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"485019","IOW-5C6967","PAS4F25C696001DB0","BULLA","","","","34.62","37.78","6.35","","1","IOW2012-1-93","","MEDIEVAL","1281","1285","A complete Medieval cast lead papal bulla of Pope Martin IV (1281-1285 AD).
The object is sub-circular in plan. It has small openings at the top and bottom to allow the thread to be inserted into the internal recess. The obverse bears the conventional raised busts of Saints Peter and Paul both within drop-shaped pelleted borders. On the left, St Paul's beard is portrayed as being long, straight and pointed, while his hair is straight and swept back. On the right, Peter looks left with his more rounded hair and beard both formed of pellets. Between the two faces there is a crozier and above are the inscriptions: 'SPA SPE' (abbreviations for St Paul and St Peter). The reverse face has the raised legend: MAR/TINVS/PP.IIII (omega above the 'P's)' in three lines, within a pelleted border: 'PP' = 'Pastor Pastorum', translated as 'shepherd of the shepherds'.
This bulla has a pale with some small areas of corrosion. The lower side is flattened. 
Height: 34.62mm; width: 37.78mm; thickness: 6.35mm. Weight: 45.86g.
Pope Martin IV was Pope between 1281 and 1285. It is therefore likely that the bull was created and used between these dates.
The papal bulla is a formal seal of office used by the Popes to stamp and authenticate documents produced by the papal curia. Dr Tim Pestell (Curator of Norwich Castle Museum and Art Gallery) has commented: Papal bulls came as two basic types, according to the contents of the document: Tituli, or Letters of Grace, essentially granted or confirmed rights, conferred benefices or promulgated statutes. They generally had their lead bullae attached with cords of silk. Mandamenta, or Letters of Justice were mandates that conveyed papal orders, prohibitions or injunctions, and had their bullae attached by hemp threads.
Justice were mandates that conveyed papal orders, prohibitions or injunctions, and had their bullae attached by hemp threads.","","","2012-01-29 22:22:17","2012-01-31 17:49:00","4","","1","2012-01-25","","SPA SPE MAR/TINVS/PP.IIII","Club rally","","1","1","4","4","","","1","1","","fbasford","Frank Basford","IOW","fbasford","Frank Basford","Lead","","","","Cast","","Complete","Good","Certain","MEDIEVAL","ROMAN","","Metal detector","","Mr Frank Basford","","Mr Frank Basford","ISLE OF WIGHT","","ISLE OF WIGHT","","","","","SZ4313","SZ41SW","","","","","","Isle of Wight","GPS","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","367307","IOW2012-1-93.JPG","images/fbasford/",