Record ID: WAW-2AC6C9
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
Workflow stage: Published
Roman (c.AD 43 to 409) iron hob nail: It has a hemi-sperical head and a square incomplete shank. It measures 11.78mm, 9.17mm and weighs 0.65g. Hobnails were used in Roman footwear, boots and sandals (caligae) were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole, lamina and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to facilitate comfortable walking (Bishop and Coulston: 1993). At Usk (Driel- Murray in Mattingley 1995) very similar hobnails and the pattern which were created with them are illu…
Created on: Monday 20th May 2019
Last updated: Tuesday 21st May 2019
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Record ID: WAW-11FC59
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Six Roman (c.AD 43 to 409)possible iron hob nails: Three have hemi-sperical heads and a square or rectangular shank. Two are corroded and the original shape unclear. They measure between 17.38mm long and 7.18mm. Hobnails were used in Roman footwear, boots and sandals (caligae) were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole, lamina and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to facilitate comfortable walking (Bishop and Coulston: 1993). At Usk (Driel- Murray in Mattingley 1995) very s…
Created on: Wednesday 12th December 2018
Last updated: Saturday 18th May 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-98BEE8
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Four Roman (c.AD 43 to 409) iron hob nails: All have hemi-sperical heads and a square or rectangular bent shank which forms a 'J' in profile. The shanks taper to a blunt point. They measure between 14.18mm long and 4.48mm. Hobnails were used in Roman footwear, boots and sandals (caligae) were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole, lamina and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to facilitate comfortable walking (Bishop and Coulston: 1993). At Usk (Driel- Murray in Mattingley 1…
Created on: Monday 12th November 2018
Last updated: Monday 12th November 2018
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-8E33D4
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Three Roman (c.AD 43 to 409) iron hob nails: All have hemi-sperical heads and a square or rectangular bent shank which forms a 'J' in profile. The shanks taper to a blunt point. They measure between 12.47mm long and 9.66mm. Hobnails were used in Roman footwear, boots and sandals (caligae) were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole, lamina and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to facilitate comfortable walking (Bishop and Coulston: 1993). At Usk (Driel- Murray: 1995) very si…
Created on: Monday 27th March 2017
Last updated: Monday 27th March 2017
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-40C35F
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Roman (possibly post medieval) iron hob nail: It has an incomplete hemi-spherical head and a square bent shank which tapers in thickness to a blunt point. The hobnail measures 6.77mm across the head, 10.85mm long and weighs 0.31g. Hobnails were used in Roman military footwear, boots were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to facilitate comfortable walking (Bishop, M C and Coulston, J C N, 1993.Roman Military Equipment, from the Punic…
Created on: Monday 27th February 2017
Last updated: Monday 27th February 2017
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-6C6797
Object type: NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An assemblage of 4 iron nails of possible Roman to Post Medieval date. One nail has a sub-square shank, and the other three a slender rectangular shank. The heads on two are missing and the remaining two are rectangular in section and taper to the shank. Collective weight: 8.71g. Iron nails are intrinsically difficult to date out of context. The date range proposed for this assemblage is possibly Roman, but may date into the Post Medieval period.
Created on: Friday 30th December 2016
Last updated: Friday 6th January 2017
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-8EAD1B
Object type: NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An assemblage of 4 iron nails of possible Roman to Post Medieval date. One nail has a sub-square shank, and the other three a slender rectangular shank. The heads on two are flattened and expanded to one side, another is an inverted triangle and the fourth is slightly bulbous. Collective weight: 10.86g. Iron nails are intrinsically difficult to date out of context. The date range proposed for this assemblage is possibly Roman, but may date into the Post Medieval period.
Created on: Friday 15th July 2016
Last updated: Friday 15th July 2016
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-217FAC
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Roman (possibly post medieval) iron hob nail: It has a hemi-sperical head and a square bent shank which tapers in thickness to a blunt point. The hobnail measures 9.44mm across the head, 9.07mm long and weighs 0.76g. Hobnails were used in Roman military footwear, boots were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to facilitate comfortable walking (Bishop, M C and Coulston, J C N, 1993. Roman Military Equipment, from the Punic Wars to the …
Created on: Friday 22nd January 2016
Last updated: Sunday 24th January 2016
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-06D0C7
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Published
Nine Roman (c. AD 43 to 410) iron hob nails: All have hemi-sperical heads and a square or rectangular bent shank which forms a 'J' in profile. The shanks tapers to a blunt point. They measure between 12.36mm long and 9.66mm. Hobnails were used in Roman footwear, boots and sandals (caligae) were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole, lamina and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to facilitate comfortable walking (Bishop and Coulston: 1993). At Usk (Driel- Murray: 1995) very s…
Created on: Thursday 5th December 2013
Last updated: Wednesday 30th October 2019
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-001ED8
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Oxfordshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Two probable Roman (possibly post medieval) iron hob nails of varying sizes. All have hemi-sperical heads and a square or rectangular bent shank which tapers in thickness to a blunt point. The hobnails measure as follows. 1. 8.73mm across the head, 13.19mm long and weighs 0.8g. 2. 10.57mm across the head, 14.66mm long and weighs 1.1g. Hobnails were used in Roman military footwear, boots were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were …
Created on: Monday 5th August 2013
Last updated: Thursday 8th August 2013
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-22F8E4
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Gloucestershire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Two probable Roman (possibly post medieval) iron hob nails of varying sizes. All have hemi-sperical heads and a square or rectangular bent shank which tapers in thickness to a blunt point. The hobnails measure as follows. 1. 8.3mm across the head, 11.68mm long and weighs 0.7g. 2. 8.97mm across the head, 15.03mm long and weighs 0.8g. Hobnails were used in Roman military footwear, boots were made from three main pieces of leather, the upper sole and the insole, all three layers were clenched together with hobnails, frequently arranged in patterns, some of which were created to fac…
Created on: Thursday 14th March 2013
Last updated: Thursday 21st March 2013
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-8AA772
Object type: HOB NAIL
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Six probable Roman (possibly post medieval) iron hob nails of varying sizes. All have hemi-sperical heads and a square or rectangular bent shank which tapers in thickness to a blunt point. The hobnails measure as follows. 1. 12.4mm across the head, 16.26mm long and weighs 1.4g. 2. 11.52mm across the head, 17.45mm long and weighs 1.8g. 3. 10.12mm across the head, 13.55mm long and weighs 0.7g. 4. 9.44mm across the head, 13.9mm long and weighs 1g. 5. 8.62mm across the head, 14.61mm long and weighs 0.9g. 6. 6.21mm across the incomplete head, 10.43mm long and weighs 0.3g. Hob…
Created on: Sunday 30th September 2012
Last updated: Monday 1st October 2012
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-FFDD92
Object type: PIN
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
An incomplete possibly cast iron pin. The It is in a fair condition and has no visible corrosion. The shank is sub-rectangular in section, and only slightly tapers to a broken point. The pin head is circular in section, and is bi-convex with an off-centre knop at the apex. This knop may be a manufacturing flaw rather than a decorative knop. The head measures 9.14mm diameter, and the pin is 48mm long. It weighs 3.4g. The pin is probably Roman, robably a hair pin. The pin is similar to Group 1 in Cools’ typology (1990 ‘Roman Metal Hair Pins from Southern Britain’ Archaeological…
Created on: Thursday 6th September 2007
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-56DA14
Object type: BROOCH
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Worcestershire
Workflow stage: Awaiting validation
Iron P-shaped brooch. The wings of the brooch are created by a cast copper alloy cylinder which terminates with a bulbous iron knop. The terminal of the wings show there is an iron spindle within the wings. The wings do have traces of iron on their surface as if they were originally encased in iron, but this is not certain. The spring is iron and is wounded around the wings, forming five coils with the external coils forming a bar underneath the bow. The coil, second from the right-hand side forms the pin on the reverse. The pin is circular in section and the terminal of the pin is enc…
Created on: Wednesday 30th August 2006
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded.

Record ID: WAW-AB0C35
Object type: BRACELET
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Worcestershire
Workflow stage: Published
The bracelet is made of thre three strands of iron. The three strands are twisted together, then forming a 'C' shape in plan. The terminals taper to a point, whether this is purposeful or not, is unsure. It is difficult to decide whether this band is a small bracelet, or more modern wire. But Johns does mention iron bracelets made in this way, and it was found on an Roman site which may suggest it possible being Roman.
Created on: Wednesday 1st October 2003
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded.

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Record ID: WMID3013
Object type: BLADE
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Published
The blade's cutting edge is heavily abraded and incomplete. The upper edge of the blade slightly concave, with the tip starting to angle downwards, however the tip is missing. The blade in section is an elongated triangular shape. The tang tapers from the blade. The tang tapers and is incomplete, and has a rectangular section.
Created on: Thursday 8th March 2001
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'WARWICKSHIRE HONINGTON', grid reference and parish protected.

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Record ID: WMID2918
Object type: CLAMP
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Published
The clamp has a long stem which is sub-trapezoidal in shape. The surface is irregular which is probably due to corrosion. The terminal is rounded, however it is uncertain whether this is the original terminal or not. The opposite terminal flares outwards forming a sub-triangular shape which could develop forming the 'T' shape. The edges are too distorted to say whether this occurred or not. At this terminal are traces of mortar and orange tile powder.
Created on: Tuesday 23rd January 2001
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'WARWICKSHIRE HONINGTON', grid reference and parish protected.

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Record ID: WMID1184
Object type: BLADE
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Published
Possibly an iron blade. The item is an elongated shape. The upper long edge is 6.98mm thick, which then tapers to the lower long edge. The lower long edge is abraded and becomes more narrow at one end. At this more narrow end the thickness of the item is more constant and does not taper, therefore could possibly be the shaft for fixing the handle.
Created on: Monday 25th October 1999
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'WARWICKSHIRE WHICHFORD', grid reference and parish protected.

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Record ID: WMID1185
Object type: DRILL BIT
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Warwickshire
Workflow stage: Published
An iron object which has been made from a rectangular shaped iron. Just over half of the iron has been folded lengthways so the long edges meet. The terminal of this folded section is slightly rounded with a slightly expanded edge and a small protrusion. The remaining length of iron is folded, but creates a 'scoop-like' effect where the edges flare out slightly, and the base is curved forming a semi-circular section. The terminal of this 'scooped shape' appears to be broken along an oblique angle.
Created on: Monday 25th October 1999
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'WARWICKSHIRE WHICHFORD', grid reference and parish protected.

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Record ID: WMID664
Object type: BROOCH
Broad period: ROMAN
County: Worcestershire
Workflow stage: Published
Wings are incomplete, one wing is missing. The remaining wing is slightly concave, but not enough to contain a spring. No decoration is obvious on the bow. The catchplate is incomplete.
Created on: Thursday 5th August 1999
Last updated: Thursday 24th February 2011
Spatial data recorded. This findspot is known as 'HEREFORD AND WORCESTER BADSEY', grid reference and parish protected.