This item is possibly of Late-Saxon or Viking origin, and if so, dates to the 10th or 11th century.<\/p>","notes":"
Found late 1970s, before current Treasure numbering system, originally reported under MME 433<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2012-02-23 15:45:45","updated":"2012-02-23 15:49:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":null,"datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"16","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":"1","createdBy":"2018","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"karend1","fullname":"Karen Dunford","institution":"KENT","usernameUpdate":"karend1","fullnameUpdate":"Karen Dunford","primaryMaterial":"Gold","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"KENT","district":"CANTERBURY","knownas":"St Nicholas at Wade","gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"DENO-938F91","id":"488448","uniqueID":"PAS4F3938F90011AC","objecttype":"INGOT","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"12.78","height":null,"width":"4.21","thickness":"5.11","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"Derby E7599 2012 T108","treasureID":"2012T108","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"750","numdate2":"1050","culture":null,"description":"
TREASURE CASE 2012 T108: Probably Early Medieval (Viking) gold ingot\/hack gold, dated to the mid 8th to mid 11th<\/sup> Centuries, AD. C.750-1050. The ingot is roughly sub-rectangular in section and tongue-shaped in plan. The edges between the flat lengthways faces of the ingot are bevelled. This bevelling is wider along two of the edges, giving the ingot a slightly arched appearance in cross-section. One end of the ingot appears complete and is rounded, with slight undulations to the surface noticeable. The opposite end of the ingot appears incomplete with the break consisting of a smooth slice or hack for approximately half of the face and then the face appears sheared, as if the ingot had been scored and then broken.<\/p>\n Discussion: Although gold ingots are traditionally difficult to date out of context they are often attributed to a Viking date. The Vikings had a bullion economy where the purity and weight of the metal were more important than the form. Although this bullion economy primarily utilised silver it did also include gold. This particular ingot was found in close proximity to a silver Thor's hammer pendant (Treasure case 2011 T805) in an area of known mid-late Anglo-Saxon and Viking era activity.<\/p>\n\n Dimensions: Thickness: 5.11mm Width: 4.21mm Length: 12.78mm Weight: 2.9g (0.1oz)<\/p>\n\n As the object is more than 10% precious metal and more than 300 years old, it fulfils the requirements of the 1996 Treasure Act.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2012-02-13 16:23:21","updated":"2012-04-17 15:36:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2012-01-01","datefound2":"2012-02-05","inscription":null,"disccircum":"In association with a York Uni Research Project into the Torksey Area","museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"2","subPeriodTo":"3","createdBy":"1100","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"cburrill2","fullname":"Charlotte Burrill","institution":"DENO","usernameUpdate":"cburrill2","fullnameUpdate":"Charlotte Burrill","primaryMaterial":"Gold","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Cast","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Uncertain","preservation":"Good","cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"LINCOLNSHIRE","district":"WEST LINDSEY","knownas":"Torksey Area","gridRefSource":"GPS"},{"old_findID":"NMS-3C9A72","id":"487766","uniqueID":"PAS4F33C9A700143B","objecttype":"INGOT","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"29.5","height":null,"width":"8.5","thickness":"8","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2012T98","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"800","numdate2":"1066","culture":"Viking","description":" Probably Late Saxon cast silver ingot, a roughly D-sectioned bar with one end chopped and snapped. There is no evidence of hammering or pecking. There are a few specks of verdigris on the surfaces. Length 29.5mm. 8.5 x 8mm in cross-section. Weight 12.13g \/ 187.4 grains, perhaps for a \u00bd eyrir, the Viking Age weight unit of 25g\/26g. 9th<\/sup> - 11th<\/sup> century.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2012-02-09 13:27:03","updated":"2012-02-10 15:04:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2011-09-01","datefound2":"2011-09-30","inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":"3","createdBy":"123","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"edarch","fullname":"Erica Darch","institution":"NMS","usernameUpdate":"edarch","fullnameUpdate":"Erica Darch","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Incomplete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"NORFOLK","district":"KINGS LYNN AND WEST NORFOLK","knownas":"South West Norfolk","gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"NMS-D7AC68","id":"483470","uniqueID":"PAS4F1D7AC6001F3E","objecttype":"FINGER RING","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":"15","thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2012T62","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"850","numdate2":"1000","culture":"Viking","description":" Fragment of Viking-age gold finger ring, with flat lozengiform bezel decorated with four longitudinal rows of tiny stamped dots. Half or less than half of the bezel survives, tapering smoothly to form the narrow rectangular-sectioned hoop, the end of which is twisted before a break. Originally, the two ends would have been twisted around each other to close the hoop.<\/p>\n Maximum surviving width 15mm. Weight 1.27g.<\/p>\n This ring fits well into a series of similar examples in copper alloy, silver and gold. Silver examples include one with a similar-shaped bezel from HER 40302 (Seething, Norfolk; NMS-2160F3), and also PAS-D64713 (Bolton, E. Yorks) and SF9727 (Great Finborough, Suffolk) A complete gold example is known from Thetford (Rogerson and Dallas, EAA22, 1984, 71, fig.12). They are dated to the late 9th to 10th centuries AD.<\/p>","notes":" As this object is made of more than 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old, it constitutes potential Treasure under the Treasure Act 1996.<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2012-01-23 15:20:39","updated":"2012-02-28 13:46:34","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2012-01-05","datefound2":"2012-01-05","inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":"3","createdBy":"123","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"edarch","fullname":"Erica Darch","institution":"NMS","usernameUpdate":"edarch","fullnameUpdate":"Erica Darch","primaryMaterial":"Gold","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Fragment","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"NORFOLK","district":"BRECKLAND","knownas":"Fransham","gridRefSource":"From Finder"},{"old_findID":"NMS-E26C94","id":"476270","uniqueID":"PAS4EDE26C90017A7","objecttype":"FINGER RING","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":"22.5","width":"23","thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2011T856","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"850","numdate2":"1066","culture":"Viking","description":" Anglo-Scandinavian or Viking-period penannular finger-ring made from silver. Slightly irregular D-sectioned band, tapering smoothly from the widest point at the front to blunt points at the rear of the hoop. There are hammer marks on the internal surface.<\/p>\n External height 22.5mm. External width 23mm. Internal height 17mm. Internal width 16mm. Width of band at maximum 5.5mm. Weight 6.48g.<\/p>\n Compare examples in copper alloy from Thetford; A. Goodall in Rogerson and Dallas (1984) fig.110, nos. 17 and 21. A more elaborate twisted silver example with hammered-together ends can be found at NCL-40E866 (2007T599).<\/p>","notes":" The object fulfils the Treasure Act (1996) in that it is more than 300 years old and has a precious metal content exceeding 10%.<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2011-12-06 14:29:29","updated":"2012-02-23 10:15:34","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2011-11-07","datefound2":"2011-11-07","inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":"3","createdBy":"123","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"edarch","fullname":"Erica Darch","institution":"NMS","usernameUpdate":"hgeake","fullnameUpdate":"Helen Geake","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"NORFOLK","district":"SOUTH NORFOLK","knownas":"Runhall","gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"DENO-BD00C3","id":"473580","uniqueID":"PAS4ECBD00C001597","objecttype":"PENDANT","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"39.01","height":null,"width":"29.13","thickness":"4.19","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"Derby E7387","treasureID":"2011T805","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"850","numdate2":"1050","culture":null,"description":" TREASURE CASE 2011 T805: The pendant is cast in the form of a plain, flat, double-headed hammer with a plain tapered, circular-sectioned shaft (now bent out of shape). The head of the pendant is an elongated pentagon in form (sub-triangular). The head is narrowest at its midpoint, where it joins the shaft, and then flares slightly to either side of this so that the ends of the hammer head represent the thickest parts. The tip of the tapered shaft was probably originally bent back on itself to form a suspension loop but the shaft is now bent at approximately 90 degrees to the head of the pendant and the tip is straight. The shaft has signs of stress from having been bent with transverse cracking and some loss of surface in the area of the bend & also at the tip. The head shows little sign of wear and there are slight file markings on both faces. The pendant has a deep black-grey patina overall.<\/p>\n The object belongs to a series of Viking-period pendants thought to represent Mjollnir, the hammer of the Norse god Thor. They are found widely distributed in areas of Viking settlement from England (in the Danelaw and the northwest), Iceland and Normandy to Scandinavia and Russia, in male and female graves, hoards and settlement sites. Over a dozen English examples are known, mostly of silver and some of which may have been made in the Danelaw. Examples include three from Leconfield, East Yorkshire, Essex, and Wetwang, East Yorkshire, reported as potential Treasure in 1998 and 2002 (L. Webster, 2000, \"Leconfield (1), East Yorkshire: Viking-period silver Thor's hammer\", Treasure Annual Report 1998-1999, Department for Culture, Media and Sport, p. 52, no. 88; 2002\/T.168 and 2002\/T.266). One from Great Witchingham, Norfolk, has a gold insert (Treasure Annual Report 2003, no. 98) and is illustrated together with other hammer pendants from Norfolk, at least two of which have perforated and broken ends, by R. Hall (2007, Exploring the World of the Vikings, London, p. 107; in lit., J. Graham-Campbell). The English ones are mostly plain, or simply decorated, e.g. the silver example from the Cuerdale hoard, Lancs. of the late 9th\/beginning of the 10th century, which has a long shaft and also ends in a loop rather than a hole for suspension (E. Hawkins, 1847, \"An account of coins and treasure found in Cuerdale\", Archaeological Journal, 4, pp. 111-30, fig. 85).<\/p>\n\n Dimensions: Thickness: 3.4 mm (apex of hammerhead - midpoint), 3.78mm (base of hammerhead - midpoint) 4.19mm\/4.42mm (ends of hammerhead) Width: 29.13mm (hammerhead end-to-end) Length: 39.01mm (hammerhead apex to tip of shaft), Weight: 7.4g.<\/p>\n\n As the object is more than 10% precious metal and more than 300 years old, it fulfils the requirements of the 1996 Treasure Act.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-11-22 16:38:39","updated":"2012-04-17 12:54:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":"1","objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2011-11-11","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":"During searching as part of Torksey Research in conjuction with Uni of York","museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":"3","createdBy":"1100","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":"Regional importance","username":"cburrill2","fullname":"Charlotte Burrill","institution":"DENO","usernameUpdate":"cburrill2","fullnameUpdate":"Charlotte Burrill","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Cast","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":"Good","cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"LINCOLNSHIRE","district":"WEST LINDSEY","knownas":"Torksey Area","gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"WMID-0B3FC7","id":"462461","uniqueID":"PAS4E70B3FC001D1A","objecttype":"INGOT","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"17","height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2011T555","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"410","numdate2":"1100","culture":null,"description":" Potential find of Treasure: Early Medieval hacksilver ingot terminal<\/p>\n Ref.: 2011 T555<\/p>\n (Rec. no. 7623)<\/p>\n The find consists of one end cut and broken from a cigar-shaped ingot , which has been hammered flat on the top and bottom surfaces; length, 17mm. Cigar-shaped ingots are typical of the Late Saxon\/Viking period, although an earlier date could not be excluded.<\/p>\n The ingot terminal from Swinfen and Packington CP would therefore qualify as Treasure under two of the stipulated criteria of the Treasure Act: it is more than 300 years old and the precious metal content exceeds 10%.<\/p>\n There is no British Museum interest.<\/p>\n B.M. Ager<\/p>\n Curator 30\/4\/2012<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-09-14 15:02:37","updated":"2012-05-25 12:07:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2011-06-05","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"81","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"tbrindle","fullname":"Tom Brindle","institution":"WMID","usernameUpdate":"tbrindle","fullnameUpdate":"Tom Brindle","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Cast","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Incomplete","preservation":"Fair","cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"STAFFORDSHIRE","district":"LICHFIELD","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":"From Finder"},{"old_findID":"KENT-176AE1","id":"455901","uniqueID":"PAS4E3176AE00115A","objecttype":"FINGER RING","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":"3.7","diameter":"8.5","quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2011T443","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"650","numdate2":"800","culture":"Anglo-Saxon","description":" Description<\/p>\n Small circular setting made of gold and enclosing a circular dark-coloured cabochon-cut inlay, glass. There is a gold backplate, to which is soldered a tripartite border of a pair of plain gold wires flanking a neatly beaded central gold wire; the beads are c. 0.5mm in diameter. This border covers the join between the backplate and a vertical gold collar, which is curved slightly to fit tightly around the cabochon setting. The backplate has a central hole c. 2.5mm across, probably resulting from a central fixing being torn away. The hole is now filled with earth. The visible part of the glass setting is c. 4.5mm in diameter. Total diameter 8.5 mm, thickness 3.7mm. Weight 0.69g.<\/p>\n Discussion<\/p>\n Similar glass bosses can be seen on a range of seventh-and eighth-century items (Wilson 1964, 17). Seventh-century items such as linked pins, however, usually have projecting attachment devices; and bosses on brooches, for example, are not usually made as separate components.<\/p>\n Eighth-century items appear to be more often made as separate components. The Witham linked pins, for example (Wilson 1964, no. 19) have central bosses made from gilded silver and originally containing glass, of approximately similar size, and attached by means of a single central rivet on the reverse (Wilson 1964, 132). Their collars consist of a twisted wire flanked by a pair of plain wires.<\/p>\n A silver and blue glass stud 14mm in diameter, with two prongs protruding from its reverse, is illustrated in Hall 1984, 32-33, with an outer border of beaded and an inner border of twisted wires. The Ormside bowl, of mid to late 8th-century date, has similar bosses, set either with blue glass or with silver domes, and with a variety of beaded and twisted wire collars. The 28 blue glass bosses on the lost 8th-century Witham hanging bowl appear, from surviving illustrations, to be similar again. They are 11mm in total diameter, with three or four rings of similarly chunky wires, all beaded or twisted.. The central glass settings are small on one illustration (Graham-Campbell 2004, fig. 2) but rather more conventionally sized (approximately 6-7mm) in the other (fig. 6). The double prongs are matched on a blue glass stud from the 'Ainsbrook' hoard, now in the British Museum (accession no. 2006,1203.1; TAR 2004, 91); this hoard is coin-dated to the last quarter of the 9th century.<\/p>\n The Gravesend Cross (Wilson 1964, no. 20) has a much larger (22mm diameter) glass-set mount in its centre, attached by two rivets on the reverse, with cabled inlay and a complex filigree surround. It was found in a hoard coin-dated to 872, but may well have been made in the 8th century (Wilson 1964, 17).<\/p>\n In conclusion, the style of this very well-made piece places it in the seventh or, more likely, the eighth century, and it may have come from any of several items including pins or other jewellery, or a vessel.<\/p>\n References<\/strong><\/p>\n Graham-Campbell, J., 2004. 'On the Witham bowl', Antiquaries Journal 84, 358-71.<\/p>\n Hall, R., 1984. The Viking Dig.<\/p>\n Wilson, D. M., 1964. Anglo-Saxon Ornamental Metalwork 700-1100 in the British Museum<\/p>","notes":" Thanks to Barry Ager for his help with finding parallels for this object.<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n Non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis of the surface of the metal setting for a red gem from Cliffe Woods, Kent, indicated a gold content of 82-86%, silver content of 11-13%, the remainder being copper. The red gem was identified by Raman spectroscopy and XRF as glass. The object weighs 0.68 grams.<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2011-07-28 15:48:14","updated":"2012-04-30 11:39:41","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":null,"datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"10","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"2","subPeriodTo":"2","createdBy":"750","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"jjackson","fullname":"Jen Jackson","institution":"KENT","usernameUpdate":"cbarton","fullnameUpdate":"Caroline Barton","primaryMaterial":"Gold","secondaryMaterial":"Glass","decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Incomplete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"KENT","district":"MEDWAY","knownas":"Cliffe","gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"PAS-E28BA7","id":"444226","uniqueID":"PAS4DDE28BA001DF8","objecttype":"STRAP END","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"36","height":null,"width":"10","thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2009T708","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":null,"numdate2":null,"culture":"Anglo-Saxon","description":" A complete Late-Saxon silver strap-end. The two rivets have been retained in situ. The piece shows a highly stylized animal-head terminal as well as geometrical decoration along both sides. The latter consists of a rocker-pattern in between two parallel lines.<\/p>\n The strap-end clearly fits into Thomas Class A, Type 2. Strap-ends of this type are believed to have originated in the 8th century and continue into the 10th century. They are however mainly recovered from 9th-century contexts.<\/p>\n Thomas G. 2003 Late Anglo-Saxon and Viking-Age Strap-Ends 750-1100: Part 1 (The Finds Research Group AD700-1700. Datasheet 32). The find was recovered during the preliminary metal detector survey of a ?medieval ditch, during archaeological excavation on the site of Warden Bay, Isle of Sheppey, prior to development. The strap-end was recovered 400mm below (stripped) surface.<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n","reuse":null,"created":"2011-05-26 11:17:31","updated":"2011-05-26 11:23:00","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2009-11-24","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"17","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"3072","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"hlouth","fullname":"Harriet Louth","institution":"PAS","usernameUpdate":"hlouth","fullnameUpdate":"Harriet Louth","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector during controlled archaeological investigation","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"KENT","district":"SWALE","knownas":"Sheppey","gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"LANCUM-80A304","id":"440107","uniqueID":"PAS4DB80A300018A5","objecttype":"HOARD","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"92","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2011T283","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"950","numdate2":"1000","culture":null,"description":" A Viking age hoard consisting of 79 coins (22 of which are fragments) and 13 silver ingot fragments. For records of the individual coins and objects, use the 'Advanced Search' drop-down, and then tick the box for 'Treasure Case'. Input the number 2011T283. This will bring up all of the records. <\/p>\n DISCUSSION The non-numismatic items in the hoard are all of diagnostically Viking manufacture and\/or show typically Viking secondary treatment in the form of hacking into pieces for use as bullion, or test marks to establish the quality of the silver. Some of these pieces are generically Viking, while others have particular parallels in Viking finds from northern England, Scotland and around the Irish Sea. The coins come from a mixture of sources, predominantly Anglo-Saxon pennies, with a smaller number of Anglo-Viking pennies, and two Islamic dirhams. This mixture of coin types is again typically Viking, as is the combination of coinage and non-numismatic silver in a single hoard, and there is no reason to doubt that all of the objects reported derive from a single hoard. Both the likely date of deposition and the precious metal contents where these can be ascertained fit clearly with the criteria of the Treasure Act (1996). It is therefore our recommendation that the hoard should be considered as Treasure under the terms of the Act.<\/span><\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2011-04-27 13:21:04","updated":"2012-05-15 16:12:18","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":"1","objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2011-04-24","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"18","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":"3","createdBy":"188","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":"Regional importance","username":"dboughton","fullname":"Dot Boughton","institution":"LANCUM","usernameUpdate":"ianr","fullnameUpdate":"Ian Richardson","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Struck or hammered","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"CUMBRIA","district":"BARROW IN FURNESS","knownas":"Furness","gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"YORYM-6B78D4","id":"438507","uniqueID":"PAS4DA6B78D00188D","objecttype":"UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"11.3","height":null,"width":"7.6","thickness":"1.5","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2011T250","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"875","numdate2":"1000","culture":"Viking","description":" Description: A semi-circular fragment of silver plate of uncertain function. The fragment is an irregular semi-circular shape with one straight edge thickened, and the other edges very thin and with hammer marks. The centre of the front is decorated with five small punched triangular shapes set in a row, flanked on either side by three fine grooves; the right-hand group of three grooves is overlain by another oblique groove which looks like an error. The reverse is undecorated. It measures 11.5mm parallel to the straight edge and 7.6mm perpendicular to it; it is a maximum of 1.5mm thick. It weighs 0.5g.<\/p>\n Discussion: This fragment is of early-medieval date. Although it was found near an early Anglo-Saxon cremation cemetery, it is more likely to be part of a Viking-age object, similar to 2011T249 (YORYM-6B67B2) found nearby.<\/p>\n The object fulfils the Treasure Act (1996) in that it is more than 300 years old and has a precious metal content exceeding 10%.<\/p>\n Dimensions: Weight: 0.4g, 11.3mm x 7.6mm x 1.5mm.<\/p>\n Helen Geake The object fulfils the Treasure Act (1996) in that it is more than 300 years old and has a precious metal content exceeding 10%.<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2011-04-14 09:59:57","updated":"2011-10-03 11:13:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2010-09-30","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"1201","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"bmorris","fullname":"Rebecca Griffiths","institution":"YORYM","usernameUpdate":"bmorris","fullnameUpdate":"Rebecca Griffiths","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Fragment","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE","district":"EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE","knownas":"Near Bridlington","gridRefSource":"From Finder"},{"old_findID":"YORYM-6B67B2","id":"438505","uniqueID":"PAS4DA6B67B0012FE","objecttype":"FINGER RING","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"13.4","height":null,"width":"8.6","thickness":"1.1","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2011T249","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"875","numdate2":"1000","culture":"Viking","description":" Description: The object fulfils the Treasure Act (1996) in that it is more than 300 years old and has a precious metal content exceeding 10%.<\/p>\n Dimensions: Weight: 0.7g, 13.4mm x 8.6mm x 1.1mm.<\/p>\n Helen Geake The object fulfils the Treasure Act (1996) in that it is more than 300 years old and has a precious metal content exceeding 10%.<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2011-04-14 09:55:23","updated":"2011-10-31 12:53:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"2","datefound1":"2010-09-30","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"2","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"1201","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"bmorris","fullname":"Rebecca Griffiths","institution":"YORYM","usernameUpdate":"bmorris","fullnameUpdate":"Rebecca Griffiths","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Fragment","preservation":null,"cert":"Probably","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE","district":"EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE","knownas":"Near Bridlington","gridRefSource":"From Finder"},{"old_findID":"WMID-5C23C2","id":"425207","uniqueID":"PAS4D35C23C001484","objecttype":"FINGER RING","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2011T35","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"800","numdate2":"1000","culture":null,"description":" REPORT FOR HM CORONER Ref.: 2011 T35<\/p>\n (Rec. no. 7421)<\/p>\n Surface metal analysis conducted at the British Museum indicated an approximate silver content for the ring of 92%, with at least 6% copper and detectable amounts of lead and gold; it weighs 1.96 grams.<\/p>\n The ring is made from a lozenge-sectioned rod of silver with the ends overlapping by about 15 mm and the tapered tips each twisted once round the hoop; diameter (max) 17 mm.<\/p>\n Two rings of similar form, but of different sizes, were found in 2004 in a grave excavated at the Viking cemetery at Cumwhitton, Cumbria (Treasure Annual Report 2004, no. 90). But it is uncertain whether the small versions like Kings Newnham were made to be worn on the finger. Plain wire rings of this type (although usually of round section) are frequently found strung onto Viking bracelets dating to the late 9th and 10th centuries, e.g. from Gotland, Sweden (M. Stenberger, 1958, Die Schatzfunde Gotlands der Wikingerzeit, Stockholm, pls. 176, 4; 181, 5; 186, 11-12). Ten such rings were suspended on a bracelet from V\u00e5lse, Denmark and a ring of narrow strip rather than wire is on another from the great hoard of Viking silver found at Cuerdale, Lancashire, which was deposited around AD 905-910 (E. Hawkins, 1847, 'An account of coins and treasure found in Cuerdale', Archaeological Journal, vol. 4, pp. 111 - 130, fig. 54). Such rings could also be used to link items of jewellery, e.g. to hang strings of beads, etc., between a pair of brooches; and a pair of rings made of narrow bands of silver with the ends twisted together from the Viking-period cemetery at Fyrkat, grave 4, Denmark, have been identified as toe-rings (J. Graham-Campbell, 1980, Viking Artefacts: a select catalogue, London, no. 241). A similar, although much smaller, silver wire ring from the grave may have served to suspend a pendant (E. Roesdahl, 1977, Fyrkat. En jysk vikingeborg, II. Oldsagerne og Gravpladsen, Copenhagen, p. 140, fig. 139b).<\/p>\n The ring from Kings Newnham would therefore qualify as Treasure under two of the stipulated criteria of the Treasure Act: it is more than 300 years old and the precious metal content exceeds 10%.<\/p>\n The object is not disclaimed at either a local or a national level, since Rugby Museum has expressed an interest in acquiring it and the British Museum would attempt to do so should local efforts fail.<\/p>\n B.M. Ager<\/p>\n Curator 21\/9\/2011<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-01-18 16:39:24","updated":"2012-05-22 13:41:54","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"2","datefound1":"2010-11-01","datefound2":"2010-11-10","inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"5","objectCertainty":"2","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"81","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"tbrindle","fullname":"Tom Brindle","institution":"WMID","usernameUpdate":"tbrindle","fullnameUpdate":"Tom Brindle","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Hand made","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":"Good","cert":"Probably","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":null,"district":null,"knownas":null,"gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"DUR-7563B1","id":"420996","uniqueID":"PAS4D07563B00123C","objecttype":"INGOT","classification":"Hacksilver","subclass":null,"length":"5.35","height":null,"width":"8.96","thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2010T824","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"860","numdate2":"1000","culture":"Viking","description":" Fragment of Viking-age 'hacksilver' consisting of part of a silver ingot which is cut at both ends. It is roughly rectangular in plan and is a shallow D-shape in cross-section. Finds of hacksilver in England generally date from the late 9th or 10th centuries.<\/p>","notes":" The age and precious metal content of this item therefore qualify it as treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2010-12-14 11:34:19","updated":"2011-02-14 11:55:13","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2010-11-01","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"17","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"1004","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"frances","fullname":"Frances McIntosh","institution":"DUR","usernameUpdate":"hgeake","fullnameUpdate":"Helen Geake","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Cast","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Fragment","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"NORTH YORKSHIRE","district":"RICHMONDSHIRE","knownas":"Melsonby","gridRefSource":"From Finder"},{"old_findID":"ESS-0F72F4","id":"420219","uniqueID":"PAS4D00F72F0017B7","objecttype":"COIN HOARD","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"2","other_ref":"2010 T790","treasureID":"2010T790","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"900","numdate2":null,"culture":null,"description":" A fused lump comprising two silver pennies, heavily chipped and with some concretion adhering. The upper and lower surfaces display two obverses. Both are coins of the Vikings in the Danelaw. One is of the Orsnaforda type, probably struck in the east or south Midlands c.895-900. The other is of the St Edmund issue, struck in East Anglia or the east Midlands, c.895-918. Coins of these issues are of fine silver (90% or more). The pair of coins was probably lost or deposited c.900. Obv. 1 : OR4N0 \/ [ ]LFRED[ ] \/ [ ]D\u00e3, in three lines. Orsnaforda type Obv. 2: [ ]4CE[ ], top bar of the central 0 within an inner circle. St Edmund type Wt. 2.84 g, fused lump. This pair of coins is of considerable historical interest. Previously the Orsnaforda type is only known to have been found in the major hoard from Cuerdale, Lancs. in 1840, deposited c.905, and from one single-find from the River Ouse in York, found c.1740 (now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford). This discovery in north Essex therefore extends the area over which the coinage is known to have circulated. It also reinforces links with Shelford (Cambs.), only eight miles from Little Chesterford, and where the Vikings are known to have struck a very rare issue of coins in the name of an Earl Sihtric that copy the Orsnaforda issue. It is possible that the Orsnaforda type was a local issue from this area. The combination with a coin of the St Edmund type is not unexpected, but it does help to confirm the provisional dating that had been put on these two issues overlapping at the end of the ninth century.<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n Mark Blackburn Treasure Status: As a pair of silver coins, lost together c.900, this lump would appear to be Treasure.<\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2010-12-09 15:35:11","updated":"2011-02-14 14:32:05","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":null,"datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"202","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"lmclean","fullname":"Laura McLean","institution":"ESS","usernameUpdate":"lmclean","fullnameUpdate":"Laura McLean","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"ESSEX","district":"UTTLESFORD","knownas":"Little Chesterford","gridRefSource":"From Finder"},{"old_findID":"ESS-BE9A25","id":"417245","uniqueID":"PAS4CEBE9A200195C","objecttype":"STRAP END","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"32.36","height":null,"width":"20.56","thickness":"4.96","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"Colchester OEF 6392","treasureID":"2010T755","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"850","numdate2":"1000","culture":"Carolingian","description":" Treasure Case 2010 T755: Early Medieval silver strap-end<\/strong><\/p>\n Date of Discovery:<\/strong> 26th<\/sup> September 2010<\/p>\n Circumstances of discovery:<\/strong> Whilst searching with a metal detector at a rally.<\/p>\n Date<\/strong>: Early Medieval (mid 9th<\/sup> to 10th<\/sup> century)<\/p>\n Description:<\/strong> Gilded silver strap-end with Carolingian-style relief decoration and niello embellishments. The strap-end is U-shaped or tongue-shaped, with straight sides and attachment end, and a curved terminal end. The front is convex and the reverse is concave. The spaces to either side of these central motifs are filled with two pairs of S-shaped motifs, perhaps intended as animals; the upper loop of each S appears to be shaped like an open mouth, with perhaps serrated teeth, and the lower loop has nielloed dot decoration. Above the upper rectangular panel is a rounded flat-topped pellet, with perhaps another to each side, with no dots; on each side there is then a diagonal line, decorated with four nielloed dots. At the top is an irregular zig-zag line, slimmer than the other motifs and without dots. The whole may represent a symmetrical plant between animals.<\/p>\n The strap-end appears to have been cast with the attachment end much flatter than the rest of the object; it sits at the level from which the high relief rises. If there ever was a split end here, the front half has been broken away in antiquity and the break smoothed down. The attachment arrangements, however, do not appear to have been satisfactory, as there is a separate, very thin, horizontal strip of silver (now incomplete) across the front of the attachment end which is held by three silver rivets. The central rivet is different in character (smaller, with a flatter head and a more domed reverse) and so may be a replacement; this rivet is also retaining two squares of thin silver sheet, which may be the ends of a now-broken single vertical silver strip which may originally have looked or functioned like a suspension loop. This vertical strip appears to be overlying the horizontal strip running between and being held by the other two rivets.<\/p>\n This object fits into a small but growing group of gilded silver and nielloed dress accessories with Carolingian-style decoration, such as mounts YORYM-EAF943 and SF-E2FFD6; they are dated to the second half of the 9th or the 10th century, c. 850-c. 1000. Barry Ager (British Museum) has commented that the vertical silver strip riveted to the top may be evidence for re-use as a pendant in the Viking period. Parallels come from the re-used rectangular Carolingian strap-ends in the Duesminde hoard, Denmark (E. Wamers & M. Brandt, eds., 2005, 'Die Macht des Silbers. Karolingische Sch\u00e4tze im Norden', cat. nos. 36d.1-4).<\/p>\n Dimensions<\/strong>: Length:32.36mm Width: 20.56mm Thickness: 4.96mm Weight: 13.57g<\/p>\n Disposition<\/strong>: To be confirmed<\/p>\n The object contains a minimum of 10% precious metal and is over 300 years old. Consequently it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996 in terms of both age and precious metal content.<\/p>\n Report by:<\/strong> Laura McLean, Essex Finds Liaison Officer, Colchester & Ipswich Museum Service. February 2011<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":"suspension loop added","created":"2010-11-23 16:19:46","updated":"2011-09-19 12:29:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2010-09-26","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"202","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"lmclean","fullname":"Laura McLean","institution":"ESS","usernameUpdate":"lmclean","fullnameUpdate":"Laura McLean","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":"Gold","decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":"Inlaid with niello","completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"SUFFOLK","district":"BABERGH","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"SWYOR-C79E28","id":"409188","uniqueID":"PAS4CAC79E2001F99","objecttype":"INGOT","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"52.95","height":null,"width":"9.26","thickness":"6.3","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"PAS form number 567","treasureID":"2010T592","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"850","numdate2":"1000","culture":"Viking","description":"\n A silver ingot probably dating from the Early Medieval period, about 850 - 1000 AD. The silver ingot is cigar-shaped with rounded ends (one tapered to a rounded point). Areas of the top, sides and bottom have been hammered flat in antiquity and there are several testing marks along both sides. There are also scratches and abrasions on all sides in the middle of the ingot, but the ends are smoother and may have been lightly polished.<\/p>\n The form and testing cuts are typical of ingots of the Viking period found in Scandinavia and on the Continent, as well as in the British Isles, dating here mainly from the late 9th\/10th century. Parallels can be found, for instance, in the well-known Viking silver hoard from Cuerdale, Lancashire, which was deposited around 905-910. Compare also 2009 T194 (WMID-F6EEF0), 2009 T478 (NCL-7D6F54) and 2008T566 (WMID-9F9B50). This ingot would therefore qualify as Treasure under two of the stipulated criteria of the Treasure Act: it is more than 300 years old and the precious metal content exceeds 10%.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2010-10-06 14:30:11","updated":"2011-06-13 09:29:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2010-10-02","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"23","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"516","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"acooper","fullname":"Amy Downes","institution":"SWYOR","usernameUpdate":"acooper","fullnameUpdate":"Amy Downes","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Cast","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":"Good","cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"WEST YORKSHIRE","district":"KIRKLEES","knownas":"Denby Dale","gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"NLM-D6A974","id":"398668","uniqueID":"PAS4C3D6A9700173A","objecttype":"INGOT","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"30.4","height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NLM15099","treasureID":"2008 T7","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"850","numdate2":"1050","culture":"Anglo-Scandinavian","description":" A cast silver ingot hammered into a rectangular bar of slightly rounded rectangular section with faceted edges; length, 30.4 mm. One face shows file marks and a deep cut in one edge and one long side has a testing nick made with the point of a knife or chisel, which is typical of ingots of the Viking period.<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n This report was kindly prepared by B.M. Ager of the British Museum.<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n Subsequent Action - Donated to North Lincolnshire Museum<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2010-07-14 08:43:20","updated":"2010-08-17 17:58:00","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2007-10-01","datefound2":"2008-03-01","inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"3","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"1055","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"mforeman","fullname":"Martin Foreman","institution":"NLM","usernameUpdate":"cbarton","fullnameUpdate":"Caroline Barton","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Cast","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":"Good","cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","periodTo":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE","district":"NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE","knownas":"Barton upon Humber","gridRefSource":"From Finder"},{"old_findID":"CAM-A32F23","id":"394311","uniqueID":"PAS4C1A32F200153A","objecttype":"FINGER RING","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":"26","quantity":"1","other_ref":null,"treasureID":"2008T141","broadperiod":"EARLY MEDIEVAL","numdate1":null,"numdate2":null,"culture":null,"description":"
\nDepartment of Prehistory & Europe
\nBritish Museum<\/p>\n
\n <\/p>","notes":"
\nThe find constitutes Treasure under the stipulations of Treasure Act 1996, both in terms of age and as the silver content is greater than 10 %.<\/p>
\nA number of comparable Viking hoards have been recorded from tenth-century England, although typically they date from the first three decades of the century, around or before the unification of England under Athelstan in AD 927 (G. Williams, 'Viking Hoards of the Northern Danelaw from Cuerdale to the Vale of York', in J. Graham-Campbell & R. Philpott (eds) 2009, The Huxley Viking Hoard. Scandinavian Settlement in the North West, Liverpool Museum, Liverpool, 73-83). Although a few of the coins (and perhaps some of the non-numismatic objects) date from the early tenth century, both the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Viking coins show a concentration in the 940s and 950s, reflecting in part the resurgence of Viking power in northern England at this time, culminating in the death of Eirik Haraldsson (normally identified with Eirik Bloodaxe of Norway) in 954 (G. Williams 2010, Eirik Bloodaxe, Saga Bok, Kernavik). However, the presence of a significant number of coins from the end of the reign of Eadred (946-55), and from the reign of Eadwig (955-59), combined with the absence of any coins of his younger brother Eadgar (957\/959-975), suggests a deposition date of c. 955-57, after the Viking resurgence had been suppressed. In particular, the hoard shows a continued influx of coins minted in York and\/or the East Midlands after the death of Eirik in 954. This is an unusually late date for a Viking hoard from northern England, but western Cumbria almost certainly still lay beyond the borders of the emerging kingdom of England at this time, and the hoard shows greater affinities with Viking hoards of the same period from Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man, reflecting the proximity of the Furness area to the economic area of the Irish Sea, as well as the strong evidence for Viking settlement across the north-west in the form of place-names, sculpture and other hoards (J. Graham-Campbell & R. Philpott (eds) 2009, The Huxley Viking Hoard. Scandinavian Settlement in the North West, Liverpool Museum, Liverpool, passim). Within the relatively loosely-controlled bullion economy of this region, this type of material may have circulated longer without being refreshed by more recent coins than would have been possible within the kingdom of England itself, and deposition anywhere within the period 955-c.965 seems plausible, although it is more like that the hoard was deposited towards the earlier end of this period.
\nThree of the non-numismatic items have been tested for silver content by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis (see Appendix 1 below), in each case revealing a silver content in excess of 90%, far in excess of the threshold of 10% required to meet the terms of the Treasure Act (1996). None of the coins from the hoard have been analysed, but all of the coin types represented within the hoard routinely have a very high silver content, in the same general region as the items tested here.<\/p>","notes":"
\nNational Finds Advisor<\/p>","notes":"
\nA rectangular strip of silver, broken diagonally at both ends; both of the breaks are fresh and irregular. The long edges of the front of the plate are decorated with punched triangles, but the surface is very worn and the decoration is now almost invisible. The reverse is undecorated. The strip is 8.6mm wide and 13.7mm in surviving length; it is 1.0mm thick. It weighs 0.7g<\/p>\n
\nDiscussion: This fragment is of early-medieval date. Although it was found near an early Anglo-Saxon cremation cemetery, it is more likely to be part of a Viking-age finger-ring, similar to a stamped and grooved example from Grindale, East Yorkshire (YORYM-8F9D92; 2007T180; TAR2007, no. 210), and late 9th or 10th century (c. 875-1000 AD) in date.<\/p>\n
\nNational Finds Advisor<\/p>","notes":"
\nPotential find of Treasure: Viking silver ring from Kings Newnham, Warwickshire<\/p>\n
\nDepartment of Prehistory & Europe
\nBritish Museum<\/p>\n
\n16 October 2010<\/p>","notes":"
\nThe front is decorated with a symmetrical design in high relief, surrounded by a narrow, flat border which is decorated by a row of niello-inlaid dots. The lower parts of the design are gilded - traces can be seen beneath the concealing soil - but the higher parts do not have any evidence of original gilding, and the niello dots (see below) may argue against this.
\nThe design consists of a pair of motifs rather like upside-down fleurs-de-lis in the centre, each with a rectangular panel from which three lobes emerge. Each lobe has a single nielloed dot. The upper rectangular panel has three faint dots, but the lower one has none; however, these are the highest points of the decoration and are rather rubbed with diagonal scratch marks visible, so the dots may be worn away. Below the central lobe of the lower lis-like motif is a rectangular stem with three nielloed dots; this stem extends to the end of the strap-end.<\/p>\n