SEAL MATRIX

A cast and engraved incomplete Medieval lead-alloy personal circular seal matrix.

Description: The matrix is circular and quite thick with the back being convex leaving it D-shaped in cross-section. On the front there is a central engraved design of a stylised fleur de lis. There is a plain line border around the design dividing it from the inscription. This starts with a cross and reads +S' PETRI LE DE NIEDES.

The reverse is decorated with seven raised dots in three rows, with a bottom one below three evenly in a line; the top three are aligned unevenly, giving the impression of a simplified face. The suspension loop at the apex of the back is snapped off across its suspension loop. The seal is mottled an off white colour.

Measurements: 26.94mm in diameter, 7.77mm thick (with suspension loop 4.81mm thick without decoration or loop) and 19.06g in weight.

Discussion: This matrix fits with a group of commonly reported simple lead personal seal matrices dating to the 13th century (Harvey and McGuinness 1996. 79-80).

It is tempting to read the inscription as 'Seal of Peter Lee of Niedes', but all versions of the surname that later became Lee should have another syllable in Middle English, either Lea, Legh or Lye. An alternative possibility is that the engraver was aiming at an occupational surname (Peter the .... of Niedes). Niedes is presumably a place-name, but cannot be identified at present. Today the word is only found as an Ashkenazi Jewish surname.

A very similar matrix (KENT-E75FC1) was found in the vicinity as this one, sharing the reverse decoration and some lettering features.