CORN-955913: KNIFE
Incomplete forged iron knife, with a broken blade at one end, and tapering towards the tang at the other end which is bent at a 45 degree angle. The upper edge and the blade edge have parallel sides in plan, from the break until the blade starts to taper towards the tang, at an oblique angle. One face of the knife is forged and tapered in three stages, as it narrows to the cutting edge, in section. The opposite face is flat, suggesting that this blade was used to cut sideways, perhaps as part of a pair of shears, or used like a 'currier' knife which was used for cutting and paring leather. These tools have the tang flush with the upper edge of the blade, the opposite edge to the cutting edge, as this example does. The tang does appear to be getting thicker and more lozenge-shaped in section, so that it may be part of the arm of a pair of shears, but it may be just an extension of the broken and corroded blade, as there is normally a more defined right angle between the blade and the base of the tang. The iron has been corroded and there are layers of corrosion product that have flaked off, removing the original surface, but the majority of the piece is still intact. The condition of the iron and the shape of the blade do not look prehistoric (Niall Sharples pers comm) even though the object was found on the site of an Iron Age hillfort. Margeson (1993) illustrates knives with a similar profile and tangs flush with the upper edge on pages 126-7, Figs.92-3, Nos.799 & 811, which are dated from the 17th century, and shears which have parallel sides in plan and are tapered on one side only in section on page 134, Fig.99, Nos.903-4, which are dated from c.1600-1675.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/600627

WAW-9456F7: COIN
Post Medieval coin: halfgroat of Henry VIII (1509-1547) minted in York between 1530 and 1544. North No. 1807.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/600625

NMS-911B87: HARNESS MOUNT
Medieval gilt copper alloy mount for the suspension of a pendant, a D-sectioned bar with fleur-de-lis terminals, three rivet holes, two pairs of transverse rib mouldings and in the centre a suspension loop folded onto the reverse and retaining the remains of an iron spindle. Very little gilding remains. Length 138mm. Width or height at the centre 22mm. Thickness 5mm. 13th - 14th century.
Stable URI: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/600622

NMS-90EFF6: BUCKLE
Fragment of a medieval copper alloy probable buckle plate, part of the fold, with both sides and the inside edge of the front part, and almost all of the rear part missing. Parts of two apertures suggest that the object may have been similar to an example from Oxborough, Norfolk (HER 56912, NMS-8003A2). There is, however, no pin slot, which suggests that there may have been more than three apertures. Between the surviving two there are three engraved grooves. Extant dimensions 18 x 18mm. c.1150 - c.1225.

HAMP-906372: COIN
A Medieval penny of Edward III (1327-77), minted at Durham, fourth coinage, pre-treaty series F or G (1356-61). The coin is exceedingly worn, bent and split.

HAMP-904597: COIN
A Medieval cut farthing of Henry II (1154-89), Cross-crosslets 'Tealby' coinage, 1158-80. The coin is exceedingly worn and almost illegible. Original diameter c.16-20mm. Reference: North 952 et seq.

NMS-903D64: COIN
Fragment of a copper alloy radiate, perhaps irregular, further details illegible, c.AD260-86

Copper alloy nummus of Constans, reverse GLORIA EXERCITVS 1 standard type, further details illegible, c.AD337-41

HAMP-901CF4: COIN
A Post-Medieval Commonwealth halfgroat (1649-60), Tower mint. The coin is worn and bent. Reference: North 2728

NMS-900CF4: BROOCH
Fragment of the footplate of an Early Saxon copper alloy Cruciform brooch, all edges broken, consisting of the central parts of the scrolled nostrils of an animal head and the upper part of the spatulate terminal. Extant dimensions 16.5 x 15mm. Åberg 1926, Group III or IV. c.500 - c.550.

Irregular copper alloy nummus of Constantius II, reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO Falling horseman type, diameter 11mm, further details illegible, c.AD353-64

NMS-8FFBE2: COIN
Irregular copper alloy radiate of uncertain Gallic emperor, reverse probably standing figure, diameter 12mm, further details illegible, c.AD275-86

HAMP-8FED71: COIN
A Post-Medieval sixpence of James I (1603-25), Tower mint, second coinage, 1604-9 (probably 1605). The coin is very worn and has been bent. The portrait is more worn than the rest of the coin. Reference: North 2102, 2103

WAW-8FE815: COIN
Medieval coin: cut halfpenny of Henry IIi (1216-1272), minted in probably Canterbury between 1250 and c. 1278.

NMS-8FDCC3: COIN
Copper alloy radiate or nummus, perhaps irregular, utterly illegible, c.AD260-378

WAW-8FC620: COIN
Medieval coin: cut halfpenny of Henry II, Richard I, John or Henry III minted in an unknown mint between 1154 and 1272.

SWYOR-8FC567: BROOCH
An incomplete Roman copper alloy zoomorphic brooch in the form of a duck dating from the late 2nd to early 3rd Century. The brooch is missing the hinge and pin. The brooch is shaped like a duck or other swimming water bird with a rounded front and tear-drop shaped body that tapers towards the tail end. The neck is short and stocky, curving downwards; the head is small and is decorated with two eyes, the bill short. The back of the duck is decorated with curved recesses indicating feathers. These would originally have been enamelled, but no enamel survives except for minute traces of opaque red enamel near the neck. The underside of the brooch is hollow. There is brown corrosion around the stub of the catch plate which has spread to coat part of the underside. The hinge lug and pin do not survive. The brooch has a medium-light green patina and the corrosion underneath has an orange colour. For a similar duck brooch, please also see SWYOR-4C36F5. For reference see Hattatt (2000: 360; figure 219).

LON-8FC268: WHISTLE
A post medieval lead alloy incomplete boatswain's (bosun) whistle, dating to the 17th century. The gun and keel of the whistle remain, the gun being cylindrical and tapering towards the buoy. The gun is decorated with a moulded linear pattern spiralling from the buoy, which is no longer present, to the terminus of the keel. A double moulded band separates this section from the rest of the whistle. There rest of the gun is decorated in a moulded ring and dot motif ending in a linear moulded band at the mouthpiece. The keel consists of a scrolling foliate design with a cornucopia projection at the joint and a series of pellets running along a scrolling design at the opposite end. The mouthpiece end has been crushed. No exact parallels have been found but similar examples are recorded on the PAS database: HAMP-D7F787 and LEIC-C4CAA2. Dimensions: length: 41.96 mm; width: 17.32 mm; thickness: 2.92 mm; weight: 4.26g.

NMS-8FC076: COIN
Copper alloy nummus of Constantine II, Trier, reverse VIRTVS[...], Virtus standing, mintmark TRP, further details illegible, AD337-41

HAMP-8FB974: COIN
A Post-Medieval sixpence of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), Tower mint and probably portcullis initial mark (1566, second coinage). The coin is very worn and has been bent, with damage to the edges of the flan. The portrait is more worn than the rest of the coin. Reference: North 1997

NMS-8FB227: COIN
Copper alloy nummus, House of Constantine, reverse Virtus standing, further details illegible, AD337-41

WAW-8FA4F5: HARNESS PENDANT
Medieval (12th and 14th centuries) harness pendant: the copper alloy pendant is in the form of an elongated bell in the form of a droplet. At the tip of the pendant there is an integral extension which terminates with an integral perforated lug. The body of the pendant is a drop shape in plan, and it is oval in section due to being slightly squashed. There is a vertical seam on the reverse of the pendant where the sheet metal has been shaped to form the hollow drop. The lower edge of the pendant is four corners which have been folded towards each other to form the base. In length, from the upper terminal of the lug to the lower face of the pendant, it measures 31.23mm, and is 12.72mm wide across the widest portion of the pendant. It weighs 2.9g. It is a Medieval harness pendant, which were popular between the 12th and 14th centuries.

NMS-8FA0D0: COIN
Copper alloy sestertius of uncertain late Antonine emperor, probably Marcus Aurelius, Rome, squareish shape, further details illegible, AD161-92

SWYOR-8F9E42: VESSEL
A fragment from a copper alloy vessel leg of Medieval to early Post Medieval date, about 1200 - 1600. Only the foot of the leg survives. The leg is a rounded rectangle in section, but with a pronounced central vertical rib, and has a thickened and rounded foot. An interesting feature is a possible repair; a cavity in the side of the leg has been filled with metal of a different alloy; lead alloy or gunmetal having a dark grey colour. The rest of the leg has a patchy grey green patina. The break is patinated.

WILT-8F9D83: STRAP FITTING
A cast copper alloy strap fitting. The strap fitting is an elaborate quatrefoil. On the reverse is one pointed lug and the base of a second lug which is lost. The fitting measures 13.92 mm in length, 13.79mm wide and weighs 1.44 grams.

LON-8F7522: KNIFE
A post medieval ivory knife handle dating to the 16th-17th century. The handle has a sub-rectangular cross-section at the end that tapers towards the blade; the end of the handle has a decoratively carved terminal in the shape of a bird's head with linear engraved decoration, to depict wings, extending down the handle. There is a circular cell, probably for in-laid glass that is now missing, beneath the beak of the bird's head, at the top of the handle edge. Towards the blade end of the handle is an engraved Tudor rose with a copper alloy rivet in the centre. The handle has split in half from almost one edge to the other rather than down the middle. The whittle tanged blade is missing. Based on the style of the rose, this object likely dates to the 16th-17th century, Similar style roses can be seen on examples from the PAS database: LON-2F42F2 and LON-B3B120. The example from Greenwich also has a recess for a stone inlay. Dimensions: length: 63.22 mm; width: 11.90 mm; thickness: 5.17 mm; weight: 3.07g.

SWYOR-8F5D35: BELL
A complete Post Medieval cast copper alloy spherical animal 'crotal' bell dating from about 1600-1800. The sub-rectangular suspension loop at the top is about 7.8mm long, 12.9mm wide, 4.6mm thick and has an inverted 'U'-shaped aperture. The upper and lower hemispheres are divided by a prominent horizontal circumferential joining rib. At either side of the suspension loop, about half way down the side of the upper hemisphere, is a sub-circular sound hole (one is damaged). Two sound holes in the lower hemisphere are integral with a sound 'slit'. The surface of the bell is too worn and scratched to determine the original decoration nor any possible maker's mark. A mass of ferrous corrosion inside the bell is all that remains of the spheroid iron 'sound-pea'. The outer surface of the bell has a grey patina and small areas of corrosion and missing patina. Compare IOW-FC2BA7 and many others on the database.

SWYOR-8F3C64: WEIGHT
A lead alloy possible conical weight of uncertain date, probably Medieval or Post Medieval. It has a circular base and is a rough cone shape. There is a sub-circular hole in the base, projecting for 4.2mm. At just over 1oz in mass, this weigh when clean and new may have been intended as a 1oz weight.

SWYOR-8F3575: COIN
A medieval silver coin: a penny of Edward I (1272-1307), class 10cf2 (1301-1310), minted in London. The edge is damaged between 5 o'clock and 6 o'clock and between 10 o'clock and 12 o'clock on the obverse. For reference, see North Volume 2, number 1041.

WILT-8F25D4: WEIGHT
A cast solid copper alloy Byzantine three ounce weight of Roman date. The object is spherical with a flattened top and bottom. The sides of the sphere appear to have been hammered. On one of these flat ends, is an decoated on the top face with a gamma and an I widely spaced. The gamma and the I are inlaid with a white material, part of which is lost. The diameter is 25.11mm. The object weighs 73.82 grams. A similar example can be seen in Bendall 1996 p. 25.

HAMP-8F23B1: COIN
A Medieval cut halfpenny of Henry III (1216-72), voided long cross coinage, Class 3, minted at London by Nicole (1248-50). The coin has some wear and corrosion. Reference: Probably North 988

SWYOR-8EFFF2: BROOCH
A fragment of an Early Medieval (probably florid) cruciform brooch dating from AD 475 - 570. Only a fragment of the foot of the brooch survives; the flat area below the bow. It is decorated with two transverse bands in strong relief above double raised arches, probably the eyebrows of the horse head found on the foot of cruciform brooches. On the reverse projects a flange of metal; the remains of the catchplate. Unusually, and casting some doubt on the identification, the catchplate is not parallel with the sides of the brooch. The edges are all damaged and worn, making the original shape hard to define. The metal has a black colour on the front, perhaps the result of burning, and is a purple red colour where damaged. The reverse has a light green patina. The main plate of the brooch is 2.6mm thick. Toby Martin (cruciform brooch specialist) has commented that "it's probably from the "florid" series, most likely of a form that is pretty typical of Lincolnshire".

SUSS-8EB3F4: FINGER RING
A cast copper-alloy finger ring, probably made from part of a late Roman flat-section bracelet. The ring is 'C' shaped in plan, with two rectangular terminals, each having a recessed dot in the centre and separated from the hoop by a pair of transverse grooves. The band of the ring is decorated with a string of recessed dots extending down the centre of the outer surface, flanked on either side with ring-and-dot designs. The surface of the ring is very corroded, making the detail difficult to identify. The inside of the band is undecorated. The entire ring has a rectangular cross-section and measures 25.4 mm diameter (current condition), 3 mm thick and weighs 6.7 grams.

SWYOR-8E9C36: SEAL MATRIX
A copper alloy Medieval seal matrix probably dating from about 1300 - 1400. The circular matrix has a fluted conical handle on the reverse, terminating in worn rounded perforated knop. The design is of a lion rampant inside a border formed of two intertwined squares creating an eight pointed star. There is a letter in each external angle forming the legend: "S' SECRETI" meaning 'secret seal'. Compare other matrices with this legend but different designs such as NMS-DFA0E5, ESS-A3AA61 and SF-6BD251 which notes that: "This is an anonymous seal matrix of Medieval date. Harvey and McGuinness (1996: pp. 88-89) note that after c.1300 seal matrices became more elaborate with the legends often relating to its usage or role rather than having a personal meaning or association. The current example is of similar form and function and as such probably dates to the 14th century AD." The matrix is corroded and has little surviving patina, being a pink brown colour.

HAMP-8E8627: BUCKLE
A Medieval (1250-1450) copper alloy possible single-loop (or D-shaped) buckle frame missing its pin, or a pendent loop. The bar is narrowed and offset, the outside edge is plain and angled. Measures 14.0x12.1mm (internal 9.3x8.9mm) and weighs 0.9g.

SWYOR-8E6C94: COIN
A medieval silver coin: a cut quarter penny of Henry III (1216-1272), class 3c (1248-1250), minted by Nicole. The mint is unknown. For reference, see North Volume 1, number 988.

NMS-8E6256: COIN
A silver long cross penny of Edward II. Bury mint. Class 11(b). North 1061. Circa 1310-1314 AD.

SWYOR-8E5597: MOUNT
A copper alloy Medieval mount, probably from a box or casket. It is made from a piece of thick wire, about 2.5mm in diameter. The ends have been hammered flat and decorated with a chevron then two transverse bands, then a small domed area round a rivet hole. Both ends are the same. The holes have been punched from the front of the mount leaving displaced metal on the reverse. The flange of thin metal beyond the rivet hole is rounded and seems to be complete at one end, but is square and is probably a break at the other end. The centre of the mount is still circular in section and the wire is wavy; it could possibly have been bent and then straightened. The metal has a dark brown colour with patches of dark green patina. The mount it slightly twisted, so the two ends do not both lay flat. It is similar in size to a casket mount in The Medieval Household (number 146 on page 71).

HAMP-8E40E4: BUCKLE
An incomplete Late Medieval/ Post-Medieval (1350-1600) copper-alloy double-oval buckle frame missing its pin. It measures 22.6x18.5x2.6mm and weighs 2.4g. The frame is formed of two conjoined ovals such that the sides incurve, the lower surface is flat. The pin bar is triangular in cross-section with traces of iron corrosion. Examples of this type of buckle frame from London (Egan and Pritchard 1991 nos.331 to 342) date from the second half of the fourteenth to the second half of the fifteenth century, but as the form persists a later date cannot be ruled out.

WILT-8E2E71: WEIGHT
A Roman steelyard lead weight with a corroded iron loop at both ends. The weight is complete, the iron loops are visible but broken, at both ends of the weight. The weight is broadly circular in plan and lozengeform in cross section. The steelyard weight is 40.56mm in height, 30.14mm in diameter and weighs 112.38 grams.

NMS-8E2201: COIN
Copper alloy sestertius of Antoninus Pius, Rome, reverse [...], Salus standing left, further details illegible, AD138-61

SWYOR-8E1A10: COIN
A medieval silver coin: a cut farthing of Henry III (1216-1272), class 3c to 4b (1248-1250), minted by Nicole. The mint is unknown. For reference, see North Volume 1, number 988 - 990.

SUSS-8E1745: UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT
A fragment of a decorated sheet of silver from an unidentified object, possibly a thimble or decorative item. The fragment has been flattened and damaged and it seems likely that the object was not flat originally. One side is completely undecorated, whereas the other is covered in an inscribed vegetal motif common to the Georgian (or slightly earlier) period. It is probable that this fragment dates from the late 17th to late 18th centuries AD.

WILT-8E0786: WEIGHT
A Roman steelyard lead weight with a corroded iron loop at both end. The weight is complete, the iron loop is visible at both ends of the weight. The weight is broadly circular in plan and lozengeform in cross section. The steelyard weight is 54.89mm in height, 44.72mm in diameter and weighs 271.76 grams.

WAW-8DFB53: UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT
Possible Roman (1st to 4th century) unidentified object: The copper alloy object has a circular sectioned rod which tapers slightly and terminates with a bulbous knop at the most narrow end. The opposite end is a broken edge, and the break is not recent as the patina covers the break. The object has an incomplete well developed light green patina. It measures 60.31mm long, 9.02mm wide, 7.33mm thick across the knop and weighs 11.9g. The function of the object is not known, but the condition of the patina may suggest a Roman date, 1st to 4th century.

SUSS-8DFA66: SPOON
Description: A silver stem (?) of a spoon (?) or another utensil, probably dating from the late 15th-17th century AD. The stem has a six-faceted conical terminal followed by a small circular collar underneath. It is sub-lozenge shaped in cross-section and the attachment point for the spoon bowl is triangular in plan. The stem is bent at a 45-degree angle. Dimensions:Length: 76.5 mm; Diameter: 5.8 mm; Weight: 4.1 g Discussion: Similar items can be found on the PAS database: SUSS-59A0D1 (2006 T123), NCL-552282 (2010 T126) and YORYM-AD3F52 (2010 T61).

NMS-8DF9E3: COIN
Silver threepence of Elizabeth I, Tower, worn almost smooth, North 1998, 1561-82

NMS-8DEF14: HORSESHOE
Medieval to post-medieval iron horseshoe with three nail holes on both branches, remains of three nails, one right-angle calkin and one feathered, thickened heel. Width 110mm. Length 125mm. Clark 1995, Type 4. c.1350 - c.1600. CRP 28/7

WAW-8DEA50: STRAP FITTING
Post Medieval (mid 16th to 17th centuries) strap mount: The copper alloy strap mount is a sub drop in plan with a waisted neck and a small integral knop at the lower and upper edge. The upper surface is decorated with moulded scrolls with pellets. The reverse is undecorated and has two integral studs which are circular in section and taper to a point. Both studs are bent over. The surface of the mount has traces of red copper corrosion otherwise it has a matte grey coloured surface. It measures 29.09mm long, 14.13mm wide and 7.66mm thick, weighing 3.5g. Strap fittings have been in use from the late Medieval to Post Medieval period. Egan (2005; p. 39) comments that when they were used as dress accessories and continued on horse harness straps into the 18th century. The style of decoration is similar to that on dress hooks of the 17th century (Margeson, 1993: Nos. 71 to 75). Egan, G. 2005 Material Culture in London in an Age of Transition MoLAS Monograph 19 p. 39 Margeson, S. 1993 Norwich Households; Medieval and Post Medieval Finds from Norwich Survey Excavations 1971-78. East Anglian Archaeology Report No. 5

WAW-8DC613: BROOCH
Roman (AD c. 69-96) T-shaped brooch: The cylindrical crossbar is formed by being curled around the iron axis bar forming a horizontal seam on the reverse of the crossbar. The crossbar has a central slot on the reverse to allow the pin to be hinged which is now missing. The outer face of the wings is decorated with double-stranded transverse grooves in the centre of each wing and at the terminal. The bow protrudes from the centre of the cross bar and is slightly hump-like and is oval in section. The bow and bow head are decorated with vertical four grooves which quickly faded. The bow tapers to a blunt point. The reverse of the bow has a catchplate with openwork on the lower portion. The brooch surface is slightly abraded and has a well developed dark brooch shiny patina. It measures 83.54mm long, 43.73mm wide and it weighs 29.8g. The brooch is an initial T-shaped brooch, which are described as being usually hinged, not enamelled, with no head stud and having fine decoration and date to the Flavian period, AD 69-96 (Bayley and Butcher, 2004: p. 159). Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries.

SUSS-8DBBB1: COIN
An incomplete, broken and worn Medieval silver cross voided and mullets penny of Stephen, dating to c. AD 1145-c. 1150. Moneyer and Mint uncertain. Approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of the coin is missing due to old breaks. Cf. North 1994 Vol I, p. 203, no. 878; also BMC ii; M. 77-99.

WAW-8DBB12: BROOCH
Roman (AD 80 to 120) brooch of Colchester derivative Polden Hill (flat wing ends type, West Midlands). An incomplete cast copper alloy brooch whose wings are semi-cylindrical and terminate with a perforated wing cap, both of which are incomplete. The axis bar, spring and pin are all missing. The wings are undecorated. The bow head is hump-like in profile, on both sides a moulding is present at the junction between the bow and the wings and has a trace of a hook where the chord would be supported. The bow head is undecorated. The bow is semi-circular in section. The bow gradually tapers to a broken edge which is not recent. The surface of the brooch has a light grey/green coloured patina. It measures 21.92mm long, 19.52mm wide across the wings and weighs 6.3g. The brooch is a Polden Hill type. Bayley and Butcher (2004: p. 160) comment that the distribution of Polden Hill brooches are concentrated in the West Midlands and suggests they date to AD 80 to 120. Bayley and Butcher, 2004 Roman Brooches in Britain: A technological and Typological Study Based on the Richborough Collection Society of Antiquaries.

WILT-8DA6E1: BUCKLE
A cast copper alloy spur buckle with integral plate. The frame is rectangular and the pin is present. The plate is D shaped in profile and narrows to a blunted point. There is a single integral rivet. The plate is crudely engraved with a V. Buckles of this type date to the 13th or 14th century.

SUSS-8D7E43: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman nummus of Licinius, dating to AD 313-314 (Reece Period 15). GENIO-POP ROM reverse type depicting Genius with modius standing left, loins draped with himation, patera in right hand, cornucopiae in left. Mint of London. RIC VII, p. 97, no. 3.

LON-8D5F30: GAMING PIECE
A Roman bone gaming piece dating AD43-410. This gaming piece,counter or token is circular with slightly bevelled edges. It is mid-dark brown and undecorated. The upper surface is slightly countersunk, with a circular indentation in the middle, which is the result of it being made on a lathe. This type of gaming piece is found throughout the Roman period. Parallels can be found in Crummy (1995: nos. 2238-2256) with further parallels on the PAS database: ESS-EA9881 and ESS-EA8AC5 Dimensions: diameter: 20.57 mm; thickness: 3.19 mm; weight: 1.66g. Reference: Crummy, N. 1995. The Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester 1971-1979. Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd, Colchester.

SUSS-8D4A11: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman possible contemporary copy of a radiate of Tetricus I, dated to AD 271-274 (Reece period 13). The obverse seems to be of Tetricus I and the reverse type is of Tetricus II. SPES AVGG reverse type depicting Spes walking left, holding flower in right hand and raising skirt with left hand, with only one leg visible through her skirt (cf. Cunetio p. 79, Spes Type 1b). Mint unknown. Listed as an imitation of Tetricus I: cf. Cunetio p. 163, no. 3007.

NMS-8D3587: COIN
A silver halfgroat of Elizabeth I. London mint. Initial mark A. North 2016. Circa 1583-1585 AD

LON-8D25E0: COIN
A post medieval silver sixpence of Elizabeth I (AD1558-1603) dated AD1571 bent, probably to form a love token. This coin is bent with a central ridge and then the edges also folded up forming an obtuse W-shape rather than the more traditional S-shape. It appears that this example has been bent to give it an S-shaped profile. This is indicative of the formation of love tokens, which were often made from a silver denomination as it was popular to turn coins (usually sixpences) into 'love tokens' as a keepsake. The coins were deliberately bent in a superstitious, religious, or devotional ritual. The devotional practice is believed to have gained popularity in post-reformation Elizabethan England and continued in to the 19th century. The ritual bending would have been performed when the coin was worn almost smooth Parallels for this coin can be found in North (1975, no. 1997) and Seaby (1973, 1929).There are several examples of love tokens on the PAS database: HAMP-8C60E4, BH-D4B9F2 and SWYOR-53E3E5 Dimensions: diameter: 24.28 mm; weight: 2.13g. References: North, J. J. 1975. English Hammered Coinage, Volume 2. Edward I to Charles II, 1272-1662. Spink: London Seaby, P. Coins of England and the United Kingdom. London: B. A. Seaby Ltd.

SUSS-8CDC16: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman radiate dating to the third century AD, c. AD 260-296. Reverse type uncertain, probably CONSECRATIO depicting an altar. Mint unknown.

NMS-8CDA30: COIN
A worn silver halfgroat of Charles I. London mint. Further details illegible. AD 1625-1649

SWYOR-8CC104: COIN
A silver Medieval coin; a half groat of Edward III (1327 - 1377), Pre-Treaty period (1351 - 1361), Series G (1356 - 1361), type a. London mint. See North number 1201. The coin is slightly crumpled.

NMS-8CB852: JETTON
A copper alloy Sterling bust type English Jetton. Obverse; facing crowned bust with border of dashes and rosettes. Reverse; long cross fleuretty containing alternating suns and crescents in angles. Border of dashes and rosettes. Circa 1280-1310.

YORYM-8C9A64: COIN
A copper alloy nummus of the House of Valentinian dating to the period AD 364 - 378 (Reece Period 19). GLORIA ROMANORVM reverse type depicting Emperor dragging captive right. Mint uncertain.

YORYM-8C92E1: COIN
A copper alloy radiate or nummus of an uncertain emperor dating to the period AD 260 - 402. Uncertain reverse type. Mint uncertain.

YORYM-8C8CE0: COIN
A copper alloy radiate or nummus of an uncertain emperor dating to the period AD 260 - 402. Uncertain reverse type. Mint uncertain.

YORYM-8C8756: COIN
A copper alloy radiate or nummus of an uncertain emperor dating to the period AD 260 - 402. Uncertain reverse type. Mint uncertain.

SWYOR-8C7D77: COIN
A silver Roman coin; a radiate of Gordian III (238 - 244), dating from AD 241 - 242 (Reece Period 12). P M TR P IIII COS II P P reverse showing Apollo seated left holding laurel branch and resting left arm on a lyre. Mint of Rome. See Sear Volume III number 8647 which cites RIC 139.

YORYM-8C7D57: COIN

YORYM-8C6EF5: COIN
A copper alloy radiate of an uncertain emperor dating to the period AD 260 - 296 (Reece Period 13-14). Uncertain reverse type depicting figure advancing left. Mint uncertain.

SWYOR-8C6155: COIN
A medieval silver coin: a cut half penny of Henry III (1216-1272), probably class 3a (1248-1250), London mint. For reference, see North, number 986.

YORYM-8C5B28: COIN
A debased silver denarius probably of Faustina I dating to the period AD 138 - AD 161 (Reece Period 7). Uncertain reverse type. Uncertain mint.

WILT-8C47E4: COIN
A Medieval silver penny of Henry VII dating between 1485-1500. Mint of York. North 1728.

WAW-8C4263: COIN
Post Medieval coin: penny of Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603) minted in London between 1596 and 1598. Third Issue: North No. 2018.

YORYM-8C41F7: COIN
A silver halfpenny of Richard II dating to the period AD 1377 - 1399. Long cross reverse. Mint of London. Withers Type 3.

SWYOR-8C1027: SPEARHEAD
An incomplete cast copper-alloy side-looped spearhead of Middle Bronze Age date, about 1550 BC - 1250 BC; Davis Groups 2-6, probably Group 6. Only the butt end and the two side loops survive intact; the remainder of the object is now missing due to old breaks. It is cylindrical in form, tapering towards the now missing blade end. On each side is an integrally cast loop that are pointed oval in form and flattened against the side of the spear perhaps as a result of post-depositional damage. The loops are 16.5mm long, 6.5mm wide and project 3.5mm from the wall of the socket. The entire object has a worn dark brown patina with patches of turquoise corrosion. The internal diameter of the socket at the the complete attachment end is 16mm. The walls are 2.2mm -2.6mm thick.

NMS-8BD3E8: STRAP END
Incomplete Middle Saxon to Late Saxon copper alloy strap end of Thomas' (2003) Class A , type 5, the split attachment-end broken across the single rivet-hole. Below the break on the face the greater part of the width is occupied by a large damaged cell, inlaid with niello and silver wire. Worn animal-head terminal with the remains of the moulded ears, and concave-sided snout. Surviving length 29mm. Width 7mm. 2mm thick. Weight 1.64g. 9th century.

YORYM-8BBDB6: BROOCH
An incomplete copper alloy bow and fantail brooch of Roman date. The head of the brooch is formed of rectangular wings from the reverse of which to long lungs project housing an axis bar around which the pin would have been hinged. The pin no longer remains. The front surface of the wings is decorated with three incised vertical lines creating a stepped effect at each tip and a rectangular panel from which an attachment loop would have projected is present at the centre of the top edge. From the head the D-sectioned upper bow extends into a large circular panel with two concentric circular recesses, each of which bears traces of a red enamel fill. At the centre of the panel is a separate raised octofoil boss which is fitted to the brooch proper by means of a split-spike shank. The spiked projections can be seen on the reverse of the plate. A triangular lower bow extends from the bottom edge of the circular panel and has a recessed centre again with red enamel remaining. From the reverse of the lower bow the catchplate projects in tact. The metal is a mid brownish-green colour and is worn. The brooch is 48.4mm long, 19.2mm wide, 5.6mm thick and weighs 7.9g. Similar examples can be seen in Hattatt, p.315, fig.174 and date from the mid 1st-2nd century AD.

NMS-8BB962: COIN
Silver farthing of Edward I, class 6-7, Withers type 16, London, 1292-6

LON-8BAFE7: SCABBARD
An incomplete Roman bone scabbard chape dating to the late 2nd-3rd century AD. The chape is rectangular with a rectangular opening at one end, tapering to a wedge at the other end. The rim of the open end is decorated with a series of undulating projections running around the rim. There is a linear engraving running down the opposing edges on both rectangular faces. There is also a double-parallel linear engraving running up the centre of the external face to form a central rib. There are two pelta shaped holes on either face which would have acted as rivet holes to attach the chape to the scabbard. There has been some damage to the left edge of the outer face, obscuring part of the decoration. Similarly there has been damage to the one of left pelta shaped hole on the reverse, though the decoration is still visible. Similar examples can be found in MacGregor (1985, 164, fig 86 a-d) though these are composite chapes, formed of two parts. This example has been carved from a single piece of bone so is of different construction. MacGregor states that these types of chape were commissioned in the late 2nd-3rd century AD for Roman Auxiliary (MacGregor, 1985, 163). All but one of the examples in MacGregor come from Germany, with the single British find coming from Silchester (MacGregor, 1985, 164). Dimensions: length: 74.23 mm; width: 33.73 mm; thickness: 17.21 mm; weight: 29.03g. Reference: MacGregor, A. 1985. Bone, Antler, Ivory and Horn. The Technology of Skeletal Materials since the Roman Period. Croom Helm, London and Sydney.

SOM-8B9056: SPOON
Fragment of a cast lead alloy (pewter) spoon handle, probably from a late Medieval - Post Medieval spoon. The fragment is the lower part of the handle and includes the attachment to the bowl although the bowl and rest of the handle is missing. It is D shaped in section, oval with a flattened back. It widens to the attachment with the bowl and is plain at the back, flattening down to the bowl on the front. There are no visible maker's marks. It is now 50.1mm long, 5.9mm by 5.9mm at the upper end and 9.3mm by 6.8mm at the bowl end, it weighs 12.90 grams. The handle terminal and bowl are normally the diagnostic features on such spoons but the handle shape and lack of a rat-tail where the handle joins the bowl may suggest a later Medieval to Post Medieval date, c.AD 1350-1675.

SUSS-8B8BA0: COIN
A copper-alloy Roman dupondius or as of uncertain date, probably c. AD 1-250. It is possible to see traces of a bust facing right. All other detail is illegible due to extreme surface wear.

NMS-8B8393: MOUNT
Late Saxon copper alloy mount, possibly from furniture, purplish metal, flat-sectioned bar tapering from opposed concave notches in centre to opposed concave notches with projecting sides forming part of a perforated trefoil terminal at both ends, both perforations contain a fragment of copper alloy rivet. Face decorated with engraved bordering lines inlaid with niello. Length 79mm. Width 12mm. 4mm thick. Weighs 15.44g. Cf. Crummy 1988, 18, fig.20, no.1791 and similar (fragmentary) Norfolk examples, from Horningtoft (HER 42698, NMS-612A52), Oxborough (HER 1021, NMS-C7FD43) and Wreningham (HER 28868, NMS-FBD4F2). 11th century.

YORYM-8B80E4: BROOCH
A complete copper alloy headstud brooch of Roman date. The head of the brooch is comprised of wide tubular wings each decorated with two parallel narrow vertical panels, the inner most of which has a rope-work design. An axis bar is present through the wings which terminate in worn breaks to either end and around which a circular sectioned pin is hinged. The pin is slightly bent but appears in tact. A rectangular sectioned bow extends centrally from the front of the wings and tapers steadily in width to a quadruple banded circular foot knop with flat base bearing a circular impression. A complete catchplate projects from the reverse of the lower bow to secure the pin. An integral headstud feature is present at the top of the bow, and is of the ring and dot style. The metal has a light brownish-green patina and is worn. The brooch is 46.6mm long, 26.6mm wide, 5.3mm thick and weighs 21.7g. Similar examples are illustrated in Hattatt, p.333, fig.192 and are dated to the 2nd Century AD.

NMS-8B7801: TOKEN
Copper alloy farthing token of John Hutton of Norwich, Williamson 155, 1657

WILT-8B7282: BELL
A fragment of a copper alloy bell of unknown date. The length is 28.87mm, the width is 20.27mm and the thickness is 1.89mm. It weighs 5.80 grams.

NMS-8B6D42: COIN
A silver voided long cross cut halfpenny of Henry III. Mint Newcastle, moneyer unknown. Class 3b. North 987. Circa 1248-1250.

YORYM-8B4EF0: BUCKLE
A complete copper alloy buckle of post-medieval date. The buckle is a double looped sub-oval shape rounded ends and trefoil sides with raised ridges to either end of the strap bar. The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is worn. The buckle is 41mm long, 28.7mm wide, 2.2mm thick and weighs 8.9g. A similar example is illustrated in Whitehead, p.70, no.440 and is dated to circa AD 1600 - 1720.

YORYM-8B2E65: BUCKLE
An incomplete copper alloy buckle of post-medieval date. The object is one half of a double looped buckle with moulded floral decoration on the loop. A cinquefoil moulding is present on the outer edge of the surviving loop and trefoil mouldings are present at either end of the strap bar. A D-sectioned pin remains in tact looped around the strap bar. The metal has a mid blackish-grey patina and retains traces of silvering. The buckle is 26.8mm long, 22.4mm wide, 2.9mm thick and weighs 4.2g. A similar example is illustrated in Whitehead, p.65, no.403 and is dated to circa AD 1550 - 1650.

LON-8B0AE6: INTAGLIO
A Roman nicolo intaglio dating to the 1st-2nd century AD. The stone has been cut so that it has an oval outer face with steep sloping sides. The base is also oval shaped but convex. The stone is onyx. Onyx stones with white outer surfaces were carved to create the banded navy/black to light blue seen in this example. The convex shape is consistent with earlier examples of intaglio, with the later markets being dominated by flat cut stones (Zienkiewicz, 1987, 13). The intaglio is decorated with a carved figure standing right, both arms raised and possibly holding accompanying objects. There are two possible interpretations for the representation of the figure carved into the stone. One is that of Bonus Eventus, a common image in Roman intaglio decoration (Johns, 1997, 22). A parallel for this can be found in Zienkiewicz (1987, 3). The depiction on this intaglio would be holding a bow in his left hand with prey in his right. Alternatively the image could be a depiction of Venus Anadyomene, with arms raised to her hair. A parallel for this can be found in Johns (1997, no. 186) coming from the Snettisham Hoard, which dates to the 2nd century AD. Unfortunately this intaglio has been heavily worn and it is difficult to discern the individual depicted to any further extent. Similar examples can also be found on the PAS database: Bonus Eventus - NLM-382206; Venus - SWYOR-700C82. Dimensions: length: 12.68 mm; width: 10.96 mm; thickness: 3.67 mm; weight: 0.73g. References: Johns, C. 1997. The Snettisham Roman Jeweller's Hoard. London: British Museum Press. Zienkiewicz, J. D. 1987. Roman Gems From Caerleon. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales.

SWYOR-8B07B8: COIN
A medieval silver coin: a penny of Edward III (1327 - 77), treaty series (1363 - 1369), type f, London mint. A fragment has been chipped from the rim of the flan between 8 o'clock and 10 o'clock on the obverse. The coin shows a saltire after DON on the reverse. For reference, see North, volume 2, number 1264.

SOM-8AEBB3: BRACELET
A twisted fragment consisting of approximately a quarter of a cast copper-alloy bracelet or armlet of late Roman date (c. 4th century AD). The fragment consists of the bracelet's terminal, the hook end, with abraded hook extant. The bracelet is rectangular with rounded corners in cross-section. In profile it has been twisted to one side, then round on itself such that it abuts the side of the hooked end at right angles to it. The bracelet expands in width gradually from the hook end. It is decorated unifacially using multiple motifs. What survives on this example is a raised lozenge within a recessed field just below the hook. Beyond three transverse grooves is a long field decorated by a central longitudinal grooves flanked on both sides by diagonally incised lines. This is similar to fields near the terminals on a bracelet illustrated in Crummy (1983, 46; ref. 1732). Beyond three further transverse grooves is a small square section decorated with a punched ring-and-dot motif. The old break is immediately beyond, perhaps at a point of weakness if another transverse groove followed. The whole object has suffered slightly from corrosion but generally has a red-brown colour with very little green patina surviving.

YORYM-8AEB55: BUCKLE
An incomplete copper alloy possible buckle plate of Roman date. The buckle plate is of a military type which would have been sub-rectangular in plan when complete. The plate features an openwork design consisting of two circular apertures above two rectangular apertures. Crude incised lines are present on the upper surface of the plate surrounding each of the apertures. The reverse is flat and undecorated. The metal has a mid greyish-green patina and is worn. The plate is 26.8mm long, 15.1mm wide, 1.5mm thick and weighs 1.4g. The buckle plate is similar to examples in Appels and Laycock p.229-231.

WILT-8ACE95: VESSEL
A fragment of a Medieval / Post Medieval copper alloy vessel. It measures 58.8mm in length, 33.87mm in width and is 3.81mm thick. It weighs 34.75 grams. Crudely made cast copper alloy vessels were widely used from c.1200-1800 for serving and cooking. Butler and Green (2003; 15) state 'there is evidence that (cast copper alloy) metal cooking vessels became increasingly common during the 13th and 14th centuries'. While certain specialist cast copper alloy vessels such as skillets remained in use later 'bronze cauldrons in general seem to have been superseded in the early years of the 18th century when their place was taken by cast-iron vessels which were cheaper to make and more durable to use.' (ibid: 22)

NMS-8AB913: STIRRUP
Late Saxon copper alloy stirrup-strap mount, worn and corroded, cross-shaped with worn probably anthropomorphic terminals and expanded base obliquely-angled back to form a flange. The mount is pierced by two rivet-holes, one in the centre of the cross, the other through the flange, the latter with an rivet and a fragment of iron sheet on reverse. The trapesoidal body of the mount has traces of curvilinear transverse lines between bordering lines. Length 46mm. Width 33.5mm. 3.5mm thick. Cf. Williams's (1997) Class A, Type 14. 11th century.

YORYM-8AA765: JETTON
A copper alloy jetton of Post-Medieval date. The jetton was issued by Hans Krauwinkel II, master from 1586 to his death in March 1635 and is of the rose and orb type. Obverse: HANNS. KRAVWINKEL. IN. NVR[--] around Imperial Orb within tressure of three arches. Reverse: DAS WORT GOTES BLIBT EWICK (God's Word remains eternal) around alternating crowns and lis with central rose.

NMS-8A8A05: COIN
A copper alloy nummus of Constantius II. Reverse; two soldiers holding two standards. Mint mark [...]*, Trier mint. Reece period 17. Circa 330-335 AD.

SWYOR-8A8324: INGOT
A fragment of a gold ingot of probable Early Medieval date. The fragment is sub rectangular and appears to have been part of a larger ingot, seeming to be half of a slice from an ingot of rounded rectangular section. There are facets on three edges, and the corners are rounded. The two main faces appear to be oblique cuts, but half of the face has a spongy texture and appears to have been broken rather than cut. The remaining small face is also a partial cut and partial break across rough textured metal. The fragment can be compared to 2012 T108 and 2013T276.

YORYM-8A8263: COIN
A copper alloy Northumbrian Styca of Eanred dating to the period AD 810 - 841. Moneyer uncertain.

YORYM-8A6EF4: COIN
A debased silver coin, possibly a halfgroat of an uncertain post-medieval ruler dating to the period AD 1489 - 1660. Long cross over shield reverse. Mint uncertain.

NMS-8A62D6: BOOK FITTING
Post-medieval copper alloy book clasp: worn and corroded, blunt-hook, transverse band of elaborate stamped decoration of counter-relief dots, lines and pendant triangles, and a large double ring-and-dot with remains of copper alloy rivet in central perforation at the slightly splayed attachment end. Length 50mm. Width at mid-point 14.5mm, at attachment end 16mm. 1.5mm thick. 17th century.

NMS-8A4458: HOOKED TAG
Incomplete post-medieval copper alloy sharp hooked dress fastener of hollow semi-circular cross-section tapering from a missing open end to a narrower, closed end from which springs an integral hook. An offset along the length of the long sides lies flat against a sheet back-plate, partly broken across a circular cut-out. The convex face is decorated with a pair of transverse grooves at both ends framing an engraved cross-hatched lozengiform pattern, no trace of niello. Length 30mm. Width 14mm. Thickness 9mm. Cf. Ward Perkins 1940, pl. LXXVI no.9. Read 2008 early post-medieval Class C Type 3. Early 16th century.

YORYM-8A3025: COIN
A silver farthing of an uncertain medieval ruler dating to the period AD 1279 - 1377. Long cross reverse. Mint uncertain.

NMS-8A1924: STRAP FITTING
Unusual post-medieval copper alloy sword belt hanger. Trapezoidal plate, upper edge with two small triangular notches between two large semi-circular cut-outs, vertical bordering lines of engraving in pseudo cable decoration, a large central perforation flanked by two smaller ones (rivets missing) and a large loop projects in the same plane from the base. Length 30mm. Width 31mm. 2mm thick. Nothing similar in Read 2001 and 2008. Later 16th-17th century.

WILT-8A0C34: COIN
A copper alloy radiate of Tetricus I dating to the period AD 271-274 (Reece Period 13), SALVS AVG reverse type depicting Salus feeding a snake rising from an altar. Uncertain mint.

SWYOR-89CC51: BUCKLE
A medieval copper alloy oval buckle frame (Meols type 11) dating from AD 1250 - 1450. The frame has a D-shaped cross section and an offset and recessed bar on the inside edge of the frame for the attachment of the buckle pin. The copper alloy pin tapers to a blunt point and is formed of a single strip of copper alloy bent around the inside edge of the buckle frame. The outside edge of the frame has a recess for the addition of a present copper alloy sheet roller which is formed of a single strip of copper alloy bent round the frame and has a longitudinal engraved line around the centre of the roller. The metal has a light green patina with grey patches. The buckle is corroded but in good condition. The object is similar to buckles illustrated by Egan (2007: 91) but is less rounded than the illustrated Meols type 11 and shares characteristics with types 2 and 7.

WILT-89C1C7: COIN
A silver Roman denarius of Severus Alexander dating to the period AD 222-228 (Reece period 11), AEQVITAS AVG reverse type depicting Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopia. Uncertain mint.

ESS-88B071: COIN
A copper alloy dupondius or as, possibly of Faustina II under Marcus Aurelius, dating to the period AD 161-75 (Reece period 8). Unclear standing female figure reverse. Mint unclear.