COIN HOARD

59 silver denarii ranging in date from issues of the Roman Republic to those of Tiberius. The coins were found scattered over a relatively small area and clearly represent part of a hoard scattered by agricultural activity. Wear patterns are consistent with this, the older coins generally being the most worn. Dating is difficult and one's initial reaction is to connect this hoard to the Roman invasion of AD43. However, the latest coins, those of Tiberius, still show some wear and had plainly circulated for a number of years. It seems more likely, on the balance of probabilities, that this hoard should be dated to the period of the Boudiccan revolt in AD 60 rather than earlier. The absence of coins of Caligula, Claudius and the early years of Nero would, given their rarity, be understandable. The lack of contemporary Iron Age coins, often buried alongside Roman issues, implies that this hoard was deposited or lost by a Roman or one who had very much adapted to Roman ways.

Catalogue

Safra, Rome, Rome, 150BC

1) SAFRA, ROMA in exergue, Victory in biga right, Crawford 206/1 (1; 3.22g)

Caius Junius, Rome, 149BC

2) C.IVN.C.F, ROMA in exergue, Dioscuri right, Crawford 210/1 (1; 3.30g)

Caius Terentius Lucanus, Rome, 147BC

3) C TER LVC, ROMA in exergue, Dioscuri right, Crawford 217/1 (1; 3.59g)

Marcus Calidius, Quintus Metellus and Cnaius Fulvius, Rome, 117-116BC

4) CNFOVL, M CA Q MET (ligate) in exergue, Victory in biga right, Crawford 284/1b (1; 3.61g)

Caius Claudius Pulcher, Rome, 110-109BC

5) C.PVLCHER in exergue, Victory in biga right, Crawford 300/1 (1; 3.24g)

Lucius Flaminius Chilo, Rome, 109-108BC

6) [...], Victory in biga right, Crawford 302/1 (1; 3.26g - broken)

Caius Coilius Caldus, Rome, 104BC

7) C.COIL, CALD in exergue, N (dot to right) control mark, Crawford 318/1a (1; 3.75g)

8) C.COIL, CALD in exergue, O (dot either side) control mark, Crawford 318/1 (1; 3.53g)

Quintus Minucius Thermus, Rome, 103BC

9) Q.THERM M.F in exergue, Soldier fighting barbarian, Crawford 319/1 (1; 3.39g)

Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, Rome, 90BC

10) L.PISO.FRVGI, Horseman right, Crawford 340/1 (1; 3.49g)

Obverse control mark: [XXXIII[I]]

Reverse control mark: XXXII / ROMA (monogram)[1]

Caius Vibius Pansa, Rome, 90BC

11) [C.VIBIVS.C.F], Minerva in biga left, Crawford 342/4 (1; 3.30g)

Lucius Titurius Sabinus, Rome, 89BC

12) SABIN A.PV / [L.TITVRI] in exergue, killing of Tarpeia, Crawford 344/2c (1; 3.63g)

Gargonius, Ogulnius and Vergilius, Rome, 86BC

13) [...], Jupiter in quadriga right, Crawford 350A/1-2 (1; 3.43g)[2]

Caius Norbanus, Rome, 83BC

15) Corn-ear, fasces and caduceus, Crawford 357/1b, CCXIII control mark (1; 2.82g damaged and incomplete)

Lucius Sulla, mobile mint moving with Sulla, 84-83BC

14) IMPER ITERVM, Trophies between jug and lituus, Crawford 359/2 (1; 3.27g)

Caius Mamilius Limetanus, Rome, 82BC

16) C.MAMIL LIMETAN, Ulysses right, Crawford 362/1 (1; 3.58g). Control letter C?

Caius Marius Capito, Rome, 80BC

17) C.MARI.C.F/ S.C in exergue, Ploughman with yoke of oxen, Crawford 378/1c,CXV and fibula control marks[3] (1; 3.55g)

Lucius Procilius, Rome, 80BC

18-19) L.PROCILI.F in exergue, Juno Sospita in biga right, Crawford 379/2 (2; 3.70g, 3.50g)

Caius Poblicius, Rome, 80BC

20) C.POBLICI.Q.F, Hercules and Nemean lion, Crawford 380/1, S obverse and reverse control mark (1; 3.42g)

Caius Naevius Balbus, Rome, 79BC

21) C.NAE.BALB, Victory in triga right, control mark L[...] above, Crawford 382/1b (1; 3.38g)

Lucius Rustius, Rome, 76BC

22) L.RVSTI in exergue, Ram right, Crawford 389/1 (1; 3.66g)

Caius Egnatius Maxsumus, Rome, 75BC

23) [...], Roma and Venus, Crawford 391/3 (1; 2.99g) Rev. control mark uncertain [P]?

Caius Postumius, Rome, 74BC

24) C.POSTVMI/AT (ligate) in exergue, Hound running right, Crawford 394/1a (1; 3.67g)

Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus, Rome, 62BC

25) TER, PAVLLVS in exergue, Trophy, Crawford 415/1 (1; 3.70g)

Lucius Scribonius Libo, Rome, 62BC

26) PVTEAL SCRIBON, Altar, hammer at base, Crawford 416/1a (1; 3.63g)

Publius Fonteius Capito, Rome, 55BC

27) MV.FONT.TR.MIL, Horseman spearing warrior, Crawford 429/1 (1; 4.00g)

Marcus Junius Brutus, Rome, 54BC

28) BRVTVS in exergue, Brutus, lictors and accensus right, Crawford 433/1 (1; 3.67g)

Caius Vibius Pansa, Rome, 48BC

29) C.VIBIVS [C.F.C.N] IOVISAXVR, Jupiter seated left, Crawford 449/1b (1; 3.50g)

Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Rome, 48BC

30) ALBIN[VS BRVTI F], Clasped hands around caduceus, Crawford 450/2 (1; 3.56g)

Minucius Cordius Rufus, Rome, 46BC

31) MN.CORDIVS, Venus standing left, Crawford 463/1b (3.67g)

32) MN.CORDIVS, Venus standing left, Crawford 463/1a (3.30g)

Titus Carisius, Rome, 46BC

33) T.CARISI, Cornucopia on globe, sceptre and rudder, Crawford 464/3a (1; 3.74g)

Titus Carisius, Rome, 46BC

34) T.CARISI, Victory in biga, Crawford 464/4 (1; 3.72g)

Petillius Capitolinus, Rome, 43BC

35) Hexastyle temple, S F flanking, Crawford 487/2b (1; 3.45g)

Publius Clodius, Rome, 42BC

36) P.CLODIVS M.F, Diana facing, Crawford 494/23 (1; 3.22g)

Marcus Antonius, mobile Eastern mint, 32-31BC

37) LEG XX[?], Crawford 544/36ff (1; 3.13g)

38) LEG XXI, Crawford 544/37 (1; 3.31g)

Augustus, uncertain Italian mint, c.32-29BC

39) CAESAR DIVI F, Pax standing left, RIC I, 252 (1; 3.36g)

Augustus, Lyon, 2BC-c.AD5

40-42) AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT, C L CAESARES in exergue, RIC I, 207 (3; 3.60g, 3.63g, 2.99g [fragmentary])

43) AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT, C L CAESARES in exergue, RIC I, 210 (1; 3.78g)

Tiberius, Lyon, AD14-37

44) PONTIF MAXIM, RIC I, 26 (1; 3.66g)

45-47) PONTIF MAXIM, RIC I, 28 (3; 3.67g, 3.49g, 3.57g)

48-56) PONTIF MAXIM, RIC I, 30 (9; 3.69g, 3.68g, 3.69g, 3.52g, 3.60g, 3.73g, 3.54g, 3.54g, 3.69g)

57-59) PONTIF MAXIM, RIC I, 28 or 30 (3; 3.21g, 2.76g, 3.70g)

Date: circa 43-60

[1] cf Ghey & Leins 340.1.398

[2] Punchmark Γ behind head.

[3] See Ghey & Leins 378.1.94