Record ID: LANCUM-701821
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Cumbria
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Post Medieval copper alloy manilla. The complete copper alloy manilla has been made in the form of a small penannular arm bangle/bracelet comprising of a circular-sectioned curved rod of a uniform thickness flaring out to expanded and flattened sub heart-shaped terminals. There is a casting ridge seam around the inside curve of the manilla, which terminates at the flattened terminals. There is no decoration on the artefact, which is in an overall slightly worn but good condition with a smooth light grey/green patina.  Length: 64mm; width: 63mm; wei…
Created on: Monday 12th June 2023
Last updated: Monday 24th July 2023
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'near Keswick', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: LVPL-4D829A
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Cheshire West and Chester
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete copper alloy 'manilla' dating to the post medieval to modern period (c.AD 1550-1945). The manilla has been cast in the form of a small penannular arm bracelet which is circular in cross-section. On end gradually expands to form a flattened sub-circular terminal. The terminal measures: length 23.1mm; width 22.3mm. The opposite end of the object terminates with a recent break. A casting seam is present through the centre of the object on the both outer and inner faces. The object has a dark green patina. Dimensions: Length 68.6mm; width 9.1mm; thickness 6.7mm…
Created on: Wednesday 17th May 2023
Last updated: Friday 19th May 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WMID-048F56
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A Post Medieval to Modern complete cast copper alloy 'manilla' dating to circa AD 1550 - 1945. Most likely 18th-19th century. The 'manilla is horse-shoe shaped in form which tapers at the end to flattened sub oval-shaped terminals. The object has a bronze coloured patina and much of the surface is pitted. There is no decoration on the object or visible casting seam. There are a number of 'manilla' recorded on the PAS database with just two further examples recorded under the WMID prefix including (WMID-22DE66) and (WMID-72EE03) both discovered in Staffordshire. Manil…
Created on: Friday 9th April 2021
Last updated: Thursday 8th July 2021
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: DEV-5DD020
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Devon
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete copper alloy 'manilla' dating from the post-medieval to modern period, between c. AD 1550-1945. The 'manilla' has been cast in the form of a small penannular arm bracelet which is circular in cross-section. The bracelet gradually tapers, before expanding to form a flattened sub-circular terminal which slopes diagonally downwards at a sharp angle. It is plain and undecorated, although there is a small raised ridge at approximately the 10 o'clock position. These items, known as 'manillas' (the Portuguese word for bracelet), can vary in size and style and were treated as in…
Created on: Thursday 4th April 2019
Last updated: Thursday 6th June 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WMID-72EE03
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Staffordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete copper alloy 'manilla' dating to the Post Medieval/Modern period, between ADc.1550-1945. The 'manilla' has been cast in the form of a small penannular arm bracelet which is circular in cross-section. On end gradually expands to form a flattened sub-circular terminal. The terminal measures 21.4 mm in length and 16.5 mm in width. The opposite end of the object terminates with an old break. No decoration is present. Dimensions: 61.1mm in length, 24.1 mm in width, 8.7 mm thick, weight 35.7 g These items, known as 'manillas' (the Portuguese word for bracelet), can v…
Created on: Tuesday 23rd January 2018
Last updated: Friday 3rd July 2020
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: LIN-E37002
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Lincolnshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A copper alloy manilla of the 'Late British' or Okpoho type, and which probably dates to the mid19th to early 20th century. The 'manilla' has been cast in the form of a small penannular arm bracelet which is circular in cross-section. Both ends expand to a tear-drop shaped terminal. No casting seam is visible. The manilla has a dark green patina with patches of light green corrosion. Patches of brown patina are also visible around the terminals. Height: 51mm. Width: 55mm. Thickness: 14mm. Weight: 43.86g
Created on: Friday 29th September 2017
Last updated: Wednesday 4th October 2017
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Apley', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: LVPL-4C2795
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Cheshire West and Chester
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete copper alloy 'manilla' dating to the Post Medieval/Modern period, between ADc.1550-1945. The 'manilla' has been cast in the form of a small penannular arm bracelet which is circular in cross-section. On end gradually expands to form a flattened sub-circular terminal. The terminal measures 21mm in length and 20mm in width. The opposite end of the object terminates with a recent break. There is no decoration on this artefact, which is worn but in relatively good condition. It has a dark brown patina. Dimensions: 72mm in length, 20mm in width, 8mm thick, 35.0g The…
Created on: Tuesday 11th July 2017
Last updated: Friday 3rd July 2020
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Foulk Stapleford', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: IOW-B834B9
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Isle of Wight
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of a post-Medieval copper-alloy penannular ring, possibly a manilla (c. 1500-c. 1900). This fragment is about 30% of the total object. It has an expanded oval terminal with a flat face which measures 11.6 x 9.3mm. The hoop is oval in cross-section and measures 8.2 x 6.3mm. The object is corroded with traces of a brown patina. The break is abraded. Length: 59.6mm; width: 11.6mm; thickness: 9.3mm. Weight: 19.02g. The internal diameter is estimated to have been about 45.0mm when complete. These items, known as 'manillas' (the Portuguese word for bracelet), can …
Created on: Monday 22nd February 2016
Last updated: Tuesday 23rd February 2016
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Isle of Wight', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: KENT-22ED41
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: MODERN
County: Kent
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete, but repaired, cast copper alloy 'manilla' dating to the Post Medieval/Modern period, between ADc.1550-1945. The 'manilla' has been cast in the form of a small penannular arm bracelet comprising of a circular-sectioned rod of a standard thickness (10.45mm) which gradually expands at either end to produce flattened sub-circular terminals (terminals 19.60mm length by 18.40mm width). There are slight ridges running along the length of the terminal bases where they have been worn flat by a tool leaving numerous scratch marks. There is no decoration on this artefact, which is…
Created on: Wednesday 5th February 2014
Last updated: Friday 14th February 2014
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: LANCUM-35B151
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Cumbria
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Post Medieval copper alloy African king manilla. A decorated King, or possibly large Queen, locking manilla (also known as an Okpoho in the Igbo language) made of brass and a high copper alloy. It is missing the locking pin but is otherwise complete. It is quite likely the two parts were either made separately at a similar time, or the smaller section was made as replacement at a later date. The manilla was found during farming activities c1970. The family who owned the farm at the time of discovery had farmed in Rhodesia in an earlier period. It is probably dates to between c1700 and …
Created on: Monday 26th November 2012
Last updated: Wednesday 31st May 2023
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Penrith', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: PUBLIC-3C1146
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: MODERN
County: Cumbria
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Very worn half cast copper alloy object, probably one half of an African manilla dating to the 19th century.
Created on: Wednesday 16th May 2012
Last updated: Friday 10th February 2017
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Penrith', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: SWYOR-C24C11
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Lincolnshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A 'manilla': a penannular copper alloy ring with flared terminals, used as currency in West African countries and associated with the slave trade. The ring is solid cast with a circular cross section. The flared ends are pointed ovals, slightly offset and very slightly convex. It is 59.8mm long, the ring is 8mm in diameter and the ends measure 17mm by 15mm. It weighs 68.28 grams. It has a mid green patina surviving in the pitted areas only. These items, known as 'manillas' (the Portuguese word for bracelet), can vary in size and style and were treated as ingots. They were usually…
Created on: Tuesday 12th July 2011
Last updated: Friday 5th June 2020
No spatial data available.

Record ID: LANCUM-41B6C5
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Cumbria
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete cast copper alloy 'manilla' with probable silvering, dating to the Post Medieval/ Modern period, between AD c. 1550 - 1945 (length: 57.5mm; width: 59.5mm; thickness in middle of hoop: 8.5mm; weight: 73.7g). The 'manilla' has been made in the form of a small penannular arm bangle/ bracelet comprising of a circular-sectioned curved rod of a standard thickness, with expanded and flattened sub oval-shaped terminals (length of flattened terminals: 21mm; width of terminals: 16.5mm). There is a slight ridge running down the length of each terminal base, which has been ground …
Created on: Friday 7th May 2010
Last updated: Monday 9th May 2022
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Kendal', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: SUSS-2F8013
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: West Sussex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete 'manilla': a penannular copper alloy ring with flared terminals, used as currency with West African countries and associated with the slave trade. The ring is solid cast with a circular cross section and about one third remains, the rest is lost to an old break. The flared ends are circular, slightly offset and very slightly convex with file marks on the end face. It is 79.1mm long, the ring is 12.6mm in diameter and the ends 30.7mm, it weighs 95 grams. These items, known as 'manillas' (the Portuguese word for bracelet), can vary in size and style and were…
Created on: Tuesday 7th July 2009
Last updated: Tuesday 4th April 2023
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Near Goring by Sea', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: GAT-649317
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Gwynedd
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A 'manilla': a penannular copper alloy ring with flared terminals, used as currency with West African countries and associated with the slave trade. The object was cast-in-one (a slight ridge around the item denotes that the casting took place in a bivalve mould) in accordance with West African tastes and to reflect the types of items the people were accustomed to (Anon.). These items, known as 'manillas' (the Portuguese word for bracelet), can vary in size and style and were treated as ingots. They were usually made in Europe to exchange for trade items including slave…
Created on: Tuesday 10th March 2009
Last updated: Tuesday 4th April 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NMGW-563727
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: the Vale of Glamorgan
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Modern copper alloy (probably brass) manilla of probable early 19th century date and of type 'Okpoho' The manilla is in the form of a small penannular arm ring comprising a circular-sectioned oval ring (external dimensions: 60.3mm wide x 57.3mm long,) of standard thickness (8.8mm diameter) and with a weight of 79.2g. The terminals are sub oval-shaped (21.1mm x 18.9mm) with flat undersides. A rounded ridge runs from the ring to the base of the terminal. There is no decoration on the manilla. The surface has patchy preservation with a dark-green patina.
Created on: Friday 15th February 2008
Last updated: Tuesday 4th April 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WMID-22DE66
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Staffordshire
Workflow stage: Published
A complete cast copper alloy 'manilla' with probable silvering, dating to the Post Medieval/ Modern period, between AD c. 1550 - 1945 (length: 57.5mm; width: 59.5mm; thickness in middle of hoop: 8.5mm; weight: 73.7g). The 'manilla' has been made in the form of a small penannular arm bangle/ bracelet comprising of a circular-sectioned curved rod of a standard thickness, with expanded and flattened sub oval-shaped terminals (length of flattened terminals: 21mm; width of terminals: 16.5mm). There is a slight ridge running down the length of each terminal base, which has been ground …
Created on: Tuesday 3rd April 2007
Last updated: Friday 9th April 2021
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Ilam', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: CORN-31B3A7
Object type: CURRENCY BAR
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Isles of Scilly
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Cast copper alloy 'manilla' in the form of a small penannular arm band or bangle made up of a curved rod, circular in section, with expanded and flattened terminals, that are teardrop-shaped in section. The terminals are 15.3 mm in length and 13.2 mm in width. The manilla is 140 mm in total length, 7 mm in width and 8 mm in thickness and has a diameter of 57.2 mm. Manillas were used as a form of money to trade for slaves on the West African coast from the time of Henry VIII right up until World War II. They are hard to date as they were made in the same way, using the same metals wi…
Created on: Wednesday 29th June 2005
Last updated: Tuesday 10th September 2019
Spatial data recorded.