Record ID: SF-3EF036
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Suffolk
Workflow stage: Published
4 fragments of a puddingstone quern of probable Roman date. Puddingstone is distinctive conglomerate containing rounded red flint pebbles within a siliceous matrix, the main sources of which lie in Hertfordshire. Research carried out by Major (2004, 2-4) in Essex suggests that puddingstone rotary querns were produced here from at least 10 AD until around 160 AD and a similar chronology seems likely in Cambridgeshire. 1, Length: 34.14mm; width: 23.61mm; weight: 14.24g  2. Length: 56.35mm; width: 54.24mm; weight: 112.57g  3. Length: 37:00mm…
Created on: Monday 8th April 2024
Last updated: Tuesday 16th April 2024
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Combs', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: NMS-B75854
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: NEOLITHIC
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Saddle quern made from a coarse-grained quartz dolerite or diabase erratic, mid-grey with numerous lighter coloured coarse inclusions, the centre appears to have been hollowed by use to depth of c. 50 mm, the depression is sub-circular: c. 130 x 150 mm. The outside of the stone is very roughly and minimally shaped to a sub-bowl shape, one edge is especially straight and is ground almost smooth, presumably to enable the contents to be tipped out once processed. Cf. LIN-ED2837 for a broadly similar quern. Saddle querns were used to grind many plants and seeds both for culi…
Created on: Tuesday 13th February 2024
Last updated: Monday 26th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: CORN-E82001
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Cornwall
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Possible quern fragment, likely from the base. It looks to be made from a pitted greenstone. Due to its findspot context, it is likely to be Iron Age in dating, although secure dating is impossible, given its fragmentary state, but it is likely to be of prehistoric-Iron Age dates. It still has evidence of a grinding surface, and the curvature around the edge of the grinding surface (where this surface meets the edge of the stone) suggests that when intact, the entire object was circular in shape. Using this curvature to estimate the overall diameter of the grinding surface, it wo…
Created on: Monday 22nd January 2024
Last updated: Wednesday 27th March 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-F0EDD7
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: UNKNOWN
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of stone, possibly a fragment of a quern, of Roman to medieval date, (c.43 AD - 1500 AD). Description: The fragment is broadly triangular in plan and rectangular in cross-section. The longer, curved edge of the triangle shape suggests the outer edge of a quern stone, though this edge is very rough. The other edges are broken. One face is worked. On the worked face, there is a dished indentation whose curved edge is parallel to the line of the curved outer edge. This indentation is probably part of the central hollow of the lower stone of a quern. There is no …
Created on: Tuesday 5th December 2023
Last updated: Friday 26th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NLM-353814
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: North Lincolnshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Sandstone quern fragment. A sub-triangular chunk of fine grained red-buff Sandstone, possibly reused as a sharpening stone. The overall form includes a short [40mm] extent of a curved edge, and an aris where two flat surfaces meet at an acute angle opposite the curved side; the intervening surface is flat and probably lightly dished by wear, the fourth large side is broken. These characteristics could point to this being a fragment of a rotary quern of estimated original diameter 260mm. The Romano-British period also saw the use of a wide range of sharpening and polishing stones, which…
Created on: Monday 21st August 2023
Last updated: Monday 21st August 2023
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Epworth', grid reference and parish protected.

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Record ID: NMS-E0C525
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Incomplete Roman Millstone Grit rotary quernstone, an upper stone with much recent damage on all surfaces. Loss of the original surface is particularly noticeable around the edge and in the hopper (the concave area around the hole on the upper face). Diameter 330mm, height / thickness 70 - 90mm, weight 9.8kg. Central hole diameter 30 - 40mm. Handle hole diameter c.20mm, depth at least 50mm. A Roman date is reasonably certain. Post-Roman quernstones in any material apart from Rhenish lava have not been recorded in Norfolk (e.g. Clarke and Carter 1977, 444; …
Created on: Thursday 17th August 2023
Last updated: Thursday 17th August 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: PUBLIC-C75227
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: UNKNOWN
County: Nottinghamshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Fragment of a limestone circular object, possible from a rotary quern stone or weight of uncertain date. The object is greyish-lime with buff fleck and contains a fossil. The stone has some incised lines nearby the circular off-centre aperture (diameter 8.83 mm) possibly for turning. Equally, the object may have been used as a weight e.g fishing net weight. The outer edge diameter is 73.01 mm, thickness is 11.44 mm, and the weight 80.74g.  
Created on: Friday 16th June 2023
Last updated: Tuesday 22nd August 2023
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Near Rolleston', grid reference and parish protected.

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Record ID: NMS-C2C3CC
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: UNKNOWN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Fragment of lava quern of unknown date, with apparently no original edge present. One face is rough and the other worn smooth with the tooled grooves scarcely visible. Thickness 35 – 40mm, weight 744g. Roman or Middle Saxon to medieval. Find spot falls with Square B5 of gridded survey of Hill Field conducted in 1990 and 2004-5, see file in HER.
Created on: Sunday 16th April 2023
Last updated: Sunday 16th April 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: YORYM-CB9008
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: East Riding of Yorkshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete rotary quernstone of probable Roman date, c.AD 43 - 410. Beehive or disc type. The quernstone is circular with a deep hopper, non-directional harping on the grinding surface, and at least two mouldings on the upper side from where it may have been clamped/had a handle attached. A central perforation, or eye, is present from top to bottom of the quernstone. A second a circular perforation, a handle slot, is also present to one side. The quernstone is approximately 350mm in diameter, and 92mm thick. The eyes 34mm in diameter and the handle slot is 12mm in diameter. The gene…
Created on: Monday 27th February 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 1st March 2023
Spatial data recorded.

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Record ID: NMS-631B2D
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
B3 Fragment of upper stone of a Roman Rhineland lava quern with a recess or reduction of thickness on the upper face c.45mm from the edge (cf. Rogerson 1977, fig. 64 nos.1-3), weight 652g, diameter 420mm, thickness at edge 63mm. Mid 1st - 4th century.
Created on: Wednesday 22nd February 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 22nd February 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-28E1AB
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: NEOLITHIC
County: Shropshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete probable quern stone dating to the Neolithic or Bronze Age period (c..4000 BC - 800 BC). The object is sub-square in plan and irregular in profile with a pronounced concave upper face used as the grinding surface. The quern is formed from a fine-grained sandstone.  For a comparable example see PAS record CAM-70FB96. Overall dimensions: 190mm in length, 170mm in width and 150mm in thickness. 
Created on: Tuesday 7th February 2023
Last updated: Thursday 9th March 2023
Spatial data recorded.

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Record ID: NMS-2443FD
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Roman Millstone Grit quern fragment without extant edge but with part of central perforation (diameter c.80mm), weight 415g, mid 1st - 4th century. Possibly Roman sandstone fragment, ?quern or sharpening stone?, not rotary, one smoothed concave face, thickness c.42mm, weight 612g
Created on: Tuesday 7th February 2023
Last updated: Thursday 17th August 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BH-6EE12B
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of pudding stone, probably from a Roman quern. The fragment is an irregular trapezoidal shape and broadly triangular in cross-section with rounded corners and edges. One surface is curved and although missing a corner constitutes the outer face, while one of the adjacent surfaces is flat and is evidently the grinding surface. The remaining face is broken unevenly and was part of the body of the quern. The stone is comprised of a collection of reddish-brown coloured pebbles held together by a natural white-coloured cement consisting of silica and sand. The fragment measures …
Created on: Thursday 5th January 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 11th January 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NLM-118667
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: North Lincolnshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Lava quern fragment. A wedge-shaped fragment from a quern stone, rounded by abrasion. One flat face is smoother than the other – though not by much – marking the working side of the stone. The rounded form at the broader end of the fragment may suggest a biconical or hourglass feed hole set centrally to the pair of stones whence this fragment derives. Lava from Eifel in Western Germany was exploited to make quern stones from the Roman period, and these were also the subject of trade between Carolingian Europe and England in the early 9th century. Suggested date: Roman, 43-4…
Created on: Tuesday 1st November 2022
Last updated: Tuesday 1st November 2022
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Winterton', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: OXON-0F374D
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of one section of a cylindrical rotary quernstone/millstone of Roman or later date. It is a small section, trapezoidal in shape, of a much larger flat, disc-shaped quernstone.  The upper face is rough and slightly convex. Traces of a central circular hole on the millstone remains on one side of the fragment. The outer surface is a dull brown colour but its core is an orange red with occasional white stone inclusions. The querstone is 175mm long, 140mm wide and 70mm thick. This example was too heavy to weigh on the scale available.  Unmalted g…
Created on: Tuesday 1st November 2022
Last updated: Wednesday 7th June 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: OXON-D65539
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Buckinghamshire
Workflow stage: Published
A fragment of puddingstone probably representing a fragment of an Iron Age or early Roman puddingstone quern.  Only a small chunk, bearing breaks on all faces, survives. Puddingstone is distinctive conglomerate containing rounded red flint pebbles within a siliceous matrix, the main sources of which lie in Hertfordshire. Research carried out by Major in Essex suggests that puddingstone rotary querns were produced here from at least 10 AD until around 160 AD and a similar chronology seems likely in Cambridgeshire (2004, 2-4). The fragment is 63.8mm long, 4…
Created on: Thursday 30th June 2022
Last updated: Wednesday 13th September 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BH-3244BB
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Hertfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of rotary hand mill or quern, probably of Late Iron Age to Early Roman date. The fragment is just under half of the upper stone. It is sub-D shape in cross-section with uneven surfaces, rounded edges and corners, and is very worn. The underside is flat with a pitted surface and widespread scratching. The breaks each side are uneven and have the same wear as the other surfaces. The object measures 223mm in external diameter, 60mm maximum thickness and weighs 1882 grams. Ruth Shaffrey kindly states that: “The wide hopper is suggestive of LIA/early Roman but i…
Created on: Wednesday 22nd June 2022
Last updated: Friday 22nd July 2022
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SF-7672FA
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Suffolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of one section of a cylindrical rotary quernstone/millstone of Roman or later date. It is a small section, trapezoidal in shape, of a much larger flat, disc-shaped quernstone, although it is not clear whether it is the upper or lower stone. The outer grinding surface has been dressed with pecking, while the other face is roughly dressed. The fragment is roughly rectangular in cross-section, but the original shape, circumference and the form of the central hole are all unclear due to its fragmentary condition. It is a mid-grey, fine-grained, volcanic stone with vesicular sur…
Created on: Thursday 24th February 2022
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2022
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Helmingham', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: SF-753EAA
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Suffolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A fragment of one section of a cylindrical rotary quernstone/millstone of Roman or later date. It is a small section, sub-triangular in shape, of a much larger flat, disc-shaped quernstone, although it is not clear whether it is the upper or lower stone. The outer grinding surface has been dressed with transverse, parallel raised ridges, each one roughly 20mm apart from one another, while the other face is roughly dressed. The fragment is roughly rectangular in cross-section, but the original shape, circumference and the form of the central hole are all unclear due to its fragmentary …
Created on: Thursday 24th February 2022
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2022
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Helmingham', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: SF-99EF4B
Object type: QUERN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Suffolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete stone Roman quernstone dating to circa AD 43-410. The surviving element is around half of the lower stone. The stone is sandstone. It is a flat quernstone. It is straight sided with a now convex but now uneven based. The grinding surface is flat and heavily worn. The spindle hole is circular in plan with steep, oblique sides. The spindle hole is completely perforated and is 45mm in diameter. Shaffrey notes that flat quernstones came to be in use in southern England during the 1st century AD and are predominantly worked from sandstone (2021). Diameter: 400mm; Th…
Created on: Tuesday 21st September 2021
Last updated: Friday 26th November 2021
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Wenhaston', grid reference and parish protected.