Medieval silver coin<\/p>\n
PENNY OF STEPHEN (1135-54) of 'Watford' type, c.1140; Swansea mint, moneyer Henri? Obverse: + [ST]IEFN[E REIS] (S and N retrograde) Crowned bust to r., sceptre in front; small cross behind neck Reverse: [ ]E[ ]E \u00b7 ON[ ] Cross Moline with a fleur in each angle Little of the reverse legend is visible, but the obverse die is shared with two specimens from the 1980 Coed-y-Wenallt (Cardiff) hoard (Boon 1986, p.74, nos 19-20), which bear the mint signature 'Swensi'; on one the moneyer's name is rendered as 'Eini', interpreted as 'Henri', the only named moneyer known for the mint. Weight: 1.081g; die axis cannot be determined. Swansea appears to have operated as an emergency mint during the 'Anarchy', its coins providing the earliest evidence for the town's name. Coins were struck in Stephen's name and that of a baron, Henri de Neubourg. A possible specimen of Stephen's second substantive type from Swansea was found in the Gower in 2003, but insufficient of the legends could be read to confirm the attribution. Boon, G.C. 1986. Welsh Hoards1979-1981 (Cardiff, National Museum of Wales) 'Coin Register 2003', in British Numismatic Journal 74 (2004), p.223, no.289.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2012-04-04 11:36:36","updated":"2012-04-30 17:33:36","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":"1","objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2011-10-18","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":"Crowned bust to r., sceptre in front; small cross behind neck","obverse_inscription":"+ [ST]IEFN[E REIS]","reverse_description":"Cross Moline with a fleur in each angle","reverse_inscription":"[ ]E[ ]E \u2022 ON[ ]","denomination":"Penny","degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":"2","typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":"1","reason":"Regional importance","username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"mlodwick","fullnameUpdate":"Mark Lodwick","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Struck or hammered","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":"Stephen of England","ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":"Swansea (?)","wear":null,"category":"Coin of Norman and Early Plantagenet England 1066-1180","type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"VALE OF GLAMORGAN","district":"Vale of Glamorgan","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"NMGW-C14CE7","id":"496854","uniqueID":"PAS4F7C14CE001E79","objecttype":"KNIFE","classification":"Handle","subclass":null,"length":"61.8","height":null,"width":"31.6","thickness":"18.8","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA 2011.215.1","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"ROMAN","numdate1":null,"numdate2":null,"culture":null,"description":"
Roman copper alloy anthropomorphic and zoomorphic handle<\/p>\n
The handle appears to be near-complete, with some damage to the socket and crushing on one face (with a length of 61.8mm, a maximum width of 31.6mm and a thickness of 18.8mm). The handle is comparatively heavy (at 83.6g) and is either composed of a heavily-leaded bronze or the socket contains lead, presumably as the remnants for a fixing. The decoration comprises a human face on each side, facing in opposite directions and adorned with elaborate headgear, which depicts a boar's head. The two faces vary considerably in style; one side may be young or female, while the other is an older, mature male. Both faces are depicted in a naturalistic style; the young face has pointed oval eyes with the right eye containing a central dot, while the left eye has a dot positioned at the top of the eye. The eyes on the older male are also depicted differently, where the left eye has an additional lateral incised line, making it appear narrower. The hairline is stepped to the brow on both faces and the hair is depicted as curvilinear incised marks. The older face is depicted with a moustache, long beard and furrowed brow, also defined by curvilinear incised marks. The nose is raised on both faces. The stepped hairline of the older face also represents the lower jaw line of the boar's head. The boar is also depicted in a naturalistic style; the sub-triangular ears are raised as a central ridge depicting the mane, enhanced with incised lines. Both pointed oval eyes contain a central punched dot. The snout at the terminal has an encircling groove, with a more prominent groove, depicting the mouth, slightly opened. A circular aperture (of 4.0mm diameter) perforates the snout, with wear or deep rubbing marks above and below, suggesting its use for suspension. Between the terminal and aperture, moulded triangular tusks are depicted, largely destroyed on one face by the suspension scars. The socket is oval (11.3mm x 6.8mm and 33.2mm deep) and had a raised border preserved at the base of the neck below each face but is torn, damaged and crushed on each side. The surface is worn but is well preserved with a dark-green patina.<\/p>\n \nMetallurgical analysis was conducted using X-ray fluorescence, demonstrating that the metal is a leaded bronze consistent with Romano-British alloys and alloys of other periods.\n \nThe handle is difficult to closely parallel in the archaeological literature. It would seem likely that the iconography on the handle contains symbolism, now difficult to ascertain. It is possible that the joined opposing faces represent both opposition and duality. Similar iconography is commonly represented on depictions of Janus, facing both into the future and the past and possibly here represented as both an old and young man. Furthermore, the iconography of Janus is linked with transitions, doorways and boundaries and therefore the possible function of the handle as a key handle is of particular relevance. The significance of the boar however is not obviously linked to Janus. Classical depictions of a bearded Silenus sometimes incorporate a younger, opposing face of Bacchus or Dionysus and Silunus is also linked with animal iconography and attributes, sometimes associated with a horse although, not generally with a boar. Depictions of Silenus with opposing heads are sometimes represented on gemstones from finger rings (Henig 1978, nos 373-380)[1]<\/a>, including examples with Minerva in a crested helmet, pan or a youthful head. Other representations include an elephant's head or a third head with elephant's tusks (ibid. nos 379-8). The treatment of the eyes, if deliberate is also difficult to interpret. The 'opposed head' has been adressed by Amit (2009)[2]<\/a> in relation to earlier La T\u00e8ne art, who argues that depictions of death are often portrayed through the treatment of the eyes on opposing heads. Amit (ibid.) references a cast bronze fibula from Niedersch\u00f6nhausen, Germany depicting a young male joined to an older bearded male with a conjoined ram's head and suggests that the iconography represents different states of being, possibly incorporating spirits or ancestors.\n Roman copper alloy lozenge plate brooch of 2nd<\/sup> century AD date and probably of Repouss\u00e9 mounted type<\/p>\n The plate brooch is of lozenge form, without lugs and is missing the pin and decorative panel (with a length of 38.2mm, a width of 27.2mm and a weight of 7.4g). The missing pin was hinged between twin D-shaped lugs, positioned adjacent to the apex of the rear. The catch-plate remains in place near the base of the rear (giving the brooch a depth of 8.7mm). The rear is slightly convex across its width. The front of the brooch has a raised border (1.9mm from the edge and 0.8mm high), inside of which is a white deposit, possibly the remains of an adhesive or the heavily-corroded remains of a decorative sheet metal plate, as on Repouss\u00e9 mounted brooches. No evidence of the decorative motif survives and there is no suggestion of further raised borders inside the panel or a central boss. The surface has a pale green-grey patina and may have been tinned or silvered.<\/p>\n","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-11-28 11:44:48","updated":"2011-11-28 11:56:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2010-06-23","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"mlodwick","fullnameUpdate":"Mark Lodwick","primaryMaterial":"Copper alloy","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Incomplete","preservation":"Corroded","cert":"Certain","periodFrom":"ROMAN","periodTo":"ROMAN","discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"VALE OF GLAMORGAN","district":"Vale of Glamorgan","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"NMGW-F7CBA4","id":"444496","uniqueID":"PAS4DDF7CBA0017C1","objecttype":"FINGER RING","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":"5.59","thickness":"0.9","diameter":"15.9","quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA 2009 T713","treasureID":"2009T713","broadperiod":"MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"1100","numdate2":"1200","culture":null,"description":" The finger-ring is near-complete, missing only some of the inlay. The hoop has a comparatively small diameter and is of rectangular section, with straight sides, which gradually diverge from the base to the bezel. The base of the hoop is undecorated while the remainder is decorated with three panels. Each side of the hoop is decorated with a trapezoidal panel containing a cross with wide terminals (Patee Cross). The area around the cross is recessed with some surviving traces of inlaid niello. Above and below the trapezoidal panels are rows of punched marks, defining the ends of a convex section. The bezel comprises a square panel containing four crosses, each made-up of lozenge-shaped arms. Traces of niello also survive in one corner of the recessed areas surounding the crosses.<\/p>\n The finger-ring form can be closely paralleled with medieval, 12th century examples. In 2005 a very similar 12th century finger-ring from Highnam in Gloucestershire was reported under the Treasure Act (Robinson, 2008, 114, No. 400). The Highnam finger-ring has a very similar bezel design but differs in the applied decoration to the shoulders. A further treasure case in 2004 from Climping in West Sussex (Nenk, 2007a, p 102, no. 174) records a fragmentary finger-ring of 12th or early 13th century date, again with a similar bezel but with a moulded zoomorphic device on the shoulders. Also in 2004, a similar finger-ring was recorded from Tysoe in Warwickshire (Nenk, 2007b, p 101, No 169) of 12th century date. The Tysoe example had square pellets surrounded by niello in the bezel and a single cross of differing designs on the shoulders. 1\/10\/10 TVC valuation: \u00a3250<\/span><\/p>","reuse":null,"created":"2011-05-27 11:28:10","updated":"2012-03-02 12:56:00","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2009-11-03","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"5","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"jparol","fullnameUpdate":"Janina Parol","primaryMaterial":"Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":"Inlaid with niello","completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"HEREFORDSHIRE","district":"HEREFORDSHIRE","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"NMGW-D01B40","id":"442046","uniqueID":"PAS4DCD01B400107F","objecttype":"Coin","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA2011.81","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"MEDIEVAL","numdate1":"1488","numdate2":"1489","culture":null,"description":" Gold Angel of Henry VII, London mint, type II (no mint-mark), c. 1488-9; North (1991), no.1695.<\/p>\n Gold coin of 23 ct 3\u00bd grains (0.995 fine) weighing 80 grains and current for 6s 8d, was introduced by Edward IV in 1465. Early angels depicted St Michael as a feathered being, as on this specimen. The obverse die of this coin was damaged, apparently somewhat worn and rusty when the coin was struck.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-05-13 11:02:29","updated":"2011-06-04 15:09:45","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":"1","objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2011-04-10","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":"St Michael, facing, with one foot on a dragon which he stabs with a spear. Same obverse die as Woodhead (1996), nos 511-12.\r\n\r\nSmall saltire crosses at beginning and end, stops are trefoils and the \u2018&\u2019 takes the form of a reversed Z (Henry by the Grace of God King of England & France, Lord [of Ireland])","obverse_inscription":"x HENRIC \u2022 DI \u2022 GRA \u2022 REX \u2022 ANGL \u2022 & \u2022 FRANC \u2022 DNS \u2022 x ","reverse_description":"Ship to right as viewed, its mast bearing a cross and the royal arms; h and a rose to l. and r. of mast.\r\n\r\nStops are trefoils (Per crucem tuam salva nos Christe redemptor: By thy cross, save us, O Christ, our redeemer)","reverse_inscription":"PER CRVC \u2022 TVA\u2032 \u2022 SALVA \u2022 NOS \u2022 XPC\u2032 \u2022 REDETOR [stops are trefoils] (Per crucem tuam salva nos Christe redemptor: By thy cross, save us, O Christ, our redeemer)","denomination":"Angel","degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":"10","wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":"16","typeID":"3264","tribeID":null,"status":"Regular","rulerQualifier":"1","denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":"1","reason":"Include in MedArch","username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"jnaylor","fullnameUpdate":"John Naylor","primaryMaterial":"Gold","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Struck or hammered","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":"London (Tower)","wear":null,"category":"English coin Late Medieval 1377 - 1489","type":"Angel: Henry VII (N 1694-1698)","reverseType":null,"county":"WARWICKSHIRE","district":"STRATFORD ON AVON","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"NMGW-23DC38","id":"434379","uniqueID":"PAS4D823DC3001FD6","objecttype":"COIN","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA 2010.77.1","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"ROMAN","numdate1":"249","numdate2":"251","culture":null,"description":" Roman silver coin<\/p>\n\n Divus (Antoninus) Pius<\/p>\n\n Radiate, commemorative from the time of Trajan Decius (AD 249-51)<\/p>\n\n Rome mint<\/p>\n\n RIC Decius 90<\/p>\n\n 4.39g<\/p>\n\n\n\n belonging to a scarce series in the names of deified former emperors, issued during the reign of Trajan Decius (AD 249-51). Divo Pio = dative case ('to the divine Pius' = Antoninus Pius). They turn up in very small numbers in mid-third century hoards, and are rare as single finds in Britain.<\/p>\n","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-03-17 16:58:44","updated":"2011-03-17 17:36:00","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":null,"datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":"Found in early 1990's","museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"2","dateToCertainty":"3","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":"Alter","reverse_inscription":"Consecratio","denomination":"Radiate (antoninianus)","degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":"12","die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":"Regular","rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":"1","mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":"1","reason":null,"username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"mlodwick","fullnameUpdate":"Mark Lodwick","primaryMaterial":"Base Silver","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":"Struck or hammered","surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":"Trajan Decius","ruler2":null,"period_name":"Period 12","date_range":"238-260","mint_name":"Rome (Italy)","wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"VALE OF GLAMORGAN","district":"Vale of Glamorgan","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"NMGW-2362B2","id":"434370","uniqueID":"PAS4D82362B00140A","objecttype":"HARNESS FITTING","classification":"toggle \/ cheekpiece","subclass":null,"length":"115.9","height":null,"width":null,"thickness":"4.5","diameter":"15.7","quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA 2010.36","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"IRON AGE","numdate1":"0","numdate2":"100","culture":null,"description":" Iron Age enamelled copper alloy harness fitting (toggle or cheek-piece), probably of 1st century AD date Enamelled cheekpieces are known from the Polden Hill hoard (Brailsford 1975, p 230, fig. 6, plate XXI) , containing two examples, from Wooden Eckford, Roxburghshire (Macgregor 1976, no. 45) and elsewhere. Jope (2000, pp 313) states that 30 cheekpieces made of Bronze, iron, bone and antler have been recorded widely distributed across Britain. PAS have recorded a further example from Wonston in Hampshire (HAMP792) with incised decoration. A red enamelled cheekpiece has been recorded from Maescar, Powys (TAR; Gwilt, 2008, p 223, no 1225) . The closest parallel to this example was recovered from Cockshutt in Shropshire and recorded with PAS . The Shropshire example does not have disc terminals and the inlaid design varies slightly. This find represents only the second know toggle recovered from Wales and with the Maescar and Cockshutt example may be starting to show a Mid-Wales and West Midlands grouping.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-03-17 16:26:22","updated":"2011-03-17 16:43:00","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":"1","objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":null,"datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"7","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":"3","subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":"Regional importance","username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"mlodwick","fullnameUpdate":"Mark Lodwick","primaryMaterial":"Copper alloy","secondaryMaterial":"Enamel","decoration":null,"style":"Curvilinear","manufacture":"Cast","surfaceTreatment":"Inlaid with enamel","completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"POWYS","district":"Powys","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":"GPS"},{"old_findID":"NMGW-A3B6C7","id":"433298","uniqueID":"PAS4D7A3B6C001D0E","objecttype":"BUCKLE","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"32.8","height":null,"width":null,"thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMGWPA 2009.120.2","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"ROMAN","numdate1":"300","numdate2":"400","culture":null,"description":" Roman copper alloy buckle probably of 2nd to 3rd century date<\/p>\n The buckle frame is complete but the pin is missing (with a length of 32.8mm and a weight of 5.7g). The strap was attached around a rectangular slot (16.4m long and 8.2mm wide, 11.0mm x 3.2mm internal) at the rear of the buckle of rectangular section (2.0mm thick). The buckle has a minimum width (of 11.5mm) before expanding to the curved outside edge (with a maximum width of 26.5mm). The frame is of sub-triangular section (3.0m thick) and has a decorative C-scroll in the interior, flanking either side of the bar. The bar is of circular section (2.1mm - 2.5mm diameter).<\/p>\n These buckles are often referred to as 'Dolphin' buckles and the form of this buckle is of native manufacture.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2011-03-11 15:10:37","updated":"2012-05-18 13:28:00","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2009-03-31","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"sworrell","fullnameUpdate":"Sally Worrell","primaryMaterial":"Copper alloy","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"VALE OF GLAMORGAN","district":"Vale of Glamorgan","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"NMGW-218BE3","id":"420362","uniqueID":"PAS4D0218BE001642","objecttype":"RING","classification":"Lock-Ring","subclass":"Gold face plates in triangular cross-section secured by a binding strip","length":null,"height":null,"width":null,"thickness":"0.7","diameter":"32.4","quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMGW-Treasure.09.4","treasureID":"2009W4","broadperiod":"BRONZE AGE","numdate1":"-1000","numdate2":"-800","culture":null,"description":" A plain penannular gold 'lock-ring' with biconical section and a now hollow interior, which has been crumpled and distorted in the ground. The small ring, originally around 30mm in diameter, comprises two circular sheet face-plates with a thin gold wire fused to the plate join, to form an outer rim-binding. A third tube-shaped sheet (once around 9.5mm in height) defines the wall of the inner circular-shaped opening and is folded over the margins of the face-plates. The terminals defining the slot are triangular shaped in cross-section and are open.<\/p>\n Semi-quantitative surface analysis of the lock-ring indicated a composition of 86-87% gold, 8-10% silver and 3-5% copper. This single discovery extends the known distribution of lock-rings into coastal west Wales. Other discoveries of lock-rings within hoards have previously been made at Gaerwen, Anglesey and at the Pigeon's Cave on the Great Orme, Conwy, both along the northern coast of Wales. Together with particular forms of gold bracelet, these have previously suggested a possible Late Bronze Age exchange route with Ireland. The combination of constructional and stylistic features on this Newport example does not easily fit within the existing regional sub-groupings of lock-rings across Britain. The mix of both northern British and southern British attributes on this example hints at a previously unsuspected diversity of technique and cultural expression.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2010-12-10 12:10:38","updated":"2011-05-12 12:02:00","secwfstage":"3","findofnote":null,"objecttypecert":"1","datefound1":"2009-01-03","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"5","objectCertainty":"1","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"ianr","fullnameUpdate":"Ian Richardson","primaryMaterial":"Gold","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Certain","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"PEMBROKESHIRE","district":"Pembrokeshire","knownas":"Newport","gridRefSource":null},{"old_findID":"NMGW-FABA51","id":"391757","uniqueID":"PAS4BFFABA500117F","objecttype":"BROOCH","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"33.7","height":null,"width":"37.6","thickness":"9.9","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA 2009.91","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"ROMAN","numdate1":"100","numdate2":"200","culture":null,"description":" Roman copper alloy anthropomorphic plate brooch of 2nd<\/sup> century AD date<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n The brooch is near complete, missing the pin and some peripheral damage (with a length of 33.7mm, a distorted width of 37.6mm and a weight of 6.9g). The brooch employed a hinge mechanism with twin lugs (6.9mm deep), positioned on the rear of one of the peripheral lugs on the side. The catch-plate is positioned on the rear of the opposing lug (9.9mm deep). The rear of the brooch is hollowed (with an overall distorted depth of 11.5mm). The peripheral lugs are sub-circular (7mm wide by 6-7mm long) and remnants of deep-blue enamel survive in all but one of the lugs.<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n The brooch has a sub-lozenge shaped panel (16.6mm sq.) with a central oval domed boss (12.8mm long, 9.7mm wide and 3.9mm deep). The boss was enhanced with an anthropomorphic design, comprising a face. Many of the features are obscured by corrosion but the raised nose is prominent. The eyes are discernible as lentoid depressions flanked by raised mouldings. The face is perpendicular to the direction of the pin. The brooch has a brown patina with patches of white to pale green corrosion or surface leeching.<\/p> \n<\/p>\n\n \n<\/p>\n\n The brooch can be closely paralleled with two examples recorded by Hattatt (1989, pp186, fig. 87, Nos. 1656, 1276A)[1]<\/a> found at Tetbury, Gloucestershire and in west Hampshire respectively. Hattatt describes the brooches as 'Late Celtic' in style.<\/p>","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2010-05-28 12:40:21","updated":"2011-02-22 11:29:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":"1","objecttypecert":null,"datefound1":"2009-05-28","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":null,"dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":null,"username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"mlodwick","fullnameUpdate":"Mark Lodwick","primaryMaterial":"Copper alloy","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":null,"periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"VALE OF GLAMORGAN","district":"Vale of Glamorgan","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"NMGW-1ED1A1","id":"383358","uniqueID":"PAS4BB1ED1A00120F","objecttype":"BUCKLE","classification":null,"subclass":null,"length":"97","height":null,"width":"42.9","thickness":"5.5","diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA 2009.218.1","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"ROMAN","numdate1":"300","numdate2":"500","culture":null,"description":" Late Roman copper alloy buckle, probably of 4th<\/sup> or early 5th<\/sup> century date (Worrell 2010, 416, no. 1, fig. 3). The buckle is complete, comprising a frame, pin or tongue and plate (with an overall length of 97mm and a weight of 72.8g). The buckle frame is zoomorphic with two horse's heads facing each other and meeting at the centre (with a maximum thickness of 5.5mm). The ears of the horse protrude at the sides (producing a maximum width for the frame of 42.9mm). The snouts of the horses expand towards their ends and are separated by moulded grooves, defining a central rounded knop. The grooves accommodate the twin double-fork of the pin. The eyes of the horses are defined by cast spirals in relief. The spirals tail to form a rib along the necks of the horses, outside of which the frame is thinner (2.3mm compared to 4.2mm). At the base of the neck, at the attachment end of the buckle are three applied grooves, flanking a hinged loop at each side (with a depth of 8.7mm). The buckle frame has in-turned or involuted terminals. The rear of the frame is slightly convex with some finishing.<\/p>\n The pin or tongue has a wide cast loop (10.2mm external diameter) and gradually widens and thickens before forming rearward projections (with a width of 22.7mm), which complement the in-turned terminals of the frame. The tongue has a double-forked pin. The pin and buckle frame are secured to the buckle pate with a circular-sectioned axis bar (2.8mm diameter), which is secured by closed loops in opposing directions at the terminal.<\/p>\n The buckle plate (with an overall length of 66.2mm) has four hinge loops, which flank the two frame loops and the central tongue loop. The plate has openwork decoration within a rectangular frame (56.8mm long x 36.7mm wide and 3.6mm thick). The frame has an incised border with a rectangular panel on the frame side, containing diagonal grooves from alternating sides. At the centre of the frame is an openwork horse, trotting and facing towards the frame end. Grooves on the horse are used to define the snout, eyes, ears, mane and hoofs. Above the back of the horse is an pelta motif enhanced with grooved arcs. The pelta is thinner than the horse and it is unclear what, if anything it is intended to represent, possibly a tree or a much stylised rider. The rear end of the horse is poorly executed compared to the front. The reverse of the plate has four integral D-shaped lugs (8-9mm high and giving the plate a maximum depth of 12.8mm), positioned near each corner. Each lug has a central circular perforation (3.6mm - 3.9mm diameter) used to attach the buckle to the belt.<\/p>\n The buckle has good surface preservation; a recently applied coating by the finder has produced a dark-green patina.<\/p>\n Analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the artefacts was carried out using a CamScanMaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).The objects were examined whole within the specimen chamber and were analysed for 100 live seconds using a working distance of 35mm and an accelerating voltage of 20kV. Where possible, areas of metal exposed from under the surface corrosion were analysed. Apart from very superficial surface swabbing of the artefacts there was usually no further sample preparation. The results are semi-quantitative and overall totals taken from minimally prepared surfaces are usually affected to some degree by the surface geometry of the artefacts, including factors such as curvature, pitting and indentations etc. Other factors that can also affect the results include surface oxidation, surface enrichment or depletion of certain elements, contamination from closely adhering dirt, and preferential corrosion.<\/p>\n Three separate readings were taken and the majority of the overall totals acquired were slightly low due to the factors described above. The results were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency between the readings and to make the analyses comparable with other results the average compositions were: 88-90% copper, 4% zinc and 5% tin. Minor amounts of lead, nickel and antimony also detected<\/p>\n The buckle type is generally characteristic of a type of late Roman buckle, sometimes referred as the 'Soldiers and Settlers' type after an article by Chadwick, Dunning and Hawkes (1961)[1]<\/a>. The buckle generally fits into their type II A (ibid. p 50-51), although it is slightly different in having a pair of facing horses on the frame, rather than the more usual dolphins, with horses generally appear on buckles of type I B, with projecting horse's heads facing away from each other. The tongue rarely survives on this buckle type but when it does, it commonly has the rear-facing projections but rarely has a double pin. The axis bar with terminal loops is also difficult to parallel and may have been replaced or is a repair. The elaborate openwork plate is also fairly difficult to closely parallel. The central horse figure is reminiscent of 'Horse-and-rider' type plate brooches of 2nd<\/sup> century date. The best identified parallel for the buckle plate is an example from Argeliers in southern France, published by Aurrecoechea Fernandez (1999)[2]<\/a> as his 'Pseudo-Hispanic' 'Dolphin' Belts with Figural Decoration: 'Santome' type. As noted by the type name, the Argelier buckle has dolphins on the frame but has a similar plate with openwork horse and is without the pelta shape and also the rear attachment lugs. Pseudo-Hispanic buckles are characterised by shanks on the rear to attach the belt and examples with perforated lugs are difficult to identify. Aurrecoechea Fernandez (ibid) dates this type to between AD350 and 380 on the continent.<\/p>\n\n
\n[1]<\/a> Henig, M., 1978 (2nd<\/sup> ed.); A Corpus of Roman Engraved Gemstones from British Series; BAR British Series 8\n\n\n[2]<\/a> Amit, I., Janus in furs? Opposed human heads in the art of the European Iron Age; in G. Cooney, K. Becker, J. Coles, M. Ryan and S. Sievers ed.; Relics of Old Decency: archaeological studies in later prehistory; Festschrift for Barry Rafety, pp 279-286\n\n","notes":null,"reuse":null,"created":"2012-04-04 10:30:55","updated":"2012-04-04 11:17:00","secwfstage":"4","findofnote":"1","objecttypecert":"3","datefound1":"2011-10-18","datefound2":null,"inscription":null,"disccircum":null,"museumAccession":null,"subsequentAction":"1","objectCertainty":"3","dateFromCertainty":"1","dateToCertainty":"1","dateFoundFromCertainty":null,"dateFoundToCertainty":null,"subPeriodFrom":null,"subPeriodTo":null,"createdBy":"47","obverse_description":null,"obverse_inscription":null,"reverse_description":null,"reverse_inscription":null,"denomination":null,"degree_of_wear":null,"allen_type":null,"va_type":null,"mack":null,"reeceID":null,"die":null,"wearID":null,"moneyer":null,"revtypeID":null,"categoryID":null,"typeID":null,"tribeID":null,"status":null,"rulerQualifier":null,"denominationQualifier":null,"mintQualifier":null,"dieAxisCertainty":null,"initialMark":null,"reverseMintMark":null,"statusQualifier":null,"reason":"National importance","username":"mlodwick","fullname":"Mark Lodwick","institution":"NMGW","usernameUpdate":"public","fullnameUpdate":"Laura Burnett","primaryMaterial":"Copper alloy","secondaryMaterial":null,"decoration":null,"style":null,"manufacture":null,"surfaceTreatment":null,"completeness":"Complete","preservation":null,"cert":"Possibly","periodFrom":null,"periodTo":null,"discmethod":"Metal detector","tribe":null,"region":null,"area":null,"ruler1":null,"ruler2":null,"period_name":null,"date_range":null,"mint_name":null,"wear":null,"category":null,"type":null,"reverseType":null,"county":"VALE OF GLAMORGAN","district":"Vale of Glamorgan","knownas":null,"gridRefSource":"From Map"},{"old_findID":"NMGW-374301","id":"474801","uniqueID":"PAS4ED374300011F3","objecttype":"BROOCH","classification":"Plate","subclass":"Repouss\u00e9 mounted","length":"38.2","height":"8.7","width":"27.2","thickness":null,"diameter":null,"quantity":"1","other_ref":"NMWPA 2010.162.1","treasureID":null,"broadperiod":"ROMAN","numdate1":"100","numdate2":"200","culture":null,"description":"
\n <\/p>","notes":"
\nThe toggle is near-complete, with slight peripheral damage and some surface loss (with an overall length of 115.9mm and a weight of 100.7g). The circular disc terminals are expanded (with a diameter of 15.7mm and a thickness of 4.5mm). The side of the terminal is enhanced with a central rib (1.5mm wide) and there is no enamelled inlay on the terminals. The arms are of circular section and concave across their length, expanding to the terminal and to the mid-section (with a minimum diameter of 10.8mm). The mid-section is gently rounded and is convex across its length and width (with a length of 21.4mm and a thickness of 18.8mm). The central opening is sub-rectangular (with a length of 27.0mm and a width of 7.8mm). The opening is both wider and longer on the interior. One side of the toggle is decorated with inlaid red enamel in La T\u00e8ne style. The motif is enhanced throughout with a delicate incised border. The inlaid decoration comprises a symmetrical curvilinear design. At the centre the cells are near-linear at the top and bottom and curve on the interior on both sides, before a double concave arc defines a point. The enamelled cell narrows again near the side before widening into an oval terminal. The pointed arc meets the oval on the central axis. The arms are decorated with symmetrical cells comprising convex curved ends before narrowing with concave sides. The device on one side narrows to such a degree that it becomes too thin to inlay with enamel.
\nThe surface has a brown-green patina with some areas of pale green surface loss. The red enamel is mostly somewhat dulled but patches of damage reveal the original vibrant red.
\n <\/p>\n\n