SEAL MATRIX

A near complete but worn and abraded flat lead non-heraldic personal seal matrix of Medieval date c.AD 1200-1350.

Description: The matrix is flat and circular in plan and with an incomplete triangular lug at the top of the reverse side at the apex of a raised ridge. The lug is worn. The die face is engraved with central cross with a single inwards facing dash in each quadrant. The die face is heavily worn and warped, due to its thiness. What is visible of the surrounding inscription starting at twelve o'clock and runs retrograde (anti-clockwise) around the matrix so it would appear the right way round when used. It reads "+S'[G]ILB'TI F' W[_ _]hIS', The matrix is heavily patinated an off white colour typical of patinated lead.

Dimensions: 22.71mm in diameter, 5.3mm thick (inc suspension loop and warping, the die face 1.69mm thick at thinnest) and 5.55g in weight.

Discussion: This matrix fits with a group of commonly reported simple lead personal seal matrices dating to the 13th - mid 14th, such as KENT-AE1EEF. This group, with relatively simple non-heraldic designs and crude personal inscriptions belong to the 13th- early 14th century (Harvey and McGuinness 1996. 79-80).

Due to wear it is not certain exactly what the second name on the matrix translates as, Seal of Gilbert son of Willis seems the most likely translation.