouth with a moustache, places this brooch in class Aii.

Foot and part of the bow of a cast copper alloy brooch. This may be a cruciform brooch, and was recorded as such when found. However the photograph suggests it could instead be an earlier type of brooch with a simple narrow head and footplate.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate. The headplate is square with flat semi-circular knops projected from the headplate on thin bars on all sides except the lower edge where the bow is attached. This gives the headplate the overall shape of a cross/trefoil. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class A trefoil headed small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, trefoil headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The main surface of the headplate is undecorated, however a series of small ring-and dot punches border the edge of the headplate. The ring-and-dots have been partially worn from the surface of the two knops to either side of the headplate. These knops are particularly worn, and have damaged and chipped edges. The brooch appears slightly bent where the headplate joins the bow. The curved bow has a row of small ring and dots running vertically down its centre. The extent of the curve of the bow is unknown, as no image of the brooch in profile was supplied. There is a worn break at the base of the bow, where it would have originally been attached to a footplate. No information is availiable on the reverse of the brooch, however it is unlikely that the pin survives as it was probably made of iron and corroded. The catchplate would have been located on the reverse of the missing footplate., The hinge would have been located on the reverse of the headplate, however its condition is unknown. The length of the remaining sections of brooch is 35mm , and it is 24mm across at the widest point. The weight and thickness of the brooch is unknown. The patina and colouration of the brooch is unknown due to a black and white photograph being used for identification. A similar headplate to this example can be seen in the West Stow report, Figure 260, 1-2. Small Brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Copper alloy cruciform brooch with single full-round knob projecting from the top of the headplate, and horse's head terminal on footplate.

Good condition Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Ai. The brooch is 22 mm in diameter, and the thickness and weight are unknown. The brooch is slightly worn the raised decoration, with pale gilding remaining on all surfaces except on the edge of the rim, the nose of the facemask and 10% of the decorative border. This example has a complete, undamaged upturned rim. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with upturned ends, with a series of circular punchmarks running along its length. Immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows with upturned ends, and is joined in the centre to a nose that flairs out at the nostrils. The eyes are small and rounded with curved, well placed eye-rings below. The oval shaped cheeks are full and almost completely rounded. The face has a wide, open mouth comprised of two pointed bars; the upper bar extends over the lower bar, and possibly represents a moustache. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of small circular punchmarks on its inside edge. The reverse of the brooch is unknown; its details were not recorded with the original PAS record.

One of two Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooches. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The measurements for this example are unknown. The brooch is presumably decorated with a face mask motif, however the exact form is unknown, thus it cannot be attributed to an Avent and Evison classification. It is unknown if the brooch has an upturned rim or any additional decoration, such as punchmarks or beading. The amount of gilt, if any, on the face of the brooch is also unknown. The details of the reverse of the brooch were not recorded. Button brooches usually had an iron pin attached, however some examples had a copper alloy pin. It is unknown what material was used to construct the pin for this example.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Ei.

A copper alloy ansate brooch 'of Continental type'.

Gilt copper alloy equal armed brooch, decorated with Style I ornament and set with two small garnets.

A worn and incomplete copper alloy square-headed brooch.

A copper alloy square-headed brooch.

Copper alloy cruciform brooch, a late variant of Aberg's Group I, with fully rounded knobs.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy Avent and Evison Class A miscellaneous button brooch with a gilt surface; the extent of gilding that remains on the surface is unknown, due to identification from a black and white photograph. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch is in good condition, except for the shallow, upturned rim, which only partially survives. It is 16mm in diameter, however all other measurements and weights remain unknown. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a very small pointed helmet with slightly upturned ends. A curved eyebrow unit with upturned ends is situated immediately below the helmet. A wide nose that flares out very slightly at the nostrils is attached to the centre of the eyebrow element. The large rounded eyes are uneven in size, with the left being slightly larger than the right. There are no eye-rings, with the area beneath the eyes being almost completely filled with large curved cheeks. The right cheek has been damaged in the centre. The area below the cheeks is filled with a large, open mouth comprised of two curved bars of equal length. There is a decorative border surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of four concentric rings. The outer ring, closest to the rim, is an incised line, while the remaining three rings are formed of punchmarks. The two rings closest to the face-mask are made of small circular punches; however these are not well placed as the punches to the lower left run into each other. The outer ring of punchmarks is formed of larger circles, and some punches appear to have been misplaced, especially at the apex of the ring. The details of the reverse of the brooch are unknown as they were not recorded on the original PAS record.

Bow and one arm of a copper alloy ansate brooch. These brooches date to the Middle Anglo-Saxon period, circa 725-850 AD.

A broken copper alloy ansate brooch. One arm and the bow are extant. Brooches of this type date to the Middle Anglo-Saxon period, circa 725-850 AD.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate, irrespective of the footplate shape. The square headplate is 16mm wide and is attached to a very short, wide bow with concave edges which then widen out into a sub-triangular footplate. The shape of the bow in profile is unknown, however from the images availiable it appears to be almost flat with a slight curve. The entire surface of the brooch is heavily worn, and there is no apparent decoration. It has been suggested that the brooch was deliberately ground down, and that the sub-triangular footplate was originally lozenge form. The surviving sections of the brooch are 31mm long. The reverse of the brooch has an intergral hinge and catchplate surviving behind the headplate and footplates respectively. The pin is missing. Most pins on early Anglo-Saxon brooches were made in iron, thus is it possible that the pin has completelu corroded however there does not appear to be any iron staining on the reverse of the brooch. The patina and colouration are unknown due to the black and white photograph. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate. The headplate is 22mm across at the widest point. The centre of the headplate is square, with small semi-circular recesses to either side of the bow which are mirrored on the top edge of the headplate. There is an intergral flat rectangular bars/knops on the three free edges of the headplate. The headplate shape attributes this brooch to Leeds class B, cross-potent headplate type. The bars on both vertical lengths of the headplate are decorated with two or three incised lines. The headplate is heavily damaged due to agricultural activity with several lines gouged into its surface. There is a slightly recesses moulding where the headplate joins to the bow. The bow is wide and quite short, with a worn rounded end where it would have originally been attached to the footplate. The bow does not appear to be decorated, however this is unclear due to the lighting in the photograph. The shape of the bow in profile is also unknown, as only a photograph of the upper surface of the brooch was provided for identification. The total length of the remaining sections of the brooch is 31mm. The shape of the missing footplate cannot be speculated as they can be a range of different shapes on small long brooches. The condition of the reverse of the brooch, including hinge, pin and catchplate is unknown. The patina and colouration are also unknown due to the black and white photograph. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

This Anglo-Saxon brooch fragment was originally identified as one arm from an equal armed brooch. However, the photograph appears to show the footplate of a small long brooch, imitating a Kentish square headed brooch. The brooch cannot be attributed to Leeds (1945) typology for small long brooches, as the classification was based upon the shape of the headplate and did not take into account the range of footplate shapes. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing bow and headplate. The surviving footplate is also incomplete, there is a worn break across its base showing the the remains of a ring and dot motif. The lower part of the bow is still attached, and the break across it is extremely worn. The footplate is lozenge shaped with moulded, curved projections on the upper two edges. These projections appear to be an imitation of the footplate design of Kentish square headed brooches. The foot is decorated with a large, central ring and dot design, comprised of two rings. There is a smaller ring and dot motif, with only one ring each, in each of the corners of the lozenge. However, as already stated the lower ring and dot motif has a break through it. The reverse of the brooch is unknown, only the front of the brooch is seen in the photograph provided. Small long brooches have a range of different shaped headplates, thus the shape of the missing headplate cannot be speculated. The patina and colouration of the brooch is also unknown due to the photograph being black and white. The remaining section of the brooch is 19mm in length, and is 14mm across at the widest point. The thickness and weight of the brooch are unknown. Small long brooches were in use from circa 475AD through to the early 6th Century.

A copper alloy Anglo-Saxon saucer brooch, with part of rim missing.

Headplate, bow and part of the foot of a copper alloy square-headed brooch. The head is rectangular and the incomplete foot is lozenge-shaped. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object was found on a rally at Great Mongeham (on 11.9.1993) and has been identified from the image only.

Copper alloy cruciform brooch, with lower part of foot missing. Central headplate with traces of three projecting knobs, and possibly small wings projecting from each side of the headplate.

Copper alloy ansate brooch, with two symmetrical oval arms, each decorated with a ring-and-dot motif. Weetch dates this type to the 8th to 10th centuries.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This cast copper alloy brooch is incomplete due to a missing footplate and pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. However, square headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The square headplate is 15mm wide and decorated with a central ring and dot design, comprised of two rings. The undecorated bow is wide and quite short, with a worn rounded end where it would have originally been attached to the footplate. The thickness of the bow and its shape in profile are unknown due to only the only image being of the front of the brooch. The total length of the remaining brooch sections is 24mm. The reverse of the brooch is unknown, except that the pin (probably made from iron, as with most early Anglo-Saxon brooch pins) is missing, and the catchplate would have been situated behing the footplate. The brooch has damaged edges, especially around the headplate most likely due to agricultural activity. The patina and colouration are unknown. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD until the early 6th century, circa 525AD.

Bow and headplate of a copper alloy cruciform brooch. A knob projects from the top of the headplate, and the remains of a second knob projects from the left side of the headplate.

Rectangular head plate of a copper alloy small long brooch, decorated with ring-and-dot punchmark at each corner, and a larger ring-and-dot punchmark in the centre. The top right corner of the headplate is damaged. The hinge survives on the rear of the headplate, and the top part of the bow is also extant.

Foot and part of bow of a copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The bow is decorated with several pairs of transverse lines. Between two of these pairs, two rows of three half ring-and-dot punchmarks run down the centre of the lower bow. There is a horse head design on the foot; the nostrils of the horse are elaborate, and appear to be decorated with Style I animals or birds. The transverse break about halfway up the bow is worn. The integral catchplate survives on the reverse.

Copper alloy cruciform brooch, with horse's head foot, and three half-round knobs on the headplate. The headplate has a central rectangular section, with a narrow wing projecting from each side. The footplate projects from the bow at a slight angle to the right. An integral catchplate and hinge survive on the back. The pin is missing.

A copper alloy small long brooch. The brooch has a small rectangular head, with a possibly zoomorphic relief design. The foot of the brooch is trapezoidal, with transverse linear decoration. On the back of the headplate is a single integral attachment lug, now broken. An integral catchplate runs the length of the foot. Traces of iron corrosion on the back of the headplate and foot are presumably the remains the pin.

Greater part of a copper alloy cruciform brooch. Rectangular headplate with fully rounded top knob, bow and upper half of foot. Part of a single perforated lug for the attachment of a pin survives on the back of the headplate. Part of an integral catchplate is extant on the back of the footplate.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface; the extent of gilding surviving on the surface of the brooch is unknown. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class C, which is decorated with a very stylised face-mask design that is symmetrical and comprised of 7 elements. There is a small, round helmet with flat base. A line of circular punch-marks runs along its base. Below the helmet are two curved lines that extend down the face of the brooch forming the eyebrow element, and they encompass the eyes, eye-rings and cheeks. The nose is formed out of the space between these two curves. The eyes are comprised of an angled semi-circle situated in the apex of the 'eyebrow' curves. There are two narrow bars parallel to the base of each eye, which most likely represent the eye-rings and cheek elements. The mouth is formed of a curved line above a crescent with a flat base. A ring of beading surrounds the facemask. The brooch is slightly worn on the raised areas of decoration, and the edge of the brooch is worn where most of the upturned rim has been broken off. It is 18mm in diameter; the other measurements are unknown for this brooch. The condition of reverse of the brooch, including the pin, pin lug and catchplate are unknown, as this information was not recorded with the original PAS record.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Aii, similar to Bifrons 6.2. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch is 20mm in diameter, the thickness and weight are unknown. The brooch is very worn on decorative border and has some wear on raised surfaces. The extent of gilt that remains on the surface of the brooch is unknown, due to identification from a black and white photograph. This brooch has a missing rim, with partial remains on the lower right hand side, the surviving edge of the brooch is very worn. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with a series of circular punchmarks running along its length. Immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows with slightly upturned ends, which are joined in the centre to a wide nose that flares out at the nostrils. The eyes are relatively large and rounded with curved eye-rings below; although both eyerings are well placed, the left eye-ring is less curved. The oval shaped cheeks are full and almost completely rounded. The face has a narrow, slightly open mouth, with both the curved upper and lower element of the mouth being of the same length. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border containing a ring of beading on the inside edge, and a further ring of small circular punchmarks towards the rim edge. The reverse of the brooch is unknown; its details were not recorded with the original PAS record.

Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch. The brooch was cast in copper alloy and is complete except for the pin. This brooch has been attributed to Leeds (1945) class D square headed (plain) small long brooches, which is based upon the shape of the headplate, irrespective of the footplate shape. The square headplate is 45mm wide and decorated with a ring and dot motif in each of the four corners. The headplate is attached to a long, narrow and undecorated bow. The shape of the bow in profile is unknown, as the brooch has been identified from the attached photographs. The base of the bow is attached to a sub-triangular footplate with rounded corners, with the lower tip having a worn break. Simple ring and dot decoration is used on the foot at both top corners, and there a further ring and dot in the centre of the plate. The brooch is 46mm long in total. The reverse of the brooch has an intergral hinge and catchplate, while the pin (presumably iron, as with most Anglo-Saxon brooch pins) is missing. The brooch has a fairly worn surface, and the headplate has begun to corrode. The patina and colourations of the brooch are unknown. Small-long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, until the early 6th Century, circa 525AD.

Cast silver gilt fragment of a plated disc brooch. Outer border decorated with groups of transverse ridges, inner border of nielloed zig-zag. Recessed central plate is cracked and pierced by a disc-headed rivet. Back has outer border of cast zig-zags alternating with plain panels, and inner border of transverse ridges alternating with plain panels, both showing traces of gilding.

Headplate and half of bow of a copper alloy cruciform brooch. The central headplate has small wings on either side, each with a side knob projecting from them. A third knob projects from the top of the central plate. A groove runs lengthwise down either side of the bow.

Part of the bow and upper half of footplate of an Anglo-Saxon bow brooch, probably a cruciform brooch. The bow is plain but there are three groups of transverse lines across the upper part of the foot.

The foot of a copper alloy cruciform brooch, with zoomorphic terminal in the shape of a horse's head.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch with a gilt surface. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class A, an exact sub-classification cannot be attributed as the brooch has been identified from a poor quality photograph, and is unavailable for study. Weights and measurements are also unavailable. The brooch appears slightly worn; however this is unclear due to the quality of the photograph. The extent of gilding that remains on the surface is unknown. The rim of the brooch is missing, leaving a central face-mask motif and a decorative border. The face-mask motif is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with upturned ends, with small punch-marks or beading running along its length. The eyebrow element is situated directly below the helmet, however its exact shape cannot be determined, the same is true for the nose element, due to lighting levels in the photograph. The eyes appear to be rounded with curved eye-rings situated below. The cheeks are full and rounded. The open mouth appears to be off centre; however this could be due to a shadow on the photograph. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of relatively large circular punchmarks. The details of the reverse of the brooch are unknown as they were not recorded on the original PAS record

Copper alloy equal-armed brooch. Helen Geake writes: It is a pity that, in the absence of an image or description, we do not know if this is an early Anglo-Saxon equal-armed brooch or a middle Anglo-Saxon equal-armed or 'ansate' brooch.

A copper alloy ansate brooch. There is a transverse rib at either end and in the middle of the bow. Brooches of this type date to the Middle Anglo-Saxon period, 8th or 9th century.

Foot and lower half of bow of an Anglo-Saxon copper alloy brooch, probably from a radiate-headed brooch. Foot-plate consists of a narrow pointed terminal with a projecting semi-circular knob projecting from either side just below the junction with the bow.

Anglo-Saxon copper alloy disc brooch, decorated with a central ring-and-dot punchmark, with a very small hole in the centre of the punchmark. An indented circular band surrounds the punchmark, roughly equidistant between the centre and rim of the brooch. An integral catchplate and attachment lug survive on the back of the brooch, and the remains of a copper alloy pin is attached to the lug.

Gilded silver terminal and stubs of the ends of the raised frame round the foot-plate of a Frankish rectangular or semicircular-headed bow brooch. The terminal is in the form of an animal head with slanting, lentoid eyes, divided by a Y-shaped rib pointing to a broad, transverse band above two narrow, transverse ribs above the damaged, flat, semicircular end. There are also two narrow, V-shaped ribs above the Y, giving a furrowed brow appearance.

A copper alloy small long brooch, with silver plating over both front and reverse surfaces. Square head plate, bow, foot tapers outwards to trapezoid-shaped terminal. The head and footplates are decorated with a simple border of two parallel incised lines. No other decoration is visible. The corroded remains of the iron spring and part of the pin survive on the rear of the headplate, as does the integral catchplate on the rear just below the bow.

Small Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series III, made from gilded copper alloy. The headplate consists of a single rectangular panel with a raised undecorated border. The panel is divided into two by a short vertical band, and in each half is an identical relief motif which looks a little like a rectilinear scroll. The bow has a raised central longitudinal raised band flanked on either side by a groove and an outer raised band. These raised bands continue onto the foot, and the outer ones flare out to accommodate a tiny pointed-oval panel on either side filled with a pointed-oval ridge. Below and between, the central raised band bifurcates to form a lozenge-shaped panel which is filled with a stylised human face. This has a flaring nose, a pellet eye to either side, a curved ridge around the outside of each eye and, filling in the corners, a blob which probably represents a cheek. The raised border of the lozenge extends downwards and is probably broken, with a missing terminal. The finds recording form, and a drawing, indicate that there is a mass of corroded iron on the reverse of the headplate which probably represents the spring and pin of the brooch. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD.

Bow and part of headplate from a gilded Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series I or III (this depends on the material; see below). The headplate fragment has a central panel with zoomorphic Style I decoration (one very neat leg is clearly visible), surrounded by a raised band with inlaid niello decoration. There appears to be some kind of relief decoration outside this raised band as well, although the surviving fragment here is very small. The bow has a raised central band running longitudinally, dividing two panels of Style I decoration. These have slightly lower raised bands running around the three other sides. The nearest parallel in Leigh 1980 is one from Bifrons grave 63. Early Anglo-Saxon, first half of sixth century AD. This object has been identified from the image only, and from this appears to be of gilded silver (with some copper-alloy corrosion in the centre of the bow). The original find recording form, however, states that the brooch is gilded copper alloy. If the brooch is silver, it will be of Leigh's series I; if copper alloy, it will be of Leigh's series III.

Head and bow of copper alloy cruciform brooch, with a single full-rounded knob projecting from the top of a narrow rectangular headplate. There are faint traces of an incised line running just inside either edge of the headplate. An irregular projection from the base of the knob on the reverse may be a result of miscasting. A single perforated integral lug on the back of the headplate has the remains of an iron spring surviving. The bow of the brooch has a sub-rectangular cross section at its junction with the headplate, and a flattened rounded section for the rest of its surviving length. The brooch, which has an even green patina, appears to be rather worn, and has some pitting on its surface. The fully rounded knob places the brooch in Aberg's Group I, and it dates to the second half of the 5th century AD.

An incomplete cast Copper later early-Medieval nummular disc brooch. Description: The brooch has a double beaded rim with a central crowned or helmeted bust, left, at its centre in copying contemporary coin styles. The reverse has a pin lug at the top with evidence of the iron pin corroding to it, but the catchplate is missing. Measurements: Thickness: 6 mm and Diameter: 29 mm Discussion: This brooch fits a group of late saxon disc brooches which copy, or appear to copy coinage of the period see Weetch (2013), with the variants being divided by whether they copy obverse or reverse designs. Weetch would thus classify this brooch as type 2.Ai and indeed included this example in her corpus as no. 188. They date c.eighth/early ninth century to 11th, although become increasingly uncommon in the 11th century.

Anglo-Saxon small long brooch. This brooch was cast in copper alloy, and is now incomplete as the headplate is broken and the footplate missing. The complete headplate would have been cross-pattee shaped attributing it to Leeds (1945) class C, which is based upon the shape of the headplate. Cross-pattee headed small long brooches can have a variety of different shaped footplates, thus the shape of the missing footplate on this example cannot be speculated. The surviving section of the headplate is comprised of two projections, one on the left edge and one on the top edge. They are sub-rectangular in shape with two concave edges and one flat edge. The top projection contains a ring and dot motif. There would have originally been a row of three ring an dot designs running across the headplate in a horizontal line, one in each projection and the third in the centre. Two of these designs are intact, while the third can only be partially seen where the projection on the right of the headplate has broken off. The break on the headplate is worn, and there is some damage on the other projections. The curved bow is undecorated and has a worn break at its base where it originally attached to a footplate. The hinge is still attached on the reverse of the headplate, however the pin is missing. There is some iron corrosion on the reverse of the brooch, and this is presumably the remains of the iron pin. The catchplate would have been situated behind the footplate. The remaining section of the brooch is approximately 30mm long, no other measurements are known. The patina and colouration of the brooch is unknown due to the black and white photograph used for identification. Small long brooches were in use from the late 5th century, circa 475AD, through to the early 6th centruy, circa 525AD.

Gilt copper alloy enamelled disc brooch, with central white cruciform or floral setting, surrounded by four tear-drop settings and dark enamel background. Pin missing, but traces of iron? fixing on back of brooch.

Part of the headplate and part of the bow from a gilded Kentish square-headed brooch, of Leigh's series I or III (this depends on the material; see below). A little more than half of the headplate survives. In the centre of the headplate is a rectangular setting which probably originally held a garnet. In the surviving upper and lower corners are pointed-oval settings, the lower of which retains a garnet. Between the settings is rather schematic Style I decoration, mostly consisting of C shapes and drop shapes. A double ridge runs vertically across the centre of the headplate, above and below the central rectangular setting. The Style I does not appear to be symmetrical about this central line. The headplate frame consists of a series of beaded borders running around all the surviving edges - top, bottom and one side. The top appears to have three or four beaded borders with a wider undecorated border forming the edge. The side and bottom edges have a single beaded border, and outside this is a border which may be inlaid with a niello zig-zag or opposed offset triangles; it is hard to see from the photo, though, and this border may possibly alternatively consist of a row of pellets set within a groove. The bow is of disc-on-bow type, and just less than half survives. The top is flat and has the remains of a circular hole through which the disc would have been riveted. Three pairs of grooves survive on the bow, all running down from the central flat circle; one runs down towards the centre of the headplate and the other two to the edge of the headplate. From parallels (e.g. Bifrons grave 64) there would probably have been three matching pairs of grooves on the lower part of the bow. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object has been identified from the image only, and from this appears to be of gilded silver; there is no trace of green corrosion on the image and the workmanship and design is of surprisingly high quality for a copper-alloy brooch. The original finds recording form, however, states that the brooch is of gilded copper alloy. If the brooch is silver, it will be of Leigh's series I; if copper alloy, it will be of Leigh's series III.

Part of the headplate and part of the bow from a gilded Kentish square-headed brooch, of Leigh's series I or III (this depends on the material; see below). The headplate is missing its outer borders around all edges; there is a raised inner border decorated with opposed offset triangles inlaid with niello. Within this is a rectangular panel of relief decoration consisting of two back-to-back Style I animals. The bodies are made up of a wide ridge between two narrower ridges, and each has a rear leg towards the outside of the headplate and a foreleg towards the centre of the headplate; the heads are in the centre at the top of the headplate. Each head begins with a browband made up of two parallel ridges with pellets in between, and above this is a triangular ear. Below the browband is a nose, eye and cheek, with open jaws forming the mouth. There is no very close parallel in Leigh's catalogue (1980), but the brooch from Bifrons grave 41 (brooch 1). This also has a disc on the bow, and animals with similar heads in the headplate frame. The Bifrons brooch dates from the late fifth or early sixth century, and this brooch must be of similar date. This object has been identified from the image only, and from this appears to be of gilded silver; there is no trace of green corrosion on the image and the workmanship and design is of extremely high quality for a copper-alloy brooch. The original finds recording form, however, states that the brooch is of gilded bronze. If the brooch is silver, it will be of Leigh's series I; if copper alloy, it will be of Leigh's series III.

Small Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series III, made from gilded copper alloy. The headplate has lost most if not all of its top and side edges; a central rectangular panel survives, filled with vertical ribbing (parallel to the direction of the bow) which appears to consist of ridges separated by alternating wider and narrower grooves. A broad groove surrounds this central panel. The bow has a broad raised band running down the centre, and on either side are narrow longitudinal beaded ridges. The foot is very incomplete, but raised bands can be seen forming a lozenge shape with incurved sides. Above and to either side of this lozenge is an incomplete panel of relief decoration. Within the lozenge are concentric lozenges made up of beaded or notched ridges. Very similar to KENT4436; parallels from Leigh's catalogue (1980) include Chessell Down no. 9 and Howletts no. 1. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object has been identified from the image only.

Cast copper alloy miniature radiate-headed brooch with three knops projecting from edge of the semi-circular headplate, two of which are missing. Decorated with a row of dots punched around outer edge of headplate, bow and foot. The bow has a triangular cross-section. The foot is sub-rectangular with a semi-circular projection either side at the junction with the bow. There is a single perforated lug, slightly off-centre, on the reverse of the headplate, with the corroded remains of the iron spring attached. The incomplete catchplate projects from the upper part of the back of the footplate. Similar to a brooch from Grimston, Norfolk (HER no. 13800; Ashley and Rogerson 1992, p. 361-2).

Part of lozenge shaped footplate of Anglo-Saxon brooch, type unknown. Series of rings stamped around edges. Part of catchplate survives on back.

Anglo-Saxon S-shaped brooch, gilt copper alloy, decorated with Style I animal art on front. Plain back with iron corrosion on surface, probably remains of pin.

Equal-armed brooch with triangular head and foot plates with rounded edges. Small punched ring motif around edges of head and foot. Integral catchplate and perforated lug for pin on back, but pin missing. Compare IOW-A1F47D, BUC-F80606, etc. The dating of these brooches is helped by one having been found in a grave at Frilford, now in the British Museum (1867,0204.8).

Bow and foot of cruciform brooch. Head plate, spring and pin missing. Part of catchplate survives on foot.

Circular disc brooch, with four projecting lugs around rim, spaced approximately in equidistant pairs. Face of brooch decorated with floral motif in blue, dark blue, red and clear enamel.

Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy disc brooch, measuring 28mm in diameter and is 7mm thick. The brooch is comprised of four decorative zones. There is a large ring and dot motif in the central design, and a small hole directly in the centre of the brooch. The next zone has small ring and dot punches arranged in a circle. This is bound by a zone filled with 5 concentric rings. The outer zone is decorated in the same fashion as the second zone, with punched rin and dot motifs. The surface of the brooch is in relatively good condition except for a worn rim and a crack running from the hole in the centre of the brooch to the outer edge. The pin and hinge are missing from the reverse of the brooch, but the catchplate is still intact. The brooch has a dull green-black patina with some lighter patches of green corrosion. Disc brooches are dated to the early Anglo-Saxon period, circa 450AD to 550AD.

Small Kentish square-headed brooch of Leigh's series III, made from copper alloy with some gilding surviving. The headplate is almost square, with a central rectangular panel decorated with vertical ribbing (parallel to the direction of the bow). This is surrounded by a series of rectilinear borders. The bow has a central raised longitudinal band which runs a little way down onto the footplate. Either side of this raised band, at the top of the footplate, is a roughly oval panel of relief decoration. The centre of the footplate has a small raised circle which could just possibly be a setting for a stone, although the lack of a garnet in the headplate makes the presence of a garnet on the footplate less likely. This circle is surrounded by a lozenge, probably formed from ridges, and then outside this is a raised band forming a larger lozenge with incurved sides. The foot is elongated towards the bottom and ends in an expanded terminal which appears to have rectangular relief decoration. The original compiler of the finds recording form has stated that the catchplate and hinge are intact, but that the pin is missing. The best parallel from Leigh's catalogue is from Chessell Down no. 9. Early Anglo-Saxon, sixth century AD. This object has been identified from a rather low-resolution image only.

Disc brooch, with raised central boss, fittings for pin (missing) on reverse, loop one side and catchplate on the other.

Disc brooch with raised central boss, five rows of dots on outer, pattern on central section, loop on reverse, catchplate missing (small hole).

Foot of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch with zoomorphic terminal.

Foot and lower part of bow of a copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The terminal of the foot has zoomorphic decoration in the form of a horse's head. Part of the catchplate remains above the terminal on the reverse. The break, just above the junction of the bow and foot, is worn.

KENT-6F8B57: BROOCH
Anglo-Saxon cast copper alloy button brooch. This brooch is an example of Avent and Evison Class Ai. Button brooches are circular in shape and resemble miniature saucer brooches, although the relationship between these two brooch classes is not clear. The brooch is 16mm in diameter and has a maximum thickness of 3mm, the weight is unknown. The brooch is worn and corroded on all surfaces, and has a dull brown patina with no gilding remaining on the surface. The rim is missing from this brooch and it has a worn damaged edge. The upper face is decorated with a face-mask motif, which is comprised of 7 different elements. There is a pointed helmet with upturned ends, and immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows, again with upturned ends. The centre of the eyebrows joins to a narrow nose which flares out at the nostrils. The eyes are small and rounded with heavily worn, curved, well placed eye-rings below. The cheeks are full and rounded. The face has an open mouth with an upper element with upturned ends extending over the lower element, possibly representing a moustache. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a flat decorative border with a ring of notched radial lines on its inside edge; due to wear this ring of lines only partially remains on the brooch. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a pin lug and a catchplate, the latter having a small amount of iron corrosion around it, implies that an iron pin was originally attached to the brooch. The pin was positioned across the face at a slight angle, with the pin lug at 273 degrees and the catchplate at 93 degrees; these angles correspond to the face of the brooch as opposed to the reverse so they are comparable with the measurements from Avent and Evison's research.

KENT-6FA723: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy Anglo-Saxon ansate brooch. There is transverse linear decoration on each arm, and traces of the iron hinge survive on the reverse, along with an integral catchplate. Weetch allocated this brooch to her Type X.Ai, which she dates to the 8th or 9th centuries.

KENT-6C64A1: BROOCH
Cast copper alloy small long brooch. Square head, with hole in each quadrant of the headplate. Linear decoration on bow, foot plate broken.

KENT-131D68: BROOCH
Cast gilt copper-alloy button-type brooch. The front of the brooch has a central circular setting for a garnet (now missing), which is backed with gold foil. Around this setting is a zone of relief 'ropework', consisting of sixteen divisions representing a length of coiled rope? Around this is a beaded circle, which forms the boundary with the rim of the brooch. The remains of the hinge and catchplate survive on the back of the brooch, but there is no trace of the pin, which was probably of iron. The face of the brooch has substantial remains of gilt.

Three fragments of one or more small, Kentish, square-headed brooch(es). The largest fragment comprises a small portion of the head-plate panel and about half of the bow of a brooch. The head-plate has an incomplete and empty rectangular setting, probably for a garnet slice, set just above the centre of the bow. To one side of this a panel of moulded Style I relief ornament is just visible, comprising what may be part of an eye. The bow has a high-relief strip running lengthways down its centre. This appears somewhat worn, but has some small triangular indents towards the headplate end which may have carried niello. Part of the hinge plate survives on the reverse, with some traces of iron adhering, probably from the brooch spring/pin mechanism. There is a jagged break across the headplate and a transverse break across the middle of the bow. These breaks appear sharp and unworn, again suggesting recent damage. The closest parallel in Leigh's corpus would appear to be a Series II brooch from the cemetery at Chessel Down on the Isle of Wight (Cd 4; Leigh 1980, pl.28). This has a very similar bow and a headplate with rectangular garnet setting just above the junction with the bow, flanked by Style I decoration. This would be consistent with items 5-6 below being fragments of the same brooch and, on balance, this seems likely. L. 13.94mm, W. 14.59mm, T. 9.1mm, weight 1.7g. The second fragment comprises one upper corner of a head-plate. The fragment has a single square setting inlaid with a foil-backed garnet slice. The garnet is damaged. A number of brooches in the Kentish square-headed brooch corpus have square garnets inlaid at the upper corners of the headplate, but the settings on the brooch from Chessel Down (Cd 4) referred to above appear very similar to this fragment, strengthening the likelihood that these fragments are derived from a single similar brooch. L. 9.91mm, W. 9.86mm, T. 2.08mm, weight 0.7g. The third fragment comprises the terminal and lower part of a foot-plate. The lower part of the foot-plate comprises one end of what would have been a lozengiform plate. Two ribs emerge from the raised border of the foot terminal, each carrying traces of niello-inlay. The foot-plate terminal is rectangular, with worn and rounded lower edges. Inside the raised outer edge is a rectangle of raised beading, within which is set a rectangular garnet-inlaid setting. The garnet, which is backed by gold foil, is damaged. The transverse break across the footplate is, once again, relatively unworn, with sharp edges, suggesting a recent break. This fragment does not match the terminals on the footplates of the brooches that parallel the other two fragments here discussed (all complete examples of these have drop-shaped garnet settings at their terminals), but is not dissimilar to the setting on the Chessel Down brooch which most closely parallels items 4-5. The ribs merging into a rectangular garnet-inlaid setting are very similar, although the Chessel Down brooch has a much wider rectangular panel at its terminal. Nonetheless, the balance of probability is that this fragment is also part of the same brooch. L. 13.4mm, W. 11.07mm, T. 1.8mm, weight 1.2g.

Part of a silver-gilt small, Kentish, square-headed brooch, inlaid with a pair of drop-shaped garnets, plus a small fragment of the catch-plate. The main fragment comprises the greater part of the foot-plate, and part of the bow, of the brooch. A high-relief, un-gilded, strip being niello inlay runs vertically down the centre of the bow and foot-plate, and horizontally across the foot-plate, thus dividing the foot-plate into four panels. A drop-shaped garnet, backed by panels of gold foil, is inlaid at either end of the horizontal arms of this strip. One of the garnets is damaged an incomplete. The four corner panels on the foot-plate each contain moulded Style I relief ornament, comprising animals with a single eye and stylised limb or body. The gilding on these panels survives well, except in the areas of highest relief. An integral catch-plate is present on the reverse of the foot-plate; part of this has broken off, probably since discovery, but is present. The catch-plate retains part of the iron brooch pin. There are also traces of copper corrosion on the reverse of the brooch, perhaps indicating a relatively high copper content. There is a transverse break across the bow, as well as across the lower part of the foot-plate. These breaks both appear relatively unworn, again suggesting they have occurred relatively recently as a result of contact with agricultural implements. This brooch is closely paralleled by a pair from the Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Bifrons (Bi.41-2 i and ii) and by an example from a burial at Mersham (Me 1). These were assigned by Leigh to his Series II (Leigh 1980, pl.36), dated circa 500-570 AD. L. 23.57mm, W. 29.53mm, T. 9.99mm, weight 5.7g. Brugmann allocates brooches with garnets to a central phase in her chronology, which also runs from c. 500-c. 560-70 AD (in Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 78-9; quoting Brugmann 1999, fig. 3.4, tables 3.2 and 3.3).

KENT-0887B6: BROOCH
Part of a silver-gilt small, Kentish, square-headed brooch, inlaid with a single garnet. The fragment comprises part of the left side (when viewed from behind) of the foot-plate of the brooch. Part of a panel at the upper corner is present, in which moulded Style I relief ornament is visible. This is divided from a similar panel in the lower corner of the foot-plate by a high-relief strip inlaid with niello, forming a zig-zag pattern. A similar strip runs along the lower edge of the foot-plate. A semi-oval garnet slice is inlaid at the outer side-edge of the foot-plate (another would have been inlaid at the opposite side). This garnet is backed by gold foil. The reverse is plain, un-gilded silver, the catch-plate not being present on this fragment. The broken edges of the fragment appear relatively unworn, suggesting that the damage has occurred since deposition, probably as a result of contact with agricultural equipment in the recent past. This brooch is part of a well known series produced in east Kent during the early to mid 6th century AD (circa 500-570). These brooches were the subject of an unpublished Ph.D. thesis by David Leigh (Leigh 1980). This example is closely paralleled by brooches from the Anglo-Saxon cemeteries at Bifrons (Bi. 42), Howletts (Ho.17-18) and Sarre (Sa.4-2), all assigned by Leigh to his Series I (Leigh 1980, pls.16-17). A head-plate fragment from Hythe is probably also a parallel (Hy1, ibid.).

KENT-08E144: BROOCH
Gilt copper alloy Anglo-Saxon 'S-shaped' brooch, in the form of two opposed birds heads. Incised decoration, circular punch marks around outer edges. Integral catchplate and hinge on reverse, with some traces of iron pin.

KENT-83EA51: BROOCH
A copper-alloy fragment of a Saxon square headed brooch, 6th century. Length 22.2mm, width 17.8mm, diameter 4.5mm and weight of 5.7g.

KENT-C5C836: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy Early Medieval Ansate brooch. The brooch has an arched back with an equally size rounded terminal on either end with a ridge at the extreme end. The arched back of the brooch is decorated with a ridge at the break of slope up to the arch on either side and double ridge in the center. Below one terminal there is an integral pierced double lug which contains a transverse iron pin which would have secured the now missing pin. The lug extends 7.5mm from the reverse of the brooch. Below the other terminal is an integral catch pate extending 3.6mm from the reverse of the brooch. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. The brooch is 35.3mm long, 6.6mm wide, 5.1mm thick and weighs 5.74 grams. Ansate brooches are Frankish in origin and are found on the Continent from the 7th century onwards, but they are not used in England until the 8th century. They were probably in use until the 10th century. A very similar example can be seen in Hattat, p380 ref 1686. A fragment of an almost identical example has been recorded from the same localtion, KENT-C633E0, as well as a very similar example that has been found in the same feild: KENT-918A91.

KENT-C633E0: BROOCH
A fragment of acast copper-alloy Early Medieval Ansate brooch. The fragment consists of hald of the arched back with a rounded terminal to one end. The other half of the brooch has been broken away by an old break. . The arched back of the brooch is decorated with a ridge at the break of slope up to the arch and double ridge in the center. Below one terminal there are the remaind of a broken integral catch pate extending The reverse of the brooch is undecorated. The fragment is 22.9mm long, 6.7mm wide, 3.1mm thick and weighs 2.97 grams. Ansate brooches are Frankish in origin and are found on the Continent from the 7th century onwards, but they are not used in England until the 8th century. They were probably in use until the 10th century. A very similar example can be seen in Hattat, p380 ref 1686. An almost identical example has been recorded from the same localtion, KENT-C5C836. There is also a very similar example has been found in the same feild: KENT-918A91.

KENT-7CE5C3: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy medieval cloisonné enamel brooch, dating to the late 10th to early 11th centuries AD. The hinge-pin is missing. The back plate is heptagon-shaped, with 7 projecting rounded knops at each of the edges. The back plate is gilded on both the front and the back. There is a circular central tray, in which copper-alloy curlicue strips divide it into nine cells (four triangular and four square cells around a central sub-circular cell). The triangular cells are inlaid, two with white enamel, one with a deep blue enamel and one with a green enamel. The enamel is missing from the square cells. The sub-circular cell is inlaid with a pale blue enamel. Similar brooches can be seen in Read 2001, Fig. 68, Nos.772-774, pp. 101 and 108. The brooch is 17.53mm wide and 3.69mm thick. The brooch weighs 2.86g.

KENT-E3D11C: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon small-long brooch (450-550 AD). The brooch consists of a flat trefoil head plate, with three D-shaped arms extending from a narrowed waist, attached to a central square plate; one of these arms is damaged. The bow is rectangular, short and arched with a central, vertical ridge which tapers to a flattened, sub-rectangular foot, which has a central pair of transverse lines. On the reverse of the brooch, the spring and pin are missing due to old breaks. There are two integrally cast semi-circular pin lugs with a central, circular aperture that contains the corroded remains of an iron pin, one of these lugs is broken and the upper area is missing. There is orange rust remaining between the lugs, likely the remains of the iron spring. The reverse of the bow is concave and extends to a complete, semi-circular, integral catchplate, which extends to the left. The entire object is covered with green and black patina and mounds and pits of copper-alloy corrosion. It measures 43.4 mm in length, 27.9 mm wide, 9.2 mm thick and weighs 13.1 g. This is an Anglo-Saxon brooch and this type makes its appearence in the early fifth century and were in use and circulation well into the sixth century (MacGregor and Bolick 1993, 125).

KENT-B5DD47: BROOCH
Gilded cast copper alloy button brooch. The brooch is incomplete; although its central front panel is in relatively good condition, the rim is missing. The gilding on the front survives well, apart from some areas of high relief. The moulded face on the front of the brooch is comprised of 7 different elements. There is an asymmetrical helmet decorated with beading, and immediately below the helmet are curved eyebrows with upturned ends. The centre of the eyebrows join to a narrow nose which flares out slightly at the nostrils. The eyes are small and rounded; there is a curved eye-ring below the right eye, extending down from the eyebrow, but no corresponding eye-ring below the left eye. The cheeks are full and angled. The face has an open mouth above a curved 'chin' decorated with beading. There is further decoration surrounding the face-mask, which is comprised of a raised decorative border which carries a line of beading. This border is incomplete, an area to the top left being damaged. The reverse of the brooch has the remains of a pin lug and a catchplate, the latter having a small amount of iron corrosion around it, implies that an iron pin was originally attached to the brooch. The pin was positioned across the face, with the pin lug at 269 degrees and the catchplate at 89 degrees; these angles correspond to the face of the brooch as opposed to the reverse so they are comparable with the measurements from Avent and Evison's research. Probably an example of Avent and Evisons' Class A Miscellaneous, although the helmet is not very pointed, which might push this example towards Class B.

KENT-B67EC2: BROOCH
An incomplete unusual Early-Medieval copper alloy brooch, likely to be half of an equal-arm brooch, possibly dating to the 5th to 6th century AD. The brooch consists of the head-plate and approximately half of the bow, the rest has been broken off in antiquity. The head-plate is rectangular, with some damage on the left edge and appears to have a small chip-carved face. Below the face, the bow extends upwards at a steep angle. The bow has a raised central rib and raised border with a small triangle on either side of the bow. The central rib and border creates two sub-rectangular panels on either side of the rib with a matching pair of beasts; only the animal's heads are discernible and the facial features consist of a prominent brow-ridge, pointed ears, circular pellet eyes and prominent jaw, with possible lips or teeth visible on one of the panels. The creatures have elongated necks with the bow break across this part of the animal. The bow itself is rounded with the central rib forming the highest point of the arc. The front of the brooch has traces of gilding, particularly on the head-plate and animal heads. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated and has two integrally cast attachment lugs extending from the head-plate, these are incomplete and damaged due to old breaks. The brooch measures 27.5 mm in length, 25.4 mm wide, 8.5 mm thick and weighs 13.4 g.

KENT-BD0D7C: BROOCH
A worn, incomplete, Early Medieval gilt copper-alloy, small square-headed brooch with gilding, c.AD 470-c550. Description: The brooch has a rectangular head plate which is very worn, a gently arched bow, carinated in front, flat behind. Largely cruciform in shape, with sub-rectangular fields at the ends of the arms. The decoration consists of a raised, rectangular moulding on the head plate, which narrows to form a border on the bow. A raised moulding with a T-shaped terminal in the centre of the head-plate runs down the bow where it forms a cruciform pattern, the arms terminate in ovoid mouldings, while the bottom of the brooch has a raised moulded line enclosing a T-shape with two lines under each arm of the T. The worn square hinge is placed on the reverse of the head and the catch plate is behind the mid-section, the pin is missing, but evidence for the pin bar is still visible. The brooch has green patinated colour in the areas not gilded. Dimensions: Length 33.46mm, width 18.02mm (Head), 16.79mm (Footplate), thickness 2.96mm and weight 5.65g. Discussion: A very similar example with the same decoration can be seen from Brighthampton, Oxfordshire in Macgregor (1993) p.123 ref 14.8, as well as one on the PAS: KENT-91B922. This brooch type is also well represented on the PAS with examples such as KENT-FAE233 and HAMP2359

KENT-D55B99: BROOCH
A fragment of worn cast Middle Saxon copper-alloy ansate brooch, dating to the 9th-10th century AD. Description: The fragment represents parts of the head and bow of the brooch. The bow is D-sectioned and low arched. There is a rough break across the middle(?) of the bow which has now been worn. The headplate is formed from 'contoured' edges forming 5 lobes/knops, two either side and a fifth at the apex. The side lobes have the typical ring and dot motif. Stump of the pin lug remains a the centre of the headplate reverse. The brooch is a mid-green colour on the front and lighter grey-green on the reverse. Measurements: 25.82mm in length,14.93mm wide, 6.15mm thick (including lug and bow, head 2.56mm thick without) and 4.1g in weight. Discussion: As Rosie Weetch (2014, ) observed this "is rather vague [class].and appears to be a 'catch-all' for those ansates that don't have terminals of definable or standardised shape". Weetch dates this, rather small group to 9th-10th century. Two other examples are known from the PAS although quite varied between these three brooches this example here has a much lower bow. See the others examples here - LIN-7B6462, NMS-EC3F2C

KENT-E9C398: BROOCH
An incomplete gilt copper-alloy Medieval cloisonné enamel brooch, dating to the late 10th to early 11th centuries AD, of the well attested Saunderton type (more recently Weetch type 20.A). Description: The brooch is roughly circular with 7 projecting rounded knops around the circumferential flange that marks the edge of the backplate. Each knop would have had a blob of enamel or small glass cabochon although only one dark cobalt blue setting relay. The base of each knop is integral to the backplate. The circular body of the brooch is decorated with a cloisonné design formed by strips of copper-alloy creating a field of dark cobalt blue, four circular central cells aligned in a square filled with white enamel. Projecting from the angles of the quatrefoil are four teardrop-shaped petals, filled with turquoise or cobalt blue enamel. Gilding remains across majority of the, collar, flange and backplate. The pin is missing and where visible behind the gilding the copper-alloy is dark brown with some mottled light green. Measurements: 24.55mm in diameter (with the lobes), 18.48mm in diameter (without lobes) and 6.81mm thick (4.49mm thick without catch plate arrangement) and 4.78g in weight. Discussion: Despite the design of the decoration employed on this brooch resembling that featured on similar brooches in the Roman period, the use of cloisonné rather than champlevé shows this example is Saxon. The type is discussed by Weetch (2014, 110-111) and dated to the late 10th century to 11th century in date, this example is almost identical to the type specimen from Saunderton Buckinghamshire originally illustrated by Buckton (1986, 9) and BERK-B43E92 from Northmoor Buckinghamshire.

KENT-B8DC1A: BROOCH
An incomplete and worn copper-alloy Early-Medieval small-long brooch dating from AD 450 - 550. Description: The head is rectangular (wider than it is high) and flat. It is decorated with a ring and dot motif, one in each corner and one at the centre. The top right corner is missing and the break is patinated. The other edges are abraded. The surface is a little pitted and mottled. On the reverse of the head it is shown that pin lug was damaged and a new one riveted in place, one rivet of which is visible on the front The bow is low and short has D-shaped cross-section. The lower bow is incomplete and the break before the missing foot is worn and patinated.There is some panel of decoration just remaining at the broken end of the bow possibly indicating wings or a large foot. Measurements: 24.5mm long, 14.5mm wide (at head), 4.75mm thick and 2.47g

KENT-06BE02: BROOCH
A cast incomplete and worn Early Medieval Ansate also known as a 'caterpillar' brooch, fitting Thörle's group IV (Weetch Ansate type IV), dating c.AD 650 to AD850. Description: The brooch is of symmetrical bow form with square terminals that are slightly wider the bow. The bow is angular rather than rounded. Catchplate and pin arrangement is of standard type having a double, H-shaped pin-lug and curved catchplate. The pin survives only as a rust around the pin lug and catchplate. The upper surface of the brooch has incised decoration consisting of a diamond formed of four incised lines on the terminal knops and the apex of the bow. There are additional line incised on each side of the bow flanking the apex consisting of poorly executed lines six on the upper side and four on the lower. Each terminal knop flares slightly prior to the bow and the apex flares at each end creating flared concave sides. The entire brooch is mottled dark to light green save for the patches of orange brown rust on the rear of the brooch. The bottom knop has either a corroded hole, casting floor or other damage through it and the top knop is no longer near symmetrical due to abrasion Measurements: 38.55mm long, 9.08mm wide, 11.71mm thick and 6.2g in weight. Discussion: This brooch belongs to a well attested, although small group of Ansate brooches (Thörle group IV/Weetch Ansate type IV) most common from continental Europe, a small number are known from Britain mostly from East Anglia (Weetch 2014, 149-150). This example is the most southerly English outlier at the time of writing.

KENT-77D68E: BROOCH
A near complete cast early Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon, c. 480-550) gilt copper-alloy button brooch. Description: The brooch comprises a circular base with angled walls (turning outwards) surrounding it creating a 'saucer' shape. The face of the brooch is in high relief and formed of an impressed wedge shaped nose which splits into a thin convex moustache. Below sits a wide open mouth formed by the lower lip which curves down to a point at the middle. From either side of the bridge of the nose two curved lines form cheeks with a pair of eyes set above and to the right. Above the bridge of the nose is a circular annulet from which curve a pair of eyebrows. The image of the face is set within a circular border of impressed pairs of pellets. The reverse is plain and undecorated with the pin bar lug and catch plate scar being located at 9 O'clock and 3 o'clock. The pin bar lug features heavy iron corrosion. The brooch remains in good condition although, as it is missing its' pin and catchplate and also has some abrasion and is bent around the rim. Measurements: 19.22mm in diameter, 7.76mm thick (including catchplate and lug, 3.12 mm thick without) and 4.67g in weight. Discussion: Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been utilised in a number of ways including dress fasteners and as decorative brooches. From graves it appears that they were used singly rather than in pairs like the related but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and the Thames Valley, with a date range of the later fifth century and the sixth century. Other similar examples on the database include: KENT-25223B; KENT-AC16E8; KENT-D20192.

KENT-064D3B: BROOCH
An incomplete and heavily abraded cast early Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) gilt copper-alloy button brooch dating to the period c. 480-550. Description: The brooch is gently dished. The outer rim is highly abraded and does not remain at its full height at any point. The decoration consists of helmeted facemask with in a double border of beaded lines. The mask consists of a triangular helmet, there are large pelta shaped eyes with circular pupils. The nose is wide above a small lozenge mouth/beard. The cheeks are not highlighted like many such brooches. The Reverse is undecorated and has a standard pin lug and catchplate arrangement though is oriented 6 o'clock with the lug aligned roughly to the bottom of the front. The brooch is heavily worn and, where the gilding has worn away it has a light green patina with some coppery brown patches. The reverse has a small blog of iron corrosion around the pin lug whcih has also stained some of the surrounding area. Measurements: 20.12mm in diameter, 4.48mm thick (including catchplate and lug, 2.64mm thick without) and 2.65g in weight. Discussion: Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been utilised in a number of ways including dress fasteners and as decorative brooches. From graves it appears that they were used singly rather than in pairs like the related but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and the Thames Valley with a date range of the later fifth century and the sixth century.

KENT-FA979C: BROOCH
An incomplete, lead-alloy, late Anglo-Saxon, or Anglo-Scandinavian, disc brooch dating to the 11th century AD. Description: The brooch is circular in plan with a significant central dome. The reverse is flat. The front face is decorated with relief moulding, consisting of a circumferential border of diagonal laddering. without which is radial spokes from a central pellet on the boss. With each of the segments created is another in relief pellet. of raised pellets. At the apex of the brooch is some damage to the disc while at the bottom is a projecting tab, possibly a damaged catchplate formed from a lobe. The reverse has a scar leaving it differentially corroded and likely indicates the presence of the now missing pin. Overall the brooch is an off grey-brown colour. Measurements: 35.46mm long, 31.77mm wide, 9mm thick, 26.54g in weight. Discussion: This brooch fits a group of 11th century mostly lead-alloy domed brooches classified by Weetch (2013, 92) as type 14. They appear to be related to the 'London' series although only one recorded in Weetch's (2013) catalogue, no.532 from Ryston has projecting tabs.

KENT-835ED1: BROOCH
A near complete cast copper alloy S-shaped brooch of Early-Medieval date, dating to the fifth or sixth century (probably c. 450-550 AD). Description: The brooch is of plate type and is narrowed S-shape in plan. Each terminal is bifurcated slightly possibly in imitation of a bird beak, a common motif of such brooches. It has further decoration in the form of two transverse incised lines diagonally top to bottom, each side of which are a line of ring and and annulets top to bottom also. There are additional ring and annulets incised into the terminal/heads.The reverse is undecorated although the pin lug and catchplate remain in situ with the iron pin remaining in a heavily corroded state across the back. Some abrasion has occurred particularly around the terminals but otherwise it remains in good condition. It has a dark green patination apart from the abrasion which has verdi gris and the corroded pin which is dark brown Measurements: 32.58mm long, 11.92mm wide, 6.60mm thick (including lug,plate is 1.46mm front plate) and 3.84g in weight.

KENT-E46F3A: BROOCH
An incomplete cast white metal coated copper-alloy, latter early-Medieval nummular disc brooch. Description: The brooch has a double beaded rim with a central crowned or helmeted bust, right, at its centre in copying contemporary coin styles. The reverse has a pin lug at the top which remains only as stubs, no evidence of the pin remains and the catchplate is missing. There are very small and spare patches of white metal coating otherwise the brooch has a dark grey-green colour. Measurements: 31.93mm in diameter, 4.51mm thick (including pin lugs, main body 1.75mm) and 7.27g in weight. Discussion: This brooch fits a group of late saxon disc brooches which copy, or appear to copy coinage of the period see Weetch (2013), with the variants being divided by whether they copy obverse or reverse designs. Weetch would thus classify this brooch as type 2.Ai and indeed included this example in her corpus as no. 188. They date c.eighth/early ninth century to 11th, although become increasingly uncommon in the 11th century.

KENT-E7C0D5: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy late Anglo-Saxon or Anglo-Scandinavian sub-nummular disc brooch, of Weetch type 3, dating c. AD850-1000. Description: The brooch is a disc shape with circumferential triple bordered rim. The out rim is thick and made of irregularly shaped rectangular beading, the inner two are beaded borders of equal size. Unusually, the central boss is devoid of decoration (compared to a more common type with a backwards looking 'beast'), but does have the usual slightly domed/convex shape. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated and has a typical later early-medieval pin and catch-plate arrangement consisting of an integrally cast pin lug that is rectangular in form but broken across its' width. The catchplate is incomplete and the pin remains only as a iron staining. The circumference is abraded. The patination is dark green with light patches where it has been damaged. Measurements: 26.55mm in diameter, 4.63mm thick (including lug, 2.21mm thick without) and 4g in weight. Discussion: Brooches of the related type with backwards facing beast (Weetch Type 1) are usually found in East Anglia and the north-east of England and date c. AD 850-1000, Weetch (2014, 73) suggests on comparative grounds a similar date range. A number of examples can be found on the PAS database (the majority of which are from Suffolk and Norfolk): NMS-BCFB26, SF-53B2F5, NMS-F14788 and SF-6881DC, although an example from Kent is known e.g. KENT-BBADE3. Similar examples of the type were also found during excavations at Coppergate, York and were dated to the 10th century (Mainman and Rogers 2000, 2571). An example with an undecorated boss, albeit in silver is illustrated by West (1998, 165; fig. 48.1) from Hasketon, Suffolk.

KENT-91B922: BROOCH
A worn, incomplete, Early Medieval copper-alloy, small square-headed brooch with traces of gilding, c.AD 470-c550. Description: The brooch has a rectangular head plate which is very worn, a gently arched bow, carinated in front, flat behind. Largely cruciform in shape, with sub-rectangular fields at the ends of the arms. The decoration consists of a raised, rectangular moulding on the head plate, which narrows to form a border on the bow (although this is largely missing). A raised moulding with a T-shaped terminal in the centre of the head-plate runs down the bow where it forms a cruciform pattern, the arms terminate in ovoid mouldings, while the bottom of the brooch has a raised moulded line enclosing a T-shape with two lines under each arm of the T. The worn square hinge is placed on the reverse of the head and the catch plate is behind the mid-section, the pin is missing. The brooch is a bright orange with some black visible. Dimensions: Length 42.20mm, width 18.91mm, thickness 3.39mm and weight 6.81g. Discussion: A very similar example with the same decoration can be seen from Brighthampton, Oxfordshire in Macgregor (1993) p.123 ref 14.8, as well as on the PAS: KENT-FAE233.

KENT-6889F8: BROOCH
A cast incomplete and worn Early Medieval Ansate also known as a 'caterpillar' brooch, fitting Thörle's group X (Weetch Ansate type X), dating c. AD 700 to AD 900. Description: The brooch is of symmetrical bow form with rounded terminals that are slightly wider the bow. The bow is rounded with a raised transverse beaded ridge. There are is an additional raised ridge at the end of the terminals and a additional beaded ridges dividing the bow and the fee/headplate. Catchplate and pin arrangement is of standard type having a double, H-shaped pin-lug and curved catchplate. The pin survives only as a rust around the pin lug and catchplate. the Brooch is worn but and patinated a dark grey-green colour. Measurements: 42.68mm long, 8.78mm wide, 12.78mm thick and 7.37g in weight. Discussion: This brooch belongs to a well attested, although small group of Ansate brooches (Thörle group X/Weetch Ansate type X) most common from continental Europe from the 7th century until mid 9th. In England, Weetch (2014, 160) points out that the type was in use from c.8th century and survived later into the 9th century.

KENT-24332D: BROOCH
A near complete cast gilt copper-alloy (Kentish) small square-headed brooch of Early-Medieval date c. 500-575. Description: The brooch has a small square head with a central upright running bar panel, within double border cast in relief.er. There is a slight flat flange running around the outside of the head. The bow is low and formed of a double plain panel with raised edges and a central ridge. The foot is expanded tapering in outline towards the terminal forming a diamond shape with a central lozenge-shaped relief enclosing a raised pellet. In the upper angles of the foot-plate are rudimentary Style I animal heads, formed from downward facing curls. The foot is formed from a small rectangular piece with no decoration on. The reverse is undecorated and has a complete pin loop and catch plate, although the pin is entirely absent. The foot is bent over slightly. The brooch has a dark brown patina with mottle green areas as well as substantial areas of gold gilding remaining Measurements: 29.87mm long, 13.32mm wide, 8.63mm thick and 4.24g in weight. Discussion: This brooch is of small 'Kentish' square-headed type, likely dating to the period c. AD 475-575, the zoomorphic designs likely push it into the 6th century however. Three other examples have been reported to the PAS with very similar decorative elements, KENT-468034, BERK-051CDB and HAMP1796.

KENT-58EF17: BROOCH
An incomplete gilded silver Kentish keystone disc brooch of Avent's class 3, dating to the period c.AD 525-c.AD 575, with inlaid slab-cut garnets. Description: The brooch survives at roughly 40-45% of its original circumference, with only one full panel of the distinguishing opposing beast heads, two of the 'keystone' garnet settings and two circular intermediate cells surviving. In all cases, judging by the size of the brooch these would originally have totalled four each. When originally complete the front of the brooch was heavily decorated with all decoration in relief with the exception of the cells. Starting from the outer rim the decoration consists of an outer band of alternating plain and ribbed which also visible on the reverse (Avent rim type 2), the inner band of decoration on the outer rim is made up of nielloed triangles (of Avent rim type 4.1) but is fairly heavily obscured by damage and wear. The inner rim is, unusually for Avent class 3 rim type 2, closely grouped ribbed decoration alternating with long breaks, these are aligned with the outer band type 2 rim to pair the ribbed section of one with the plain section of the other. The inner panels of decoration consist of two opposed animal heads, dominated by the stylised D-shaped eye, joined by a two lines one, the outer of which is ribbed. Between the two heads is a circular intermediate cell likely originally containing a white paste of some description. Flanking each side of the pair of beast heads is an evenly shaped trapezoidal 'keystone' cell slightly narrower towards the centre of the brooch, these cells contained a gold foil backed slab cut garnet. The central cell is large and circular and has a green-white concretion possibly indicating a now mostly degraded white paste boss. The reverse is decorated only with the outer rims outer band and counter arranged small band of rim type 2. The pin loop is missing although the catchplate remains indicating a fairly standard catchplate arrangement. The breaks Measurements: 46.11mm long (remaining diameter), 24.39mm wide, 10.76mm thick (including catchplate, 3.41mm thick without and 10.25g in weight. Discussion: The decorative elements of this brooch roughly fit Avent's (1975, 30-33) class 3. Class 3 is split into 6 sub-types and this brooch doesn't exactly fit any of these sub-types. It most closely fits Class 3.1, sharing almost all of the accepted decorative elements however unlike those brooches of class 3.1, when complete it would have had four alternating keystone and intermediate setting panels of opposing beasts. While such an arrangement is seen in other sub-types the other decorative elements do not as closely link them together. Avent (1975. 30-31) dates this group to the second half of the 6th century. More recent work (Bayliss et al. 2013) has allocated Group 3 brooches to period AS-FB(p) (Bayliss et al. 2013, 570, object type BR2-b3) which is currently dated to the mid 6th century, probably between 525 and 575 AD (Bayliss et al. 2013, 460).

A worn fragment of Early-Medieval Ansate brooch possibly of Thörle's group IIIc, c.AD 600-680 Description: The roughly triangular fragment represents the foot of the brooch. The foot is pointed flanked by a knop either side. There is a single ring and dot motif on the main body of the foot between two knops. The reverse is undecorated but part of the catchplate survives albeit in a highly worn and abraded manner. Much of the edges including the breaks are highly worn suggestive of damage in antiquity. The fragment is patinated dark green except where abraded where it is a light green Measurements: 24.02mm long, 13.02mm wide, 6.91mm thick and 2.35g in weight. Discussion: A number of more complete, often tinned or silvered examples with ring and dot motifs have been reported to the PAS. See KENT-10E641, BUC-F80606, IOW-A71E22 and KENT2479. Although these brooches clearly fit the continental typlogies as laid out by Thörle, there are examples from late 5th- and 6th-century graves in England, e.g. Frilford, now in the British Museum (1867,0204.8), Collingbourne Ducis 64 (Egging Dinwiddy and Stoodley 2016; Stoodley and Schuster 2009), Lyminge 24 (Warhurst 1955, pl. 8, 4a-b; Arch Cant 69, 1-40), Blacknall Field 26 (Ager in Annable and Eagles 2010, 27-28). None has ever been found in a 7th-century grave. The relationship between the two groups of brooches is not yet clearly understood.

KENT-B92E9B: BROOCH
A fragment of uncertain 'long' or bow brooch, probably early Anglo-Saxon (5th or 6th century AD. Description: A small part of the bow and the upper part of the foot (the flat panel) survives, with breaks at both ends; the break across the bow is fresher than the very worn break across the foot. The bow is rectangular, not flaring or tapering, and is decorated on the upper surface with two raised triangular facets at the bottom. The junction of bow and foot has three transverse ridges, and two further parallel transverse ridges are present just above the break at the foot. On the reverse, the foot has a catchplate which runs the full length of the flat panel, with its end bent round to the left (when viewed from the reverse). There is iron corrosion within the curl, probably the remains of the brooch's pin. Measurements: Length 23.48mm, width 7.34mm, thickness 3.35mm, Foot plate length 9.72mm, width 10.21mm, thickness 1.56mm. Weight 4.5g. Discussion: This is likely to be a fragment of small-long brooch, but is also possibly from a small cruciform brooch. The length of the catchplate, running the full length of the flat panel, means that it is unlikely to be from a later ansate brooch.

KENT-87678C: BROOCH
A cast incomplete small-long brooch dating to the late 5th early 6th centuries AD. Description:The brooch consists of a cruciform headplate, formed from a rectangular plate shaped with a circular hole removed from either upper corner and a semi-circular hole from the underside of each inner corner. The left head plate wing has snapped away. The bow is broken just prior to the foot and is roughly D-shaped with a very slight ridge along the middle. To the reverse there is the damaged remains of a single lug pin fitting. There is no decoration on the reverse. The broken edges are heavily worn indicating they occured during antiquity. The entire brooch is patinated mid green colour typical of aged copper-alloy. Measurements:29.86mm long, 17.06mm wide, 5.26mm thick and 4.48g in weight. Discussion:The small-long brooch type is the most common of the brooch types dating to the begining of the Early-Medieval period and many similar types to this example, such as SF-656AB1 have been reported to the PAS. Dating can vary regionally for the types, a late 5th to early 6th century AD is most likely for those in Kent.

KENT-87F699: BROOCH
A cast incomplete small-long brooch dating to the late 5th early 6th centuries AD. Description: The brooch consists of a simple undecorrated rectangular headplate, which narrows very slightly towards the edge and has a small nick out of the top left corner. The bow is unusually short and D-shaped but facetted in shape. The shape of the foot is uncertain however what remains of it is highly abraded indicating that it has taken substantial damage. The reverse is entirely undecorrated but the catchplate and pin/spring loop survive mostly intact, no trace of the pin survives. The catchplate has also been pierced for some unknown reason, possibly to facilatate securing the pin. The entire brooch is a mottled mid-dark grey green colour typical of patinated copper-alloy. Measurements: 32.48mm long, 21.68mm wide, 12.33mm thick and 7.97g in weight. Discussion: The short bow is an unusual element of such brooches. There are two groups this examples might relate to, those with 'lappets' or side wings which are more common but have a great deal of variation as with all brooches of this type, see Macgregor and Bolick (1993, 130 Nos. 15.20-22). The other group have a wide expanded feet which can vary in shape from lozenge to trilobate (Macgregor and Bolick 1993, 125-127 Nos. 15.1-11).. In kent a date of 450-550 is likely for brooches such as these.

KENT-7882DB: BROOCH
An Early Medieval gilded copper alloy small radiate-headed brooch dating from the mid sixth century. Description: The brooch has a semi-circular head plate decorated with a chip-carved Salin's Style I zoomorphic design depicting a crouched beast left, possibly a duck or other bird. This is surrounded by a raised border. The head has three rounded knobs, one at the top and one to each side; the knob on the right side has now broken away. The brooch has a shallow arched bow carinated on the front, and concave behind. The central raised ridges of the carinated bow are beaded lines, with ridges to either side of these continuing to meet at a point on the foot. The foot narrows and is only decorated with the continuation of the central bow ridges which converge to a point, flanked by beaded lines running to the point of the foot. The foot also has a knop on either side of its widest point, just past the bow. The foot now curves gently downwards at its broken and missing end. The reverse is undecorated, and has a standard spring and catch plate arrangement. The pin bar lug on the reverse of the head is obscured by iron corrosion from the bar and spring. The catch plate is at the top of the footplate and is missing its curl. The brooch is mostly patinated green, but on the front a substantial amount of gilding remains and on the reverse brown rust from the spring remains on the back of the head. Measurements: 35.24mm long, 19.21mm wide, 9.8mm thick and 5.81g in weight. Discussion: Two similar examples are known from graves in Kent. One was found in grave 102 at Mill Hill (Parfitt and Brugmann 1995, 39, fig. 191) and another in grave 408 at Buckland Dover in 1994 (Brugmann in Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 80, fig. 10.57). Mill Hill grave 102 is dated to Brugmann's Kentish Phase III (in Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 80) which is allocated the calendar dates of 530-570 AD (Brugmann 1999, 51, table 3.3). Similar examples can also be seen in MacGregor and Bolick (1993), 149, ref 16.5 and on the database at KENT-CC01C4. This form of brooch has Continental origins but there could also have been production in Kent.

An incomplete gilt copper-alloy medieval cloisonné enamel brooch, dating to the late 10th to early 11th centuries AD, of the well attested Saunderton type (more recently Weetch type 20.A). The brooch is roughly circular with 7 projecting rounded knops around the cricumferential flange that marks the edge of the backplate. Each knop has a blub of either dark blue cobalt (5 total) or medium turquoise enamel (2 total) and the base of each knop is integral to the backplate. The circular body of the brooch is decorated with a cloisonné design formed by seven C-shaped strips of copper alloy arranged around the edge of the brooch; all except one is of a similar size, with the seventh being smaller and squeezed into an additional gap in the pattern .Each semi-circular field is filled with dark blue enamel, although there is hints of lighter colours in some of the cells possibly suggesting a degradation of the glass matrix has altered the colour to some extent or that the enamel was not an even batch. In the centre a 'star' shaped field is formed by the outside of the c-shaped cells and is filled with a slightly lighter blue glass, which is discoloured possibly by corrosion or poor batch mixing. In this central field is an off centre square cell, which is filled by either 'white' glass or crystal inlay. The back has a soldered on seperate catchplate and hinge plate, the pin is missing although rust in the hinge plate suggests it would have been Iron. Gilding remains across majority of the backplate, much of it is worn on the fron however. Several of the knops have been bent out of place. The patches of wear tend to be of dark brown colour. Measurements: 25.42mm in diameter (with the lobes), 19.73mm in diameter (without lobes) and 7.96mm thick and 6.3g in weight.

KENT-3D208B: BROOCH
An incomplete Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper-alloy disc brooch (c. 450-550 AD). Description: The brooch is flat and circular with heavily abraded edges. On the front there is a large incised ring-and-dot motif at the centre, made up of three concentric circles with a central indentation. The rear face has a standard single pin lug and catchplate arrangment. Both the pin lug and the catchplate are heavily worn and incomplete, with the lug having broken across the piercing. The pin itself does not survive, save for iron corrosion around the loop. The brooch has a mottled dull green patina. The front has a white metal coating, probably of tin. Measurements: 24.68mm in diameter, 8.1mm thick (including catchplate and pin arrangment, 2.37mm thick) and 7.7g in weight. Discussion: MacGregor and Bolick comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. Tinning is common on these brooches (especially the more highly-decorated examples), but gilding is not encountered, adding to the impression that they occupy a position complementary to that of the saucer and applied brooches of the more affluent sections of Saxon society...There are no obvious Continental prototypes for these brooches, which seem to have been an insular Anglo-Saxon development. As a whole the type tends to occur south of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Within this region the upper Thames Valley is particularly productive and may have formed a major production centre. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period' (MacGregor & Bolick 1993: 57).

KENT-44E960: BROOCH
A near complete cast silvered or tinned copper-alloy non enamelled rectangular plate brooch with concave sides dating to the middle to late Early-Medieval period, c. later 8th to 9th century. Description: The brooch is rectangular in plan with deep concave sides and trilobate knops at each corner. The central area of the brooch is very slightly raised and surrounded by a laddered border. All the decorative elements follow the shape of the body of the brooch. The reverse is undecorated and has a H-shaped ping lug and curved catchplate at right angles to the edge of the brooch. The probable iron, pin is mostly missing save for some iron corrosion by the catchplate. The Brooch is a dark grey colour save where the copper-alloy has begun to patinate on the back and verdigris has shown through. Measurements: 28.37mm long, 22.11mm wide, 11.16mm thick and 5.17g in weight. Discussion: Brooches of this type are classified by Rosie Weetch (2014, 131-134) and she suggests dating, based on continental examples to the second half of the 8th to 9th century.

KENT-BBADE3: BROOCH
A late Anglo-Saxon or Anglo-Scandinavian early-medieval copper-alloy disc brooch, of Weetch type 3, dating c. AD 850-1000. Description: The brooch is a disc shape with circumferential decoration made of irregularly shaped rectangles. Unusually, the central boss is devoid of decoration (compared to a more common type with a backwards looking 'beast'), but does have the usual slightly domed/convex shape. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated and has an unusual pin and catch-plate arangement which consists of an integrally cast pin lug that is rectangular in form with a single circular aperture.The opposite side of the reverse has a corresponding catch-plate that is semi-circular in form and slightly hooked to enable it to hold in place the now missing pin. This catch-plate and pin arrangement is a shared feature with a number of brooches from this period. The reverse also has a strip of corroded iron likely the remains fo the pin. The brooch is a dark turquoise-green with a smeer of darker green on the front and a brown-orange colour on the reverse. Measurements: 24.08mm in diameter, 7.4mm thick (including lug) and 4.35g in weight. Discussion: Brooches of the related type with backwards facing beast (Weetch Type 1) are usually found in East Anglia and the north-east of England and date c. AD 850-1000. A number of examples can be found on the PAS database (the majority of which are from Suffolk and Norfolk): NMS-BCFB26, SF-53B2F5, NMS-F14788 and SF-6881DC. Similar examples of the type were also found during excavations at Coppergate, York and were dated to the 10th century (Mainman and Rogers 2000, 2571). An example with an undecorated boss, albeit in silver is illustrated by West (1998, 165; fig. 48.1) from Hasketon, Suffolk.

KENT-43D456: BROOCH
A cast copper-alloy early Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch fragment dating to the 6th century AD. The fragment is the central panel and two knops on the sides, as well as the hinge on the reverse. The central panel is trapezoidal in plan, and sub-rectangular in section. It has a central punched ring and dot design. It is recessed from the two side knops, which are round, with a flat reverse. Each knop has a square collar separating it from the panel; the collar is joined to a short narrow stem, which is joined to the round end. The end has two parallel transverse lines at its base. The reverse of the panel has the hinge placed in the centre; it is comprised of two integral pierced lugs. Between the lugs is a black material, probably iron. The fragment is in good condition, with old breaks, and has a dark green patina. It measures 34.12 mm in length, 13.42 mm in width and 5.65 mm in thickness (including the hinge) and weighs 4.11 g. Similar brooches can be seen in Hattatt no 664, Macgregor and Bolick 1993, no 12.7.

KENT-2BB066: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper-alloy narrow cruciform brooch of early Anglo-Saxon date. Only the foot survives. The front has relief decoration of a softly moulded horse's head with rounded end to the nose and bumps for eyes. Above is a single transverse moulded rib, and above this is a pair of similar ribs. Two further ribs are set below the break. The brooch appears mis-cast, with two holes just above the horse's head. The reverse is concave, with only a long low stub of catchplate surviving. It has a dark green patina with red patches of corrosion located throughout. It is in fair condition. It measures 40.66 mm L x 8.5 mm W x 4.7 mm TH and weighs 4.8 g. This type of narrow cruciform brooch dates to the 5th century AD.

KENT-51479C: BROOCH
A small incomplete radiate-headed brooch dating from 450 -530 AD Description: The brooch has a semi-circular head plate with three small knops, one at the apex and one at each corner. There reverse of the headplate has a pin loop though no remains of the spring ore hinge are visible. It has a short, low bow with a D-shaped cross-section. It has a footplate with a complete catchplate on its reverse. The bottom of the footplate is slightly warped indicating it is incomplete but does flare out suggesting a trapezoidal or 'fan tail' shape. It has a flaky, mottled light green and mid brown. Measurements: 42.01mm long, 24.58mm wide, 11.75mm thick and 7.24g in weight. Discussion: Radiate brooches are traditionally seen as continental in origin but there could also have been production in Kent. A small number of similar brooches are recorded on the PAS . Generally, the dating for the radiate brooches in Kent with three knops and trapezoidal footplates seems to be dating to kentish phases 1/1b dating c.4500-530 as suggested by the work of Birte Bugmann (in Parfitt and Brugmann 1995, 39 and Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 80).

KENT-AE9716: BROOCH
A fragment of a Early-Medieval gilt copper-alloy small Kentish square-headed brooch dating to the early-mid 6th century, possibly c.AD 500-540. Description: The brooch survives only as an irregular shaped fragment representing part of the lower half/foot of the brooch, below the arched bow. On the back is the remains of the L-shaped catch plate. The fragment bears part of a central cross, the central bar of which would have run along the arch of the bow the horizontal arms possibly expanding towards the outside edges. Of what remains of the four quadrants the upper two contains parts of stylised zoomorphic motifs in a Salin Style I. These motifs are likely birds as hooked beaks and eyes can just be made out. The lower panels may have been empty, but are incomplete so certainty on the point is not possible. The gilding has mostly worn off from across much of the raised areas of the front of the bow and appears to have never been applied on the reverse. The breaks are very jagged, yet worn and it is likely it was broken during antiquity. Measurements:19mm long, 15.89mm wide, 6.97mm thick and 1.59g in weight. Discussion: This brooch is of Kentish small square-headed type persistent in Kent from the very late 5th to mid/late 6th century. A pair of similar brooches with empty lower wings on the foot plate from grave 61 from Mill Hill, Deal, Kent. are dated to the Kentish Phase II c. 500-540 (Parfitt and Brugmann 1997).

The head and bow of an Early-Medieval Brooch, probably from a very early equal-arm brooch, c.5th century AD. Description: The brooch is cast copper alloy with a linear design of incised parallel ridges, running across the width, of the remaining sub-triangular arm. The arm is flat, on the reverse face there are two widely spaced and incomplete pin lugs. The shank appears to have been decorated with parallel ridges, running across its width, in a similar manner to the head. The bow terminates in an historic break. the brooch is heavily patinated a dark brown colour. Weight: 5.19g, overall length: 21.89mm Arm - width: 26.99mm, length: 9.57mm, thickness: 2.55 Shank - width: 7.09mm, length: 12.32mm, thickness: 2.89mm Discussion: This equal-arm brooch is similar to those classified as 'Anglian', seen as having Scandinavian influence (e.g. MacGregor and Bolick, 1993: 150-151, nos. 18.2-18.3; also see several recorded through the PAS, e.g. SF3876, NMS-6A8262, NMS-BC1122 and NMS-511A83). This type of brooch is discussed by Penn and Brugmann (2007: pp. 24, figs. 5.21, 5.22) and is placed in their Phases FA1-FA2a. This indicates a probable 5th century AD date range, c.450-500 AD. This brooch is, however, rather wider than other examples of the Anglian type, and it may be that it is more closely related to the wide equal-arm brooches discussed by Bruns (2003) and a single similar example on the PAS at SF-43AEC1. It is an unusual type to be found in Kent.

KENT-45621B: BROOCH
A fragment of cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch of Early-medieval date, circa late 5th century. Description: The fragment represents the foot and catchplate of an Anglo-Saxon cruciform brooch. The foot is in the form of a long snouted beast head with flaring nostrils and large eyes on the side of its head. There is a raised ridge just behind the head followed by an undecorated area, the foot has broken off just prior to the bow proceeding the break is a very small raised bar prior to the bow. There is an L-shaped catchplate on the back but its partially incomplete and has been partially folded onto itself. Measurements: 31.33mm long, 6.84mm wide, 9.18mm thick and 3.87g in weight. Discussion: The fragment seems likely to relate to a small earlier type of cruciform relating to the continental type Åberg Group 1 dating to the second half of the 5th century.

A near complete cast copper-alloy small square-headed brooch of Early-Medieval date c. 500-575. Description: The brooch has a small square head with a central double bar panel, the top bar of which has a set of dots from one end to the other. The central bars are surrounded by a raised border with a ring and dot decorating each corner and on the central horizontal ridge. There is a slight flat flange running around the outside of the head. The bow is low and formed of a double plain panel with raised edges and a central ridge. The foot is expanded tapering in outline towards the terminal forming a diamond shape with a central lozenge-shaped relief enclosing a counter relief lozenge, forming a dip. There is an incised line following the outline of the central lozenge. In the upper angles of the foot-plate are rudimentary Style I animal heads, formed from incised ring and dot and an arch of dots above. At either sides of the wings and the foot are another set of rudimentary Style I animal heads, the bottom one has large open jaws. The reverse is undecorated and has a complete pin loop and catchplate, although the pin is entirely absent. The brooch is patinated a dark green colour with some iron stained brown areas Measurements: 43.36mm long, 17.35mm wide, 8.91mm thick and 6.1g in weight. Discussion: This brooch is of small 'Kentish' square-headed type, likely dating to the period c. AD 475-550, two other examples have been reported to the PAS in very similar decorative style BERK-051CDB and HAMP1796.

A cast incomplete small-long brooch dating to the late 5th or early 6th centuries AD. Description: The brooch consists of a highly abraded and sparsely decorated thin rectangular headplate. The decoration consists of a border of incised dots. The bow is high, arched and broken just prior to the foot. It is roughly D-shaped in section with a very slight ridge along the middle. The bow is rectangular in cross-section just prior to the headplate and is decorated with a set of irregular incised transverse lines. The bow is unusually thin and long for the brooch type. To the reverse there is the damaged remains of a single lug for the spring/pin loop, the pin/spring remains only as a rusted corrosion around the loop. There is no decoration on the reverse. The broken edges are heavily worn indicating they occurred during antiquity. The entire brooch is patinated mid green colour typical of aged copper-alloy. Measurements: 32.25mm long, 24.45mm wide, 13.84mm thick and 7.3g in weight. Discussion: The small-long brooch type is the most common of the brooch types dating to the beginning of the Early-Medieval period. Dating can vary regionally for the types, a late 5th to early 6th century AD is most likely for those in Kent.

KENT-AC16E8: BROOCH
A near complete cast early Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon, c. 450-550) gilt copper-alloy button brooch probably of Suzuki's class B. Description: The brooch comprises a circular base with angled walls (turning outwards) surrounding it creating a 'saucer' shape. The face of the brooch is decorated in relief with a helmeted face within 3 concentric raised ribs. The helmet is formed by a horizontal line with a line at right angles at its centre dividing the apex of the face in two. Below are large bushy eyebrows and prominent nose formed by a T-shaped ridge with a wavy top bar with flicked up arms the upright to the T widens towards its base. Each eyes is formed by a pellet in the corner formed by the eyebrows and a curved line on the outside edge running from the outside end of the eyebrows to the base of the nose. The outer edge of the eyes also helps define the cheeks. Below the base of the nose and the cheeks is an open, 'pouting mouth' formed from a hollow diamond shape on its side. The reverse is undecorated and un gilded (this includes the outside edges of the rim) but has a standard pin lug and catchplate, both of which remain in good condition. The lack of any iron corrosion product on the back suggests either the brooch lost an iron pin before being deposited or that it had a now missing copper-alloy pin. Either is possible although the former is more likely. The brooch remains in good condition although, as mentioned it is missing its' pin and also has some abrasion and nicks around the rim. Measurements: 20.43mm in diameter, 9.25mm thick (including catchplate and lug, 2.72mm thick without) and 5.08g in weight. Discussion: Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been utilised in a number of ways including dress fasteners and as decorative brooches. From graves it appears that they were used singly rather than in pairs like the related but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and the Thames Valley with a date range of the later fifth century and the sixth century.

KENT-38369C: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy disc brooch of Scandinavian Jellinge type, dating to the period c. AD 900-1000 (though maybe closer to the first half of the century). Description: The brooch is of single piece construction consisting of an openwork very slightly convex domed decorative front plate.. The front plate demonstrates decoration in the Jellinge style, of a thin and sinuous beast whose body weaves and intertwines into a broadly S-shape, due to the wear it isn't clear however it appears to be quadruped with legs splayed either side of the sinuous body. On the rear, the backplate demonstrates has a pierced lug slightly aligned off centre with the remains of a catch at the bottom fo the brooch. This apparent misalignment may indicate an original double-lugged pin hinge which isn't uncommon for the period. The brooch is broken in small places either side of the remaining pin lug. It has an uneven mid-light green colour with some active corrosion. Measurements: 35.3mm in diameter, 10.1mm thick (with pin/catch arrangement, disc 2.1mm thick without) and 7.19g in weight. Discussion: While these one-piece brooches look superficially similar to a composite type subject to studies by Ingmar Jansson (in Arwidsson 1984), James Graham-Campbell (1985) and Jane Kershaw (2009) they are distinct not only by construction but by motif. The composite types tend to depict their jellinge beasts with double contoured circular bodies while the one-piece type tend to present the beasts as coiled s-shapes. While there has been recent work which seems to point to a south-Scandinavian origin for the composite type (Kershaw 2013, p. 317) the one-piece type is generally just attributed to Scandinavia in general. Both composite and one-piece types are relatively rare finds to be reported on the PAS database. Other one-piece openwork cast type however are recorded at NMS-05283E, LEIC-A30166, CAM-9FFFD3 and NMS-E324E1. Though the majority do seem to originate North of the Danelaw division between Anglo-Saxon and Viking controlled areas of England.

KENT-9E17A0: BROOCH
An incomplete Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) cast and incised copper-alloy disc brooch possibly of 11th century date. Description: The brooch plate is flat and circular with a raised central boss and incised decoration on the front. The boss is flat-topped and incised with a single ring-and-dot motif. The plate is divided into four quadrants by groups of four parallel lines radiating froom the central boss creating a cross design. Each quadrant contains three ring-and-dot motifs, one in each corner of the section. A single incised line runs inside the edge of the plate forming a narrow border. The reverse has a pin lug and an incomplete catchplate. The lug is encrusted in a mass of iron corrosion, representing the remains of the pin. There is a small amount of damage to the edge of the plate and a small sliver has broken off. The front of the brooch has a dull green patina, while the incised decoration has taken on a brown coloration. Measurements: diameter: 23.99mm; thickness: 3.8mm, (8.5mm including pin lug); weight:4.74g Discussion: Although incised decoration and the use of ring-and-dot motifs is common on early Anglo-Saxon plate disc broches; the arrangement of radial lines dividing the face into a cross/quadrants and the raised boss is not. This example is also smaller than the type as defined by MacGregor and Bolick's catalogue (1993. 57). They note a remarkable uniformity of size (average diameter 3.6cm) with only three of their 67 examples being recorded as under 30mm in diameter (ibid). It is therefore more likely to relate to another discoidal type classified by Weetch (73-75, 2014) as Class 4a. This type is heavily varied both in form and material, with copper-alloy, lead and even scarce silver examples known. "What unifies the class is their use of a central straight-armed cross motif with a border" (ibid.). Other features occur on some, including bosses. Examples discovered from sealed archaeological contexts, genarlly lead examples have been dated to the 11th century.

KENT-C64175: BROOCH
An Early Medieval gilded copper alloy small radiate-headed brooch dating from the mid sixth century. Description: The brooch has a semi-circular head plate decorated with a chip-carved Salin's Style I zoomorphic design depicting a crouched beast left, possibly a duck or other bird. This is surrounded by a raised border. The head has three rounded knobs, one at the top and one to each side; the knob on the left side has now broken away. The brooch has a shallow arched bow carinated on the front, and concave behind. The central raised ridges of the carinated bow are beaded lines, with ridges to either side of these continuing to meet at a point on the foot. The foot narrows and is only decorated with the continuation of the central bow ridges which converge to a point, flanked by beaded lines running to the point of the foot. The foot also has a knop on either side of its widest point, just past the bow. The foot now curves gently downwards at its broken and missing end. The reverse is undecorated, and has a standard spring and catch plate arrangement. The brooch is mostly patinated green, but on the front some of the gilding remains and on the reverse brown rust from the spring remains on the back of the head. Measurements: 32.21mm long, 17.11mm wide, 8.87mm thick and 5g in weight. Discussion: Two similar examples are known from graves in Kent. One was found in grave 102 at Mill Hill (Parfitt and Brugmann 1995, 39, fig. 191) and another in grave 408 at Buckland Dover in 1994 (Brugmann in Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 80, fig. 10.57). Mill Hill grave 102 is dated to Brugmann's Kentish Phase III (in Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 80) which is allocated the calendar dates of 530-570 AD (Brugmann 1999, 51, table 3.3). Similar examples can also be seen in MacGregor and Bolick (1993), 149, ref 16.5 and on the database at KENT-CC01C4. This form of brooch has Continental origins but there could also have been production in Kent. Class: Radiate Headed

A near complete cast copper-alloy cruciform Brooch of Early Medieval dating, c.AD 475-550. Description: The brooch is composed of a sub-rectangular headplate divided into three smaller vertically set rectangular panels; the central panel is slightly in relief. To the upper, left and right of the headplate is a half-rounded copper alloy collared knob, cast integrally with the headplate. The right example is however incomplete. The bow is medianly arched and is flanked by a pair of transverse incised lines. The foot has a transverse raised ridge with some detail on it but is indistinct, it maybe a worn beast mask common on the type. The pin is also missing with the pin lop having snapped across its length. The back is undecorated and the catchplate is formed by a slightly bent tab of copper-alloy.. Measurements: 63.94mm long, total width 39.27mm wide (head plate without knobs is 24.34), 13.91mm thick and 19g in weight. Discussion: Such brooches are not uncommon finds to be reported to the PAS and very common in Northern and eastern England. In Kent while not uncommon they are less common than the small square-headed brooches. The general form of this example fits Toby Martin' (2011) type 2.2, although further sub division is not possible as the beast mask is indistinct. Dating of type 2 brooches is roughly 475-550.

KENT-08A4C4: BROOCH
An incomplete and fragmented cast gilt-silver 'keystone' disc brooch of late 6th century date. Description: The brooch survives as approximately half of the original plate, broken roughly across the central line, in addition a small fragment was also recovered. In the centre is a circular setting, part of which is lost to the break. A circular red plate garnet survives complete in the setting. The surface of the gem is scratched but there appears to be a gold foil backing, visible along the broken line at the rear. Beside this setting is a rectangular cell containing another plate garnet, one of probably four original settings spaced evenly around the central setting. The plate is decorated in low relief with stylised zoomorphic motifs in Salin's Style I, and has a raised, flat rim with the remains of incised zig-zag ornament. The back of the brooch is plain and retains part of the pin mechanism, albeit in a broken state. Measurements: Length: 26mm, Width: 17mm, Thickness: 1.5mm and Weight: 2.43g Discussion: From the surviving fragment, this brooch appears to correspond to Avent's Class 2.1 (1975, p. 25), dated to the later sixth century. It is fairly well-represented in early medieval burials in south-eastern England, particularly Kent, where the keystone type is particularly fashionable. Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the metal of the disc brooch undertaken at the British Museum indicated a silver content of approximately 93-95% silver, 1-3% of gold, 1-2% of copper, 1-2% of zinc, with traces of other elements also present. This composition is unusual, but may have been affected by other factors. For instance, this surface analysis is likely to give a slight overestimate of the silver content of the core metal, as corrosion may alter the composition of the surface metal by preferentially leaching out copper and other elements. The red stones were also analysed using Raman spectroscopy. The spectra produced showed frequency shifts at 346, 370, 555, 864, 918 and 1039 cm-1, suggesting that the stones were almandine garnets. Conclusion: The object fulfils the Treasure Act (1996) in that it is more than 300 years old and has a precious metal content exceeding 10%.

KENT-9516EB: BROOCH
A fragment of a small radiate-headed brooch dating from 500 -570 AD Description: The head is semi-circular in shape with three small knobs, one at the apex and one at each corner. The head plate has incised circular decoration around its edge. The beginning of the short, low bow is still attached to the base of the head plate, but the remaining portion of the bow and the triangular footplate has snapped off. On the reverse of the head the pin bar lug is still present, but has been heavily corroded on the left side of the lug (as seen by the viewer). Measurements: 18.20mm long, 24.29mm wide, 8.90mm thick (including pin lug, 3.05mm without.) and 5.08g in weight. Discussion: Radiate brooches are traditionally seen as continental in origin but there could also have been production in Kent. A small number of similar brooches are recorded on the PAS . Generally, the dating for the radiate brooches in Kent with three knops and triangle or diamond footplates seems to be c.530-570 as suggested by the work of Birte Bugmann (in (Parfitt and Brugmann 1995, 39 and Parfitt and Anderson 2012, 80).

KENT-25223B: BROOCH
A near complete cast early Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon, c. 480-550) gilt copper-alloy button brooch. Description: The brooch comprises a circular base with angled walls (turning outwards) surrounding it creating a 'saucer' shape. The face of the brooch is formed of a nose, ending in a thin triangular moustache below which sits a wide open mouth. The nose branches out into two eyebrows curving away towards the outer edge. The reverse is un-gilded with the pin bar lug and catch plate being located at 9 O'clock and 3 o'clock. The pin bar lug features heavy iron corrosion. The brooch remains in good condition although, as it is missing its' pin and also has some abrasion and nicks around the rim. Measurements: 15.97mm in diameter, 9.41mm thick (including catchplate and lug, 2.95mm thick without) and 4.45g in weight. Discussion: Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been utilised in a number of ways including dress fasteners and as decorative brooches. From graves it appears that they were used singly rather than in pairs like the related but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and the Thames Valley with a date range of the later fifth century and the sixth century.

KENT-372B34: BROOCH
An incomplete Early Medieval (AD 450-550) cast copper alloy small long brooch. Description: The head-plate has a basic rectangular out-line, the upper edge is convex with a small triangular knop which protrudes from the centre. Below, the side edges each have a large semi-circular cut-out creating small equidistant arms. At the middle of the outer edge there is a roughly triangular indentation. The head-plate is decorated with three large double-ring-and-dot motifs, transversely across the arms. Above the central ring there is another large double-ring-and-dot motif. Below the head-plate is the remnant of the arched bow, that has a D-shaped profile (curved at the front and flat at the back). The front of the bow is decorated with incised lines across the shoulder of the bow, with decoration on the bow, this too badly worn to describe. On the reverse of the head-plate, is a loop at the bottom of the plate just above the start of the bow and laying in line with the bow Measurements: height: 29.79mm, width: 25.05mm, Thickness: 2.15mm, weight: 7.01g Discussion: The small-long brooch is essentially a kind of small imitation of a cruciform and/or a great square-headed brooch. This probably explains the rather enigmatic name - if cruciforms and great square-heads are 'long' brooches, then these are the small variants of the long brooch.

An incomplete gilt copper-alloy small square-headed brooch of early medieval date (c.AD 470-550). Description: The brooch remains as the gently arched bow, carinated in front, flat behind, which stems from the bottom edge of the head, now missing. The foot expands from the bow at 90 degree angle on both edges before flaring out then in with concave sides. The foot ends in concave break. The central rib of the bow extends down the centre of the foot and either side of this is moulded decoration in the form of s-shaped scrolls in relief. The reverse of the foot has the oval catchplate in tact. The brooch has a light green patina with traces of gilding present in the grooves. Measurements: Length: 22.5mm, width: 17.7mm; thickness: 8.4mm and weight 3.22g. Discussion: This brooch type is also well represented on the PAS with examples such as KENT-FAE233 and HAMP2359

KENT-E1E8D2: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy brooch of early medieval date (c. AD 550-600). Description: The brooch is broadly circular in plan and flat in cross-section with four rounded, flat knops set at equal distance around the outer edge of the disc. The brooch is decorated on each quarter with a tripple ring-and-dot in counter-relief creating a quatrelobed effect. The reverse of the brooch has an intact semi-circular pin lug, although the piercing is not visible due to it being covered in dried soil. Most of the catch plate remains, with the curved edge having broken away. The brooch has a light green, matte patina. Measurements: diameter: 22.2mm; thickness: 6.7mm; weight: 5.3g Discussion: This brooch imitates Merovingian quatrefoil brooches dating to the sixth century. Usually these brooches consists of four moulded circular roundels connected in the centre creating a lozenge central motif, occasionally decorated. They also ususally have either projecting knops between each circle facing outwards often with slab cut garnets inlaid in them. A number of examples are held by museums e.g. MET17.191.158 and two BM ML.3312. That all being said examples where the quatrefoils are surrounded ba a border or arguably within saucer like rim are known, e.g. from Grave from the Meads Cemetary, Sittingbourne. All these examples are gilt silver however and base metal examples appear to be poorly reported with only two so far reported on the PAN database in the Netherlands (PAN-00084499 and PAN-00042919) and this example is the first from England. A small number number are also known from grave in Merovingian France though they do remain rare (see here). A date of late 6th century is suggested to align this example with the examples mentioned above.

KENT-2505BB: BROOCH
A fragment of a copper-alloy brooch of early medieval date (500-570). Description: The brooch remains as the square head of the brooch below which is a section of the bow. Here the brooch ends in a transverse break. The head of the brooch is decorated with three rings above which are two transverse grooves. The reverse of the head holds the remains of the pin lug. The brooch has a dark green patina with some light green and brown mottling. Measurements: length: 16.2mm; width: 15.1mm; thickness: 6.5mm; weight: 2.67g

KENT-254FC7: BROOCH
An incomplete gilt copper-alloy brooch (button) of early medieval date (c.480-550). Description: The brooch remains as approximately two thirds of the plate. In its original, complete form, the brooch would have been circular in plan. It is decorated with a forward-facing human face in relief within a corded border. The border has traces of gilding. The reverse of the plate has the remains of the pin lug and catchplate. The brooch has a mid-dark green patina. Measurements: length: 17.6mm; width: 14.7mm; thickness: 3.7mm; weight: 1.48g

KENT-6E358C: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper-alloy cruciform brooch of early-medieval date (c. AD 480-550), probably of Martin type 2. Description: The headplate is rectangular in form with an integrally cast knop at the top centre. This is half-round with a flat back face and domed front. It is joined to the head plate by an expanded collar. The headplate has a slightly raised central rectangular panel with flattened sub-rectangular wings to either side. On the back face of the head is an integrally cast single semi-circular pin lug with central circular aperture and iron staining where the now missing pin would have once been positioned. At the base of the head is the integrally cast bow. This is rectangular in plan and curved in profile.The bow is faceted with a central vertical rib. There is no visible decoration on the brooch and it is missing the spring, pin and foot due to old breaks.It has an even light green patina. Measurements: 36.91mm long, 15.45mm width, 16.80mm high, 7.33g weight.

KENT-0C56E6: BROOCH
An incomplete Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper-alloy disc brooch (c. 450-550 AD). Description: The brooch is flat and circular with some minor abrasion along the edges. On the front there is a large incised ring-and-dot motif, at the centre there is two concentric circles with a central indentation and towards the outer edges three concentric incsied circles. The rear face has a standard single pin lug and catchplate arrangement. The pin lug and the catchplate remain in good condition although the pin is missing. The brooch has a mottled dull green patina with some coppery colouration at the centre. Measurements: 31.9mm in diameter, 8.13mm thick (including catchplate and pin arrangement, 2.18mm thick wthout) and 8.7g in weight. Discussion: MacGregor and Bolick comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. Tinning is common on these brooches (especially the more highly-decorated examples), but gilding is not encountered, adding to the impression that they occupy a position complementary to that of the saucer and applied brooches of the more affluent sections of Saxon society...There are no obvious Continental prototypes for these brooches, which seem to have been an insular Anglo-Saxon development. As a whole the type tends to occur south of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Within this region the upper Thames Valley is particularly productive and may have formed a major production centre. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period' (MacGregor & Bolick 1993: 57).

KENT-29DD02: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy plate brooch in the shape of a swastika, dating either to the Roman period or the early early-medieval period. Description: The brooch consists of four radially aligned right-angled arms running anti-clockwise. One arm is broken off a short way from the centre. A border of punched crescents runs around the outside border of each arm. The reverse has a broken pin and catch arrangement, both running parallel to the missing pin. The pin loop is covered in corroded iron, so its form is not certain, The catchplate is rectangular in plan and appears to slightly fold towards one side, though it remains very worn. The brooch has a light green colour except on the reverse where the iron corrosion stains it a mid-light brown colour. Measurements: 29.7mm long, 23.4mm wide. 7.9mm thick including pin and catch arrangement and 7.6g in weight. Discussion: Plate swastika brooches can be tricky to date out of context as they occur in 1st to 2nd century Roman Britain, apparently originating on the continent in the vicinity of the Danube, but also in the 5th century, originating with the Germanic migration.. Many Roman examples have narrower arms, though punched decoration occurs on both. The wide arms and the punched crescents (common in the 5th century) do however seem to point to a 5th-century date.

KENT-651D7A: BROOCH
An incomplete lead brooch of early medieval date (c.1000). Description: The brooch is circular in plan with a flat reverse. It is decorated with a central conical boss and six equidistant similarly-shaped smaller bosses surrounding. The remains of the pin attachment mechanism can be seen on the reverse. A small part of the edge of the brooch has broken off but remains with the brooch. Measurements: diameter: 27.2mm; weight: 11.3g Discussion: This brooch fits a group of 9th century lead-alloy brooches classified by Weetch (2013, p.122) as type 24 (bossed disc brooches) which are concentrated in London. See nos. 809 and 812 for close parallels.

KENT-7D7612: BROOCH
A fragment of a cast copper-alloy brooch (cruciform) of early medieval date (c.410-600). Description: The brooch remains at the zoomorphic foot of the brooch and catchplate. The foot takes the form of a horse's head which terminates from a rectangular section with moulded ridge and ring decoration and catchplate on the reverse. The terminal is triangular in cross-section with a prominent vertical ridge forming the bridge of the horse's nose. This ridge extends from a fork which begins beneath the bottom most ridge of the catchplate section, either side of which two prominent cylindrical eyes purtrude. At the centre of each eye, holes give the appearance of pupils. The long, rectangular bridge of the horse's nose widens to form a rounded, oval snout with ring decoration forming nostrils. Two curving lines extend from the top of the snout backwards across the bridge of the nose and terminate at the edges. The reverse of the terminal is concave but the rectangular section from which the catchplate extends is triangular in cross-section. The catchplate is incomplete, missing the portion which would have held the pin in place. The brooch has a mid green patina. Measurements: length: 43.1mm; width: 9.8mm; thickness (including catchplate): 11.7mm; weight: 7.38g

A near complete cast early Early-Medieval gilt copper-alloy button brooch dating to the period c.AD 480-550. Series 1, class A1.3 (Avent and Evison 1982; Suzuki 2008). Description: The brooch comprises a circular base with a raised rim on the circumference creating a 'saucer' shape. The human face on the brooch is formed of a nose above a thin downturned crescent moustache below, over the chin. The nose branches out into slightly curved double peaked eyebrows. Above the brows is the hair or peak of a helmet. The reverse is undecorated and not gilded (this includes the outside edges of the rim) but has a pin lug and catchplate located at 12 and 6 o'clock. Measurements: 16.40mm diameter; 5.37mm thick (including catchplate and lug, 1.63mm thick without) and 2.47g in weight.

KENT-C4CCE9: BROOCH
An incomplete copper-alloy ansate brooch of Weetch's type IV, of middle early-medieval date (c.700-860). Description: The brooch has two flattened square terminals with engraved square borders that contain diagonal cross motifs. These are connected by a short curved bow which is engraved with a row of three crosses. The reverse of one of the terminals has an integrally cast lug which has traces of an iron pin still attached to it. The opposite lug has a rectangular catchplate, one side of which curls around to secure the now missing pin. Measurements: 37.4mm; width: 10.7mm; thickness: 12.9mm; weight: 5.81g

KENT-FFEC48: BROOCH
An incomplete white metal coated cast copper alloy small long brooch of early medieval date (c.470-550). Description: The brooch has a sub-rectangular head plate. At the centre is an incised (double) ring and dot, with a smaller ring and dot around it at each corner. Each outer edge of the headplate is quite worn and has rounded corners. Bottom edge of head plate meets the integrally attached bow. The bow is incomplete, but appears to be low-arched and convex. The bow terminates in a worn break.The reverse has an integral spring loop, now completely obscured with ferrous corrision. The bow reverse is flat and flush with the edge of the headplate. The base metal has dark green patination. Slight traces of the white metal coating survives on the front of the headplate. Measurements: height 17.51mm, width 20.72mm, thickness 7.95mm, weight 4.71g

KENT-E1F778: BROOCH
An incomplete cast copper alloy Early-Medieval parallel-sided ansate (caterpillar) brooch, dating to the period c.700-900. Description: The brooch survives as the head with part of the pin-lug and less than half of the bow which is formed in D-shaped cross-section. The head terminals swirls slightly along the sides. The front is decorated with an incised ring-and-dot motif with two on the head and two on the bow, which are separated by a raised bar. The reverse pin-lug is pierced, one lug having snapped across the piercing. Evidence of the iron pin remains as corrosion on the more complete lug. The copper-alloy has a muddled green to yellow colour, with more muddy brown-red on the pin bar, on the reverse around the pin-lug, and bottom right looking from the front. There is abrasion along the edges of the brooch, and the break across the bow is slightly worn but un-patternated, indicating that the break has happened within the recent historic past. Measurement: Length: 27.75mm x Width 12.04mm (at terminal) 10.83 (at bow) x Thickness 7.53mm (3mm at bow) x Weight 3.91g Discussion: This brooch is similar to Nos. 1293-1303 in Weetch (2014, 160-3), which are classified as her ansate Type X, but the abrasion around the head makes it difficult to be certain of the classification.

An incomplete and abraded cast early Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) gilded copper-alloy button brooch dating to the period c. 480-550. Description: The is gently dished with cast relief decoration. The outer rim is lightly angled and low compared to many such brooches. The decoration consists of a raised simple circular border within which is a circular face or mask consisting of high angular cheekbones formed from sweeping lines, the lower of which help form the upper side of the moustache, the lower moustache is defined by a another thin line. The eyes are simple pellet eyes, the eye sockets are triangular, the nose is formed from simple vertical line. The reverse has a standard pin and lug arrangement, although no evidence of the ping and spring remains. The lower rim edge of the dished rim has been bent outwards slightly; the sides have been more heavily abraded leaving the button brooch slightly oval in shape. The pin lug has broken across its width although the catchplate remains intact and in good condition.. The upper face of the brooch is gilded although much of this on the upper section of the brooch has worn much of the gilding away. Measurements: 19.65mm in diameter, 7.78mm thick (including catchplate and lug, 3.61mm thick without) and 5.03g in weight. Discussion: Button brooches are distinguished by their small size and by the anthropomorphic face-masks which they feature. They may have been utilised in a number of ways including dress fasteners and as decorative brooches. From graves it appears that they were used singly rather than in pairs like the related but larger saucer brooches. Button brooches are found throughout much of southern England and the Thames Valley with a date range of the later fifth century and the sixth century. This example is relatively simple with no obvious hair or helmet and angular features; this likely fits it with Suzuki (2008) class Iii.

KENT-15FCBF: BROOCH
An incomplete Early-Medieval (Anglo-Saxon) copper-alloy disc brooch (c. 450-c. 550). Description: .The brooch is flat and circular in plan with some abrasion around the edges. The pin and spring mechanism are missing. At the front there is an incised ring-and-dot motif at the centre which has two concentric circles and a central indentation. This central motif is surrounded by six unevenly spaced ring-and-dot motifs which are of similar size and design as the central one. The rear face has a pin lug and catch-plate with slight turnover which are on the same alignment. This brooch is dark grey in colour with mottled patches and there is no indication of any white metal coating on this example. There is a very small patch of iron corrosion on the front of the brooch and a couple of deep scratches. Diameter: 21.53mm; thickness: 1.45mm; thickness including pin lug: 8.23mm. Weight:3.71g. Discussion: similar examples can be found in MacGregor-Bolick (1993, p. 64, nos: 4.42-4.44). Examples on the database include: IOW-BA9531 and SF-1D3D31 MacGregor and Bolick comment that: 'Almost all the decoration found on these brooches is inscribed or stamped on the surface after casting; the only exceptions may be the broad concentric grooves found on a few brooches. Incised concentric circles and ring-and-dot motifs account for most of the patterns encountered, frequently complemented by concentric patterns of smaller punch marks - annulets, crescents (usually produced with an annulet stamp held at an angle), triangles, and V- or S-stamps. A central dot forms a common feature, no doubt representing the axis around which a scriber has been rotated; in some instances the dot is markedly deep and often the brooch is completely perforated at the centre. Not infrequently the periphery of the brooch is notched. Tinning is common on these brooches (especially the more highly-decorated examples), but gilding is not encountered, adding to the impression that they occupy a position complementary to that of the saucer and applied brooches of the more affluent sections of Saxon society...There are no obvious Continental prototypes for these brooches, which seem to have been an insular Anglo-Saxon development. As a whole the type tends to occur south of a line from the Severn to the Wash. Within this region the upper Thames Valley is particularly productive and may have formed a major production centre. The date range spans the fifth and sixth centuries (most of them occupying the median hundred years or so), with little evidence for formal development within that period' (MacGregor & Bolick 1993: 57).

KENT-A9177B: BROOCH
An incomplete cats copper-alloy flat annular brooch (Leeds Type G) of early medieval date (c. AD 475-575). Description: The frame is flat and rectangular in profile but narrows towards the pin constriction where it is now broken. It is widest at the point opposite the pin constriction and narrows slightly as it approaches it. The front is decorated by a scheme of transverse lines; it is divided into four sections by pairs of transverse grooves between which are series of more lightly incised diagonal grooves. The back is plain and somewhat uneven. The pin is missing. Measurements: Diameter: 29.2mm; width of frame: 6.53mm (widest point), 5.58mm (narrowest); Thickness: 2.4mm; weight: 5.15g.

An incomplete cast copper-alloy disc brooch of early medieval date (c.450-550) Description: The brooch is flat and circular in plan with some abrasion around the edges. The pin and spring mechanism are missing. At the front there is an incised dot motif, one at the centre, with four more on the cardinal points forming a simple cross. The rear is flat with stumps for an in-line hinge lug and catchplate. Measurements: 35.01mm in diameter, 1.81mm thick, 5.90mm thick at the highest surviving point of the reverse lug, 10.22g in weight

KENT-D90FBC: BROOCH
An incomplete cast, white-metal coated copper-alloy early-medieval Frankish S-shaped brooch with bird-head terminals, late c.5th-6th century. The brooch is S-shaped and formed of two conjoined predatory birds' heads in profile. divided by a bar decorated with a relief border. From each end of the bar, linked to the ends of the birds' beaks, is a curved tapering projection, probably representing the birds' legs or talons. These projections have a sunken triangular centre at their wider base, and a pair of very fine grooves across as they taper to a point. Each bird is nearly identical, with curved beak, teardrop eye, angled headframe, wide cheeks and small s-shaped talon. The bird on the head of the brooch has a beak decorated with a zig-zag relief line within a relief border; the bird on the foot has a simpler curving ridge in the centre of its beak. The bodies are decorated with four longitudinal ridges, alternately zig-zag (probably indicating feathers) and plain. The reverse of the brooch is undecorated, with a single pin bar lug on the reverse of the head and a catchplate on the reverse of the foot. Both are parallel to the line of the (missing) pin. There is iron corrosion around the pin bar lug. The brooch is a light turquoise colour with evidence of white-metal coating, probably tin, across the surface. This survives best on the larger flat surfaces of the heads, and it is possible that it was originally restricted to these areas. 36.64mm long, 26.74mm wide, 8.47mm thick and 5.27g in weight. This is an unusual form of S-shaped brooch and no parallel has yet been found. It may be an import.

KENT-D2197B: BROOCH
A fragment of Early Early-Medieval (500-600) copper alloy silvered brooch, consisting of the headplate with single lug to the reverse. The fragment is irregular in plan. The fragment is 40.3mm long, 26.7mm wide, 0,8mm thick and weighs 7.69 grams.