Record ID: HAMP-65ED96
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A medieval gold half-noble of Edward III that is in good condition and has been rolled. Coin dates from the Treaty period (1363-1369), Mint: London, N 1238. Obverse description: Forward facing crowned and armoured king in ship with sword in right hand and quartered shield of England and France in left Obverse inscription: XEDWARDxDEIxGxREXxAnGLxDxhYBxZxAQT with double saltire stops Reverse description: Cross Fluery, crown and lion in each angle; small 'E' at the centre Reverse inscription: +DOMINExMExINxFVRORExTVOxARGVASxME with double saltire stops
Created on: Friday 9th February 2024
Last updated: Friday 9th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: HAMP-64DF91
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Edward III Quarter Noble. Fourth coinage 1351-1361 Pre-Treaty Period. S1495 (Spink 2021 p.186) Edward III, 1327-77. Quarter Noble, Pre-Treaty Period. (1351-61) A very worn and damaged gold quarter noble of Edward III. Approximately one third of the flan is missing along with the corresponding legend. The coin is no longer flat and has a distinctive curvature. This is a Pre-treaty version dating to 1351-61, fourth coinage. (Spink 1495) Royal arms on shield, pellet below, rev. + exaltabitvr in: gloria: an, floriate cross, e at centre, trefoil and lion in each angle, eight-arc dou…
Created on: Friday 9th February 2024
Last updated: Friday 9th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-4CDD59
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Surrey
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An uninscribed Iron Age gold quarter stater of the Cantiaci, dating to c.50-20 BC, Corded triangle type (Southeastern LZ). Obverse: Plain. Reverse: Horse left, corded triangle above, cross hatched box below, pellets in field. As ABC p.36, no. 198; VA 151.
Created on: Thursday 8th February 2024
Last updated: Thursday 8th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUSS-4B5FBB
Object type: COIN
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: East Sussex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete post medieval gold Couronne d'or au soleil (sun crown) of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (AD 1519-1556). Unclear mint mark, dated AD 1542. Dimensions: diameter: 25.48mm,  thickness: 0.45mm,  weight: 3.03g.
Created on: Thursday 8th February 2024
Last updated: Tuesday 13th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SWYOR-0CF672
Object type: COIN
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Lincolnshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A post medieval gold coin; a guinea of William III (AD 1694 - AD 1702) dating to AD 1698. As Spink 3460. Minted at London. Measurements: 25.3mm diameter, 0.7mm thickness, weight 8.3g
Created on: Monday 5th February 2024
Last updated: Sunday 18th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-CC64DE
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete but clipped and bent medieval gold noble of Edward III (1327-1377). North's Fourth Coinage, Pre-Treaty Series E dating to the period 1354-1355. Unclear I.m. London mint. The coin appears to have been intentionally bent into an S-shape.  Measurements: diameter: 32.6mm; weight: 7.66g
Created on: Friday 2nd February 2024
Last updated: Monday 5th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-B72F02
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Surrey
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An Iron Age uninscribed gold uniface Gallo-Belgic stater (18.5mm, 6.25g) of "Gallic War uniface" type, attributed to the Ambiani and dating to the mid first century BC. Obverse: plain. Reverse: sinuous horse, pellet below, pellets above. As ABC 16 / Mack 27.
Created on: Thursday 1st February 2024
Last updated: Thursday 1st February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: LVPL-B60304
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Norfolk
Workflow stage: Published
An uninscribed Iron Age gold stater of the East Anglian Region / Iceni, dating to the period c.50 BC-AD 10, Snettisham 'Fewer Pellets' Type. Obverse: Plain with traces of crossed wreaths and three curved plain lines. Reverse: Horse right, open head, double upper left front leg, beaded mane, pellet in ring in ring of pellets below. ABC p. 79, no. 1408.
Created on: Thursday 1st February 2024
Last updated: Monday 5th February 2024
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Sporle with Palgrave', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: ESS-90CA01
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold Iron Age stater of the Eastern region/ Trinovantes, dating to 80BC - 50BC. Waldingfied type depicting wreath, cloak and crescents. Reverse depicts disarticulated horse left, beaded mane almost horizontal, pellet and rings below. ABC 2335, VA1462. Measurements: diameter 21.1mm; thickness 2.8mm; weight 6.4g  The diameter measured is the widest point
Created on: Tuesday 30th January 2024
Last updated: Monday 18th March 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WMID-8D6D9C
Object type: COIN
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Shropshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete gold guinea of George III (circa AD 1760-1820) dating to 1785. The obverse shows a laureate head right with the inscription GEORGIUS. III DEI.GRATIA. The reverse shows a crowned shield of arms, and the inscription M.BF.ET.H.REX.FD.B.ET.L.DS.R.I.A.T.ET.E. with the date 1785 split by the crowned shield. Spink 3728 (2004).  Measurements: Diameter: 24.3mm Thickness: 1.2mm Weight: 8.3g Die axis: 6
Created on: Tuesday 30th January 2024
Last updated: Thursday 1st February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-10534D
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: West Sussex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete uninscribed base gold quarter stater of the South Western region / Durotriges, dating to the period c.60-20 BC, "Duro Boat Bird" type. Obverse: 'Three men in a boat' design, pellet rosette to left. Reverse: Zig-zag across field, Y-shaped and uncertain objects to each side. As ABC, p. 112, no. 2205.
Created on: Wednesday 24th January 2024
Last updated: Wednesday 24th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-101D07
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An uninscribed gold quarter stater of the southern region, attributed to the Belgae and of "Hampshire Thunderbolt" type, dating to around 60-20 BC. Obverse: stylised boat with figures. Reverse: cruciform thunderbolt motif with objects in angles. As ABC 767.
Created on: Wednesday 24th January 2024
Last updated: Wednesday 24th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-0FE8EC
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete gold Iron Age Gallo-Belgic "boat-tree" quarter stater of the Morini, dating to c.80-60BC. Obverse; probable boat with three occupants. Reverse; Tree-like object with stepped wedge-shape below. As ABC 40
Created on: Wednesday 24th January 2024
Last updated: Wednesday 24th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-E7D0A0
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold Iron Age quarter stater of the North Thames region/ Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, struck for Cunobelinos, dating to the period c.AD 8-41. Cunobelinus Biga type. CAMVL in tablet on vertical wreath, heart shapes in angles. Reverse depicts biga (two horse) left, branch above, wheel and CVNO below. ABC 2807, VA 193, BMC 1836-1836A. Measurements: diameter: 12mm; weight: 1.32g
Created on: Monday 22nd January 2024
Last updated: Monday 22nd January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BH-E3E159
Object type: COIN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Hertfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold solidus of Theodosius I (AD 379-395) dating AD 383-388 (Reece period 20). CONCORDIA AVGGGA reverse type depicting Constantinopolis seated facing, looking right, on throne with lions' heads to left and right of the seat, holding sceptre and shield inscribed VOT V MVL X. Mint of Constantinople. As RIC IX, no. 70A.
Created on: Monday 22nd January 2024
Last updated: Tuesday 30th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUSS-BB8267
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Surrey
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An uninscribed British Iron Age gold stater of the Southern British region, a  ‘Westerham South’ stater of the Regini or Atrebates dating to c. 80 to 50 BC. Obverse: Abstract head of Apollo right Reverse: Stylised horse left, pellet below, zig-zag in exergue with pellets in angles. C.f. ABC 482. VA 202, BMC 24-32. . Diameter: 20.36mm; thickness: 2.96mm and weight: 6.21g.  Rudd (2010:47) writes "More Westerham South gold staters [ABC 482] are found around West Sussex and the Solent than North Hampshire, indicating that they were probably produced b…
Created on: Saturday 20th January 2024
Last updated: Tuesday 23rd January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NMGW-53C09F
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: West Berkshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete Iron Age gold stater of the Atrebates/southern region, struck under Tincomarus (25 BC-AD 10) dating to the period c.20 BC-AD 10, Rudd’s ‘Tincomarus Warrior Com F’ type. Possibly mis-struck as the reverse has a smeared appearance and the pellet border appears slipped. The coin has a rose gold appearance. Reference: ABC 1067
Created on: Monday 15th January 2024
Last updated: Wednesday 20th March 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NARC-E8A9BD
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MODERN
County: Central Bedfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete gold 1 Peso of the Republic of Chile (AD 1864). Obverse depicts Liberty standing, reads REPUBLICA DE CHILE, mint mark below (So). Reverse depicts wreath with value and date within (1//PESO//1864), reads IGUALDAD ANTE LE LEI. Minted Santiago. The coin has a worn circular perforation at 12’oclock (obverse) indicating its reuses as a pendant or similar. Die Axis 6 O’clock. Diameter: 14.31mm, Diameter (perforation): 1.03mm, Thickness: 0.78mm, Weight: 1.5g
Created on: Wednesday 10th January 2024
Last updated: Friday 2nd February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: YORYM-C0551F
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: North Yorkshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete medieval gold quarter noble of Henry V (AD 1413-1422) dating to the period AD 1413-1422. Class C, variant with broken annulet to left of shield and mullet to right. Ornate floriated cross within a treasure of arches reverse. Mint of London. North Vol 2, p.70, no.1382 variant.
Created on: Monday 8th January 2024
Last updated: Tuesday 16th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-BD9E47
Object type: COIN
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Surrey
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold post medieval double crown of James I, second coinage of 1604-1619. Fourth bust, unclear initial mark. London Tower mint. As North 2087.
Created on: Monday 8th January 2024
Last updated: Monday 8th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BUC-7DFA11
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Milton Keynes
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An Iron Age gold quarter stater attributed to the Catuvellauni tribe, struck under Tasciovanos, dating to c. 25 BC - AD 10. Tasciovanos Pegasus type. The obverse depicts TASC in panel on vertical wreath. The reverse depicts Pegasus left, tail raised, pellet in ring on front. ABC 2601, BMC 1647-50. 
Created on: Friday 5th January 2024
Last updated: Friday 5th January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: PUBLIC-B72FB7
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Lincolnshire
Workflow stage: Published
A medieval gold noble of Henry V (1413-22), Class E/F mule (North 1373/1374), initial mark: pierced cross, mint: London. Ref: North 1991: p.69; Woodhead 1996: esp. pl. 25 no. 255.  Marks on the coin: obverse - cinquefoil and annulet by the sword arm, pellet at sword point, trefoil by shield, an unbroken annulet on the side of the ship (Type E), rope 2/1, ornaments 1-1-1.  Reverse - trefoil in first quarter, quatrefoil in second quarter (Type F).  Struck on a small flan so some of the legend letters are not completely shown.
Created on: Thursday 14th December 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 14th February 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-721B58
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold Iron Age quarter stater of the North Thames region/ Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, struck for Cunobelinos, dating to the period c.10-40 AD. Cunobelinus Plastic type. Corn ear without central stalk, [C]A to left, M[V] to right. Reverse depicts horse rearing right, dashes for mane aqnd pellet above, CV[N] below. ABC 2553 VA 2015, BMC 15846-48. Measurements: diameter: 9.9mm; weight: 1.34g
Created on: Monday 11th December 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 3rd January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-71E4DA
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold Iron Age quarter stater of the Southern region / Regini, dating to the period c.65-40BC. Sills Insular Cf type. Boat with two occupants, rosette behind. Reverse depicts tree-like object. ABC 530. Measurements: diameter: 11.6mm; weight: 1.42g
Created on: Monday 11th December 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 3rd January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-70CF23
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold Iron Age stater of the North Thames region/ Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, struck for Tasciovanos, dating to the period c. 25BC to AD 10. Tasciovanus Hidden Faces type. Crossed wreaths, one curved, back to back crescents at centre, hidden faces in angles. Reverse depicts horse right, bucranium, solar motif and [TASCIAVAN] above, hook-like object below.  ABC 2553  VA 1680, BMC 1591-1603. Measurements: diameter: 16.3mm; weight: 5.55g
Created on: Monday 11th December 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 3rd January 2024
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-605A7A
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An Iron Age gold 'Gallo-Belgic broad flan' Ab stater, probably attributed to the Bellovaci, dating to the period c.175-100 BC. Left Type. Flamboyant wreathed bust left with big hair. Distinct trefoil eyes. Reverse depicts horse left, charioteer above. As ABC, p. 28, no. 4; VA 12; LT 7886, Sills, 2003: pp. 140-159, nos. 286-303.  The obverse of the coin has multiple scratches crossing over eachother. Measurements: diameter: 25.4mm; weight: 7.25g
Created on: Tuesday 28th November 2023
Last updated: Tuesday 28th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: DENO-5CAFC8
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Derbyshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A slightly clipped gold noble of Edward III dating to the period AD 1356 - 1361. Pre-Treaty standard type A, North 1180 (a). Obverse depicting the king standing facing in a ship. He is crowned and wearing armour, and holds in his right hand a sword and in his left a shield quartered with the arms of England and France. Reverse depicting a floriated cross with a lis at the end of each limb and an ornamented compartment (containing the king's initial) in the centre; in each angle, a lion passant, guardant, with a crown above; all within a tressure of eight arches. …
Created on: Tuesday 28th November 2023
Last updated: Tuesday 5th December 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: GLO-482CCC
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Gloucestershire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An uninscribed British Iron Age gold quarter stater of the Regini and Atrebates, dating to the period c.60 - 20 BC, Selsey Dahlia type. Obverse: Wreath design with hidden face. Reverse: Triple-tailed horse right, no mane, floral sun above, wheel below. ABC p. 48, no. 503; BMC nos. 503-518.
Created on: Monday 27th November 2023
Last updated: Monday 27th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: DENO-75976D
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Wakefield
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An Iron Age gold stater of the North Eastern region / Corieltavi, dating to c. BC 50 - 20. Domino type. Obverse shows wreath and crescents. Reverse depicts lunate horse left, box containing four pellets above, four armed spiral anticlockwise below. ABC 1758. Diameter 19.67 mm, thickness 3.26 mm, weight 5.37 g
Created on: Friday 17th November 2023
Last updated: Friday 24th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: HAMP-736281
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Complete uninscribed Chute gold stater of the southern British Belgae (ABC 746) dating c. 65-40 BC . Obverse Wreath, cloak and crescents. Reverse Disjointed horse left with rectangular head, body of crescents, four vertical legs, crab below, many pellets above.
Created on: Friday 17th November 2023
Last updated: Friday 17th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: PUBLIC-6006F2
Object type: COIN
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Somerset
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A post Medieval gold quarter Moeda with a value of 1000 Reis, of Peter II (Dom Pedro II) of Portugal (AD 1648-1706), dated 1689. Obverse: Crowned arms of Portugal. Reverse: Short cross pattee with quatrefoils in each angle. The coin is flat, but exhibits two parallel creases, suggesting that at some time it has been re-used as a token or charm by being deliberately bent into an S-shape. Mint of Lisbon. Diameter: 18.6mm Weight: 2.68g
Created on: Thursday 16th November 2023
Last updated: Friday 17th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-4AAFF1
Object type: COIN
Broad period: POST MEDIEVAL
County: Hampshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold crown of Charles I, Group B with second bust and cross calvary initial mark dating to 1625-1626. As North 2181.
Created on: Wednesday 15th November 2023
Last updated: Wednesday 15th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: LVPL-34FE36
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Suffolk
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A gold Gallo-Belgic E type stater attributed to the Ambiani tribe, minted c. 60 BC-c. 50 BC. Obverse: Mound. Reverse: Celticised horse galloping right, disjointed lines and pellets above. (ABC 16).  Ref.: Van Arsdell 1989: 70, cf. no. 52-1. Dimensions: 17.8mm diameter, 2.8mm thick; weight: 5.99g.
Created on: Tuesday 14th November 2023
Last updated: Tuesday 21st November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-1E7231
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MODERN
County: West Sussex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A milled gold one third guinea of George III, first laureate head, second reverse type dated 1802. As Spink 3739.
Created on: Monday 13th November 2023
Last updated: Monday 13th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: SUR-1E482D
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: West Sussex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An Iron Age uninscribed gold stater (19.6mm, 5.78g) of the Southern region, attributed to the Regini and Atrebates and of "Selsey Two-Faced" type dating to 60-20 BC. Obverse: Wreath design with two hidden faces. Reverse: triple tailed horse, right, with wheel below and behind, charioteer's arms above. ABC 485; Sills' Qa Class 2 (Sills 2017 p.120).
Created on: Monday 13th November 2023
Last updated: Monday 13th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: ESS-B8698E
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: Essex
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An Iron Age gold quarter stater of the North Thames Region / Trinovantes, attributed to 'Dubnovellaunos' and dating to the period c. 5BC-AD10. Dubnovellaunos trefoil type. Wreath, plain crescents back-to-back at centre, pellet in ring to each side. Reverse depicts horse left, branch below, trefoil above. ABC 2395, BMC 2442 Measurements: weight: 1.36g, diameter: 10.8mm
Created on: Wednesday 8th November 2023
Last updated: Monday 22nd January 2024
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Great Oakley', grid reference and parish protected.

Record ID: NCL-919E55
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Northumberland
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete gold quarter noble of Edward III (r. AD 1327-1377), dating to AD 1351-1361. Pre-treaty series (fourth coinage). intial mark: cross 3.  The obverse has a shield quartered with the arms of England and France within a tressure of eight arches. Obverse inscription: +EDWAR.R.ANGL.Z.FRANC.D.hY . The stops are single saltires. The reverse has a floriated cross with a lis at the end of each limb and a lis in the centre; in each angle, a lion passant guardant; all within a tressure of eight arches. The reverse includes an odd spelling, reading +EXA…
Created on: Monday 6th November 2023
Last updated: Thursday 23rd November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: BERK-786404
Object type: COIN
Broad period: IRON AGE
County: West Berkshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Complete uninscribed Chute gold stater of the southern British Belgae (ABC 746) dating c. 65-40 BC . Obverse Wreath, cloak and crescents. Reverse Disjointed horse left with rectangular head, body of crescents, four vertical legs, crab below, many pellets above.
Created on: Sunday 5th November 2023
Last updated: Tuesday 21st November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NARC-275C34
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Northamptonshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
A complete gold Half Noble of Edward III (AD 1327-1377). Fourth coinage, Treaty period. DOMINE NE IN FVRORE TVO ARGVAS ME reverse depicting a floriated cross with a lis at the end of each limb and an ornamented compartment in the centre; in each angle, a lion passant, guardant, with a crown above; all within a tressure of eight arches. Double saltire stops. Cross pattée initial mark. Mint of London. AD 1363-1369. Diameter: 26.79mm, Thickness: 0.84mm, Weight: 3.8g The outer edges of the coin are slightly distorted. North Vol II, P 55, No 1238
Created on: Wednesday 1st November 2023
Last updated: Friday 10th November 2023
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: NLM-275118
Object type: COIN
Broad period: MEDIEVAL
County: Lincolnshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Gold coin. Noble of Edward III (1327-1377), Series B issue of 1351, crumpled Obverse description: facing armoured and crowned king with heater shield charged with Arms of England and France on cog with decorative gunwhale and three curved planks, rigging behind. Obverse inscription: [ED]WARD. DEI.GRA.REX.ANGLI.[Z. FRA] Reverse description: Central cross fleury with pelleted arms, E in central octofoil, three pellets in inner angles of cross, leopard left in outer angle, crown over each leopard, all in nine arched tressure with lis/trefoils outside each arch. Initial cross pattee. R…
Created on: Wednesday 1st November 2023
Last updated: Thursday 2nd November 2023
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'Calcethorpe', grid reference and parish protected.