Record ID: OXON-BD151A
Object type: NEEDLE
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete wrought iron needle or bodkin of probable Roman date. The needle has a round sectioned shaft with sharp point. At the opposing end the shank has been hammered flat. An oval hole is located centrally on the flattened section, while behind it the head of the needle ends in a flat point. The needle is now bent (reflected in measurements). A number of similar needles are recorded on the PAS database, although in copper alloy (see records SF-63CD36, ASHM-205517 and BUC-BA99FB), as well as published examples (see Crummy 1983, p. 66, no. 1993). These are dated to the Roman period …
Created on: Sunday 3rd March 2019
Last updated: Sunday 3rd March 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-BCD867
Object type: NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete wrought iron nail of Roman date. The iron T-shaped in profile and has a long, tapering square-sectioned shank. One arm of the head cross bar is longer than the other. Similar nails have been illustrated by Manning (1974), and this would fit into his Class 1b. A similar object was recovered from a secure archaeological context dating to the fourth century AD (see BERK-D3B958).
Created on: Sunday 3rd March 2019
Last updated: Sunday 3rd March 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-BCA5ED
Object type: HOE
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A near-complete iron tool of possible Late Iron Age or Roman date. The object has an uneven crescentic blade with rounded shoulders. The open socket of the tool has a rivet hole for securing the handle in place, and iron corrosion adheres to the area around the blade and socket junction. The blade has been worn down to its current shape through use. This tool may be an axe or adze but also possibly a hoe. The open socket is characteristic of pre-medieval tools. Similar examples of this database include NLM-B747A1 (hoe) and SWYOR-25D974 (socketed axe). Check Catalogue of Romano-British…
Created on: Sunday 3rd March 2019
Last updated: Sunday 3rd March 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-4310B2
Object type: DAGGER
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An iron pommel from a medieval or early post-medieval dagger or knife, c. AD 1300-1550. The pommel is sub-rectangular in plan and T-shaped in section, having the remains of an integral tang that is now broken. The pommel has raised ribs moulded on the edge and extending onto the top, repeated each side with the remains of a raised rib horizontally through the length of the pommel. Below the main cap is a recessed circumferential moulding above a lower rib, which is also circumferential. Below this the pyramidal head of the tang narrows into aa rounded shank, where the tang is now brok…
Created on: Wednesday 13th February 2019
Last updated: Thursday 14th February 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-C81AD9
Object type: ARROWHEAD
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete iron arrowhead of medieval date. The arrowhead is socketed with a pointed tip and near-parallel sides to the break close to the end of the socket. The arrowhead does not appear to have been barbed and the style is similar to bodkin or 'bullet' arrowheads of the period c. AD 1200-1400. Often considered 'armour piercing' these weapons would only have been effective against armour at close range. Jessop, O. 1997. Medieval Arrowheads. Datasheet 22. Finds Research Group 700-1700 Datasbeets 1-24. 1985-1998. Reprographic Unit, University of Oxford.
Created on: Saturday 26th January 2019
Last updated: Wednesday 30th January 2019
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Lewknor', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: OXON-900BF3
Object type: JEWS HARP
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: West Berkshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete post-medieval iron 'Jew's harp', missing only the tongue. The harp consists of a rounded C-shaped end which extends to two prongs, which would have rested in the mouth. There is a groove on the centre of the rounded end where the tongue would have attached. It is sub-lozenge shaped in cross section. The iron of the harp is corroded with fragments flaking. This object probably dates to the post-medieval period c.1600-1800, but could be slightly earlier.
Created on: Tuesday 19th June 2018
Last updated: Tuesday 19th June 2018
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-D32005
Object type: NAIL
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An iron nail of probable medieval or early post-medieval date. The nail may be a horseshoe nail although these usually have flat heads, so this may be ffrom a small wodden item. The nail has a tapering rectangular shank and a broad triangular head. Suggested date AD 1250-1600.
Created on: Tuesday 29th May 2018
Last updated: Tuesday 29th May 2018
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-D2E682
Object type: CLEAT
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete Roman iron cleat, used as a fastener on leather and dating to the period c.AD 43-410. The cleat is oval in plan and rectangular in cross section. There are two integral arms on the logitudinal axis, one projecting at each edge. Both are circular in cross section, and curve outwards and then terminate in worn breaks. Both sides are undecorated.
Created on: Tuesday 29th May 2018
Last updated: Tuesday 29th May 2018
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-1034F8
Object type: ARROWHEAD
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Wiltshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete iron tanged and barbed arrowhead of probable medieval date. The arrowhead has suffered some damage to the barbs and both are now bent with one resting against the tang. The arrowhead has the remains of a rectangular tang which is thicker than the point itself; the tang then flattens. Tanged examples are usually seen in European arrowheads, unlike English arrowheads which were usually socketed. Small barbed arrowheads like this example could be used for hunting game, as they were designed to remain inside the body of the prey, but they were also firmly fixed into t…
Created on: Tuesday 20th March 2018
Last updated: Tuesday 20th March 2018
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-9421A6
Object type: HORSESHOE
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: West Berkshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete iron horseshoe of medieval date. The horseshoe has a flat plate which is attached to the shoe (and the hoof) via iron nails. The form of the horseshoe suggests it is a Type 3 or Type 4 horseshoe (after Clark 1995), dating from c. AD 1250-1400. There are no obvious calkins and it is unlikely that this shoe ever had any - the plate suggests that this is an orthopaedic shoe fitted to protect the 'frog', the cushioned underside of the hoof. The frog protects the sensitive structures of the hoof from damage when the horse steps on uneven ground or rocks. Examples of mediev…
Created on: Wednesday 14th March 2018
Last updated: Wednesday 14th March 2018
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-00477B
Object type: SPUD
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
The remains of a small socketed iron tool, possibly a Roman spud. The tool has an unevenly worn crescentic blade which narrows in to the remains of a circular socket. It appears that the small section of the socket retained may be open, a trait often seen on iron objects and weapons of Iron age through to early-medieval date. This tool is similar to Roman 'spuds' - a tool used for cleaning other blades (like plough blades), or for barking (stripping bark which could be used in the tanning process) or even as a type of hoe. Manning (1985 plate 19) illustrates similar objects.
Created on: Wednesday 7th March 2018
Last updated: Thursday 19th November 2020
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-2C1C8E
Object type: SPEAR
Broad period: EARLY MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete iron spear of early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date. The spearhead has a long, slender leaf-shaped blade with low midrib visible on either side creating a lozengiform cross section. The tip of the spear and the blade edges are damaged and worn. At the base of the spear blade an open circular sectioned socket expands from the flat of the blade. The open socket only survives to a length of c. 36mm although the characteristic side split is discernible. The original socket would have been a quarter to one-fifth of the length of the blade (Swanton 1974:10). Swanton continues that…
Created on: Friday 8th September 2017
Last updated: Monday 29th January 2018
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-C47DC6
Object type: COIN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A worn and corroded contemporary copy of a Roman sestertius, having an iron core that may have been plated with copper alloy. Hardly any design can be discerned however part of the hair of the right facing bust may be seen - the style of the hair suggests that this is coin is copying an issue of the Antonine emperors, possibly Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus or Septimius Severus, with a date range of c. AD 138- AD 211. The iron is flaking in places, and no copper alloy survives. Only a very small number of iron copies have been recorded by the PAS, most are copies of den…
Created on: Thursday 10th August 2017
Last updated: Wednesday 23rd August 2017
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-1E4540
Object type: PURSE
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete iron purse bar of medieval date, c.AD 1500 - 1650, now quite corroded. Williams Class C. The suspension loop is an elongated oval with an ovate section and expands into a triple banded collar. Below the collar is a narrow circular shaft, around which the purse bar is fitted, which terminates in a bulbous knop. The bar is short and ovate, narrowing to either end from which short circular sectioned arms extend. This object was found on the surface of a plouged field and appears to be the first complete iron purse bar recorded on the PAS database.
Created on: Wednesday 2nd August 2017
Last updated: Wednesday 2nd August 2017
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-0A6353
Object type: KEY (LOCKING)
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete iron key dating to the Roman period. The key has a sub-oval loop at one end of a flat solid rectangular stem which tapers from the loop to the bit. The bit is curved to a near right-angle from the stem and has three upright rectangular teeth projecting, all of which show signs of use. This example survives in unusually good condition. Similar examples conform to Manning's type 1 slide keys; a good parallel is shown in Manning 1985, fig. 25 no. 6.
Created on: Monday 8th May 2017
Last updated: Wednesday 24th July 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-88F2F7
Object type: SPEAR
Broad period: EARLY MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete iron socketed spear head of probable early early-medieval (Anglo-Saxon) date. The spear head has a broad and angular leaf-shaped blade with lozengiform cross section and split or cleft socket, a trait of spearheads of this period. The mouth of the socket is damaged but is 19mm diameter; the neck of the socket where it meets the blade is 17mm acorss. The spear head is similar to Swanton (1977) Series E, which are frequently found in graves of 7th century date. This type of spear head has a geographical distribution throughout the Midlands and into the Upper Thames Valley.
Created on: Thursday 20th April 2017
Last updated: Monday 7th January 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-9C804A
Object type: SWORD
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of a hollow, cast iron sword pommel from a large sword, possibly a broad sword and of medieval date. Approximately one-quarter of the pommel survives; originally it would have been spherical. The remains of a rectangular hole for the tang of the sword's handle indicates that this is the underside of the pommel. The pommel fragment has six vertical ribs down the length of the body, these may have had copper strips attached to them. The pommel appears to have broken along the central casting seam. A very similar example is classed as Type VI in the Medieval Catalogue (1954:22…
Created on: Tuesday 9th August 2016
Last updated: Tuesday 9th August 2016
Spatial data recorded.

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Record ID: BERK-02D25B
Object type: CANNON BALL
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Three complete iron cannon balls, possibly for a falconet. Weights 488grmas (x2) and 486 grams (just over a pound each). 510mm diamater (2 inches). Very faint casting seam visible around the girth of each one. Cannonball or agricultural balls?
Created on: Tuesday 14th June 2016
Last updated: Thursday 6th June 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-038AA8
Object type: ARROWHEAD
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete iron arrowhead of probable medieval date. The arrowhead has a thin, lozenge-shaped head and the remains of a socket. Similar types are dated from the 13th century AD (Ward-Perkins 1954:68-69).
Created on: Thursday 2nd June 2016
Last updated: Thursday 2nd June 2016
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-020F92
Object type: HORSESHOE
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete forged, wrought iron horseshoe of later medieval or post-medieval date. The horseshoe has heavy calkins (not rolled) measuring 17.4mm thick, and the nail holes are rectangular some of which are countersunk. Two nails remain in place and these have square heads, not the fiddle key heads characteristic of earlier medieval horseshoes. There is no fullering line around the nail holes. A very similar horseshoe is illustrated in Ward-Perkins (1954:117 fig. 37.5), which is from the Guildhall Museum and is date from the 15th or early 16th century AD.
Created on: Thursday 2nd June 2016
Last updated: Tuesday 19th May 2020
Spatial data recorded.